EP3631314A1 - Heating conductor and heating device - Google Patents

Heating conductor and heating device

Info

Publication number
EP3631314A1
EP3631314A1 EP18728811.3A EP18728811A EP3631314A1 EP 3631314 A1 EP3631314 A1 EP 3631314A1 EP 18728811 A EP18728811 A EP 18728811A EP 3631314 A1 EP3631314 A1 EP 3631314A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
heating conductor
polymer structure
air
conductor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18728811.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Michael Schwanecke
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Bengt Meier
Christoph J RG
Vitali Dell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP3631314A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631314A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating conductor and an electrical
  • Heater in particular air heater, preferably for a motor vehicle.
  • Electric air heaters are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually made with heat exchanger surfaces
  • a PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, which at low
  • Disadvantages of conventional air heaters with ceramic PTC elements include i.a. an elaborate production by a comparatively complicated heat exchanger production and the installation of the ceramic elements, a usually necessary sorting of the ceramic elements due to manufacturing tolerances, a comparatively unfavorable power density in a heating element heat exchanger composite by a local heat generation, a comparatively strong restriction a maximum heating power through a thickness of the PTC material (due to a limited heat dissipation from the ceramic) and a comparatively high risk of short circuit, in particular due to a small geometric distance of components with a high voltage potential.
  • the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heater, in particular an electric air heater, more preferably for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, wherein the heating conductor is at least partially formed of an open-pore, conductive polymer structure.
  • a central idea of the invention is to propose an electrical heating conductor which is formed (at least partially, for example at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, if appropriate completely) from an open-pored (conductive) polymer structure , This allows a simple, inexpensive production by a few (in a simple manner
  • An open-pore polymer structure is to be understood in particular as meaning a polymer structure which contains a polymer component and has open pores.
  • the pores are preferably irregular in shape (such as in a polymer foam), but may also be formed regularly if desired.
  • Diameter of the pores is preferably ⁇ 2 mm, more preferably ⁇ 0.5 mm. If a diameter of the pores fluctuates, in particular a
  • the porosity (defined as void volume to total volume) is preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and / or at most 90%, preferably
  • the polymer structure comprises (or consists of) a polymer foam.
  • the polymer structure may comprise a polymer knit and / or a polymer fabric and / or a polymer knit and / or a polymer fleece.
  • the polymer structure preferably comprises a (in particular electrically insulating) polymer component and an electrically conductive
  • the heating element of a fluid to be heated in particular air, can flow.
  • the polymer structure may be plate-shaped or generally polyhedral,
  • the polymer structure can be used in particular as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings / pores or
  • Air channels may be formed.
  • the carbon component may be in particulate form and / or as a carbon skeleton.
  • the carbon component may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the polymer component may be in the form of an electrically insulating
  • Polymer component may be formed and / or a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate or ethylene acetate copolymer and / or ethylene acrylate or ethylene acrylate copolymer and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or Polyester and / or polyamide and / or
  • Polyether ketone and / or fluoropolymer include.
  • the term "subcomponent" is intended here in particular to distinguish between first and second polymer components. Subcomponent can be used. The respective subcomponent can form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • the polymer structure may alternatively or additionally a particular intrinsically conductive polymer, such as. Polyaniline (PANI) and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT).
  • PANI Polyaniline
  • PEDOT poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
  • the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heating appliance, in particular an electric air heating appliance
  • a vehicle in particular motor vehicle, solved, comprising at least one air duct for passing the air to be heated and at least one heating resistor, which comprises a self-supporting (dimensionally stable), electrically conductive plastic structure, in particular polymer structure.
  • a core idea is that an electric heater, in particular air heater or a corresponding heating element, a heating of the air via an electrically conductive, self-supporting, plastic structure is realized.
  • the plastic structure is preferably dimensionally stable (or self-supporting) in the case of temperatures occurring during operation of the air heater, ie in a temperature range of for example -40 ° C. to 120 or to 200 ° C. or possibly more. This will make the structure easy to produce
  • the heating conductor is non-self-supporting.
  • an air channel extends or several air channels extend through the conductive polymer structure.
  • the corresponding air ducts can therefore already be provided integrally in the plastic structure or be formed by them.
  • an easily manufactured and stable plastic structure for heating the air can be provided.
  • a frame, in particular mounting frame and / or at least one electrical lead can be at least partially or entirely the same material as the
  • the polymer structure is preferably formed as a grid or honeycomb structure. As a result, effective heating can be facilitated in a simple manner.
  • the polymer structure may be made by master molding.
  • the primary forming preferably comprises: casting, in particular injection molding and / or pressure casting, pressing, in particular extrusion and / or compression molding, and / or a
  • the polymer structure is preferably formed in one piece, in particular monolithic, (possibly including a frame, in particular installation frame, and / or at least one electrical supply line).
  • the polymer structure may comprise at least 6, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 40, air channels (openings or pores).
  • Cross-sections of at least one or more or all air channels (or pores) may be polygonal, in particular hexagonal or quadrangular, preferably rectangular (more preferably square) or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • a cross section within an air duct may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections
  • different air channels may differ or be the same.
  • Short circuits can be a protective layer (paint or seal) on the entire air heater or at least exposed areas of the
  • Polymer structure may be provided.
  • Heater in particular fluid heater, z.
  • liquid or air heater air heater, in particular for a vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle, comprising a heating conductor of the type described above.
  • the polymer structure is electrically contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a metal sheet and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh.
  • the above object is further achieved by the use of the above heating conductor or the above heating device for heating a fluid, in particular air, preferably in a vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle interior.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for operating a heater of the type described above, wherein air flows through the polymer structure and is thereby heated.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor and / or an air heater of the type described above, wherein the
  • Polymer structure is produced by foaming.
  • the individual pores branch out (especially in many cases).
  • the polymer structure is formed as a one-piece, in particular monolithic, structure.
  • the polymer structure is preferably produced by foaming.
  • the polymer structure is preferably dimensionally stable per se, so preferably also retains its shape when other components of the air heater are removed (or have not yet been added or integrated with another
  • the electric air heater preferably has at least one electrical (metallic) connection element, such as preferably a metal wire,
  • the polymer structure can be foamed to such a connection element (or a plurality of connection elements).
  • the carbon component may be formed or arranged to allow flow of current, e.g. B. in particle form (where the particles
  • the polymer structure comprises at least 100 pores, at least 500 pores.
  • Carbon component should be understood as an abbreviation for “electrically conductive” become.
  • the term “insulating”, in particular with regard to the polymer structure is to be understood as an abbreviation for “electrically insulating”.
  • An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood, having at room temperature (25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1). Accordingly, is an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) to be understood with electrical conductivity, a material that is an electrical
  • the polymer structure may be formed as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings or air channels).
  • Polymer component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • the first component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • Polymer component form a (skeletal) framework in which the
  • Carbon component is added or vice versa.
  • the polymer structure comprises at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight and / or less than 50%.
  • Carbon possibly without consideration of a carbon content of the polymer as such
  • the carbon component such as. B. the carbon particles.
  • the carbon component comprises at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of carbon.
  • the polymer component is in particular in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component or comprises such.
  • the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
  • Ethylene acrylate (copolymer) and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer include.
  • the term "subcomponent" is to be used here in particular to distinguish between the first and second polymer subcomponent .
  • the particular subcomponent may form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
  • PFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester
  • MFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester
  • FEP copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
  • the first polymer subcomponent as in FIG. 1
  • WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed.
  • the second polymer subcomponent can likewise be formed as described in WO 2014/188190 A1 (as a second-electrically insulating material).
  • the polymer structure may be contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • a metal structure preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • the polymer structure and / or a corresponding substance to be shaped out (eg paste) for the production thereof may (in particular crystalline
  • Binder comprise at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. As ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or
  • polyacetylene or polyalkenylene such as.
