EP3641996B1 - Installation and method for producing glued plant particles - Google Patents

Installation and method for producing glued plant particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3641996B1
EP3641996B1 EP18750376.8A EP18750376A EP3641996B1 EP 3641996 B1 EP3641996 B1 EP 3641996B1 EP 18750376 A EP18750376 A EP 18750376A EP 3641996 B1 EP3641996 B1 EP 3641996B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
plant
plant particles
air
comminution
Prior art date
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EP18750376.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3641996A1 (en
Inventor
Hans W. Fechner
Michael SCHÖLER
Jochem BERNS
Rolf Trummel
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00Pretreatment of moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/20Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/38Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy in apparatus having multiple crushing or disintegrating zones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C9/02Cutting or splitting grain
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C9/04Systems or sequences of operations; Plant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B07B9/02Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27KPROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/0218Mixing the material with binding agent in rotating drums
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/02Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B07B4/06Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall using revolving drums
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for the production of glued plant particles, in particular from annual plants, for the production of panels, e.g. B. fiberboard or chipboard, with at least one comminution device for comminuting plant starting material into scatterable plant particles and with a gluing device for gluing the plant particles.
  • panels e.g. B. fiberboard or chipboard
  • the vegetable raw material is lignocellulosic raw material, e.g. B. wood. It is particularly preferred, however, to use lignocellulose-containing starting material from so-called annual plants, ie those plants which only require one vegetation period from germination of the seed through the development of the entire plant, flower formation, fertilization to the maturity of the new seed. Examples of such fast-growing plants are cereal plants (or the straw that arises from them), e.g. B. rice or rice straw, but also bamboo, as well as bagasse, reeds or pile cane. Dispersible particles from such plants or plant raw material are used in practice for the production of panels, eg. B.
  • chipboard or fiberboard is used by gluing the scatterable plant particles with a binder or glue and then pressed in a press to form panels.
  • Annual plants (especially the straw that arise from them) are used as an advantageous alternative to conventional wood.
  • z. B. the need in classic agricultural cultivation, z. B. Rice cultivation, to use the remaining straw after the harvest and not - as was customary up to now - to leave it in the fields or to burn it, but to use it for the production of fiberboard or chipboard.
  • the possibility of material panels based on straw, e.g. B. rice straw, produce is z. B. in the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 and the DE 10 2015 120 653 A1 , which discloses the preamble of claim 1, described.
  • Suitable scatterable particles chips or fibers
  • shredding devices e.g. straw
  • both particles from wood and particles from annual plants e.g. straw
  • a scatter belt conveyor can be sprinkled and fed to a press, wherein the grit mat is pressed in the press using pressure and heat to form a plate.
  • the press can be a cyclic press (e.g. a single or multi-daylight press) or a continuously operating press.
  • the above-mentioned spreading devices are known from the prior art, with which a grit mat is generated on a scatter belt conveyor, this grit mat being fed to a press in which the grit mat is pressed into a plate using pressure and heat.
  • a scattering device for generating such a grit mat from glued particles is z. B. from the US 2003/0066168 A1 known.
  • a wind sifter can be integrated into this spreading device or opening device.
  • a device for air sifting mixed with binding agent chips or fibers is z. B. also from the DE 198 35 419 A1 known.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a system and a method with which or with which glued plant particles, in particular from annual plants, can be produced in an economical manner for the production of panels (e.g. fiberboard or chipboard).
  • panels e.g. fiberboard or chipboard.
  • the problems caused by silicates should be reduced or minimized.
  • the invention teaches, in accordance with claim 1, that in a generic plant for the production of glued plant particles for the production of panels between the comminuting device and the gluing device, at least one first separating device, in particular a viewing device for separating (or separating) of silicate particles from the plant particles or the plant particle flow is arranged.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that plates such. B. fiberboard or chipboard, not only economically with high quality from wood, but especially from annual plants that can be produced store or absorb a high proportion of mineral silicates during growth.
  • the invention has recognized that these silicates stored during growth can be separated or deposited from the plant particles during the production of the glued plant particles, which form the base material for the production of the panels, so that in particular wear problems in the system components during the production of Plates can be avoided and costly measures to improve wear protection in the systems can be dispensed with.
  • the quality of the panels is significantly improved by reducing the amount of silicate.
  • silicates or silicate particles mean in particular the silicates / silicate particles embedded in the plants or their fibers or cells during growth, which are released by comminution of the plants and / or by opening up the fibers.
  • silicate particles mean those with a diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably up to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the sifter for separating the silicate particles from the vegetable particle flow is designed as an air sifter.
  • an air flow e.g. cross flow
  • the plant particles being removed with the air flow via an air outlet and the plant particles (as well as foreign bodies, if applicable) being picked up by gravity from a particle holder located below the air outlet and used as a product for further processing can be carried out.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the plant material such. B. straw or the like, stored silicates can be effectively separated from the plant particles intended for further processing with the help of an air classifier.
  • the silicates in the plant material e.g. B. in straw particles or the like in proportion of uniform size and shape, namely in a spherical shape inside the plant cells with a small diameter of usually less than 50 microns, e.g. B. about 5 microns to 20 microns, while the plant fiber particles intended for panel production are significantly larger.
  • the silicate particles are reliably entrained by the air flow introduced into the sifter due to their small and essentially uniform size, so that they can be discharged with the air flow via an air outlet, while the remaining particles, i.e.
  • the plant particles intended for further processing fall down and can be absorbed or removed in a suitable particle holder.
  • This separation succeeds with surprisingly high efficiency.
  • the silicate particles due to their very small (and uniform) dimensions, form an aerosol together with the air flow, so that the silicate particles are reliably transported as solid suspended particles in the air flow (or another gas flow).
  • the air (or another gas) consequently forms a carrier gas for the silicate particles.
  • the sifter which is designed as an air sifter, can preferably have an (upper) material inlet for the supply of the plant particles and an air inlet arranged below the material inlet.
  • an air outlet is provided through which the supplied air (or another gas) with the silicate particles can be discharged.
  • the particle holder is provided below the air outlet.
  • the plant particles introduced into a sifter housing from above via a material inlet are consequently preferably acted upon by the air flow in a cross flow. In principle, however, there is also the alternative of supplying the sifting air from below and z. B. to work in the upstream.
  • the air inlet it is possible to blow the supply air into the safety housing with a supply air fan via the air inlet.
  • a suction fan is connected to the air outlet.
  • the air inlet preferably in a suitable manner with protective measures, eg. B. a protective grille and / or a rain cover can be provided.
  • protective measures eg. B. a protective grille and / or a rain cover can be provided.
  • the air classifier in a preferred development has a coarse material receptacle which is also arranged below the air outlet and which is arranged upstream of the particle receptacle in the direction of flow.
  • Large and heavy foreign objects e.g. B. stones that get into the viewing device with the plant particles can be separated in this way and removed via the coarse material receptacle, so that in this embodiment there is a separation into three fractions (coarse material / stones, plant particles, silicate particles).
  • the material is comminuted so that the chambers within the vegetable material in which the silicate particles are stored are broken open and release the silicate so that it can be separated in the manner described.
  • the silicate is separated off in two stages. It means that Between the first sifting device (for a first silicate separation) and the gluing device a second comminuting device is arranged, in which the plant particles are further comminuted and that a second sifting device (for a second silicate separation) is arranged between this second comminuting device and the gluing device.
  • the starting material e.g. B. straw
  • a coarse shredding device e.g. B. in a straw chopper.
  • the z. B. can be designed as a mill, preferably as a hammer mill or the like.
  • a large number of chambers in which silicates are contained are broken open, so that after this first crushing, which can be done with several different crushing devices, a first silicate separation in the manner described is advantageous .
  • the second shredding device can be designed as a fiberizing device or fiberizing system for producing plant particles which are designed as plant fibers.
  • a defibering plant has, in particular, a refiner in which the chip-like particles are broken down into fibers in a basically known manner.
  • the wood cells or plant cells in which the silicate particles are embedded are further or completely broken up, so that in this second stage (again) silicates are released, which are then separated in the second viewing device.
  • the interesting one is The fact that the first sighting device and the second sighting device can be adapted in terms of dimensioning and flow properties to the respective conditions and in particular the particle properties, so that particularly efficient silicate separation is possible in two stages. This two-step procedure is particularly advantageous in the production of vegetable fibers for the production of fiberboard, e.g. B. MDF panels.
  • the two-stage separation of silicate particles can, however, also be useful in the production of straw chips or the like for the production of chipboard if there is no defibration in a refiner or the like.
  • a multi-stage comminution is also useful in the production of chips, so that the second comminution device can then e.g. B. can be designed as a suitable mill, so that the second comminution can take place in one grinding process.
  • the second shredding device can not be designed as a refiner, but alternatively mechanically, e.g. B. as a mill.
  • the preferably provided second viewing device can basically be designed in the same way as the first viewing device described. It may be appropriate to provide a separation into three fractions (including the separation of foreign bodies) in the first sifting device and only a separation into two fractions in the second sifting device, so that there, for. B. on an additional coarse material intake as a "stone trap" can be dispensed with.
  • the first and / or second viewing device is - as described - preferably with a particle holder, e.g. B. for plant particles equipped.
  • a particle holder e.g. B. for plant particles equipped.
  • several (in the direction of flow) can be arranged one behind the other Particle receptacles or a particle receptacle with several receptacle zones arranged one behind the other can be provided.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a division (of the plant particles) into several (useful) fractions is optionally possible.
  • the location and / or length (along the flow direction) of one or more particle receptacles or receptacle zones (variably) is / are adjustable, namely during assembly and / or during commissioning and / or during operation. This can be z. B. can be realized by adjustable baffles in the area of the particle receptacles.
  • the viewing device which works in the manner described preferably as a wind viewing device, has a housing which, for. B. can be designed in a very simple embodiment as a box-shaped housing.
  • a box-shaped housing can, for. B. have the shape of a cuboid or the like, wherein preferably at least the material inlet and the air inlet extend over (substantially) the entire width of the housing.
