EP3673157B1 - Valve drive for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Valve drive for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3673157B1
EP3673157B1 EP18742452.8A EP18742452A EP3673157B1 EP 3673157 B1 EP3673157 B1 EP 3673157B1 EP 18742452 A EP18742452 A EP 18742452A EP 3673157 B1 EP3673157 B1 EP 3673157B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camshaft
cam
slotted guide
cam curve
axial
Prior art date
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EP18742452.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3673157A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Emmersberger
Dietmar KNOLL
Roland Kraft
Rudolf Schmid
Thomas Steinle
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP3673157A1 publication Critical patent/EP3673157A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0471—Assembled camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0476—Camshaft bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve train for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • sliding cams is from the German disclosure document EN 10 2005 006 489 A1 known. It is a camshaft arrangement that has a base shaft and cam carriers arranged on it that are axially displaceable but held in a rotationally fixed manner. Cams with several cam curves are formed on the cam carriers, each of which has a common base circle and different cam curves that have different curve profiles. The cams actuate valve actuating means of associated cylinders. Actuators are provided for carrying out switching processes, whereby during the switching processes, another of the cam curves of the cam comes into contact with the valve actuating means by axially displacing cam carriers on the base shaft.
  • valve train for an internal combustion engine is known.
  • This valve train comprises a camshaft with a sliding cam device, which has adjacent cam tracks acting on valves with different cam shapes and lifting curves, which lifting curves work together with actuating elements having control pins for adjusting the sliding cam device.
  • a valve train for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is known, with a first camshaft rotatably mounted in a first and a second camshaft bearing, with at least one cam with a first cam curve and a second cam curve that is different from the first cam curve.
  • a gas exchange valve can be actuated with the first or the second cam curve, wherein a camshaft section is provided with which the cam can be displaced via an adjusting means such that the gas exchange valve can be actuated via either the first or the second cam curve.
  • the first camshaft and the cam have a fixed position relative to one another and the first camshaft can be axially displaced in the first and the second camshaft bearing, wherein an axial lock is provided for the camshaft.
  • German Disclosure Document EN 10 2015 012 287 A1 the international patent application WO 2012/079794 A1 , the US patent application US 2016/0090921 A1 and the German Disclosure Document EN 10 2007 061 353 A1 deal with axially sliding camshafts.
  • valve trains A disadvantage of the above-mentioned valve trains is their axial locking mechanisms, which are susceptible to wear.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantage.
  • a further object of the present invention is to prevent axial displacement of the camshaft during operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the proposed axial locking mechanism can minimize the relative movement of the camshaft to the actuating means that occurs when the internal combustion engine is operating.
  • a particular advantage is that the axial locking mechanism is a guide rail that runs radially around the camshaft with a first and a second guide rail that are axially adjacent to one another and into which a locking element pre-tensioned by a spring element engages. Simple switching of the switching camshaft with simultaneous locking in the end positions is possible because the first and second guide rails are spaced apart from one another by a cylindrical section.
  • the angular range according to claim 2 is a particularly preferred angular range.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a valve train 1 according to the invention for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder head which is not numbered, is shown without a valve cover so that the valve train 1 is visible.
  • the valve train 1 is arranged on the inlet side and is designed for two cylinders with four equally acting, Fig.2 shown gas exchange valves are provided.
  • the valve train 1 has a first camshaft 4 which is rotatably mounted in a first and a second camshaft bearing 2, 3 and further camshaft bearings which are not numbered.
  • a second camshaft which is not numbered is provided on the exhaust side.
  • the first camshaft 4 has four cams 5 for four gas exchange valves (not shown) for two cylinders of the internal combustion engine, with only one cam 5 being numbered.
  • the cam 5 has a first cam curve 6 and a second cam curve 7 which is different from the first cam curve 6.
  • the gas exchange valve can be actuated by either the first or the second cam curve 6, 7 via an intermediate element, such as a sliding rocker arm.
  • a camshaft section 8 is provided, with radially outwardly encircling control grooves into which an invisible pin of an actuating means 9 engages, so that the camshaft 4 with the cam 5 can be displaced in such a way that the gas exchange valve can be actuated either via the first or the second cam curve 6, 7.
  • the camshaft 4 and the cam 5 are preferably made of the same material and are one piece. In a further embodiment, the cam can also be shrunk or joined onto the camshaft 4.
  • a spur gear 17 is provided to drive the camshaft 4, which can be driven by another, unnumbered gear.
  • an axial locking device 10 shown in the following figures is provided for the axially displaceable camshaft 4.
  • FIG 2 shows a top view of the axial locking device 10 for the first camshaft 4.
  • the first camshaft 4 has Figure 2 two cams 5, whereby only one cam 5 is numbered.
  • Gas exchange valves 19 can also be seen, each with a valve spring 20, of which only one is numbered.
  • a drive gear, the spur gear, for the camshaft 4 is again numbered 17.
  • the axial locking 10 is a Figure 4 shown radially encircling the camshaft 4 with a first and a second, axially adjacent guide track 12, 13, into which a locking element 15 pre-tensioned by a spring element 14 engages.
  • the locking element 15 pre-tensioned by the spring element 14 is arranged in a bracket 21.
  • the axial locking 10 is mounted on the first camshaft 4 with a screw connection 18.
  • Figure 3 shows a section through the bracket 21 with the locking element 15 pre-tensioned by the spring element 14.
  • the bracket 21 has two fastening holes 23.
  • the locking element 15 is a pin pre-tensioned by the spring 14, the pre-tension being adjustable by a cap nut 22.
  • Figure 4 shows a section through the axial locking mechanism 10 without the pre-tensioned locking element 15.
  • the guide 11 with the first and second axially adjacent guide tracks 12, 13 is mounted radially on the camshaft 4 in the present exemplary embodiment via a roller bearing 25, in the present exemplary embodiment a ball bearing. In another exemplary embodiment, it can also be a plain bearing.
  • a camshaft axis is numbered 16.
  • An angle between the second guide track 13 and the camshaft axis 16 is designated ⁇ .
  • the first and second guide tracks 12, 13 are axially spaced from one another by a cylindrical section 24.
  • the first and second guide tracks 12, 13 form an angle of between 2° and 45° with the camshaft axis 16.
  • Figure 5 shows a section through the locking element 15 and the guide 11.
  • the preload by the spring element 14 is shown by an arrow on the locking element 15 in the direction of the guide 11.
  • a displacement path of the locking element 15 over the guide 11 is numbered 26.
  • This displacement path 26 corresponds to the width of a cam curve 6, 7.
  • An angle between the guide tracks 12, 13 is numbered ⁇ .
  • the guide 11 has an axial groove via the guide tracks 12, 13 and the cylindrical section 24, in which the locking element 15 is axially displaceable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ventiltrieb für einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a valve train for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Zum technischen Umfeld wird beispielsweise auf die Europäische Patentanmeldung EP 0 595 060 A1 hingewiesen. Aus dieser Patentanmeldung ist ein Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, der axial auf einer Nockenwelle verschiebbare vorgespannte Schiebenocken aufweist. Die Schiebenocken sind in einer ersten Stellung, in welcher Sie mit einer ersten Erhebungskurve auf Einlassventile wirken, in eine zweite Stellung verschoben werden können, in welcher Sie mit einer zweiten Erhebungskurve auf die Einlassventile wirken. Die Schiebenocken liegen in der ersten Stellung formschlüssig an einem Anschlag eines zwischen die Einlassventile und die Schiebenocken geschalteten Übertragungselements an, solange sie mit einem Abschnitt im Bereich des Anschlags laufen. Bei Erreichen des Grundkreises der Schiebenocken werden diese in die zweite Stellung verschoben.The technical environment is referred to, for example, in the European patent application EP 0 595 060 A1 This patent application discloses a valve train for an internal combustion engine which has pre-tensioned sliding cams which can be moved axially on a camshaft. The sliding cams are in a first position, in which they act on the intake valves with a first elevation curve, and can be moved to a second position, in which they act on the intake valves with a second elevation curve. In the first position, the sliding cams rest in a form-fitting manner on a stop of a transmission element connected between the intake valves and the sliding cams, as long as they run with a section in the area of the stop. When the base circle of the sliding cams is reached, they are moved to the second position.

