EP3561428B1 - Heat pipe with capillary pumping with improved operation - Google Patents

Heat pipe with capillary pumping with improved operation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3561428B1
EP3561428B1 EP19168582.5A EP19168582A EP3561428B1 EP 3561428 B1 EP3561428 B1 EP 3561428B1 EP 19168582 A EP19168582 A EP 19168582A EP 3561428 B1 EP3561428 B1 EP 3561428B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
heat pipe
dividing
groove
dividing plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19168582.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3561428A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Antoine Gruss
Mathieu Mariotto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP3561428A1 publication Critical patent/EP3561428A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3561428B1 publication Critical patent/EP3561428B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved functioning capillary pumped heat pipe.
  • the invention belongs to the field of heat exchange devices, in particular heat pipes, more particularly capillary pumped heat pipes. Specifically, the present invention relates to a heat pipe according to the preamble of claim 1, as disclosed in document US 2005 / 0022978A1 .
  • a heat pipe comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure, a working fluid and a capillary network. During manufacture, all the air present in the heat pipe is evacuated and a quantity of liquid is introduced which makes it possible to saturate the capillary network. An equilibrium is then established between the liquid phase and the vapor phase.
  • the liquid vaporizes by inducing a slight overpressure which causes the movement of the vapor towards the second end, designated the condenser.
  • the condenser In the condenser, the vapor condenses and returns to the liquid phase.
  • the condensed fluid circulates in the capillary network and returns to the evaporator under the effect of capillary forces.
  • the return of the liquid fluid from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is obtained by capillary pumping.
  • Grooved heat pipes work on the principle of capillary pumping. They have a tube in which the inner surface has longitudinal or slightly spiral-shaped grooves. Grooved heat pipes have a vapor core and a capillary network in which the liquid circulates. Due to a variation in the curvature of the vapor-liquid interface between the condenser zone and the evaporator zone, a pressure gradient appears in the liquid, which leads to a variation in capillary pressure. The smaller the width of the grooves, the greater the capillary pumping effect.
  • the maximum power that can be transported by grooved heat pipes is generally fixed by the capillary limit, the driving term of which is the capillary pressure, and the term essentially limiting the loss of liquid pressure in the grooves.
  • the depth to width ratio is of the order of 1.
  • the bottom of the grooves has rounded corners, which does not make it possible to have good capillary action in the corners.
  • Another technique uses mechanical machining, with this technique also the depth to width ratio is not substantially greater than 1.
  • Another technique uses chemical etching. But it does not make it possible to have a significant depth to width ratio either. In addition, the corners of the bottom of the grooves are rounded.
  • the document US 7 051 793 describes a heat pipe comprising one or more zones for the circulation of fluid in vapor form and on either side of these zones porous zones for circulation of the liquid, these capillary zones extending over the entire heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe is made by stacking plates.
  • the capillary zones are obtained by stacking plates comprising windows, the windows having orthogonal directions from one plate to another.
  • the pumping effect is not optimal. In addition, there is a significant pressure drop. This heat pipe spreads the heat flow across the width of the heat pipe and is not optimized for transporting the heat flow along its length.
  • a heat pipe comprising a stack of plates secured together in a hermetic manner.
  • the end plates form closure plates and the spacer plates are structured such that the stack of spacer plates define grooves extending the entire length of the heat pipe channel and having a small width compared to its depth.
  • the heat pipe comprises at least three intermediate plates, two first plates each having an opening of small transverse dimension and a second plate having an opening of large dimension transversely to the length of the heat pipe.
  • the second plate defines with the first two plates two grooves.
  • the width and depth of the capillary channels are set, respectively, by the thickness of the second plate and the difference between the transverse dimensions of the openings of the first and second plates.
  • the bottom of the grooves advantageously has corners delimited by flat surfaces.
  • a small groove width is chosen, which allows a high capillary pressure.
  • the capillary pumping effect is then improved, the result of which is that the limiting power that the heat pipe can carry is increased.
  • the heat pipe comprises several channels, each channel being delimited by a series of openings made in the plates, each channel advantageously comprising at least one groove.
  • the grooves are delimited by stacked plates.
  • the depth and the width of the grooves are obtained separately, so the limitations of the depth to width ratio do not arise which arise for example in the case of production by extrusion or chemical etching.
  • Each face of the groove in the direction of the stack is defined by a different plate of the plate defining the bottom of the groove in the direction of the plane.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a capillary pumped heat pipe comprising a first end intended to be heated and a second end intended to be cooled, and a sealed enclosure extending between the first end and the second end, the enclosure comprising a stack of plates, said stack comprising two closure plates, and intermediate plates between the closure plates, each intermediate plate comprising at least one opening, the edges of which partly define a channel.
  • the openings of at least three intermediate plates are dimensioned so that they define at least one groove extending between the first end and the second end of the heat pipe, said groove having a width in a direction of the stack less than or equal at depth in the direction of the plane of the plates.
  • the ratio between the depth and the width of the groove is advantageously between 1 and 80.
  • Each intermediate plate may have p openings so that the stack of plates delimits p channels.
  • one is disposed between the other two intermediate plates and is in mechanical contact with the other two intermediate plates.
  • At least one edge of the opening of the intermediate plate arranged between the two other intermediate plates may form the bottom of at least one groove, and the edges of the openings of the other two intermediate plates delimiting the groove are corrugated or sawtooth. .
  • the channel may have two side faces, said three intermediate plates defining a groove in each side face.
  • the intermediate plates may comprise n first intermediate plates and n + 1 second intermediate plates, the n first intermediate plates each comprising at least one opening of width L1, the n + 1 second intermediate plates each comprising at least one opening of width L2, the width L1 being greater than width L2, and each first intermediate plate being received between two second intermediate plates, each pair of first successive intermediate plates defining with a second intermediate plate disposed between the first intermediate plates of said pair two facing grooves.
  • the capillary pumped heat pipe may include heat exchange means at the first end and / or second end.
  • the heat exchange means at the second end may include one or more fins in thermal contact with at least one of the closure plates.
  • the heat exchange means may include a fluid circuit in thermal contact with at least one of the end plates, said circuit being formed by a plate structured so as to delimit channels, said channels being closed by said closure plate and a additional closure plate, the heat exchange means also comprising means for supplying heat transfer fluid to said fluid circuit.
  • At least one of the end plates has a surface greater than that of the intermediate plates in a direction transverse to the stack so as to form thermal diffusers.
  • the plates have an aluminum alloy at the core and on its outer faces an eutectic aluminum alloy with a lower melting point than that of the core aluminum alloy and in which the connection is obtained by eutectic brazing. .
  • the longitudinal direction is that given by the X axis.
  • the heat pipe C1 comprises a hermetic enclosure 2 extending along the longitudinal axis X and comprising a first longitudinal end 4 and a second longitudinal end 6.
  • the first end 4 is for example intended to be placed at a heat source. SC.
  • the first end is designated as the evaporator, and the second end 4 is for example intended to be placed at a cold source SF.
  • the second end is called the condenser.
  • the heat source is for example an electrical or electronic component, a heat storage device, an exothermic chemical reactor.
  • the heat sinks of the fins in forced convection, cold plates in mono or two-phase flow, cold storage, an endothermic chemical reaction ...
  • the heat pipe advantageously has a shape such that it extends in the XY plane, so as to have faces 7.1, 7.2, parallel to the XY plane, having a large surface area promoting heat exchange with the heat source and the source. cold.
  • the heat pipe is in contact with the heat source and the cold source on one or both sides 7.1, 7.2 of large area.
  • the faces 7.1, 7.2 of larger area are in the example shown orthogonal to the Z direction.
  • the heat pipe C1 comprises a channel 8 extending along the longitudinal axis X and grooves 10 extending along the longitudinal axis X on either side of the channel 8 in a direction Y orthogonal to the X axis.
  • the grooves 10 are formed in the side walls 8.1, 8.2 of the channel 8.
  • the side walls are considered with respect to the longitudinal direction X and are located in planes intersecting the planes of the faces 7.1, 7.2 with the largest surface area of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe enclosure comprises a stack E of plates delimiting the channel 8 and the grooves 10.
  • Stack E comprises two end plates 12 located at the ends of the stack in a Z direction orthogonal to the X and Y directions.
  • the end plates 12 are intended to close the channel 8 and are also referred to as "closure plates. ".
  • the stack comprises intermediate plates 14, 16 arranged between the end plates 12.
  • the intermediate plates comprise first intermediate plates 14 and second intermediate plates 16, the second intermediate plates 16 alternate with the first intermediate plates 14.
  • Each first intermediate plate 14 has a thickness e1, and comprises an opening 18 extending in the X direction and in the Y direction.
  • the opening 18 has a rectangular shape having a dimension I1 in the X direction and a dimension L1 in the Y direction.
  • Each second spacer plate 16 has a thickness e2 and has an opening 20 extending in the X direction and in the Y direction.
  • the opening 20 has a rectangular shape and has a dimension I2 in the X direction and a dimension L2 in the Y direction.
  • the L1 dimension is smaller than the L2 dimension.
  • the stack of two first plates on either side of a second plate delimits two grooves 10 as can be seen on the figures. figure 1B and 3 .
  • Each first plate participates in defining grooves 10.
  • the grooves have a thickness equal to the thickness e2 of the second plate 16 and a depth equal to (L1-L2) / 2, considering that the grooves 10 on either side of the X axis have the same depth and that the openings are centered relative to the edges of the plates.
  • the openings are made by punching, cutting, for example with a laser or with a water jet.
  • Capillary pressure is the pressure difference between the vapor phase and the liquid phase near the meniscus.
  • the menisci M represented in the grooves 10 at the level of the evaporator, and on the figure 3B at the condenser.
  • the capillary pressure is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of the meniscus. This radius of curvature is very large at the condenser, and is appreciably smaller at the evaporator.
  • the section through which the liquid passes through the grooves is increased, which reduces pressure drops and pushes back the capillary limit.
  • the bottom of the grooves has substantially right angles which is favorable. capillary action, unlike the rounded corners of the grooves obtained by extrusion or etching for example.
  • the heat pipe is filled with a two-phase fluid, it may be a fluid well known to those skilled in the art. This is chosen for example according to the operating and storage temperature range of the device, according to the constraints due to the pressure, the flammability, the toxicity of the fluid and the chemical compatibility between the fluid and the material. forming the heat pipe.
  • the liquid is evaporated in the evaporator and the vapor generated circulates in the central channel towards the condenser.
  • the vapor condenses.
  • the liquid circulates in the grooves towards the evaporator.
  • the curvature of the meniscus at the evaporator causes a difference in capillary pressure between the evaporator and the condenser, favoring the liquid flow towards the evaporator and the vapor flow towards the condenser.
  • the radius of curvature of the meniscus is reduced at the evaporator, which increases the capillary pressure and therefore the pumping of liquid to the evaporator.
  • the technique of manufacturing by stacking plates makes it possible to obtain a high depth / width ratio of the grooves, which makes it possible to increase the liquid passage section of the grooves and therefore to reduce the loss of liquid pressure.
  • the width of the grooves is between 0.05 mm and 6 mm, and can reach 0.05 mm. It should be noted that in the case of heat pipe of the state of the art obtained by extrusion, the width of the grooves is at least of the order of 0.2 mm for small diameters of the heat pipe, for example with a smaller internal diameter. to 10 mm, and approximately of the order of 0.5 mm for the largest diameters
  • the depth of the grooves is between 1 mm and 4 mm, and is very advantageously equal to 3 mm.
  • the depth / width ratio of the grooves can reach at least 20, or even more with grooves of 0.05 mm in width.
  • the depth / width ratio is of the order of 1.
  • the distance between the evaporator and the condenser can vary from a few centimeters to a few meters.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention can be made of different materials such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel.
  • the material (s) used for the manufacture of the heat pipe are chosen according to the constraints of mass, assembly, the required strength, etc.
  • the technique of joining the sheets depends on the material.
  • the assembly of aluminum alloy plates is obtained by eutectic brazing.
  • Aluminum alloy plates are used in known manner, one or both faces of which is or are coated with an aluminum alloy with a lower melting point.
  • an alloy sheet of the AA3xxxx series with the core is used, with a coating with a eutectic alloy of the AA4xxxx series comprising silicon with a lower melting point.
  • Coating is typically done by a roll-bond technique.
  • the total thickness of the plates is typically 0.05mm to 5mm, with a coating typically of 5% to 10% of the total thickness.
  • the heat pipe C3 comprises several channels 108 arranged one beside the other.
  • the heat pipe C3 comprises two closure plates 112, a plurality of stacked plates, the intermediate plates 114 and 116 have as many openings as there are channels.
  • all of the second spacer plates 116 have the widest openings so that the side edges of the openings form the bottom of the grooves and all of the first spacer plates 114 have the narrowest openings, so that the sides first plates form the lateral flanks of the grooves.
  • spacer plates 114 could have wider openings and narrower openings as well as plates 116.
  • the C3 heat pipe increases the heat flow transmitted and / or the exchange surface.
  • the different channels could not have the same number of grooves and / or the same distribution of the grooves.
  • edges of the openings defining the grooves are straight and parallel to each other.
  • This shape makes it possible to increase the length of the triple line, in particular in the evaporator zone, which makes it possible to increase the evaporative exchange coefficient.
  • the corrugated shape makes it possible to obtain walls not wetted by the condensation film at the tops of the corrugations. This also makes it possible to increase the condensation exchange coefficient by minimizing the interface resistance of the condensation film.
  • the bottom of the grooves is straight.
  • it can also be corrugated.
  • the edges 320.1 of the openings are sawtooth.
  • the grooves 310 are also sawtooth in the XY plane. As with the corrugated grooves, the condensation and evaporation exchange coefficients are increased.
  • the channel has a section other than rectangular, it is for example trapezoidal.
  • the heat pipe has a parallelepipedal shape.
  • the surface of the plates can vary. It is conceivable that the surface of the plates decreases in the Z direction, as shown in the figure. figure 11 .
  • the width of the intermediate plates is variable along the direction X, for example to produce a condenser of more large surface area than the evaporator as shown schematically on the figure 12 showing a first intermediate plate 414.
  • the openings are shaped so as to cover the entire surface, they are not parallel.
  • only one of the side faces of the channel has grooves.
  • a different number of grooves can also be envisaged between the two side faces.
  • the grooves 610 in one side face are offset with respect to the grooves in the other side face as shown schematically on the figure. figure 20 .
  • This exemplary embodiment makes it possible to use the same type of sheet to form all the intermediate plates, for this it is sufficient to alternately turn each plate head to tail.
  • the grooves do not have the same depth in the same channel and / or from one channel to another.
  • thermal diffusers or “spreader” in English terminology extending parallel to the XY plane.
  • the thermal diffusers are integral with the closure plates and extend symmetrically on either side of the channel. These diffusers have the effect of spreading the heat flow over a larger area and increasing the overall efficiency of the thermal system.
  • only one of the two closure plates has diffusers and / or diffusers are provided only on one side of the XZ plane and / or the diffusers have different surfaces on either side of the XZ plane. It can be envisaged that the size of the diffuser (s) be reduced, for example in the X direction.
  • the heat pipe C6 does not have a straight shape, it comprises two straight portions D1 and D2 oriented at right angles to one another.
  • the portions D1 and D2 extend in orthogonal planes.
  • the portion D1 extends in the XY plane and the portion D2 extends in the XZ plane.
  • the orientation of the portions D1 and D2 with respect to each other is for example obtained by folding after stacking of the plates and their securing. P1 designates the fold.
  • the C6 heat pipe can be conformed to the application.
  • the heat pipe may have several folds.
  • the portion D1 forms the evaporator and the portion D2 forms the condenser and is provided on its outer surfaces with fins A1 forming a radiator making it possible to evacuate the heat.
  • the radiator is for example in natural convection or in forced convection.
  • the fins are provided on the two large surface faces of the condenser. Alternatively, fins on a single surface could be considered.
  • the fins have flat plates perpendicular to the faces of the condenser. Any other form is possible.
  • the fins are extruded fins, skived fins, pin fins, molded fins, fins fixed by knurling, fins produced by 3D printing, or any other fin obtained by a technique for producing extension of surface well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a cooling circuit is integrated directly into the heat pipe C7 as shown in the figure. figure 16 .
  • the heat pipe comprises a cooling circuit 524 in which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
  • the cooling circuit is in direct contact with the condenser.
  • the cooling circuit 524 is formed by an additional plate 526, in which are formed grooves 528 defining the side walls of the circuit, and the closure plate 512 and an additional closure plate 530 form the walls d end of the cooling circuit.
  • the additional closure plate 530 has two orifices 532 each opening at one end of the circuit and allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat transfer fluid can be a liquid or a gas.
  • it is a two-phase circuit.
  • Such a circuit can also be used to form the heat source at the evaporator.
  • Each heat pipe has an evaporator length of 50 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 100 mm, a condenser length of 110 mm
  • Each heat pipe is made of copper.
  • the temperature in the adiabatic zone of the heat pipe is 60 ° C; ie the average vapor temperature of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the inclination of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.
  • Plates of a given material are cut to the desired outer shape for the heat pipe.
  • the openings are made in all the intermediate plates.
  • the openings are made for example by punching, laser cutting, by water jet cutting or by through chemical etching ... openings of different dimensions are made in the different plates so that once assembled grooves are formed.
  • closure plates are placed at the ends of the stack to close the channel or channels.
  • cooling channels are provided on one or both sides of the stack.
  • the plates are assembled, the assembly technique being chosen as a function of the material (s) of the plates, for example welding, brazing, gluing, etc., the assembly of the plates is sealed.
  • the heat pipe is then filled.
  • a filling orifice was made in one of the opening plates during the manufacture of the plates.
  • the fluid is chosen according to the operating conditions of the heat pipe (operating temperature, etc.) and the compatibility with the material (s) of the heat pipe.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURETECHNICAL FIELD AND STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

