EP3631149B1 - Abrasive suspension eroding system - Google Patents
Abrasive suspension eroding system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3631149B1 EP3631149B1 EP17725956.1A EP17725956A EP3631149B1 EP 3631149 B1 EP3631149 B1 EP 3631149B1 EP 17725956 A EP17725956 A EP 17725956A EP 3631149 B1 EP3631149 B1 EP 3631149B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- eroding
- nozzle head
- drilling fluid
- abrasive
- unit
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
- E21B7/185—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets underwater
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/12—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground specially adapted for underwater installations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
- B24C3/325—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks for internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an abrasive-suspension-eroding system for abrasive-suspension-eroding a material, for example a rock or a pipe element, in an existing earth well, an earth drilling system with such an abrasive-suspension-eroding system and a method for abrasive -Suspension eroding of a material in an existing earth borehole.
- the U.S. 4,534,427 and the U.S. 5,381,631 describe, for example, a drilling apparatus and a drilling method, wherein abrasive is injected into a high-speed jet of a liquid.
- the US 2012/0118562 A1 describes an abrasive suspension cutting system and method with a laterally oriented nozzle for cutting holes, slots or windows in borehole walls.
- the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein is preferably used in existing wells for hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas, in particular in deep-sea wells, but also in wells on land.
- hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas
- an existing borehole must be closed safely and at the lowest possible point to protect the environment.
- the delivery pipes (wells) usually remain in the borehole. When closing the borehole, it is often problematic that the delivery pipes are subject to tectonic displacements and / or subsidence caused by the delivery of the sea bed (especially with inclined and horizontal drilling sections) move laterally against each other or press in and thus form a blockage.
- a drilling rig is a very large and costly structure on an oil rig or barge that is set up to carry out the actual earth drilling and the setting of the production pipes. It is therefore in principle uneconomical to use this large and cost-intensive structure to drill out existing delivery pipes so that they can then be closed.
- abrasive-suspension-eroding system for removing a blockage or for fishing by means of abrasive-suspension-eroding has the advantage over conventional drill heads that it is not influenced in the feed direction by bent or offset conveyor pipes becomes or gets stuck.
- the abrasive suspension erosion system disclosed herein can also be used for the radial erosion of delivery tubes, for example to ensure radial anchoring of the plug.
- a system as shown in FIG WO 2015/124182 described nozzle head are used.
- abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein It is particularly advantageous that no expensive drilling rig is required, but a so-called coiled tubing system can be used.
- the coiled tubing system has a much smaller structure and significantly lower operating costs than a drilling rig.
- a coiled steel pipe is drained into an existing borehole, for example as a drilling fluid line and / or for taking rock samples.
- the coiled tubing system can also be used on smaller barges or floating cranes and is therefore much more flexible than a drilling rig. Torque transmission, as in the drilling rig, is not possible with coiled tubing via the rolled-up steel tube, but this is just not necessary for the abrasive-suspension-erosion system disclosed herein.
- an abrasive suspension eroding system is provided with an eroding unit that can be drained into an existing earth borehole for generating a high-pressure erosion jet for abrasive suspension eroding of material in an existing earth borehole, wherein the eroding unit with a drilling fluid line is connectable and designed to generate a high pressure erosion jet from a drilling fluid / abrasive suspension.
- the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed here enables the existing drilling fluid line of a coiled tubing system to be used and the drilling fluid as an abrasive carrier for the abrasive -Suspension eroding to use.
- Drilling fluid also known as drilling fluid or mud
- drilling fluid is a water- or oil-based viscous liquid with special properties that fulfills many functions when drilling for fossil fuels in order to efficiently uncover drilled rock to promote.
- drilling fluid can be structurally viscous or shear-thinning and / or thixotropic for this purpose.
- Drilling fluid also often has a higher density than water, for example 1.5 times or more.
- the system disclosed herein misappropriates such a drilling fluid or gives it another function, namely as an abrasive carrier for abrasive suspension eroding of material, for example in the form of a blockage, a constriction or a conveyor pipe wall, with a high pressure erosion jet consisting of a Drilling fluid-abrasive suspension.
- one or more outlet nozzles of the erosion unit can be adapted to the particular flow properties and / or the density of the drilling fluid.
- the diameter of the outlet nozzles of the erosion unit can be made larger compared to such outlet nozzles adapted for water-abrasive suspension operation at a given inlet pressure, for example by 50% or more, in order to achieve a required minimum outlet speed.
- an additive can be added to the drilling fluid that briefly makes the drilling fluid for abrasive suspension erosion thinner.
- the nozzle head of the eroding unit can in particular have a one-piece end region which, by means of openings, forms the outlet nozzles, which are thus "integrated" therein. Because of the often high salt content in aggressive drilling fluid, the nozzle head is exposed to an increased risk of corrosion. Due to the integral design of the outlet nozzles in a hard metal end piece, which, for example, can have tungsten carbide on the surface, not only the outlet nozzles, but also the entire nozzle head are better protected against corrosion.
- One or more high-pressure erosion jets of the eroding unit can with a high pressure of the drilling fluid-abrasive suspension from 100 to 2,000 bar or more, but preferably in the pressure range of approx. 500-700 bar, emerge from the erosion unit and erode an indented or offset conveying pipe, rock, fish or any other blocking material in such a way that an area distal to the blockage can be achieved with a tool for setting a plug.
- the high-pressure erosion jets can for example be directed radially obliquely outwards and rotate about an axis of rotation, so that the erosion jets form a cone-shaped erosion surface.
- this erosion surface can sweep over a blockage or constriction and this can be for-eroded according to the diameter of the cone-shaped erosion surface.
- the eroding unit experiences almost no resistance-dependent or angle-dependent recoil or lateral deflection.
- one or more erosion jets can be directed radially outwards and the nozzle head can be rotated about a concentric or eccentric axis of rotation.
- the system has an abrasive supply unit which can be fluidly connected to the eroding unit via the drilling fluid line and which can be fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- the abrasive supply unit or an additional abrasive supply unit can also be fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line downstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump, this abrasive supply unit then preferably having a pressure vessel that can be filled with abrasive.
- the high-pressure drilling fluid pump is not exposed to wear from abrasives.
- the abrasive supply unit is arranged upstream In principle preferred over the high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- the abrasive supply unit can be arranged upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump and downstream of a supply pump, the supply pump accelerating the drilling fluid and the abrasive being sucked into the drilling fluid by the accelerated drilling fluid using the Venturi effect.
- the abrasive can run from a refill funnel into a mixing chamber as a result of gravity or with the assistance of gravity, where the abrasive is mixed into the drilling fluid.
- the abrasive can be actively conveyed and / or mixed into the drilling fluid with a conveying device such as a conveying screw.
- the eroding unit has a distal nozzle head section and a proximal anchoring section, wherein the nozzle head section can be moved distally relative to the anchoring section.
- distal is intended to mean a “lower” position with respect to the borehole direction and “proximal” correspondingly a “higher” position with respect to the borehole direction. “Distally” therefore means in the direction of advance and “proximally” against the direction of advance. Due to the distal mobility, a defined propulsion of the nozzle head section can be ensured over a limited distance during the abrasive suspension erosion.
- the eroding unit can for example have a spindle or piston drive, which is preferably driven hydraulically via the drilling fluid.
- a hydraulic drive with drilling fluid as the hydraulic fluid another hydraulic fluid can optionally be used, the eroding unit being supplied with hydraulic power via a hydraulic line running parallel to the drilling fluid line, or a drive by means of an electric motor being provided which the electric motor is supplied with electrical power via a cable running parallel to the drilling fluid line.
- the anchoring section can be anchored by first lateral anchoring elements in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole.
- the eroding unit can thus be fixed against axial vibrations, tilting or twisting, for example.
- the anchoring elements can, for example, have three or more radially protruding toggle levers or spindles distributed around the circumference, which are radially supported against the conveying pipe or the rock.
- the nozzle head section can optionally be retracted proximally again or, by retracting the nozzle head section, the proximal anchoring section can be "pulled" distal to the nozzle head section if it is not anchored.
- the system can have a control unit that can be signal-connected to the erosion unit, by means of which anchoring of the anchoring section and / or a distal movement of the nozzle head section relative to the anchoring section can be controlled.
- a nozzle head of the eroding unit or the eroding unit itself can be pivoted with respect to the longitudinal axis in order to follow a curve in the conveying pipe or to direct the eroding to one side more intensely.
- Such pivoting can be controllable by the control unit.
- the cone angle of a conical erosion surface defined by the alignment of the outlet nozzles can be controllable by means of an adjustable alignment of the outlet nozzles by means of the control unit.
- control unit can influence and control the erosion jets by means of one or more diaphragms or the like.
- control unit can drive a nozzle head forward control the eroding unit and / or the advance of the eroding unit itself.
- the nozzle head section can be anchored in a position extended distally relative to the anchoring section by second lateral anchoring elements in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole.
- the eroding unit can thus be anchored in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole by means of the second lateral anchoring elements, if the first anchoring elements are not anchored and vice versa.
- a retraction of the nozzle head section into the anchoring section results in the anchoring section being pulled distally when the first anchoring elements are not anchored. This allows the eroding unit to move through the bore like a caterpillar.
- the eroding unit can have propulsion elements such as wheels, chains, crawler legs, screw rollers or the like in order to ensure a controllable propulsion of the eroding unit.
- propulsion elements such as wheels, chains, crawler legs, screw rollers or the like in order to ensure a controllable propulsion of the eroding unit.
- the dead weight of the eroding unit along with the drilling fluid line and other accessories can also be used for driving.
- the eroding unit can preferably be coupled on the proximal side to a tool guide with propulsion elements which is present at the distal end of the drilling fluid line and which normally guides a drill head so that the eroding unit is propelled by means of the tool guide.
- the nozzle head section has a distal nozzle head and a proximal nozzle head base, the nozzle head being rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to the nozzle head base.
- This axis of rotation can be concentric or eccentric to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle head.
- An eccentric rotation has the advantage that the The nozzle head can be made smaller and there is more space for the removal of drilling fluid, abrasives and eroded material.
- a cone-shaped erosion surface can be generated with one or more oblique erosion jets in order to erode away any material located within a cross-section defined by the base surface of the cone-shaped erosion surface.
- the eroding unit has at least one first outwardly directed nozzle and at least one inwardly directed second nozzle, the at least one inwardly directed second nozzle being at a distance from the axis of rotation of the nozzle head.
- “Directed inwards / outwards” can mean that the erosion jet from the nozzle intersects the axis of rotation or is skewed to it.