Ein weiteres Beispiel für Schiebenocken ist beispielsweise aus der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2005 006 489 A1 bekannt. Es handelt sich um eine Nockenwellenanordnung die eine Grundwelle und darauf angeordnete, axial verschiebbare aber drehfest gehaltene Nockenträger aufweist. Dabei sind auf den Nockenträgern Nocken mit mehreren Nockenkurven ausgebildet, die jeweils einen gemeinsamen Grundkreis und unterschiedliche Nockenkurven aufweisen, die voneinander verschiedene Kurvenverläufe aufweisen. Durch die Nocken werden Ventilbetätigungsmittel von zugeordneten Zylindern betätigt. Es sind Steller zum Durchführen von Umschaltvorgängen vorgesehen, wobei bei den Umschaltvorgängen durch axiales Verschieben von Nockenträgern auf der Grundwelle eine andere der Nockenkurven des Nockens in Anlage mit den Ventilbetätigungsmitteln gelangt.Another example of sliding cams is from the German disclosure document EN 10 2005 006 489 A1 known. It is a camshaft arrangement that has a base shaft and cam carriers arranged on it that are axially displaceable but held in a rotationally fixed manner. Cams with several cam curves are formed on the cam carriers, each of which has a common base circle and different cam curves that have different curve profiles. The cams actuate valve actuating means of associated cylinders. Actuators are provided for carrying out switching processes, whereby during the switching processes, another of the cam curves of the cam comes into contact with the valve actuating means by axially displacing cam carriers on the base shaft.