  • the material inlet can e.g. B. be integrated into the (upper) ceiling of the box-shaped housing, based on the flow direction in the front area of the ceiling, so that the material falls from above into the box-shaped housing.
  • the air inlet can be integrated into the front wall of the housing in a very simple embodiment, namely z. B.
  • the air outlet can e.g. B. be integrated into the rear wall opposite the front wall or be arranged in the region of the rear wall, for example also in the upper region of this rear wall.
  • the particle receptacle and / or the coarse material receptacle is / are consequently arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the box-shaped housing, so that the Plant particles and / or the coarse material are received in the lower region of the box-shaped housing. From there it can be discharged downwards or laterally out of the housing.
  • a chute or can be connected to such, can also rollers, for. B. opening rollers to be integrated to z. B. dissolve the material to be introduced.
  • the material in the inlet can be divided up so that several "curtains" are created from the particles.
  • feed devices, feed screws in the area of the material inlet.
  • a discharge device can be integrated or a discharge device can be connected to this particle holder, which z. B. may have one or more discharge screws.
  • other discharge devices such. B.
  • a viewing device whose (box-shaped) housing is made from one or more ISO freight containers is characterized by a particularly simple structure and particularly economical transport. So the housing z. B. from several, z. B. two or three standard containers arranged one above the other are produced, which are preferably 40 ft. B. can also be designed as a high-cube container. In this case, the width and length of the separator housing are defined by the width and length of the standard container.
  • the invention is based on the surprising knowledge that, despite such a simple structure with high efficiency, silicate particles are economical can be separated from the particle stream.
  • the housing can be transported to the place of use in a modular manner and finished there. The housing or the container can then (retrospectively) still be equipped with conventional maintenance platforms or the like, which z. B. placed on the outside of the containers and / or attached.
  • a gluing device can be designed in a basically known manner.
  • a gluing device is used, which is designed as a drum mixer and z. B. in the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 is described. It is a continuously operating mixing device, which has a mixing chamber and one or more mixing tools attached to a rotating mixer shaft. B. mix fibers with the binder and convey in a conveying direction through the mixing chamber.
  • Such a mixing device can preferably be operated with a particularly high centrifugal acceleration.
  • the system described relates to the production of the glued plant particles such. B. glued fibers or chips, which are particularly intended for the production of fiberboard or chipboard.
  • the production of the glued plant particles is consequently placed under protection in isolation (without the subsequent pressing process).
  • the invention also relates to a system for Manufacture of panels, e.g. B. chipboard or fiberboard, made of such glued plant particles.
  • Such a system for producing panels consequently comprises on the one hand the system already described for producing the glued plant particles and additionally at least one spreading device downstream of the gluing device for producing a grit mat from the glued plant particles and a press downstream of the spreading device in which the grit mat using Pressure and / or heat is pressed into a plate.
  • the press can be a cycle press, e.g. B. a single-daylight press or multi-daylight press.
  • the press is a continuously operating press that z. B. can be designed as a double belt press, such a double belt press an upper press plate and a lower press plate and in the press upper part and in the press lower part each endlessly rotating press belts, for. B. has steel strips, which with the interposition of rolling element units, z. B. roller bars, support on the press plates, the upper press plate and / or the lower press plate is / are acted upon by press cylinders.
  • the invention also relates not only to the systems described, but also to a method according to claim 12 for the production of panels from plant particles, e.g. B. from plant fibers or plant shavings, with a system of the type described, where plant particles are produced from plant starting material, in particular from annual plants (e.g. straw), by crushing and these are then glued, with from the glued plant particles produce a grit mat and this is pressed into a plate in a press.
  • plant particles e.g. B. from plant fibers or plant shavings
  • the system described and the process described can in principle be used for the processing of plant particles from wood and consequently for the processing of wood fibers or wood chips.
  • a particularly effective use of this straw can take place in the course of the production of fiberboard or chipboard, namely because of the described precipitation of the silicate components and the avoidance of the problems previously observed in the processing of such materials.
  • Fig. 1 is a system shown with the glued plant particles, z. B. glued fibers from annual plants, e.g. B. made of straw and particularly preferably rice straw and these are pressed into plates.
  • the straw provided as starting material M is after a pre-shredding in z. B. a straw chopper 1 in a first shredding device 2, which is designed as a hammer mill 2 in the embodiment.
  • the material produced in this first shredding device 2 is fed to a first classifying device 3, which forms a first classifying stage for separating silicate particles from the straw particles.
  • This first viewing device 3 is enlarged in FIG Figures 2 to 5 which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the straw particles are introduced into the sifter housing 5 via an upper material inlet 4 and an air stream (supply air Z) is applied in the sifter housing.
  • the sifter 3 has a front, upper air inlet 6 and a rear, upper air outlet 7.
  • a particle receptacle 8 for the straw particles P from which the silicate S has been removed is provided below the air outlet 7.
  • Upstream of the particle receptacle 8 in the direction of flow is a coarse material receptacle 9 for receiving foreign bodies, e.g. B. stones or The same coarse material G.
  • the silicate particles S are entrained by the air flow due to their very small and uniform size and discharged via the air outlet 7, while the plant particles intended for further processing, e.g. B. straw particles P due to gravity in the area of the particle receptacle 8 and are removed from there.
  • the plant particles intended for further processing e.g. B. straw particles P due to gravity in the area of the particle receptacle 8 and are removed from there.
  • the straw particles freed from silicate in this way to a gluing device and then pressing the glued particles into a plate in a press after a mat of grit has been formed.
  • the straw particles freed from silicate in the first sifting stage are fed to a second shredding device 10 in a further step - possibly after being temporarily stored in a bunker 13.
  • this second shredding device is designed as a fiberizing device in which straw fibers for the production of fiberboard are produced from the straw particles.
  • This fiberizing device 10 can in a fundamentally known manner have a merely indicated digester 11 in which the particles z. B. be softened with excess steam pressure. This is followed in a basically known manner by a refiner 12 in which the softened particles are ground into fibers. The fibers ground in this way reach z. B. via a (not shown) blowline after appropriate drying in the embodiment shown not directly in the area of a gluing device, but before the gluing takes place in a second viewing device 14, a renewed separation of silicate particles from the straw particles or the straw fibers now produced.
  • second viewing device 14 is again designed as a wind sifter. It is basically constructed in the same way and functions in the same way as the first sighting device 3 already described, with the coarse material pick-up or stone trap possibly being dispensed with in the area of the second sighting device.
  • silicate particles S are again discharged via an air outlet 7 and disposed of or used for other processes.
  • the straw fibers P freed from silicate S are in turn discharged via the particle receiver 8 and, if necessary, after being temporarily stored in a bunker 20, fed to a gluing device 15.
  • a gluing device 15 is only shown in the drawing as an example.
  • this gluing device 15 is designed as a gluing mixer which, in its construction and mode of operation, is similar to that shown in FIG DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 corresponds to the mixing device described.
  • this glue mixer z. B. gluing the straw fibers with an isocyanate or other glue.
  • the glued straw fibers produced in this way and freed from silicate are now available for the production of fiberboard.
  • you will e.g. B. is fed to a scattering device 22 via a fiber sifter 21 in which lumps of glue or the like are separated.
  • the glued straw fibers are placed on z. B. a scatter belt conveyor 23 and from there they may go after a further pretreatment, z. B. in a prepress 24, in a hot press 25, in which the grit mat made of glued straw fibers is pressed into a fiber board.
  • the press 25 can be, for. B. to act a continuously operating press 25 in the embodiment as a double belt press.
  • the viewing device 3 or 14 is of particular importance for separating silicate particles from the particle stream of straw particles or straw fibers. This viewing device is in the Figures 2 and 5 shown.
  • the viewing device 3 or 14 is designed as a wind sifter.
  • this has a box-shaped housing 5 with the material inlet 4, the air inlet 6, the air outlet 7 and the particle receptacle 8 and the coarse material receptacle 9.
  • An upper chute 16, in which opening rollers 17 are arranged, is connected to the material inlet 4.
  • feed screws 18 are indicated, via which the respective material is fed to the material inlet 4.
  • the material inlet 4 extends essentially over the entire width of the separator housing 5, with the material inlet 4 being integrated into the upper ceiling of the separator housing in the illustrated embodiment, so that the material falls into the separator housing from above.
  • the air inlet 6 is integrated in the upper area of the front wall of the separator housing.
  • This air inlet 6 can also extend over the entire width of the separator housing 5.
  • the air outlet 7 is arranged, which also extends over the entire width of the separator housing and then merges into at least one outlet line 27 with a reduced diameter, whereby the disruptive silicate particles S with the air flow via this line or lines 27 be discharged.
  • discharge screws 29 are provided in the area of the lower particle receptacle 8, with which the straw particles P from which the silicate has been removed are discharged and discharge lines are supplied.
  • Fig. 5 the flow conditions in the classifier are shown. It can be seen that, due to their small dimensions, the silicate particles S are carried away with the air flow via the upper air outlet 7 in the manner of an aerosol, while the straw particles P fall down due to gravity and fall into the area of the particle receptacle 8. Coarse material G, e.g. B. stones fall immediately after entering the housing 5 in the area of the coarse material receptacle 9, which is also referred to as a "stone trap".
  • Coarse material G e.g. B. stones fall immediately after entering the housing 5 in the area of the coarse material receptacle 9, which is also referred to as a "stone trap".
  • the flow within the sifter is implemented via a suction device, i. H. Suction fans are connected to the air outlet, so that the supply air Z is, as it were, supplied passively via the air inlet 6.
  • a suction device i. H.
  • Suction fans are connected to the air outlet, so that the supply air Z is, as it were, supplied passively via the air inlet 6.
  • fresh air is supplied in the first sifting stage, while in the second sifting stage the sifting air is guided in the circuit (not shown) so that the humidity can be kept constant in this stage of the process after the defibering.
  • the sifter housing in the embodiment shown is made in a very simple manner from several ISO freight containers, namely from three standard containers 28 arranged one above the other, each 40 ft in length.
  • Such a design has the great advantage that the individual components can be done.
  • the air inlet 6 can, for. B. can be implemented very easily by opening the container doors.
  • a grille or the like can be integrated into the inlet in order to prevent foreign bodies from entering.
  • a rain protection 26 can be arranged above the inlet 6.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln, insbesondere aus Einjahrespflanzen, für die Herstellung von Platten, z. B. Faserplatten oder Spanplatten, mit zumindest einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zur Zerkleinerung von pflanzlichem Ausgangsmaterial zu streufähigen Pflanzenpartikeln und mit einer Beleimungsvorrichtung zum Beleimen der Pflanzenpartikel.The invention relates to a system and a method for the production of glued plant particles, in particular from annual plants, for the production of panels, e.g. B. fiberboard or chipboard, with at least one comminution device for comminuting plant starting material into scatterable plant particles and with a gluing device for gluing the plant particles.

