EP3667808B1 - Device for broadband mechanical dephasing in waveguide - Google Patents
Device for broadband mechanical dephasing in waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- EP3667808B1 EP3667808B1 EP19214377.4A EP19214377A EP3667808B1 EP 3667808 B1 EP3667808 B1 EP 3667808B1 EP 19214377 A EP19214377 A EP 19214377A EP 3667808 B1 EP3667808 B1 EP 3667808B1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for phase shifting a radio frequency signal. It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the field of space telecommunications, and in particular to instruments such as interferometers and radar.
- Phase shift devices also called phase shifters, make it possible to delay an electromagnetic wave. They are particularly used in phased array antennas.
- the same signal is transmitted or received by a plurality of radiating elements.
- Each radiating element is individually coupled to a phase shifter and an amplifier.
- the individually applied phase shift can vary from 0° to 360°.
- the radiation emitted or received by each of the radiating elements thus interferes with the radiation of the other radiating elements.
- the beam is produced by the sum of constructive interference and can be oriented towards a specific direction by varying the phase between the elements, according to the predetermined phase law.
- phase shifters can be divided into three large families: ferrite phase shifters, MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) phase shifters, and mechanical phase shifters.
- the ferrite phase shifter produces a variable insertion phase in the path of a radio signal, without changing its physical length.
- the phase shift is obtained by the variation in the permeability of the ferrite, obtained by variations in the magnetic field controlling the phase shifter.
- Control of the driving magnetic field requires active magnetic field bias circuits, which enable very fast switching times. This fast switching time is often required in radar applications, for example for beam switching.
- the mentioned active circuits result in high heat dissipation, and thus require thermal control.
- Thermal control with field control circuits magnetic, give the ferrite phase shifter a complex structure, which can be a hindrance to integration, particularly for a high number of phase shifters to be mounted on a single radar. Finally, their manufacturing generates a lot of waste.
- phase shifters In MEMS phase shifters, the phase shift is operated by changing the geometry of a microstrip line, which modifies the propagation constant of the line. The geometry change is carried out along two axes (line length and line width), by micro-actuators.
- An example of a MEMS phase shifter is described in the document “Low-loss Millimeter-wave Phase Shifters Based on Mechanical Reconfiguration” (Romano et al., PIERS Proceedings, Prague, Czech Republic, July 6-9, 2015 ).
- these phase shifters do not allow significant powers to pass through, due to the size of the micro-actuators.
- the phase shift is generally not constant over a large bandwidth. These phase shifters are therefore not particularly broadband. Finally, their lifespan is limited.
- “Slide trombone” type phase shifters include a moving part and a conductive branch.
- the movable part is hollow and of diameter greater than the diameter of the conductive branch, which allows the movable part to slide along the conductive branch in a translational movement, to adjust the phase shift.
- An example of a “slide trombone” type phase shifter, associated with an electrical power distributor, is described in the document FR 2 977 381 . In this type of structure, the cross section remains constant, while the length varies. Thus, the modification of the phase is not the same, depending on the frequency of the signal. “Slide trombone” type phase shifters are therefore not broadband.
- the document US 2017/0077576 A1 describes a mechanical phase shifter, comprising a fixed plate equipped with a network of pads, and a mobile plate equipped with a row of pads.
- the signals to be phase shifted are transmitted in a guide structure composed of a rib, located on the fixed plate, and the row of studs.
- the movable plate moves transversely to the rib, the row of pads moves away from the rib, and the length of the path of the electric current circulating in the waveguide decreases.
- the guidance structure described in the document US 2017/0077576 A1 does not offer a large amplitude of movement between the two plates, which limits the applied phase shift. In fact, the movement is limited to prevent the row of pads of the movable plate and the network of pads of the fixed plate from coming into contact with each other, which would generate unwanted friction between the parts.
- the invention therefore aims to obtain an easy-to-manufacture, wide-band phase shifter, making it possible to pass significant powers, and having little or no heat dissipation.
- An object of the invention is therefore a device for phase shifting a radio frequency signal according to claim 1.
- the first network of conductive pads and the second network of conductive pads each comprise two straight portions, mainly included in planes orthogonal to the Z axis, and arranged respectively on either side of the first helical portion and the second helical portion.
- the second support is configured to be movable in rotation in the first support around the Z axis, the guided portion with constant dimensions passing diametrically through the second support on distinct planes along the Z axis from the first access to the second access.
- the third network of conductive pads comprises a third helical portion and a fourth network of conductive pads comprising a fourth helical portion, the third helical portion and the fourth helical portion being inclined according to the predetermined slope and being coupled at the end to the port of exit.
- the recess has a curved shape, the curved shape being configured to compensate for a non-linearity of the phase variation during the rotation of the second support around the Z axis.
- the principle underlying the invention consists of passing a radio frequency signal through a guided structure with a rectangular section whose electrical length “L” and the long side “a” vary simultaneously, in finite proportions.
- the variation of the long side is thus a function of the variation of the electrical length.
- the proposed solution allows, on a single degree of freedom to vary the two degrees of freedom of phase variation in the guide.
- the advantage of using a guided wave in a guide structure with a rectangular section makes it possible to limit ohmic losses and to pass high-power radio frequency signals.
- rectangular section we mean both guided structures with a purely rectangular section, as well as rectangular guided structures with ribs (or “ridges” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology). The presence of ribs makes it possible to widen the frequency band.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of the phase shifter according to the first embodiment.
- the phase shifter has a PE input port and a PS output port, which can be materialized for example by guided accesses with a rectangular section.
- the input port PE and the output port PS are arranged on a first support SF.
- the first SF support is cylindrical in shape.
- a second support SM also cylindrical in shape, is arranged inside the first support SF, concentrically, with the same axis of revolution Z.
- the first support SF is hollow, so as to allow rotation of the second support SM in the first support, around the Z axis.
- the first support SF and the second support SM thus form a stator/rotor couple.
- a first network of conductive pads RP1 is distributed on the first support SF; it extends from the PE input port to the PS output port.
- a second network of conductive pads RP2 is distributed on the second support SM; it also extends from the PE input port to the PS output port.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2, the first support SF and the second support SM delimit a guide structure between the input port PE and the output port PS.
- the conductive pads are configured to couple the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal over a wide bandwidth. They are periodic in that the same plot is replicated locally on a determined surface, with a period determined in particular according to the working frequency. They can be made of a solid conductive material, for example a metal. They can alternatively be coated with a conductive surface, in particular metallic. They constitute electromagnetic walls delimiting a communication channel located between the first support SF and the second support SM.
- the conductive pads can be cylinders of revolution, or blocks, or even have a conical shape, which gives a broadband character to the network of conductive pads. More generally, the conductive pads can have any shape projecting from the support on which they are placed.
- the height of the conductive pads of the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 is substantially equal to the spacing between the first support SF and the second support SM, however leaving a clearance between the end of each stud and the opposite support facing it. To avoid any contact between the first support SF and the second support SM.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 are both inclined along the same slope.
- the second network of conductive pads RP2 approaches or moves away from the first network of conductive pads RP1 along the Z axis.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a detailed view of the second support SM
- FIG. 1C a detailed view of the first SF support.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 comprises a first helical portion PH1 of axis Z
- the second network of conductive pads RP2 comprises a second helical portion PH2 of axis Z.
- the first helical portion PH1 and the second helical portion PH2 are inclined according to the same predetermined slope.
- the slope is predetermined according to technical constraints, which can be: the frequency band, the maximum phase shift value (+180° or -180°), the dimensions of the long side “a” for zero phase shift, and the length “L” of the guide structure for zero phase shift.
- a long side “a” worth 10.5 mm, a length “L” worth 50 mm, variations of the long side “a” and the length “L” can be respectively equal to 1.1 mm ( ⁇ a) and 5.8 mm ( ⁇ L), for a phase shift equal to -180°.
- the values ⁇ a and ⁇ L make it possible to calculate the slope of the first helical portion PH1 and the second helical portion PH2.
- a first short-circuit portion PCC1 is arranged near the input port PE.
- the first short-circuit portion PCC1 is configured to constrain the propagation of the radio frequency signals from the input port PE towards the guide structure.