Aus der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2004 022 833 A1 ist ein weiterer Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt. Dieser Ventiltrieb umfasst eine Nockenwelle mit einer Schiebenockeneinrichtung, die nebeneinanderliegende, auf Ventile einwirkende Nockenbahnen mit unterschiedlichen Nockenformen und Hubkurven besitzt, welche Hubkurven mit Steuerstifte aufweisende Betätigungselementen zur Verstellung der Verschiebenockeneinrichtung zusammenarbeiten.From the German Disclosure Document EN 10 2004 022 833 A1 Another valve train for an internal combustion engine is known. This valve train comprises a camshaft with a sliding cam device, which has adjacent cam tracks acting on valves with different cam shapes and lifting curves, which lifting curves work together with actuating elements having control pins for adjusting the sliding cam device.

Weiter wird auf die Deutsche Patentschrift DE 10 2009 057 633 B3 hingewiesen. Aus dieser Patentschrift sind ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gebauten Nockenwelle, sowie ein Nockenwellengrundkörper und eine gebaute Nockenwelle bekannt. Dieses Patent schützt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gebauten Nockenwelle mit zumindest einem drehfesten, axial verschiebbar auf einem Nockenwellengrundkörper angeordneten Nockenelement und mit zumindest einem drehfest und axial nicht verschiebbar auf dem Nockenwellengrundkörper angeordneten Nockenelement, umfassend folgende Verfahrensschritte:

  • Bereitstellen eines stabförmigen Nockenwellengrundkörpers,
  • Bearbeitung des Nockenwellengrundkörpers durch
  • Oberflächenbearbeitung des Nockenwellengrundkörpers in zumindest einem ersten axialen Teilabschnitt durch Einbringung eines sich in axialer Richtung erstreckenden Außenoberflächenprofils,
  • Oberflächenbearbeitung des Nockenwellengrundkörpers in zumindest einem, dem ersten Teilabschnitt in einer vorbestimmten Auffädelrichtung gesehen nachgelagerten, zweiten axialen Teilabschnitt, durch zumindest bereichsweises Aufweiten des Nockenwellengrundkörpers auf einen erweiterten Außendurchmesser,
  • Bereitstellung einer Mehrzahl von Nockenelementen mit einem Nabenquerschnitt und einem in axialer Richtung sich erstreckenden und mit dem Außenoberflächenprofil des Nockenwellengrundkörpers korrelierenden Innenoberflächenprofils, wobei der Nabenquerschnitt einen minimalen Innendurchmesser aufweist, der kleiner als der maximale Außendurchmesser im zweiten Teilabschnitt des Nockenwellengrundkörpers bemessen ist,
  • Montage der Nockenelemente, wobei
  • Zumindest ein erstes Nockenelement in Auffädelrichtung über den zumindest einen ersten axialen Teilabschnitt hinweg bis vor den aufgeweiteten Bereich des zumindest einen zweiten axialen Teilabschnitts auf den Nockenwellengrundkörper aufgeschoben wird, d aufgeschobene Nockenelement zu einer vorbestimmten Bezugsposition des Nockenwellengrundkörpers winkelgenau ausgerichtet und durch anschließende axiale Relativbewegung zwischen Nockenelement und Nockenwellengrundkörper kraftformschlüssig mit dem Nockenwellengrundkörper verbunden wird, und wobei anschließend
  • Zumindest ein zweites Nockenelement winkelausgerichtet in Auffädelrichtung bis zu den zumindest einen ersten Teilabschnitt auf den Nockenwellengrundkörper aufgeschoben und dort drehfest und axial verschiebbar positioniert wird.
Further reference is made to the German patent specification EN 10 2009 057 633 B3 This patent discloses a method for producing an assembled camshaft, as well as a camshaft base body and an assembled camshaft. This patent protects a method for producing an assembled camshaft with at least one cam element arranged in a rotationally fixed, axially displaceable manner on a camshaft base body and with at least one cam element arranged in a rotationally fixed and axially non-displaceable manner on the camshaft base body, comprising the following method steps:
  • Providing a rod-shaped camshaft base body,
  • Machining of the camshaft base body by
  • Surface treatment of the camshaft base body in at least a first axial section by introducing an outer surface profile extending in the axial direction,
  • Surface treatment of the camshaft base body in at least one second axial section downstream of the first section in a predetermined threading direction, by at least partially widening the camshaft base body to an enlarged outer diameter,
  • Providing a plurality of cam elements with a hub cross-section and an inner surface profile extending in the axial direction and correlating with the outer surface profile of the camshaft base body, wherein the hub cross-section has a minimum inner diameter which is smaller than the maximum outer diameter in the second subsection of the camshaft base body,
  • Assembly of the cam elements, whereby
  • At least one first cam element is pushed onto the camshaft base body in the threading direction over the at least one first axial section up to the widened area of the at least one second axial section, the pushed-on cam element is aligned at an angle to a predetermined reference position of the camshaft base body and is connected to the camshaft base body in a force-fitting manner by subsequent axial relative movement between the cam element and the camshaft base body, and wherein subsequently
  • At least one second cam element is pushed onto the camshaft base body in an angularly aligned manner in the threading direction up to the at least one first partial section and is positioned there in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner.

Aus der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2013 111 410 A1 ist ein Ventiltrieb für einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, mit einer in einem ersten und einem zweiten Nockenwellenlager drehbar gelagerten ersten Nockenwelle mit zumindest einer Nocke mit einer ersten Nockenkurve und einer zweiten, von der ersten Nockenkurve unterschiedlichen Nockenkurve. Mit der ersten oder der zweiten Nockenkurve ist ein Gaswechselventil betätigbar ist, wobei ein Nockenwellenabschnitt vorgesehen ist mit dem über ein Stellmittel die Nocke derart verschiebbar ist, dass das Gaswechselventil entweder über die erste oder die zweite Nockenkurve betätigbar ist. Die erste Nockenwelle und die Nocke haben eine feste Lage zueinander und die erste Nockenwelle ist in dem ersten und dem zweiten Nockenwellenlager axial verschiebbar, wobei für die Nockenwelle eine Axialarretierung vorgesehen ist.From the German Disclosure Document EN 10 2013 111 410 A1 A valve train for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is known, with a first camshaft rotatably mounted in a first and a second camshaft bearing, with at least one cam with a first cam curve and a second cam curve that is different from the first cam curve. A gas exchange valve can be actuated with the first or the second cam curve, wherein a camshaft section is provided with which the cam can be displaced via an adjusting means such that the gas exchange valve can be actuated via either the first or the second cam curve. The first camshaft and the cam have a fixed position relative to one another and the first camshaft can be axially displaced in the first and the second camshaft bearing, wherein an axial lock is provided for the camshaft.

Auch die Deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2015 012 287 A1 , die Internationale Patentanmeldung WO 2012/079794 A1 , die US Patentanmeldung US 2016/0090921 A1 und die Deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2007 061 353 A1 beschäftigen sich mit axial schiebebeweglichen Nockenwellen.The German Disclosure Document EN 10 2015 012 287 A1 , the international patent application WO 2012/079794 A1 , the US patent application US 2016/0090921 A1 and the German Disclosure Document EN 10 2007 061 353 A1 deal with axially sliding camshafts.

