EP3617407A1 - Decommissioning of foundation piles - Google Patents
Decommissioning of foundation piles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3617407A1 EP3617407A1 EP19191180.9A EP19191180A EP3617407A1 EP 3617407 A1 EP3617407 A1 EP 3617407A1 EP 19191180 A EP19191180 A EP 19191180A EP 3617407 A1 EP3617407 A1 EP 3617407A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foundation pile
- cutting tool
- wall
- cutting
- pile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001481833 Coryphaena hippurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001125840 Coryphaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
- E02D9/04—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof by cutting-off under water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
- E02D9/02—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof by withdrawing
Definitions
- the subject matter relates to a method for dismantling a foundation pile, in particular a hollow pile, in particular a dale, an outer wall of wells / boreholes, a wind turbine, in particular an offshore wind turbine or the like.
- Wind turbines, dolphins or the like are usually anchored in the ground on hollow foundation piles.
- the dismantling of the foundation piles is complex and sometimes not completely possible. So far, the foundation piles have only been partially dismantled in the area of the penetration depth, with only the upper part of the foundation pile being removed, while the lower part remains permanently in the seabed.
- the object of the object was to simplify the dismantling of hollow piles and to enable complete dismantling.
- a helical cut in the outer wall of the hollow pile can be used to reduce its static friction on the surrounding soil. Thanks to the helical cut, it is possible to pull the foundation pile out of the foundation essentially in one piece. This takes place in that the helical cut reduces the diameter of the foundation pile during the pulling out, since the cut simultaneously elongates the pile with a pulling force.
- the helical cut is achieved along a dividing line that extends tangentially and axially to the inner wall of the foundation pile. This means that the dividing line extends both in the circumferential direction and in the longitudinal direction of the foundation pile.
- a cutting tool is preferably fed along two mutually perpendicular axes, one axis being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile and the second axis being tangential to the inner wall of the foundation pile.
- the wall of the foundation pile is preferably completely severed, preferably using a cutting tool.
- a cutting tool is preferably first moved to the beginning of the dividing line.
- the wall of the foundation pile is then preferably completely, if necessary only partially, cut through by means of the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool is then moved in a feed direction axially and tangentially to the inner wall, with this movement being a continuous cut or partial cut of the wall of the foundation pile.
- the wall of the foundation pile is preferably a steel sheet and typically has a wall thickness between 50mm and 150mm.
- the cutting tool is designed to completely or partially cut through such large wall thicknesses.
- the cutting tool can be part of a cutting tool.
- the cutting tool can guide the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool can rest on the inner wall of the hollow pile.
- the cutting tool can serve as a drive for the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool can ensure an axial feed in the foundation pile.
- the cutting tool can rotate the cutting tool around the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile.
- the dividing line is preferably spiral, in particular helical.
- the helical winding does not necessarily have to be uniform, uniform, but also non-uniform windings with different pitch heights and / or pitch angles are possible.
- the dividing line can be executed one or more times, for example as a double helix.
- the inside of the foundation pile can be cleared out. This is possible by means of suction, excavators and / or flushing or other technologies. It is proposed that the interior of the hollow pile be cleared of material up to the lower end or over a large part of the embedding length.
- the scour protection arranged on the outside of the foundation pile is also preferably removed. By clearing the interior of the foundation pile, the static friction on the inner pile jacket is almost zero, since only sea water or ambient air is present there.
- the spiral cut along the dividing line means that while the foundation pile is being excavated, it tapers and the taper reduces the contact between the foundation pile and the ground, so that there is no longer any static friction and the foundation pile is preferably made in one piece from the Soil can be pulled out.
- the severing or partial severing preferably takes place in that a cutting tool first (partially) severes the wall at one point. Subsequently, with a tangential as well as axial movement of the cutting tool along the inner lateral surface of the foundation pile, the (partial) cutting takes place along the dividing line.
- the dividing line extends tangentially and axially along the inner surface of the foundation pile.
- the separating tool is preferably rotated and moved in a linear movement in the axial direction. The rotation can be left or right.
- Pitch angle and pitch can be set by adjusting the rotational speed and / or feed speed along the longitudinal axis. The pitch as well as the pitch angle can depend on the dimensions of the foundation pile as well as the Material properties can be set.
- the pitch and / or pitch angle can be relevant to the length of the cutting line.
- the reduction in the diameter of the foundation pile when pulling out can also be influenced with the aid of the pitch and / or the pitch angle.
- the elongation of the foundation pile can also be extended.
- the number of turns n and the force P can be chosen arbitrarily in order to achieve the desired absolute elongation f, which in turn determines the diameter d 'of the elongated foundation pile. It is advantageous to choose the number of turns n and the force P such that the diameter of the foundation pile is reduced by up to 70 cm due to the elongation of the foundation pile, a reduction in diameter preferably being between 5 cm and 70 cm, especially between 5 cm and 35 cm.
- the lengthening of the foundation pile should be kept as low as possible in order to be able to limit the required minimum height of the lifting means.
- the foundation pile is a hollow pile, in particular that of a wind turbine, a substation, a transformer station, a substation of a dolphin or the like.
- Wind turbines can be part of a wind farm.
- the foundation structure in particular the foundation pile, is in particular rotationally symmetrical to its longitudinal axis and in particular tubular. This shape is particularly suitable for the helical cut.
- the foundation pile be a monopile, part of a tripile, part of a tripod or an anchorage pile of a jacket. All of these foundation structures are anchored in the ground.
- the interior of the foundation pile is first completely or partially cleared out along its embedding length.
- the wall of the foundation pile can then be separated along the dividing line essentially along the length of the bond. Therefore, the dividing line extends essentially along the tie-in length of the foundation pile. This means that the dividing line can extend from the top edge of the ground to the bottom end of the foundation pile.
- a severing tool and / or a cutting tool rotate during the severing about the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile and be displaced axially in the direction of the longitudinal axis (in the direction of advance). It is also possible that the rotation of the cutting tool is excited externally.