  • polyoctenamer such as.
  • fluoropolymer such as.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof As polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof.
  • Binders (especially according to p. 4, 2nd paragraph and p. 5, 1st paragraph of
  • the polymer structure is preferably a PTC resistor.
  • Polymer body especially with regard to the pores (openings) for the air to be heated, a high component surface can be realized, which allows a high heat output with low space due to a good convective heat transfer.
  • metallic connecting elements of the electrical resistance in the transition into the polymer structure (or a polymer material of the
  • Polymer structure are minimized and the risk of deterioration of the contact over the life can be reduced.
  • the polymer structure can not only fulfill the task of a heat conductor, but at the same time enable further functions as an (integral) component, in particular forming a frame or connecting surfaces for the heater.
  • the air heater is preferably designed for operation in the low-voltage range (eg ⁇ 100 volts or ⁇ 60 volts).
  • the heating conductor or at least its conductive polymer structure may comprise a plurality of parts, which are optionally electrically connected to each other in series or parallel connection.
  • the heating conductor or at least its conductive structure can be arranged meandering.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor or heater of the above type, wherein the
  • Air ducts (openings or pores) produced during the prototyping. Furthermore, electrical connection structures during the prototyping with the
  • Plastic structure are connected, in particular embedded in these.
  • motor vehicle comprising the above electric heater and / or the above heating conductor.
  • prototypes are understood to mean a production method in which a (solid) body is produced from an informal or deformable (eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable) material that is dimensionally stable (or a geometrically defined shape Has).
  • an informal or deformable eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable
  • a tool for carrying out the primary shaping eg injection molding tool
  • At least one electrical connection element such as preferably a metal wire, metal grid, metal sheet and / or sheet metal Strip, are connected to the polymer structure, preferably in the
  • Embedded polymer structure Under a compound is in particular a cohesive (solid) connection to understand. Alternatively or additionally, a positive connection (eg by means of corresponding projections or recesses provided on the connection element) is provided.
  • a positive connection eg by means of corresponding projections or recesses provided on the connection element.
  • Mold in particular injection molding tool, arranged (or inserted into such).
  • prototyping eg.
  • Injection molding in the mold (injection mold) connecting cables are inserted from sheet metal strips.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the air heater according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the air heater of FIG .. 3
  • the same reference numerals are used for identical and equivalent parts.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention.
  • the air heater comprises an electrical heating conductor, which is designed as an open-pored, conductive polymer structure 10.
  • the polymer structure 10 is connected via electrical terminal strips 11 with contacts 12a, 12b for their contacting.
  • contacts 12a, 12b for their contacting.
  • FIG. 2 In the sectional side view according to FIG. 2, in particular the flow direction of an air flow can be seen, which is indicated by the arrow 13.
  • the electrical connection strips are preferably made of metal.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of an electric air heater according to the invention.
  • the air heater has a plastic structure (polymer structure) 10.
  • air channels 15 are integrated.
  • the air channels 15 are formed by a corresponding honeycomb structure 17.
  • the honeycomb structure 17 is stabilized by frame parts 18.
  • the frame parts 18 are (integral) part of
  • the frame members 18 not only stabilize the honeycomb structure 17 (or the plastic structure 10 as a whole), but also form electrical connection elements, which conduct a current at a
  • FIG. 4 A corresponding side view of a section is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the frame parts 18 can be supplemented to a (circumferential) frame.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric heating conductor, in particular for an electric heating device, preferably and air heating device, the heating conductor being formed, at least in sections, from an open-pore, conductive polymer structure (10).

Description

Heizleiter sowie Heizgerät  Heating conductor and heater
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Heizleiter sowie ein elektrisches The invention relates to an electrical heating conductor and an electrical
Heizgerät, insbesondere Luftheizgerät, vorzugsweise für ein Kraftfahrzeug. Heater, in particular air heater, preferably for a motor vehicle.
Elektrische Luftheizgeräte (insbesondere solche, die in mobilen Anwendungen eingesetzt werden) basieren zumeist auf keramischen Heiz-Elementen mit einem vergleichsweise stark temperaturabhängigen elektrischen Widerstand, durch den eine Selbstregelung der Wärmeabgabe ermöglicht wird. Bei diesen Widerständen handelt es sich üblicherweise um PTC-Elemente (PTC für Positive Temperature Coefficient). Diese sind in der Regel mit Wärmeübertrager-Flächen aus Electric air heaters (especially those used in mobile applications) are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible. These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually made with heat exchanger surfaces
Aluminiumblech verbunden und werden darüber auch elektrisch kontaktiert. Ein PTC-Element umfasst einen PTC-Widerstand, also einen temperaturabhängigen Widerstand mit einen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten, der bei tiefen Aluminum sheet connected and are also contacted electrically. A PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, which at low
Temperaturen den elektrischen Strom besser leitet als bei hohen Temperaturen. Temperatures conduct electricity better than at high temperatures.
Nachteile von herkömmlichen Luftheizgeräten mit Keramik-PTC-Elementen sind u.a. eine aufwändige Herstellung durch eine vergleichsweise komplizierte Wärmeübertrager-Fertigung und der Einbau der Keramik-Elemente, eine üblicherweise notwendige Sortierung der Keramik-Elemente aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen, eine vergleichsweise ungünstige Leistungsdichte in einem Heizelement-Wärmeübertrager-Verbund durch eine lokale Wärmeerzeugung, eine vergleichsweise starke Einschränkung einer maximalen Heizleistung durch eine Dicke des PTC-Materials (aufgrund einer begrenzten Wärmeabfuhr aus der Keramik) sowie eine vergleichsweise hohe Kurzschlussgefahr, insbesondere aufgrund eines geringen geometrischen Abstands von Bauteilen mit einem hohen Spannungspotential. Disadvantages of conventional air heaters with ceramic PTC elements include i.a. an elaborate production by a comparatively complicated heat exchanger production and the installation of the ceramic elements, a usually necessary sorting of the ceramic elements due to manufacturing tolerances, a comparatively unfavorable power density in a heating element heat exchanger composite by a local heat generation, a comparatively strong restriction a maximum heating power through a thickness of the PTC material (due to a limited heat dissipation from the ceramic) and a comparatively high risk of short circuit, in particular due to a small geometric distance of components with a high voltage potential.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen elektrischen Heizleiter vorzuschlagen, der eine effektive Aufheizung, insbesondere von Luft, ermöglicht. Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein entsprechendes elektrisches Luftheizgerät It is an object of the invention to provide an electric heating element, which enables effective heating, in particular of air. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a corresponding electric air heater
vorzuschlagen. Insbesondere soll bei einem vergleichsweise geringen Bauraum eine hohe Leistungsdichte erzielt werden. Diese Aufgabe wird insbesondere durch einen elektrischen Heizleiter nach propose. In particular, a high power density should be achieved with a comparatively small space. This task is in particular by an electrical heating element after
Anspruch 1 gelöst. Claim 1 solved.
Insbesondere wird die Aufgabe durch einen elektrischen Heizleiter, vorzugsweise für ein Heizgerät, inbesondere ein elektrisches Luftheizgerät, weiter vorzugsweise für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, gelöst, wobei der Heizleiter zumindest abschnittsweise aus einer offenporigen, leitfähigen Polymerstruktur gebildet wird. In particular, the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heater, in particular an electric air heater, more preferably for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, wherein the heating conductor is at least partially formed of an open-pore, conductive polymer structure.