Nachteilig an den o. g. Ventiltrieben sind deren verschleißanfällige Axialarretierungen.A disadvantage of the above-mentioned valve trains is their axial locking mechanisms, which are susceptible to wear.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, oben genannten Nachteil zu vermeiden. Eine weitere Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine axiale Verschiebung der Nockenwelle beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine zu verhindern.The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantage. A further object of the present invention is to prevent axial displacement of the camshaft during operation of the internal combustion engine.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.These objects are achieved by the features according to patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Aufgrund der einstückigen, axial verschiebbaren Nockenwelle werden wegen der fehlenden Axialverzahnung die Herstellkosten wesentlich reduziert und die akustischen Probleme vermieden. Weiter kann aufgrund der vorgeschlagenen Axialarretierung eine beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine entstehende Relativbewegung der Nockenwelle zu dem Stellmittel minimiert werden. Von besonderem Vorteil ist, dass die Axialarretierung eine radial um die Nockenwelle umlaufende Kulisse mit einer ersten und einer zweiten, axial zueinander benachbarten Kulissenbahn ist, in die ein durch ein Federelement vorgespanntes Arretierelement eingreift. Ein einfaches Schalten der Schaltnockenwelle mit gleichzeitiger Arretierung in den Endlagen ist dadurch möglich, dass die erste und die zweite Kulissenbahn durch einen zylindrischen Abschnitt voneinander beabstandet sind.Due to the one-piece, axially movable camshaft, the manufacturing costs are significantly reduced and acoustic problems are avoided due to the lack of axial gearing. Furthermore, the proposed axial locking mechanism can minimize the relative movement of the camshaft to the actuating means that occurs when the internal combustion engine is operating. A particular advantage is that the axial locking mechanism is a guide rail that runs radially around the camshaft with a first and a second guide rail that are axially adjacent to one another and into which a locking element pre-tensioned by a spring element engages. Simple switching of the switching camshaft with simultaneous locking in the end positions is possible because the first and second guide rails are spaced apart from one another by a cylindrical section.

Der Winkelbereich gemäß Patentanspruch 2 ist ein besonders bevorzugter Winkelbereich.The angular range according to claim 2 is a particularly preferred angular range.

Mit der Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentanspruch 3 wird die Reibung nochmals minimiert.With the design according to patent claim 3, the friction is further minimized.

Mit der Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentanspruch 4 wird der Schaltvorgang deutlich vereinfacht und der Verschleiß minimiert.With the design according to patent claim 4, the switching process is significantly simplified and wear is minimized.

Im Folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in fünf Figuren näher erläutert.

Figur 1
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltrieb.
Figur 2
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf den erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltrieb mit einer Arretiervorrichtung.
Figur 3
zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Arretierelement der Axialarretierung.
Figur 4
zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Axialarretierung.
Figur 5
zeigt einen Schnitt durch das Arretierelement in Wirkverbindung mit der Axialarretierung.
In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using an embodiment in five figures.
Figure 1
shows a plan view of a valve train according to the invention.
Figure 2
shows a plan view of the valve train according to the invention with a locking device.
Figure 3
shows a section through a locking element of the axial locking.
Figure 4
shows a section through the axial locking mechanism.
Figure 5
shows a section through the locking element in operative connection with the axial locking mechanism.

Im Folgenden gelten in den Figuren 1 bis 5 für gleiche Bauelemente die gleichen Bezugsziffern.In the following, the following apply Figures 1 to 5 The same reference numbers are used for identical components.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltrieb 1 für einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine. Der nicht bezifferte Zylinderkopf ist ohne Ventildeckel dargestellt, damit der Ventiltrieb 1 sichtbar ist. Der Ventiltrieb 1 ist einlassseitig angeordnet und ist für zwei Zylinder mit vier gleich wirkenden, in Fig. 2 dargestellten Gaswechselventilen vorgesehen. Figure 1 shows a top view of a valve train 1 according to the invention for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head, which is not numbered, is shown without a valve cover so that the valve train 1 is visible. The valve train 1 is arranged on the inlet side and is designed for two cylinders with four equally acting, Fig.2 shown gas exchange valves are provided.