- the cutting tool can be inserted into the foundation pile from above. Due to its attachment e.g. the separation tool can be rotated on a crane or a lifting tool.
- the cutting tool prefferably has its own drive in order to enable the rotation.
- a drive on the inner wall of the Apply foundation pile and thus cause the rotation of the cutting tool and / or cutting tool relative to the foundation pile.
- a drive of the separating tool can rest against the inner wall of the foundation pile and thus bring about the advancement of the separating tool relative to the foundation pile along the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile.
- the feed can also be effected from the outside, in which its attachment, e.g. on a crane or a lifting tool with which the separating tool is inserted into the foundation pile, is lowered at the desired feed rate, so that the separating tool moves in the axial direction of the foundation pile.
- the separating tool is suitable for cutting through wall thicknesses of at least 4 cm, in particular from 2 cm to 15 cm.
- These can in particular be mechanical separation processes, in particular water jet cutting. Abrasives can be added to the water jet. Thermal cutting processes are also suitable, in particular laser cutting processes.
- the foundation pile is raised.
- the foundation pile can be raised using suitable lifting equipment.
- the lifting equipment such as a crane or a lifting platform, can be attached to the upper end of the foundation pile.
- a connection between the lifting device and the foundation pile can be form-fitting, non-positive / frictional or material-locking.
- the foundation pile is raised parallel to its longitudinal axis by the lifting means.
- the tensile force acts vertically upwards. This tensile force causes elongation in the area of the dividing line, which at the same time leads to a reduction in the outside diameter of the foundation pile. This reduction in the outer diameter creates a distance between the outer surface of the foundation pile and the surrounding earth. This will reduce the friction on the outer surface of the foundation pile significantly reduced, so that it can be completely lifted out of the foundation.
- the cutting tool Before cutting, the cutting tool is inserted into the foundation pile from above.
- the separating tool can be lifted into the foundation pile using a lifting device.
- the separating tool preferably has a maximum cross section which corresponds to the inner diameter of the foundation pile.
- the cutting tool has, for example, three support arms which project radially outwards and are arranged on the cutting tool so as to be movable radially outwards. As a result, the arms can be supported on the inner wall of the foundation pile and can ensure, for example, that the distance from the cutting tool, for example a water nozzle or a laser head, to the inner wall of the foundation pile is essentially constant over the entire circumference.
- the foundation pile be severed before the cutting tool is inserted.
- the dividing line can run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile. This is necessary, for example, if the foundation pile tapers upwards.
- a transition piece can also be attached to the foundation pile using grouting. Residues after removing the transition piece can block the inner diameter. Even then, it may make sense to cut the foundation pile below the residue perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in order to be able to insert the cutting tool.
- Another aspect is a separating tool for performing the method.
- a bearing of a separating tool can, for example, be outwardly projecting arms, in particular arms with rolling bearings, which are supported on the inner wall of the foundation pile.
- the arms can be spring-loaded so that the arms press against the inner wall of the foundation pile with a supporting force.
- the cutting tool can be mechanically connected to the bearing.
- the cutting tool is preferably arranged centrally on the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool is mounted in such a way that it can be moved in the axial direction during cutting, and can also be rotated simultaneously or sequentially. This movement takes place e.g. about the storage of the cutting tool on the bearing.
- the bearing is preferably designed in such a way that it enables the cutting tool to rotate relative to the inner wall of the foundation pile.
- the bearing is preferably designed in such a way that it enables the cutting tool to be advanced axially along the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile.
- the foundation pile may not be able to be lifted completely out of the ground by the lifting means. In such a case, it may make sense to cut the foundation pile before or during lifting and lift it out of the ground in several steps. However, this is only a question of the height of the lifting equipment and the lengthening of the foundation pile.
- Fig. 1a shows an offshore wind turbine 2 which is founded in the ground 4 with a foundation pile 6.
- the foundation pile 6 is at least partially below the water surface 8.
- a transition piece 10 is attached to the foundation pile 6.
- the transition piece 10 receives a substation 12, for example.
- the substation 12 is dismantled and the transition piece 10 is removed from the foundation pile 6. Then a cut like that in Fig. 2 shown is to be performed.
- Fig. 1b shows a further variant of a wind power plant 2.
- three foundation piles 6 are founded as tripiles in the ground 4.
- a transition piece 10 is also attached to the tripile, to which a tower 14, for example a wind turbine, is attached.
- the tower 14 and the transition piece 10 are first dismantled.
- a horizontal cut 16 is optionally carried out on the outside of the foundation piles 6, so that the foundation piles 6 are open at the top, preferably with a clear width which corresponds to the largest inner diameter of the foundation piles 6.
- a separating tool 20 inserted into the foundation pile 6 via a crane 18.
- a spiral cut is made on the foundation pile 6 with the aid of the separating tool 20 along a dividing line 22. It can be seen that the dividing line 22 is helical.
- the separating tool 20 is preferably moved into the foundation pile 6 over at least a large part of the integration length 24.
- separating tool 20 cuts the wall of the foundation pile 6 by means of a cutting tool 26, for example a water jet cutter, this becomes Cutting tool moved both in the axial direction 28, and as in Fig. 4b shown rotated in a direction of rotation 30. This results in the helical cut along the dividing line 22.
- a cutting tool 26 for example a water jet cutter
- the movement along the axial direction 28 can take place by lowering the crane 18 or in some other way externally or via a drive (not shown) of the separating tool 20, which is located on the arms 20a.
- the rotation in the direction of rotation 30 of the cutting tool 26 can be brought about by rotation on the crane 18 or via a drive (not shown) of the cutting tool 20, which is located on the arms 20a.
- the cutting tool 26 can also rotate relative to the cutting tool 20.
- the 3a, b show different dividing lines 22. As already mentioned, it is possible to make the helical cut with constant or variable pitch 32 and / or constant or variable pitch 34.