- the erosion unit can have at least two first nozzles that are oriented at a different angle with respect to the axis of rotation, and / or have at least two second nozzles, at least one of which is oriented so that the erosion jet intersects the axis of rotation, and / or at least one is aligned so that the erosion beam is skewed to the axis of rotation.
- each erosion jet runs at a different angle with respect to the axis of rotation and the corresponding cone-shaped erosion surfaces complement each other in such a way that a maximum volume removal rate is achieved.
- an earth drilling rig having a drilling fluid line and an abrasive suspension eroding system as described above, wherein the eroding unit is fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line.
- the abrasive-suspension-eroding system preferably has an abrasive supply unit which is fluidly connected to the eroding unit via the drilling fluid line which is fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- the earth drilling rig also comprises the drilling fluid line and preferably also a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- the method is preferably used for deep-sea drilling for hydrogen-based fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas, if a production pipe of an earth drilling has to be closed at one point which cannot be reached with the necessary tool for closing due to a blockage or narrowing.
- a concrete stopper can be placed distal to this blockage or constriction in order to close the delivery pipe for safe protection of the environment.
- the method comprises a distal movement of a distal nozzle head section of the eroding unit relative to a proximal anchoring section of the eroding unit.
- the nozzle head section can be moved distally in a defined manner during the erosion in order to continue eroding a certain volume. Similar to drilling with a drill head, both the eroded material and the abrasive used for eroding are washed up or flushed to the surface by means of the drilling mud.
- the method can optionally include anchoring a proximal anchoring section by first lateral anchoring elements. In this way, a defined position of the eroding unit can be maintained during the erosion.
- the method can optionally include anchoring a distal nozzle head section in a position extended distally relative to the anchoring section by means of second lateral anchoring elements.
- the anchoring section can be drawn distally to the nozzle head section and a caterpillar-like propulsion can be implemented.
- the method can include controlling the anchoring and / or the distal movement by means of a control unit signal-connected to the eroding unit.
- the control unit can be arranged above ground and control all functions of the eroding unit via an electrical, optical or hydraulic signal line.
- the method can include rotating a distal nozzle head of the nozzle head section relative to a proximal nozzle head base of the nozzle head section about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation can run eccentrically or concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle head.
- one or more oblique erosion jets can thus create a cone-shaped Eroding surface are generated in order to erode away any material located within a cross-section defined by the base surface of the conical surface-shaped erosion surface.
- An eccentric rotation of the nozzle head has the advantage, on the one hand, that the nozzle head can be designed to be smaller with the same sweep radius and, on the other hand, there is more space for the removal of drilling fluid, abrasives and eroded material upwards.
- the abrasive can be fed into the drilling fluid line by means of the abrasive agent supply unit upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- the abrasive agent supply unit upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
- a deep sea borehole 1 in the sea floor 3 is shown.
- the deep-sea borehole 1 was used to convey oil or natural gas and has conveying pipes 5 which are joined together to form a conveying line and through which the oil or natural gas was conveyed to the surface. If the deep-sea bore 1 is no longer to be used for the production of oil or natural gas, it must be closed to protect the environment so that no oil or natural gas can flow into the sea through the deep-sea bore 1.
- a delivery pipe 5 is damaged or depressed, for example by tectonic displacements or depressions in the seabed caused by delivery, a plug must be placed below or on the distal side of such damage in order to ensure that no oil or natural gas escapes due to the damage.
- the damage is shown here in the form of a narrowing 6. It should be noted at this point that deep-sea borehole 1 does not necessarily have to be a vertical borehole, but deep-sea borehole 1 can also be inclined, horizontal and / or branched.
- an abrasive suspension erosion system is used here in connection with a drilling fluid line 9 of an earth drilling rig 10, the drilling fluid line 9 normally being intended to efficiently convey rock to the surface when drilling with a drilling cutter head.
- the drilling fluid line 9 is let into the deep-sea borehole 1 via a platform 7 of the earth drilling rig 10, here in the form of a ship.
- an eroding unit 11 fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line 9.
- the erosion unit 11 is positioned in the deep-sea bore 1 within the conveying pipe 5 directly above the constriction 6.
- the eroding unit 11 is mechanically coupled to the drilling fluid line 9 in such a way that the eroding unit 11 can be positioned from the platform 7 by rolling the drilling fluid line 9 in and out.
- the dead weight of the drilling fluid line 9 and the eroding unit 11 can be used or a propulsion device can be provided, in particular for propulsion in horizontal or relatively flat sections of road.
- the eroding unit 11 has a distal nozzle head section 13 and a proximal anchoring section 15.
- the anchoring section 15 can be anchored by lateral anchoring elements 16, here in the form of toggle levers.
- the nozzle head section 13 can be extended in the distal direction relative to the anchoring section 15.
- Several outlet nozzles are arranged on one end of the nozzle head 17. The outlet nozzles are arranged in such a way that emerging erosion jets form a jet fan.
- each erosion jet that includes an angle with the axis of rotation R sweeps over a conical surface-shaped erosion surface.
- an erosion surface in the form of a lateral surface of a body of revolution is produced from two cones or truncated cones lying on top of one another with their tips.
- the earth drilling rig 10 also has a drilling fluid return line 14 through which the drilling fluid is flushed to the surface together with eroded material and abrasive to the platform 7.
- the drilling fluid thus runs through a cycle, with the drilling fluid extracted is separated from the eroded material and abrasive on the platform 7 and prepared for reuse.
- FIG 2 Another embodiment of a nozzle head 17 is used to erode a conveyor pipe 5 laterally in order to ensure that a concrete plug to be poured in later is anchored radially in the rock and the conveyor pipe cannot be pushed up.
- one or more outlet nozzles are directed radially outward, so that when the nozzle head 17 is rotated, a disk-shaped erosion surface is formed which cuts through the conveying pipe 5 on the circumference.
- FIG 3 there is a fish 20 in the form of a packer in the delivery pipe 5 and blocks it.
- the eroding unit 11 can be used to for-erode the fish.
- the erosion jets mixed with abrasives at exit pressures of 500 to 700 bar can also erode very hard tool materials.
- a derrick or an oil rig is shown here as platform 7.
- FIG. 5 the circuit of the earth drilling rig 10 is shown schematically in more detail.
- the components located on the platform 7 are shown in a dashed box.
- the eroding unit 11 embedded in the existing earth borehole 1 is connected to the platform 7 via the drilling fluid line 9 and a signal line 23.
- One on the Platform 7 arranged drilling fluid high-pressure pump 25 pumps drilling fluid under high pressure through the drilling fluid line 9 to the eroding unit 11.
- a control unit 27 is signal-connected to the eroding unit 11 via the signal line 23 in order to switch, control, regulate, anchor and / or drive it.
- the signal line 23 can be bidirectional so that the eroding unit 11 can not only receive control commands, but can also send signals from sensors, operating state variables, error messages, camera images or the like to the control unit 27.
- position or speed meters can measure the position of actuators for the anchoring elements 16, 53, the speed of rotation of the nozzle head 17 or the feed speed
- temperature sensors control the temperature
- acceleration sensors measure the spatial orientation
- structure-borne sound or infrared sensors scan the environment or depth or Inclinometers support position determination.
- the information obtained can be displayed for a user by means of the control unit 27 or can be used directly for regulating or controlling the operation of the eroding unit 11.
- abrasive is added to the drilling fluid.
- this takes place upstream or on the suction side of the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25.
- an abrasive supply unit 29 is arranged upstream of the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25 between a supply pump 31 and a booster pump 33.
- the abrasive supply unit 29 has a mixing chamber 35 and a refill funnel 37, with abrasives being filled manually or automatically into the refill funnel 37 and being able to run into the mixing chamber 35 arranged below.
- a screw conveyor or the like can be used to guide abrasives with a defined flow of abrasives in a controlled manner into the mixing chamber 35.
- the drilling fluid flow generated by the supply pump 31 and the booster pump 33 can also be used via the Venturi effect in the sense of a mixing chamber 35 functioning as a jet pump to suck in the abrasive.
- the abrasive is mixed with the drilling fluid and, downstream of the mixing chamber 35, forms a drilling fluid / abrasive suspension which is suitable for abrasive erosion.
- Garnet sand for example, is a possible abrasive.
- the mixing ratio between abrasive and drilling fluid in the drilling fluid / abrasive suspension suitable for abrasive erosion can be about 1: 9 and can be adjustable depending on the cutting power requirement or can be set for a specific purpose.
- the supply pump 31 is connected to a drilling fluid tank 39, from which the supply pump 31 draws the drilling fluid.
- the drilling fluid tank 39 is in turn filled by drilling fluid that has already been used and reprocessed.
- the drilling fluid-abrasive suspension together with eroded material is sucked to the surface by means of a suction pump 41 via the drilling fluid return 14 let into the earth bore 1.
- the suction pump 41 can also only support an existing pressure difference and / or a pressure difference generated by the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25, which presses the drilling mud upwards.
- the drilling mud brought to the surface is fed into a processing module 43.
- the processing module 43 has a shaker or shale shaker, which separates the drilling fluid from the rock so that the drilling fluid can be recycled and passed from the processing module 43 into the drilling fluid tank 39.
- the processing module 43 also has an abrasive separator 44 so that the abrasive can also be reused and, if necessary, fed back into the circuit directly in wet or moist form or after drying via the refill funnel 37.
- an additive such as long-chain polymers can also be mixed in via the mixing chamber 35.
- Such long-chain polymers can be water-soluble and serve to improve the focusing of the erosion jets or the abrasive contained therein, to increase the exit velocity and to reduce the wear and tear in high-pressure components.
- the mixing chamber 35 of the abrasive supply unit 29 is arranged downstream of the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25 in the circuit.
- the abrasive supply unit 29 here has a pressure vessel 45 and a high pressure pump 47.
- the pressure vessel 45 contains an abrasive-water suspension or drilling fluid-abrasive suspension which, by means of the high-pressure pump 47, is placed under a pressure similar to that generated by the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25 on the pressure side.
- the abrasive is then passed and / or conveyed into the mixing chamber 35 as described above, but now under high pressure.
- the pressure vessel 45 can be designed in such a way that one load is sufficient for the eroding, so that the pressure vessel 45 must first be depressurized for a further eroding step in order to fill it again for a new eroding step.
- the pressure vessel 45 can also be filled cyclically and automatically via a lock system, so that continuous operation without pressure relief is possible.
- this embodiment is more complex than that in Figure 5 As shown, it is advantageous here that the high-pressure drilling fluid pump 25 is not exposed to increased wear from the abrasive.