Ein Kerngedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, einen elektrischen Heizleiter vorzuschlagen, der (zumindest teilweise, z. B. zu mindestens 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew.-%, ggf. vollständig) aus einer offenporigen (leitfähigen) Polymerstruktur gebildet wird. Dadurch kann eine einfache, kostengünstige Herstellung durch wenige (auf einfache Art und Weise A central idea of the invention is to propose an electrical heating conductor which is formed (at least partially, for example at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, if appropriate completely) from an open-pored (conductive) polymer structure , This allows a simple, inexpensive production by a few (in a simple manner
automatisierbare) Prozessschritte und mittels kostengünstiger Materialien ermöglicht werden. Weiterhin kann eine vergleichsweise hohe Heizleistung (bei geringem Bauraum-Bedarf) erreicht werden. Ein Druckverlust für die zu automatable) process steps and using low-cost materials are made possible. Furthermore, a comparatively high heat output (with a small space requirement) can be achieved. A pressure loss for the too
wärmende Luft ist vergleichsweise gering. warming air is comparatively low.
Unter einer offenporigen Polymerstruktur ist insbesondere eine Polymerstruktur zu verstehen, die eine Polymerkomponente enthält und offene Poren aufweist. Die Poren sind vorzugsweise unregelmäßig geformt (wie beispielsweise in einem Polymerschaum), können jedoch auch ggf. regelmäßig geformt sein. Ein An open-pore polymer structure is to be understood in particular as meaning a polymer structure which contains a polymer component and has open pores. The pores are preferably irregular in shape (such as in a polymer foam), but may also be formed regularly if desired. One
Durchmesser der Poren ist vorzugsweise < 2 mm, weiter vorzugsweise < 0,5 mm. Wenn ein Durchmesser der Poren schwankt, soll hier insbesondere ein Diameter of the pores is preferably <2 mm, more preferably <0.5 mm. If a diameter of the pores fluctuates, in particular a
arithmetisches Mittel hinsichtlich der obigen Werte gelten (wenn der Durchmesser von Pore zu Pore schwankt). Wenn der Durchmesser innerhalb einer einzelnen Pore schwankt, soll insbesondere ein Öffnungsdurchmesser der jeweiligen Pore (an einer Außenseite der Polymerstruktur) gelten. Die Porosität (definiert als Hohlraumvolumen zu Gesamtvolumen) ist vorzugsweise mindestens 10 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 20 % und/oder höchstens 90 % vorzugsweise arithmetic mean in terms of the above values (when the diameter varies from pore to pore). When the diameter fluctuates within a single pore, in particular, an opening diameter of the respective pore should apply (on an outer side of the polymer structure). The porosity (defined as void volume to total volume) is preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and / or at most 90%, preferably
höchstens 80 %. Als Durchmesser soll insbesondere der maximal mögliche Abstand eines Punktepaares in dem jeweiligen Querschnitt bzw. der jeweiligen Öffnungsfläche der Pore gelten. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Polymerstruktur einen Polymerschaum (oder besteht aus einem solchen). Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Polymerstruktur ein Polymergestrick und/oder ein Polymergewebe und/oder ein Polymergewirk und/oder ein Polymervlies umfassen. at most 80%. The diameter should in particular be the maximum possible distance of a pair of points in the respective cross-section or the respective opening area of the pore. Preferably, the polymer structure comprises (or consists of) a polymer foam. Alternatively or additionally, the polymer structure may comprise a polymer knit and / or a polymer fabric and / or a polymer knit and / or a polymer fleece.
Die Polymerstruktur umfasst vorzugsweise eine (insbesondere elektrisch isolierende) Polymerkomponente und eine elektrisch leitfähige The polymer structure preferably comprises a (in particular electrically insulating) polymer component and an electrically conductive
Kohlenstoffkomponente. Dadurch kann eine effektive Aufheizung, insbesondere mit einem PTC-Verhalten des Heizleiters, realisiert werden. Carbon component. As a result, an effective heating, in particular with a PTC behavior of the heating element can be realized.
Vorzugsweise ist der Heizleiter von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid, insbesondere Luft, durchströmbar. Preferably, the heating element of a fluid to be heated, in particular air, can flow.
Die Polymerstruktur kann plattenförmig oder allgemein polyedrische, The polymer structure may be plate-shaped or generally polyhedral,
insbesondere quaderförmig ausgebildet sein und/oder eine Dicke von mindestens 2 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 5 mm aufweisen. Die Polymerstruktur kann insbesondere als Polymerplatte (mit entsprechenden Öffnungen/Poren bzw. in particular cuboid and / or have a thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm. The polymer structure can be used in particular as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings / pores or
Luftkanälen) ausgebildet sein. Air channels) may be formed.
Die Kohlenstoffkomponente kann in Partikelform und/oder als Kohlenstoffgerüst vorliegen. The carbon component may be in particulate form and / or as a carbon skeleton.
Die Kohlenstoffkomponente kann in Form von Ruß und/oder Graphit und/oder Graphen und/oder Kohlenstofffasern und/oder Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren vorliegen. The carbon component may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
Die Polymerkomponente kann in Form einer elektrisch isolierenden The polymer component may be in the form of an electrically insulating
Polymerkomponente ausgebildet sein und/oder eine erste Polymer- Teilkomponente auf Basis von Ethylenacetat oder Ethylenacetat-Copolymer und/oder Ethylenacrylat oder Ethylenacrylat-Copolymer und/oder eine zweite Polymer-Teilkomponente auf Basis von Polyolefin, insbesondere Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen, und/oder Polyester und/oder Polyamid und/oder Polymer component may be formed and / or a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate or ethylene acetate copolymer and / or ethylene acrylate or ethylene acrylate copolymer and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or Polyester and / or polyamide and / or
Polyetherketon und/oder Fluorpolymer umfassen. Der Begriff„Teilkomponente" soll hier insbesondere zur Unterscheidung zwischen erster und zweiter Polymer- Teilkomponente verwendet werden. Die jeweilige Teilkomponente kann entweder teilweise oder auch vollständig die Polymerkomponente ausbilden. Polyether ketone and / or fluoropolymer include. The term "subcomponent" is intended here in particular to distinguish between first and second polymer components. Subcomponent can be used. The respective subcomponent can form either partially or completely the polymer component.
Die Polymerstruktur kann alternativ oder zusätzlich ein insbesondere intrinsisch leitfähiges Polymer, wie z. B. Polyanilin (PANI) und/oder Poly-3,4- ethylendioxythiophen (PEDOT) umfassen. The polymer structure may alternatively or additionally a particular intrinsically conductive polymer, such as. Polyaniline (PANI) and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT).
Gemäß einem unabhängigen Aspekt der Erfindung (der mit den obigen und/oder nachfolgenden Aspekten, optional auch ohne eine offenporige Struktur verbunden werden kann) wird die Aufgabe durch einen elektrischen Heizleiter, vorzugsweise für ein Heizgerät, insbesondere ein elektrisches Luftheizgerät, weiter According to an independent aspect of the invention (which can be connected to the above and / or subsequent aspects, optionally also without an open-pored structure), the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heating appliance, in particular an electric air heating appliance
vorzugsweise für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, gelöst, umfassend mindestens einen Luftkanal zum Durchleiten der zu heizenden Luft sowie mindestens einen Heizwiderstand, der eine sich selbst tragende (formstabile), elektrisch leitfähige Kunststoffstruktur, insbesondere Polymerstruktur, umfasst. Ein Kerngedanke liegt dabei darin, dass ein elektrisches Heizgerät, insbesondere Luftheizgerät bzw. ein entsprechender Heizleiter ein Aufheizen der Luft über eine elektrisch leitfähige, sich selbst tragende, Kunststoffstruktur realisiert wird. preferably for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, solved, comprising at least one air duct for passing the air to be heated and at least one heating resistor, which comprises a self-supporting (dimensionally stable), electrically conductive plastic structure, in particular polymer structure. A core idea is that an electric heater, in particular air heater or a corresponding heating element, a heating of the air via an electrically conductive, self-supporting, plastic structure is realized.