- the dividing lines 22 shown according to the 3a, b whether with a constant pitch 32 or a variable pitch 32, whether with a constant pitch 34 or a variable pitch 34, can be understood as a helical or coiled cut.
- the dividing line 22 can be produced in a single or multiple design.
- Fig. 4a shows an example of a cutting tool 22.
- the cutting tool 22 is, as described, moved in the axial direction 28 during the cutting process. Simultaneously or alternately, the cutting tool 22 or only the cutting tool 26 is rotated in a direction of rotation 30, as in FIG Fig. 4b is shown.
- the separating tool 22 is supported with arms 22a in relation to the inner wall of the foundation pile 6.
- the arms 22a can be spring-loaded, for example, so that the separating tool 20 is guided as centrally as possible in the foundation pile 6.
- the cutting tool 26 which can be designed as a water jet cutter or laser cutter, can be rotatably arranged on the cutting tool 20.
- Fig. 5a shows the foundation pile 6 in the cut but not raised condition.
- the dividing line 22 can be seen, along which the outer wall of the foundation pile 6 is completely or partially severed.
- the cut along the dividing line 22 preferably begins at the upper edge 4 a of the soil 4.
- the foundation pile 6 is lifted from the ground 4 in the axial direction 28. It happens, as in the Fig. 5b shown to elongate the foundation pile 6.
- the Fig. 5b is shown schematically and exaggerated to better represent the objective effect. Due to its own weight and the static friction in the ground 4, the foundation pile 6 is pulled apart along the dividing line 22. This pulling apart leads to a reduction in the diameter of the foundation pile 6, so that a gap is formed between the foundation pile 6 and the ground 4. This gap reduces or eliminates the static friction of the foundation pile 6 on the ground 4. Due to the reduced static friction and the gap 36, the foundation pile 6 can be pulled out of the ground 4 with considerably less force than without the cut along the dividing line 22.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zum Rückbau eines Gründungspfahls umfassend Durchtrennen des Gründungspfahls ausgehend von seiner Innenwand und Anheben des durchtrennten Gründungspfahls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchtrennung entlang einer sich tangential und axial zur Innenwand erstreckenden Trennlinie erfolgt.Method for dismantling a foundation pile comprising severing the foundation pile starting from its inner wall and lifting the severed foundation pile, characterized in that the severing takes place along a dividing line extending tangentially and axially to the inner wall.
Description
Der Gegenstand betrifft ein Verfahren zum Rückbau eines Gründungspfahls, insbesondere eines Hohlpfahls, insbesondere einer Dalbe, einer Außenwandung von Brunnen/Bohrlöchern, einer Windkraftanlage, insbesondere einer Offshore-Windkraftanlage oder dergleichen.The subject matter relates to a method for dismantling a foundation pile, in particular a hollow pile, in particular a dale, an outer wall of wells / boreholes, a wind turbine, in particular an offshore wind turbine or the like.
Windkraftanlagen, Dalben oder dergleichen werden in der Regel auf hohlen Gründungspfählen im Boden verankert. Der Rückbau der Gründungspfähle ist aufwändig und teilweise nicht vollständig möglich. Bisher erfolgt der Rückbau der Gründungspfähle im Bereich der Eindringtiefe lediglich partiell, wobei nur der obere Teil des Gründungspfahls entfernt wird, während der untere Teil dauerhaft im Meeresboden verbleibt.Wind turbines, dolphins or the like are usually anchored in the ground on hollow foundation piles. The dismantling of the foundation piles is complex and sometimes not completely possible. So far, the foundation piles have only been partially dismantled in the area of the penetration depth, with only the upper part of the foundation pile being removed, while the lower part remains permanently in the seabed.
Daher lag dem Gegenstand die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Rückbau von Hohlpfählen zu vereinfachen und einen vollständigen Rückbau zu ermöglichen.Therefore, the object of the object was to simplify the dismantling of hollow piles and to enable complete dismantling.
Gegenständlich wird vorgeschlagen, den Rückbau von Gründungspfählen zu erleichtern, indem die Haftreibung an der äußeren Mantelfläche reduziert wird, um den Hohlpfahl am Stück mit vergleichsweise geringem Kraftaufwand aus dem Erdreich heraus ziehen zu können.It is proposed to facilitate the dismantling of foundation piles by reducing the static friction on the outer surface in order to be able to pull the hollow pile out of the ground in one piece with comparatively little effort.
Gegenständlich ist erkannt worden, dass ein wendelförmiger Schnitt in der Außenwand des Hohlpfahls dazu genutzt werden kann, dessen Haftreibung an dem umgebenden Erdreich zu verringern. Durch den wendelförmigen Schnitt ist es möglich, den Gründungspfahl im Wesentlichen an einem Stück aus der Gründung heraus zu ziehen. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass sich durch den wendelförmigen Schnitt während des Herausziehens der Durchmesser des Gründungspfahls verkleinert, da durch den Schnitt bei einer Auszugskraft gleichzeitig eine Längung des Pfahls eintritt.It has been recognized that a helical cut in the outer wall of the hollow pile can be used to reduce its static friction on the surrounding soil. Thanks to the helical cut, it is possible to pull the foundation pile out of the foundation essentially in one piece. This takes place in that the helical cut reduces the diameter of the foundation pile during the pulling out, since the cut simultaneously elongates the pile with a pulling force.
Der wendelförmige Schnitt wird entlang einer Trennlinie, die sich tangential und axial zur Innenwand des Gründungspfahls erstreckt, erreicht. Das bedeutet, dass sich die Trennlinie sowohl in Umfangsrichtung als auch in Längsrichtung des Gründungspfahls erstreckt.The helical cut is achieved along a dividing line that extends tangentially and axially to the inner wall of the foundation pile. This means that the dividing line extends both in the circumferential direction and in the longitudinal direction of the foundation pile.