- a second short-circuit portion PCC2 is arranged near the output port PS, and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the guide structure to the output port PS.
- the first short-circuit portion PCC1 and the second short-circuit portion PCC2 are made up of metallic conductive pads arranged in a network, and constitute an electromagnetic wall to prevent the radio frequency signal from propagating outside the guide structure.
- the first short-circuit portion PCC1 is arranged on the side of the input port PE which is opposite the first helical portion PH1; it also has the same dimension, along the Z axis, as the PE input port.
- the second short-circuit portion PCC2 is arranged on the side of the output port PS which is opposite the second helical portion PH2; it also has the same dimension, along the Z axis, as the PS output port.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 comprises a first straight portion PDR1, which extends, at constant height along Z, from the first short-circuit portion PCC1, to the first helical portion PH1.
- the length of the first straight portion PDR1, between the first short-circuit portion PCC1 and the first helical portion PH1, is approximately equal to the wavelength of the guide structure.
- a second straight portion PDR2 extends, at constant height along Z, from the second short-circuit portion PCC2, to the first helical portion PH1.
- the structure of the second network of conductive pads PR2, arranged on the second support SM is similar to the structure of the first network of conductive pads PR1, namely: a third straight portion PDR3, a second helical portion PH2, and a fourth straight portion PDR4.
- the length of the third right portion PDR3 and the length of the fourth right portion PDR4 are such that, during the rotation corresponding to a maximum phase shift (for example +180°, or - 180°), the third right portion PDR3 and the fourth straight portion PDR4 are always arranged respectively facing the first straight portion PDR1 and facing the second right portion PDR2.
- the arrangement of the first straight portion PDR1 and the fourth straight portion PDR4 makes it possible to obtain an invariant section of the guide structure at the level of the input port PE
- the arrangement of the second straight portion PDR2 and the third straight portion PDR3 makes it possible to obtain an invariant section of the guide structure at the output port PS, which improves the radio performance of the phase shifter.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively illustrate a perspective view, and a transverse section view, of the guide structure defined by the first support SF, by the second support SM, by the first network of conductive pads RP1 and by the second network of conductive pads RP2.
- the length “L” varies, as well as the long side “a”, in accordance with the predetermined slope.
- the rotation of the second Counterclockwise SM support results in an increase in the long side “a”.
- rotating the second support SM clockwise causes a reduction in the long side “a”.
- the input port PE and the output port PS can be arranged otherwise, namely an output port PS arranged at a height greater than that of the input port PE along the Z axis.
- the slope connecting the PE input port to the PS output port can "go down” counterclockwise, as shown in the figures 1B And 1 C , or, alternatively, “go down” clockwise.
- the first support SF and the second support SM are arranged facing each other and leave a clearance between the end of each stud and the opposite support which faces it.
- the first support SF and the second support SM are arranged facing each other and leave a clearance between the end of each stud and the opposite support which faces it.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 is not arranged over the entire width of the guide structure
- the second network of conductive pads RP2 is not arranged over the entire width of the guide structure.
- the guide structure is delimited by the part of the first support SF devoid of studs and not having studs facing it, and by the part of the second support SM devoid of studs and not having studs facing it .
- the guide structure thus forms a waveguide with parallel plates, whose networks of conductive pads (RP1, RP2) make it possible to channel the electromagnetic waves while limiting leaks.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a variant of the phase shift device according to the invention.
- the embodiment illustrated by Figure 3 corresponds to the superposition of two phase shift devices according to the Figure 1A . It thus makes it possible, with a phase shift device of constant diameter, to apply a phase shift having a maximum value twice as high as for the embodiment previously described.
- the embodiment illustrated by Figure 3 allows for a maximum phase shift of 180° on a first stage, then a new maximum phase shift of 180° on a second stage. A maximum phase shift of 360° can thus be obtained.
- a phase shift device illustrated by the Figure 1A would also allow maximum phase shift of 360°, by doubling the diameter of the first support SF and the second support SM.
- the rotation of the second support SM in the first support SF causes the helical portions of the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 to move closer together or further apart.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 are coupled to a guided portion with constant dimensions TGE at a first access AC1.
- the signal phase shifted to half the desired value is therefore recovered at the first access AC1.
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE diametrically crosses the second support SM on distinct planes along the Z axis from the first access AC1 to a second access AC2.
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE is represented on the Figure 3 by a stepped waveguide, but other types of guided portions can be considered, for example a sloping guide.
- phase shift of the radio frequency signal introduced into the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE is constant for a given frequency, whatever the relative position between the first support SF and the second support SM.
- a short-circuit portion not shown, makes it possible to force the radio frequency signal to pass through the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE, after passing through the part of the guide structure delimited by the first network of conductive pads RP1 and by the second network of conductive pads RP2.
- a short-circuit portion can be placed near the second access AC2.
- the short-circuit portions can be formed by networks of conductive pads.
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE is coupled, at the level of the second access AC2, to a third network of conductive pads RP3, arranged on the first support SF, and to a fourth network of conductive pads RP4, arranged on the second support SM.
- the third network of conductive pads RP3 and the fourth network of conductive pads RP4 are coupled to the output port PS.
- the helical portions of the second network of conductive pads RP2 and the fourth network of conductive pads RP4 respectively move towards or away from the helical portions of the first network of conductive pads RP1 and of the third network of conductive pads RP3.
- a phase shift device on two planes can in particular be implemented when ⁇ L/R>180°, where ⁇ L represents the electrical length of the guide structure in the helical parts, and R represents the radius of the first support SF and the second support SM (which are substantially identical, up to the height of the conductive pads).
- the first support SF and the second support SM can be obtained by mechanical assembly. Other means such as additive manufacturing or electroforming can also be considered.
- phase shift device according to the invention can, as a variant, be made with planar supports. This is the view developed at the perimeter of the cylindrical embodiment illustrated by the Figure 1A .
- the first support SF" and the second support SM" are planar in shape and located one above the other with a constant height.
- the constant height corresponds to the height of the conductive pads, with however a clearance between the end of each pad and the opposite support which faces it, in order to allow relative movement without contact of the second support SM" relative to the first support SF "along a translation axis
- the first network of conductive pads RP1" and the second network of conductive pads RP2" are thus arranged between two plates formed by the first support SF" and the second support SM".
- the input port PE and the output port PS are arranged at the level of the first support SF". In particular, the input port PE and the output port PS can be materialized by guided accesses.
- a first portion of short -circuit PCC1" is arranged near the input port PE, and a second short-circuit portion PCC2" is arranged near the output port PS
- the first network of conductive pads RP1" comprises two first rectilinear portions PRE1, PRE2, parallel to the translation axis predetermined ⁇ corresponds to the predetermined slope in the cylindrical embodiment.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ fixes the variation of the long side “a” as a function of the length “L”, in the same way as the steepness of the slope in the cylindrical embodiment.
- the second network of conductive pads RP2" comprises two second rectilinear portions (PRE3, PRE4) parallel to the translation axis according to the predetermined angle ( ⁇ ) relative to the translation axis guidance, so as to avoid a coupling phenomenon of the electromagnetic field.
- the first inclined portion PI1 and the second inclined portion PI2 are parallel to each other.
- the long side "a” varies.
- the transverse section of the guide structure varies with the translation movement of the second support SM" relative to the first support SF".
- the guide structure forms a waveguide with parallel plates, whose networks of conductive pads make it possible to channel the electromagnetic waves while limiting leaks.
- FIG 5 illustrates a plan embodiment of the phase shift device according to the invention. It makes it possible in particular to double the value of the maximum phase shift between the input port PE and the output port PS compared to the embodiment described previously, and illustrated by the figure 4 .
- the embodiment illustrated by figure 5 makes it possible to obtain a maximum phase shift of 360°, while the embodiment illustrated by Figure 4 allows you to obtain a maximum phase shift of 180°.
- the first network of conductive pads RP1" is arranged on the first support SF
- the second network of conductive pads RP2" is arranged on the second support SM". They are identical to those described in the previous embodiment, illustrated by the Figure 4 .