La présente invention se rapporte à un caloduc à pompage capillaire à fonctionnement amélioré.The present invention relates to an improved functioning capillary pumped heat pipe.

L'invention appartient au domaine des dispositifs d'échange thermique, en particulier des caloducs, plus particulièrement des caloducs à pompage capillaire. Spécifiquement, la présente invention se rapporte à un caloduc conforme au préambule de la revendication 1, tel que divulgué dans le document US 2005/0022978A1 .The invention belongs to the field of heat exchange devices, in particular heat pipes, more particularly capillary pumped heat pipes. Specifically, the present invention relates to a heat pipe according to the preamble of claim 1, as disclosed in document US 2005 / 0022978A1 .

Un caloduc comporte une enceinte hermétiquement close, un fluide de travail et un réseau capillaire. Lors de la fabrication, tout l'air présent dans le tube caloduc est évacué et on introduit une quantité de liquide permettant de saturer le réseau capillaire. Il y a alors établissement d'un équilibre entre la phase liquide et la phase vapeur.A heat pipe comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure, a working fluid and a capillary network. During manufacture, all the air present in the heat pipe is evacuated and a quantity of liquid is introduced which makes it possible to saturate the capillary network. An equilibrium is then established between the liquid phase and the vapor phase.

Sous l'effet d'une source de chaleur appliquée à l'une des extrémités, désignée évaporateur, le liquide se vaporise en induisant une légère surpression qui provoque le mouvement de la vapeur vers la seconde extrémité, désignée condenseur. Au condenseur, la vapeur se condense et repasse en phase liquide. Le fluide condensé circule dans le réseau capillaire et revient vers l'évaporateur sous l'effet de forces capillaires. Le retour du fluide liquide de la zone condenseur à la zone évaporateur est obtenu par pompage capillaire.Under the effect of a heat source applied to one of the ends, designated the evaporator, the liquid vaporizes by inducing a slight overpressure which causes the movement of the vapor towards the second end, designated the condenser. In the condenser, the vapor condenses and returns to the liquid phase. The condensed fluid circulates in the capillary network and returns to the evaporator under the effect of capillary forces. The return of the liquid fluid from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is obtained by capillary pumping.

Les caloducs à rainures fonctionnent sur le principe du pompage capillaire. Ils comportent un tube dans lequel la surface intérieure comporte des rainures longitudinales ou légèrement en forme de spirale. Les caloducs à rainures comportent un cœur vapeur et un réseau capillaire dans lequel circule le liquide. Du fait d'une variation de courbure de l'interface vapeur-liquide ente la zone condenseur et la zone évaporateur, un gradient de pression apparaît dans le liquide, qui mène à une variation de pression capillaire. Plus la largeur des rainures est petite, plus l'effet de pompage capillaire est important.Grooved heat pipes work on the principle of capillary pumping. They have a tube in which the inner surface has longitudinal or slightly spiral-shaped grooves. Grooved heat pipes have a vapor core and a capillary network in which the liquid circulates. Due to a variation in the curvature of the vapor-liquid interface between the condenser zone and the evaporator zone, a pressure gradient appears in the liquid, which leads to a variation in capillary pressure. The smaller the width of the grooves, the greater the capillary pumping effect.

Par ailleurs, des rainures profondes permettent d'obtenir une section de passage pour le retour liquide grande, et donc de minimiser la perte de pression.Furthermore, deep grooves make it possible to obtain a large passage section for the liquid return, and therefore to minimize the pressure loss.