Der Vorschub eines Schneidwerkzeugs erfolgt bevorzugt entlang zweier senkrecht zueinander stehenden Achsen, wobei eine Achse parallel zur Längsachse des Gründungspfahls ist und die zweite Achse tangential zur Innenwand des Gründungspfahls verläuft. Beim Durchtrennen wird bevorzugt mittels eines Schneidwerkzeugs die Wand des Gründungspfahls bevorzugt vollständig durchtrennt.A cutting tool is preferably fed along two mutually perpendicular axes, one axis being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile and the second axis being tangential to the inner wall of the foundation pile. When severing, the wall of the foundation pile is preferably completely severed, preferably using a cutting tool.
Ein Schneidwerkzeug wird bevorzugt zunächst an den Beginn der Trennlinie bewegt. Anschließend wird mittels des Schneidwerkzeug die Wand des Gründungspfahls bevorzugt vollständig, ggf. auch nur teilweise durchtrennt. Das Schneidwerkzeug wird danach in einer Vorschubrichtung axial als auch tangential zur Innenwand bewegt, wobei bei dieser Bewegung eine fortlaufende Durchtrennung oder Teildurchtrennung der Wand des Gründungspfahls erfolgt.A cutting tool is preferably first moved to the beginning of the dividing line. The wall of the foundation pile is then preferably completely, if necessary only partially, cut through by means of the cutting tool. The cutting tool is then moved in a feed direction axially and tangentially to the inner wall, with this movement being a continuous cut or partial cut of the wall of the foundation pile.
Die Wand des Gründungspfahls ist bevorzugt ein Stahlblech und hat typischerweise eine Wandstärke zwischen 50mm und 150mm. Das Schneidwerkzeug ist entsprechend ausgelegt, solche großen Wandstärken vollständig oder teilweise zu durchtrennen.The wall of the foundation pile is preferably a steel sheet and typically has a wall thickness between 50mm and 150mm. The cutting tool is designed to completely or partially cut through such large wall thicknesses.
Das Schneidwerkzeug kann Teil eines Trennwerkzeugs sein. Das Trennwerkzeug kann das Schneidwerkszeug führen. Das Trennwerkzeug kann an der Innenwand des Hohlpfahls anliegen. Das Trennwerkzeug kann als Antrieb für das Schneidwerkzeug dienen. Das Trennwerkzeug kann dabei einen axialen Vorschub im Gründungspfahl gewährleisten. Das Trennwerkzeug kann das Schneidwerkzeug um die Längsachse des Gründungspfahls rotieren.The cutting tool can be part of a cutting tool. The cutting tool can guide the cutting tool. The cutting tool can rest on the inner wall of the hollow pile. The cutting tool can serve as a drive for the cutting tool. The cutting tool can ensure an axial feed in the foundation pile. The cutting tool can rotate the cutting tool around the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile.
Die Trennlinie ist bevorzugt gewendelt, insbesondere helixförmig gewunden. Hierbei sei jedoch angemerkt, dass die helixförmige Windung nicht zwingend gleichmäßig, gleichförmig sein muss, sondern auch ungleichmäßige Windungen mit unterschiedlichen Ganghöhen und /oder Gangwinkeln möglich sind. Die Trennlinie kann einfach oder mehrfach ausgeführt werden, z.B. als Doppelhelix.
Nachdem das Transition Piece vom Gründungspfahl entfernt wurde, kann das Innere des Gründungspfahls ausgeräumt werden. Dies ist mittels Saugen, Baggern und/oder Spülen oder anderen Technologien möglich. Hierbei wird vorgeschlagen, das Innere des Hohlpfahls bis zum unteren Ende oder über einen Großteil der Einbindelänge von Material zu befreien. Auch wird vorzugsweise der außen am Gründungspfahl angeordnete Kolkschutz entfernt. Durch das Ausräumen des Inneren des Gründungspfahls ist die Haftreibung am inneren Pfahlmantel nahezu 0, da dort lediglich Meerwasser oder Umgebungsluft anliegt.The dividing line is preferably spiral, in particular helical. However, it should be noted here that the helical winding does not necessarily have to be uniform, uniform, but also non-uniform windings with different pitch heights and / or pitch angles are possible. The dividing line can be executed one or more times, for example as a double helix.
After the transition piece has been removed from the foundation pile, the inside of the foundation pile can be cleared out. This is possible by means of suction, excavators and / or flushing or other technologies. It is proposed that the interior of the hollow pile be cleared of material up to the lower end or over a large part of the embedding length. The scour protection arranged on the outside of the foundation pile is also preferably removed. By clearing the interior of the foundation pile, the static friction on the inner pile jacket is almost zero, since only sea water or ambient air is present there.
Durch den gewendelten Schnitt entlang der Trennlinie wird gegenständlich erreicht, dass sich während des Aushebens des Gründungspfahls dieser verjüngt und durch diese Verjüngung der Kontakt zwischen dem Gründungspfahl und dem Erdreich gelöst wird, so dass keine Haftreibung mehr besteht und der Gründungspfahl bevorzugt an einem Stück aus dem Erdreich heraus gezogen werden kann.The spiral cut along the dividing line means that while the foundation pile is being excavated, it tapers and the taper reduces the contact between the foundation pile and the ground, so that there is no longer any static friction and the foundation pile is preferably made in one piece from the Soil can be pulled out.