- the distance separating the first support SF" and the second support SM" corresponds to the height of the conductive pads.
- a first access AC1" is located on the second support SM", near the fourth rectilinear portion PRE4.
- a third network of conductive pads RP3" and a fourth network of conductive pads RP4" are arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane PM including the translation axis X.
- the input port PE and the output port PS are arranged symmetrically on either side of the median plane PM.
- a guided portion with constant dimensions TGE" is arranged under the second support SM", on the side opposite the first support SF". Thus, the height of the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE" does not hinder the contactless movement of the second support SM" vis-à-vis the first support SF".
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE" can take the form of an assembly of two bent waveguides.
- the short-circuit portions (PCC1", PCC2", PCC3", PCC4") are arranged respectively near the port PE input port, PS output port, first access AC1" and second access AC2", in order to channel the electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency signal.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B And 6C schematically illustrate the variation of the long side “a” of the guide structure as a function of the guided length “L”.
- the guided length “L” varies by translation of the second support SM" with respect to the first support SF".
- the second support SM" When they are flat, the second support SM" can be placed on a movable carriage, in translation relative to the first support SF".
- the phase shift device according to the plan embodiment can be manufactured using conventional machining techniques.
- THE figures 7A And 7B illustrate, respectively in cross section (XY plane) and in longitudinal section (XZ plane), the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 360°, according to a cylindrical embodiment in which the second support SM' is in rotation around the first support SF'.
- the second support SM' is movable in rotation around the first support SF'.
- the input port PE' and the output port PS' are arranged on the first support SF', and coaxial with the Z axis, as illustrated more specifically in Figure 7B .
- the input port PE' is connected to the first network of conductive pads and to the second network of conductive pads via a first bent guide GC1.
- the output port PS' is connected to the third network of conductive pads and to the fourth network of conductive pads via a second bent guide GC2.
- the first elbow guide GC1 and the second elbow guide GC2 must be designed to avoid reflections of the radio frequency signal.
- the first elbow guide GC1 can have a 90° inclination between its ends, and include two 45° elbows, spaced ⁇ /4 apart.
- the second GC2 bent guide can be designed in a similar way.
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE' is arranged on at least part of the annular periphery of the second support SM'.
- the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE' thus has a constant height along the Z axis.
- a first short-circuit portion PCC1' is arranged near the input port PE', and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the input port PE' towards the guide structure.
- a second short-circuit portion PCC2' is arranged near the output port PS', and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the guide structure to the output port PS'.
- Short-circuit portions (PCC3', PCC4') make it possible to channel the electromagnetic waves of the radiofrequency signal near the accesses leading to the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE'.
- the networks of conductive pads are not shown for reasons of readability of the drawings. They are also made up of helical portions, and can also include straight portions, on either side of the helical portion, in order to guarantee an invariant section of the guide structure in the event of rotation of the second support SM'.
- the rotation of the second support SM' creates an lengthening or shortening of the length "L" of the guide structure.
- the variation of the long side “a” can be obtained by the helical shape of the guided zone between the rotor and the stator.
- the axial arrangement of the input port PE' and the output port PS' may be imposed by integration and arrangement constraints of the phase shift device in relation to other components.
- the phase shift device according to the invention can be obtained by a mechanical pin device.
- THE figures 8A And 8B represent a sectional view in the longitudinal plane of the phase shift device, respectively before and after rotation of the second support SM'".
- the second support SM'" and the first support SF'" are of cylindrical shape around the same axis Z
- the second support SM'" is configured to be movable in rotation in the first support SF′′′.
- a pin PO is fixedly arranged in a recess EV of the second support SM′′′, in the axis of rotation Z of the second support SM′′′.
- the recess EV can have a linear shape, and thus be inclined according to a predetermined slope, which corresponds to the slope and the angle described in the previous embodiments.
- the recess may have a curved shape so as to cause a non-linear variation of the long side "a" of the guide structure.
- a possible natural non-linearity of the phase shift device can be compensated during the rotation of the second support SM′′′.
- a constant phase shift is guaranteed for a given rotation step (for example exactly ten motor steps to shift phase by 5°, and exactly ten additional motor steps to shift phase by 10°). The user's work is thus simplified.
- the pin can consist of a ball
- the recess EV can for example be a hollow cylinder of height equal to the diameter of the ball.
- the spacing between the first network of conductive pads and the second network of conductive pads (long side "a") varies during the rotation of the second support SM′′′
- a guided portion of constant dimensions, of the staircase guide type can advantageously be arranged in the second support SM′′′, so as to double the maximum phase shift value.
- a stepping motor or gear motor can advantageously position, at a desired angle, the second support in the first support, or around the first support depending on the embodiment envisaged, with sufficient resolution allowing fine adjustment of the phase shift of the radio frequency signal.
- a servo device could advantageously create a loop between the desired phase and the relative position of the second support with respect to the first support.
- phase shift device could be integrated into the motor, which could allow, through its own internal guiding device, the rotation of the second support in or around the first support.
- phase shift device described above makes it possible to obtain a phase shift that is quasi-constant to the nearest degree over an entire bandwidth (typically 15%), which gives a wide-band character to the phase shift device.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
Description
L'invention porte sur un dispositif de déphasage d'un signal radiofréquence. Elle s'applique en particulier, mais non exclusivement, au domaine des télécommunications spatiales, et notamment aux instruments du type interféromètres et radar.The invention relates to a device for phase shifting a radio frequency signal. It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the field of space telecommunications, and in particular to instruments such as interferometers and radar.
Les dispositifs de déphasage, également appelés déphaseurs, permettent de retarder une onde électromagnétique. Ils sont notamment employés dans les antennes réseaux à commande de phase. Un même signal est émis ou reçu par une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants. Chaque élément rayonnant est couplé individuellement à un déphaseur et à un amplificateur. Le déphasage appliqué individuellement peut varier de 0° à 360°. Le rayonnement émis ou reçu par chacun des éléments rayonnants entre ainsi en interférence avec le rayonnement des autres éléments rayonnants. Le faisceau est produit par la somme des interférences constructives et peut être orienté vers une direction spécifique en variant la phase entre les éléments, en fonction de la loi de phase prédéterminée.Phase shift devices, also called phase shifters, make it possible to delay an electromagnetic wave. They are particularly used in phased array antennas. The same signal is transmitted or received by a plurality of radiating elements. Each radiating element is individually coupled to a phase shifter and an amplifier. The individually applied phase shift can vary from 0° to 360°. The radiation emitted or received by each of the radiating elements thus interferes with the radiation of the other radiating elements. The beam is produced by the sum of constructive interference and can be oriented towards a specific direction by varying the phase between the elements, according to the predetermined phase law.
Les déphaseurs de l'état de la technique peuvent être répartis en trois grandes familles : les déphaseurs à ferrites, les déphaseurs à MEMS (microelectromechanical systems, ou microsystèmes électromécaniques), et les déphaseurs mécaniques.State-of-the-art phase shifters can be divided into three large families: ferrite phase shifters, MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) phase shifters, and mechanical phase shifters.
Le déphaseur à ferrite produit une phase variable d'insertion sur le trajet d'un signal radio, sans changer sa longueur physique. Le déphasage est obtenu par la variation de la perméabilité de la ferrite, obtenue par des variations du champ magnétique de pilotage du déphaseur. Le contrôle du champ magnétique de pilotage nécessite des circuits actifs de polarisation du champ magnétique, qui permettent d'obtenir des temps de commutation très rapides. Cette rapidité du temps de commutation est souvent requise dans les applications radars, par exemple pour la commutation de faisceau. Toutefois, les circuits actifs mentionnés entraînent une forte dissipation thermique, et nécessitent ainsi un contrôle thermique. Le contrôle thermique, avec les circuits de pilotage du champ magnétique, confèrent au déphaseur à ferrite une structure complexe, ce qui peut être un frein à l'intégration, notamment pour un nombre élevé de déphaseurs à monter sur un seul radar. Leur fabrication engendre enfin beaucoup de rebut.The ferrite phase shifter produces a variable insertion phase in the path of a radio signal, without changing its physical length. The phase shift is obtained by the variation in the permeability of the ferrite, obtained by variations in the magnetic field controlling the phase shifter. Control of the driving magnetic field requires active magnetic field bias circuits, which enable very fast switching times. This fast switching time is often required in radar applications, for example for beam switching. However, the mentioned active circuits result in high heat dissipation, and thus require thermal control. Thermal control, with field control circuits magnetic, give the ferrite phase shifter a complex structure, which can be a hindrance to integration, particularly for a high number of phase shifters to be mounted on a single radar. Finally, their manufacturing generates a lot of waste.