Der erfindungsgemäße Ventiltrieb 1 weist eine in einem ersten und einem zweiten Nockenwellenlager 2, 3 und weiteren, nicht bezifferten Nockenwellenlagern drehbar gelagerte erste Nockenwelle 4 auf. Auslassseitig ist eine zweite, nicht bezifferte Nockenwelle vorgesehen. Die erste Nockenwelle 4 weist in dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel vier Nocken 5 für vier nicht dargestellte Gaswechselventile für zwei Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine auf, wobei nur eine Nocke 5 beziffert ist. Die Nocke 5 weist eine erste Nockenkurve 6 und eine zweite, von der ersten Nockenkurve 6 unterschiedliche Nockenkurve 7 auf. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine ist das Gaswechselventil über ein Zwischenelement, wie z. B. ein Gleitschlepphebel, entweder von der ersten oder von der zweiten Nockenkurve 6, 7, betätigbar.The valve train 1 according to the invention has a first camshaft 4 which is rotatably mounted in a first and a second camshaft bearing 2, 3 and further camshaft bearings which are not numbered. A second camshaft which is not numbered is provided on the exhaust side. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first camshaft 4 has four cams 5 for four gas exchange valves (not shown) for two cylinders of the internal combustion engine, with only one cam 5 being numbered. The cam 5 has a first cam curve 6 and a second cam curve 7 which is different from the first cam curve 6. When the internal combustion engine is operating, the gas exchange valve can be actuated by either the first or the second cam curve 6, 7 via an intermediate element, such as a sliding rocker arm.

Weiter ist ein Nockenwellenabschnitt 8 vorgesehen, mit radial außen umlaufenden Steuernuten in die ein nicht sichtbarer Stift eines Stellmittels 9 eingreift, so dass die Nockenwelle 4 mit der Nocke 5 derart verschiebbar ist, dass das Gaswechselventil entweder über die erste oder die zweite Nockenkurve 6, 7 betätigbar ist.Furthermore, a camshaft section 8 is provided, with radially outwardly encircling control grooves into which an invisible pin of an actuating means 9 engages, so that the camshaft 4 with the cam 5 can be displaced in such a way that the gas exchange valve can be actuated either via the first or the second cam curve 6, 7.

Die Nockenwelle 4 und der Nocken 5 sind bevorzugt materialeinheitlich und einstückig. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann der Nocken auch auf die Nockenwelle 4 aufgeschrumpft oder gefügt sein. Zum Antrieb der Nockenwelle 4 ist ein Stirnzahnrad 17 vorgesehen, welches von einem weiteren, nicht bezifferten Zahnrad antreibbar ist.The camshaft 4 and the cam 5 are preferably made of the same material and are one piece. In a further embodiment, the cam can also be shrunk or joined onto the camshaft 4. A spur gear 17 is provided to drive the camshaft 4, which can be driven by another, unnumbered gear.