La puissance maximale que peuvent transporter des caloducs à rainures est généralement fixée par la limite capillaire dont le terme moteur est la pression capillaire, et le terme limitant essentiellement la perte de pression liquide dans les rainures.The maximum power that can be transported by grooved heat pipes is generally fixed by the capillary limit, the driving term of which is the capillary pressure, and the term essentially limiting the loss of liquid pressure in the grooves.

Or les techniques de réalisation de l'état de la technique de ces caloducs ne permettent pas d'obtenir des rainures ayant une profondeur sensiblement plus grande que leur largeur.However, the techniques for producing these heat pipes in the prior art do not make it possible to obtain grooves having a depth which is substantially greater than their width.

Ces caloducs peuvent être réalisés par extrusion. Avec une telle technique, le rapport profondeur sur largeur est de l'ordre de 1. En outre, le fond des rainures présente des coins arrondis, ce qui ne permet pas d'avoir une bonne action capillaire dans les coins.These heat pipes can be produced by extrusion. With such a technique, the depth to width ratio is of the order of 1. In addition, the bottom of the grooves has rounded corners, which does not make it possible to have good capillary action in the corners.

Une autre technique utilise l'usinage mécanique, avec cette technique également le rapport profondeur sur largeur n'est pas sensiblement supérieur à 1.Another technique uses mechanical machining, with this technique also the depth to width ratio is not substantially greater than 1.

Une autre technique utilise la gravure chimique. Mais elle ne permet pas non plus d'avoir un rapport profondeur sur largeur important. En outre, les coins du fond des rainures sont arrondis.Another technique uses chemical etching. But it does not make it possible to have a significant depth to width ratio either. In addition, the corners of the bottom of the grooves are rounded.

Le document US 7 051793 décrit un caloduc comportant une ou plusieurs zones de circulation du fluide sous forme vapeur et de part et d'autre de ces zones des zones poreuses de circulation du liquide, ces zones capillaires s'étendant sur tout le caloduc.The document US 7 051 793 describes a heat pipe comprising one or more zones for the circulation of fluid in vapor form and on either side of these zones porous zones for circulation of the liquid, these capillary zones extending over the entire heat pipe.

Le caloduc est réalisé par empilement de plaques. Les zones capillaires sont obtenues en empilant des plaques comportant des fenêtres, les fenêtres ayant des directions orthogonales d'une plaque à l'autre.The heat pipe is made by stacking plates. The capillary zones are obtained by stacking plates comprising windows, the windows having orthogonal directions from one plate to another.

L'effet de pompage n'est pas optimal. En outre, une importante perte de charge existe. Ce caloduc étale le flux thermique sur la largeur du caloduc et n'est pas optimisé pour le transport du flux de chaleur sur sa longueur.The pumping effect is not optimal. In addition, there is a significant pressure drop. This heat pipe spreads the heat flow across the width of the heat pipe and is not optimized for transporting the heat flow along its length.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention d'offrir un caloduc à pompage capillaire à fonctionnement amélioré.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved functioning capillary pumped heat pipe.

C'est également un but additionnel de la présente invention d'offrir un caloduc à pompage capillaire de réalisation simplifiée.It is also an additional object of the present invention to provide a heat pipe with capillary pumping of simplified construction.

Les buts énoncés ci-dessus sont atteints par un caloduc comportant un empilement de plaques solidarisées entre elles de manière hermétique. Les plaques d'extrémité forment des plaques de fermeture et les plaques intercalaires sont structurées de sorte que l'empilement de plaques intercalaires délimitent des rainures s'étendant sur toute la longueur du canal du caloduc et présentant une largeur faible par rapport à sa profondeur.The aims stated above are achieved by a heat pipe comprising a stack of plates secured together in a hermetic manner. The end plates form closure plates and the spacer plates are structured such that the stack of spacer plates define grooves extending the entire length of the heat pipe channel and having a small width compared to its depth.

Pour cela, dans un exemple de réalisation, le caloduc comporte au moins trois plaques intercalaires, deux premières plaques présentant chacune une ouverture de faible dimension transversale et une deuxième plaque présentant une ouverture de grande dimension transversalement à la longueur du caloduc. Ainsi la deuxième plaque délimite avec les deux premières plaques deux rainures. La largeur et la profondeur des canaux capillaires sont fixées, respectivement, par l'épaisseur de la deuxième plaque et la différence entre les dimensions transversales des ouvertures des première et deuxième plaques. En outre, le fond des rainures présente avantageusement des coins délimités par des surfaces planes.For this, in an exemplary embodiment, the heat pipe comprises at least three intermediate plates, two first plates each having an opening of small transverse dimension and a second plate having an opening of large dimension transversely to the length of the heat pipe. Thus the second plate defines with the first two plates two grooves. The width and depth of the capillary channels are set, respectively, by the thickness of the second plate and the difference between the transverse dimensions of the openings of the first and second plates. In addition, the bottom of the grooves advantageously has corners delimited by flat surfaces.

Grâce à l'invention, on choisit une largeur de rainure faible, ce qui permet une pression capillaire importante. De plus, on peut avantageusement choisir un rapport largeur sur profondeur des rainures important, la perte de pression capillaire est alors diminuéeThanks to the invention, a small groove width is chosen, which allows a high capillary pressure. In addition, one can advantageously choose a large width to depth ratio of the grooves, the loss of capillary pressure is then reduced.

L'effet de pompage capillaire est alors amélioré, il en résulte que la puissance limite que peut transporter le caloduc est augmentée.The capillary pumping effect is then improved, the result of which is that the limiting power that the heat pipe can carry is increased.

De manière avantageuse, le caloduc comporte plusieurs canaux, chaque canal étant délimité par une série d'ouvertures réalisées dans les plaques, chaque canal comportant avantageusement au moins une rainure.Advantageously, the heat pipe comprises several channels, each channel being delimited by a series of openings made in the plates, each channel advantageously comprising at least one groove.

En d'autres termes, les rainures sont délimitées par des plaques empilées. Ainsi la profondeur et la largeur des rainures sont obtenues séparément, ne se pose alors pas les limitations de rapport profondeur sur largeur qui se posent par exemple dans le cas de la réalisation par extrusion ou gravure chimique. Chaque face de la rainure dans la direction de l'empilement est définie par une plaque différente de la plaque définissant le fond de la rainure dans la direction du plan.In other words, the grooves are delimited by stacked plates. Thus the depth and the width of the grooves are obtained separately, so the limitations of the depth to width ratio do not arise which arise for example in the case of production by extrusion or chemical etching. Each face of the groove in the direction of the stack is defined by a different plate of the plate defining the bottom of the groove in the direction of the plane.

La présente invention a alors pour objet un caloduc à pompage capillaire comprenant une première extrémité destinée à être échauffée et une deuxième extrémité destinée à être refroidie, et une enceinte étanche s'étendant entre la première extrémité et la deuxième extrémité, l'enceinte comprenant un empilement de plaques, ledit empilement comportant deux plaques de fermeture, et des plaques intercalaires entre les plaques de fermeture, chaque plaque intercalaire comportant au moins une ouverture dont les bords délimitent en partie un canal. Les ouvertures d'au moins trois plaques intercalaires sont dimensionnées de sorte qu'elles délimitent au moins une rainure s'étendant entre la première extrémité et la deuxième extrémité du caloduc, ladite rainure présentant une largeur dans une direction de l'empilement inférieure ou égale à la profondeur dans la direction du plan des plaques.The present invention therefore relates to a capillary pumped heat pipe comprising a first end intended to be heated and a second end intended to be cooled, and a sealed enclosure extending between the first end and the second end, the enclosure comprising a stack of plates, said stack comprising two closure plates, and intermediate plates between the closure plates, each intermediate plate comprising at least one opening, the edges of which partly define a channel. The openings of at least three intermediate plates are dimensioned so that they define at least one groove extending between the first end and the second end of the heat pipe, said groove having a width in a direction of the stack less than or equal at depth in the direction of the plane of the plates.

Le rapport entre la profondeur et la largeur de la rainure est avantageusement compris entre 1 et 80.The ratio between the depth and the width of the groove is advantageously between 1 and 80.

Chaque plaque intercalaire peut comporter p ouvertures de sorte que l'empilement des plaques délimite p canaux.Each intermediate plate may have p openings so that the stack of plates delimits p channels.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, parmi les trois plaques intercalaires, l'une est disposée entre les deux autres plaques intercalaires et est en contact mécanique avec les deux autres plaques intercalaires.In an exemplary embodiment, among the three intermediate plates, one is disposed between the other two intermediate plates and is in mechanical contact with the other two intermediate plates.

Au moins un bord de l'ouverture de la plaque intercalaire disposée entre les deux autres plaques intercalaires peut former le fond d'au moins une rainure, et les bords des ouvertures des deux autres plaques intercalaires délimitant la rainure sont ondulées ou en dent de scie.At least one edge of the opening of the intermediate plate arranged between the two other intermediate plates may form the bottom of at least one groove, and the edges of the openings of the other two intermediate plates delimiting the groove are corrugated or sawtooth. .

Le canal peut comporter deux faces latérales, lesdites trois plaques intercalaires délimitant une rainure dans chaque face latérale.The channel may have two side faces, said three intermediate plates defining a groove in each side face.

Les plaques intercalaires peuvent comporter n premières plaques intercalaires et n + 1 deuxièmes plaques intercalaires, les n premières plaques intercalaires comportant chacune au moins une ouverture de largeur L1, les n + 1 deuxièmes plaques intercalaires comportant chacune au moins une ouverture de largeur L2, la largeur L1 étant supérieure à la largeur L2, et chaque première plaque intercalaire étant reçue entre deux deuxièmes plaque intercalaires, chaque paire de premières plaques intercalaires successives définissant avec un deuxième plaque intercalaire disposée entre les premières plaques intercalaires de ladite paire deux rainures en regard.The intermediate plates may comprise n first intermediate plates and n + 1 second intermediate plates, the n first intermediate plates each comprising at least one opening of width L1, the n + 1 second intermediate plates each comprising at least one opening of width L2, the width L1 being greater than width L2, and each first intermediate plate being received between two second intermediate plates, each pair of first successive intermediate plates defining with a second intermediate plate disposed between the first intermediate plates of said pair two facing grooves.

Le caloduc à pompage capillaire peut comporter des moyens d'échange thermique au niveau de la première extrémité et/ou deuxième extrémité. Les moyens d'échange thermique au niveau de la deuxième extrémité peuvent comporter une ou plusieurs ailettes en contact thermique avec au moins une des plaques de fermeture.The capillary pumped heat pipe may include heat exchange means at the first end and / or second end. The heat exchange means at the second end may include one or more fins in thermal contact with at least one of the closure plates.