Dans les déphaseurs à MEMS, le déphasage est opéré par le changement de la géométrie d'une ligne micro-ruban, ce qui modifie la constante de propagation de la ligne. Le changement de géométrie est effectué selon deux axes (longueur de la ligne et largeur de la ligne), par des micro-actuateurs. Un exemple de déphaseur à MEMS est décrit dans le document
Les déphaseurs mécaniques, par exemple les déphaseurs de type « trombone à coulisse », sont de conception plus simple que les déphaseurs à ferrite et les déphaseurs à MEMS, et permettent généralement de faire passer des puissances importantes, avec peu de pertes. Les déphaseurs de type « trombone à coulisse » comprennent une partie mobile et une branche conductrice. La partie mobile est creuse et de diamètre supérieur au diamètre de la branche conductrice, ce qui permet à la partie mobile de coulisser le long de la branche conductrice selon un mouvement de translation, pour ajuster le déphasage. Un exemple de déphaseur de type « trombone à coulisse », associé à un répartiteur de puissance électrique, est décrit dans le document
Le document
L'invention vise donc à obtenir un déphaseur facile à fabriquer, large bande, permettant de faire passer des puissances importantes, et ne présentant pas ou peu de dissipation thermique.The invention therefore aims to obtain an easy-to-manufacture, wide-band phase shifter, making it possible to pass significant powers, and having little or no heat dissipation.
Un objet de l'invention est donc un dispositif de déphasage d'un signal radiofréquence selon la revendication 1.An object of the invention is therefore a device for phase shifting a radio frequency signal according to claim 1.
Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend :
- une première portion de court-circuit est disposée à proximité du port d'entrée, et configurée pour contraindre la propagation des signaux radiofréquence depuis le port d'entrée vers la structure de guidage ;
- une deuxième portion de court-circuit est disposée à proximité du port de sortie, et configurée pour contraindre la propagation des signaux radiofréquence depuis la structure de guidage vers le port de sortie.
- a first short-circuit portion is arranged near the input port, and configured to constrain the propagation of the radio frequency signals from the input port to the guidance structure;
- a second short-circuit portion is arranged near the output port, and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the guide structure to the output port.
Avantageusement, le deuxième support et le premier support sont de forme cylindrique autour d'un même axe Z,
- le premier réseau de plots conducteurs comprenant une première portion hélicoïdale d'axe Z,
- le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs comprenant une deuxième portion hélicoïdale d'axe Z,
- la première portion hélicoïdale et la deuxième portion hélicoïdale étant inclinées selon une même pente prédéterminée.
- the first network of conductive pads comprising a first helical portion of axis Z,
- the second network of conductive pads comprising a second helical portion of axis Z,
- the first helical portion and the second helical portion being inclined according to the same predetermined slope.
Avantageusement, le premier réseau de plots conducteurs et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs comprennent chacun deux portions droites, majoritairement incluses dans des plans orthogonaux à l'axe Z, et disposées respectivement de part et d'autre de la première portion hélicoïdale et de la deuxième portion hélicoïdale.Advantageously, the first network of conductive pads and the second network of conductive pads each comprise two straight portions, mainly included in planes orthogonal to the Z axis, and arranged respectively on either side of the first helical portion and the second helical portion.
Avantageusement, le deuxième support est configuré pour être mobile en rotation dans le premier support autour de l'axe Z,
la portion guidée à dimensions constantes traversant diamétralement le deuxième support sur des plans distincts selon l'axe Z depuis le premier accès jusqu'au deuxième accès.Advantageously, the second support is configured to be movable in rotation in the first support around the Z axis,
the guided portion with constant dimensions passing diametrically through the second support on distinct planes along the Z axis from the first access to the second access.
Avantageusement, le deuxième support est configuré pour être mobile en rotation autour du premier support,
- le port d'entrée et le port de sortie étant coaxiaux à l'axe Z,
- le port d'entrée étant relié au premier réseau de plots conducteurs et au deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs par l'intermédiaire d'un premier guide coudé,
- le port de sortie étant relié au troisième réseau de plots conducteurs et au quatrième réseau de plots conducteurs par l'intermédiaire d'un deuxième guide coudé,
- la portion guidée à dimensions constantes étant agencée sur au moins une partie du pourtour annulaire du deuxième support.
- the input port and the output port being coaxial to the Z axis,
- the input port being connected to the first network of conductive pads and to the second network of conductive pads via a first bent guide,
- the output port being connected to the third network of conductive pads and to the fourth network of conductive pads via a second bent guide,
- the guided portion with constant dimensions being arranged on at least part of the annular periphery of the second support.
Avantageusement, le troisième réseau de plots conducteurs comprend une troisième portion hélicoïdale et à un quatrième réseau de plots conducteurs comprenant une quatrième portion hélicoïdale, la troisième portion hélicoïdale et la quatrième portion hélicoïdale étant inclinées selon la pente prédéterminée et étant couplées en extrémité au port de sortie.Advantageously, the third network of conductive pads comprises a third helical portion and a fourth network of conductive pads comprising a fourth helical portion, the third helical portion and the fourth helical portion being inclined according to the predetermined slope and being coupled at the end to the port of exit.
Avantageusement, le deuxième support et le premier support sont de forme cylindrique autour d'un même axe Z, le deuxième support étant configuré pour être mobile en rotation dans le premier support,
- un pion étant disposé dans un évidement du deuxième support, le pion et
- l'évidement étant configurés pour que la rotation du deuxième support autour de l'axe Z provoque une translation du deuxième support.
- a pin being placed in a recess of the second support, the pin and
- the recess being configured so that the rotation of the second support around the Z axis causes a translation of the second support.
Avantageusement, l'évidement a une forme incurvée, la forme incurvée étant configurée pour compenser une non linéarité de la variation de phase lors de la rotation du deuxième support autour de l'axe Z.Advantageously, the recess has a curved shape, the curved shape being configured to compensate for a non-linearity of the phase variation during the rotation of the second support around the Z axis.
Avantageusement, le deuxième support et le premier support étant de forme plane et situés l'un au-dessus de l'autre avec une hauteur constante, le deuxième support étant mobile par rapport au premier support le long d'un axe de translation,
- le premier réseau de plots conducteurs comprenant deux premières portions rectilignes parallèles à l'axe de translation, les deux premières portions rectilignes étant reliées entre elles par leurs extrémités à une première portion inclinée selon un angle prédéterminé par rapport à l'axe de translation,
- le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs comprenant deux deuxièmes portions rectilignes parallèles à l'axe de translation, les deux deuxièmes portions rectilignes étant reliées entre elles par leurs extrémités à une deuxième portion inclinée selon l'angle prédéterminé par rapport à l'axe de translation,
- le troisième réseau de plots conducteurs et le quatrième réseau de plots conducteurs étant disposés symétriquement par rapport à un plan médian incluant l'axe de translation, le port d'entrée et le port de sortie étant disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan médian,
- la portion guidée à dimensions constantes étant disposée sous le deuxième support, du côté opposé au premier support.
- the first network of conductive pads comprising two first rectilinear portions parallel to the axis of translation, the two first rectilinear portions being connected together by their ends to a first portion inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the axis of translation,
- the second network of conductive pads comprising two second rectilinear portions parallel to the axis of translation, the two second rectilinear portions being connected together by their ends to a second portion inclined at the predetermined angle relative to the axis of translation,
- the third network of conductive pads and the fourth network of conductive pads being arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane including the axis of translation, the input port and the output port being arranged symmetrically on either side of the plane median,
- the guided portion with constant dimensions being arranged under the second support, on the side opposite the first support.