Vorzugsweise ist die Kunststoffstruktur bei im Betrieb des Luftheizgerätes auftretenden Temperaturen formstabil (bzw. sich selbst-tragend ausgebildet), also in einem Temperaturbereich von beispielsweise -40 °C bis 120 oder bis 200 °C oder ggf. mehr. Dadruch wird eine einfach herstellbare Struktur The plastic structure is preferably dimensionally stable (or self-supporting) in the case of temperatures occurring during operation of the air heater, ie in a temperature range of for example -40 ° C. to 120 or to 200 ° C. or possibly more. This will make the structure easy to produce
vorgeschlagen, die ein effizientes Aufheizen ermöglicht. Insbesondere können dabei eine integrierte Bauweise und vergleichsweise einfache (insbesondere serientaugliche) Herstellungsverfahren, wie Urformen, beispielsweise proposed, which allows an efficient heating. In particular, an integrated construction and comparatively simple (in particular production-suitable) production methods, such as prototypes, for example
Spritzgießen, zum Einsatz kommen. Weiterhin ist eine Anpassung an Injection molding, are used. Furthermore, an adaptation to
unterschiedliche Bauräume und Heizleistungsanforderungen problemlos möglich. Durch Beheizung des gesamten Materials der Kunststoffstruktur kann eine hohe Leistungsdichte erreicht werden. Weiterhin kann ein niedriger Druckverlust bei entsprechendem (vergleichsweise geringem) Materialeinsatz ermöglicht werden. Zuletzt besteht auch ein geringes Spannungspotential von benachbarten Different installation spaces and heating power requirements easily possible. By heating the entire material of the plastic structure, a high power density can be achieved. Furthermore, a low pressure loss can be made possible with corresponding (comparatively small) use of material. Lastly, there is also a low voltage potential from neighboring ones
Bauteilen, so dass keine (oder eine nur deutlich reduzierte) Kurzschlussgefahr vorliegt. Grundsätzlich kann anstelle einer Polymerstruktur auch eine sonstige leitfähige Kunststoffstruktur zum Einsatz kommen. Components, so that there is no (or only a significantly reduced) risk of short circuit. In principle, instead of a polymer structure, another conductive plastic structure may also be used.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist der Heizleiter nicht-selbsttragend ausgebildet. In an alternative embodiment, the heating conductor is non-self-supporting.
Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich ein Luftkanal oder erstecken sich mehrere Luftkanäle durch die leitfähige Polymerstruktur hindurch. Die entsprechenden Luftkanäle (Öffnungen bzw. Poren) können also bereits integral in der Kunststoffstruktur vorgesehen sein bzw. durch diese ausgebildet sein. Dadurch kann eine einfach herstellbare und stabile Kunststoffstruktur zum Aufheizen der Luft bereitgestellt werden. Preferably, an air channel extends or several air channels extend through the conductive polymer structure. The corresponding air ducts (openings or pores) can therefore already be provided integrally in the plastic structure or be formed by them. As a result, an easily manufactured and stable plastic structure for heating the air can be provided.
Ein Rahmen, insbesondere Einbaurahmen und/oder mindestens eine elektrische Zuleitung kann mindestens teilweise oder ganz dasselbe Material wie die A frame, in particular mounting frame and / or at least one electrical lead can be at least partially or entirely the same material as the
Kunststoffstruktur des Heizleiters bzw. Heizwiderstandes aufweisen. Durch eine geeignete geometrische Auslegung (im Querschnitt) kann ggf. die Have plastic structure of the heat conductor or heating resistor. By a suitable geometric design (in cross section) may possibly the
Wärmeerzeugung überwiegend an bestimmten (gewünschten) Stellen erfolgen. Heat generation predominantly done at certain (desired) locations.
Die Polymerstruktur ist vorzugsweise als Gitter- oder Wabenstruktur ausgebildet. Dadurch kann auf einfache Art und Weise ein effektives Aufheizen ermöglicht werden. The polymer structure is preferably formed as a grid or honeycomb structure. As a result, effective heating can be facilitated in a simple manner.
Die Polymerstruktur kann durch Urformen hergestellt sein. Das Urformen umfasst vorzugsweise: ein Gießen, insbesondere Spritzgießen und/oder Druckgießen, ein Pressen, insbesondere Extrudieren und/oder Pressformen, und/oder ein The polymer structure may be made by master molding. The primary forming preferably comprises: casting, in particular injection molding and / or pressure casting, pressing, in particular extrusion and / or compression molding, and / or a
Schäumen. Foam.
Die Polymerstruktur ist vorzugsweise einstückig, insbesondere monolithisch, ausgebildet (ggf. einschließlich eines Rahmens, insbesondere Einbaurahmens, und/oder mindestens einer elektrischen Zuleitung). The polymer structure is preferably formed in one piece, in particular monolithic, (possibly including a frame, in particular installation frame, and / or at least one electrical supply line).
Die Polymerstruktur kann mindestens 6, vorzugsweise mindestens 10, weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 40, Luftkanäle (Öffnungen bzw. Poren) umfassen. Querschnitte mindestens eines oder mehrerer oder aller Luftkanäle (bzw. Poren) können vieleckig, insbesondere sechseckig oder viereckig, vorzugsweise rechteckig (weiter vorzugsweise quadratisch) oder oval, insbesondere elliptisch, vorzugsweise (kreis-)rund sein. Ein Querschnitt innerhalb eines Luftkanals kann variieren oder konstant sein (über dessen Länge). Auch Querschnitte The polymer structure may comprise at least 6, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 40, air channels (openings or pores). Cross-sections of at least one or more or all air channels (or pores) may be polygonal, in particular hexagonal or quadrangular, preferably rectangular (more preferably square) or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular. A cross section within an air duct may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections
verschiedener Luftkanäle können voneinander abweichen oder gleich sein. different air channels may differ or be the same.
Zum Schutz vor mechanischer Beschädigung, Feuchtigkeit und/oder To protect against mechanical damage, moisture and / or
Kurzschlüssen kann eine Schutzschicht (Lackierung bzw. Versiegelung) auf dem gesamten Luftheizgerät oder zumindest freiliegenden Bereichen der Short circuits can be a protective layer (paint or seal) on the entire air heater or at least exposed areas of the
Polymerstruktur vorgesehen sein. Polymer structure may be provided.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein elektrisches The above object is further achieved by an electrical
Heizgerät, insbesondere Fluidheizgerät, z. B. Flüssigkeits- oder Luftheizgerät, Luftheizgerät, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug, vorzugsweise für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend einen Heizleiter der oben beschriebenen Art. Heater, in particular fluid heater, z. As liquid or air heater, air heater, in particular for a vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle, comprising a heating conductor of the type described above.
Vorzugsweise wird die Polymerstruktur durch mindestens eine Metallstruktur, vorzugsweise ein Metallblech und/oder Metallstreifen und/oder Metalldraht und/oder Metallgitter, elektrisch kontaktiert. Preferably, the polymer structure is electrically contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a metal sheet and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch die Verwendung des obigen Heizleiters oder des obigen Heizgerätes für das Aufheizen eines Fluides, insbesondere von Luft, vorzugsweise in einem Fahrzeug, weiter vorzugsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug, weiter vorzugsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeuginnenraum. The above object is further achieved by the use of the above heating conductor or the above heating device for heating a fluid, in particular air, preferably in a vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle interior.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes der oben beschriebenen Art, wobei Luft durch die Polymerstruktur strömt und dabei aufgeheizt wird. Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizleiters und/oder eines Luftheizgerätes der oben beschriebenen Art, wobei die The above object is further achieved by a method for operating a heater of the type described above, wherein air flows through the polymer structure and is thereby heated. The above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor and / or an air heater of the type described above, wherein the
Polymerstruktur durch Aufschäumen hergestellt wird. Polymer structure is produced by foaming.