Les moyens d'échange thermique peuvent comporter un circuit fluidique en contact thermique avec au moins une des plaques d'extrémité, ledit circuit étant formé par une plaque structurée de sorte à délimiter des canaux, lesdits canaux étant fermés par ladite plaque de fermeture et une plaque de fermeture supplémentaire, les moyens d'échange thermique comportant également des moyens pour alimenter en fluide caloporteur ledit circuit fluidique.The heat exchange means may include a fluid circuit in thermal contact with at least one of the end plates, said circuit being formed by a plate structured so as to delimit channels, said channels being closed by said closure plate and a additional closure plate, the heat exchange means also comprising means for supplying heat transfer fluid to said fluid circuit.

Au moins l'une des plaques d'extrémité présente une surface supérieure à celle des plaques intermédiaire dans une direction transversale à l'empilement de sorte à former des diffuseurs thermiques.At least one of the end plates has a surface greater than that of the intermediate plates in a direction transverse to the stack so as to form thermal diffusers.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un caloduc à pompage capillaire comportant, à partir de plaques de dimensions extérieures données :

  • réalisation d'au moins une ouverture dans chacune des plaques,
  • empilement desdites plaques de sorte que les ouvertures délimitent un canal et au moins trois plaques intercalaires délimitent au moins une rainure s'étendant entre la première extrémité et la deuxième extrémité,
  • mise en place aux extrémités de l'empilement dans la direction de l'empilement de plaques de fermeture,
  • solidarisation desdites plaques de sorte à délimiter une enceinte étanche,
  • remplissage partiel du canal avec un fluide sous forme liquide et fermeture étanche du canal.
The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a capillary pumped heat pipe comprising, from plates of given external dimensions:
  • making at least one opening in each of the plates,
  • stacking of said plates so that the openings define a channel and at least three intermediate plates define at least one groove extending between the first end and the second end,
  • placement at the ends of the stack in the direction of the stack of closure plates,
  • securing of said plates so as to define a sealed enclosure,
  • partial filling of the channel with a fluid in liquid form and sealing of the channel.

Par exemple, les plaques comportent à cœur un alliage d'aluminium et sur ses faces extérieures un alliage d'aluminium eutectique à point de fusion inférieur à celui de l'alliage d'aluminium à cœur et dans lequel la solidarisation est obtenue par brasure eutectique.For example, the plates have an aluminum alloy at the core and on its outer faces an eutectic aluminum alloy with a lower melting point than that of the core aluminum alloy and in which the connection is obtained by eutectic brazing. .

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise sur la base de la description qui va suivre et des dessins en annexe sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1A est une vue de côté d'un exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc à pompage capillaire,
  • la figure 1B est une vue en coupe transversale du caloduc de la figure 1A le long du plan A-A,
  • la figure 2 est une vue éclatée du caloduc des figures 1A et 1B,
  • la figure 3A est une représentation schématique des ménisques dans le caloduc des figures 1A, 1B et 2 au niveau de l'évaporateur,
  • la figure 3B est une représentation schématique des ménisques dans le caloduc des figures 1A, 1B et 2 au niveau du condenseur,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale d'une variante du caloduc des figures 1A et 1B,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc comprenant plusieurs canaux,
  • la figure 6 est une vue éclatée du caloduc de la figure 5,
  • les figures 7A et 7B sont des vues de dessus de plaques intercalaires d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc,
  • la figure 8 est une vue éclatée du caloduc comportant les plaques intercalaires des figures 7A et 7B,
  • la figure 9 est une vue de détail d'une rainure du caloduc de la figure 8,
  • la figure 10 est une vue de détail d'une rainure selon une variante de la figure 8,
  • la figure 11 est une vue d'une extrémité d'un caloduc selon un autre exemple de réalisation,
  • la figure 12 est une vue de dessus d'une plaque intercalaire selon un autre exemple de réalisation,
  • la figure 13 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un caloduc selon un autre exemple de réalisation comportant des diffuseurs thermiques,
  • la figure 14 est une vue en perspective d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc selon l'invention réparti dans plusieurs plans,
  • les figures 15A à 15F sont des vues en perspective d'exemples d'ailettes applicables à un caloduc selon l'invention,
  • la figure 16 est une vue éclatée d'un caloduc selon un exemple de réalisation comportant un échangeur thermique au niveau de l'absorbeur,
  • la figure 17A est une vue en coupe transversale d'un caloduc de l'état de la technique,
  • la figure 17B est une vue de dessus d'un empilement de plaques intercalaires d'un caloduc selon un exemple de la présente invention,
  • la figure 18 est une graphique représentant les variations de limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de l'inclinaison du caloduc dans le cas du caloduc de la figure 17A (II) et du caloduc de la figure 17B (I) utilisant l'eau comme fluide de travail, ceci pour une température de 60°C,
  • la figure 19 est une graphique représentant la puissance maximale en Watt en fonction de la température du caloduc dans le cas du caloduc de la figure 17A (II') et du caloduc de la figure 17B (I') utilisant l'acétone comme fluide de travail, ceci à angle d'inclinaison nulle par rapport à l'horizontale.
  • la figure 20 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc selon l'invention,
The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the description which follows and the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1A is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a capillary pumped heat pipe,
  • the figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe of the figure 1A along the AA plane,
  • the figure 2 is an exploded view of the heat pipe of figures 1A and 1B ,
  • the figure 3A is a schematic representation of the menisci in the heat pipe of figures 1A, 1B and 2 at the evaporator,
  • the figure 3B is a schematic representation of the menisci in the heat pipe of figures 1A, 1B and 2 at the condenser,
  • the figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a variant of the heat pipe of figures 1A and 1B ,
  • the figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heat pipe comprising several channels,
  • the figure 6 is an exploded view of the heat pipe of the figure 5 ,
  • the figures 7A and 7B are top views of spacer plates of another embodiment of a heat pipe,
  • the figure 8 is an exploded view of the heat pipe comprising the intermediate plates of the figures 7A and 7B ,
  • the figure 9 is a detail view of a groove in the heat pipe of the figure 8 ,
  • the figure 10 is a detail view of a groove according to a variant of the figure 8 ,
  • the figure 11 is a view of one end of a heat pipe according to another exemplary embodiment,
  • the figure 12 is a top view of an intermediate plate according to another exemplary embodiment,
  • the figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe according to another exemplary embodiment comprising thermal diffusers,
  • the figure 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a heat pipe according to the invention distributed in several planes,
  • the figures 15A to 15F are perspective views of examples of fins applicable to a heat pipe according to the invention,
  • the figure 16 is an exploded view of a heat pipe according to an exemplary embodiment comprising a heat exchanger at the level of the absorber,
  • the figure 17A is a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe of the state of the art,
  • the figure 17B is a top view of a stack of intermediate plates of a heat pipe according to an example of the present invention,
  • the figure 18 is a graph representing the variations of capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the inclination of the heat pipe in the case of the heat pipe of the figure 17A (II) and the heat pipe of the figure 17B (I) using water as the working fluid, this for a temperature of 60 ° C,
  • the figure 19 is a graph representing the maximum power in watts as a function of the heat pipe temperature in the case of the heat pipe of the figure 17A (II ') and the heat pipe of the figure 17B (I ') using acetone as working fluid, this at zero inclination angle with respect to the horizontal.
  • the figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heat pipe according to the invention,

Les représentations ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle et les proportions entre une vue en coupe et une vue de côté par exemple ne sont pas nécessairement respectées.The representations are not necessarily to scale and the proportions between a sectional view and a side view for example are not necessarily respected.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Sur la figure 1A, on peut voir un caloduc C1 à pompage capillaire vu de l'extérieur s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal X.On the figure 1A , we can see a capillary pumped heat pipe C1 seen from the outside extending along a longitudinal axis X.

Dans la présente demande, la direction longitudinale est celle donnée par l'axe X.In the present application, the longitudinal direction is that given by the X axis.

Le caloduc C1 comporte une enceinte hermétique 2 s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal X et comportant une première extrémité longitudinale 4 et une deuxième extrémité longitudinale 6. La première extrémité 4 est par exemple destinée à être disposée au niveau d'une source de chaleur SC. La première extrémité est désignée évaporateur, et la deuxième extrémité 4 est par exemple destinée à être disposée au niveau d'une source froide SF. La deuxième extrémité est désignée condenseur.The heat pipe C1 comprises a hermetic enclosure 2 extending along the longitudinal axis X and comprising a first longitudinal end 4 and a second longitudinal end 6. The first end 4 is for example intended to be placed at a heat source. SC. The first end is designated as the evaporator, and the second end 4 is for example intended to be placed at a cold source SF. The second end is called the condenser.

La source de chaleur est par exemple un composant électrique ou électronique, un stockage de chaud, un réacteur chimique exothermique. Les puits de chaleur des ailettes en convection forcée, des plaques froides en écoulement mono ou diphasique, un stockage de froid, une réaction chimique endothermique...The heat source is for example an electrical or electronic component, a heat storage device, an exothermic chemical reactor. The heat sinks of the fins in forced convection, cold plates in mono or two-phase flow, cold storage, an endothermic chemical reaction ...

Le caloduc a avantageusement une forme telle qu'il s'étend dans le plan XY, de sorte à présenter des faces 7.1, 7.2, parallèles au plan XY, ayant de grande surface favorisant les échanges de chaleur avec la source de chaleur et la source froide.The heat pipe advantageously has a shape such that it extends in the XY plane, so as to have faces 7.1, 7.2, parallel to the XY plane, having a large surface area promoting heat exchange with the heat source and the source. cold.

Le caloduc est en contact avec la source de chaleur et la source froide sur une ou ses deux faces 7.1, 7.2 de grande surface. Les faces 7.1, 7.2 de plus grande surface sont dans l'exemple représenté orthogonales à la direction Z.The heat pipe is in contact with the heat source and the cold source on one or both sides 7.1, 7.2 of large area. The faces 7.1, 7.2 of larger area are in the example shown orthogonal to the Z direction.

Sur la figure 1B, on peut voir une vue en coupe transversale du caloduc C1.On the figure 1B , we can see a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe C1.

Le caloduc C1 comporte un canal 8 s'étendant le long de l'axe longitudinal X et des rainures 10 s'étendant le long de l'axe longitudinal X de part et d'autre du canal 8 dans une direction Y orthogonale à l'axe X.The heat pipe C1 comprises a channel 8 extending along the longitudinal axis X and grooves 10 extending along the longitudinal axis X on either side of the channel 8 in a direction Y orthogonal to the X axis.