Das Durchtrennen oder teilweise Trennen erfolgt bevorzugt dadurch, dass ein Schneidwerkzeug zunächst an einem Punkt die Wand (teilweise) durchtrennt. Anschließend erfolgt bei einer tangentialen als auch axialen Bewegung des Schneidwerkzeugs entlang der inneren Mantelfläche des Gründungspfahls das (teilweise) Durchtrennen entlang der Trennlinie. Die Trennlinie erstreckt sich tangential und axial entlang der inneren Mantelfläche des Gründungspfahls. Das Trennwerkzeug wird bevorzugt rotiert und in axialer Richtung in einer linearen Bewegung bewegt. Dabei kann die Rotation links- oder rechtsläufig sein. Gangwinkel und Ganghöhe können durch Einstellung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit und/oder Vorschubgeschwindigkeit entlang der Längsachse eingestellt werden. Die Ganghöhe als auch der Gangwinkel kann in Abhängigkeit von den Abmessungen des Gründungspfahls sowie den Materialeigenschaften eingestellt werden. Die Ganghöhe und/oder der Gangwinkel kann relevant für die Länge der Schnittlinie sein. Auch kann mit Hilfe der Ganghöhe und/oder des Gangwinkels die Verkleinerung des Durchmessers des Gründungspfahls beim Herausziehen beeinflusst werden. Auch kann abhängig von der Ganghöhe und/oder des Gangwinkels die Längung des Gründungspfahls beim Herausziehen sein.The severing or partial severing preferably takes place in that a cutting tool first (partially) severes the wall at one point. Subsequently, with a tangential as well as axial movement of the cutting tool along the inner lateral surface of the foundation pile, the (partial) cutting takes place along the dividing line. The dividing line extends tangentially and axially along the inner surface of the foundation pile. The separating tool is preferably rotated and moved in a linear movement in the axial direction. The rotation can be left or right. Pitch angle and pitch can be set by adjusting the rotational speed and / or feed speed along the longitudinal axis. The pitch as well as the pitch angle can depend on the dimensions of the foundation pile as well as the Material properties can be set. The pitch and / or pitch angle can be relevant to the length of the cutting line. The reduction in the diameter of the foundation pile when pulling out can also be influenced with the aid of the pitch and / or the pitch angle. Depending on the pitch and / or the pitch angle, the elongation of the foundation pile can also be extended.
Vernachlässigt man die Wandstärke des Gründungspfahls und nimmt eine gleichmäßig wendelförmige Trennlinie an, so kann deren Länge s anhand der nachfolgenden Gleichung ermittelt werden:
- h
- Höhe des Gründungspfahls mit wendelförmiger Trennlinie
- n
- Anzahl der Windungen
- d
- Durchmesser des Gründungspfahls
- H
- Height of the foundation pile with a helical dividing line
- n
- Number of turns
- d
- Diameter of the foundation pile
Bleibt die Anzahl der Windungen beim Anheben des Gründungspfahls unverändert, so lässt sich der Durchmesser d' des gelängten Gründungspfahls näherungsweise anhand der nachfolgenden Gleichung bestimmen:
- f
- absolute Längung des Gründungspfahls
- f
- absolute elongation of the foundation pile
Der Durchmesser d' des gelängten Gründungspfahls ist abhängig von der absoluten Längung, welche als Federweg einer zylindrischen Zugfeder mit rechteckigem Querschnitt des Federdrahtes aufgefasst werden kann. Für die näherungsweise Berechnung des Federwegs derartiger Schraubenfedern sind in der Literatur unterschiedliche Gleichungen zu finden. Laut "
- P
- Kraft
- k3
- Beiwert
- a
- Ganghöhe
- b
- Wandstärke des Gründungspfahls
- G
- Schubmodul
- P
- force
- k3
- Factor
- a
- Pitch
- b
- Wall thickness of the foundation pile
- G
- Thrust module
Zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen führt die Gleichung von S. Gross in "Berechnung und Gestaltung von Metallfedern" (Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg, 1960):
- η3
- Beiwert
- η3
- Factor
Für einen gegebenen Gründungspfahl, der rückgebaut werden soll, können die Anzahl der Windungen n und die Kraft P beliebig gewählt werden, um die gewünschte absolute Längung f zu erzielen, welche wiederum den Durchmesser d' des gelängten Gründungspfahls bestimmt. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, die Anzahl der Windungen n und die Kraft P so zu wählen, dass der Durchmesser des Gründungspfahls sich aufgrund der Längung des Gründungspfahls um bis zu 70 cm verkleinert, wobei eine Verkleinerung des Durchmessers bevorzugt zwischen 5 cm und 70 cm ist, insbesondere zwischen 5 cm und 35 cm.For a given foundation pile that is to be dismantled, the number of turns n and the force P can be chosen arbitrarily in order to achieve the desired absolute elongation f, which in turn determines the diameter d 'of the elongated foundation pile. It is advantageous to choose the number of turns n and the force P such that the diameter of the foundation pile is reduced by up to 70 cm due to the elongation of the foundation pile, a reduction in diameter preferably being between 5 cm and 70 cm, especially between 5 cm and 35 cm.
Insbesondere soll eine Längung des Gründungspfahls möglichst gering gehalten werden, um die erforderliche Mindesthöhe des Hebemittels begrenzen zu können.In particular, the lengthening of the foundation pile should be kept as low as possible in order to be able to limit the required minimum height of the lifting means.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Gründungspfahl ein Hohlpfahl, insbesondere der einer Windkraftanlage, einer Substation, einer Trafostation, einer Umspannstation einer Dalbe oder dergleichen. Windkraftanlagen können Teil eines Windparks sein.According to one exemplary embodiment, the foundation pile is a hollow pile, in particular that of a wind turbine, a substation, a transformer station, a substation of a dolphin or the like. Wind turbines can be part of a wind farm.
Windparks müssen in der Regel nach Ablauf der allgemeinen Betriebsdauer zurückgebaut werden. Die dabei verwendeten Gründungsstrukturen müssen daher möglichst effizient entfernt werden können, was mit der gegenständlichen Lösung möglich ist.As a rule, wind farms must be dismantled after the general operating period. The foundation structures used must therefore be removed as efficiently as possible, which is possible with the solution in question.