D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemple et qui représentent, respectivement :
- [
Fig.1A ], lafigure 1A , une première représentation du dispositif de déphasage, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 180°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique ; - [
Fig.1B ] lafigure 1B , une deuxième représentation du dispositif de déphasage, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 180°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique ; - [
Fig.1C ] lafigure 1C , une troisième représentation du dispositif de déphasage, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 180°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique ; - [
Fig.2A ] lafigure 2A , une première représentation des réseaux de plots conducteurs sur les supports fixes et mobiles, selon une vue en perspective ; - [
Fig.2B ] lafigure 2B , une deuxième représentation des réseaux de plots conducteurs sur les supports fixes et mobiles, selon une vue en coupe transverse ; - [
Fig.3 ] lafigure 3 , une représentation du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 360°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique dans lequel le deuxième support est en rotation dans le premier support ; - [
Fig.4 ] lafigure 4 , une représentation du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 180°, selon un mode de réalisation plan ; - [
Fig.5 ] lafigure 5 , une représentation du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 360°, selon un mode de réalisation plan ; - [
Fig.6A ] lafigure 6A , une vue du dispositif de déphasage selon lafigure 5 , dans un état initial ; - [
Fig.6B ] lafigure 6B , une vue du dispositif de déphasage selon lafigure 5 , dans un état où la longueur et la largeur de la structure de guidage augmentent ; - [
Fig.6C ] lafigure 6C , une vue du dispositif de déphasage selon lafigure 5 , dans un état où la longueur et la largeur de la structure de guidage diminuent ; - [
Fig.7A ] lafigure 7A , une représentation en coupe transversale, du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 360°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique dans lequel le deuxième support est en rotation autour du premier support ; - [
Fig.7B ] lafigure 7B , une représentation en coupe longitudinale du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, permettant un déphasage de 0° à 360°, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique dans lequel le deuxième support est en rotation autour du premier support ; - [
Fig.8A ] lafigure 8A , une première représentation du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique avec pion ; - [
Fig.8B ] lafigure 8B , une deuxième représentation du dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, selon un mode de réalisation cylindrique avec pion.
- [
Fig.1A ], thereFigure 1A , a first representation of the phase shift device, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 180°, according to a cylindrical embodiment; - [
Fig.1B ] thereFigure 1B , a second representation of the phase shift device, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 180°, according to a cylindrical embodiment; - [
Fig.1C ] thereFigure 1C , a third representation of the phase shift device, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 180°, according to a cylindrical embodiment; - [
Fig.2A ] thereFigure 2A , a first representation of the networks of conductive pads on the fixed and mobile supports, according to a perspective view; - [
Fig.2B ] thereFigure 2B , a second representation of the networks of conductive pads on the fixed and mobile supports, in a transverse sectional view; - [
Fig.3 ] thereFigure 3 , a representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 360°, according to a cylindrical embodiment in which the second support is rotating in the first support; - [
Fig.4 ] thereFigure 4 , a representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 180°, according to a plan embodiment; - [
Fig.5 ] therefigure 5 , a representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 360°, according to a plan embodiment; - [
Fig.6A ] thereFigure 6A , a view of the phase shift device according to theFigure 5 , in an initial state; - [
Fig.6B ] thereFigure 6B , a view of the phase shift device according to theFigure 5 , in a state where the length and width of the guide structure increase; - [
Fig.6C ] thereFigure 6C , a view of the phase shift device according to theFigure 5 , in a state where the length and width of the guide structure decrease; - [
Fig.7A ] thereFigure 7A , a cross-sectional representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 360°, according to a cylindrical embodiment in which the second support is in rotation around the first support; - [
Fig.7B ] thereFigure 7B , a representation in longitudinal section of the phase shift device according to the invention, allowing a phase shift from 0° to 360°, according to a cylindrical embodiment in which the second support is in rotation around the first support; - [
Fig.8A ] thereFigure 8A , a first representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, according to a cylindrical embodiment with pin; - [
Fig.8B ] thereFigure 8B , a second representation of the phase shift device according to the invention, according to a cylindrical embodiment with pin.
Le principe à la base de l'invention consiste à faire transiter un signal radiofréquence dans une structure guidée à section rectangulaire dont la longueur électrique « L » et le grand côté « a » varient simultanément, dans des proportions finies. La variation du grand côté est ainsi fonction de la variation de la longueur électrique. La solution proposée permet, sur un seul et unique degré de liberté de faire varier les deux degrés de liberté de variation de phase dans le guide. L'avantage d'utiliser une onde guidée dans une structure de guidage à section rectangulaire permet de limiter les pertes ohmiques et de passer des signaux radiofréquence de forte puissance. Par « section rectangulaire », on entend à la fois les structures guidées à section purement rectangulaire, ainsi que les structures guidées rectangulaires présentant des nervures (ou « ridges » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne). La présence de nervures permet d'élargir la bande de fréquence.The principle underlying the invention consists of passing a radio frequency signal through a guided structure with a rectangular section whose electrical length “L” and the long side “a” vary simultaneously, in finite proportions. The variation of the long side is thus a function of the variation of the electrical length. The proposed solution allows, on a single degree of freedom to vary the two degrees of freedom of phase variation in the guide. The advantage of using a guided wave in a guide structure with a rectangular section makes it possible to limit ohmic losses and to pass high-power radio frequency signals. By “rectangular section”, we mean both guided structures with a purely rectangular section, as well as rectangular guided structures with ribs (or “ridges” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology). The presence of ribs makes it possible to widen the frequency band.
La longueur d'onde de coupure et la constante de propagation caractéristique du guide sont des fonctions du grand côté d'une structure de guidage rectangulaire, la phase de sortie du déphaseur peut être ajustée en ajustant les dimensions du grand côté.The cutoff wavelength and characteristic propagation constant of the guide are functions of the long side of a rectangular guide structure, the output phase of the phase shifter can be adjusted by adjusting the dimensions of the long side.
La combinaison des variations de la longueur électrique « L » et du grand côté « a » peut être avantageusement effectuée par un mouvement de rotation. Les
Les plots conducteurs sont configurés pour coupler le champ électromagnétique du signal radiofréquence sur une grande largeur de bande. Ils sont périodiques en ce qu'un même plot est répliqué localement sur une surface déterminée, avec une période déterminée notamment en fonction de la fréquence de travail. Ils peuvent être constitués d'un matériau conducteur plein, par exemple un métal. Ils peuvent en variante être revêtus d'une surface conductrice, en particulier métallique. Ils constituent des murs électromagnétiques délimitant un canal de communication situé entre le premier support SF et le deuxième support SM. Les plots conducteurs peuvent être des cylindres de révolution, ou des pavés, voire même avoir une forme conique, ce qui confère un caractère large bande au réseau de plots conducteurs. Plus généralement, les plots conducteurs peuvent avoir toute forme faisant saillie par rapport au support sur lequel ils sont disposés.The conductive pads are configured to couple the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal over a wide bandwidth. They are periodic in that the same plot is replicated locally on a determined surface, with a period determined in particular according to the working frequency. They can be made of a solid conductive material, for example a metal. They can alternatively be coated with a conductive surface, in particular metallic. They constitute electromagnetic walls delimiting a communication channel located between the first support SF and the second support SM. The conductive pads can be cylinders of revolution, or blocks, or even have a conical shape, which gives a broadband character to the network of conductive pads. More generally, the conductive pads can have any shape projecting from the support on which they are placed.
La hauteur des plots conducteurs du premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2 est sensiblement égale à l'espacement entre le premier support SF et le deuxième support SM, en laissant toutefois subsister un jeu entre l'extrémité de chaque plot et le support opposé qui lui fait face. Pour éviter tout contact entre le premier support SF et le deuxième support SM. Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2 sont tous deux inclinés selon une même pente. Ainsi, lors du mouvement relatif entre le premier support SF et le deuxième support SM, à savoir une rotation du deuxième support SM dans le premier support SF, le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2 se rapproche ou s'éloigne du premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 selon l'axe Z.The height of the conductive pads of the first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 is substantially equal to the spacing between the first support SF and the second support SM, however leaving a clearance between the end of each stud and the opposite support facing it. To avoid any contact between the first support SF and the second support SM. The first network of conductive pads RP1 and the second network of conductive pads RP2 are both inclined along the same slope. Thus, during the relative movement between the first support SF and the second support SM, namely a rotation of the second support SM in the first support SF, the second network of conductive pads RP2 approaches or moves away from the first network of conductive pads RP1 along the Z axis.