Les rainures 10 sont formées dans les parois latérales 8.1, 8.2 du canal 8. Les parois latérales sont considérées par rapport à la direction longitudinale X et sont situées dans des plans sécants aux plans des faces 7.1, 7.2 de plus grande surface du caloduc.The grooves 10 are formed in the side walls 8.1, 8.2 of the channel 8. The side walls are considered with respect to the longitudinal direction X and are located in planes intersecting the planes of the faces 7.1, 7.2 with the largest surface area of the heat pipe.

L'enceinte du caloduc comporte un empilement E de plaques délimitant le canal 8 et les rainures 10.The heat pipe enclosure comprises a stack E of plates delimiting the channel 8 and the grooves 10.

L'empilement E comporte deux plaques d'extrémité 12 situées aux extrémités de l'empilement dans une direction Z orthogonale aux directions X et Y. Les plaques d'extrémité 12 sont destinées à fermer le canal 8 et sont également désignées « plaques de fermeture ».Stack E comprises two end plates 12 located at the ends of the stack in a Z direction orthogonal to the X and Y directions. The end plates 12 are intended to close the channel 8 and are also referred to as "closure plates. ".

L'empilement comporte des plaques intercalaires 14, 16 disposées entre les plaques d'extrémité 12. Les plaques intercalaires comportent des premières plaques intercalaires 14 et des deuxièmes plaques intercalaires 16, les deuxièmes plaques intercalaires 16 alternent avec les premières plaques intercalaires 14.The stack comprises intermediate plates 14, 16 arranged between the end plates 12. The intermediate plates comprise first intermediate plates 14 and second intermediate plates 16, the second intermediate plates 16 alternate with the first intermediate plates 14.

Dans cet exemple, toutes les plaques 12, 14, 16 présentent les mêmes dimensions extérieures, l'empilement est alors de forme parallélépipédique rectangle.In this example, all the plates 12, 14, 16 have the same external dimensions, the stack is then of rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Chaque première plaque intercalaire 14 a une épaisseur e1, et comporte une ouverture 18 s'étendant dans la direction X et dans la direction Y. Dans cet exemple, l'ouverture 18 a une forme rectangulaire présentant une dimension I1 dans la direction X et une dimension L1 dans la direction Y.Each first intermediate plate 14 has a thickness e1, and comprises an opening 18 extending in the X direction and in the Y direction. In this example, the opening 18 has a rectangular shape having a dimension I1 in the X direction and a dimension L1 in the Y direction.

Chaque deuxième plaque intercalaire 16 a une épaisseur e2 et comporte une ouverture 20 s'étendant dans la direction X et dans la direction Y. Dans cet exemple, l'ouverture 20 a une forme rectangulaire et présente une dimension I2 dans la direction X et une dimension L2 dans la direction Y.Each second spacer plate 16 has a thickness e2 and has an opening 20 extending in the X direction and in the Y direction. In this example, the opening 20 has a rectangular shape and has a dimension I2 in the X direction and a dimension L2 in the Y direction.

Les dimensions I1 et I2 sont égales ou proches et correspondent à la longueur du canal 8.Dimensions I1 and I2 are equal or close and correspond to the length of channel 8.

La dimension L1 est inférieure à la dimension L2.The L1 dimension is smaller than the L2 dimension.

Du fait des dimensions L1 et L2 différentes, l'empilement de deux premières plaques de part et d'autre d'une deuxième plaque délimitent deux rainures 10 comme cela est visible sur les figure 1B et 3.Due to the different dimensions L1 and L2, the stack of two first plates on either side of a second plate delimits two grooves 10 as can be seen on the figures. figure 1B and 3 .

Chaque première plaque participe à délimiter des rainures 10.Each first plate participates in defining grooves 10.

Les rainures ont une épaisseur égale à l'épaisseur e2 de la deuxième plaque 16 et une profondeur égale à (L1-L2)/2, en considérant que les rainures 10 de part et d'autre de l'axe X ont la même profondeur et que les ouvertures sont centrées par rapport aux bords des plaques.The grooves have a thickness equal to the thickness e2 of the second plate 16 and a depth equal to (L1-L2) / 2, considering that the grooves 10 on either side of the X axis have the same depth and that the openings are centered relative to the edges of the plates.

Ainsi il est aisé de réaliser des rainures dont le rapport profondeur sur épaisseur est grand, voire très grand. En effet, la profondeur et l'épaisseur étant fixée séparément lors d'étapes différentes, il n'y a pas de limitation due au procédé de fabrication contrairement à l'extrusion et à la gravure.Thus it is easy to produce grooves whose depth to thickness ratio is large, or even very large. Indeed, the depth and the thickness being fixed separately during different steps, there is no limitation due to the manufacturing process unlike extrusion and engraving.

Il est possible de réaliser des deuxièmes plaques très fines et/ou des ouvertures entre les première et deuxième plaques de dimensions L1, L2 très différentes.It is possible to produce second very thin plates and / or openings between the first and second plates of very different dimensions L1, L2.

Par exemple, les ouvertures sont réalisées par poinçonnage, découpage, par exemple au laser ou au jet d'eau.For example, the openings are made by punching, cutting, for example with a laser or with a water jet.

En réalisant des rainures fines et profondes par rapport à leur épaisseur, on obtient une pression capillaire élevée et une perte de pression faible, donc un pompage capillaire amélioré par rapport aux caloducs à pompage capillaire de l'état de la technique. Le liquide est remonté plus facilement du condenseur vers l'évaporateur, indépendamment de la gravité.By making grooves that are fine and deep in relation to their thickness, a high capillary pressure is obtained and a low pressure loss, therefore an improved capillary pumping compared to the capillary pumping heat pipes of the state of the art. The liquid is more easily ascended from the condenser to the evaporator, regardless of gravity.

La pression capillaire est la différence de pression entre la phase vapeur et la phase liquide au voisinage du ménisque.Capillary pressure is the pressure difference between the vapor phase and the liquid phase near the meniscus.

Sur la figure 3A, on peut voir les ménisques M représentées dans les rainures 10 au niveau de l'évaporateur, et sur la figure 3B au niveau du condenseur. La pression capillaire est inversement proportionnelle au rayon de courbure du ménisque. Ce rayon de courbure est très grand au condenseur, et est sensiblement plus faible à l'évaporateur.On the figure 3A , one can see the menisci M represented in the grooves 10 at the level of the evaporator, and on the figure 3B at the condenser. The capillary pressure is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of the meniscus. This radius of curvature is very large at the condenser, and is appreciably smaller at the evaporator.

En augmentant la profondeur des rainures, on augmente la section de passage du liquide dans les rainures, ce qui réduit les pertes de charge et repousse la limite capillaire.By increasing the depth of the grooves, the section through which the liquid passes through the grooves is increased, which reduces pressure drops and pushes back the capillary limit.

En outre, du fait de la réalisation des rainures par empilement de plaques le fond des rainures présente des angles sensiblement droits ce qui est favorable à l'action capillaire, à l'inverse des coins arrondis des rainures obtenues par extrusion ou gravure par exemple.In addition, due to the realization of the grooves by stacking plates, the bottom of the grooves has substantially right angles which is favorable. capillary action, unlike the rounded corners of the grooves obtained by extrusion or etching for example.

Le caloduc est rempli d'un fluide diphasique, il peut s'agir d'un fluide bien connu de l'homme du métier. Celui-ci est choisi par exemple en fonction de la gamme de température de fonctionnement et de stockage du dispositif, en fonction des contraintes dues à la pression, l'inflammabilité, la toxicité du fluide et de la compatibilité chimique entre le fluide et le matériau formant le caloduc.The heat pipe is filled with a two-phase fluid, it may be a fluid well known to those skilled in the art. This is chosen for example according to the operating and storage temperature range of the device, according to the constraints due to the pressure, the flammability, the toxicity of the fluid and the chemical compatibility between the fluid and the material. forming the heat pipe.

A titre d'exemple, pour un caloduc réalisé en alliage d'aluminium assemblé par brasure eutectique, on peut utiliser comme fluide l'ammoniac, l'acétone, le méthanol, le n-heptane, le R134a ou autres fluides frigorigènes fluorés.By way of example, for a heat pipe made of an aluminum alloy assembled by eutectic brazing, it is possible to use ammonia, acetone, methanol, n-heptane, R134a or other fluorinated refrigerants as fluid.

Le fonctionnement du caloduc va maintenant être expliqué.The operation of the heat pipe will now be explained.

Le liquide est évaporé à l'évaporateur et la vapeur générée circule dans le canal central vers le condenseur. Au condenseur, la vapeur se condense. Le liquide circule dans les rainures vers l'évaporateur. La courbure du ménisque à l'évaporateur provoque une différence de pression capillaire entre l'évaporateur et le condenseur, favorisant l'écoulement liquide vers l'évaporateur et l'écoulement vapeur vers le condenseur.The liquid is evaporated in the evaporator and the vapor generated circulates in the central channel towards the condenser. In the condenser, the vapor condenses. The liquid circulates in the grooves towards the evaporator. The curvature of the meniscus at the evaporator causes a difference in capillary pressure between the evaporator and the condenser, favoring the liquid flow towards the evaporator and the vapor flow towards the condenser.

En réalisant des rainures fines et profondes, le rayon de courbure du ménisque est réduit à l'évaporateur, ce qui augmente la pression capillaire et donc le pompage du liquide vers l'évaporateur.By making fine and deep grooves, the radius of curvature of the meniscus is reduced at the evaporator, which increases the capillary pressure and therefore the pumping of liquid to the evaporator.

Par ailleurs, la technique de fabrication par empilement de plaques permet d'obtenir un rapport profondeur/largeur des rainures élevé, ce qui permet d'augmenter la section de passage liquide des rainures et donc de diminuer la perte de pression liquide.Moreover, the technique of manufacturing by stacking plates makes it possible to obtain a high depth / width ratio of the grooves, which makes it possible to increase the liquid passage section of the grooves and therefore to reduce the loss of liquid pressure.

De manière avantageuse, la largeur des rainures est comprise entre 0,05 mm et 6 mm, et peut atteindre 0,05 mm. Il est à noter que dans le cas de caloduc de l'état de la technique obtenus par extrusion, la largeur des rainures est au minimum de l'ordre de 0,2 mm pour les petits diamètres de caloduc, par exemple de diamètre intérieur inférieur à 10 mm, et environ de l'ordre de 0,5 mm pour les plus gros diamètresAdvantageously, the width of the grooves is between 0.05 mm and 6 mm, and can reach 0.05 mm. It should be noted that in the case of heat pipe of the state of the art obtained by extrusion, the width of the grooves is at least of the order of 0.2 mm for small diameters of the heat pipe, for example with a smaller internal diameter. to 10 mm, and approximately of the order of 0.5 mm for the largest diameters

De manière avantageuse, la profondeur des rainures est comprise entre 1 mm et 4 mm, et est très avantageusement égale à 3 mm.Advantageously, the depth of the grooves is between 1 mm and 4 mm, and is very advantageously equal to 3 mm.