Bei dem pflanzlichen Ausgangsmaterial handelt es sich um lignocellulosehaltiges Ausgangsmaterial, z. B. Holz. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich jedoch um lignocellulosehaltiges Ausgangsmaterial aus sogenannten Einjahrespflanzen, d. h. solche Pflanzen, die von der Keimung des Samens über die Ausbildung der gesamten Pflanze, die Blütenbildung, Befruchtung bis zur Reife des neuen Samens lediglich eine Vegetationsperiode benötigen. Beispiele für solche schnellwachsenden Pflanzen sind Getreidepflanzen (bzw. das daraus entstehende Stroh), z. B. Reis bzw. Reisstroh, aber auch Bambus, sowie Bagasse, Schilf oder Pfahlrohr. Streufähige Partikel aus solchen Pflanzen bzw. pflanzlichem Ausgangsmaterial werden in der Praxis zur Herstellung von Platten, z. B. Spanplatten oder Faserplatten eingesetzt, indem die streufähigen Pflanzenpartikel mit einem Bindemittel bzw. Leim beleimt und anschließend in einer Presse zu Platten verpresst werden. Dabei werden Einjahrespflanzen (insbesondere daraus entstehendes Stroh) als vorteilhafte Alternative zu herkömmlichem Holz eingesetzt. So besteht z. B. das Bedürfnis, im klassischen landwirtschaftlichen Anbau, z. B. Reisanbau, nach der Ernte das verbleibende Stroh zu nutzen und nicht - wie bislang üblich - auf den Feldern zu belassen oder zu verbrennen, sondern für die Produktion von Faserplatten oder Spanplatten zu verwenden. Die Möglichkeit, Werkstoffplatten auf der Basis von Stroh, z. B. Reisstroh, herzustellen wird z. B. in der DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 und der DE 10 2015 120 653 A1 , die den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 offenbart, beschrieben.The vegetable raw material is lignocellulosic raw material, e.g. B. wood. It is particularly preferred, however, to use lignocellulose-containing starting material from so-called annual plants, ie those plants which only require one vegetation period from germination of the seed through the development of the entire plant, flower formation, fertilization to the maturity of the new seed. Examples of such fast-growing plants are cereal plants (or the straw that arises from them), e.g. B. rice or rice straw, but also bamboo, as well as bagasse, reeds or pile cane. Dispersible particles from such plants or plant raw material are used in practice for the production of panels, eg. B. chipboard or fiberboard is used by gluing the scatterable plant particles with a binder or glue and then pressed in a press to form panels. Annual plants (especially the straw that arise from them) are used as an advantageous alternative to conventional wood. So there is z. B. the need in classic agricultural cultivation, z. B. Rice cultivation, to use the remaining straw after the harvest and not - as was customary up to now - to leave it in the fields or to burn it, but to use it for the production of fiberboard or chipboard. The possibility of material panels based on straw, e.g. B. rice straw, produce is z. B. in the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 and the DE 10 2015 120 653 A1 , which discloses the preamble of claim 1, described.

Im Zuge der Herstellung von Platten aus pflanzlichem Ausgangsmaterial (Holz oder Einjahrespflanzen) werden zunächst mit Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen entsprechend geeignete streufähige Partikel (Späne oder Fasern) hergestellt und beleimt. Anschließend lassen sich sowohl Partikel aus Holz als auch Partikel aus Einjahrespflanzen (z. B. Stroh) identisch oder in sehr ähnlicher Weise verarbeiten, indem die (beleimten) Partikel mit einer oder mehreren Streuvorrichtungen unter Bildung einer Streugutmatte auf z. B. einen Streubandförderer aufgestreut und einer Presse zugeführt werden, wobei die Streugutmatte in der Presse unter Anwendung von Druck und Wärme zu einer Platte verpresst wird. Bei der Presse kann es sich um eine Taktpresse (z. B. eine Einetagen- oder Mehretagenpresse) oder um eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Presse handeln.In the course of the production of panels from vegetable raw material (wood or annual plants), suitable scatterable particles (chips or fibers) are first produced and glued using shredding devices. Subsequently, both particles from wood and particles from annual plants (e.g. straw) can be processed identically or in a very similar way by applying the (glued) particles to one or more scattering devices to form a grit mat on e.g. B. a scatter belt conveyor can be sprinkled and fed to a press, wherein the grit mat is pressed in the press using pressure and heat to form a plate. The press can be a cyclic press (e.g. a single or multi-daylight press) or a continuously operating press.

Insgesamt ist die Nutzung von Einjahrespflanzen, z. B. daraus zurückbleibendem Stroh, eine vielsprechende Alternative zur Verwendung von Holz für die Herstellung von Faserplatten oder Spanplatten. Problematisch im Zusammenhang mit der Verarbeitung von Partikeln aus Einjahrespflanzen, z. B. Reisstroh, ist die Tatsache, dass Einjahrespflanzen während des Wachstums hohe Mengen an Silikat einlagern, welches in den Produktionsprozess eingebracht wird und diesen stören kann, da solche mineralischen Silikate aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften zu hohem Verschleiß in verschiedenen Anlagenkomponenten führen können. Aus diesem Grunde wurde z. B. in der DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 bereits vorgeschlagen, Komponenten eines Mischers für die Beleimung von Fasern verschleißfest auszubilden, da die Silikate die Oberflächen der Komponenten stark beanspruchen. - Hier setzt die Erfindung ein.Overall, the use of annual plants, e.g. B. straw left over from it, a promising alternative to using wood for the production of fibreboard or chipboard. Problematic in connection with the processing of particles from annual plants, e.g. B. rice straw, is the fact that annual plants store large amounts of silicate during growth, which is introduced into the production process and can disrupt it, as such mineral silicates can lead to high wear and tear in various system components due to their properties. For this reason, z. B. in the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 It has already been proposed to design components of a mixer for gluing fibers to be wear-resistant, since the silicates place heavy demands on the surfaces of the components. - This is where the invention comes in.

Im Übrigen sind aus dem Stand der Technik die oben erwähnten Streuvorrichtungen bekannt, mit denen auf einem Streubandförderer eine Streugutmatte erzeugt wird, wobei diese Streugutmatte einer Presse zugeführt wird, in welcher die Streugutmatte unter Anwendung von Druck und Wärme zu einer Platte verpresst wird. Eine Streuvorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer solchen Streugutmatte aus beleimten Partikeln ist z. B. aus der US 2003/0066168 A1 bekannt. In diese Streuvorrichtung bzw. Auflöseeinrichtung kann ein Windsichter integriert werden.In addition, the above-mentioned spreading devices are known from the prior art, with which a grit mat is generated on a scatter belt conveyor, this grit mat being fed to a press in which the grit mat is pressed into a plate using pressure and heat. A scattering device for generating such a grit mat from glued particles is z. B. from the US 2003/0066168 A1 known. A wind sifter can be integrated into this spreading device or opening device.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Windsichtung von mit Bindemittel versetzten Spänen oder Fasern ist z. B. auch aus der DE 198 35 419 A1 bekannt.A device for air sifting mixed with binding agent chips or fibers is z. B. also from the DE 198 35 419 A1 known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage und ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit der bzw. mit dem sich beleimte Pflanzenpartikel, insbesondere aus Einjahrespflanzen, für die Produktion von Platten (z. B. Faserplatten oder Spanplatten), in wirtschaftlicher Weise herstellen lassen. Insbesondere sollen die durch Silikate entstehenden Probleme reduziert bzw. minimiert werden.The invention is based on the object of creating a system and a method with which or with which glued plant particles, in particular from annual plants, can be produced in an economical manner for the production of panels (e.g. fiberboard or chipboard). In particular, the problems caused by silicates should be reduced or minimized.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, in Übereinstimmung mit dem Anspruch 1, dass bei einer gattungsgemäßen Anlage zur Herstellung von beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln für die Herstellung von Platten zwischen der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung und der Beleimungsvorrichtung zumindest eine erste Separiervorrichtung, insbesondere Sichtvorrichtung zum Separieren (bzw. Abscheiden) von Silikatpartikeln aus den Pflanzenpartikeln bzw. dem Pflanzenpartikelstrom angeordnet ist.To solve this problem, the invention teaches, in accordance with claim 1, that in a generic plant for the production of glued plant particles for the production of panels between the comminuting device and the gluing device, at least one first separating device, in particular a viewing device for separating (or separating) of silicate particles from the plant particles or the plant particle flow is arranged.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Erkenntnis aus, dass sich Platten, z. B. Faserplatten oder Spanplatten, nicht nur wirtschaftlich mit hoher Qualität aus Holz, sondern insbesondere auch aus Einjahrespflanzen herstellen lassen, die während des Wachstums einen hohen Anteil an mineralischen Silikaten einlagern bzw. aufnehmen. Die Erfindung hat erkannt, dass sich diese während des Wachstums eingelagerten Silikate während der Herstellung der beleimten Pflanzenpartikel, die das Basismaterial für die Herstellung der Platten bilden, von den Pflanzenpartikeln separieren bzw. abscheiden lassen, so dass insbesondere Verschleißprobleme in den Anlagenkomponenten während der Herstellung von Platten vermieden werden können und auf aufwändige Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Verschleißschutzes in den Anlagen verzichtet werden kann. Außerdem wird die Qualität der Platten durch die Reduzierung des Silikatanteils erheblich verbessert. Silikate bzw. Silikatpartikel meint im Rahmen der Erfindung folglich insbesondere die während des Wachstums in die Pflanzen bzw. deren Fasern oder Zellen eingelagerten Silikate / Silikatpartikel, die durch Zerkleinerung der Pflanzen und/oder durch Aufschließen der Fasern frei werden. Erfindungsgemäß meint Silikatpartikel solche mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 50 µm, vorzugsweise bis zu 20 µm.The invention is based on the knowledge that plates such. B. fiberboard or chipboard, not only economically with high quality from wood, but especially from annual plants that can be produced store or absorb a high proportion of mineral silicates during growth. The invention has recognized that these silicates stored during growth can be separated or deposited from the plant particles during the production of the glued plant particles, which form the base material for the production of the panels, so that in particular wear problems in the system components during the production of Plates can be avoided and costly measures to improve wear protection in the systems can be dispensed with. In addition, the quality of the panels is significantly improved by reducing the amount of silicate. In the context of the invention, silicates or silicate particles mean in particular the silicates / silicate particles embedded in the plants or their fibers or cells during growth, which are released by comminution of the plants and / or by opening up the fibers. According to the invention, silicate particles mean those with a diameter of less than 50 μm, preferably up to 20 μm.