La
Comme l'illustre la
Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 comprend une première portion droite PDR1, qui s'étend, à hauteur constante selon Z, depuis la première portion de court-circuit PCC1, jusqu'à la première portion hélicoïdale PH1. La longueur de la première portion droite PDR1, entre la première portion de court-circuit PCC1 et la première portion hélicoïdale PH1, est environ égale à la longueur d'onde de la structure de guidage. De la même manière, une deuxième portion droite PDR2 s'étend, à hauteur constante selon Z, depuis la deuxième portion de court-circuit PCC2, jusqu'à la première portion hélicoïdale PH1. La structure du deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs PR2, disposé sur le deuxième support SM, est similaire à la structure du premier réseau de plots conducteurs PR1, à savoir : une troisième portion droite PDR3, une deuxième portion hélicoïdale PH2, et une quatrième portion droite PDR4. La longueur de la troisième portion droite PDR3 et la longueur de la quatrième portion droite PDR4 sont telles que, lors de la rotation correspondant à un déphasage maximal (par exemple +180°, ou - 180°), la troisième portion droite PDR3 et la quatrième portion droite PDR4 soient toujours disposés respectivement face à la première portion droite PDR1 et face à la deuxième portion droite PDR2. Ainsi, l'agencement de la première portion droite PDR1 et la quatrième portion droite PDR4 permet d'obtenir une section invariante de la structure de guidage au niveau du port d'entrée PE, et l'agencement de la deuxième portion droite PDR2 et de la troisième portion droite PDR3 permet d'obtenir une section invariante de la structure de guidage au niveau du port de sortie PS, ce qui améliore les performances radioélectriques du déphaseur.The first network of conductive pads RP1 comprises a first straight portion PDR1, which extends, at constant height along Z, from the first short-circuit portion PCC1, to the first helical portion PH1. The length of the first straight portion PDR1, between the first short-circuit portion PCC1 and the first helical portion PH1, is approximately equal to the wavelength of the guide structure. In the same way, a second straight portion PDR2 extends, at constant height along Z, from the second short-circuit portion PCC2, to the first helical portion PH1. The structure of the second network of conductive pads PR2, arranged on the second support SM, is similar to the structure of the first network of conductive pads PR1, namely: a third straight portion PDR3, a second helical portion PH2, and a fourth straight portion PDR4. The length of the third right portion PDR3 and the length of the fourth right portion PDR4 are such that, during the rotation corresponding to a maximum phase shift (for example +180°, or - 180°), the third right portion PDR3 and the fourth straight portion PDR4 are always arranged respectively facing the first straight portion PDR1 and facing the second right portion PDR2. Thus, the arrangement of the first straight portion PDR1 and the fourth straight portion PDR4 makes it possible to obtain an invariant section of the guide structure at the level of the input port PE, and the arrangement of the second straight portion PDR2 and the third straight portion PDR3 makes it possible to obtain an invariant section of the guide structure at the output port PS, which improves the radio performance of the phase shifter.
Les
Comme l'illustre la
La
La rotation du deuxième support SM dans le premier support SF provoque un rapprochement ou un éloignement des portions hélicoïdales du premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2. Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1 et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2 sont couplés à une portion guidée à dimensions constantes TGE au niveau d'un premier accès AC1. Le signal déphasé à la moitié de la valeur souhaité est donc récupéré au niveau du premier accès AC1. La portion guidée à dimensions constantes TGE traverse diamétralement le deuxième support SM sur des plans distincts selon l'axe Z depuis le premier accès AC1 jusqu'à un deuxième accès AC2. La portion guidée à dimensions constantes TGE est représentée sur la
Le changement de plan selon l'axe Z, rendu possible par la portion guidée à dimensions constantes TGE, empêche ainsi toute interférence mécanique entre les différents réseaux de plots conducteurs, pour des déphasages supérieurs à 180°.The change of plane along the Z axis, made possible by the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE, thus prevents any mechanical interference between the different networks of conductive pads, for phase shifts greater than 180°.
Un dispositif de déphasage sur deux plans peut notamment être implémenté lorsque ΔL/R>180°, où ΔL représente la longueur électrique de la structure de guidage dans les parties hélicoïdales, et R représente le rayon du premier support SF et du deuxième support SM (qui sont sensiblement identiques, à la hauteur des plots conducteurs près).A phase shift device on two planes can in particular be implemented when ΔL/R>180°, where ΔL represents the electrical length of the guide structure in the helical parts, and R represents the radius of the first support SF and the second support SM ( which are substantially identical, up to the height of the conductive pads).
Le premier support SF et du deuxième support SM peuvent être obtenus par assemblage mécanique. D'autres moyens tels que la fabrication additive ou l'électroformage peuvent également être envisagés.The first support SF and the second support SM can be obtained by mechanical assembly. Other means such as additive manufacturing or electroforming can also be considered.
Le dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention peut, en variante, être réalisé avec des supports plans. Il s'agit de la vue développée au périmètre du mode de réalisation cylindrique illustré par la
Le premier support SF" et le deuxième support SM" sont de forme plane et situés l'un au-dessus de l'autre avec une hauteur constante. La hauteur constante correspond à la hauteur des plots conducteurs, avec toutefois un jeu entre l'extrémité de chaque plot et le support opposé qui lui fait face, afin de permettre un mouvement relatif sans contact du deuxième support SM" par rapport au premier support SF" le long d'un axe de translation X. Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1" est disposé sur le premier support SF", et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2" est disposé sur le deuxième support SM". Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1" et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2"sont ainsi disposés entre deux plaques formées par le premier support SF" et le deuxième support SM". Le port d'entrée PE et le port de sortie PS sont disposés au niveau du premier support SF". En particulier, le port d'entrée PE et le port de sortie PS peuvent être matérialisés par des accès guidés. Une première portion de court-circuit PCC1" est disposée à proximité du port d'entrée PE, et une deuxième portion de court-circuit PCC2" est disposée à proximité du port de sortie PS. Le premier réseau de plots conducteurs RP1" comprend deux premières portions rectilignes PRE1, PRE2, parallèles à l'axe de translation X. Les deux premières portions rectilignes (PRE1, PRE2) sont reliées entre elles par leurs extrémités à une première portion inclinée PI1 selon un angle prédéterminé θ par rapport à l'axe de translation X. L'angle prédéterminé θ correspond à la pente prédéterminée dans le mode de réalisation cylindrique. L'angle prédéterminé θ fixe la variation du grand côté « a » en fonction de la longueur « L », de la même manière que la raideur de la pente dans le mode de réalisation cylindrique. Le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs RP2" comprend deux deuxièmes portions rectilignes (PRE3, PRE4) parallèles à l'axe de translation X. Les deux deuxièmes portions rectilignes (PRE3, PRE4) sont reliées entre elles par leurs extrémités à une deuxième portion inclinée PI2 selon l'angle prédéterminé (θ) par rapport à l'axe de translation X. Les portions inclinées (PI1, PI2) sont distantes des ports d'entrée et de sortie d'une distance supérieure à la longueur d'onde de la structure de guidage, de façon à éviter un phénomène de couplage du champ électromagnétique.The first support SF" and the second support SM" are planar in shape and located one above the other with a constant height. The constant height corresponds to the height of the conductive pads, with however a clearance between the end of each pad and the opposite support which faces it, in order to allow relative movement without contact of the second support SM" relative to the first support SF "along a translation axis The first network of conductive pads RP1" and the second network of conductive pads RP2" are thus arranged between two plates formed by the first support SF" and the second support SM". The input port PE and the output port PS are arranged at the level of the first support SF". In particular, the input port PE and the output port PS can be materialized by guided accesses. A first portion of short -circuit PCC1" is arranged near the input port PE, and a second short-circuit portion PCC2" is arranged near the output port PS The first network of conductive pads RP1" comprises two first rectilinear portions PRE1, PRE2, parallel to the translation axis predetermined θ corresponds to the predetermined slope in the cylindrical embodiment. The predetermined angle θ fixes the variation of the long side “a” as a function of the length “L”, in the same way as the steepness of the slope in the cylindrical embodiment. The second network of conductive pads RP2" comprises two second rectilinear portions (PRE3, PRE4) parallel to the translation axis according to the predetermined angle (θ) relative to the translation axis guidance, so as to avoid a coupling phenomenon of the electromagnetic field.