- Figures 7a ) -f) show the eroding unit 11 in more detail in different stages during the erosion of a fish 20.
- the eroding unit 11 is positioned in front of the fish 20 so that the erosion rays can continue to erode the fish 20.
- the anchoring section 15 is anchored laterally with first anchoring elements 16 in the form of toggle levers given a suitable axial position.
- the nozzle head 17 is rotated and the erosion jets of drilling fluid / abrasive suspension emerging under high pressure from the outlet nozzles form cone-shaped erosion surfaces which forerode the material of the fish 20.
- the nozzle head 17 has at least two nozzles with different orientations on its distal end face.
- a first nozzle 49 is oriented in such a way that an erosion jet directed obliquely radially outward is generated, and a second nozzle 51 is oriented such that an erosion jet directed radially inward is generated. Both the first nozzle 49 and the second nozzle 51 are at a distance from the axis of rotation R of the nozzle head 17.
- the cone-shaped erosion surface generated by the first nozzle 49 has a proximal-side cone tip while the cone-shaped erosion surface generated by the second nozzle 51 has a distal-side cone tip.
- the nozzle head section 13 is extended distally relative to the anchored anchoring section 15, so that the cone-shaped erosion surfaces sweep over a volume of the fish 20 in order to erode it further.
- a maximally distal position of the nozzle head section 13 relative to the anchoring section 15 is reached, so that the rest of the fish 20 cannot be foreroded if the erosion unit 11 is not advanced.
- This can be done via a propulsion device or, as shown in c) and d), via second anchoring elements 53, which in the form of toggle levers laterally from the
- the nozzle head section 13 is extended and the nozzle head section 13 is anchored in the conveying pipe 5.
- the first anchoring elements 16 of the anchoring section 15 are retracted again.
- Figures 8 , 9 and 10 show the nozzle head 17 in more detail.
- the nozzle head 17 can be connected to the nozzle head base 19 via a connecting piece 55.
- the connection piece 55 is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation R and forms the inflow of drilling fluid / abrasive suspension from the drilling fluid line 9 into the nozzle head 17.
- the nozzle head 17 itself is rotatable relative to the connection piece 55, the longitudinal axis L of the nozzle head 17 relative to the axis of rotation R. is offset eccentrically.
- the cylindrical envelope which is enlarged by this offset radially with respect to the radius of the nozzle head 17 and which the nozzle head 17 sweeps over when rotating about the axis of rotation R is shown in dashed lines.
- the nozzle head 17 has three sections. A proximal input section 57, a distal head section 59 and a central section 61 connecting the input section 57 to the head section 59.
- the connecting piece 55 leads into a proximal end face of the inlet section 57.
- Inside the middle section 61 there is a flow guide element with a spiral flow channel which sets the drilling fluid / abrasive suspension in rotation.
- the nozzles 49, 51 are arranged on a distal end face of the head section 59, here preferably provided with at least one concave recess 63.
- first nozzles 49a, 49b there are two inner (first) nozzles 49a, 49b, which are oriented inwards, the erosion jet from one inner nozzle 49b intersecting the axis of rotation R and the erosion jet from the other inner nozzle 49a being skewed to the axis of rotation R.
- the erosion jets run here at a different angle with respect to the axis of rotation R.
- a virtual connecting line between the first inner nozzles 49a, 49b does not run perpendicularly here to a virtual connecting line between the second outer nozzles 51a, 51b (see FIG Fig. 10 ).
- the virtual connecting line between the first inner nozzles 49a, 49b does not run through the longitudinal axis L of the nozzle head 17 and / or not through the axis of rotation R.
- Figure 11 shows process steps schematically as a flow chart.
- Abrasive agent is fed into the drilling fluid line 1103 by means of the abrasive agent supply unit, preferably upstream of the drilling fluid high-pressure pump 25, into the existing earth borehole -Suspension is generated 1107.
- material in the existing earth borehole is then eroded 1109. All method steps are preferably carried out in parallel.
- a distal movement 1111 of the nozzle head section 13 relative to the anchoring section 15, an anchoring 1113 of the anchoring section 15 and / or nozzle head section 13 and an eccentric rotation 1115 of the nozzle head 17 are preferably carried out parallel to the other method steps.
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Description
Die vorliegende Offenbarung betrifft ein Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren eines Materials, beispielsweise eines Gesteins oder eines Rohrelements, in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung, eine Erdbohranlage mit solch einem Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System und ein Verfahren zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren eines Materials in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung.The present disclosure relates to an abrasive-suspension-eroding system for abrasive-suspension-eroding a material, for example a rock or a pipe element, in an existing earth well, an earth drilling system with such an abrasive-suspension-eroding system and a method for abrasive -Suspension eroding of a material in an existing earth borehole.
Die
Das hierin offenbarte Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System findet vorzugsweise in bestehenden Bohrungen nach kohlenwasserstoffbasierten fossilen Energieträgern wie Öl oder Erdgas Anwendung, insbesondere bei Tiefseebohrungen, aber auch bei Bohrungen an Land. Nach einer Ausbeutung eines Energieträgerreservoirs muss nämlich eine vorhandene Bohrung zum Schutz der Umwelt sicher und an einem möglichst tiefen Punkt verschlossen werden. Dabei verbleiben üblicherweise die Förderrohre (englisch: wells) in der Bohrung. Problematisch beim Verschließen der Bohrung ist oft, dass sich die Förderrohre durch tektonische Verschiebungen und/oder förderbedingte Absenkungen des Seebodens (insbesondere bei schrägen und horizontalen Bohrabschnitten) lateral gegeneinander verschieben oder eindrücken und somit eine Blockade bilden. Um eine Leckage von Öl oder Erdgas durch solche Beschädigungen der Förderrohrwandung zu verhindern, muss ein Betonstopfen distalseitig von solch einer Beschädigung gesetzt werden. Allerdings bedeutet solch eine Beschädigung auch eine Blockade bzw. Verengung des Förderrohrdurchmessers, sodass ein Abschnitt distalseitig von solch einer Beschädigung nicht mit den herkömmlichen Werkzeugen zum Setzen eines Betonstopfens (englisch: plug) erreicht werden kann.The abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein is preferably used in existing wells for hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas, in particular in deep-sea wells, but also in wells on land. After an energy source has been exploited, an existing borehole must be closed safely and at the lowest possible point to protect the environment. The delivery pipes (wells) usually remain in the borehole. When closing the borehole, it is often problematic that the delivery pipes are subject to tectonic displacements and / or subsidence caused by the delivery of the sea bed (especially with inclined and horizontal drilling sections) move laterally against each other or press in and thus form a blockage. In order to prevent leakage of oil or natural gas due to such damage to the conveying pipe wall, a concrete plug must be placed on the distal side of such damage. However, such damage also means a blockage or narrowing of the conveying pipe diameter, so that a section distal from such damage cannot be done with the conventional tools for setting a concrete plug (English: plug) can be achieved.
Gewöhnliche Bohrköpfe zum Auffräsen des Förderrohrdurchmessers an der Beschädigungsstelle werden bei verbogenen oder gegeneinander versetzten Förderrohren aus ihrer Vorschubrichtung lateral abgelenkt und fressen sich fest. Solche festgefressenen Bohrköpfe oder aus anderen Gründen unbeabsichtigt im Förderrohr befindliche Werkzeuge, wie etwa festsitzende Packer, stellen ebenfalls eine Blockade dar und verengen bzw. blockieren das Förderrohr, was in Fachkreisen als "Fish" bezeichnet wird. Das Entfernen eines Fishes wird "Fishing" genannt.Conventional drill heads for milling the conveyor pipe diameter at the damaged area are deflected laterally out of their feed direction when the conveyor pipes are bent or offset from one another and seize. Such seized drill heads or tools that are unintentionally located in the delivery pipe for other reasons, such as stuck packers, also represent a blockage and narrow or block the delivery pipe, which is referred to as "fish" in specialist circles. Removing a fish is called "fishing".
Für das Bohren und Fräsen mit einem Bohrkopf wird im Übrigen ein sogenanntes Drilling Rig benötigt. Ein Drilling Rig ist ein sehr großer und kostenintensiver Aufbau auf einer Bohrinsel oder -barge, der dazu eingerichtet ist, die eigentliche Erdbohrung und das Setzen der Förderrohre durchzuführen. Es ist daher prinzipiell unwirtschaftlich, diesen großen und kostenintensiven Aufbau dazu zu verwenden, bestehende Förderrohre freizubohren, um diese dann verschließen zu können.For drilling and milling with a drill head, a so-called drilling rig is also required. A drilling rig is a very large and costly structure on an oil rig or barge that is set up to carry out the actual earth drilling and the setting of the production pipes. It is therefore in principle uneconomical to use this large and cost-intensive structure to drill out existing delivery pipes so that they can then be closed.
Die Verwendung des hierin offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems gemäß Anspruch 1 zum Entfernen einer Blockade oder zum Fishing mittels Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren hat gegenüber gewöhnlichen Bohrköpfen zum einen den Vorteil, dass es nicht durch verbogene oder gegeneinander versetzte Förderrohre in der Vorschubrichtung beeinflusst wird oder sich festfrisst. Außerdem kann das hierin offenbarte Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System auch zum radialen Auferodieren von Förderröhren genutzt werden, um beispielsweise eine radiale Verankerung des Stopfens sicherzustellen. Bei dem hierin offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System kann beispielsweise ein wie in der
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Offenbarung wird ein Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System bereitgestellt mit einer in eine bestehende Erdbohrung ablassbaren Erodiereinheit zum Erzeugen eines Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahls zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren von Material in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung, wobei die Erodiereinheit mit einer Bohrspülungsleitung verbindbar und dazu ausgestaltet ist, einen Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahl aus einer Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension zu erzeugen. Es ist also nicht nötig, eine separate Leitung für eine Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension zu legen, sondern das hierin offenbarte Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System ermöglicht es, die vorhandene Bohrspülungsleitung eines Coiled Tubing Systems zu nutzen und die Bohrspülung als Abrasivmittelträger für das Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren zu verwenden.According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an abrasive suspension eroding system is provided with an eroding unit that can be drained into an existing earth borehole for generating a high-pressure erosion jet for abrasive suspension eroding of material in an existing earth borehole, wherein the eroding unit with a drilling fluid line is connectable and designed to generate a high pressure erosion jet from a drilling fluid / abrasive suspension. It is therefore not necessary to lay a separate line for a water-abrasive suspension, but the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed here enables the existing drilling fluid line of a coiled tubing system to be used and the drilling fluid as an abrasive carrier for the abrasive -Suspension eroding to use.