Die Gründungsstruktur, insbesondere der Gründungspfahl, ist insbesondere rotationssymmetrisch zu seiner Längsachse und insbesondere rohrförmig. Diese Form eignet sich für den wendelförmigen Schnitt in besonderer Weise.The foundation structure, in particular the foundation pile, is in particular rotationally symmetrical to its longitudinal axis and in particular tubular. This shape is particularly suitable for the helical cut.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Gründungspfahl ein Monopile, Teil eines Tripile, Teil eines Tripods oder ein Verankerungspfahl eines Jackets ist. All diese Gründungsstrukturen werden im Erdreich verankert.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the foundation pile be a monopile, part of a tripile, part of a tripod or an anchorage pile of a jacket. All of these foundation structures are anchored in the ground.
Wie bereits erläutert, wird bevorzugt, dass zunächst das Innere des Gründungspfahls entlang seiner Einbindelänge vollständig oder teilweise ausgeräumt wird. Anschließend kann ein Auftrennen der Wand des Gründungspfahls entlang der Trennlinie im Wesentlichen entlang der Einbindelänge erfolgen. Daher erstreckt sich die Trennlinie im Wesentlichen entlang der Einbindelänge des Gründungspfahls. Das heißt, dass sich die Trennlinie ausgehend von der Oberkante Erdboden bis zum bodenseitigen Ende des Gründungspfahls erstrecken kann.As already explained, it is preferred that the interior of the foundation pile is first completely or partially cleared out along its embedding length. The wall of the foundation pile can then be separated along the dividing line essentially along the length of the bond. Therefore, the dividing line extends essentially along the tie-in length of the foundation pile. This means that the dividing line can extend from the top edge of the ground to the bottom end of the foundation pile.
Um den Schnitt entlang der Trennlinie durchzuführen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass ein Trennwerkzeug und/oder ein Schneidwerkzeug während des Durchtrennens um die Längsachse des Gründungspfahls rotiert und axial in Richtung der Längsachse (in Vorschubrichtung) verschoben wird. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Rotation des Trennwerkzeugs extern angeregt ist. Beispielsweise kann das Trennwerkzeug von oben in den Gründungspfahl eingeführt werden. Durch seine Befestigung z.B. an einem Kran oder einem Hebewerkzeug kann die Rotation des Trennwerkzeugs bewirkt werden.In order to carry out the cut along the dividing line, it is proposed that a severing tool and / or a cutting tool rotate during the severing about the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile and be displaced axially in the direction of the longitudinal axis (in the direction of advance). It is also possible that the rotation of the cutting tool is excited externally. For example, the cutting tool can be inserted into the foundation pile from above. Due to its attachment e.g. the separation tool can be rotated on a crane or a lifting tool.
Auch ist es möglich, dass das Trennwerkzeug einen eigenen Antrieb aufweist, um die Rotation zu ermöglichen. Dabei kann beispielsweise ein Antrieb an der Innenwand des Gründungspfahls anliegen und so die Rotation des Trennwerkzeugs und/oder Schneidwerkzeugs relativ zum Gründungspfahl bewirken.It is also possible for the cutting tool to have its own drive in order to enable the rotation. For example, a drive on the inner wall of the Apply foundation pile and thus cause the rotation of the cutting tool and / or cutting tool relative to the foundation pile.
Gleiches gilt für den Vorschub des Trennwerkzeugs entlang der Längsachse des Gründungspfahls. Dabei kann beispielsweise ein Antrieb des Trennwerkzeugs an der Innenwand des Gründungspfahls anliegen und so den Vorschub des Trennwerkzeugs relativ zum Gründungspfahl entlang der Längsachse des Gründungspfahls bewirken. Auch kann von außen der Vorschub bewirkt werden, in dem, seine Befestigung, z.B. an einem Kran oder einem Hebewerkzeug mit dem das Trennwerkzeug in den Gründungspfahl eingeführt wird, mit der gewünschten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit abgelassen wird, so dass sich das Trennwerkzeug in axialer Richtung des Gründungspfahls bewegt.The same applies to the feed of the cutting tool along the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile. In this case, for example, a drive of the separating tool can rest against the inner wall of the foundation pile and thus bring about the advancement of the separating tool relative to the foundation pile along the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile. The feed can also be effected from the outside, in which its attachment, e.g. on a crane or a lifting tool with which the separating tool is inserted into the foundation pile, is lowered at the desired feed rate, so that the separating tool moves in the axial direction of the foundation pile.
Das Trennwerkzeug eignet sich zur Durchtrennung von Wandstärken von zumindest 4cm, insbesondere von 2cm bis 15cm. Dies können insbesondere mechanische Trennverfahren sein, insbesondere Wasserstrahlschneiden. Hierbei können dem Wasserstrahl Abrasivmittel hinzugefügt werden. Auch thermische Schneideverfahren eignen sich, insbesondere Laserschneidverfahren.The separating tool is suitable for cutting through wall thicknesses of at least 4 cm, in particular from 2 cm to 15 cm. These can in particular be mechanical separation processes, in particular water jet cutting. Abrasives can be added to the water jet. Thermal cutting processes are also suitable, in particular laser cutting processes.
Wie oben bereits erläutert, erfolgt nach dem Durchtrennen entlang der Trennlinie ein Anheben des Gründungspfahls. Der Gründungspfahl kann durch geeignete Hebemittel angehoben werden. Dabei können die Hebemittel, z.B. ein Kran oder eine Hubbühne, am oberen Ende des Gründungspfahls befestigt werden. Eine Verbindung zwischen dem Hebemittel und dem Gründungspfahl kann form-, kraft-/reib- oder stoffschlüssig sein. Durch das Hebemittel wird der Gründungspfahl parallel zu seiner Längsachse angehoben. Die Zugkraft wirkt dabei vertikal nach oben. Durch diese Zugkraft erfolgt eine Längung im Bereich der Trennlinie, die gleichzeitig zu einer Verkleinerung des Außendurchmessers des Gründungspfahls führt. Durch diese Verkleinerung des Außendurchmessers bildet sich ein Abstand zwischen der äußeren Mantelfläche des Gründungspfahls und dem umgebenden Erdreich. Dadurch wird die Reibung an der äußeren Mantelfläche des Gründungspfahls erheblich reduziert, so dass dieser vollständig aus der Gründung herausgehoben werden kann.As already explained above, after the severing along the dividing line, the foundation pile is raised. The foundation pile can be raised using suitable lifting equipment. The lifting equipment, such as a crane or a lifting platform, can be attached to the upper end of the foundation pile. A connection between the lifting device and the foundation pile can be form-fitting, non-positive / frictional or material-locking. The foundation pile is raised parallel to its longitudinal axis by the lifting means. The tensile force acts vertically upwards. This tensile force causes elongation in the area of the dividing line, which at the same time leads to a reduction in the outside diameter of the foundation pile. This reduction in the outer diameter creates a distance between the outer surface of the foundation pile and the surrounding earth. This will reduce the friction on the outer surface of the foundation pile significantly reduced, so that it can be completely lifted out of the foundation.
