EP3603345B1 - Circuit arrangement and method for operating lamps - Google Patents
Circuit arrangement and method for operating lamps Download PDFInfo
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- EP3603345B1 EP3603345B1 EP18719548.2A EP18719548A EP3603345B1 EP 3603345 B1 EP3603345 B1 EP 3603345B1 EP 18719548 A EP18719548 A EP 18719548A EP 3603345 B1 EP3603345 B1 EP 3603345B1
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- transformer
- switch
- circuit arrangement
- control unit
- supply voltage
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement which is provided for operating lighting means, the lighting means being in particular LEDs. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating lighting means, wherein a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and is clocked by means of at least one switch is used, via which a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding is fed and in which the lighting means via the Secondary winding of the transformer can be supplied with power.
- LEDs light sources based on semiconductors, such as LEDs
- LEDs usually cannot be supplied directly with the voltage made available by the power supply network. Instead, efficient LED operation is only possible if a specified voltage drops across the LED and a current flows through the LED that is within a specified range.
- AC LED modules some solutions for realizing so-called AC LED modules are known from the prior art, in which the LED module can be connected directly to the general power supply network, these solutions, however, also require a relatively high level of effort.
- LEDs are operated with the aid of what is known as a converter, which converts the supply voltage made available on the input side into a DC voltage suitable for operating the LEDs.
- a converter which converts the supply voltage made available on the input side into a DC voltage suitable for operating the LEDs.
- Figure 1 shows a currently preferred circuit variant.
- FIG. 1 a circuit arrangement 100 for operating an LED path 110 is shown, which is based on the topology of a so-called flyback converter.
- the supply voltage U AC made available on the input side is first rectified by a rectifier 101, which is derived from this
- the resulting voltage which now consists of positive half-waves, is smoothed with the aid of a capacitor 102.
- an approximately constant voltage U DC arises, which is fed to the primary winding L1 of a transformer or transformer 102.
- the secondary winding L2 On the secondary side of this transformer 102 is the secondary winding L2, via which the LED path 110 is then supplied.
- a current flow through the primary winding L1 of the transformer 102 is permitted or interrupted, whereby by selecting a suitable frequency or a suitable duty cycle for the PWM signal for control of the switch 105, a suitable current flow is generated on the secondary side, which current flow is suitable for the operation of the LED path 110.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a novel solution for operating lighting means in which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
- the solution according to the invention is initially based on the knowledge that the above-mentioned smoothing capacitor, which is viewed as problematic, can also be dispensed with, provided that the alternating control of the switch is carried out in a suitable manner.
- a transformer with a Primary winding and a secondary winding are used, with a controllable switching element connected in series with the primary winding, with the aid of which a current flow through the primary winding is alternately caused or interrupted, with a rectified but not smoothed AC voltage now as the supply voltage for the transformer is used and depending on the current level of the supply voltage, the steepness of the rising or falling edge of the signal for controlling the switch is adapted.
- a circuit arrangement for operating lighting means in particular for operating one or more LEDs, is proposed, the circuit arrangement having a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and clocked by means of at least one switch, via which a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding is fed the lighting means can be supplied with power via the secondary winding of the transformer, as well as a control unit for alternating control of the switch, the supply voltage for the transformer being a rectified, non-smoothed alternating voltage and the control unit being designed to be dependent of the supply voltage for the transformer to adapt the following parameters for the control of the switch: the steepness of the rising and / or the falling edge, with the control of the controllable switch via an RC element with an adjustable resistor.
- the invention proposes a method for operating lighting means, in particular for operating one or more LEDs, in which a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and clocked by means of at least one switch feeds a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding, the lighting means via the secondary winding of the transformer can be supplied with current, the supply voltage being for the transformer is a rectified, unsmoothed AC voltage and the parameters for controlling the switch are adapted depending on the supply voltage for the transformer: the steepness of the rising and / or falling edge, with the controllable switch being controlled via an RC Link is made with an adjustable resistance.
- the secondary current can also be monitored in order to optimize the control behavior for the switch.
- appropriate means can be provided for detecting the secondary-side current, an optocoupler preferably being used for this purpose, with the aid of which the signal reproducing the secondary-side current is transmitted to the primary side of the transformer, on which the driver for the switch is also positioned.
- a constant current source is provided on the secondary side of the transformer, which is arranged in series with the lighting means to be operated.
- the primary task of this constant current source is initially to avoid excessive current flow through the lighting means.
- the constant current source is designed to be controllable and that it is also controlled accordingly by the control unit in order to additionally optimize the supply for the lighting means.
- the power transmission between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer can also be designed flexibly according to a further preferred embodiment in that the winding ratio between the primary winding and the secondary winding can be changed.
- the primary winding and / or the secondary winding is divided into partial windings, the partial windings then being optionally activated or activated by the control unit can be deactivated so that they are an active part or no part of the transformer. This possibility enables the power to be transmitted to the secondary side with the lighting means in a particularly flexible and efficient manner.
- the switch is controlled via an RC element, the RC element having an adjustable resistance.
- the resistance value of the RC element By influencing the resistance value of the RC element, the behavior over time of the control signal for the switch can be influenced. In particular, this makes it possible to influence the steepness of the rising or falling edge of the control signal.
- the adjustable resistor is formed by internal components of a microcontroller. As will be explained in more detail below, microcontrollers usually have an internal voltage divider for outputting an analog signal, the individual resistors of which can be combined accordingly. According to the particularly preferred embodiment, these components are now used to form the adjustable resistance of the RC element.