Bohrspülung, auch Bohrschlamm (englisch: drilling fluid oder mud) genannt, ist eine wasser- oder ölbasierte viskose Flüssigkeit mit besonderen Eigenschaften, die beim Bohren nach fossilen Energieträgern viele Funktionen erfüllt, um aufgebohrtes Gestein effizient zu Tage zu fördern. Beispielsweise kann Bohrspülung zu diesem Zweck strukturviskos bzw. scherverdünnend und/oder thixotropisch sein. Bohrspülung hat oft auch eine höhere Dichte als Wasser, beispielsweise um das 1,5-fache oder mehr. Das hierin offenbarte System zweckentfremdet nun solch eine Bohrspülung bzw. gibt ihr eine weitere Funktion, nämlich als Abrasivmittelträger für das Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren von Material, beispielsweise in Form einer Blockade, einer Verengung oder einer Förderrohrwand, mit einem Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahl bestehend aus einer Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension.Drilling fluid, also known as drilling fluid or mud, is a water- or oil-based viscous liquid with special properties that fulfills many functions when drilling for fossil fuels in order to efficiently uncover drilled rock to promote. For example, drilling fluid can be structurally viscous or shear-thinning and / or thixotropic for this purpose. Drilling fluid also often has a higher density than water, for example 1.5 times or more. The system disclosed herein misappropriates such a drilling fluid or gives it another function, namely as an abrasive carrier for abrasive suspension eroding of material, for example in the form of a blockage, a constriction or a conveyor pipe wall, with a high pressure erosion jet consisting of a Drilling fluid-abrasive suspension.
Insbesondere eine oder mehrere Austrittsdüsen der Erodiereinheit können an die besonderen Fließeigenschaften und/oder die Dichte der Bohrspülung angepasst sein. Beispielsweise kann der Durchmesser der Austrittsdüsen der Erodiereinheit im Vergleich zu solchen für Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspensions-Betrieb angepassten Austrittsdüsen bei gegebenem Eingangsdruck größer ausgestaltet sein, beispielsweise um 50% oder mehr, um eine benötigte Mindestaustrittsgeschwindigkeit zu erzielen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Bohrspülung ein Additiv zugesetzt werden, das die Bohrspülung zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren kurzfristig dünnflüssiger macht.In particular, one or more outlet nozzles of the erosion unit can be adapted to the particular flow properties and / or the density of the drilling fluid. For example, the diameter of the outlet nozzles of the erosion unit can be made larger compared to such outlet nozzles adapted for water-abrasive suspension operation at a given inlet pressure, for example by 50% or more, in order to achieve a required minimum outlet speed. Alternatively or additionally, an additive can be added to the drilling fluid that briefly makes the drilling fluid for abrasive suspension erosion thinner.
Der Düsenkopf der Erodiereinheit kann insbesondere einen einstückigen Stirnbereich aufweisen, der mittels Öffnungen die Austrittsdüsen bildet, welche somit darin "integriert" sind. Wegen des oft hohen Salzgehalts in aggressiver Bohrspülung ist nämlich der Düsenkopf erhöhter Korrosionsgefahr ausgesetzt. Durch die integrale Ausgestaltung der Austrittsdüsen in einem Hartmetallendstück, das beispielsweise Wolframcarbid auf der Oberfläche aufweisen kann, sind nicht nur die Austrittsdüsen, sondern auch der gesamte Düsenkopf besser vor Korrosion geschützt.The nozzle head of the eroding unit can in particular have a one-piece end region which, by means of openings, forms the outlet nozzles, which are thus "integrated" therein. Because of the often high salt content in aggressive drilling fluid, the nozzle head is exposed to an increased risk of corrosion. Due to the integral design of the outlet nozzles in a hard metal end piece, which, for example, can have tungsten carbide on the surface, not only the outlet nozzles, but also the entire nozzle head are better protected against corrosion.
Ein oder mehrere Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahlen der Erodiereinheit können mit einem Hochdruck der Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension von 100 bis 2.000 bar oder mehr, vorzugsweise allerdings im Druckbereich von ca. 500-700 bar, aus der Erodiereinheit austreten und eingedrücktes oder gegeneinander versetztes Förderrohr, Gestein, einen Fish oder jegliches andere blockierende Material derart erodieren, dass ein distalwärts der Blockade liegender Bereich mit einem Werkzeug zum Setzen eines Stopfens erreicht werden kann. Die Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahlen können dabei beispielsweise radial schräg nach außen gerichtet sein und um eine Drehachse rotieren, sodass die Erosionsstrahlen eine kegelmantelförmige Erodierfläche bilden. Bei einem distalwärtigen Vorschub kann diese Erodierfläche eine Blockade oder Verengung überstreichen und diese entsprechend dem Durchmesser der kegelmantelförmigen Erodierfläche forterodieren. Die Erodiereinheit erfährt beim Erodieren mittels der Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahlen so gut wie keinen widerstands- oder winkelabhängigen Rückstoß oder laterale Auslenkung. Um ein Förderrohr lateral aufzuerodieren, können ein oder mehrere Erosionsstrahlen radial nach außen gerichtet sein und der Düsenkopf um eine konzentrische oder exzentrische Drehachse rotiert werden.One or more high-pressure erosion jets of the eroding unit can with a high pressure of the drilling fluid-abrasive suspension from 100 to 2,000 bar or more, but preferably in the pressure range of approx. 500-700 bar, emerge from the erosion unit and erode an indented or offset conveying pipe, rock, fish or any other blocking material in such a way that an area distal to the blockage can be achieved with a tool for setting a plug. The high-pressure erosion jets can for example be directed radially obliquely outwards and rotate about an axis of rotation, so that the erosion jets form a cone-shaped erosion surface. In the case of a distal advancement, this erosion surface can sweep over a blockage or constriction and this can be for-eroded according to the diameter of the cone-shaped erosion surface. When eroding by means of the high-pressure erosion jets, the eroding unit experiences almost no resistance-dependent or angle-dependent recoil or lateral deflection. In order to erode a conveyor pipe laterally, one or more erosion jets can be directed radially outwards and the nozzle head can be rotated about a concentric or eccentric axis of rotation.
Optional weist das System eine mit der Erodiereinheit über die Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbindbare Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit auf, welche stromaufwärts einer Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe mit der Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbindbar ist. Alternativ kann die Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit bzw. eine zusätzliche Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit auch stromabwärts einer Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe mit der Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbindbar sein, wobei diese Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit dann vorzugsweise einen mit Abrasivmittel befüllbaren Druckbehälter aufweist. Bei ausschließlich stromabwärtiger Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit hinter der Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe ist die Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe nicht dem Verschleiß durch Abrasivmittel ausgesetzt. Da jedoch das Nachfüllen eines Hochdruckbehälters mit Abrasivmittel grundsätzlich komplexer ist als das Nachfüllen in einem Niederdruckbereich, ist die stromaufwärtige Anordnung der Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit vor der Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe prinzipiell bevorzugt.Optionally, the system has an abrasive supply unit which can be fluidly connected to the eroding unit via the drilling fluid line and which can be fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump. Alternatively, the abrasive supply unit or an additional abrasive supply unit can also be fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line downstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump, this abrasive supply unit then preferably having a pressure vessel that can be filled with abrasive. In the case of an exclusively downstream abrasive supply unit behind the high-pressure drilling fluid pump, the high-pressure drilling fluid pump is not exposed to wear from abrasives. However, since refilling a high-pressure container with abrasive is fundamentally more complex than refilling in a low-pressure area, the abrasive supply unit is arranged upstream In principle preferred over the high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
Optional kann die Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit stromaufwärts einer Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe und stromabwärts einer Versorgungspumpe angeordnet werden, wobei die Versorgungspumpe die Bohrspülung beschleunigt und das Abrasivmittel durch die beschleunigte Bohrspülung unter Ausnutzung des Venturi-Effekts in die Bohrspülung gesaugt wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu kann das Abrasivmittel schwerkraftbedingt oder-unterstützt von einem Nachfülltrichter in eine Mischkammer laufen, wo das Abrasivmittel in die Bohrspülung eingemischt wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Abrasivmittel mit einer Fördereinrichtung wie etwa einer Förderschnecke aktiv in die Bohrspülung gefördert und/oder gemischt werden.Optionally, the abrasive supply unit can be arranged upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump and downstream of a supply pump, the supply pump accelerating the drilling fluid and the abrasive being sucked into the drilling fluid by the accelerated drilling fluid using the Venturi effect. As an alternative or in addition to this, the abrasive can run from a refill funnel into a mixing chamber as a result of gravity or with the assistance of gravity, where the abrasive is mixed into the drilling fluid. Alternatively or in addition, the abrasive can be actively conveyed and / or mixed into the drilling fluid with a conveying device such as a conveying screw.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Erodiereinheit einen distalen Düsenkopfabschnitt und einen proximalen Verankerungsabschnitt auf, wobei der Düsenkopfabschnitt relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts bewegbar ist. Hierin soll "distal" eine bezüglich der Bohrlochrichtung "tiefere" Position und "proximal" entsprechend eine bezüglich der Bohrlochrichtung "höhere" Position bedeuten. "Distalwärts" bedeutet also in Vorschubrichtung und "proximalwärts" entgegen der Vorschubrichtung. Durch die distalwärtige Bewegbarkeit kann über eine begrenzte Strecke ein definierter Vortrieb des Düsenkopfabschnitts während des Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodierens gewährleistet werden. Die Erodiereinheit kann dazu beispielsweise einen Spindel- oder Kolbenantrieb aufweisen, der vorzugsweise hydraulisch über die Bohrspülung angetrieben ist. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu einem hydraulischen Antrieb mit Bohrspülung als Hydraulikflüssigkeit kann ggf. eine andere Hydraulikflüssigkeit verwendet werden, wobei die Erodiereinheit über eine parallel zur Bohrspülungsleitung geführte Hydraulikleitung mit hydraulischer Leistung versorgt wird, oder ein An trieb mittels Elektromotor vorgesehen sein, bei dem der Elektromotor über ein parallel zur Bohrspülungsleitung geführtes Kabel mit elektrischem Strom versorgt wird.According to the invention, the eroding unit has a distal nozzle head section and a proximal anchoring section, wherein the nozzle head section can be moved distally relative to the anchoring section. Here, “distal” is intended to mean a “lower” position with respect to the borehole direction and “proximal” correspondingly a “higher” position with respect to the borehole direction. “Distally” therefore means in the direction of advance and “proximally” against the direction of advance. Due to the distal mobility, a defined propulsion of the nozzle head section can be ensured over a limited distance during the abrasive suspension erosion. For this purpose, the eroding unit can for example have a spindle or piston drive, which is preferably driven hydraulically via the drilling fluid. In addition or as an alternative to a hydraulic drive with drilling fluid as the hydraulic fluid, another hydraulic fluid can optionally be used, the eroding unit being supplied with hydraulic power via a hydraulic line running parallel to the drilling fluid line, or a drive by means of an electric motor being provided which the electric motor is supplied with electrical power via a cable running parallel to the drilling fluid line.