In bevorzugter Ausführungsform ist die Sichtvorrichtung zum Separieren der Silikatpartikel aus dem pflanzlichen Partikelstrom als Windsichter ausgebildet. In diesem Windsichter werden die zugeführten Pflanzenpartikel mit einem Luftstrom (z. B. Querstrom) beaufschlagt, wobei Silikatpartikel mit dem Luftstrom über einen Luftauslass abgeführt und die Pflanzenpartikel (sowie ggf. Fremdkörper) schwerkraftbedingt von einer unterhalb des Luftauslasses angeordneten Partikelaufnahme aufgenommen und als Produkt für die Weiterverarbeitung abgeführt werden. Die Erfindung geht dabei von der überraschenden Erkenntnis aus, dass sich die in pflanzlichem Material, z. B. Stroh oder dergleichen, eingelagerten Silikate mit Hilfe eines Windsichters von den für die Weiterverarbeitung bestimmten Pflanzenpartikeln effektiv abtrennen lassen. Dieses hängt u. a. damit zusammen, dass die Silikate in dem pflanzlichen Material, z. B. in Strohpartikeln oder dergleichen in verhältnismäßig gleichmäßiger Größe und Form vorliegen, und zwar in einer kugelähnlichen Form im Inneren der Pflanzenzellen mit einem geringen Durchmesser von in der Regel weniger als 50 µm, z. B. etwa 5 µm bis 20 µm, während die für die Plattenproduktion bestimmten Pflanzenfaserpartikel deutlich größer sind. In dem Windsichter werden die Silikatpartikel aufgrund ihrer geringen und im Wesentlichen einheitlichen Größe zuverlässig von dem in den Sichter eingebrachten Luftstrom mitgerissen, so dass sie sich mit dem Luftstrom über einen Luftauslass abführen lassen, während die übrigen Partikel, d. h. insbesondere die für die Weiterverarbeitung bestimmten Pflanzenpartikel nach unten fallen und in einer geeigneten Partikelaufnahme aufgenommen bzw. abgeführt werden können. Diese Separation gelingt mit überraschend hoher Effizienz. Das hängt auch damit zusammen, dass die Silikatpartikel aufgrund ihrer sehr geringen (und gleichmäßigen) Dimension gemeinsam mit dem Luftstrom ein Aerosol bilden, so dass die Silikatpartikel als feste Schwebeteilchen in dem Luftstrom (oder einem anderen Gasstrom) zuverlässig transportiert werden. Die Luft (oder ein anderes Gas) bildet folglich ein Trägergas für die Silikatpartikel.In a preferred embodiment, the sifter for separating the silicate particles from the vegetable particle flow is designed as an air sifter. In this wind sifter, an air flow (e.g. cross flow) is applied to the plant particles, with the silicate particles being removed with the air flow via an air outlet and the plant particles (as well as foreign bodies, if applicable) being picked up by gravity from a particle holder located below the air outlet and used as a product for further processing can be carried out. The invention is based on the surprising finding that the plant material such. B. straw or the like, stored silicates can be effectively separated from the plant particles intended for further processing with the help of an air classifier. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the silicates in the plant material, e.g. B. in straw particles or the like in proportion of uniform size and shape, namely in a spherical shape inside the plant cells with a small diameter of usually less than 50 microns, e.g. B. about 5 microns to 20 microns, while the plant fiber particles intended for panel production are significantly larger. In the air sifter, the silicate particles are reliably entrained by the air flow introduced into the sifter due to their small and essentially uniform size, so that they can be discharged with the air flow via an air outlet, while the remaining particles, i.e. in particular the plant particles intended for further processing fall down and can be absorbed or removed in a suitable particle holder. This separation succeeds with surprisingly high efficiency. This is also due to the fact that the silicate particles, due to their very small (and uniform) dimensions, form an aerosol together with the air flow, so that the silicate particles are reliably transported as solid suspended particles in the air flow (or another gas flow). The air (or another gas) consequently forms a carrier gas for the silicate particles.

Die Sichtvorrichtung, die als Windsichter ausgebildet ist, kann bevorzugt einen (oberen) Materialeinlass für die Zuführung der Pflanzenpartikel und einen unterhalb des Materialeinlasses angeordneten Lufteinlass aufweisen. Außerdem ist ein Luftauslass vorgesehen, über den die zugeführte Luft (oder ein anderes Gas) mit den Silikatpartikeln abgeführt werden. Unterhalb des Luftauslasses ist die Partikelaufnahme für die für die Weiterverarbeitung bestimmten Pflanzenpartikel vorgesehen. Die von oben über einen Materialeinlass in ein Sichtergehäuse eingeführten Pflanzenpartikel werden folglich bevorzugt im Querstrom mit dem Luftstrom beaufschlagt. Grundsätzlich besteht aber alternativ auch die Möglichkeit, die Sichtluft von unten zuzuführen und z. B. im Aufstrom zu arbeiten.The sifter, which is designed as an air sifter, can preferably have an (upper) material inlet for the supply of the plant particles and an air inlet arranged below the material inlet. In addition, an air outlet is provided through which the supplied air (or another gas) with the silicate particles can be discharged. Below the air outlet, the particle holder is provided for the plant particles intended for further processing. The plant particles introduced into a sifter housing from above via a material inlet are consequently preferably acted upon by the air flow in a cross flow. In principle, however, there is also the alternative of supplying the sifting air from below and z. B. to work in the upstream.

Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, die Zuluft mit einem Zuluftventilator über den Lufteinlass in das Sichergehäuse einzublasen. In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung erfolgt jedoch eine passive Zuluftzuführung, indem an den Luftauslass ein Absaugventilator angeschlossen wird. Dabei ist es möglich, in einfacher Weise über den Lufteinlass Luft, z. B. Umgebungsluft in das Sichtergehäuse einzusaugen, wobei der Lufteinlass bevorzugt in geeigneter Weise mit Schutzmaßnahmen, z. B. einem Schutzgitter und/oder einem Regenschutz versehen sein kann. Alternativ besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Luft im Kreislauf zu führen und folglich die abgesaugte Luft (nach entsprechender Abscheidung der Silikate aus dem Luft/Silikatgemisch) in den Bereich des Lufteinlasses zurückzuführen.It is possible to blow the supply air into the safety housing with a supply air fan via the air inlet. In a preferred embodiment, however, there is a passive supply of air in that a suction fan is connected to the air outlet. It is possible in a simple manner via the air inlet air, for. B. sucking ambient air into the separator housing, the air inlet preferably in a suitable manner with protective measures, eg. B. a protective grille and / or a rain cover can be provided. Alternatively, there is also the possibility of circulating the air and consequently returning the extracted air (after appropriate separation of the silicates from the air / silicate mixture) to the area of the air inlet.

Zusätzlich zu der Partikelaufnahme für die Pflanzenpartikel weist der Windsichter in bevorzugter Weiterbildung eine Grobgutaufnahme auf, die ebenfalls unterhalb des Luftauslasses angeordnet ist und die der Partikelaufnahme in Strömungsrichtung vorgeordnet ist. Große und schwere Fremdkörper, z. B. Steine, die mit den Pflanzenpartikeln in die Sichtvorrichtung gelangen, können auf diese Weise abgetrennt und über die Grobgutaufnahme abgeführt werden, so dass in dieser Ausführungsform eine Trennung in drei Fraktionen (Grobgut/Steine, Pflanzenpartikel, Silikatpartikel) erfolgt.In addition to the particle receptacle for the plant particles, the air classifier in a preferred development has a coarse material receptacle which is also arranged below the air outlet and which is arranged upstream of the particle receptacle in the direction of flow. Large and heavy foreign objects, e.g. B. stones that get into the viewing device with the plant particles can be separated in this way and removed via the coarse material receptacle, so that in this embodiment there is a separation into three fractions (coarse material / stones, plant particles, silicate particles).

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist im Rahmen der Erfindung die Tatsache, dass bei der Aufbereitung des pflanzlichen Ausgangsmaterials (z. B. des Strohs), eine Zerkleinerung des Materials erfolgt, so dass die Kammern innerhalb des pflanzlichen Materials, in denen die Silikatpartikel eingelagert sind, aufgebrochen werden und das Silikat freigeben, so dass es in der beschriebenen Weise abgetrennt werden kann. In besonders bevorzugter Weiterbildung erfolgt die Silikatabtrennung zweistufig. Das bedeutet, dass zwischen der ersten Sichtvorrichtung (für eine erste Silikatabtrennung) und der Beleimungsvorrichtung eine zweite Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist, in der die Pflanzenpartikel weiter zerkleinert werden und dass zwischen dieser zweiten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung und der Beleimungsvorrichtung eine zweite Sichtvorrichtung (für eine zweite Silikatabtrennung) angeordnet ist.Of particular importance in the context of the invention is the fact that during the preparation of the vegetable raw material (e.g. the straw), the material is comminuted so that the chambers within the vegetable material in which the silicate particles are stored are broken open and release the silicate so that it can be separated in the manner described. In a particularly preferred development, the silicate is separated off in two stages. It means that Between the first sifting device (for a first silicate separation) and the gluing device a second comminuting device is arranged, in which the plant particles are further comminuted and that a second sifting device (for a second silicate separation) is arranged between this second comminuting device and the gluing device.