Le rapport profondeur/largeur des rainures peut atteindre au moins 20, voire plus avec des rainures de 0,05 mm de largeur. Dans le cas de caloduc de l'état de la technique obtenus par extrusion, le rapport profondeur/largeur est de l'ordre de 1.The depth / width ratio of the grooves can reach at least 20, or even more with grooves of 0.05 mm in width. In the case of a heat pipe of the state of the art obtained by extrusion, the depth / width ratio is of the order of 1.

La distance entre l'évaporateur et le condenseur peut varier de quelques centimètres à quelques mètres.The distance between the evaporator and the condenser can vary from a few centimeters to a few meters.

Le caloduc selon l'invention peut être réalisé en différents matériaux tels que, par exemple un alliage d'aluminium, en cuivre, en acier inoxydable. Le ou les matériaux utilisés pour la fabrication du caloduc sont choisis en fonction des contraintes de masse, d'assemblage, de la robustesse requise...The heat pipe according to the invention can be made of different materials such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel. The material (s) used for the manufacture of the heat pipe are chosen according to the constraints of mass, assembly, the required strength, etc.

La technique d'assemblage des tôles dépend du matériau.The technique of joining the sheets depends on the material.

Par exemple, dans le cas de plaques en alliage d'aluminium, on peut utiliser la brasure sous vide avec tôles cladées, la brasure au bain de sel, la brasure sous gaz inerte, le soudage par ultrasons, la soudure par friction-malaxage (Friction Stir Welding), le collage...For example, in the case of aluminum alloy plates, vacuum brazing with clad plates, salt bath brazing, inert gas brazing, ultrasonic welding, friction stir welding ( Friction Stir Welding), bonding ...

Dans le cas de plaque en cuivre, en acier inoxydable ou en superalliage, on peut utiliser la soudure diffusion, la brasure diffusion, le collage...In the case of copper, stainless steel or superalloy plate, diffusion welding, diffusion brazing, bonding, etc. can be used.

Dans le cas de plaques en aciers inoxydables, super alliages, on peut utiliser la soudure diffusion, la brasure diffusion, le collage...In the case of plates in stainless steels, super alloys, diffusion welding, diffusion brazing, gluing, etc. can be used.

A titre d'exemple, l'assemblage de plaques en alliage d'aluminium est obtenu par brasure eutectique. On utilise de manière connue des plaques en alliage d'aluminium dont une ou les deux faces est ou sont revêtue(s) d'un alliage aluminium à plus bas point de fusion.By way of example, the assembly of aluminum alloy plates is obtained by eutectic brazing. Aluminum alloy plates are used in known manner, one or both faces of which is or are coated with an aluminum alloy with a lower melting point.

Par exemple, on utilise une tôle en alliage de la série AA3xxxx à cœur, avec un revêtement avec un alliage eutectique de la série AA4xxxx comprenant du silicium à plus bas point de fusion.For example, an alloy sheet of the AA3xxxx series with the core is used, with a coating with a eutectic alloy of the AA4xxxx series comprising silicon with a lower melting point.

Le revêtement se fait typiquement par une technique de roll-bond.Coating is typically done by a roll-bond technique.

L'épaisseur totale des plaques est typiquement de 0,05 mm à 5 mm, avec un revêtement typiquement de 5% à 10% de l'épaisseur totale.The total thickness of the plates is typically 0.05mm to 5mm, with a coating typically of 5% to 10% of the total thickness.

En pressant à chaud deux plaques d'aluminium ainsi revêtues à une température supérieure à la température de fusion de l'eutectique, mais inférieure à la température de l'alliage à cœur, l'alliage eutectique en surface fond et forme un alliage de brasure d'assemblage étanche entre les deux plaques.By hot pressing two aluminum plates thus coated at a temperature above the melting point of the eutectic, but below the temperature of the core alloy, the eutectic alloy on the surface melts and forms a brazing alloy. tight assembly between the two plates.

Sur la figure 4, on peut voir un exemple de réalisation d'un caloduc C2 comportant deux premières plaques intercalaires 16 et une deuxième plaque intercalaire 14.On the figure 4 , one can see an exemplary embodiment of a heat pipe C2 comprising two first intermediate plates 16 and a second intermediate plate 14.

Sur les figures 5 et 6, on peut voir un caloduc C3 selon un autre exemple de réalisation. Le caloduc C3 comporte plusieurs canaux 108 disposés les uns à côtés des autres.On the figures 5 and 6 , we can see a C3 heat pipe according to another exemplary embodiment. The heat pipe C3 comprises several channels 108 arranged one beside the other.

Comme cela est particulièrement visible sur la figure 6, le caloduc C3 comporte deux plaques de fermeture 112, une pluralité de plaques empilées, les plaques intercalaires 114 et 116 comportent autant d'ouvertures que de canaux.As is particularly visible on the figure 6 , the heat pipe C3 comprises two closure plates 112, a plurality of stacked plates, the intermediate plates 114 and 116 have as many openings as there are channels.

Dans l'exemple représenté, toutes les deuxièmes plaques intercalaires 116 comportent les ouvertures les plus larges de sorte que les bords latéraux des ouvertures forment le fond des rainures et toutes les premières plaques intercalaires 114 comportent les ouvertures les plus étroites, de sorte que les faces des premières plaques forment les flancs latéraux des rainures.In the example shown, all of the second spacer plates 116 have the widest openings so that the side edges of the openings form the bottom of the grooves and all of the first spacer plates 114 have the narrowest openings, so that the sides first plates form the lateral flanks of the grooves.

En variante, des plaques intercalaires 114 pourraient comporter des ouvertures les plus larges et des ouvertures les plus étroites ainsi que les plaques 116.Alternatively, spacer plates 114 could have wider openings and narrower openings as well as plates 116.

Le caloduc C3 permet d'augmenter le flux de chaleur transmis et/ou la surface d'échange.The C3 heat pipe increases the heat flow transmitted and / or the exchange surface.

En variante, les différents canaux pourraient ne pas comporter le même nombre de rainures et/ou la même distribution des rainures.As a variant, the different channels could not have the same number of grooves and / or the same distribution of the grooves.

Dans les exemples décrits ci-dessus, les bords des ouvertures définissant les rainures sont droits et parallèles entre eux.In the examples described above, the edges of the openings defining the grooves are straight and parallel to each other.

Sur la figure 7A, on peut voir des premières plaques intercalaires 214 comportant des ouvertures 220 comprenant des bords latéraux 220.1 ondulés, et sur la figure 7B on peut voir des deuxièmes plaques intercalaires 216 comportant des ouvertures 218 à bords latéraux droits 218.1.On the figure 7A , we can see the first insert plates 214 having openings 220 comprising side edges 220.1 corrugated, and on the figure 7B one can see second intermediate plates 216 having openings 218 with straight lateral edges 218.1.

Sur la figure 8, on peut voir une vue éclatée du caloduc C4 avec plusieurs deuxièmes plaques intercalaires 216 alternant avec des premières plaques intercalaires 214 entre deux plaques d'extrémité 212.On the figure 8 , one can see an exploded view of the heat pipe C4 with several second intermediate plates 216 alternating with first intermediate plates 214 between two end plates 212.

Sur la figure 9, on peut voir une vue de détail d'un canal obtenu et d'une rainure 210. La rainure est ondulée dans le plan XY.On the figure 9 , we can see a detail view of a channel obtained and a groove 210. The groove is wavy in the XY plane.

Cette forme permet d'augmenter la longueur de la ligne triple, notamment dans la zone évaporateur, ce qui permet d'augmenter le coefficient d'échange en évaporation.This shape makes it possible to increase the length of the triple line, in particular in the evaporator zone, which makes it possible to increase the evaporative exchange coefficient.

Au niveau du condenseur, la forme ondulée permet d'obtenir des parois non mouillées par le film de condensation aux sommets des ondulations. Cela permet également d'augmenter le coefficient d'échange en condensation en minimisant la résistance d'interface du film de condensation.At the level of the condenser, the corrugated shape makes it possible to obtain walls not wetted by the condensation film at the tops of the corrugations. This also makes it possible to increase the condensation exchange coefficient by minimizing the interface resistance of the condensation film.

Dans cet exemple, le fond des rainures est droit. En variante, il peut également être ondulé.In this example, the bottom of the grooves is straight. Alternatively, it can also be corrugated.

Sur la figure 10, on peut voir une variante, dans lequel les bords 320.1 des ouvertures sont en dent de scie. Les rainures 310 sont également en dent de scie dans le plan XY. Comme pour les rainures de forme ondulée, les coefficients d'échange en condensation et en évaporation sont augmentés.On the figure 10 , we can see a variant, in which the edges 320.1 of the openings are sawtooth. The grooves 310 are also sawtooth in the XY plane. As with the corrugated grooves, the condensation and evaporation exchange coefficients are increased.

Il sera compris que toute autre forme est envisageable. Au vu du mode de réalisation des ouvertures, une grande liberté dans la forme des bords existe.It will be understood that any other form is possible. In view of the embodiment of the openings, great freedom in the shape of the edges exists.

Il peut même être envisagé de réaliser des rainures droites dans une face latérale du canal et des rainures ondulées dans l'autre face en regard.It can even be envisaged to produce straight grooves in one lateral face of the channel and corrugated grooves in the other facing face.

Selon un autre exemple, le canal présente une section autre que rectangulaire, elle est par exemple trapézoïdale.According to another example, the channel has a section other than rectangular, it is for example trapezoidal.

Dans les exemples décrits ci-dessus toutes les plaques ont les mêmes dimensions, il en résulte que le caloduc a une forme parallélépipédique. Selon un autre exemple, la surface des plaques peut varier. On peut envisager que la surface des plaques diminue dans la direction Z, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 11.In the examples described above all the plates have the same dimensions, it follows that the heat pipe has a parallelepipedal shape. According to another example, the surface of the plates can vary. It is conceivable that the surface of the plates decreases in the Z direction, as shown in the figure. figure 11 .

On peut également envisager que la largeur des plaques intercalaires soit variable le long de la direction X, par exemple pour réaliser un condenseur de plus grande surface que l'évaporateur comme cela est schématisé sur la figure 12 représentant une première plaque intercalaire 414. Les ouvertures sont conformées de sorte à couvrir toute la surface, elles ne sont pas parallèles.It is also conceivable that the width of the intermediate plates is variable along the direction X, for example to produce a condenser of more large surface area than the evaporator as shown schematically on the figure 12 showing a first intermediate plate 414. The openings are shaped so as to cover the entire surface, they are not parallel.