La première portion inclinée PI1 et la deuxième portion inclinée PI2 sont parallèles l'une à l'autre. Lorsque le deuxième support SM" se déplace par rapport au premier support SF" dans un mouvement de translation selon l'axe X, le grand côté « a » varie. Dans l'exemple de la
La structure de guidage forme un guide d'ondes à plaques parallèles, dont les réseaux de plots conducteurs permettent de canaliser les ondes électromagnétiques en limitant les fuites.The guide structure forms a waveguide with parallel plates, whose networks of conductive pads make it possible to channel the electromagnetic waves while limiting leaks.
La
Les
Lorsqu'ils sont plans, le deuxième support SM" peut être placé sur un chariot mobile, en translation par rapport au premier support SF". Le dispositif de déphasage selon le mode de réalisation plan peut être fabriqué selon les techniques conventionnelles d'usinage.When they are flat, the second support SM" can be placed on a movable carriage, in translation relative to the first support SF". The phase shift device according to the plan embodiment can be manufactured using conventional machining techniques.
Les
Le deuxième support SM' est mobile en rotation autour du premier support SF'. Le port d'entrée PE' et le port de sortie PS' sont disposés sur le premier support SF', et coaxiaux à l'axe Z, comme l'illustre plus spécifiquement la
Une première portion de court-circuit PCC1' est disposée à proximité du port d'entrée PE', et configurée pour contraindre la propagation des signaux radiofréquence depuis le port d'entrée PE' vers la structure de guidage. De même, une deuxième portion de court-circuit PCC2'est disposée à proximité du port de sortie PS', et configurée pour contraindre la propagation des signaux radiofréquence depuis la structure de guidage vers le port de sortie PS'. Des portions de court-circuit (PCC3', PCC4') permettent de canaliser les ondes électromagnétiques du signal radiofréquence à proximité des accès menant à la portion guidée à dimensions constantes TGE'. Les réseaux de plots conducteurs ne sont pas représentés pour des raisons de lisibilité des dessins. Ils sont également constitués de portions hélicoïdales, et peuvent également comprendre des portions droites, de part et d'autre de la portion hélicoïdale, afin de garantir une section invariante de la structure de guidage en cas de rotation du deuxième support SM'.A first short-circuit portion PCC1' is arranged near the input port PE', and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the input port PE' towards the guide structure. Likewise, a second short-circuit portion PCC2' is arranged near the output port PS', and configured to constrain the propagation of radio frequency signals from the guide structure to the output port PS'. Short-circuit portions (PCC3', PCC4') make it possible to channel the electromagnetic waves of the radiofrequency signal near the accesses leading to the guided portion with constant dimensions TGE'. The networks of conductive pads are not shown for reasons of readability of the drawings. They are also made up of helical portions, and can also include straight portions, on either side of the helical portion, in order to guarantee an invariant section of the guide structure in the event of rotation of the second support SM'.
La rotation du deuxième support SM' crée un allongement ou un raccourcissement de la longueur « L » de la structure de guidage. La variation du grand côté « a » peut être obtenue par la forme hélicoïdale de la zone guidée entre le rotor et le stator. L'aménagement axial du port d'entrée PE' et du port de sortie PS' peut être imposé par des contraintes d'intégration et d'aménagement du dispositif de déphasage par rapport à d'autres composants.The rotation of the second support SM' creates an lengthening or shortening of the length "L" of the guide structure. The variation of the long side “a” can be obtained by the helical shape of the guided zone between the rotor and the stator. The axial arrangement of the input port PE' and the output port PS' may be imposed by integration and arrangement constraints of the phase shift device in relation to other components.
Il est possible de doubler la valeur maximale de déphasage dans le mode de réalisation illustré par les
En variante, le dispositif de déphasage selon l'invention, la variation du grand côté « a » peut être obtenue par un dispositif mécanique à pion. Les
L'évidement EV peut avoir une forme linéaire, et ainsi être incliné selon une pente prédéterminée, qui correspond à la pente et à l'angle décrits dans les modes de réalisation précédents.The recess EV can have a linear shape, and thus be inclined according to a predetermined slope, which corresponds to the slope and the angle described in the previous embodiments.
En variante, l'évidement peut avoir une forme incurvée de sorte provoquer une variation non linéaire du grand côté « a » de la structure de guidage. Ainsi, une éventuelle non linéarité naturelle du dispositif de déphasage peut être compensée lors de la rotation du deuxième support SM‴. Un déphasage constant est garanti pour un pas de rotation donné (par exemple exactement dix pas de moteur pour déphaser de 5°, et exactement dix pas de moteur supplémentaires pour déphaser de 10°). Le travail de l'utilisateur est ainsi simplifié.Alternatively, the recess may have a curved shape so as to cause a non-linear variation of the long side "a" of the guide structure. Thus, a possible natural non-linearity of the phase shift device can be compensated during the rotation of the second support SM‴. A constant phase shift is guaranteed for a given rotation step (for example exactly ten motor steps to shift phase by 5°, and exactly ten additional motor steps to shift phase by 10°). The user's work is thus simplified.
En particulier, le pion peut être constitué d'une bille, et l'évidement EV peut être par exemple un cylindre creux de hauteur égale au diamètre de la bille. La rotation du deuxième support SM'" entraîne le déplacement du pion PO dans l'évidement EV, et, par le biais d'un mécanisme d'indexage du pion PO, un mouvement de translation du deuxième support SM'" parallèlement à l'axe de rotation. Les réseaux de plots conducteurs délimitant la structure de guidage sont disposés de façon annulaire entre le premier support SF'" et le deuxième support SM‴. L'espacement entre le premier réseau de plots conducteurs et le deuxième réseau de plots conducteurs (grand côté « a ») varie lors de la rotation du deuxième support SM‴. Une portion guidée à dimensions constantes, de type guide à escalier, peut avantageusement être aménagée dans le deuxième support SM‴, de façon à doubler la valeur de déphasage maximale.In particular, the pin can consist of a ball, and the recess EV can for example be a hollow cylinder of height equal to the diameter of the ball. There rotation of the second support SM'" causes the movement of the pin PO in the recess EV, and, through an indexing mechanism of the pin PO, a translation movement of the second support SM'" parallel to the axis of rotation. The networks of conductive pads delimiting the guide structure are arranged in an annular manner between the first support SF'" and the second support SM‴. The spacing between the first network of conductive pads and the second network of conductive pads (long side "a") varies during the rotation of the second support SM‴ A guided portion of constant dimensions, of the staircase guide type, can advantageously be arranged in the second support SM‴, so as to double the maximum phase shift value.
Pour la réalisation du mouvement de rotation, un moteur ou motoréducteur de type pas à pas peut avantageusement positionner, selon un angle souhaité, le deuxième support dans le premier support, ou autour du premier support selon le mode de réalisation envisagé, avec une résolution suffisante permettant un réglage fin du déphasage du signal radio fréquence. Un dispositif d'asservissement pourrait avantageusement réaliser une boucle entre la phase souhaitée et la position relative du deuxième support vi s à vis du premier support.To achieve the rotational movement, a stepping motor or gear motor can advantageously position, at a desired angle, the second support in the first support, or around the first support depending on the embodiment envisaged, with sufficient resolution allowing fine adjustment of the phase shift of the radio frequency signal. A servo device could advantageously create a loop between the desired phase and the relative position of the second support with respect to the first support.