In der Regel ist es zweckmäßig, das Ausgangsmaterial, z. B. Stroh, zunächst in einer Grobzerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu verarbeiten, z. B. in einem Strohhäcksler. Daran schließt sich dann z. B. die bereits beschriebene erste Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung an, die z. B. als Mühle, bevorzugt als Hammermühle oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein kann. Bereits in diesem ersten Zerkleinerungsprozess bzw. in diesen ersten Zerkleinerungsprozessen werden eine Vielzahl von Kammern, in denen Silikate enthalten sind, aufgebrochen, so dass bereits nach dieser ersten Zerkleinerung, die mit mehreren verschiedenen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen erfolgen kann, eine erste Silikatabtrennung in der beschriebenen Weise vorteilhaft ist. Es ist dann in bevorzugter Weiterbildung besonders zweckmäßig, die bereits grob von Silikatpartikeln getrennten Pflanzenpartikel in einem zweiten Zerkleinerungsprozess weiter zu zerkleinern. Dieses ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn Pflanzenfasern für Faserplatten, z. B. MDF-Platten hergestellt werden sollen. In diesem Fall kann die zweite Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung als Zerfaserungsvorrichtung bzw. Zerfaserungsanlage zur Erzeugung von Pflanzenpartikeln ausgebildet sein, die als Pflanzenfasern ausgebildet sind. Eine solche Zerfaserungsanlage weist insbesondere einen Refiner auf, in dem in grundsätzlich bekannter Weise die spanartigen Partikel zu Fasern aufgeschlossen werden. Im Zuge dieser Zerfaserung werden die Holzzellen bzw. Pflanzenzellen, in denen die Silikatpartikel eingelagert sind, weiter bzw. vollständig aufgebrochen, so dass in dieser zweiten Stufe (erneut) Silikate freigesetzt werden, die anschließend in der zweiten Sichtvorrichtung separiert werden. Interessant ist dabei die Tatsache, dass die erste Sichtvorrichtung und die zweite Sichtvorrichtung hinsichtlich Dimensionierung und Strömungseigenschaften an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten und insbesondere die Partikeleigenschaften angepasst werden können, so dass in zwei Stufen eine besonders effiziente Silikatabtrennung möglich wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese zweistufige Vorgehensweise bei der Herstellung von Pflanzenfasern für die Produktion von Faserplatten, z. B. MDF-Platten. Die zweistufige Separierung von Silikatpartikeln kann aber auch bei der Herstellung von Strohspänen oder dergleichen für die Spanplattenherstellung zweckmäßig sein, wenn keine Zerfaserung in einem Refiner oder dergleichen erfolgt. Auch bei der Herstellung von Spänen ist eine mehrstufige Zerkleinerung zweckmäßig, so dass die zweite Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung dann z. B. als geeignete Mühle ausgebildet sein kann, so dass die zweite Zerkleinerung in einem Mahlprozess erfolgen kann.As a rule, it is expedient to use the starting material, e.g. B. straw, first to be processed in a coarse shredding device, e.g. B. in a straw chopper. This is followed by z. B. the already described first shredding device, the z. B. can be designed as a mill, preferably as a hammer mill or the like. Already in this first crushing process or in these first crushing processes a large number of chambers in which silicates are contained are broken open, so that after this first crushing, which can be done with several different crushing devices, a first silicate separation in the manner described is advantageous . In a preferred development, it is then particularly expedient to further comminute the plant particles that have already been roughly separated from the silicate particles in a second comminution process. This is particularly advantageous when plant fibers for fiberboard, e.g. B. MDF panels are to be produced. In this case, the second shredding device can be designed as a fiberizing device or fiberizing system for producing plant particles which are designed as plant fibers. Such a defibering plant has, in particular, a refiner in which the chip-like particles are broken down into fibers in a basically known manner. In the course of this defibering, the wood cells or plant cells in which the silicate particles are embedded are further or completely broken up, so that in this second stage (again) silicates are released, which are then separated in the second viewing device. The interesting one is The fact that the first sighting device and the second sighting device can be adapted in terms of dimensioning and flow properties to the respective conditions and in particular the particle properties, so that particularly efficient silicate separation is possible in two stages. This two-step procedure is particularly advantageous in the production of vegetable fibers for the production of fiberboard, e.g. B. MDF panels. The two-stage separation of silicate particles can, however, also be useful in the production of straw chips or the like for the production of chipboard if there is no defibration in a refiner or the like. A multi-stage comminution is also useful in the production of chips, so that the second comminution device can then e.g. B. can be designed as a suitable mill, so that the second comminution can take place in one grinding process.

Auch bei der Herstellung von Fasern kann die zweite Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nicht als Refiner, sondern alternativ mechanisch ausgebildet sein, z. B. als Mühle.Also in the production of fibers, the second shredding device can not be designed as a refiner, but alternatively mechanically, e.g. B. as a mill.

Die vorzugsweise vorgesehene zweite Sichtvorrichtung kann grundsätzlich in der gleichen Weise ausgebildet sein, wie die beschriebene erste Sichtvorrichtung. Gegebenenfalls kann es zweckmäßig sein, in der ersten Sichtvorrichtung eine Abtrennung in drei Fraktionen (einschließlich der Abtrennung von Fremdkörpern) vorzusehen und in der zweiten Sichtvorrichtung lediglich eine Auftrennung in zwei Fraktionen, so dass dort z. B. auf eine zusätzliche Grobgutaufnahme als "Steinfalle" verzichtet werden kann.The preferably provided second viewing device can basically be designed in the same way as the first viewing device described. It may be appropriate to provide a separation into three fractions (including the separation of foreign bodies) in the first sifting device and only a separation into two fractions in the second sifting device, so that there, for. B. on an additional coarse material intake as a "stone trap" can be dispensed with.

Die erste und/oder zweite Sichtvorrichtung ist - wie beschrieben - bevorzugt mit einer Partikelaufnahme, z. B. für Pflanzenpartikel, ausgerüstet. Optional können auch mehrere (in Strömungsrichtung) hintereinander angeordnete Partikelaufnahmen oder eine Partikelaufnahme mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Aufnahmezonen vorgesehen sein. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, dass optional eine Aufteilung (der Pflanzenpartikel) in mehrere (Nutz-) Fraktionen möglich ist. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung kann vorgesehen sein, dass Ort und/oder Länge (entlang der Strömungsrichtung) einer oder mehrerer Partikelaufnahmen oder Aufnahmezonen (variabel) einstellbar ist/sind, und zwar während der Montage und/oder während der Inbetriebnahme und/oder während des Betriebes. Dieses lässt sich z. B. durch verstellbare Leitbleche im Bereich der Partikelaufnahmen realisieren.The first and / or second viewing device is - as described - preferably with a particle holder, e.g. B. for plant particles equipped. Optionally, several (in the direction of flow) can be arranged one behind the other Particle receptacles or a particle receptacle with several receptacle zones arranged one behind the other can be provided. This embodiment has the advantage that a division (of the plant particles) into several (useful) fractions is optionally possible. In an advantageous further development, it can be provided that the location and / or length (along the flow direction) of one or more particle receptacles or receptacle zones (variably) is / are adjustable, namely during assembly and / or during commissioning and / or during operation. This can be z. B. can be realized by adjustable baffles in the area of the particle receptacles.

Die Sichtvorrichtung, die in der beschriebenen Weise bevorzugt als Windsichtvorrichtung arbeitet, weist ein Gehäuse auf, das z. B. in sehr einfacher Ausgestaltung als kastenförmiges Gehäuse ausgebildet sein kann. Ein solches kastenförmiges Gehäuse kann z. B. die Gestalt eines Quaders oder dergleichen aufweisen, wobei sich bevorzugt zumindest der Materialeinlass und der Lufteinlass über (im Wesentlichen) die gesamte Breite des Gehäuses erstrecken. Der Materialeinlass kann z. B. in die (obere) Decke des kastenförmigen Gehäuses integriert sein, und zwar bezogen auf die Strömungsrichtung im vorderen Bereich der Decke, so dass das Material von oben in das kastenförmige Gehäuse fällt. Der Lufteinlass kann in sehr einfacher Ausgestaltung in die Frontwand des Gehäuses integriert sein, und zwar z. B. im oberen Bereich der Frontwand. Der Luftauslass kann z. B. in die der Frontwand gegenüberliegende Rückwand integriert sein bzw. im Bereich der Rückwand angeordnet sein, und zwar z.B. ebenfalls im oberen Bereich dieser Rückwand. Das bedeutet, dass der Luftstrom mit den Silikatpartikeln das Gehäuse im Wesentlichen im oberen Bereich durchströmt, während die Pflanzenpartikel und ggf. die Steine oder ähnliches Grobgut aus dem Luftstrom heraus nach unten fallen. Die Partikelaufnahme und/oder die Grobgutaufnahme ist/sind folglich in der Nähe des Bodens des kastenförmigen Gehäuses angeordnet, so dass die Pflanzenpartikel und/oder das Grobgut im unteren Bereich des kastenförmigen Gehäuses aufgenommen werden. Von dort kann es nach unten oder auch seitlich aus dem Gehäuse abgeführt werden. In dem Materialeinlass, der z. B. von einem Fallschacht gebildet werden oder an einem solchen angeschlossen sein kann, können im Übrigen Walzen, z. B. Auflösewalzen integriert sein, um z. B. das einzubringende Material aufzulösen. Im Übrigen kann so eine Aufteilung des Materials im Eintritt erfolgen, so dass mehrere "Vorhänge" aus den Partikeln erzeugt werden. Außerdem ist es möglich, im Bereich des Materialeinlasses Zuführeinrichtungen, Zuführschnecken vorzusehen. In die Partikelaufnahme, die z. B. im unteren Bereich des Gehäuses angeordnet ist, kann eine Abführeinrichtung integriert sein oder eine Abführeinrichtung kann an diese Partikelaufnahme angeschlossen sein, welche z. B. eine oder mehrere Abführschnecken aufweisen kann. Alternativ kommen auch andere Abführeinrichtungen, z. B. Förderbänder oder dergleichen in Betracht, Abführschnecken haben jedoch den Vorteil, dass sie im Wesentlichen (gas-) dicht ausgebildet sind, so dass auf weitere Zellradschleusen oder dergleichen verzichtet werden kann. Um einen gasdichten Kammerboden des Sichters herzustellen kann zusätzlich eine Zellradschleuse vorgesehen sein.The viewing device, which works in the manner described preferably as a wind viewing device, has a housing which, for. B. can be designed in a very simple embodiment as a box-shaped housing. Such a box-shaped housing can, for. B. have the shape of a cuboid or the like, wherein preferably at least the material inlet and the air inlet extend over (substantially) the entire width of the housing. The material inlet can e.g. B. be integrated into the (upper) ceiling of the box-shaped housing, based on the flow direction in the front area of the ceiling, so that the material falls from above into the box-shaped housing. The air inlet can be integrated into the front wall of the housing in a very simple embodiment, namely z. B. in the upper area of the front wall. The air outlet can e.g. B. be integrated into the rear wall opposite the front wall or be arranged in the region of the rear wall, for example also in the upper region of this rear wall. This means that the air flow with the silicate particles flows through the housing essentially in the upper area, while the plant particles and possibly the stones or similar coarse material fall down from the air flow. The particle receptacle and / or the coarse material receptacle is / are consequently arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the box-shaped housing, so that the Plant particles and / or the coarse material are received in the lower region of the box-shaped housing. From there it can be discharged downwards or laterally out of the housing. In the material inlet, the z. B. be formed by a chute or can be connected to such, can also rollers, for. B. opening rollers to be integrated to z. B. dissolve the material to be introduced. Incidentally, the material in the inlet can be divided up so that several "curtains" are created from the particles. It is also possible to provide feed devices, feed screws, in the area of the material inlet. In the particle uptake that z. B. is arranged in the lower region of the housing, a discharge device can be integrated or a discharge device can be connected to this particle holder, which z. B. may have one or more discharge screws. Alternatively, other discharge devices such. B. conveyor belts or the like into consideration, but discharge screws have the advantage that they are essentially (gas) tight, so that further rotary valves or the like can be dispensed with. In order to produce a gas-tight chamber floor of the classifier, a rotary valve can also be provided.