Vorzugsweise verzweigen sich die einzelnen Poren (insbesondere vielfach). Vorzugsweise ist die Polymerstruktur als einstückige, insbesondere monolithische, Struktur ausgebildet. Preferably, the individual pores branch out (especially in many cases). Preferably, the polymer structure is formed as a one-piece, in particular monolithic, structure.
Es können vorzugsweise genau eine oder alternativ mehrere (offenporige) Polymerstrukturen vorgesehen sein. It is possible to provide exactly one or alternatively a plurality of (open-pore) polymer structures.
Die Polymerstruktur wird vorzugsweise durch Aufschäumen hergestellt. The polymer structure is preferably produced by foaming.
Eine Erstreckung der Polymerstruktur (in Strömungsrichtung) beträgt An extension of the polymer structure (in the flow direction) is
vorzugsweise mindestens 2 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 5 mm, weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 10 mm. preferably at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm.
Die Polymerstruktur ist vorzugsweise an sich formstabil, behält also vorzugsweise auch ihre Form, wenn weitere Komponenten des Luftheizgerätes entfernt werden (bzw. noch nicht hinzugefügt worden sind bzw. bei integrierten weiteren The polymer structure is preferably dimensionally stable per se, so preferably also retains its shape when other components of the air heater are removed (or have not yet been added or integrated with another
Komponenten, wenn diese nicht vorgesehen wären, was durch Herstellung eines entsprechenden Vergleichsobjektes ohne die weiteren Komponenten festgestellt werden kann). Components, if they were not provided, which can be determined by producing a corresponding comparison object without the other components).
Das elektrische Luftheizgerät weist vorzugsweise mindestens ein elektrisches (metallisches) Anschlusselement, wie vorzugsweise einen Metalldraht, The electric air heater preferably has at least one electrical (metallic) connection element, such as preferably a metal wire,
Metallgitter, Metallblech, Metall-Leiste und/oder Metallblech-Streifen, auf. Metal grid, sheet metal, metal strip and / or sheet metal strips, on.
Gegebenenfalls kann die Polymerstruktur an ein derartiges Anschlusselement (oder mehrere Anschlusselemente) angeschäumt werden. Optionally, the polymer structure can be foamed to such a connection element (or a plurality of connection elements).
Die Kohlenstoffkomponente kann so ausgebildet bzw. angeordnet sein, dass sie einen Stromfluss erlaubt, z. B. in Partikelform (wobei sich die Partikel The carbon component may be formed or arranged to allow flow of current, e.g. B. in particle form (where the particles
entsprechend berühren oder nahe beieinanderliegen) und/oder als touching or lying close together) and / or as
Kohlenstoffgerüst. The carbon skeleton.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Polymerstruktur mindestens 100 Poren, mindestens 500 Poren. Preferably, the polymer structure comprises at least 100 pores, at least 500 pores.
Der Begriff„leitfähig", insbesondere hinsichtlich der Polymerstruktur (bzw. The term "conductive", in particular with regard to the polymer structure (or
Kohlenstoffkomponente) soll als Abkürzung für„elektrisch leitfähig" verstanden werden. Der Begriff„isolierend", insbesondere hinsichtlich der Polymerstruktur soll als Abkürzung für„elektrisch isolierend" verstanden werden. Carbon component) should be understood as an abbreviation for "electrically conductive" become. The term "insulating", in particular with regard to the polymer structure is to be understood as an abbreviation for "electrically insulating".
Unter einem elektrisch isolierenden Material ist insbesondere ein Material zu verstehen, das bei Raumtemperatur (25 °C) eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von weniger als 10"1 S 1 irr1 (ggf. weniger als 10"8 S 1 m"1) aufweist. Entsprechend ist unter einem elektrischen Leiter bzw. einem Material (oder Beschichtung) mit elektrischer Leitfähigkeit ein Material zu verstehen, das eine elektrische An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood, having at room temperature (25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1). Accordingly, is an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) to be understood with electrical conductivity, a material that is an electrical
Leitfähigkeit von vorzugsweise mindestens 10 S 1 irr1, weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 103 S 1 irr1 (bei Raumtemperatur von insbesondere 25 °C) beträgt. Conductivity of preferably at least 10 S 1 irr 1 , more preferably at least 10 3 S 1 irr 1 (at room temperature, in particular 25 ° C).
Die Polymerstruktur kann als Polymerplatte (mit entsprechenden Öffnungen bzw. Luftkanälen) ausgebildet sein. The polymer structure may be formed as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings or air channels).
Polymerkomponente und Kohlenstoffkomponente sind vorzugsweise miteinander vermengt bzw. ineinander verflochten. Beispielsweise kann die Polymer component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined. For example, the
Polymerkomponente ein (skelettartiges) Gerüst ausbilden, in dem die Polymer component form a (skeletal) framework in which the
Kohlenstoffkomponente aufgenommen ist oder umgekehrt. Carbon component is added or vice versa.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Polymerstruktur mindestens 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 10 Gew.-%, noch weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 15 Gew.-%, noch weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 20 Gew.-% und/oder weniger als 50 % Preferably, the polymer structure comprises at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight and / or less than 50%.
Kohlenstoff (ggf. ohne Berücksichtigung eines Kohlenstoffanteils des Polymers als solchen) bzw. der Kohlenstoffkomponente, wie z. B. den Kohlenstoffpartikeln. Carbon (possibly without consideration of a carbon content of the polymer as such) or the carbon component, such as. B. the carbon particles.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Kohlenstoffkomponente mindestens 50 Gew.-%, weiter vorzugsweise mindestens 70 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff. Preferably, the carbon component comprises at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of carbon.
Die Polymerkomponente ist insbesondere in Form einer elektrisch isolierenden Polymerkomponente ausgebildet oder umfasst eine solche. The polymer component is in particular in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component or comprises such.
In Ausführungsformen kann die Polymerkomponente eine erste Polymer- Teilkomponente auf Basis von Ethylenacetat (-Copolymer) und/oder In embodiments, the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
Ethylenacrylat (-Copolymer) aufweisen und/oder eine zweite Polymer- Teilkomponente auf Basis von Polyolefin, insbesondere Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen, und/oder Polyester und/oder Polyamid und/oder Fluorpolymer umfassen. Der Begriff„Teilkomponente" soll hier insbesondere zur Unterscheidung zwischen erster und zweiter Polymer-Teilkomponente verwendet werden. Die jeweilige Teilkomponente kann entweder teilweise oder auch vollständig die Polymerkomponente ausbilden. Bei dem Ethylenacrylat kann es sich um Ethyl-Methyl-Acrylat oder Ethylen-Ethyl-Acrylat handeln. Bei dem Ethylene acrylate (copolymer) and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer include. The term "subcomponent" is to be used here in particular to distinguish between the first and second polymer subcomponent .The particular subcomponent may form either partially or completely the polymer component. Acrylate act
Ethylenacetat kann es sich um Ethylenvinylacetat handeln. Bei dem Polyethylen kann es sich um HD (High Density)-Polyethylen, MD (Medium Density)- Polyethylen, LD (Low Density)-Polyethylen, handeln. Bei dem Fluorpolymer kann es sich um PFA (Copolymer aus Tetrafluorethylen und Perfluorpropyl-Vinylester) MFA (Copolymer aus Tetrafluorethylen und Perfluorvinylester), FEP (Copolymer aus Tetrafluorethylen und Hexafluorpropylen), ETFE (Copolymer aus Ethylen und Tetrafluorethylen) oder PVDF (Polyvinyliden-Fluorid) handeln. Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate. The polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene. The fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
In Ausführungsformen kann die erste Polymer-Teilkomponente, wie in In embodiments, the first polymer subcomponent, as in FIG
WO 2014/188190 AI (als first electrically insulating material) beschrieben, ausgebildet sein. Die zweite Polymer-Teilkomponente kann ebenfalls, wie in WO 2014/188190 AI (als second electrically insulating material) beschreiben, ausgebildet sein. WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed. The second polymer subcomponent can likewise be formed as described in WO 2014/188190 A1 (as a second-electrically insulating material).