Vor dem Durchtrennen wird das Trennwerkzeug von oben in den Gründungspfahl eingeführt. Hierbei kann über ein Hebemittel das Trennwerkzeug in den Gründungspfahl gehoben werden. Das Trennwerkzeug hat vorzugsweise einen maximalen Querschnitt, welcher dem inneren Durchmesser des Gründungspfahls entspricht. Das Trennwerkzeug hat dabei beispielsweise drei Stützarme, welche radial nach außen auskragend sind und radial nach außen beweglich an dem Trennwerkzeug angeordnet sind. Dadurch können sich die Arme an der Innenwand des Gründungspfahls abstützen und können beispielsweise dafür sorgen, dass der Abstand des Schneidwerkzeugs, beispielsweise einer Wasserdüse oder eines Laserkopfs, zur Innenwand des Gründungspfahls im Wesentlichen entlang des gesamten Umfangs konstant ist.Before cutting, the cutting tool is inserted into the foundation pile from above. The separating tool can be lifted into the foundation pile using a lifting device. The separating tool preferably has a maximum cross section which corresponds to the inner diameter of the foundation pile. The cutting tool has, for example, three support arms which project radially outwards and are arranged on the cutting tool so as to be movable radially outwards. As a result, the arms can be supported on the inner wall of the foundation pile and can ensure, for example, that the distance from the cutting tool, for example a water nozzle or a laser head, to the inner wall of the foundation pile is essentially constant over the entire circumference.
Um sicher zu stellen, dass das Trennwerkzeug auch in den Gründungspfahl eingeführt werden kann, wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Gründungspfahl vor dem Einführen des Trennwerkzeugs durchtrennt wird. Die Trennlinie kann dabei senkrecht zur Längsachse des Gründungspfahls verlaufen. Dies ist beispielsweise dann notwendig, wenn der Gründungspfahl nach oben konisch zu läuft. Auch kann ein Transition Piece mittel Grouting an dem Gründungspfahl befestigt werden. Rückstände nach dem Entfernen des Transition Pieces können den Innendurchmesser blockieren. Auch dann kann es sinnvoll sein, den Gründungspfahl unterhalb der Rückstände senkrecht zur Längsachse zu durchtrennen, um das Trennwerkzeug einführen zu können.In order to ensure that the cutting tool can also be inserted into the foundation pile, it is proposed that the foundation pile be severed before the cutting tool is inserted. The dividing line can run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile. This is necessary, for example, if the foundation pile tapers upwards. A transition piece can also be attached to the foundation pile using grouting. Residues after removing the transition piece can block the inner diameter. Even then, it may make sense to cut the foundation pile below the residue perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in order to be able to insert the cutting tool.
Ein weiterer Aspekt ist ein Trennwerkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.Another aspect is a separating tool for performing the method.
Eine Lagerung eines Trennwerkzeugs kann dabei beispielsweise nach außen kragende Arme, insbesondere rollend gelagerte Arme sein, welche sich an der Innenwand des Gründungspfahls abstützen. Die Arme können federbelastet sein, so dass die Arme mit einer Abstützkraft gegen die Innenwand des Gründungspfahls drücken.A bearing of a separating tool can, for example, be outwardly projecting arms, in particular arms with rolling bearings, which are supported on the inner wall of the foundation pile. The arms can be spring-loaded so that the arms press against the inner wall of the foundation pile with a supporting force.
Das Schneidwerkzeug kann mechanisch mit der Lagerung verbunden sein. Das Schneidwerkzeug ist bevorzugt zentrisch an dem Trennwerkzeug angeordnet. Das Schneidwerkzeug ist so gelagert, dass dieses während des Schneidens in axialer Richtung bewegt werden kann, als auch gleichzeitig oder sequenziell rotiert werden kann. Diese Bewegung erfolgt z.B. über die Lagerung des Schneidwerkzeugs an dem Lager. Das Lager ist bevorzugt so gestaltet, dass es eine Rotation des Schneidwerkzeugs relativ zur Innenwand des Gründungspfahls ermöglicht. Das Lager ist bevorzugt so gestaltet, dass es einen Vorschub des Schneidwerkzeugs axial entlang der Längsachse des Gründungspfahls ermöglicht.The cutting tool can be mechanically connected to the bearing. The cutting tool is preferably arranged centrally on the cutting tool. The cutting tool is mounted in such a way that it can be moved in the axial direction during cutting, and can also be rotated simultaneously or sequentially. This movement takes place e.g. about the storage of the cutting tool on the bearing. The bearing is preferably designed in such a way that it enables the cutting tool to rotate relative to the inner wall of the foundation pile. The bearing is preferably designed in such a way that it enables the cutting tool to be advanced axially along the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile.