- the RC element has a plurality of capacitances which can optionally be activated or deactivated by the control unit.
- the form of the control signal for the clocked switch can be influenced even more flexibly via the RC element.
- Another preferred measure to optimize the control behavior for the switch consists in bridging the capacitor of the RC element with a further controllable switch. This can, if necessary, be switched on in order to deactivate the effect of the RC element and, for example, to end the switching cycle for the controllable switch of the transformer immediately. If necessary, the This second switch is controlled with the aid of an additional RC element. This then makes it possible to specifically influence the falling edge of the control signal for the switch.
- FIG 2 first shows the basic concept of the circuit arrangement according to the invention or the procedure according to the invention for operating an LED path.
- the solution shown is supplied with an AC supply voltage U AC on the input side of the circuit arrangement generally provided with the reference numeral 1, this voltage then first being converted into a rectified AC supply voltage U DC by a rectifier 5 - for example a bridge rectifier.
- the flyback converter shown also consists in that the circuit arrangement 1 has a transformer 10 with a primary winding L1 and a secondary winding L2, the secondary winding L2 then supplying the LED path 110 with current.
- the secondary circuit of the circuit arrangement 1 is shown in a very simplified manner and the secondary winding L2 is directly connected to the LEDs 110.
- the secondary circuit could, however, also be designed in a more complex manner and in particular the LED arrangement 110 could not only consist of a single serial LED string, but could have a more complex interconnection of LEDs.
- a controllable switching element 11 in the form of a transistor is provided in series with the primary winding L1 of the transformer 10, via which a current flow via the primary winding L1 can be allowed or interrupted can be.
- the control of the switch 11 takes place via a driver or control unit 20.
- the driver circuit 20 controls the switch 11 in a more flexible manner than in the prior art.
- the steepness of the control signal u for the switch 11 is adapted to the rising and / or falling edge.
- a significantly more complex control signal u now results for the switch 11 of the arrangement 1 according to the invention.
- this has the advantage that the smoothing capacitor can be completely dispensed with.
- the change in the control signal for the switch 11 must therefore take place flexibly as a function of the current actual value of the supply voltage U DC .
- a high-frequency control signal u is therefore required, the course of which is continuously adapted. It is possible, for example, to subdivide the range of the supply voltage U DC into different sub-areas and to select a suitable signal course when activating the switch 11 for each sub-area. Activation of the switch that is continuously dependent on the current value of the supply voltage would, however, also be conceivable.
- FIG. 3 shows first of all a basic version of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention, with comparable elements Figure 2 are provided with the reference number. However, it can be seen in Figure 3 For example, that - as mentioned above - the LED arrangement 110 can be designed in the most varied of ways.
- FIG Figure 2 explains the transformer 10 with the primary winding L1 and the secondary winding L2 as well as the controllable switch 11, which is connected in series with the primary winding L1 of the transformer 10.
- the activation of the switch 11 by the control unit or the driver 20 should, as mentioned, take place as a function of the supply voltage U for the transformer 10, which is obtained by rectifying the externally supplied AC supply voltage U AC with the aid of the rectifier 5.
- the control unit 20 In order to be able to actuate the switch 11 accordingly, the control unit 20 must therefore have precise knowledge of the current value of the rectified supply voltage U DC .
- a corresponding sensor unit 25 is provided for this, which is connected to the output of the rectifier 5 and transmits a corresponding signal to the control unit 20.
- the evaluation of the supply voltage available for the transformer 10 with regard to the measurement accuracy can optionally be improved by the fact that - as in Figure 3 indicated - a zero crossing detection is additionally carried out with the aid of a further unit 30.
- This unit is thus directly connected to the external supply voltage U AC or connected to the input of the rectifier 5 and supplies corresponding information regarding the zero crossing either to the unit 25, via which the supply voltage for the transformer 10 is evaluated and / or to the Control unit 20 itself.
- FIG. 4 A further development of the in Figure 3
- the basic concept shown is in Figure 4 shown. Again, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals, the unit 30 for zero crossing detection now not only being viewed as optional.
- Essential addition to the arrangement according to Figure 3 is, however, that in this case information regarding the actual im Secondary circuit current flowing is obtained.
- an optocoupler 35 is provided, which is connected to the secondary circuit in series with the LED arrangement 110 and transmits corresponding information to the control unit 20. This can then adapt the control for the switch 11 accordingly in the sense of a regulation, in order, if necessary, to produce a desired current flow through the LED arrangement 110 in a targeted manner.
- a constant current source 36 is provided in the secondary circuit, which is connected in series with the LED arrangement 110.
- the task of this constant current source 36 is to prevent an excessive current flow in the secondary circuit.
- Such constant current sources are often used in circuit arrangements for operating LEDs and represent a safety measure which ensures that the LEDs are not damaged due to an excessively high current.
- the constant current source 36 can also be designed as a controllable constant current source and is then in turn controlled by the control circuit 20.
- the secondary winding L2 of the transformer 10 is divided into two partial windings L21 and L22, which over Control elements 13 and 14 can optionally be added to the secondary circuit of the circuit arrangement 1.
- the control elements 13, 14 in this case consist of transistors which are controlled via a potential separation which is implemented with the aid of an optocoupler.