Die Polymerstruktur kann durch mindestens eine Metallstruktur, vorzugsweise ein (insbesondere gebogenes) Metallblech, vorzugsweise Kupferblech, und/oder Metallstreifen und/oder Metalldraht und/oder Metallgitter (elektrisch) kontaktiert sein (bzw. werden). The polymer structure may be contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
Die Polymerstruktur und/oder eine entsprechender auszuformender Stoff (z. B. Paste) zu deren Herstellung kann/können (als insbesondere kristallines The polymer structure and / or a corresponding substance to be shaped out (eg paste) for the production thereof may (in particular crystalline
Bindemittel) mindestens ein Polymer umfassen, vorzugsweise basierend auf mindestens einem Olefin; und/oder mindestens einem Copolymer von mindestens einem Olefin und mindestens einem Monomer, das damit copolymerisiert werden kann, z. B. Ethylen/Acrylsäure und/oder Ethylen/Ethylacrylat und/oder Binder) comprise at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. As ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or
Ethylen/Vinylacetat; und/oder mindestens einem Polyalkenamer (Polyacetylen bzw. Polyalkenylen), wie z. B. Polyoctenamer; und/oder mindestens einem, insbesondere schmelzverformbaren, Fluorpolymer, wie z. B. Polyvinylidenfluorid und/oder Copolymere davon. Im Allgemeinen kann die Polymerstruktur bzw. eine zur Herstellung der Ethylene / vinyl acetate; and / or at least one polyalkenamer (polyacetylene or polyalkenylene), such as. For example, polyoctenamer; and / or at least one, in particular melt-deformable, fluoropolymer, such as. As polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof. In general, the polymer structure or one for producing the
Polymerstruktur verwendeter Stoff (Paste), wie in DE 689 23 455 T2 beschrieben, ausgebildet sein. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für deren Herstellung und/oder konkrete Zusammensetzung. Beispielsweise gilt dies auch für mögliche Polymer structure used substance (paste), as described in DE 689 23 455 T2, be formed. This applies in particular also to their production and / or specific composition. For example, this also applies to possible
Bindemittel (insbesondere gemäß S. 4, 2. Absatz und S. 5, 1. Absatz der Binders (especially according to p. 4, 2nd paragraph and p. 5, 1st paragraph of
DE 689 23 455 T2) und/oder Lösungsmittel (insbesondere gemäß S. 5, 2. Absatz und S. 6 2. Absatz der DE 689 23 455 T2). DE 689 23 455 T2) and / or solvent (in particular according to page 5, 2nd paragraph and page 6 2nd paragraph of DE 689 23 455 T2).
Bei der Polymerstruktur handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen PTC-Widerstand. Dadurch kann eine Selbstregelung der Wärmeabgabe ermöglicht werden, was die Steuerung vereinfacht und insbesondere die Sicherheit beim Betrieb erhöht. The polymer structure is preferably a PTC resistor. As a result, a self-regulation of the heat output can be made possible, which simplifies the control and in particular increases the safety during operation.
Durch entsprechende Wahl der Geometrie der Polymerstruktur (des By appropriate choice of the geometry of the polymer structure (the
Polymerkörpers) speziell im Hinblick auf die Poren (Öffnungen) für die zu erwärmende Luft, kann eine hohe Bauteil-Oberfläche realisiert werden, die aufgrund eines guten konvektiven Wärmeübergangs eine hohe Heizleistung bei geringem Bauraum ermöglicht. Polymer body) especially with regard to the pores (openings) for the air to be heated, a high component surface can be realized, which allows a high heat output with low space due to a good convective heat transfer.
Ebenso kann durch eine entsprechende Geometrie bzw. Oberfläche von Likewise, by a corresponding geometry or surface of
metallischen Anschlusselementen (Anschlussleitungen) der elektrische Widerstand beim Übergang in die Polymerstruktur (bzw. ein Polymermaterial der metallic connecting elements (connecting lines) of the electrical resistance in the transition into the polymer structure (or a polymer material of the
Polymerstruktur) minimiert werden und die Gefahr einer Verschlechterung des Kontakts über die Lebensdauer reduziert werden. Polymer structure) are minimized and the risk of deterioration of the contact over the life can be reduced.
Die Polymerstruktur kann ggf. nicht nur die Aufgabe eines Heizleiters erfüllen, sondern als (integrales) Bauteil gleichzeitig weitere Funktionen ermöglichen, insbesondere einen Rahmen oder Anschlussflächen für das Heizgerät ausbilden. If necessary, the polymer structure can not only fulfill the task of a heat conductor, but at the same time enable further functions as an (integral) component, in particular forming a frame or connecting surfaces for the heater.
Insgesamt kann eine einfache, kostengünstige Herstellung durch wenige (auf einfache Art und Weise automatisierbare) Prozessschritte und mit Overall, a simple, inexpensive production by a few (easily automated) process steps and with
kostengünstigen Materialien realisiert werden. Bei geringem Bauraum-Bedarf ist eine hohe Heizleistung möglich. Die zu erwärmende Luft erfährt insbesondere einen nur vergleichsweise geringen Druckverlust. Weiterhin kann eine hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich der Konstruktion, insbesondere bezüglich der cost-effective materials can be realized. With low installation space requirement, a high heating capacity is possible. The air to be heated undergoes in particular a comparatively low pressure loss. Furthermore, a high flexibility in terms of construction, in particular with respect to the
Abmessungen, Versorgungsspannungen und geometrischen Abmessungen, erzielt werden. Das Luftheizgerät ist vorzugsweise für einen Betrieb im Niedervoltbereich (z. B. < 100 Volt oder < 60 Volt) ausgelegt. Dimensions, supply voltages and geometric dimensions can be achieved. The air heater is preferably designed for operation in the low-voltage range (eg <100 volts or <60 volts).
In Ausführungsformen ist der der Heizleiter oder zumindest die leitfähige In embodiments, the heating conductor or at least the conductive
Polymerstruktur einstückig, ggf. monolithisch, ausgebildet. Polymer structure in one piece, possibly monolithic, formed.
Der Heizleiter oder zumindest dessen leitfähige Polymerstruktur kann mehrere Teile umfassen, die ggf. in Reihen- oder Parallelschaltung miteinander elektrisch verbunden sind. The heating conductor or at least its conductive polymer structure may comprise a plurality of parts, which are optionally electrically connected to each other in series or parallel connection.
Der Heizleiter oder zumindest dessen leitfähige Struktur kann mäandrierend angeordnet sein. The heating conductor or at least its conductive structure can be arranged meandering.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizleiters bzw. Heizgerätes der obigen Art, wobei die The above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor or heater of the above type, wherein the
Polymerstruktur durch Urformen (insbesondere wie oben und weiter unten näher beschrieben bzw. spezifiziert) hergestellt wird. Insbesondere werden die Polymer structure by prototyping (in particular as described above and in more detail below or specified) is produced. In particular, the
Luftkanäle (Öffnungen bzw. Poren) während des Urformens hergestellt. Weiterhin können elektrische Anschlussstrukturen während des Urformens mit der Air ducts (openings or pores) produced during the prototyping. Furthermore, electrical connection structures during the prototyping with the
Kunststoffstruktur verbunden werden, insbesondere in diese eingebettet werden. Plastic structure are connected, in particular embedded in these.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Fahrzeug, The above object is further achieved by a vehicle,
insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug umfassend das obige elektrische Heizgerät und/oder den obigen Heizleiter. in particular motor vehicle comprising the above electric heater and / or the above heating conductor.