Optional kann der Verankerungsabschnitt durch erste laterale Verankerungselemente im Gestein und/oder in einem Rohrelement in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung verankerbar sein. Damit ist die Erodiereinheit beispielsweise gegen Axialschwingungen, Verkantungen oder Verdrehungen fixierbar. Die Verankerungselemente können beispielsweise umfangseitig verteilt drei oder mehr radial auskragende Kniehebel oder Spindeln aufweisen, die sich gegen das Förderrohr oder das Gestein radial abstützen. Nach einem Erodierschritt kann der Düsenkopfabschnitt ggf. wieder proximalwärts eingefahren bzw. kann durch das Einfahren des Düsenkopfabschnitts der proximale Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts zum Düsenkopfabschnitt "gezogen" werden, wenn dieser gerade nicht verankert ist.Optionally, the anchoring section can be anchored by first lateral anchoring elements in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole. The eroding unit can thus be fixed against axial vibrations, tilting or twisting, for example. The anchoring elements can, for example, have three or more radially protruding toggle levers or spindles distributed around the circumference, which are radially supported against the conveying pipe or the rock. After an erosion step, the nozzle head section can optionally be retracted proximally again or, by retracting the nozzle head section, the proximal anchoring section can be "pulled" distal to the nozzle head section if it is not anchored.
Optional kann das System eine mit der Erodiereinheit signalverbindbare Steuereinheit aufweisen, mittels welcher ein Verankern des Verankerungsabschnitts und/oder ein distalwärtiges Bewegen des Düsenkopfabschnitts relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt steuerbar ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann ggf. ein Düsenkopf der Erodiereinheit oder die Erodiereinheit selbst bezüglich der Längsachse verschwenkt werden, um einer Kurve im Förderrohr zu folgen oder das Erodieren verstärkt auf eine Seite zu lenken. Solch ein Verschwenken kann durch die Steuereinheit steuerbar sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Kegelwinkel einer von der Ausrichtung der Austrittsdüsen definierten kegelförmigen Erodierfläche durch eine einstellbare Ausrichtung der Austrittsdüsen mittels der Steuereinheit steuerbar sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Steuereinheit mittels einer oder mehrerer Blenden oder Ähnlichem die Erosionsstrahlen beeinflussen und steuern. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Steuereinheit den Vortrieb eines Düsenkopfs bezüglich der Erodiereinheit und/oder den Vortrieb der Erodiereinheit selbst steuern.Optionally, the system can have a control unit that can be signal-connected to the erosion unit, by means of which anchoring of the anchoring section and / or a distal movement of the nozzle head section relative to the anchoring section can be controlled. Alternatively or additionally, a nozzle head of the eroding unit or the eroding unit itself can be pivoted with respect to the longitudinal axis in order to follow a curve in the conveying pipe or to direct the eroding to one side more intensely. Such pivoting can be controllable by the control unit. Alternatively or additionally, the cone angle of a conical erosion surface defined by the alignment of the outlet nozzles can be controllable by means of an adjustable alignment of the outlet nozzles by means of the control unit. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit can influence and control the erosion jets by means of one or more diaphragms or the like. As an alternative or in addition, the control unit can drive a nozzle head forward control the eroding unit and / or the advance of the eroding unit itself.
Optional kann der Düsenkopfabschnitt in einer relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts ausgefahrenen Position durch zweite laterale Verankerungselemente im Gestein und/oder in einem Rohrelement in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung verankerbar sein. Damit kann die Erodiereinheit mittels der zweiten lateralen Verankerungselemente im Gestein und/oder in einem Rohrelement in einer bestehenden Erdbohrung verankert werden, wenn die ersten Verankerungselemente nicht verankert sind und umgekehrt. Bei Verankerung des distalen Düsenkopfabschnitts durch die zweiten lateralen Verankerungselemente führt ein Einfahren des Düsenkopfabschnitts in den Verankerungsabschnitt dazu, dass der Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts gezogen wird, wenn die ersten Verankerungselemente gerade nicht verankert sind. Dadurch kann sich die Erodiereinheit raupenartig durch die Bohrung bewegen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Erodiereinheit Vortriebselemente wie Räder, Ketten, Crawler-Beine, Schneckenwalzen oder Ähnliches aufweisen, um einen steuerbaren Vortrieb der Erodiereinheit zu gewährleisten. Bei vertikalen oder schrägen Bohrungen kann auch das Eigengewicht der Erodiereinheit nebst Bohrspülungsleitung und anderem Zubehör zum Vortrieb genutzt werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Erodiereinheit proximalseitig mit einer am distalen Ende der Bohrspülungsleitung vorhandenen Werkzeugführung mit Vortriebselementen koppelbar, die normalerweise einen Bohrkopf führt, sodass die Erodiereinheit mittels der Werkzeugführung vorgetrieben wird.Optionally, the nozzle head section can be anchored in a position extended distally relative to the anchoring section by second lateral anchoring elements in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole. The eroding unit can thus be anchored in the rock and / or in a pipe element in an existing earth borehole by means of the second lateral anchoring elements, if the first anchoring elements are not anchored and vice versa. When the distal nozzle head section is anchored by the second lateral anchoring elements, a retraction of the nozzle head section into the anchoring section results in the anchoring section being pulled distally when the first anchoring elements are not anchored. This allows the eroding unit to move through the bore like a caterpillar. Alternatively or additionally, the eroding unit can have propulsion elements such as wheels, chains, crawler legs, screw rollers or the like in order to ensure a controllable propulsion of the eroding unit. In the case of vertical or inclined bores, the dead weight of the eroding unit along with the drilling fluid line and other accessories can also be used for driving. The eroding unit can preferably be coupled on the proximal side to a tool guide with propulsion elements which is present at the distal end of the drilling fluid line and which normally guides a drill head so that the eroding unit is propelled by means of the tool guide.
Erfindungsgemäß weist der Düsenkopfabschnitt einen distalen Düsenkopf und eine proximale Düsenkopfbasis auf, wobei der Düsenkopf relativ zur Düsenkopfbasis um eine Drehachse drehbar ist. Diese Drehachse kann konzentrisch oder exzentrisch zur Längsachse des Düsenkopfs liegen. Eine exzentrische Drehung hat den Vorteil, dass der Düsenkopf kleiner ausgestaltet werden kann und mehr Platz für den Abtransport von Bohrspülung, Abrasivmittel und erodiertem Material besteht. Wie bereits zuvor beschrieben, kann somit mit einem oder mehreren schrägen Erosionsstrahlen eine kegelmantelförmige Erodierfläche erzeugt werden, um jegliches innerhalb eines durch die Grundfläche der kegelmantelförmigen Erodierfläche definierten Querschnitts befindliches Material fort zu erodieren.According to the invention, the nozzle head section has a distal nozzle head and a proximal nozzle head base, the nozzle head being rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to the nozzle head base. This axis of rotation can be concentric or eccentric to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle head. An eccentric rotation has the advantage that the The nozzle head can be made smaller and there is more space for the removal of drilling fluid, abrasives and eroded material. As already described above, a cone-shaped erosion surface can be generated with one or more oblique erosion jets in order to erode away any material located within a cross-section defined by the base surface of the cone-shaped erosion surface.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Erodiereinheit mindestens eine erste nach außen gerichtete Düse und mindestens eine nach innen gerichtete zweite Düse auf, wobei die mindestens eine nach innen gerichtete zweite Düse einen Abstand zur Drehachse des Düsenkopfs hat. "Nach innen/außen gerichtet" kann hier heißen, dass der Erosionsstrahl aus der Düse die Drehachse schneidet oder windschief zu dieser verläuft.According to the invention, the eroding unit has at least one first outwardly directed nozzle and at least one inwardly directed second nozzle, the at least one inwardly directed second nozzle being at a distance from the axis of rotation of the nozzle head. "Directed inwards / outwards" can mean that the erosion jet from the nozzle intersects the axis of rotation or is skewed to it.
Optional kann die Erodiereinheit mindestens zwei erste Düsen aufweisen, die mit einem unterschiedlichen Winkel bezüglich der Drehachse ausgerichtet sind, und/oder mindestens zwei zweite Düsen aufweisen, von denen mindestens eine so ausgerichtet ist, dass der Erosionsstrahl die Drehachse schneidet, und/oder mindestens eine so ausgerichtet ist, dass der Erosionsstrahl windschief zur Drehachse verläuft. Um eine maximale Erosionsleistung zu erzielen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn jeder Erosionsstrahl unter einem anderen Winkel bezüglich der Drehachse verläuft und sich die entsprechenden kegelmantelförmigen Erodierflächen so ergänzen, dass eine maximale Volumenabtragsrate erzielt wird.Optionally, the erosion unit can have at least two first nozzles that are oriented at a different angle with respect to the axis of rotation, and / or have at least two second nozzles, at least one of which is oriented so that the erosion jet intersects the axis of rotation, and / or at least one is aligned so that the erosion beam is skewed to the axis of rotation. In order to achieve maximum erosion performance, it is advantageous if each erosion jet runs at a different angle with respect to the axis of rotation and the corresponding cone-shaped erosion surfaces complement each other in such a way that a maximum volume removal rate is achieved.
Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt dieser Offenbarung wird eine Erdbohranlage mit einer Bohrspülungsleitung und einem oben geschriebenen Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System bereitgestellt, wobei die Erodiereinheit mit der Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbunden ist. Vorzugsweise weist das Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System dabei eine mit der Erodiereinheit über die Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbundene Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit auf, welche stromaufwärts einer Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe mit der Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbunden ist. Die Erdbohranlage umfasst also neben dem Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System die Bohrspülungsleitung und vorzugsweise auch eine Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe.According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an earth drilling rig having a drilling fluid line and an abrasive suspension eroding system as described above is provided, wherein the eroding unit is fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line. The abrasive-suspension-eroding system preferably has an abrasive supply unit which is fluidly connected to the eroding unit via the drilling fluid line which is fluidly connected to the drilling fluid line upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump. In addition to the abrasive-suspension-eroding system, the earth drilling rig also comprises the drilling fluid line and preferably also a high-pressure drilling fluid pump.