- the control unit 20 can optionally add or decouple the partial windings of the two windings L1 and L2 of the transformer 10 from the corresponding primary circuit or secondary circuit, so that the winding ratio of the transformer 10 can be adjusted in different steps.
- the concept of flexible setting of the winding ratio of the transformer 10 can also be applied to the circuit variants of Figures 3 and 4 the use of the in Figure 5 shown constant current source 36 is not absolutely necessary.
- the form of the signal is to be influenced.
- the measures now described relate in particular to the question of how the shape of the signal is influenced beyond the state of the art, i.e. in particular in what way the steepness of the rising and falling edges of the signal is modified.
- a first basic variant is in Figure 7 shown, only the essential components of the circuit arrangement 1 for realizing this variant can be seen.
- the control unit 20 is shown, which is connected on the output side to the switch 11 in order to control it. It is now provided according to the invention that the signal edges, in particular the rising signal edges, are influenced when the switch 11 is actuated in that the control signal is transmitted via an RC element.
- control unit 20 is based on a microprocessor and microprocessors often have a DAC output via which an analog output signal is output as a function of a digital setpoint value.
- the analog output signal is generated with the aid of a voltage divider integrated in the microprocessor, which has several individual resistors.
- the voltage divider is indicated schematically by a series arrangement of several individual resistors 23, these being optionally combined with one another by a multiplexer - not shown in detail - in order to form a voltage divider which is ultimately responsible for the drop in a desired analog voltage at the DAC output of the control unit 20 cares.
- the supply voltage Vdd for the control unit 20 is provided by the unit 25 connected to the output of the rectifier for detecting the actual value of the input voltage for the transformer 10.
- the unit 25 also transmits a signal representing the level of the supply voltage.
- a variable resistor By appropriately combining the resistors 23 of the integrated voltage divider of the control unit 20, a variable resistor can then be formed which, together with the capacitor C1, forms the RC element via which the switch 11 is controlled. Since the RC element influences the course of the control signal for the switch 11 over time, the change can therefore the integrated resistance of the control unit 20 can influence the signal curve. A very elegant possibility is thus created of influencing in particular the steepness of the rise of the control signal for the switch 11 in a simple manner.
- FIG. 8 A further development of this idea just explained is in Figure 8 shown.
- This consists in that a further controllable switch Q0 is provided parallel to the capacitor C1 of the RC element, via which the capacitor C1 of the RC element can optionally be bridged or discharged. This makes it possible, by activating this switch Q0, to abruptly cancel the time-delaying effect of the RC element with regard to the control of the switch 11, so that the signal shape can also be influenced here.
- the mode of operation of the RC element could of course also be modified by changing the value of the capacitance of the RC element.
- a corresponding solution to this is in Figure 9 now three - preferably differently dimensioned - capacitors C1, C2 and Cn are provided (the number can, however, be selected as desired), with a controllable switch Q1, Q2 and Qn being provided in series with the corresponding capacitance, via which the Associated capacitors C1, C2 or Cn can optionally be added to the control circuit for controlling the switch 11.
- the control unit 20 can therefore add any combination of these capacitances to the control circuit for the switch 11, so that in this way - possibly in combination with an adaptation of the voltage at the DAC output - the signal curve can be influenced even more finely.
- FIG. 2 shows a further development which is used in particular to influence the falling edge of the control signal for switch 11.
- switch Q0 is not controlled directly via the control unit 20, but again an RC element is interposed.
- the combination of resistor R0 and capacitance C0 can be used to adapt the signal profile when controlling the discharge switch Q0 and thus the steepness of the falling edge of the control signal can be set.
- the resistor R0 can again be designed to be variable, in that internal voltage divider components of the control unit 20 are used to implement this resistor.
- the capacitance value can also be made variable, if necessary, by, as in the exemplary embodiment, from Figure 9 There are several capacitances connected in parallel, which can be optionally added to the corresponding control path by means of controllable switches.
- the measures allow the switch of the transformer to be controlled in a very specific way. This makes it possible to precisely set the current realized on the output side for supplying the LEDs and thereby enable optimal operation of the illuminants, although the smoothing capacitor provided on the input side, which is usually provided in a flyback converter, can be dispensed with.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung, die zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln vorgesehen ist, wobei es sich bei den Leuchtmitteln insbesondere um LEDs handelt. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln, wobei eine mit Spannung versorgbare und mittels wenigstens eines Schalters getaktete Schaltung zum Einsatz kommt, über die ein Übertrager zum Übertragen elektrischer Energie von einer Primärwicklung zu einer Sekundärwicklung gespeist wird und bei der die Leuchtmittel über die Sekundärwicklung des Übertragers mit Strom versorgbar sind.The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement which is provided for operating lighting means, the lighting means being in particular LEDs. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating lighting means, wherein a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and is clocked by means of at least one switch is used, via which a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding is fed and in which the lighting means via the Secondary winding of the transformer can be supplied with power.