Dans un exemple, seule une des faces latérales du canal comporte des rainures. On peut envisager en outre un nombre de rainures différent entre les deux faces latérales. Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, les rainures 610 dans une face latérale sont décalées par rapport aux rainures dans l'autre face latérale comme cela est schématisé sur la figure 20. Cet exemple de réalisation permet d'utiliser le même type de tôle pour former toutes les plaques intercalaires, pour cela il suffit de retourner alternativement chaque plaque tête-bêche.In one example, only one of the side faces of the channel has grooves. A different number of grooves can also be envisaged between the two side faces. In another exemplary embodiment, the grooves 610 in one side face are offset with respect to the grooves in the other side face as shown schematically on the figure. figure 20 . This exemplary embodiment makes it possible to use the same type of sheet to form all the intermediate plates, for this it is sufficient to alternately turn each plate head to tail.

Selon un autre exemple, les rainures n'ont pas la même profondeur dans un même canal et/ou d'un canal à l'autre.According to another example, the grooves do not have the same depth in the same channel and / or from one channel to another.

Sur la figure 13 on peut voir un autre exemple de caloduc C5. Celui-ci est proche du caloduc C3, il comporte en outre des diffuseurs thermiques ou « spreader » en terminologie anglo-saxonne s'étendant parallèlement au plan XY. Dans cet exemple les diffuseurs thermiques sont d'un seul tenant avec les plaques de fermeture et s'étendent symétriquement de part et d'autre du canal. Ces diffuseurs ont pour effet d'étaler le flux de chaleur sur une zone plus large et d'augmenter l'efficacité globale du système thermique.On the figure 13 we can see another example of a C5 heat pipe. This is close to the C3 heat pipe, it further comprises thermal diffusers or “spreader” in English terminology extending parallel to the XY plane. In this example, the thermal diffusers are integral with the closure plates and extend symmetrically on either side of the channel. These diffusers have the effect of spreading the heat flow over a larger area and increasing the overall efficiency of the thermal system.

En variante, une seule des deux plaques de fermeture comporte des diffuseurs et/ou des diffuseurs ne sont prévus que d'un côté du plan XZ et/ou les diffuseurs présentent des surfaces différentes de part et d'autre du plan XZ. Il peut être envisagé que la taille du ou des diffuseurs se réduise par exemple dans la direction X.As a variant, only one of the two closure plates has diffusers and / or diffusers are provided only on one side of the XZ plane and / or the diffusers have different surfaces on either side of the XZ plane. It can be envisaged that the size of the diffuser (s) be reduced, for example in the X direction.

Sur la figure 14, on peut voir un autre exemple de réalisation dans lequel le caloduc C6 n'a pas une forme droite, il comporte deux portions droites D1 et D2 orientées à angle droit l'une par rapport à l'autre. En outre, les portions D1 et D2 s'étendent dans des plans orthogonaux. La portion D1 s'étend dans le plan XY et la portion D2 s'étend dans le plan XZ. L'orientation des portions D1 et D2 l'une par rapport à l'autre est par exemple obtenue par pliage après empilage des plaques et leur solidarisation. P1 désigne la pliure.On the figure 14 , one can see another exemplary embodiment in which the heat pipe C6 does not have a straight shape, it comprises two straight portions D1 and D2 oriented at right angles to one another. In addition, the portions D1 and D2 extend in orthogonal planes. The portion D1 extends in the XY plane and the portion D2 extends in the XZ plane. The orientation of the portions D1 and D2 with respect to each other is for example obtained by folding after stacking of the plates and their securing. P1 designates the fold.

Le caloduc C6 peut être conformé à l'application. Le caloduc peut comporter plusieurs pliures.The C6 heat pipe can be conformed to the application. The heat pipe may have several folds.

Dans cet exemple, la portion D1 forme l'évaporateur et la portion D2 forme le condenseur et est muni sur ses surfaces extérieures d'ailettes A1 formant un radiateur permettant d'évacuer la chaleur. Le radiateur est par exemple en convection naturelle ou en convection forcée. Dans cet exemple, les ailettes sont prévues sur les deux faces de grande surface du condenseur. En variante, des ailettes sur une seule surface pourraient être envisagées. Sur la figure 14, on peut voir un queusot Q de remplissage du caloduc C6.In this example, the portion D1 forms the evaporator and the portion D2 forms the condenser and is provided on its outer surfaces with fins A1 forming a radiator making it possible to evacuate the heat. The radiator is for example in natural convection or in forced convection. In this example, the fins are provided on the two large surface faces of the condenser. Alternatively, fins on a single surface could be considered. On the figure 14 , we can see a Q filling of the C6 heat pipe.

Dans cet exemple, les ailettes comportent des plaques planes perpendiculaires aux faces du condenseur. Toute autre forme est envisageable.In this example, the fins have flat plates perpendicular to the faces of the condenser. Any other form is possible.

Il sera compris qu'un caloduc tel que celui de la figure 1A pourrait être courbé au lieu d'être rectiligne sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.It will be understood that a heat pipe such as that of the figure 1A could be curved instead of straight without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Sur les figures 15A à 15F sont représentées des ailettes plissées selon d'autres exemples de réalisation applicables à la présente invention.On the figures 15A to 15F shown are pleated fins according to other exemplary embodiments applicable to the present invention.

Selon d'autres exemples, les ailettes sont des ailettes extrudées, des ailettes skivées, des ailettes picots, des ailettes moulées, ailettes fixées par moletage, ailettes réalisées par impression 3D, ou tout autre ailette obtenue par une technique de réalisation d'extension de surface bien connue de l'homme du métier.According to other examples, the fins are extruded fins, skived fins, pin fins, molded fins, fins fixed by knurling, fins produced by 3D printing, or any other fin obtained by a technique for producing extension of surface well known to those skilled in the art.

En variante, un circuit de refroidissement est intégré directement dans le caloduc C7 comme cela est représenté sur la figure 16.As a variant, a cooling circuit is integrated directly into the heat pipe C7 as shown in the figure. figure 16 .

Le caloduc comporte un circuit de refroidissement 524 dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur. Le circuit de refroidissement est directement en contact avec le condenseur. Dans l'exemple représenté, le circuit de refroidissement 524 est formé par une plaque supplémentaire 526, dans laquelle sont réalisées des rainures 528 définissant les parois latérales du circuit, et la plaque de fermeture 512 et une plaque de fermeture supplémentaire 530 forment les parois d'extrémité du circuit de refroidissement. La plaque de fermeture supplémentaire 530 comporte deux orifices 532 débouchant chacun à une extrémité du circuit et permettant la circulation du fluide caloporteur.The heat pipe comprises a cooling circuit 524 in which a heat transfer fluid circulates. The cooling circuit is in direct contact with the condenser. In the example shown, the cooling circuit 524 is formed by an additional plate 526, in which are formed grooves 528 defining the side walls of the circuit, and the closure plate 512 and an additional closure plate 530 form the walls d end of the cooling circuit. The additional closure plate 530 has two orifices 532 each opening at one end of the circuit and allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.

Le fluide caloporteur peut être un liquide ou un gaz.The heat transfer fluid can be a liquid or a gas.

Selon un autre exemple, il s'agit d'un circuit diphasique.According to another example, it is a two-phase circuit.

Un tel circuit peut être également utilisé pour former la source de chaleur au niveau de l'évaporateur.Such a circuit can also be used to form the heat source at the evaporator.

Nous allons maintenant comparer les performances d'un caloduc selon l'invention et un caloduc à pompage capillaire de l'état de la technique.We will now compare the performance of a heat pipe according to the invention and a capillary pumping heat pipe of the state of the art.

On considère un caloduc de l'état de la technique cylindrique obtenu par extrusion et comportant des rainures longitudinales 610, tel que représenté sur la figure 17A.We consider a heat pipe of the prior art cylindrical obtained by extrusion and comprising longitudinal grooves 610, as shown in Figure figure 17A .

Chaque caloduc présente une longueur de l'évaporateur de 50 mm, une longueur de la zone adiabatique de 100 mm, une longueur du condenseur de 110 mm
Chaque caloduc est réalisé en cuivre. La température dans la zone adiabatique du caloduc est 60°C ; i.e. la température moyenne vapeur du caloduc.Each heat pipe has an evaporator length of 50 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 100 mm, a condenser length of 110 mm
Each heat pipe is made of copper. The temperature in the adiabatic zone of the heat pipe is 60 ° C; ie the average vapor temperature of the heat pipe.

Le caloduc de l'état de la technique présente les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Diamètre intérieur Di : 10 mm
  • Diamètre extérieur De : 12 mm
  • Largeur de rainure Le: 0,5 mm
  • Profondeur de rainure Pe : 0,5 mm
  • Nombre de rainures : 44
The heat pipe of the state of the art has the following characteristics:
  • Internal diameter Di: 10 mm
  • External diameter From: 12 mm
  • Groove width Le: 0.5 mm
  • Groove depth Pe: 0.5 mm
  • Number of grooves: 44

Le caloduc selon l'invention présente les caractéristiques suivantes (figure 17B) :

  • Largeur extérieure Le: 12 mm
  • Hauteur extérieure He: 12 mm
  • Largeur de rainures L : 0,5 mm
  • Profondeur rainures P: 2 mm
  • Nombre de rainures : 15.
The heat pipe according to the invention has the following characteristics ( figure 17B ):
  • External width Le: 12 mm
  • External height He: 12 mm
  • Groove width L: 0.5 mm
  • P groove depth: 2 mm
  • Number of grooves: 15.

Sur la figure 18, on peut voir la variation de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de l'angle d'inclinaison α du caloduc en °, i.e. l'inclinaison de l'axe X par rapport à la direction horizontale. La courbe I correspond à l'invention et la courbe II au caloduc selon l'état de la technique. Les valeurs d'inclinaison négatives correspondent à des positions du caloduc dans lesquelles l'évaporateur est au-dessus du condenseur. Le fluide est de l'eau.On the figure 18 , we can see the variation of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the angle of inclination α of the heat pipe in °, ie the inclination of the axis X with respect to the horizontal direction. Curve I corresponds to the invention and curve II to heat pipe according to the state of the art. Negative tilt values correspond to heat pipe positions where the evaporator is above the condenser. The fluid is water.

On constate que le caloduc selon l'invention est plus performant que le caloduc de l'état de la technique, quelle que soit l'inclinaison du caloduc.It is observed that the heat pipe according to the invention is more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the inclination of the heat pipe.