Gemäß einem dritten Aspekt der vorliegenden Offenbarung wird ein Verfahren zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren innerhalb einer bestehenden Erdbohrung bereitgestellt mit den Schritten:
- Ablassen einer Erodiereinheit in die bestehende Erdbohrung, wobei die Erodiereinheit mit einer Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit über eine Bohrspülungsleitung fluidverbunden ist,
- Zuführen von Abrasivmittel mittels der Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit in die Bohrspülungsleitung,
- Pumpen einer Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension durch die Bohrspülungsleitung zur Erodiereinheit,
- Erzeugen eines Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahls aus der Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension mittels der Erodiereinheit, und
- Erodieren von Material in der bestehenden Erdbohrung mittels des Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahls aus der Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension, wobei ein distaler Düsenkopfabschnitt der Erodiereinheit relativ zu einem proximalen Verankerungsabschnitt der Erodiereinheit distalwärts bewegt wird und ein distaler Düsenkopf des Düsenkopfabschnitts relativ zu einer Düsenkopfbasis des Düsenkopfabschnitts um eine Drehachse gedreht wird, wobei mittels mindestens einer ersten Düse des Düsenkopfs ein schräg nach radial außen gerichteter Erosionsstrahl erzeugt wird und mittels mindestens einer von der Drehachse beabstandeten zweiten Düse des Düsenkopfs ein schräg nach radial innen gerichteter Erosionsstrahl erzeugt wird.
- Lowering an erosion unit into the existing earth borehole, the erosion unit being fluidly connected to an abrasive supply unit via a drilling fluid line,
- Feeding abrasive into the drilling fluid line by means of the abrasive supply unit,
- Pumping a drilling fluid / abrasive suspension through the drilling fluid line to the eroding unit,
- Generating a high-pressure erosion jet from the drilling fluid / abrasive suspension by means of the eroding unit, and
- Eroding material in the existing earth borehole by means of the high pressure erosion jet from the drilling fluid / abrasive suspension, wherein a distal nozzle head section of the eroding unit is moved distally relative to a proximal anchoring section of the eroding unit and a distal nozzle head of the nozzle head section is moved around a nozzle head section base of the nozzle head Axis of rotation is rotated, with at least one first nozzle of the nozzle head generating an obliquely radially outwardly directed erosion jet and by means of at least one second nozzle of the nozzle head spaced apart from the axis of rotation generating an obliquely radially inwardly directed erosion jet.
Das Verfahren wird vorzugsweise bei Tiefseebohrungen nach wasserstoffbasierten fossilen Energieträgern wie Öl oder Erdgas verwendet, wenn ein Förderrohr einer Erdbohrung an einem Punkt zu verschließen ist, der wegen einer Blockade oder Verengung nicht mit dem notwendigen Werkzeug zum Verschließen erreichbar ist. Nach den obigen Schritten und erfolgreichem Wegerodieren der Blockade bzw. der Verengung kann distalwärts dieser Blockade bzw. Verengung ein Betonstopfen gesetzt werden, um das Förderrohr zum sicheren Schutz der Umwelt zu verschließen.The method is preferably used for deep-sea drilling for hydrogen-based fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas, if a production pipe of an earth drilling has to be closed at one point which cannot be reached with the necessary tool for closing due to a blockage or narrowing. After the above steps and successful erosion of the blockage or constriction, a concrete stopper can be placed distal to this blockage or constriction in order to close the delivery pipe for safe protection of the environment.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das Verfahren ein distalwärtiges Bewegen eines distalen Düsenkopfabschnitts der Erodiereinheit relativ zu einem proximalen Verankerungsabschnitt der Erodiereinheit auf. Damit kann der Düsenkopfabschnitt in definierter Weise während des Erodierens distalwärts bewegt werden, um ein bestimmtes Volumen fort zu erodieren. Dabei wird mittels der Bohrspülung, ähnlich wie beim Bohren mit Bohrkopf, sowohl das erodierte Material als auch das zum Erodieren verwendete Abrasivmittel zu Tage geschwemmt bzw. gespült.According to the invention, the method comprises a distal movement of a distal nozzle head section of the eroding unit relative to a proximal anchoring section of the eroding unit. In this way, the nozzle head section can be moved distally in a defined manner during the erosion in order to continue eroding a certain volume. Similar to drilling with a drill head, both the eroded material and the abrasive used for eroding are washed up or flushed to the surface by means of the drilling mud.
Das Verfahren kann optional ein Verankern eines proximalen Verankerungsabschnitts durch erste laterale Verankerungselemente aufweisen. Damit kann eine definierte Position der Erodiereinheit während des Erodierens gehalten werden.The method can optionally include anchoring a proximal anchoring section by first lateral anchoring elements. In this way, a defined position of the eroding unit can be maintained during the erosion.
Das Verfahren kann optional ein Verankern eines distalen Düsenkopfabschnitts in einer relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts ausgefahrenen Position durch zweite laterale Verankerungselemente aufweisen. Damit kann der Verankerungsabschnitt distalwärts zum Düsenkopfabschnitt nachgezogen und ein raupenartiger Vortrieb realisiert werden.The method can optionally include anchoring a distal nozzle head section in a position extended distally relative to the anchoring section by means of second lateral anchoring elements. In this way, the anchoring section can be drawn distally to the nozzle head section and a caterpillar-like propulsion can be implemented.
Optional kann das Verfahren ein Steuern des Verankerns und/oder des distalwärtigen Bewegens mittels einer mit der Erodiereinheit signalverbundenen Steuereinheit aufweisen. Die Steuereinheit kann über Tage angeordnet sein und über eine elektrische, optische oder hydraulische Signalleitung sämtliche Funktionen der Erodiereinheit steuern.Optionally, the method can include controlling the anchoring and / or the distal movement by means of a control unit signal-connected to the eroding unit. The control unit can be arranged above ground and control all functions of the eroding unit via an electrical, optical or hydraulic signal line.
Optional kann das Verfahren ein Drehen eines distalen Düsenkopfs des Düsenkopfabschnitts relativ zu einer proximalen Düsenkopfbasis des Düsenkopfabschnitts um eine Drehachse aufweisen, wobei die Drehachse exzentrisch oder konzentrisch zur Längsachse des Düsenkopfs verlaufen kann. Wie bereits zuvor beschrieben, kann somit mit einem oder mehreren schrägen Erosionsstrahlen eine kegelmantelförmige Erodierfläche erzeugt werden, um jegliches innerhalb eines durch die Grundfläche der kegelmantelförmigen Erodierfläche definierten Querschnitts befindliches Material fort zu erodieren. Eine exzentrische Drehung des Düsenkopfs hat zum einen den Vorteil, dass der Düsenkopfs bei gleichem Überstreichungsradius kleiner ausgestaltet werden kann und zum anderen mehr Platz für den Abtransport von Bohrspülung, Abrasivmittel von erodiertem Material nach oben vorhanden ist.Optionally, the method can include rotating a distal nozzle head of the nozzle head section relative to a proximal nozzle head base of the nozzle head section about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation can run eccentrically or concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle head. As already described above, one or more oblique erosion jets can thus create a cone-shaped Eroding surface are generated in order to erode away any material located within a cross-section defined by the base surface of the conical surface-shaped erosion surface. An eccentric rotation of the nozzle head has the advantage, on the one hand, that the nozzle head can be designed to be smaller with the same sweep radius and, on the other hand, there is more space for the removal of drilling fluid, abrasives and eroded material upwards.
Optional kann das Zuführen von Abrasivmittel mittels der Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit in die Bohrspülungsleitung stromaufwärts einer Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe stattfinden. Dadurch muss kein Druckbehälter zum Zuführen von Abrasivmittel in den Hochdruckbereich, der stromabwärts der Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe liegt, vorgesehen werden, wodurch ein einfaches, kontinuierliches Nachfüllen von Abrasivmittel ermöglicht wird.Optionally, the abrasive can be fed into the drilling fluid line by means of the abrasive agent supply unit upstream of a high-pressure drilling fluid pump. As a result, there is no need to provide a pressure vessel for supplying abrasive into the high-pressure area, which is located downstream of the high-pressure drilling fluid pump, which enables simple, continuous refilling of abrasive.
Die Offenbarung ist nachfolgend anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein erstes schematisches Anwendungsbeispiel des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems zum Erodieren einer Verengung in einer Tiefseebohrung;
- Fig. 2
- ein zweites schematisches Anwendungsbeispiel des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems zum radialen Aufschneiden eines Förderrohrs einer Tiefseebohrung;
- Fig. 3
- ein drittes schematisches Anwendungsbeispiel des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems zum Fishing in einer Tiefseebohrung;
- Fig. 4
- ein viertes schematisches Anwendungsbeispiel des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems zum seitlichen Vortrieb in eine Abzweigung einer Tiefseebohrung;
- Fig. 5
- eine erste beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Erdbohranlage mit dem hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System;
- Fig. 6
- eine zweite beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Erdbohranlage mit dem hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-SuspensionsErodier-System;
- Fig. 7
- sechs Momentansichten a)- f) einer Erodiereinheit einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems in jeweils verschiedenen Stadien des Vortriebs; und
- Fig. 8
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Düsenkopfs einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems;
- Fig. 9
- eine Seitenansicht eines Düsenkopfs einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems;
- Fig. 10
- eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite eines Düsenkopfs einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des hierein offenbarten Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-Systems; und
- Fig. 11
- ein Ablaufdiagramm einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des hierin offenbarten Verfahrens zum Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodieren von Material innerhalb einer bestehenden Erdbohrung.
- Fig. 1
- a first schematic application example of the herein disclosed abrasive suspension erosion system for eroding a constriction in a deep-sea borehole;
- Fig. 2
- a second schematic application example of the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein for the radial cutting of a conveying pipe of a deep sea well;
- Fig. 3
- a third schematic application example of the abrasive suspension eroding system disclosed herein for fishing in a deep-sea borehole;
- Fig. 4
- a fourth schematic application example of the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein for lateral propulsion in a branch of a deep-sea borehole;
- Fig. 5
- a first exemplary embodiment of an earth drilling rig with the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein;
- Fig. 6
- a second exemplary embodiment of an earth drilling rig with the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein;
- Fig. 7
- six instantaneous views a) - f) of an eroding unit of an exemplary embodiment of the abrasive-suspension-eroding system disclosed herein in each different stages of the advance; and
- Fig. 8
- a perspective view of a nozzle head of an exemplary embodiment of the herein disclosed abrasive-suspension-erosion system;
- Fig. 9
- a side view of a nozzle head of an exemplary embodiment of the herein disclosed abrasive-suspension-erosion system;
- Fig. 10
- a view of the end face of a nozzle head of an exemplary embodiment of the herein disclosed abrasive suspension eroding system; and
- Fig. 11
- a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the method disclosed herein for abrasive suspension eroding of material within an existing earth well.