Das Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln auf Halbleiterbasis wie bspw. LEDs ist mit einem gewissen Aufwand verbunden, da LEDs im Vergleich zu klassischen Lichtquellen wie Glühbirnen oder dergleichen üblicherweise nicht unmittelbar mit der durch das Stromversorgungsnetz zur Verfügung gestellten Spannung versorgt werden können. Stattdessen ist ein effizienter LED-Betrieb nur dann möglich, wenn über die LED eine vorgegebene Spannung abfällt und durch die LED ein Strom fließt, der innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Bereichs liegt. Zwar sind aus dem Stand der Technik einige Lösungen zur Realisierung sog. AC-LED-Module bekannt, bei denen das LED-Modul unmittelbar mit dem allgemeinen Stromversorgungsnetz verbunden werden kann, auch diese Lösungen erfordern allerdings einen verhältnismäßig hohen Aufwand.The operation of light sources based on semiconductors, such as LEDs, is associated with a certain amount of effort, since, in comparison to classic light sources such as light bulbs or the like, LEDs usually cannot be supplied directly with the voltage made available by the power supply network. Instead, efficient LED operation is only possible if a specified voltage drops across the LED and a current flows through the LED that is within a specified range. Although some solutions for realizing so-called AC LED modules are known from the prior art, in which the LED module can be connected directly to the general power supply network, these solutions, however, also require a relatively high level of effort.
Üblicherweise ist deshalb vorgesehen, LEDs mit Hilfe eines sog. Konverters zu betreiben, der die eingangsseitig zur Verfügung gestellte Versorgungsspannung in eine für den Betrieb der LEDs geeignete Gleichspannung umsetzt. Auch hierfür sind unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze bekannt, wobei
Genau genommen ist in
Der in
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabenstellung zugrunde, eine neuartige Lösung zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln anzugeben, bei der die oben beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a novel solution for operating lighting means in which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln, welche die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist, gelöst. Ferner wird die Aufgabenstellung durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 10 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The object is achieved by a circuit arrangement for operating lighting means which has the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method according to
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung beruht zunächst auf der Erkenntnis, dass auf den oben erwähnten und als problematisch angesehenen Glättungskondensator auch verzichtet werden kann, sofern das alternierende Ansteuern des Schalters in geeigneter Weise vorgenommen wird. Genau genommen kann wiederum ein Übertrager mit einer Primärwicklung und einer Sekundärwicklung zum Einsatz kommen, wobei in Serie zu der Primärwicklung ein steuerbares Schaltelement geschaltet ist, mit dessen Hilfe alternierend ein Stromfluss durch die Primärwicklung hervorgerufen bzw. unterbrochen wird, wobei nunmehr erfindungsgemäß als Versorgungsspannung für den Übertrager eine gleichgerichtete, allerdings nicht geglättete Wechselspannung verwendet wird und abhängig von der aktuellen Höhe der Versorgungsspannung die Steilheit der ansteigenden oder abfallenden Flanke des Signals zum Ansteuern des Schalters angepasst wird. Es hat sich also gezeigt, dass ein Glätten der gleichgerichteten Wechselspannung nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, sofern das Ansteuerverhalten für den Schalter in geeigneter Weise - insbesondere abhängig vom aktuellen Wert der Versorgungsspannung - beeinflusst wird. Auch in diesem Fall ist es dann möglich, sekundärseitig einen gewünschten Stromfluss zum Versorgen der Leuchtmittel hervorzurufen.The solution according to the invention is initially based on the knowledge that the above-mentioned smoothing capacitor, which is viewed as problematic, can also be dispensed with, provided that the alternating control of the switch is carried out in a suitable manner. Strictly speaking, a transformer with a Primary winding and a secondary winding are used, with a controllable switching element connected in series with the primary winding, with the aid of which a current flow through the primary winding is alternately caused or interrupted, with a rectified but not smoothed AC voltage now as the supply voltage for the transformer is used and depending on the current level of the supply voltage, the steepness of the rising or falling edge of the signal for controlling the switch is adapted. It has thus been shown that smoothing the rectified AC voltage is not absolutely necessary if the control behavior for the switch is influenced in a suitable manner - in particular as a function of the current value of the supply voltage. In this case, too, it is then possible to produce a desired current flow on the secondary side for supplying the lighting means.
Erfindungsgemäß wird also eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln, insbesondere zum Betreiben einer oder mehrerer LEDs vorgeschlagen, wobei die Schaltungsanordnung eine mit Spannung versorgbare und mittels wenigstens eines Schalters getaktete Schaltung aufweist, über die ein Übertrager zum Übertragen elektrischer Energie von einer Primärwicklung zu einer Sekundärwicklung gespeist wird, wobei die Leuchtmittel über die Sekundärwicklung des Übertragers mit Strom versorgbar sind, sowie eine Steuereinheit zum alternierenden Ansteuern des Schalters, wobei es sich bei der Versorgungsspannung für den Übertrager um eine gleichgerichtete, nicht geglättete Wechselspannung handelt und wobei die Steuereinheit dazu ausgebildet ist, abhängig von der Versorgungsspannung für den Übertrager den folgenden Parameter für die Ansteuerung des Schalters anzupassen: die Steilheit der ansteigenden und/oder der abfallenden Flanke, wobei die Ansteuerung des steuerbaren Schalters über ein RC-Glied mit einem einstellbaren Widerstand erfolgt.According to the invention, a circuit arrangement for operating lighting means, in particular for operating one or more LEDs, is proposed, the circuit arrangement having a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and clocked by means of at least one switch, via which a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding is fed the lighting means can be supplied with power via the secondary winding of the transformer, as well as a control unit for alternating control of the switch, the supply voltage for the transformer being a rectified, non-smoothed alternating voltage and the control unit being designed to be dependent of the supply voltage for the transformer to adapt the following parameters for the control of the switch: the steepness of the rising and / or the falling edge, with the control of the controllable switch via an RC element with an adjustable resistor.
Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zum Betreiben von Leuchtmitteln, insbesondere zum Betreiben einer oder mehrerer LEDs vorgeschlagen, bei dem eine mit Spannung versorgbare und mittels wenigstens eines Schalters getaktete Schaltung einen Übertrager zum Übertragen elektrischer Energie von einer Primärwicklung zu einer Sekundärwicklung speist, wobei die Leuchtmittel über die Sekundärwicklung des Übertragers mit Strom versorgbar sind, wobei es sich bei der Versorgungsspannung für den Übertrager um eine gleichgerichtete, nicht geglättete Wechselspannung handelt und wobei abhängig von der Versorgungsspannung für den Übertrager der Parameter für die Ansteuerung des Schalters angepasst wird: die Steilheit der ansteigenden und/oder der abfallenden Flanke, wobei die Ansteuerung des steuerbaren Schalters über ein RC-Glied mit einem einstellbaren Widerstand erfolgt.Furthermore, the invention proposes a method for operating lighting means, in particular for operating one or more LEDs, in which a circuit that can be supplied with voltage and clocked by means of at least one switch feeds a transformer for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding to a secondary winding, the lighting means via the secondary winding of the transformer can be supplied with current, the supply voltage being for the transformer is a rectified, unsmoothed AC voltage and the parameters for controlling the switch are adapted depending on the supply voltage for the transformer: the steepness of the rising and / or falling edge, with the controllable switch being controlled via an RC Link is made with an adjustable resistance.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung stellt also eine Weiterentwicklung des klassischen Prinzips des Flyback-Konverters dar, welche es nunmehr allerdings erlaubt, auf den anfälligen und kostenaufwendigen Glättungskondensator zu verzichten. Trotz allem kann bei entsprechend geeigneter Ansteuerung des Schalters in effizienter Weise die Anordnung von Leuchtmitteln mit Strom versorgt und betrieben werden.The solution according to the invention thus represents a further development of the classic principle of the flyback converter, which, however, now allows the susceptible and costly smoothing capacitor to be dispensed with. In spite of everything, if the switch is appropriately controlled, the arrangement of lighting means can be supplied with power and operated in an efficient manner.
Dabei kann neben der erforderlichen Überwachung der Versorgungsspannung auch eine Überwachung des sekundärseitigen Stroms vorgenommen werden, um das Ansteuerverhalten für den Schalter zu optimieren. Hierfür können entsprechende Mittel zum Erfassen des sekundärseitigen Stroms vorgesehen sein, wobei hierzu vorzugsweise ein Optokoppler zum Einsatz kommt, mit dessen Hilfe das den sekundärseitigen Strom wiedergebende Signal auf die Primärseite des Übertragers, auf der auch der Treiber für den Schalter positioniert ist, übertragen wird.In addition to the necessary monitoring of the supply voltage, the secondary current can also be monitored in order to optimize the control behavior for the switch. For this purpose, appropriate means can be provided for detecting the secondary-side current, an optocoupler preferably being used for this purpose, with the aid of which the signal reproducing the secondary-side current is transmitted to the primary side of the transformer, on which the driver for the switch is also positioned.
Weiterhin kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, dass auf der Sekundärseite des Übertragers eine Konstantstromquelle vorgesehen ist, die in Serie zu den zu betreibenden Leuchtmitteln angeordnet ist. Primäraufgabe dieser Konstantstromquelle ist es zunächst, einen zu hohen Stromfluss durch die Leuchtmittel zu vermeiden. Es kann allerdings auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Konstantstromquelle steuerbar ausgeführt ist und auch diese zusätzlich durch die Steuereinheit entsprechend angesteuert wird, um zusätzlich die Versorgung für die Leuchtmittel zu optimieren.Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment it can be provided that a constant current source is provided on the secondary side of the transformer, which is arranged in series with the lighting means to be operated. The primary task of this constant current source is initially to avoid excessive current flow through the lighting means. However, it can also be provided that the constant current source is designed to be controllable and that it is also controlled accordingly by the control unit in order to additionally optimize the supply for the lighting means.
Die Leistungsübertragung zwischen Primärwicklung und Sekundärwicklung des Übertragers kann ferner gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform flexibel gestaltet werden, indem das Wicklungsverhältnis zwischen Primärwicklung und Sekundärwicklung veränderbar ist. Hierzu kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Primärwicklung und/oder die Sekundärwicklung in Teilwicklungen unterteilt ist, wobei die Teilwicklungen dann durch die Steuereinheit wahlweise aktiviert oder deaktiviert werden können, sodass sie also aktiver Bestandteil oder kein Bestandteil des Übertragers sind. Durch diese Möglichkeit kann in besonders flexibler und effizienter Weise eine Übertragung der Leistung auf die Sekundärseite mit den Leuchtmitteln vorgenommen werden.The power transmission between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer can also be designed flexibly according to a further preferred embodiment in that the winding ratio between the primary winding and the secondary winding can be changed. For this purpose, it can be provided that the primary winding and / or the secondary winding is divided into partial windings, the partial windings then being optionally activated or activated by the control unit can be deactivated so that they are an active part or no part of the transformer. This possibility enables the power to be transmitted to the secondary side with the lighting means in a particularly flexible and efficient manner.