Grundsätzlich ist unter Urformen ein Fertigungsverfahren zu verstehen, bei dem aus einem formlosen bzw. verformbaren (z. B. flüssigen, pastösen, breiigen oder plastisch verformbaren) Stoff ein (fester) Körper hergestellt wird, der formstabil ist (bzw. eine geometrisch definierte Form hat). In principle, prototypes are understood to mean a production method in which a (solid) body is produced from an informal or deformable (eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable) material that is dimensionally stable (or a geometrically defined shape Has).
Ein Werkzeug zum Durchführen des Urformens (z. B. Spritzwerkzeug) weist vorzugsweise entsprechend mit den Luftkanälen korrespondierende A tool for carrying out the primary shaping (eg injection molding tool) preferably has corresponding corresponding to the air channels
Fertigungsstrukturen (z. B. entsprechende Vorsprünge) auf. Manufacturing structures (eg corresponding protrusions) on.
Während des Urformens kann mindestens ein elektrisches Anschlusselement, wie vorzugsweise ein Metalldraht, Metallgitter, Metallblech und/oder Metallblech- Streifen, mit der Polymerstruktur verbunden werden, vorzugsweise in die During the primary forming, at least one electrical connection element, such as preferably a metal wire, metal grid, metal sheet and / or sheet metal Strip, are connected to the polymer structure, preferably in the
Polymerstruktur eingebettet werden. Unter einer Verbindung ist insbesondere eine stoffschlüssige (feste) Verbindung zu verstehen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist eine formschlüssige Verbindung (z. B. durch entsprechende Vorsprünge oder Ausnehmungen, die an dem Anschlusselement vorgesehen sind) vorgesehen. Unter einem Einbetten in die Polymerstruktur ist insbesondere zu verstehen, dass das mindestens eine elektrische Anschlusselement von mehr als nur einer Seite in Kontakt mit der Polymerstruktur ist bzw. dass mindestens 50 % des elektrischen Anschlusselementes von der Polymerstruktur bedeckt sind. Embedded polymer structure. Under a compound is in particular a cohesive (solid) connection to understand. Alternatively or additionally, a positive connection (eg by means of corresponding projections or recesses provided on the connection element) is provided. By embedding in the polymer structure is to be understood in particular that the at least one electrical connection element of more than one side is in contact with the polymer structure or that at least 50% of the electrical connection element are covered by the polymer structure.
Vorzugsweise wird mindestens ein (das mindestens eine) elektrische(s) Preferably, at least one (the at least one) electrical (s)
Anschlusselement vor dem Urformen, insbesondere Spritzgießen, in einem Connecting element before the primary molding, in particular injection molding, in one
Formwerkzeug, insbesondere Spritzgusswerkzeug, angeordnet (bzw. in ein solches eingelegt). Insbesondere können bereits vor dem Urformen (z. B. Mold, in particular injection molding tool, arranged (or inserted into such). In particular, even before the prototyping (eg.
Spritzgießen) in das Formwerkzeug (Spritzgießwerkzeug) Anschlussleitungen aus Metallblech-Streifen eingelegt werden. Injection molding) in the mold (injection mold) connecting cables are inserted from sheet metal strips.
Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben, das anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert wird. Hierbei zeigen : eine schematische Frontansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Luftheizgerätes; The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment which is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention; FIG.
Fig. 2 eine schematische Seitenansicht des Luftheizgerätes gemäß Fig. 1 FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the air heater according to FIG. 1. FIG
(in Schnittdarstellung);  (in section);
Fig. 3 eine schematische Frontansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of another embodiment
eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Luftheizgerätes; und  an electric air heater according to the invention; and
Fig. 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht des Luftheizgerätes gemäß Fig. 3. In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung werden für gleiche und gleichwirkende Teile dieselben Bezugsziffern verwendet. 4 is a schematic side view of the air heater of FIG .. 3 In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for identical and equivalent parts.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Frontansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Luftheizgerätes. Das Luftheizgerät umfasst einen elektrischen Heizleiter, der als offenporige, leitfähige Polymerstruktur 10 ausgebildet ist. Die Polymerstruktur 10 wird über elektrische Anschlussleisten 11 mit Kontakten 12a, 12b zu ihrer Kontaktierung verbunden. In der geschnittenen Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 2 ist insbesondere die Strömungsrichtung eines Luftstroms erkennbar, der durch den Pfeil 13 gekennzeichnet ist. Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention. The air heater comprises an electrical heating conductor, which is designed as an open-pored, conductive polymer structure 10. The polymer structure 10 is connected via electrical terminal strips 11 with contacts 12a, 12b for their contacting. In the sectional side view according to FIG. 2, in particular the flow direction of an air flow can be seen, which is indicated by the arrow 13.
Die elektrischen Anschluss-Leisten sind vorzugsweise aus Metall. The electrical connection strips are preferably made of metal.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Luftheizgerätes. Das Luftheizgerät weist eine Kunststoffstruktur (Polymerstruktur) 10 auf. In diese Kunststoffstruktur 10 sind Luftkanäle 15 integriert. Die Luftkanäle 15 werden durch eine entsprechende Wabenstruktur 17 gebildet. Die Wabenstruktur 17 wird durch Rahmenteile 18 stabilisiert. Auch die Rahmenteile 18 sind (integraler) Bestandteil der Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of an electric air heater according to the invention. The air heater has a plastic structure (polymer structure) 10. In this plastic structure 10 air channels 15 are integrated. The air channels 15 are formed by a corresponding honeycomb structure 17. The honeycomb structure 17 is stabilized by frame parts 18. The frame parts 18 are (integral) part of
Kunststoffstruktur 10. Weiterhin stabilisieren die Rahmenteile 18 nicht nur die Wabenstruktur 17 (bzw. die Kunststoffstruktur 10 insgesamt), sondern bilden auch elektrische Anschlusselemente aus, die einen Stromfluss bei einer Plastic structure 10. Furthermore, the frame members 18 not only stabilize the honeycomb structure 17 (or the plastic structure 10 as a whole), but also form electrical connection elements, which conduct a current at a
Kontaktierung durch die Kontakte 14a, 14b ermöglichen. Eine entsprechende Seitenansicht eines Schnittes ist in Fig. 4 gezeigt. Gegebenenfalls können sich die Rahmenteile 18 zu einem (umlaufenden) Rahmen ergänzen. Contacting through the contacts 14a, 14b allow. A corresponding side view of a section is shown in FIG. 4. Optionally, the frame parts 18 can be supplemented to a (circumferential) frame.
In Fig. 4 ist der Luftstrom durch das Bezugszeichen 16 (bzw. den entsprechenden Pfeil) gekennzeichnet. In Fig. 4, the air flow is denoted by the reference numeral 16 (or the corresponding arrow).
An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass alle oben beschriebenen Teile für sich alleine gesehen und in jeder Kombination, insbesondere die in den It should be noted at this point that all parts described above, taken alone and in any combination, especially in the
Zeichnungen dargestellten Details, als erfindungswesentlich beansprucht werden. Abänderungen hiervon sind dem Fachmann geläufig. Bezugszeichenliste Drawings shown details are claimed as essential to the invention. Variations thereof are familiar to the person skilled in the art. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Kunststoffstruktur/Polymerstruktur10 plastic structure / polymer structure
11 elektrische Anschlussleiste 11 electrical connection strip
12a Kontakt  12a contact
12b Kontakt  12b contact
13 Pfeil  13 arrow
14a, 14b Kontakt  14a, 14b contact
15 Luftkanal  15 air duct
16 Pfeil  16 arrow
17 Wabenstruktur  17 honeycomb structure
18 Rahmenteil  18 frame part

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Elektrischer Heizleiter, insbesondere für ein elektrisches Heizgerät, 1. Electric heating conductor, in particular for an electric heater,
vorzugsweise Luftheizgerät, wobei der Heizleiter zumindest abschnittsweise aus einer offenporigen, leitfähigen Polymerstruktur (10) gebildet ist.  preferably air heater, wherein the heating element is at least partially formed of an open-pored, conductive polymer structure (10).