In
Um nun einen Stopfen unterhalb bzw. distalseitig der Verengung 6 setzen zu können, muss der Querschnitt an der Verengung 6 so weit geöffnet werden, dass ein entsprechendes Werkzeug zum Setzen eines Stopfens hindurch passt. Herkömmliche Lösungen mit einem Bohrfräskopf werden allerdings bei solch einer Verengung 6 häufig seitlich ausgelenkt und fressen sich fest. Deshalb wird hier ein Abrasiv-Suspensions-Erodier-System in Verbindung mit einer Bohrspülleitung 9 einer Erdbohranlage 10 verwendet, wobei die Bohrspülleitung 9 normalerweise dazu bestimmt ist, beim Bohren mit einem Bohrfräskopf gebohrtes Gestein effizient zu Tage zu fördern. Über eine Plattform 7 der Erdbohranlage 10, hier in Form eines Schiffes, ist die Bohrspülleitung 9 in die Tiefseebohrung 1 eingelassen. Am distalen Ende der Bohrspülleitung 9 ist eine Erodiereinheit 11 mit der Bohrspülleitung 9 fluidverbunden. Die Erodiereinheit 11 ist in der Tiefseebohrung 1 innerhalb des Förderrohrs 5 direkt oberhalb der Verengung 6 positioniert. Die Erodiereinheit 11 ist mechanisch mit der Bohrspülleitung 9 derart gekoppelt, dass die Erodiereinheit 11 von der Plattform 7 aus über ein Ein- und Ausrollen der Bohrspülleitung 9 positionierbar ist. In distale Richtung kann dabei das Eigengewicht von Bohrspülleitung 9 und Erodiereinheit 11 genutzt werden oder eine Vortriebseinrichtung vorgesehen sein, insbesondere zum Vortrieb bei horizontalen oder relativ flachen Streckenabschnitten.In order to be able to place a stopper below or on the distal side of the
Die Erodiereinheit 11 weist einen distalen Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 und einen proximalen Verankerungsabschnitt 15 auf. Durch laterale Verankerungselemente 16, hier in Form von Kniehebeln, ist der Verankerungsabschnitt 15 verankerbar. Der Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 ist relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt 15 in distale Richtung ausfahrbar. Am distalen Ende des Düsenkopfabschnitts 13 befindet sich ein Düsenkopf 17, der relativ zu einer Düsenkopfbasis 19 des Düsenkopfabschnitts 13 rotierbar ist. An einer Stirnseite des Düsenkopfs 17 sind mehrere Austrittsdüsen angeordnet. Die Austrittsdüsen sind so angeordnet, dass austretenden Erosionsstrahlen einen Strahlenfächer bilden. Bei Rotation des Düsenkopfs 17 überstreicht jeder Erosionsstrahl, der einen Winkel mit der Drehachse R einschließt, eine kegelmantelförmige Erodierfläche. Bei Erosionsstrahlen, die eine radial nach innen gerichtete Komponente aufweisen und die Drehachse R schneiden oder windschief zu dieser verlaufen, ergibt sich eine Erodierfläche in Form einer Mantelfläche eines Rotationskörpers aus zwei mit den Spitzen aufeinanderliegenden Kegeln bzw. Kegelstümpfen.The eroding
Die Erdbohranlage 10 weist zudem einen Bohrspülungsrücklauf 14 auf, durch den die Bohrspülung zusammen mit erodiertem Material und Abrasivmittel zur Plattform 7 zu Tage gespült wird. Die Bohrspülung durchläuft somit einen Kreislauf, wobei die zu Tage geförderte Bohrspülung auf der Plattform 7 von erodiertem Material und Abrasivmittel getrennt und für eine erneute Verwendung aufbereitet wird.The
In
In
Bei der Anwendungsform in
In
Damit die der Erodiereinheit 11 unter Hochdruck von 500 - 700 bar über die Bohrspülleitung 9 bereitgestellte Bohrspülung zum AbrasivErodieren benutzt werden kann, wird der Bohrspülung Abrasivmittel zugesetzt. In der in
Dazu wird mittels einer Saugpumpe 41 über den in die Erdbohrung 1 eingelassenen Bohrspülungsrücklauf 14 die Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension zusammen mit erodiertem Material, wie etwa erodiertem Gestein bzw. Material eines Fishes oder einer Förderrohrwand, zu Tage gesaugt. Die Saugpumpe 41 kann ggf. auch nur einen bereits bestehenden und/oder durch die Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe 25 erzeugten Druckunterschied unterstützen, der den Bohrschlamm nach oben drückt. Der zu Tage geförderte Bohrschlamm wird in ein Aufbereitungsmodul 43 geführt. Das Aufbereitungsmodul 43 weist einen Schüttler bzw. Schieferschüttler (englisch: shale shaker) auf, der Bohrspülung von Gestein trennt, damit die Bohrspülung wiederverwertet und vom Aufbereitungsmodul 43 in den Bohrspülungstank 39 geleitet werden kann. Hier weist das Aufbereitungsmodul 43 auch einen Abrasivmittelabscheider 44 auf, damit auch das Abrasivmittel wiederverwendet und ggf. direkt in nasser bzw. feuchter Form oder nach einer Trocknung über den Nachfülltrichter 37 dem Kreislauf wieder zugeführt werden kann. Zusätzlich zum Abrasivmittel kann über die Mischkammer 35 auch ein Additiv wie etwa langkettige Polymere eingemischt werden. Solche langkettigen Polymere können wasserlöslich sein und dazu dienen, die Fokussierung der Erosionsstrahlen bzw. des darin enthaltenen Abrasivmittels zu verbessern, die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und den Verschleiß in Hochdruckkomponenten zu verringern.For this purpose, the drilling fluid-abrasive suspension together with eroded material, such as eroded rock or material of a fish or a conveyor pipe wall, is sucked to the surface by means of a
In der Ausführungsform gemäß
Beim Erodieren wird der Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 relativ zum verankerten Verankerungsabschnitt 15 distalwärts ausgefahren, damit die kegelmantelförmigen Erodierflächen ein Volumen des Fishes 20 überstreichen, um diesen so fortzuerodieren. In b) ist eine maximal distale Position des Düsenkopfabschnitts 13 relativ zum Verankerungsabschnitt 15 erreicht, sodass der Rest des Fishes 20 nicht forterodiert werden kann, wenn die Erodiereinheit 11 nicht vorgetrieben wird. Dies kann über eine Vortriebseinrichtung erfolgen oder, wie in c) und d) gezeigt, über zweite Verankerungselemente 53, die in Form von Kniehebeln lateral aus dem Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 ausgefahren werden und den Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 in dem Förderrohr 5 verankern. Die ersten Verankerungselemente 16 des Verankerungsabschnitts 15 werden wieder eingefahren. Von c) nach d) wird durch ein Einfahren des verankerten Düsenkopfabschnitts 13 in den Verankerungsabschnitt 15 erreicht, dass sich der nicht mehr verankerte Verankerungsabschnitt 15 distalwärts zum Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 zieht. Die Steuereinheit 27, die all dies steuert, sorgt für eine entsprechend notwendige Nachführung der Bohrspülungsleitung 9 und der Signalleitung 23. In d) ist dann der Düsenkopfabschnitt 13 maximal eingefahren im Verankerungsabschnitt 15, sodass die zweiten Verankerungselemente 53 eingefahren werden können, während die ersten Verankerungselemente 16 wieder ausgefahren werden können (siehe e)). In e) beginnt ein weiterer Erodierschritt wie in a) nun für den Rest des Fishes 20 in einer tieferen bzw. distaleren Position. In f) ist dann der gesamte Fish 20 forterodiert und es kann der Förderrohrabschnitt zum Setzen eines Stopfens erreicht werden, der unterhalb des (nicht mehr vorhandenen) Fishes 20 liegt.During erosion, the
Die nummerierten Bezeichnungen der Bauteile oder Bewegungsrichtungen als "erste", "zweite", "dritte" usw. sind hierin rein willkürlich zur Unterscheidung der Bauteile oder Bewegungsrichtungen untereinander gewählt und können beliebig anders gewählt werden. Es ist damit kein Bedeutungsrang verbunden.The numbered designations of the components or directions of movement as “first”, “second”, “third” etc. are chosen here purely arbitrarily to distinguish the components or directions of movement from one another and can be chosen differently as desired. It is not associated with any rank of importance.
Äquivalente Ausführungsformen der hierin beschriebenen Parameter, Bauteile oder Funktionen, die in Anbetracht dieser Beschreibung einer fachlich versierten Person als offensichtlich erscheinen, seien hierin so erfasst als wären sie explizit beschrieben. Entsprechend soll der Schutzbereich der Ansprüche solche äquivalente Ausführungsformen umfassen. Als optional, vorteilhaft, bevorzugt, erwünscht oder ähnlich bezeichnete "kann"-Merkmale sind als optional zu verstehen und nicht als schutzbereichsbeschränkend.Equivalent embodiments of the parameters, components or functions described herein that appear obvious to a person skilled in the art in view of this description are included herein as if they were explicitly described. Accordingly, the scope of the claims is intended to include such equivalent embodiments. “Can” features designated as optional, advantageous, preferred, desired or similar are to be understood as optional and not as limiting the scope of protection.
Die beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind als illustrative Beispiele zu verstehen und stellen keine abschließende Liste von möglichen Ausführungsformen dar. Jedes Merkmal, das im Rahmen einer Ausführungsform offenbart wurde, kann allein oder in Kombination mit einem oder mehreren anderen Merkmalen verwendet werden, unabhängig davon, in welcher Ausführungsform die Merkmale jeweils beschrieben wurden. Während mindestens ein Ausführungsbeispiel hierin beschrieben und gezeigt ist, seien Abwandlungen und alternative Ausführungsformen, die einer fachmännisch versierten Person in Anbetracht dieser Beschreibung als offensichtlich erscheinen, vom Schutzbereich dieser Offenbarung mit erfasst. Im Übrigen soll hierin weder der Begriff "aufweisen" zusätzliche andere Merkmale oder Verfahrensschritte ausschließen noch soll "ein" oder "eine" eine Mehrzahl ausschließen.The embodiments described are to be understood as illustrative examples and do not represent an exhaustive list of possible ones Each feature that has been disclosed in the context of an embodiment can be used alone or in combination with one or more other features, regardless of the embodiment in which the features were respectively described. While at least one exemplary embodiment is described and shown herein, modifications and alternative embodiments that appear obvious to a person skilled in the art in view of this description are included within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, the term “having” is not intended to exclude additional other features or method steps, nor is “a” intended to exclude a plurality.