Andere Weiterbildungen der Erfindung betreffen die Frage, in welcher Weise die erfindungsgemäße Einflussnahme auf das Ansteuersignal für die Ansteuerung des steuerbaren Schalters erfolgt.Other developments of the invention relate to the question of the manner in which the inventive influence on the control signal for the control of the controllable switch takes place.
Dabei ist zunächst vorgesehen, dass die Ansteuerung des Schalters über ein RC-Glied erfolgt, wobei das RC-Glied einen einstellbaren Widerstand aufweist. Indem auf den Widerstandswert des RC-Glieds Einfluss genommen wird, kann das zeitliche Verhalten des Ansteuersignals für den Schalter beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere besteht hierdurch die Möglichkeit, auf die Steilheit der ansteigenden oder abfallenden Flanke des Steuersignals Einfluss zu nehmen. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei vorgesehen, dass der einstellbare Widerstand durch interne Komponenten eines Mikrocontrollers gebildet ist. Wie nachfolgend noch näher erläutert wird, weisen Mikrocontroller zur Ausgabe eines analogen Signals in der Regel intern einen Spannungsteiler auf, dessen Einzelwiderstände wahlweise entsprechend kombiniert werden können. Diese Komponenten werden nunmehr gemäß der besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform dazu genutzt, den einstellbaren Widerstand des RC-Glieds zu bilden.It is initially provided that the switch is controlled via an RC element, the RC element having an adjustable resistance. By influencing the resistance value of the RC element, the behavior over time of the control signal for the switch can be influenced. In particular, this makes it possible to influence the steepness of the rising or falling edge of the control signal. It is particularly preferred here that the adjustable resistor is formed by internal components of a microcontroller. As will be explained in more detail below, microcontrollers usually have an internal voltage divider for outputting an analog signal, the individual resistors of which can be combined accordingly. According to the particularly preferred embodiment, these components are now used to form the adjustable resistance of the RC element.
Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu kann allerdings auch vorgesehen sein, dass das RC-Glied mehrere Kapazitäten aufweist, welche wahlweise durch die Steuereinheit aktiviert bzw. deaktiviert werden können. In diesem Fall kann also nochmals flexibler über das RC-Glied Einfluss auf die Form des Ansteuersignals für den getakteten Schalter genommen werden.As an alternative or in addition to this, however, it can also be provided that the RC element has a plurality of capacitances which can optionally be activated or deactivated by the control unit. In this case, the form of the control signal for the clocked switch can be influenced even more flexibly via the RC element.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Maßnahme, das Ansteuerverhalten für den Schalter zu optimieren, besteht ferner darin, den Kondensator des RC-Glieds durch einen weiteren steuerbaren Schalter zu überbrücken. Dieser kann ggf. leitend geschaltet werden, um die Wirkung des RC-Glieds zu deaktivieren und bspw. den Schaltzyklus für den steuerbaren Schalter des Übertragers unmittelbar zu beenden. Dabei kann ggf. auch die Ansteuerung dieses zweiten Schalters mit Hilfe eines zusätzlichen RC-Glieds erfolgen. Dieses ermöglicht es dann, gezielt die abfallende Flanke des Ansteuersignals für den Schalter zu beeinflussen.Another preferred measure to optimize the control behavior for the switch consists in bridging the capacitor of the RC element with a further controllable switch. This can, if necessary, be switched on in order to deactivate the effect of the RC element and, for example, to end the switching cycle for the controllable switch of the transformer immediately. If necessary, the This second switch is controlled with the aid of an additional RC element. This then makes it possible to specifically influence the falling edge of the control signal for the switch.
Letztendlich eröffnen also die oben genannten Maßnahmen die Möglichkeit, eine äußerst präzise Ansteuerung des getakteten Schalters für den Übertrager vorzunehmen, was wiederum die Möglichkeit eröffnet, einen sekundärseitigen Stromfluss sehr genau einzustellen, ohne dass hierfür der Einsatz eines primärseitigen Glättungskondensators erforderlich wäre. Dabei ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die zur Optimierung des Ansteuerverhaltens oben erwähnten zusätzlichen Kondensatoren deutlich kleiner dimensioniert sind als der im Flyback-Konverter erforderliche Glättungskondensator, sodass hier die im Zusammenhang mit der Flyback-Technologie auftretenden Probleme hinsichtlich des Kondensators zu vernachlässigen sind.Ultimately, the measures mentioned above open up the possibility of extremely precise control of the clocked switch for the transformer, which in turn opens up the possibility of setting a secondary-side current flow very precisely without the use of a primary-side smoothing capacitor being required. It should be pointed out that the additional capacitors mentioned above for optimizing the control behavior are dimensioned significantly smaller than the smoothing capacitor required in the flyback converter, so that the capacitor problems associated with flyback technology can be neglected here.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Lösung zur Ansteuerung von LEDs, die auf der Verwendung eines Flyback-Konverters beruht;
- Figur 2
- eine grundsätzliche Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Konzepts zum Ansteuern einer Leuchtmittelgruppe;
- Figur 3
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung;
- Figuren 4 - 6
- verschiedene Weiterentwicklungen der in
Figur 3 gezeigten Schaltungsanordnung; - Figur 7
- eine erste Maßnahme zur Optimierung der Ansteuerung des steuerbaren Schalters und
- Figuren 8 - 10
- weitere Varianten zur Optimierung der Ansteuerung des steuerbaren Schalters gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Figure 1
- a solution known from the prior art for controlling LEDs, which is based on the use of a flyback converter;
- Figure 2
- a basic representation of the inventive concept for controlling a group of illuminants;
- Figure 3
- a first embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention;
- Figures 4 - 6
- various further developments of the in
Figure 3 circuit arrangement shown; - Figure 7
- a first measure to optimize the control of the controllable switch and
- Figures 8-10
- further variants for optimizing the control of the controllable switch according to the present invention.