Sur la figure 19, on peut voir puissance maximale P en Watt en fonction de la température T en °C. La courbe I' correspond à l'invention et la courbe II' au caloduc selon l'état de la technique. Le fluide est de l'acétone. L'angle d'inclinaison par rapport à l'horizontal est nul.On the figure 19 , we can see the maximum power P in Watt as a function of the temperature T in ° C. Curve I 'corresponds to the invention and curve II' to the heat pipe according to the state of the art. The fluid is acetone. The angle of inclination relative to the horizontal is zero.

On constate que le caloduc selon l'invention est plus performant que le caloduc de l'état de la technique, quelle que soit la température du caloduc.It is observed that the heat pipe according to the invention is more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.

Il sera compris que les différents exemples et variantes de réalisation ne sont pas exclusifs les uns des autres et peuvent être combinés tout ou en partie.It will be understood that the different examples and variant embodiments are not mutually exclusive and can be combined in whole or in part.

Un exemple de procédé de réalisation va maintenant être décrit.An exemplary production method will now be described.

Des plaques en un matériau donné sont découpées suivant la forme extérieure souhaitée pour le caloduc.Plates of a given material are cut to the desired outer shape for the heat pipe.

Lors d'une étape suivante, les ouvertures sont réalisées dans toutes les plaques intercalaires. Les ouvertures sont réalisées par exemple par poinçonnage, découpe laser, par découpe au jet d'eau ou par gravure chimique traversante...des ouvertures de dimensions différentes son réalisées dans les différentes plaques de sorte qu'une fois assemblées des rainures sont formées.In a following step, the openings are made in all the intermediate plates. The openings are made for example by punching, laser cutting, by water jet cutting or by through chemical etching ... openings of different dimensions are made in the different plates so that once assembled grooves are formed.

Les plaques sont ensuite empilées de sorte à délimiter les rainures, des plaques de fermeture sont disposées aux extrémités de l'empilement pour fermer le ou les canaux. Eventuellement des canaux de refroidissement sont prévus sur un ou les deux faces de l'empilement.The plates are then stacked so as to delimit the grooves, closure plates are placed at the ends of the stack to close the channel or channels. Optionally, cooling channels are provided on one or both sides of the stack.

Les plaques sont assemblées, la technique d'assemblage étant choisie en fonction du ou des matériaux des plaques, par exemple soudage, brasage, collage...l'assemblage des plaques est étanche.The plates are assembled, the assembly technique being chosen as a function of the material (s) of the plates, for example welding, brazing, gluing, etc., the assembly of the plates is sealed.

Le caloduc est ensuite rempli. Un orifice de remplissage a été ménagé dans une des plaques d'ouverture lors de la fabrication des plaques. Le fluide est choisi en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du caloduc (température de fonctionnement...) et de la compatibilité avec le ou les matériaux du caloduc.The heat pipe is then filled. A filling orifice was made in one of the opening plates during the manufacture of the plates. The fluid is chosen according to the operating conditions of the heat pipe (operating temperature, etc.) and the compatibility with the material (s) of the heat pipe.

Claims (12)

  1. A capillary pumping heat pipe comprising a channel and at least one groove opening into the channel, said heat pipe comprising a first end (4) for being heated and a second end (6) for being cooled, and a sealed enclosure (2) extending between the first end (4) and the second end (6), the enclosure comprising a stack of plates, said stack including two closing plates (12), and dividing plates (14, 16, 216, 214) between the closing plates (12), each dividing plate (14, 16, 216, 214) including at least one opening the edges of which partly delimit a channel (8), and wherein the openings of at least three dividing plates (14, 16, 216, 214) are dimensioned such that they delimit at least one groove (10, 210) extending between the first end (4) and the second end (6) of the heat pipe, said groove (10, 210) having a width in a stack direction lower than or equal to the depth in the plane direction of the plates (14, 16, 216, 214), the heat pipe being characterised in that, among the three dividing plates (14, 16), one is disposed between both other dividing plates and is in mechanical contact with both other dividing plates and wherein at least one edge of the opening of the dividing plate (216) disposed between both other dividing plates (214) forms the bottom of at least one groove (210) in the plane direction, each face of the groove in the stack direction being defined by a dividing plate different from the dividing plate defining the bottom of the groove in the plane direction.
  2. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the depth to the width of the groove (10) is between 1 and 80.
  3. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each dividing plate includes p openings so that the stack of the plates delimits p channels.
  4. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the edges (220.1) of the openings of both other dividing plates (214) delimiting the groove (210) are corrugated or saw-toothed.
  5. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of the previous claims, wherein the channel (10) includes two side faces (8.1, 8.2), said three dividing plates delimiting a groove (10) in each side face (8.1, 8.2).
  6. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dividing plates include n first dividing plates (14) and n+1 second dividing plates (16), the n first dividing plates (14) each including at least one opening having a width L1, the n+1 second dividing plates (16) each including at least one opening having a width L2, the width L1 being greater than the width L2, and each first dividing plate (14) being accommodated between two second dividing plates (16), each pair of first successive dividing plates (16) defining with a second dividing plate (16) disposed between the first dividing plates (14) of said pair, two facing grooves (10).
  7. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 6, including heat exchanging means at the first end and/or second end.
  8. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to claim 7, wherein the heat exchanging means at the second end include one or more fins (A1) in thermal contact with at least one of the closing plates.
  9. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the heat exchanging means (524) include a fluid circuit in thermal contact with at least one of the end plates, said circuit being formed by a structured plate (526) so as to delimit channels (528), said channels (528) being closed by said closing plate and a further closing plate (530), the heat exchanging means also including means (532) for supplying said fluid circuit with coolant.
  10. The capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the end plates has a surface area greater than that of the dividing plates in a direction transverse to the stack so as to form thermal diffusers (120).
  11. A method for manufacturing a capillary pumping heat pipe according to one of the previous claims, said method including, from plates of given external dimensions:
    - making at least one opening into each of the plates,
    stacking said plates so that the openings delimit a channel and at least three dividing plates delimit at least one groove extending between the first end and the second end, the stacking being such that, among the three dividing plates (14, 16), one is disposed between both other dividing plates and is in mechanical contact with both other dividing plates and that at least one edge of the opening of the dividing plate (216) disposed between both other dividing plates (214) forms the bottom of at least one groove (210) in the plane direction, each face of the groove in the stack direction being defined by a dividing plate different from the dividing plate defining the bottom of the groove in the plane direction,
    - placing closing plates at the ends of the stack in the stack direction,
    - securing said plates so as to delimit a sealed enclosure,
    - partially filling the channel with a fluid in liquid form and sealingly closing the channel.
  12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the plates include an aluminium alloy therewithin and on its outer faces, a eutectic aluminium alloy with a melting point lower than that of the aluminium alloy therewithin, and wherein securing is achieved through eutectic soldering.
EP19168582.5A 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Heat pipe with capillary pumping with improved operation Active EP3561428B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1853173A FR3080171A1 (en) 2018-04-11 2018-04-11 CAPILLARY PUMP HEATING PUMP WITH IMPROVED OPERATION

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3561428A1 EP3561428A1 (en) 2019-10-30
EP3561428B1 true EP3561428B1 (en) 2020-11-04

Family

ID=62684913

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19168582.5A Active EP3561428B1 (en) 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Heat pipe with capillary pumping with improved operation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3561428B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3080171A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111757634B (en) * 2019-03-29 2023-11-14 台达电子工业股份有限公司 heat transfer device
CN113301777B (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-12-02 江西新菲新材料有限公司 Vapor chamber, method for manufacturing vapor chamber, and electronic apparatus
FR3138942A1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Capillary pumping type heat pipe, with reentrant grooves integrating at least one porous substrate into the evaporator.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7051793B1 (en) * 1998-04-20 2006-05-30 Jurgen Schulz-Harder Cooler for electrical components
US6843308B1 (en) * 2000-12-01 2005-01-18 Atmostat Etudes Et Recherches Heat exchanger device using a two-phase active fluid, and a method of manufacturing such a device
JP5455503B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2014-03-26 モレックス インコーポレイテド Heat transport unit, electronic equipment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3561428A1 (en) 2019-10-30
FR3080171A1 (en) 2019-10-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3553445B1 (en) Improved heat pipe with capillar structures having reentering slots
EP3561428B1 (en) Heat pipe with capillary pumping with improved operation
EP2032928B1 (en) Hollow platelet heat exchangers
EP0447528B1 (en) Condenser for motor vehicle
EP2912396B1 (en) Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle
EP1063486B1 (en) Plate heat exchanger, especially oil cooler for motor vehicles
EP0567393B1 (en) High thermal performance plate evaporator working under nucleate boiling conditions
EP2810009B1 (en) Cooling radiator for a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle
EP3553444B1 (en) Improved heat pipe
EP3645184A1 (en) Tube for a heat exchanger having disturbance device
WO2023066753A1 (en) Capillary-pumped-type heat pipe with reentrant grooves, having improved liquid management
EP3553443A1 (en) Thermosiphon and pulsed heat pipe with simplified production
EP4325156A1 (en) Heat pipe of the capillary pumping type, with re-entrant grooves including at least one substrate porous at the evaporator
FR3138941A1 (en) Capillary pumping type heat pipe, with reentrant grooves transverse to the longitudinal axis of the heat pipe.
WO2023066754A1 (en) Capillary-pumped-type heat pipe with re-entrant grooves, having increased boiling and capillary limits
WO2023066755A1 (en) Capillary-pumped-type heat pipe with re-entrant grooves, having increased thermal conductivity
EP3207326B1 (en) Heat exchanger
FR3138943A1 (en) Heat pipe with non-cylindrical cross section, including an evaporator with improved vapor/liquid interface structure to increase the boiling limit.
WO2010046258A1 (en) Heat exchanger with stacked plates
FR3100058A1 (en) Heat exchanger in particular for a motor vehicle and method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger
FR3066812A1 (en) AIL FOR HEAT EXCHANGER INCLUDING TWO SCRATCHES
FR2991760A1 (en) Heat exchanger for heat exchange between air and glycol-water in car, has collector including branches arranged between ends of two adjacent heat exchange tubes, so that thickness of branches defines space between adjacent tubes
FR2941394A1 (en) Collector plate manufacturing method for e.g. recirculated exhaust gas cooler, in cooling radiator of motor vehicle, involves embossing metallic plate to form recesses, and stamping recesses to form openings bordered by collars

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20190411

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20200529

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1331378

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20201115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602019001177

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20201104

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1331378

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20201104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210304

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210204

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210304

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602019001177

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20210805

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210411

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20210430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210411

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210304

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220430

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20190411

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230424

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230418

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20230419

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230421

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201104