Durch besonders einfachen Aufbau und einen besonders wirtschaftlichen Transport zeichnet sich eine Sichtvorrichtung aus, deren (kastenförmiges) Gehäuse aus einem oder mehreren ISO-Frachtcontainern hergestellt ist. So kann das Gehäuse z. B. aus mehreren, z. B. zwei oder drei übereinander angeordneten Standardcontainern hergestellt werden, wobei es sich bevorzugt um 40 ft.-Standardcontainer handelt, die z. B. auch als High-Cube-Container ausgebildet sein können. Die Breite und die Länge des Sichtergehäuses sind in diesem Fall durch die Breite und Länge der Standardcontainer definiert. Dabei geht die Erfindung von der überraschenden Kenntnis aus, dass trotz eines solch einfachen Aufbaus mit hoher Effizienz Silikatpartikel wirtschaftlich aus dem Partikelstrom abgetrennt werden können. Das Gehäuse lässt sich in Form von Frachtcontainern gleichsam modular zum Einsatzort transportieren und dort fertigstellen. Das Gehäuse bzw. die Container können dann (nachträglich) noch mit üblichen Wartungsbühnen oder dergleichen ausgerüstet werden, die z. B. außenseitig an den Containern aufgestellt und/oder befestigt werden.A viewing device whose (box-shaped) housing is made from one or more ISO freight containers is characterized by a particularly simple structure and particularly economical transport. So the housing z. B. from several, z. B. two or three standard containers arranged one above the other are produced, which are preferably 40 ft. B. can also be designed as a high-cube container. In this case, the width and length of the separator housing are defined by the width and length of the standard container. The invention is based on the surprising knowledge that, despite such a simple structure with high efficiency, silicate particles are economical can be separated from the particle stream. In the form of freight containers, the housing can be transported to the place of use in a modular manner and finished there. The housing or the container can then (retrospectively) still be equipped with conventional maintenance platforms or the like, which z. B. placed on the outside of the containers and / or attached.

Die in der beschriebenen Weise von Silikatpartikeln befreiten Pflanzenpartikel werden für die Weiterverarbeitung in der Beleimungsvorrichtung mit einem Bindemittel versehen und folglich beleimt. Eine solche Beleimungsvorrichtung kann in grundsätzlich bekannter Weise ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt wird eine Beleimungsvorrichtung eingesetzt, die als Trommelmischer ausgebildet ist und die z. B. in der DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 beschrieben ist. Es handelt sich um eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Mischvorrichtung, welche eine Mischkammer sowie eine oder mehrere an einer rotierenden Mischerwelle befestigte Mischwerkzeuge aufweist, wobei die Mischwerkzeuge die Partikel, z. B. Fasern mit dem Bindemittel vermischen und in einer Förderrichtung durch die Mischkammer fördern. Dabei lässt sich eine solche Mischvorrichtung bevorzugt mit besonders hoher Zentrifugalbeschleunigung betreiben. Das bedeutet, dass die Drehzahl der Mischerwelle und der Durchmesser der Mischkammer mit der Maßgabe aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass die (Nenn-) Zentrifugalbeschleunigung der Fasern im Bereich des Mischkammermantels 10.000 bis 30.000 m/s2 beträgt. Im Einzelnen wird bezüglich der Ausgestaltung und Betriebsweise auf die DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 verwiesen.The plant particles freed from silicate particles in the manner described are provided with a binding agent for further processing in the gluing device and consequently glued. Such a gluing device can be designed in a basically known manner. Preferably, a gluing device is used, which is designed as a drum mixer and z. B. in the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 is described. It is a continuously operating mixing device, which has a mixing chamber and one or more mixing tools attached to a rotating mixer shaft. B. mix fibers with the binder and convey in a conveying direction through the mixing chamber. Such a mixing device can preferably be operated with a particularly high centrifugal acceleration. This means that the speed of the mixer shaft and the diameter of the mixing chamber are matched to one another with the proviso that the (nominal) centrifugal acceleration of the fibers in the area of the mixing chamber jacket is 10,000 to 30,000 m / s 2 . Specifically, with regard to the design and mode of operation, refer to the DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 referenced.

Die beschriebene Anlage betrifft die Herstellung der beleimten Pflanzenpartikel, z. B. beleimte Fasern oder Späne, die insbesondere für die Herstellung von Faserplatten oder Spanplatten bestimmt sind. Die Herstellung der beleimten Pflanzenpartikel wird folglich isoliert (ohne den anschließenden Pressprozess) unter Schutz gestellt. Die Erfindung betrifft jedoch außerdem eine Anlage zur Herstellung von Platten, z. B. Spanplatten oder Faserplatten, aus solchen beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln. Eine solche Anlage zur Herstellung von Platten umfasst folglich zum Einen die bereits beschriebene Anlage zur Herstellung der beleimten Pflanzenpartikel und zusätzlich zumindest eine der Beleimungsvorrichtung nachgeordnete Streuvorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Streugutmatte aus den beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln sowie eine der Streuvorrichtung nachgeordnete Presse, in welcher die Streugutmatte unter Anwendung von Druck und/oder Wärme zu einer Platte verpresst wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird folglich nicht nur die Anlage zur Herstellung der beleimten Pflanzenpartikel, sondern auch die Gesamtanlage zur Herstellung der Platten gemäß Anspruch 11 unter Schutz gestellt, die zusätzlich eine oder mehrere Streuvorrichtungen und zumindest eine Presse umfasst. Bei der Presse kann es sich um eine Taktpresse handeln, z. B. eine Einetagenpresse oder Mehretagenpresse. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Presse um eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Presse, die z. B. in der Ausgestaltung als Doppelbandpresse ausgebildet sein kann, wobei eine solche Doppelbandpresse eine obere Pressenplatte und eine untere Pressenplatte sowie im Pressenoberteil und im Pressenunterteil jeweils endlos umlaufende Pressbänder, z. B. Stahlbänder aufweist, die sich unter Zwischenschaltung von Wälzkörperaggregaten, z. B. Rollstangen, an den Pressenplatten abstützen, wobei die obere Pressenplatte und/oder die untere Pressenplatte mit Presszylindern beaufschlagt ist/sind.The system described relates to the production of the glued plant particles such. B. glued fibers or chips, which are particularly intended for the production of fiberboard or chipboard. The production of the glued plant particles is consequently placed under protection in isolation (without the subsequent pressing process). However, the invention also relates to a system for Manufacture of panels, e.g. B. chipboard or fiberboard, made of such glued plant particles. Such a system for producing panels consequently comprises on the one hand the system already described for producing the glued plant particles and additionally at least one spreading device downstream of the gluing device for producing a grit mat from the glued plant particles and a press downstream of the spreading device in which the grit mat using Pressure and / or heat is pressed into a plate. According to the invention, therefore, not only the system for producing the glued plant particles, but also the entire system for producing the panels according to claim 11, which additionally comprises one or more spreading devices and at least one press. The press can be a cycle press, e.g. B. a single-daylight press or multi-daylight press. Preferably, the press is a continuously operating press that z. B. can be designed as a double belt press, such a double belt press an upper press plate and a lower press plate and in the press upper part and in the press lower part each endlessly rotating press belts, for. B. has steel strips, which with the interposition of rolling element units, z. B. roller bars, support on the press plates, the upper press plate and / or the lower press plate is / are acted upon by press cylinders.

Die Erfindung betrifft im Übrigen nicht nur die beschriebenen Anlagen, sondern außerdem auch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12 zur Herstellung von Platten aus Pflanzenpartikeln, z. B. aus Pflanzenfasern oder Pflanzenspänen, mit einer Anlage der beschriebenen Art, wobei aus pflanzlichem Ausgangsmaterial, insbesondere aus Einjahrespflanzen (z. B. Stroh), durch Zerkleinern Pflanzenpartikel erzeugt und diese anschließend beleimt werden, wobei aus den beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln eine Streugutmatte erzeugt und diese in einer Presse zu einer Platte verpresst wird.The invention also relates not only to the systems described, but also to a method according to claim 12 for the production of panels from plant particles, e.g. B. from plant fibers or plant shavings, with a system of the type described, where plant particles are produced from plant starting material, in particular from annual plants (e.g. straw), by crushing and these are then glued, with from the glued plant particles produce a grit mat and this is pressed into a plate in a press.