Eine weitere Übereinstimmung zu dem in
Schließlich besteht eine weiter Übereinstimmung zu der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösung darin, dass in Serie zur Primärwicklung L1 des Übertragers 10 ein steuerbares Schaltelement 11 in Form eines Transistors vorgesehen ist, über den also wahlweise ein Stromfluss über die Primärwicklung L1 zugelassen bzw. unterbrochen werden kann. Die Ansteuerung des Schalters llerfolgt hierbei über eine Treiber- bzw. Steuereinheit 20.Finally, a further correspondence with the solution known from the prior art is that a
Der wesentliche Unterschied hinsichtlich des strukturellen Aufbaus besteht darin, dass auf den in
Hierzu ist vorgesehen, dass die Treiberschaltung 20 eine im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik flexiblere Ansteuerung des Schalters 11 vornimmt. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass abhängig vom aktuellen Wert der Versorgungsspannung U für den Übertrager 10, also abhängig vom aktuellen Wert der gleichgerichteten Versorgungswechselspannung das Steuersignal u für den Schalter 11 hinsichtlich seiner Steilheit der ansteigenden und/oder abfallenden Flanke angepasst wird. Im Vergleich zu einem rein rechteckförmigen PWM-Signal, wie es bei der Ansteuerung des Schalters des Flyback-Konverters in
Die Änderung des Ansteuersignals für den Schalter 11 muss also flexibel abhängig vom aktuellen Istwert der Versorgungsspannung UDC erfolgen. Es ist also ein hochfrequentes Ansteuersignal u erforderlich, dessen Verlauf ständig angepasst wird. Dabei besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, den Bereich der Versorgungsspannung UDC in verschiedene Teilbereiche zu unterteilen und für jeden Teilbereich einen jeweils geeigneten Signalverlauf bei der Ansteuerung des Schalters 11 auszuwählen. Auch eine kontinuierlich vom aktuellen Wert der Versorgungsspannung abhängige Ansteuerung des Schalters wäre allerdings denkbar.The change in the control signal for the
Anhand der
Wesentliche Elemente der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung 1 sind also wie anhand von
Eine Weiterentwicklung des in
Die zuvor anhand von
Schließlich zeigt
Abhängig von der Höhe der Versorgungsspannung UDC kann also die Steuereinheit 20 wahlweise die Teilwicklungen der beiden Wicklungen L1 bzw. L2 des Übertragers 10 dem entsprechenden Primärkreis bzw. Sekundärkreis hinzufügen oder davon entkoppeln, sodass in verschiedenen Schritten das Wicklungsverhältnis des Übertragers 10 angepasst werden kann. Hierdurch wird eine nochmals bessere Möglichkeit zur Ansteuerung der LED-Anordnung 110 geschaffen, da trotz starker Veränderung der Versorgungsspannung UDC immer ein Wicklungsverhältnis für den Übertrager 10 eingestellt werden kann, welches das Erzielen einer geeigneten Spannung im Sekundärkreis für den LED-Betrieb ermöglicht. Dabei kann das Konzept des flexiblen Einstellens des Wicklungsverhältnisses des Übertragers 10 auch auf die Schaltungsvarianten der
Anhand der
Wie bereits erwähnt, soll beim Ansteuern des Schalters 11 Einfluss auf die Form des Signals genommen werden. Die nunmehr beschriebenen Maßnahmen betreffen dabei insbesondere die Frage, wie über den Stand der Technik hinausgehend die Form des Signals beeinflusst wird, also insbesondere in welcher Weise die Steilheit der ansteigenden sowie der abfallenden Flanke des Signals modifiziert wird.As already mentioned, when the
Dabei ist eine erste grundsätzliche Variante in
Erkennbar ist hierzu in
Durch entsprechendes Kombinieren der Widerstände 23 des integrierten Spannungsteilers der Steuereinheit 20 kann dann also ein variabler Widerstand gebildet werden, der gemeinsam mit dem Kondensator C1 das RC-Glied bildet, über den die Ansteuerung des Schalters 11 erfolgt. Da das RC-Glied den zeitlichen Verlauf des Ansteuersignals für den Schalter 11 beeinflusst, kann also durch die Veränderung des integrierten Widerstands der Steuereinheit 20 Einfluss auf den Signalverlauf genommen werden. Es wird also eine sehr elegante Möglichkeit geschaffen, in einfacher Weise insbesondere die Steilheit des Anstiegs des Steuersignals für den Schalter 11 zu beeinflussen.By appropriately combining the resistors 23 of the integrated voltage divider of the
Eine Weiterbildung dieses soeben erläuterten Gedankens ist in
Ein Modifizieren der Wirkungsweise des RC-Glieds könnte selbstverständlich auch dadurch vorgenommen werden, dass der Wert der Kapazität des RC-Glieds verändert wird. Eine entsprechende Lösung hierzu ist in
Letztendlich erlauben also die Maßnahmen in sehr spezifischer Weise den Schalter des Übertragers anzusteuern. Hierdurch besteht die Möglichkeit, den ausgangsseitig realisierten Strom zum Versorgen der LEDs genau einzustellen und hierdurch einen optimalen Betrieb der Leuchtmittel zu ermöglichen, wobei trotz allem auf den eingangsseitig vorgesehenen Glättungskondensator, der üblicherweise bei einem Flyback-Konverter vorgesehen ist, verzichtet werden kann.Ultimately, the measures allow the switch of the transformer to be controlled in a very specific way. This makes it possible to precisely set the current realized on the output side for supplying the LEDs and thereby enable optimal operation of the illuminants, although the smoothing capacitor provided on the input side, which is usually provided in a flyback converter, can be dispensed with.