Pour des fréquences hautes, la masse du premier support et du deuxième support sont réduites, de sorte que l'utilisation de paliers à roulement n'est pas nécessaire dans le moteur. Ainsi, le dispositif de déphasage pourrait être intégré dans le moteur, qui pourrait permettre, par un propre dispositif de guidage interne, la rotation du deuxième support dans ou autour du premier support.For high frequencies, the mass of the first support and the second support are reduced, so that the use of rolling bearings is not necessary in the motor. Thus, the phase shift device could be integrated into the motor, which could allow, through its own internal guiding device, the rotation of the second support in or around the first support.
Le dispositif de déphasage précédemment décrit permet d'obtenir un déphasage quasi-constant au degré près sur toute une largeur de bande (typiquement 15%), ce qui confère un caractère large bande au dispositif de déphasage.The phase shift device described above makes it possible to obtain a phase shift that is quasi-constant to the nearest degree over an entire bandwidth (typically 15%), which gives a wide-band character to the phase shift device.
Claims (10)
- A device for phase-shifting a radiofrequency signal, comprising a first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) and a second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM"'), the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) and the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴) being mounted so as to allow relative translational or rotational movement, an input port (PE) and an output port (PS) for radiofrequency signals being formed on the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF"'), wherein the phase-shifting device comprises:a first array of conductive pads (RP1, RP1', RP1") that are distributed over the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) and extend from the input port (PE),a second array of conductive pads (RP2, RP2', RP2") that are distributed over the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴),the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴), the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴), the first array of conductive pads (RP1, RP1', RP1") and the second array of conductive pads (RP2, RP2', RP2") being arranged to form a structure for guiding radiofrequency signals of variable length and having a rectangular cross section that connects the input port (PE) and the output port (PS), the first array of conductive pads (RP1, RP1', RP1") and the second array of conductive pads (RP2, RP2', RP2") being configured such that the cross section and the length of the guide structure are modified, over at least a portion of the propagation path for the radiofrequency signals through the guide structure, as the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) moves relative to the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴),characterised in that the coupling device comprises a guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE, TGE', TGE") at a first access (AC1, AC1', AC1"), a third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3', RP3") and a fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4', RP4"), and the first array of conductive pads (RP1, RP1', RP1") and the second array of conductive pads (RP2, RP2', RP2") being coupled to the guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE, TGE', TGE") at a first access (AC1, AC1', AC1"),the guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE, TGE', TGE") being coupled, at a second access (AC2, AC2', AC2"), to the third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3', RP3") and to the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4', RP4"), the third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3', RP3") and the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4', RP4") being arranged on the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) and the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴), respectively,the guide structure being also formed by the third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3', RP3") and by the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4', RP4") such that the cross section of the guide structure is modified, at the third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3', RP3") and the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4', RP4"), as the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) moves relative to the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴).
- The device according to claim 1, wherein the second carrier (SM, SM') and the first carrier (SF, SF') are shaped as cylinders about one and the same axis Z,the first carrier (SF, SF') and the second carrier (SM, SM') being configured to be able to rotate with respect to one another about the axis Z,the first array of conductive pads (RP1) comprising a first helical portion (PH1) of axis Z,the second array of conductive pads (RP2) comprising a second helical portion (PH2) of axis Z,the first helical portion (PH1) and the second helical portion (PH2) being inclined by one and the same predetermined slope.
- The device according to claim 3, wherein the first array of conductive pads (RP1) and the second array of conductive pads (RP2) each comprise two straight portions (PDR1, PDR2, PDR3, PDR4) which are mostly included in planes that are orthogonal to the axis Z and are arranged on either side of the first helical portion (PH1) and the second helical portion (PH2), respectively.
- The device according to one of claims 2 or 3, the second carrier (SM) being configured to be able to rotate within the first carrier (SF) about the axis Z,
the guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE) passing diametrically through the second carrier (SM) on distinct planes along the axis Z from the first access (AC1) to the second access (AC2). - The device according to one of claims 2 or 3, the second carrier (SM') being configured to be able to rotate about the first carrier (SF'),the input port (PE') and the output port (PS') being coaxial to the axis Z,the input port (PE') being connected to the first array of conductive pads (RP1) and to the second array of conductive pads (RP2) via a first elbowed guide (GC1),the output port (PS') being connected to the third array of conductive pads (RP3) and to the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4) via a second elbowed guide (GC2),the guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE') being arranged on at least a portion of the annular periphery of the second carrier (SM').
- The device according to one of claims 2 to 5, the third array of conductive pads (RP3, RP3') comprising a third helical portion and a fourth array of conductive pads (RP4, RP4') comprising a fourth helical portion, the third helical portion and the fourth helical portion being inclined by the predetermined slope and being coupled at their end to the output port (PS).
- The device according to claim 1, the second carrier (SM"') and the first carrier (SF‴) being shaped as cylinders about one and the same axis Z, the second carrier (SM‴) being configured to be able to rotate within the first carrier (SF‴),a pin (PO) being arranged in a recess (EV) in the second carrier (SM‴),the pin (PO) and the recess (EV) being configured such that the rotation of the second carrier (SM"') about the axis Z results in a translational movement of the second carrier (SM‴).
- The device according to claim 7, the recess (EV) having a curved shape, the curved shape being configured to compensate for a nonlinearity in the phase variation as the second carrier (SM"') rotates about the axis Z.
- The device according to claim 1, the second carrier (SM") and the first carrier (SF") being planar in shape and located one above the other with a constant height, the second carrier (SM") being able to move relative to the first carrier (SF") along an axis of translation (X),the first array of conductive pads (RP1") comprising two first rectilinear portions (PRE1, PRE2) that run parallel to the axis of translation (X), the two first rectilinear portions (PRE1, PRE2) being connected to one another by their ends to a first inclined portion (PI1) at a predetermined angle (θ) relative to the axis of translation (X),the second array of conductive pads (RP2") comprising two second rectilinear portions (PRE3, PRE4) that run parallel to the axis of translation, the two second rectilinear portions (PRE3, PRE4) being connected to one another by their ends at a second inclined portion (PI2) at the predetermined angle (θ) relative to the axis of translation (X),the third array of conductive pads (RP3") and the fourth array of conductive pads (RP4") being arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane (PM) including the axis of translation (X), the input port (PE") and the output port (PS") being arranged symmetrically on either side of the median plane (PM),the guided portion of constant dimensions (TGE") being arranged under the second carrier (SM"), on the side opposite the first carrier (SF").
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the guide structure is a parallel-plate waveguide formed by a portion of the first carrier (SF, SF', SF", SF‴) that is devoid of pads and has no pads facing it, and by a portion of the second carrier (SM, SM', SM", SM‴) that is devoid of pads and has no pads facing it.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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FR1872664A FR3089696B1 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Wideband guided wave mechanical phase shifting device |
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EP3667808A1 EP3667808A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
EP3667808B1 true EP3667808B1 (en) | 2024-05-29 |
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US (1) | US11539126B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3667808B1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5276455A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1994-01-04 | The Boeing Company | Packaging architecture for phased arrays |
US5999128A (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-12-07 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multibeam phased array antennas and methods |
US7688268B1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2010-03-30 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Multi-band antenna system |
WO2010050122A1 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | High-frequency waveguide and phase shifter using same, radiator, electronic device which uses this phase shifter and radiator, antenna device, and electronic device equipped with same |
FR2977381B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-06-06 | Alcatel Lucent | DEHASTER AND POWER DISTRIBUTOR |
JP6506265B2 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2019-04-24 | 桐野 秀樹 | Waveguide and device using the same |
EP3147994B1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2019-04-03 | Gapwaves AB | Waveguides and transmission lines in gaps between parallel conducting surfaces |
CN109802234B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2023-09-29 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Base station antenna and phase-shift feed device |
CN112563689A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-26 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Phase shifter |
EP3819985B1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2024-04-24 | Carrier Corporation | Microstrip patch antenna with increased bandwidth |
-
2018
- 2018-12-11 FR FR1872664A patent/FR3089696B1/en active Active
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- 2019-12-06 US US16/706,495 patent/US11539126B2/en active Active
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FR3089696A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 |
EP3667808A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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