Die beschriebene Anlage und das beschriebene Verfahren lassen sich grundsätzlich für die Verarbeitung von Pflanzenpartikeln aus Holz und folglich für die Verarbeitung von Holzfasern oder Holzspänen einsetzen. Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Verarbeitung von Pflanzenpartikeln aus Einjahrespflanzen, z. B. aus Stroh oder dergleichen, dass nach einem Dreschprozess einer Pflanze zurückbleibt, z. B. als Reisstroh. Es kann eine besonders effektive Nutzung dieses Strohs im Zuge der Herstellung von Faserplatten oder Spanplatten erfolgen, und zwar aufgrund der beschriebenen Ausfällung der Silikatanteile und der Vermeidung der bislang bei der Verarbeitung solcher Materialien beobachteten Probleme.The system described and the process described can in principle be used for the processing of plant particles from wood and consequently for the processing of wood fibers or wood chips. Plant particles from annual plants, e.g. B. from straw or the like that remains after a threshing process of a plant, z. B. as rice straw. A particularly effective use of this straw can take place in the course of the production of fiberboard or chipboard, namely because of the described precipitation of the silicate components and the avoidance of the problems previously observed in the processing of such materials.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
In stark vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung eine Anlage (bzw. ein Verfahren) zur Herstellung von Platten aus beleimten Pflanzenpartikeln,
Fig. 2
eine Sichtvorrichtung der Anlage nach Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 3
die Sichtvorrichtung nach Fig. 2 in einer Frontansicht.
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf den Gegenstand nach Fig. 2,
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt A durch den Gegenstand nach Fig. 3 mit angedeuteten Strömungsverhältnissen.
In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings that merely represent exemplary embodiments. Show it
Fig. 1
In a greatly simplified schematic representation of a system (or a process) for the production of panels from glued plant particles,
Fig. 2
a sighting device according to the system Fig. 1 in a side view,
Fig. 3
the viewing device after Fig. 2 in a front view.
Fig. 4
a top view of the object according to Fig. 2 ,
Fig. 5
a section A through the object Fig. 3 with indicated flow conditions.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Anlage dargestellt mit der beleimte Pflanzenpartikel, z. B. beleimte Fasern aus Einjahrespflanzen, z. B. aus Stroh und besonders bevorzugt Reisstroh hergestellt und diese zu Platten verpresst werden.In Fig. 1 is a system shown with the glued plant particles, z. B. glued fibers from annual plants, e.g. B. made of straw and particularly preferably rice straw and these are pressed into plates.

Das als Ausgangsmaterial M zur Verfügung gestellte Stroh wird nach einer Vorzerkleinerung in z. B. einem Strohhäcksler 1 in einer ersten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 2 zerkleinert, die im Ausführungsbeispiel als Hammermühle 2 ausgebildet ist. Das in dieser ersten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 2 erzeugte Material wird einer ersten Sichtvorrichtung 3 zugeführt, die eine erste Sichtstufe zum Separieren von Silikatpartikeln aus den Strohpartikeln bildet. Diese erste Sichtvorrichtung 3 ist vergrößert in den Figuren 2 bis 5 dargestellt, auf die im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen wird.The straw provided as starting material M is after a pre-shredding in z. B. a straw chopper 1 in a first shredding device 2, which is designed as a hammer mill 2 in the embodiment. The material produced in this first shredding device 2 is fed to a first classifying device 3, which forms a first classifying stage for separating silicate particles from the straw particles. This first viewing device 3 is enlarged in FIG Figures 2 to 5 which will be discussed in more detail below.

In einer solchen Sichtvorrichtung 3, die als Windsichter ausgebildet ist, werden die Strohpartikel über einen oberen Materialeinlass 4 in das Sichtergehäuse 5 eingebracht und in dem Sichtergehäuse mit einem Luftstrom (Zuluft Z) beaufschlagt. Dazu weist der Sichter 3 einen vorderen, oberen Lufteinlass 6 und einen hinteren, oberen Luftauslass 7 auf. Unterhalb des Luftauslasses 7 ist eine Partikelaufnahme 8 für die von Silikat S befreiten Strohpartikel P vorgesehen. Der Partikelaufnahme 8 in Strömungsrichtung vorgeordnet ist eine Grobgutaufnahme 9 für die Aufnahme von Fremdkörpern, z. B. Steinen oder dergleichen Grobgut G. In dieser Sichtvorrichtung werden die Silikatpartikel S aufgrund ihrer sehr geringen und gleichmäßigen Größe von dem Luftstrom mitgerissen und über den Luftauslass 7 abgeführt, während die für die Weiterverarbeitung bestimmten Pflanzenpartikel, z. B. Strohpartikel P schwerkraftbedingt in den Bereich der Partikelaufnahme 8 gelangen und von dort abgeführt werden. Grundsätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit, die auf diese Weise von Silikat befreiten Strohpartikel einer Beleimungsvorrichtung zuzuführen und die beleimten Partikel anschließend nach Bildung einer Streugutmatte in einer Presse zu einer Platte zu verpressen. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die in der ersten Sichtstufe von Silikat befreiten Strohpartikel jedoch in einem weiteren Schritt - ggf. nach einer Zwischenspeicherung in einem Bunker 13 - einer zweiten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 10 zugeführt. Diese zweite Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als Zerfaserungseinrichtung ausgebildet, in der aus den Strohpartikeln Strohfasern für die Herstellung von Faserplatten erzeugt werden. Diese Zerfaserungsvorrichtung 10 kann in grundsätzlicher bekannter Weise einen lediglich angedeuteten Kocher 11 aufweisen, in dem die Partikel z. B. mit Dampfüberdruck erweicht werden. Daran schließt sich in grundsätzlich bekannter Weise ein Refiner 12 an, in dem die erweichten Partikel zu Fasern aufgemahlen werden. Die auf diese Weise aufgemahlenen Fasern gelangen z. B. über eine (nicht dargestellte) Blowline nach entsprechender Trocknung in der dargestellten Ausführungsform nicht unmittelbar in den Bereich einer Beleimungsvorrichtung, sondern vor der Beleimung erfolgt in einer zweiten Sichtvorrichtung 14 eine erneute Abtrennung von Silikatpartikeln aus den Strohpartikeln bzw. den nun erzeugten Strohfasern.In such a sifting device 3, which is designed as an air sifter, the straw particles are introduced into the sifter housing 5 via an upper material inlet 4 and an air stream (supply air Z) is applied in the sifter housing. For this purpose, the sifter 3 has a front, upper air inlet 6 and a rear, upper air outlet 7. A particle receptacle 8 for the straw particles P from which the silicate S has been removed is provided below the air outlet 7. Upstream of the particle receptacle 8 in the direction of flow is a coarse material receptacle 9 for receiving foreign bodies, e.g. B. stones or The same coarse material G. In this sifting device, the silicate particles S are entrained by the air flow due to their very small and uniform size and discharged via the air outlet 7, while the plant particles intended for further processing, e.g. B. straw particles P due to gravity in the area of the particle receptacle 8 and are removed from there. In principle, there is the possibility of feeding the straw particles freed from silicate in this way to a gluing device and then pressing the glued particles into a plate in a press after a mat of grit has been formed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, however, the straw particles freed from silicate in the first sifting stage are fed to a second shredding device 10 in a further step - possibly after being temporarily stored in a bunker 13. In the exemplary embodiment, this second shredding device is designed as a fiberizing device in which straw fibers for the production of fiberboard are produced from the straw particles. This fiberizing device 10 can in a fundamentally known manner have a merely indicated digester 11 in which the particles z. B. be softened with excess steam pressure. This is followed in a basically known manner by a refiner 12 in which the softened particles are ground into fibers. The fibers ground in this way reach z. B. via a (not shown) blowline after appropriate drying in the embodiment shown not directly in the area of a gluing device, but before the gluing takes place in a second viewing device 14, a renewed separation of silicate particles from the straw particles or the straw fibers now produced.

Dabei besteht stets die Möglichkeit, den Partikelstrom in mehrere parallele Teilströme aufzuteilen und folglich mit mehreren parallelen Sichtvorrichtungen zu arbeiten. In den Figuren ist beispielhaft lediglich jeweils eine Sichtvorrichtung dargestellt. Die in Fig. 1 lediglich angedeutete zweite Sichtvorrichtung 14 ist wiederum als Windsichter ausgebildet. Sie ist grundsätzlich in der gleichen Weise aufgebaut und funktioniert in der gleichen Weise wie die bereits beschriebene erste Sichtvorrichtung 3, wobei im Bereich der zweiten Sichtvorrichtung ggf. auf die Grobgutaufnahme bzw. Steinfalle verzichtet werden kann. Jedenfalls werden in dieser zweiten Sichtstufe erneut Silikatpartikel S über einen Luftauslass 7 abgeführt und entsorgt oder für andere Prozesse verwendet. Die von Silikat S befreiten Strohfasern P werden wiederum über die Partikelaufnahme 8 abgeführt und ggf. nach Zwischenspeicherung in einem Bunker 20 einer Beleimungsvorrichtung 15 zugeführt. Dabei können auch hier mehrere Beleimungsvorrichtungen für einen parallelen Betrieb vorgesehen sein, in der Zeichnung ist lediglich beispielhaft eine Beleimungsvorrichtung 15 dargestellt. Diese Beleimungsvorrichtung 15 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als Beleimungsmischer ausgebildet, der in seiner Bauweise und Funktionsweise der in der DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 beschriebenen Mischvorrichtung entspricht. In diesen Beleimungsmischer erfolgt z. B. eine Beleimung der Strohfasern mit einem Isocyanat oder einem anderen Leim.There is always the possibility of dividing the particle flow into several parallel partial flows and consequently working with several parallel viewing devices. In the figures, only one viewing device is shown by way of example shown. In the Fig. 1 only indicated second viewing device 14 is again designed as a wind sifter. It is basically constructed in the same way and functions in the same way as the first sighting device 3 already described, with the coarse material pick-up or stone trap possibly being dispensed with in the area of the second sighting device. In any case, in this second classification stage, silicate particles S are again discharged via an air outlet 7 and disposed of or used for other processes. The straw fibers P freed from silicate S are in turn discharged via the particle receiver 8 and, if necessary, after being temporarily stored in a bunker 20, fed to a gluing device 15. Here, too, several gluing devices can be provided for parallel operation; one gluing device 15 is only shown in the drawing as an example. In the exemplary embodiment, this gluing device 15 is designed as a gluing mixer which, in its construction and mode of operation, is similar to that shown in FIG DE 10 2009 057 916 B4 corresponds to the mixing device described. In this glue mixer z. B. gluing the straw fibers with an isocyanate or other glue.