2. Elektrischer Heizleiter nach Anspruch 1, 2. Electric heating conductor according to claim 1,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
die Polymerstruktur eine, insbesondere isolierende, Polymerkomponente und einen leitfähigen Füllstoff, insbesondere eine leitfähige  the polymer structure is a, in particular insulating, polymer component and a conductive filler, in particular a conductive
Kohlenstoffkomponente, umfasst, wobei die Kohlenstoffkomponente vorzugsweise in Partikelform und/oder als Kohlenstoffgerüst vorliegt, und/oder  Carbon component, wherein the carbon component is preferably present in particulate form and / or as a carbon skeleton, and / or
wobei die Kohlenstoffkomponente vorzugsweise in Form von Ruß und/oder Graphit und/oder Graphen und/oder Kohlenstofffasern und/oder Kohlenstoff- Nanoröhren vorliegt, und/oder eine erste Polymer-Teilkomponente auf Basis von Ethylenacetat oder Ethylenacetat-Copolymer und/oder Ethylenacrylat oder Ethylenacrylat- Copolymer und/oder eine zweite Polymer-Teilkomponente auf Basis von Polyolefin, insbesondere Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen, und/oder Polyester und/oder Polyamid und/oder Polyetherketon (PEEK) und/oder Fluorpolymer umfasst, und/oder wobei die Polymerstruktur (10) ein insbesondere intrinsisch leitfähiges Polymer, wie z.B. Polyanilin (PANI) und/oder Poly-3,4-ethylendioxythiophen (PEDOT) umfasst.  wherein the carbon component is preferably in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes, and / or a first polymer component based on ethylene acetate or ethylene acetate copolymer and / or ethylene acrylate or ethylene acrylate Copolymer and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or polyester and / or polyamide and / or polyether ketone (PEEK) and / or fluoropolymer, and / or wherein the polymer structure ( 10) a particular intrinsically conductive polymer, such as Polyaniline (PANI) and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT).
3. Heizleiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass, die Polymerstruktur (10) einen Polymerschaum und/oder ein Polymergestrick und/oder ein Polymergewebe und/oder ein Polymergewirk und/oder ein Polymervlies umfasst. 3. heating conductor according to claim 1 or 2, dadu rch ge ke nn ze zen et, that, the polymer structure (10) comprises a polymer foam and / or a polymer knit and / or a polymer fabric and / or a polymer knit and / or a polymer nonwoven.
4. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass, der Heizleiter von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid, insbesondere Luft, durchströmbar ist. 4. Heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating conductor can be flowed through by a fluid to be heated, in particular air.
5. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
die Polymerstruktur (10) plattenförmig ausgebildet ist und/oder eine Dicke von mindestens 2 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 5 mm aufweist.  the polymer structure (10) is plate-shaped and / or has a thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm.
6. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 6. Heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rc h g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rc h e ke n ze i c h n et that
der Heizleiter selbsttragend oder nicht-selbsttragend ist.  the heating conductor is self-supporting or non-self-supporting.
7. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 7. heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
sich ein Luftkanal (12) oder mehrere Luftkanäle (13) durch die leitfähige Polymerstruktur (10) hindurcherstreckt/hindurcherstrecken.  an air duct (12) or a plurality of air ducts (13) extend through the conductive polymer structure (10).
8. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 8. heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
die Polymerstruktur (10) ein PTC-Widerstand ist.  the polymer structure (10) is a PTC resistor.
9. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 9. heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
sich die einzelnen Poren verzweigen, insbesondere vielfach.  the individual pores branch, especially in many cases.
10. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 10. Heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
ein Rahmen, insbesondere Einbaurahmen, und/oder mindestens eine elektrische Zuleitung dasselbe Material wie die Polymerstruktur (10) des Heizleiters umfasst. a frame, in particular mounting frame, and / or at least one electrical lead comprises the same material as the polymer structure (10) of the heating conductor.
11. Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 11. Heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass  d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that
die Polymerstruktur eine Gitter- oder Wabenstruktur, vorzugsweise mit sechseckförmigen Luftkanälen, ausbildet und/oder  the polymer structure forms a grid or honeycomb structure, preferably with hexagonal air channels, and / or
wobei die Polymerstruktur (10) durch Urformen hergestellt ist, wobei das Urformen vorzugsweise umfasst: ein Gießen, insbesondere Spritzgießen und/oder Druckgießen, ein Pressen, insbesondere Extrudieren und/oder Pressformen, und/oder ein Schäumen und/oder wobei die Polymerstruktur einstückig, insbesondere monolithisch ist.  wherein the polymer structure (10) is produced by primary molding, the primary molding preferably comprising: casting, in particular injection molding and / or pressure casting, pressing, in particular extrusion and / or compression molding, and / or foaming and / or wherein the polymer structure is in one piece, especially monolithic.
12. Elektrisches Heizgerät, insbesondere Fluidheizgerät, z. B. Flüssigkeits- oder Luftheizgerät, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend einen 12. Electric heater, in particular fluid heater, z. B. liquid or air heater, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a
Heizleiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.  Heating conductor according to one of the preceding claims.
13. Heizgerät nach Anspruch 12, d a d u rch g e ke n n ze i c h n et, dass, die Polymerstruktur (10) durch mindestens eine Metallstruktur, vorzugsweise ein Metallblech und/oder Metallstreifen und/oder Metalldraht und/oder Metallgitter und/oder Metall-Leiste, elektrisch kontaktiert ist. 13. Heater according to claim 12, characterized in that the polymer structure (10) is formed by at least one metal structure, preferably a metal sheet and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal grid and / or metal strip, electrically contacted.
14. Verwendung eines Heizleiters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 oder eines Heizgerätes nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13 für das Aufheizen eines Fluides, insbesondere von Luft, vorzugsweise in einem Fahrzeug, weiter vorzugsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug, weiter vorzugsweise in einem 14. Use of a heat conductor according to one of claims 1 to 11 or a heater according to any one of claims 12 or 13 for the heating of a fluid, in particular air, preferably in a vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably in one
Kraftfahrzeug innenraum.  Motor vehicle interior.
15. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizleiters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 oder eines Heizgerätes nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, wobei Luft durch die Poren der Polymerstruktur (10) strömt und dabei aufgeheizt wird. 15. A method of operating a heat conductor according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or a heater according to any one of claims 12 or 13, wherein air flows through the pores of the polymer structure (10) and is heated in the process.
EP18728811.3A 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating conductor and heating device Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121063.6A DE102017121063A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Heating conductor and heater
PCT/EP2018/063494 WO2018215533A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating conductor and heating device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3631314A1 true EP3631314A1 (en) 2020-04-08

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ID=64109087

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Air heating device
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Air heating device for a vehicle
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Liquid heating appliance, particularly water heating appliance
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating conductor and heating device
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating device and method for production thereof
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric heating device
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric liquid-heating device, and use of same and of a heat conductor
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating device and method for production thereof, method for the operation and use thereof
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric heating device, method for producing, operating and using said type of device
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Fluid heating device and method for the production thereof

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EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Air heating device
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Air heating device for a vehicle
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Liquid heating appliance, particularly water heating appliance

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EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating device and method for production thereof
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric heating device
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric liquid-heating device, and use of same and of a heat conductor
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heating device and method for production thereof, method for the operation and use thereof
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Electric heating device, method for producing, operating and using said type of device
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Fluid heating device and method for the production thereof

Country Status (7)

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US (9) US20200224926A1 (en)
EP (10) EP3631312A1 (en)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (en)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (en)
CN (9) CN110678702A (en)
DE (10) DE102017121039A1 (en)
WO (12) WO2018215198A1 (en)

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