Um beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine die Belastung des Stifts des Stellmittels 9 zu reduzieren, ist erfindungsgemäß eine in den folgenden Figuren dargestellte Axialarretierung 10 für die axial verschiebbare Nockenwelle 4 vorgesehen.In order to reduce the load on the pin of the actuating means 9 during operation of the internal combustion engine, an axial locking device 10 shown in the following figures is provided for the axially displaceable camshaft 4.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die Axialarretierung 10 für die erste Nockenwelle 4. Die erste Nockenwelle 4 weist in Figur 2 zwei Nocken 5 auf, wobei wiederum nur ein einziger Nocken 5 beziffert ist. Deutlich erkennbar in Figur 2 sind die erste Nockenkurve 6 und die zweite, von der ersten Nockenkurve 6 unterschiedliche Nockenkurve 7. In der Darstellung in Figur 2 sind auch Gaswechselventile 19 erkennbar, mit je einer Ventilfeder 20, von denen jeweils nur eins beziffert ist. Ein Antriebszahnrad, das Stirnzahnrad, für die Nockenwelle 4 ist wiederum mit 17 beziffert. Die Axialarretierung 10 ist eine in Figur 4 dargestellte radial um die Nockenwelle 4 umlaufende Kulisse 11 mit einer ersten und einer zweiten, axial zueinander benachbarte Kulissenbahn 12, 13, in die ein durch ein Federelement 14 vorgespanntes Arretierelement 15 eingreift. Das durch das Federelement 14 vorgespannte Arretierelement 15 ist in einem Bügel 21 angeordnet. Die Axialarretierung 10 ist mit einer Verschraubung 18 an die erste Nockenwelle 4 montiert. Figure 2 shows a top view of the axial locking device 10 for the first camshaft 4. The first camshaft 4 has Figure 2 two cams 5, whereby only one cam 5 is numbered. Clearly visible in Figure 2 are the first cam curve 6 and the second cam curve 7, which is different from the first cam curve 6. In the illustration in Figure 2 Gas exchange valves 19 can also be seen, each with a valve spring 20, of which only one is numbered. A drive gear, the spur gear, for the camshaft 4 is again numbered 17. The axial locking 10 is a Figure 4 shown radially encircling the camshaft 4 with a first and a second, axially adjacent guide track 12, 13, into which a locking element 15 pre-tensioned by a spring element 14 engages. The locking element 15 pre-tensioned by the spring element 14 is arranged in a bracket 21. The axial locking 10 is mounted on the first camshaft 4 with a screw connection 18.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt durch den Bügel 21 mit dem durch das Federelement 14 vorgespannten Arretierelement 15. Der Bügel 21 weist zwei Befestigungsbohrungen 23 auf. Das Arretierelement 15 ist ein durch die Feder 14 vorgespannter Stift, wobei die Vorspannung durch eine Hutmutter 22 einstellbar ist. Figure 3 shows a section through the bracket 21 with the locking element 15 pre-tensioned by the spring element 14. The bracket 21 has two fastening holes 23. The locking element 15 is a pin pre-tensioned by the spring 14, the pre-tension being adjustable by a cap nut 22.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Axialarretierung 10 ohne das vorgespannte Arretierelement 15. Die Kulisse 11 mit der ersten und der zweiten axial zueinander benachbarten Kulissenbahn 12, 13 ist in den vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel über ein Wälzlager 25, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ein Kugellager, auf der Nockenwelle 4 radial gelagert. In einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel kann es auch eine Gleitlagerung handeln. Eine Nockenwellenachse ist mit 16 beziffert. Ein Winkel zwischen der zweiten Kulissenbahn 13 und der Nockenwellenachse 16 ist mit α bezeichnet. Weiter sind in dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel die erste und die zweite Kulissenbahn 12, 13 durch einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 24 axial voneinander beabstandet. Bevorzugt bilden die erste und die zweite Kulissenbahn 12, 13 mit der Nockenwellenachse 16 einen Winkel zwischen 2° und 45°. Figure 4 shows a section through the axial locking mechanism 10 without the pre-tensioned locking element 15. The guide 11 with the first and second axially adjacent guide tracks 12, 13 is mounted radially on the camshaft 4 in the present exemplary embodiment via a roller bearing 25, in the present exemplary embodiment a ball bearing. In another exemplary embodiment, it can also be a plain bearing. A camshaft axis is numbered 16. An angle between the second guide track 13 and the camshaft axis 16 is designated α. Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, the first and second guide tracks 12, 13 are axially spaced from one another by a cylindrical section 24. Preferably, the first and second guide tracks 12, 13 form an angle of between 2° and 45° with the camshaft axis 16.

Figur 5 zeigt einen Schnitt durch das Arretierelement 15 und die Kulisse 11. Die Vorspannung durch das Federelement 14 ist durch einen Pfeil auf das Arretierelement 15 in Richtung Kulisse 11 dargestellt. Ein Verschiebeweg des Arretierelements 15 über die Kulisse 11 ist mit 26 beziffert. Dieser Verschiebeweg 26 entspricht der Breite einer Nockenkurve 6, 7. Ein Winkel zwischen den Kulissenbahnen 12, 13 ist mit β beziffert. Figure 5 shows a section through the locking element 15 and the guide 11. The preload by the spring element 14 is shown by an arrow on the locking element 15 in the direction of the guide 11. A displacement path of the locking element 15 over the guide 11 is numbered 26. This displacement path 26 corresponds to the width of a cam curve 6, 7. An angle between the guide tracks 12, 13 is numbered β.

In einem weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Kulisse 11 über die Kulissenbahnen 12, 13 und den zylindrischen Abschnitt 24 eine axiale Nut auf, in der das Arretierelement 15 axial verschiebbar ist.In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the guide 11 has an axial groove via the guide tracks 12, 13 and the cylindrical section 24, in which the locking element 15 is axially displaceable.

Durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Axialarretierung 10 kann eine entstehende Relativbewegung der ersten Nockenwelle 4 zu dem Stift des Stellelements 9 minimiert werden. Dies macht eine einteilige Schiebenockenwelle möglich.By using the axial locking device 10 according to the invention, a relative movement of the first camshaft 4 to the pin of the actuating element 9 can be minimized. This makes a one-piece sliding camshaft possible.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
VentiltriebValve train
22
erstes Nockenwellenlagerfirst camshaft bearing
33
zweites Nockenwellenlagersecond camshaft bearing
44
erste Nockenwellefirst camshaft
5.5.
NockeCam
6.6.
erste Nockenkurvefirst cam curve
7.7.
zweite Nockenkurvesecond cam curve
8.8th.
NockenwellenabschnittCamshaft section
9.9.
StellmittelSettling agent
10.10.
AxialarretierungAxial locking
11.11.
KulisseScenery
12.12.
erste Kulissenbahnfirst slide track
13.13.
zweite Kulissenbahnsecond slide track
14.14.
FederelementSpring element
15.15.
ArretierelementLocking element
16.16.
NockenwellenachseCamshaft axis
17.17.
StirnzahnradSpur gear
18.18.
VerschraubungScrew connection
19.19.
GaswechselventilGas exchange valve
20.20.
VentilfederValve spring
21.21.
Bügelhanger
22.22.
HutmutterCap nut
23.23.
BefestigungsbohrungMounting hole
24.24.
zylindrischer Abschnittcylindrical section
25.25.
Wälzlagerroller bearing
26.26.
VerschiebewegDisplacement path
αα
Winkel zwischen Nockenwellenachse und KulissenbahnAngle between camshaft axis and cam track
ββ
Winkel zwischen den KulissenbahnenAngle between the slide tracks

Claims (3)

  1. Valve drive (1) for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, having a first camshaft (4), which is rotatably mounted in a first (2) and a second camshaft bearing (3) and which has at least one cam (5) with a first cam curve (6) and a second cam curve (7) that differs from the first cam curve (6), wherein a gas exchange valve can be actuated by the first or the second cam curve (6, 7), wherein a camshaft section (8) is provided, by means of which the cam (5) can be moved by an adjusting means (9) in such a way that the gas exchange valve can be actuated either via the first or the second cam curve (6, 7),
    wherein the first camshaft (4) and the cam (5) have a fixed position with respect to one another, and the first camshaft (4) can be displaced axially in the first and the second camshaft bearing (2, 3), wherein an axial locking means (10) is provided for the camshaft (4), wherein the axial locking means (10) is a slotted guide (11) which runs radially around the cam shaft (4) and has a first and a second slotted guide track (12, 13) which are axially adjacent with respect to one another and into which a locking element (15) which is preloaded by a spring element (14) engages, and characterized in that the first and the second slotted guide track (12, 13) are spaced apart from one another by a cylindrical section (24), and in that the slotted guide (11) has an axial groove over the slotted guide tracks (12, 13) and the cylindrical section (14).
  2. Valve drive according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the first and the second slotted guide track (12, 13) each form an opposing angle α of between 2° and 45° with a camshaft axis (16).
  3. Valve drive according to either of Patent Claims 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the slotted guide (11) is provided with rolling or sliding bearing support on the camshaft (4) .
EP18742452.8A 2017-08-24 2018-07-13 Valve drive for an internal combustion engine Active EP3673157B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102017214793.8A DE102017214793A1 (en) 2017-08-24 2017-08-24 Valve train for an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2018/069085 WO2019037945A1 (en) 2017-08-24 2018-07-13 Valve drive for an internal combustion engine

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EP3673157A1 EP3673157A1 (en) 2020-07-01
EP3673157B1 true EP3673157B1 (en) 2024-05-29

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US (1) US11002162B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3673157B1 (en)
CN (1) CN110753784B (en)
DE (1) DE102017214793A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019037945A1 (en)

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US11002162B2 (en) 2021-05-11
EP3673157A1 (en) 2020-07-01
WO2019037945A1 (en) 2019-02-28
US20200191025A1 (en) 2020-06-18
CN110753784B (en) 2021-09-03
DE102017214793A1 (en) 2019-02-28
CN110753784A (en) 2020-02-04

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