Die auf diese Weise hergestellten und von Silikat befreiten beleimten Strohfasern stehen nun für die Herstellung von Faserplatten zur Verfügung. Dazu werden Sie z. B. über einen Fasersichter 21, in dem Leimklumpen oder dergleichen abgetrennt werden, einer Streuvorrichtung 22 zugeführt. Mit dieser Streuvorrichtung 22 werden die beleimten Strohfasern unter Bildung einer Streugutmatte auf z. B. einem Streubandförderer 23 aufgestreut und von dort gelangen sie ggf. nach einer weiteren Vorbehandlung, z. B. in einer Vorpresse 24, in eine Heißpresse 25, in der die Streugutmatte aus beleimten Strohfasern zu einer Faserplatte verpresst wird. Bei der Presse 25 kann es sich z. B. um eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Presse 25 in der Ausführungsform als Doppelbandpresse handeln.The glued straw fibers produced in this way and freed from silicate are now available for the production of fiberboard. To do this, you will e.g. B. is fed to a scattering device 22 via a fiber sifter 21 in which lumps of glue or the like are separated. With this scattering device 22, the glued straw fibers are placed on z. B. a scatter belt conveyor 23 and from there they may go after a further pretreatment, z. B. in a prepress 24, in a hot press 25, in which the grit mat made of glued straw fibers is pressed into a fiber board. The press 25 can be, for. B. to act a continuously operating press 25 in the embodiment as a double belt press.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Sichtvorrichtung 3 bzw. 14 für das Abtrennen von Silikatpartikeln aus dem Partikelstrom der Strohpartikel oder Strohfasern. Diese Sichtvorrichtung ist in den Figuren 2 und 5 dargestellt.The viewing device 3 or 14 is of particular importance for separating silicate particles from the particle stream of straw particles or straw fibers. This viewing device is in the Figures 2 and 5 shown.

Die Sichtvorrichtung 3 bzw. 14 ist als Windsichter ausgebildet. Diese weist im Ausführungsbeispiel ein kastenförmiges Gehäuse 5 mit dem Materialeinlass 4, dem Lufteinlass 6, dem Luftauslass 7 sowie der Partikelaufnahme 8 und der Grobgutaufnahme 9 auf. An den Materialeinlass 4 ist ein oberer Fallschacht 16 angeschlossen, in dem Auflösewalzen 17 angeordnet sind. Außerdem sind Zuführschnecken 18 angedeutet, über welche das jeweilige Material dem Materialeinlass 4 zugeführt wird. Dabei erstreckt sich der Materialeinlass 4 im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Breite des Sichtergehäuses 5, wobei in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Materialeinlass 4 in die obere Decke des Sichtergehäuses integriert ist, so dass das Material von oben in das Sichtergehäuse fällt. In die vordere Frontwand des Sichtergehäuses ist im oberen Bereich der Lufteinlass 6 integriert. Auch dieser Lufteinlass 6 kann sich über die gesamte Breite des Sichtergehäuses 5 erstrecken. Im Bereich der hinteren Rückwand des Sichtergehäuses ist der Luftauslass 7 angeordnet, wobei sich dieser ebenfalls über die gesamte Breite des Sichtergehäuses erstreckt und dann in zumindest eine Auslassleitung 27 mit reduziertem Durchmesser übergeht, wobei über diese Leitung oder Leitungen 27 die störenden Silikatpartikel S mit dem Luftstrom abgeführt werden. Im Bereich der unteren Partikelaufnahme 8 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel Abführschnecken 29 vorgesehen, mit denen die von Silikat befreiten Strohpartikel P abgeführt und Abführleitungen zugeführt werden.The viewing device 3 or 14 is designed as a wind sifter. In the exemplary embodiment, this has a box-shaped housing 5 with the material inlet 4, the air inlet 6, the air outlet 7 and the particle receptacle 8 and the coarse material receptacle 9. An upper chute 16, in which opening rollers 17 are arranged, is connected to the material inlet 4. In addition, feed screws 18 are indicated, via which the respective material is fed to the material inlet 4. The material inlet 4 extends essentially over the entire width of the separator housing 5, with the material inlet 4 being integrated into the upper ceiling of the separator housing in the illustrated embodiment, so that the material falls into the separator housing from above. The air inlet 6 is integrated in the upper area of the front wall of the separator housing. This air inlet 6 can also extend over the entire width of the separator housing 5. In the area of the rear rear wall of the separator housing, the air outlet 7 is arranged, which also extends over the entire width of the separator housing and then merges into at least one outlet line 27 with a reduced diameter, whereby the disruptive silicate particles S with the air flow via this line or lines 27 be discharged. In the exemplary embodiment, discharge screws 29 are provided in the area of the lower particle receptacle 8, with which the straw particles P from which the silicate has been removed are discharged and discharge lines are supplied.

In Fig. 5 sind die Strömungsverhältnisse in dem Sichter gezeigt. Es ist erkennbar, dass die Silikatpartikel S aufgrund ihrer kleinen Dimension nach Art eines Aerosols mit dem Luftstrom über den oberen Luftauslass 7 abgeführt werden, während die Strohpartikel P schwerkraftbedingt herabfallen und in den Bereich der Partikelaufnahme 8 fallen. Grobgut G, z. B. Steine fallen unmittelbar nach Eintritt in das Gehäuse 5 in den Bereich der Grobgutaufnahme 9, die auch als "Steinfalle" bezeichnet wird.In Fig. 5 the flow conditions in the classifier are shown. It can be seen that, due to their small dimensions, the silicate particles S are carried away with the air flow via the upper air outlet 7 in the manner of an aerosol, while the straw particles P fall down due to gravity and fall into the area of the particle receptacle 8. Coarse material G, e.g. B. stones fall immediately after entering the housing 5 in the area of the coarse material receptacle 9, which is also referred to as a "stone trap".

Die Strömung innerhalb des Sichters wird im Ausführungsbeispiel über eine Absaugung realisiert, d. h. an den Luftauslass sind jeweils Absaugventilatoren angeschlossen, so dass die Zuluft Z über den Lufteinlass 6 gleichsam passiv zugeführt wird. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt in der ersten Sichtstufe eine Zufuhr von Frischluft, während in der zweiten Sichtstufe die Sichtluft im (nicht dargestellten) Kreislauf geführt wird, so dass sich die Feuchte in diesem Stadium des Prozesses nach der Zerfaserung konstant halten lässt.In the exemplary embodiment, the flow within the sifter is implemented via a suction device, i. H. Suction fans are connected to the air outlet, so that the supply air Z is, as it were, supplied passively via the air inlet 6. In the illustrated embodiment, fresh air is supplied in the first sifting stage, while in the second sifting stage the sifting air is guided in the circuit (not shown) so that the humidity can be kept constant in this stage of the process after the defibering.

Im Übrigen ist in den Figuren 2 bis 4 erkennbar, dass das Sichtergehäuse in der dargestellten Ausführungsform in sehr einfacher Weise aus mehreren ISO-Frachtcontainern hergestellt ist, und zwar aus drei übereinander angeordneten Standardcontainern 28 mit einer Länge von jeweils 40 ft. Eine solche Bauweise hat den großen Vorteil, dass ein einfacher Transport der einzelnen Komponenten erfolgen kann.Incidentally, in the Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that the sifter housing in the embodiment shown is made in a very simple manner from several ISO freight containers, namely from three standard containers 28 arranged one above the other, each 40 ft in length. Such a design has the great advantage that the individual components can be done.

Der Lufteinlass 6 kann z. B. sehr einfach durch geöffnete Containertüren realisiert werden. Dabei kann ein Gitter oder dergleichen in den Einlass integriert sein, um das Eindringen von Fremdkörpern zu verhindern. Außerdem kann ein Regenschutz 26 oberhalb des Einlasses 6 angeordnet sein.The air inlet 6 can, for. B. can be implemented very easily by opening the container doors. A grille or the like can be integrated into the inlet in order to prevent foreign bodies from entering. In addition, a rain protection 26 can be arranged above the inlet 6.

Claims (13)

  1. A system for the production of glued plant particles, in particular from annual plants, for the production of panels, for example, fiberboard or chipboard,
    having at least one comminution device (2) for comminuting plant starting material into plant particles that can be spread and
    having a gluing device (15) for gluing the plant particles,
    characterized in that
    at least one first sifting device (3) for separating silicate particles having a diameter of less than 50 µm from the plant particles is arranged between the comminution device (2) and the gluing device (15).
  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a second comminution device (10) is arranged between the first sifting device (3) and the gluing device (15), in which second comminution device (10) the plant particles are further comminuted and that a second sifting device (14) for separating silicate particles from the plant particles is arranged between the second comminution device and the gluing device (15).
  3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sifting device (3, 14) is implemented as an air classifier in which the supplied plant particles are subjected to an air flow, wherein the silicate particles are conveyed away with the air flow via an air outlet (7) and the plant particles are picked up and conveyed away due to gravity by at least one particle receptacle (8) arranged below the air outlet.
  4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the air classifier comprises a material inlet (4) for the supply of the plant particles, an air inlet (6) arranged below the material inlet (4), the air outlet (7) and the particle receptacle (8) arranged below the air outlet (7).
  5. The system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the air classifier comprises, in addition to the particle receptacle (8), a coarse material receptacle (9) for foreign bodies arranged upstream thereof in the direction of flow.
  6. The system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the second comminution device (10) is implemented as a defibration device for producing plant particles implemented as plant fibers.
  7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sifting device (3, 14) comprises a box-shaped housing (5), wherein the material inlet (4) and/or the air inlet (6) and/or the air outlet (7) extends or extend over the entire width of the housing (5).
  8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that opening rollers (17) are arranged in the material inlet or in a fall shaft (16) connected thereto
    and/or
    a discharge device (29) is integrated into the particle receptacle (8), or connected thereto, which discharge device, for example, comprises one or a plurality of discharge screws (29).
  9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sifter housing (5) is formed of a plurality of standard freight containers (28) arranged one above the other.
  10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gluing device (15) comprises a drum mixer or is implemented as a drum mixer.
  11. The system for the production of panels from plant particles, in particular for the production of fiberboard or chipboard, having a system for the production of glued plant particles according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and
    having a spreading device (22) arranged downstream of the gluing device (15) for producing a grit mat from the glued plant particles and
    a press (25) arranged downstream of the spreading device (22), in which press the grit mat is pressed into a panel.
  12. A method for the production of panels from plant particles using a system according to claim 11,
    plant particles being produced from plant starting material, in particular from annual plants, by comminution and said plant particles then being glued,
    a grit mat being produced from the glued plant particles and said grit mat being pressed into a panel in a press,
    after the starting material has been comminuted, and prior to gluing, silicate particles having a diameter of less than 50 µm are separated from the plant particles.
  13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that in two stages, on the one hand, after a first comminution and, on the other hand, after a second comminution, for example, defibration, silicate particles are respectively separated from the particle stream.
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DE102017120043B3 (en) 2018-12-20
EP3641996A1 (en) 2020-04-29

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