Claims (12)
- A circuit arrangement (1) for operating lamps (110), in particular for operating one or more LEDs, having:• a circuit which can be supplied with voltage and is clocked by means of at least one switch (11), and by means of which circuit a transformer (10) for transmitting electrical energy is fed from a primary winding (L1) to a secondary winding (L2), wherein the lamps (110) can be supplied with current via the secondary winding (L2) of the transformer (10), and• a control unit (20) for alternatingly activating the switch (11),
wherein the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10) is a rectified, non-smoothed alternating voltage,
characterized in that
the control unit (20) is designed to adapt the following parameter for controlling the switch (11), depending on the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10):
the slope of the rising and/or falling edge, wherein the control of the controllable switch (11) takes place via an RC element with an adjustable resistance. - The circuit arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10) consists essentially of sinusoidal half-waves. - The circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
said circuit arrangement has means for detecting a signal representing the secondary-side current, which signal is supplied to the control unit (20), wherein the means for detecting the signal preferably comprise an optocoupler (35). - The circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
said circuit arrangement has a constant current source (36), which is arranged in series with the lamps (110) to be operated, wherein the constant current source (36) can preferably be activated by the control unit (20). - The circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the primary winding (L1) and/or the secondary winding (L2) of the transformer (10) are subdivided into partial windings (L11, L12, L21, L22), wherein the partial windings (L11, L12, L21, L22) can be selectively activated or deactivated by the control unit (20). - The circuit arrangement according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the adjustable resistance of the RC element is formed by internal components of the control unit (20). - The circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 6,
characterized in that
the RC element has at least two capacitors (C1, C2, Cn), which can be selectively activated or deactivated by the control unit (20). - The circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1, 6 or 7,
characterized in that
the capacitance or capacitances of the RC element can be bridged by a controllable switch (Q0). - The circuit arrangement according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the controllable switch (Q0) for bridging the RC element is controlled by means of a further RC element, wherein the resistance and/or the capacitance of the further RC element are preferably variable. - A method for operating lamps (110), in particular for operating one or more LEDs, in which a circuit which can be supplied with voltage and is clocked by means of at least one switch (11) supplies a transformer (10) for transmitting electrical energy from a primary winding (L1) to a secondary winding (L2),
wherein the lamps (110) can be supplied with current via the secondary winding (L2) of the transformer (10), and
wherein the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10) is a rectified, non-smoothed alternating voltage,
characterized in that
the following parameter for controlling the switch (11) is adapted depending on the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10):
the slope of the rising and/or falling edge, wherein the controllable switch (11) is controlled via an RC element with an adjustable resistance. - The method according to claim 10,
characterized in that
the supply voltage (UDC) for the transformer (10) consists essentially of sinusoidal half-waves. - The method according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that
the primary winding (L1) and/or the secondary winding (L2) of the transformer (10) are subdivided into partial windings (L11, L12, L21, L22), wherein the partial windings (L11, L12, L21, L22) are selectively activated or deactivated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102017207473.6A DE102017207473A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Circuit arrangement and method for operating lamps |
PCT/EP2018/060280 WO2018202453A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2018-04-23 | Circuit arrangement and method for operating lamps |
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EP3603345A1 EP3603345A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
EP3603345B1 true EP3603345B1 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
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EP (1) | EP3603345B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT17750U1 (en) |
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EP3987640A4 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2022-06-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Switching converter with multiple drive stages and related modes |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6078148A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-06-20 | Relume Corporation | Transformer tap switching power supply for LED traffic signal |
JP2009526365A (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2009-07-16 | フィリップス ソリッド−ステート ライティング ソリューションズ インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for high power factor controlled power supply using a single switching stage per load |
US20080018261A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2008-01-24 | Kastner Mark A | LED power supply with options for dimming |
DE102007040783A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Method for controlling non-linear load elements |
DE102008044372A1 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Switching arrangement for lighting device, has lighting unit and electronic control gear, where electronic control gear has switch transistor |
JP5629191B2 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2014-11-19 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Power supply |
US20130235623A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-12 | System General Corp. | Two-switch flyback power converters |
DE102014200437A1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Driver circuit for lamps, in particular LEDs |
KR20160015964A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Electronic apparatus, power supply and power controlling method thereof |
EP3000166A4 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-10-05 | Abbeydorney Holdings Ltd | Driving circuit, lighting device and method of reducing power dissipation |
KR20160031776A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-03-23 | 주식회사 솔루엠 | Power conveter and driving method for the same |
DE102014221024A1 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Operating circuit for lamps with PFC control unit |
-
2017
- 2017-05-04 DE DE102017207473.6A patent/DE102017207473A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-27 AT ATGM138/2017U patent/AT17750U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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