- 11
- - Erdbohrung bzw. Tiefseebohrung- Earth drilling or deep sea drilling
- 33
- - Seeboden- Seeboden
- 55
- - Förderrohr- conveyor pipe
- 66
- - Verengung- narrowing
- 77th
- - Plattform- Platform
- 99
- - Bohrspülleitung- drilling fluid line
- 1010
- - Erdbohranlage- Earth drilling rig
- 1111
- - Erodiereinheit- eroding unit
- 1313
- - Düsenkopfabschnitt- nozzle head section
- 1414th
- - Bohrspülungsrücklauf- drilling fluid return
- 1515th
- - Verankerungsabschnitt- Anchoring section
- 1616
- - erste Verankerungselemente- first anchoring elements
- 1717th
- - Düsenkopf- nozzle head
- 1919th
- - Düsenkopfbasis- nozzle head base
- 2020th
- - Fish- Fish
- 2121st
- - Side-Tracking-Führung- Side tracking guide
- 2323
- - Signalleitung- signal line
- 2525th
- - Bohrspülungshochdruckpumpe- High pressure drilling fluid pump
- 2727
- - Steuereinheit- control unit
- 2929
- - Abrasivmittel-Versorgungseinheit- Abrasive supply unit
- 3131
- - Versorgungspumpe- supply pump
- 3333
- - Booster-Pumpe- Booster pump
- 3535
- - Mischkammer- Mixing chamber
- 3737
- - Nachfülltrichter- refill funnel
- 3939
- - Bohrspülungstank- drilling fluid tank
- 4141
- - Saugpumpe- suction pump
- 4343
- - Aufbereitungsmodul- processing module
- 4444
- - Abrasivmittelabscheider- Abrasive separator
- 4545
- - Druckbehälter- Pressure vessel
- 4747
- - Hochdruckpumpe- High pressure pump
- 4949
- - erste Düse- first nozzle
- 5151
- - zweite Düse- second nozzle
- 5353
- - zweite Verankerungselemente- second anchoring elements
- 5555
- - Anschlussstutzen- connection piece
- 5757
- - Eingangsabschnitt- Entrance section
- 5959
- - Kopfabschnitt- head section
- 6161
- - Mittelabschnitt- Middle section
- 6363
- - konkave Vertiefung- concave recess
- 11011101
- - Ablassen der Erodiereinheit in die bestehende Erdbohrung- Lowering the eroding unit into the existing earth drilling
- 11031103
- - Zuführen von Abrasivmittel- Adding abrasives
- 11051105
- - Pumpen der Bohrspülung-Abrasivmittel-Suspension- Pumping the drilling fluid / abrasive suspension
- 11071107
- - Erzeugen eines Hochdruck-Erosionsstrahls- Generating a high pressure erosion jet
- 11091109
- - Erodieren von Material in der bestehenden Erdbohrung- Eroding of material in the existing earth well
- 11111111
- - distalwärtiges Bewegen eines distalen Düsenkopfabschnitts- Moving a distal nozzle head section distally
- 11131113
- - Verankern eines proximalen Verankerungsabschnitts- Anchoring a proximal anchoring section
- 11151115
- - Verankern eines distalen Düsenkopfabschnitts- Anchoring a distal nozzle head section
Claims (15)
- An abrasive suspension eroding system with an eroding unit (11) which can be let down into an existing borehole (1), for producing (1107) a high-pressure erosion jet for the abrasive suspension eroding of material (6, 20) in an existing borehole (1), characterised in that the eroding unit (11) is connectable to a drilling fluid conduit (9) and is designed to produce a high-pressure erosion jet from a drilling fluid - abrasive agent suspension, wherein the eroding unit (11) comprises a distal nozzle head section (13) and a proximal anchoring section (15), wherein the nozzle head section (13) is distally movable relative to the anchoring section (15), wherein the nozzle head section (13) comprises a distal nozzle head (17) and a proximal nozzle head base (19), wherein the nozzle head (17) is rotatable relative to the nozzle head base (19) about a rotation axis (R), wherein the eroding unit (11) comprises at least one first nozzle (49) and at least one second nozzle (51), wherein the at least one first nozzle (49) is aligned for producing an obliquely radially outwardly directed erosion jet and the at least one second nozzle (51) for producing an obliquely radially inwardly directed erosion jet, wherein the at least one second nozzle (51) has a distance to the rotation axis of the nozzle head (17).
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to claim 1, which comprises an abrasive agent supply unit (29) which is fluid-connectable to the eroding unit (11) via the drilling fluid conduit (9) and which is fluidically connectable to the drilling fluid conduit (9) upstream of a drilling fluid high-pressure pump (25).
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchoring section (15) can be anchored in an existing borehole (1) in the rock and/or in a pipe element by way of first lateral anchoring elements (16).
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to one of the preceding claims, which comprises a control unit (27) which is signal-connected to the eroding unit (11) and by way of which an anchoring (813) of the anchoring section (15) and/or a distal moving (811) of the nozzle head section (13) relative to the anchoring section (15) is controllable.
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the nozzle head section (13) can be anchored in an existing borehole (1) in the rock and/or in a pipe element in a distally extended position relative to the anchoring section (15) by way of two lateral anchoring elements (49).
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nozzle head (17) is eccentrically rotatable.
- An abrasive suspension eroding system according to one of the preceding claims, with at least two first nozzles (49) which are aligned at a different angle with respect to the rotation axis (R), and/or with at least two second nozzles (51), of which at least one is aligned such that the erosion jet intersects the rotation axis (R) and/or at least one is aligned such that the erosion jet runs skewly to the rotation axis (R).
- A borehole facility (10) with a drilling fluid conduit (9) and with an abrasive suspension eroding system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the eroding unit (11) is fluid-connected to the drilling fluid conduit (9).
- A borehole facility (10) according to claim 8, wherein the abrasive suspension eroding system comprises an abrasive agent supply unit (29) which is fluid-connected to the eroding unit (11) via the drilling fluid conduit (9) and which is fluid-connected to the drilling fluid conduit (9) upstream of a drilling fluid high-pressure pump (25).
- A method for the abrasive-suspension eroding of material (6, 20) within an existing borehole (1) with the steps:- letting down (1101) an eroding unit into the existing borehole (1), wherein the eroding unit (11) is fluid-connected to an abrasive agent supply unit (29) via a drilling fluid conduit (9),- feeding (1103) abrasive agent into the drilling fluid conduit (9) by way of the abrasive agent supply unit (29),- pumping (1105) a drilling fluid - abrasive agent suspension through the drilling fluid conduit (9) to the eroding unit (11) by way of a drilling mud high-pressure pump (25),- producing (1107) a high-pressure erosion jet of the drilling fluid - abrasive agent suspension by way of the eroding unit (11), and- eroding (1107) material (6, 20) in the existing borehole (1) by way of the high-pressure erosion jet of the drilling fluid - abrasive agent suspension, wherein a distal nozzle head portion (13) of the eroding unit is moved distally relative to a proximal anchoring portion (15) of the eroding unit and a distal nozzle head (17) of the nozzle head portion (13) is rotated about an axis of rotation (R) relative to a nozzle head base (19) of the nozzle head portion (13), wherein by means of at least one first nozzle (49) of the nozzle head (17) an erosion jet directed obliquely radially outwards is produced and by means of at least one second nozzle (51) of the nozzle head (17) spaced from the axis of rotation (R) an erosion jet directed obliquely radially inwards is produced.
- A method according to claim 10, further comprising an anchoring (1113) of a proximal anchoring section (15) by way of first lateral anchoring elements (16).
- A method according to claim 11, further comprising an anchoring (1113) of a distal nozzle head section (13) in a position which is extended distally relative to the anchoring section (15), by way of second lateral anchoring elements (49).
- A method according to one of the claims 10 to 12, further comprising a controlling of the anchoring (1113) and/or of the distal moving (1111) by way of a control unit (27) which is signal-connected to the eroding unit (11).
- A method according to one of the claims 10 to 13, further comprising a rotating (1115) of a distal nozzle head (17) of the nozzle head section (13) relative to a proximal nozzle head base (19) of the nozzle head section (13) about a rotation axis (R) which runs eccentrically to the longitudinal axis (L) of the nozzle head (17).
- A method according to one of the claims 10 to 14, wherein the feeding (1103) of the abrasive agent into the drilling fluid conduit (9) by way of the abrasive agent supply unit (29) takes place upstream of a drilling fluid high-pressure pump (25).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/EP2017/062751 WO2018215074A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | Abrasive suspension eroding system |
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EP3631149A1 EP3631149A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
EP3631149B1 true EP3631149B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
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EP17725956.1A Active EP3631149B1 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | Abrasive suspension eroding system |
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US (1) | US11346157B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3631149B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110678624B (en) |
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BR (1) | BR112019017345B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3061168C (en) |
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NO346502B1 (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2022-09-12 | Target Intervention As | Downhole tool and method for operating the same |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4534427A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-08-13 | Wang Fun Den | Abrasive containing fluid jet drilling apparatus and process |
US5381631A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1995-01-17 | Flow International Corporation | Method and apparatus for cutting metal casings with an ultrahigh-pressure abrasive fluid jet |
GB0002704D0 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2000-03-29 | Circle Technical Services Limi | Gas cutting shroud |
NO314733B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-05-12 | Norse Cutting & Abandonment As | Device by a hydraulic cutting tool |
US7540327B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-06-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Abrasive jet cutting system and method for cutting wellbore tubulars |
US20120118562A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2012-05-17 | Mcafee Wesley Mark | System, apparatus and method for abrasive jet fluid cutting |
CN101029560B (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2012-06-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Wellbottom rock-fragment abrasive jet-flowing drilling tool |
US8757269B2 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2014-06-24 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | Clamp for a well tubular |
US20130284440A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-31 | Wesley Mark McAfee | System, apparatus and method for abrasive jet fluid cutting |
CN105980106A (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2016-09-28 | 艾恩特应用新技术公司 | Nozzle head |
-
2017
- 2017-05-26 BR BR112019017345-5A patent/BR112019017345B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-05-26 MX MX2019014066A patent/MX2019014066A/en unknown
- 2017-05-26 WO PCT/EP2017/062751 patent/WO2018215074A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-05-26 DK DK17725956.1T patent/DK3631149T3/en active
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MX2019014066A (en) | 2020-02-07 |
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CA3061168A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
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BR112019017345A2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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EP3631149A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
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