Durch die Längung, welche beim Anheben des Gründungspfahls auftritt, kann es dazu kommen, dass der Gründungspfahl durch das Hebemittel nicht vollständig aus dem Boden heraus gehoben werden kann. In einem solchen Fall kann es sinnvoll sein, den Gründungspfahl vor oder während des Anhebens zu durchtrennen und in mehreren Schritten aus dem Boden heraus zu heben. Dies ist jedoch lediglich eine Frage der Höhe des Hebemittels und der Längung des Gründungspfahls.Due to the elongation that occurs when the foundation pile is lifted, the foundation pile may not be able to be lifted completely out of the ground by the lifting means. In such a case, it may make sense to cut the foundation pile before or during lifting and lift it out of the ground in several steps. However, this is only a question of the height of the lifting equipment and the lengthening of the foundation pile.
Nachfolgend wird der Gegenstand anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele zeigenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1a, b
- verschiedene Gründungsstrukturen;
- Fig. 2
- Verfahren gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 3a, b
- verschiedene helixförmige Schnitte;
- Fig. 4a, b
- ein Trennwerkzeug gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel:
- Fig. 5a, b
- ein durchtrennter Gründungspfahl vor und während des Anhebens.
- Fig. 1a, b
- different foundation structures;
- Fig. 2
- Method according to an embodiment;
- 3a, b
- various helical cuts;
- 4a, b
- a cutting tool according to an embodiment:
- 5a, b
- a severed foundation pile before and during lifting.
Um das Trennwerkzeug in die Gründungspfähle 6 einführen zu können, wird gegebenenfalls ein horizontaler Schnitt 16 außen an den Gründungspfählen 6 durchgeführt, so dass die Gründungspfähle 6 nach oben offen bevorzugt mit einer lichten Weite, welche dem größten inneren Durchmesser des Gründungspfahls 6 entspricht, sind.In order to be able to insert the separating tool into the foundation piles 6, a
Nachdem die Gründungspfähle 6 wie beschrieben vorbereitet wurden, wird, wie in
Während das Trennwerkzeug 20 mittels eines Schneidwerkzeugs 26, z.B. eines Wasserstrahlschneiders, die Wand des Gründungspfahls 6 durchtrennt, wird das Trennwerkzeug sowohl in axialer Richtung 28 bewegt, als auch wie in
Die Bewegung entlang der axialen Richtung 28 kann durch Absenken des Krans 18 oder in sonstiger Weise extern oder über einen Antrieb (nicht gezeigt) des Trennwerkzeugs 20, welcher sich an den Armen 20a befindet, erfolgen.The movement along the
Die Rotation in Rotationsrichtung 30 des Schneidwerkzeugs 26 kann durch eine Rotation am Kran 18 oder über einen Antrieb (nicht gezeigt) des Trennwerkzeugs 20, welcher sich an den Armen 20a befindet, bewirkt werden. Auch kann das Schneidwerkzeug 26 gegenüber dem Trennwerkzeug 20 rotieren.The rotation in the direction of
Die
Auch ist es möglich, einen gewendelten, nicht stetigen Schnitt entlang einer Trennlinie 22 wie in
Die gezeigten Trennlinien 22 gemäß der
Das Trennwerkzeug 22 ist mit Armen 22a gegenüber der Innenwand des Gründungspfahls 6 abgestützt. Die Arme 22a können dabei beispielsweise federbelastet sein, so dass das Trennwerkzeug 20 möglichst zentrisch in dem Gründungspfahl 6 geführt ist.The separating
Das Schneidwerkzeug 26, das als Wasserstrahlschneider oder Laserschneider ausgeführt sein kann, kann drehbar an dem Trennwerkzeug 20 angeordnet sein.The cutting
Nachdem der Schnitt durchgeführt wurde, wird der Gründungspfahl 6 in axialer Richtung 28 aus dem Erdreich 4 angehoben. Dabei kommt es, wie in der
- 22
- WindkraftanlageWind turbine
- 44
- Erdreichsoil
- 4a4a
- OberkanteTop edge
- 66
- GründungspfahlFoundation pile
- 88th
- WasseroberflächeWater surface
- 1010
- Transition PieceTransition piece
- 1212th
- SubstationSubstation
- 1414
- Turmtower
- 1616
- Schnittcut
- 1818th
- Krancrane
- 2020th
- TrennwerkzeugCutting tool
- 2222
- Trennlinieparting line
- 2424
- EinbindelängeEmbedding length
- 2626
- SchneidwerkzeugCutting tool
- 2828
- axiale Richtungaxial direction
- 3030
- RotationsrichtungDirection of rotation
- 3232
- GanglinieHydrograph
- 3434
- GangwinkelPitch angle
- 3636
- Spaltgap
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4162383A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1979-07-24 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Oxy-arc apparatus for cutting inside a pipe |
JPH0550234A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Device for underwater cutting of steel material |
NL1021034C2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-13 | Vreom | Removing part of tubular pile in ground by cutting through pile wall, by introducing cutting device into pile and keeping it at fixed distance from pile wall during cutting |
EP3056786A1 (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-17 | TERRA AG fuer Tiefbautechnik | Cutting device for cutting the walls of a pipeline in longitudinal direction |
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DE10111406B4 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2004-10-14 | Tracto-Technik Gmbh | Device for longitudinally cutting an old pipe |
DE102011052399B4 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2014-11-13 | Aker Wirth Gmbh | Method and device for separating pipes |
-
2018
- 2018-09-03 DE DE102018121385.9A patent/DE102018121385A1/en active Pending
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2019
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Patent Citations (4)
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US4162383A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1979-07-24 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Oxy-arc apparatus for cutting inside a pipe |
JPH0550234A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Device for underwater cutting of steel material |
NL1021034C2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-13 | Vreom | Removing part of tubular pile in ground by cutting through pile wall, by introducing cutting device into pile and keeping it at fixed distance from pile wall during cutting |
EP3056786A1 (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-17 | TERRA AG fuer Tiefbautechnik | Cutting device for cutting the walls of a pipeline in longitudinal direction |
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Title |
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A. M. WAHL: "Mechanische Federn", 1966, MICHAEL TRILTSCH VERLAG |
S. GROSS: "Berechnung und Gestaltung von Metallfedern", 1960, SPRINGER-VERLAG |
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