EP3555328A1 - Aluminium-alumina composite material and production method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminium-alumina composite material and production method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP3555328A1 EP3555328A1 EP17821684.2A EP17821684A EP3555328A1 EP 3555328 A1 EP3555328 A1 EP 3555328A1 EP 17821684 A EP17821684 A EP 17821684A EP 3555328 A1 EP3555328 A1 EP 3555328A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- composite material
- aluminum alloy
- layer
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1084—Alloys containing non-metals by mechanical alloying (blending, milling)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material based on aluminum and alumina, to its manufacturing method and a cable comprising said composite material as an electrically conductive element.
- low-voltage in particular less than 6kV
- medium-voltage in particular 6 to 45-60 kV
- high-voltage especially greater than 60 kV
- the invention relates to an electrical cable having good mechanical properties, especially in terms of tensile strength and good electrical properties, especially in terms of electrical conductivity.
- US Pat. No. 6,245,425 has described a process for preparing an aluminum-alumina composite material, especially in the form of a continuous wire, comprising a step impregnating a fibrous material made of polycrystalline alumina fibers ( ⁇ - ⁇ 2 0 3 ) with molten aluminum and a step in which the impregnated fibrous material coated with molten aluminum is solidified.
- the impregnation is carried out continuously with a suitable device emitting ultrasound or with the aid of a mold under high pressure.
- the composite material obtained comprises from 30 to 70% by volume of fibers of alumina and has a tensile strength greater than or equal to 1.38 GPa.
- said composite material has too low electrical conductivity (eg about 30% IACS) unsuitable for application in the field of cables, and mechanical strength too high to be easily handled.
- the process for obtaining said material uses expensive raw materials.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum-based composite material having improved electrical conductivity and optimized mechanical strength so that it can be easily handled for use in the field of cables, particularly as an electrically conductive element. an energy and / or telecommunications cable.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and economical method for preparing such a composite material.
- the invention therefore has for its first object a composite material comprising an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and alumina particles dispersed in said aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix.
- the composite material of the invention has improved electrical conductivity and mechanical strength optimized for easy handling, in particular for use in the field of cables, in particular as an electrically conductive element of an energy cable and / or telecommunications.
- the composite material preferably comprises from about 1 to about 10,000 ppm of alumina, and preferably from about 100 to about 5000 ppm of alumina.
- ppm means "part per million” and relates to a mass fraction.
- the composite material preferably has an electrical conductivity of at least about 45% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), more preferably at least 50% IACS, and still more preferably at least about 55% IACS.
- IACS International Annealed Copper Standard
- the composite material preferably has a strength tensile strength ranging from about 70 to 500 MPa, and more preferably from about 130 to 400 MPa.
- the composite material preferably comprises alumina particles uniformly dispersed in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix.
- the alumina particles of the composite material preferably have an irregular and / or random shape.
- the alumina particles are in the form of needles or plates or comprise particles of alumina in the form of needles or plates.
- the alumina particles are not spherical.
- the alumina particles preferably have a thickness (the thickness being defined as the smallest dimension of each of said particles) of at least about 0.1 pm, and preferably at least about 0.5 pm.
- the alumina particles have a mean size ranging from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m. about, and more preferably about 1 to 10 pm.
- the average size of the alumina particles is measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- the composite material has a porosity of at most about 1% by volume, and preferably it is non-porous.
- the aluminum content of the aluminum alloy of the matrix may be at least 80% by weight, and preferably at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aluminum alloy .
- the aluminum alloy can be chosen from aluminum alloys of the 1000 series (ie at least 99% of aluminum), 5000 (ie comprising at least less magnesium), 6000 (ie comprising at least magnesium and silicon) and 8000 (ie comprising less than 99% aluminum).
- the aluminum alloy may further comprise one or more unavoidable impurities.
- alloys AI1120, AI1370 AI6101, AI6201, AI8030, AI8076 and thermal alloys may be mentioned.
- the composite material does not comprise alumina fibers.
- the composite material is not too rigid and can be easily handled, especially for use in the field of cables.
- the composite material of the invention is free of organic polymer (s). Indeed, the presence of organic polymers can degrade its electrical properties, including its electrical conductivity.
- the composite material is preferably made solely of the aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and alumina particles dispersed in said aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix.
- the composite material of the invention is preferably in the form of a solid mass.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a process for preparing a composite material comprising an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and alumina particles dispersed in said aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix, characterized in that it includes at least the following steps:
- a composite material comprising alumina particles dispersed in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix can be easily formed, while having good mechanical properties, especially in terms of mechanical tensile strength, and electrical conductivity, in particular due to the homogeneous dispersion of alumina particles in the aluminum matrix or aluminum alloy. Moreover, it makes it possible to avoid any manipulation of metal powder and / or metal oxide. The process is simple, easy to implement and economical.
- the elongate electrically conductive element or elements used in step i) generally have a diameter ranging from 1 to 20 mm approximately.
- the elongated electrically conductive element (s) used in step i) are in the form of solid mass (es).
- the elongate electrically conductive member (s) used in step i) are generally anodized machine wires.
- the hydrated alumina layer is a layer of alumina hydroxide or aluminum oxide hydroxide.
- the hydrated alumina layer may be a layer of alumina monohydrate or a layer of alumina polyhydrate such as for example a layer of alumina trihydrate.
- a layer of alumina monohydrate there may be mentioned a layer of boehmite, which is the gamma polymorph of AlO (OH) or Al 2 O 3. H2O; or diaspore, which is the alpha polymorph of AIO (OH) or
- alumina trihydrate layer there may be mentioned a gibbsite or hydrargillite layer, which is the gamma polymorph of AI (OH) 3 ; a layer of bayerite which is the alpha polymorph of Al (OH) 3 ; or a layer of nordstrandite, which is the beta polymorph of AI (OH) 3 .
- the hydrated alumina layer is directly in physical contact with the elongated electrically conductive member of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- the hydrated alumina layer may have a thickness of from about 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and preferably from about 4 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the molten aluminum or the molten aluminum alloy of step i) is brought to a temperature ranging from about 660 ° C. to 900 ° C., and preferably from 660 ° C. to 760 ° C. ° C approx.
- Step i) can be carried out according to any of the following methods:
- the elongate electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina is coated with at least one layer of molten aluminum or an alloy of aluminum. molten aluminum surrounding the hydrated alumina layer.
- Step i) carried out by pouring molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy onto said elongated electrically conductive element may comprise the following sub-steps (non-continuous process): ia) placing at least one elongated electrically conductive member of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina in a container, and
- the container may be a mold, and in particular a cylindrical mold.
- Step i) performed by non-continuous casting is particularly suitable when several elongated electrically conductive elements of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a hydrated alumina layer are used. They are then for example placed in a container as defined in the invention, and then the aluminum or molten aluminum alloy is cast on all elongated electrically conductive elements contained in said container.
- Step i) carried out by casting molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy on said elongated electrically conductive element may comprise the following substeps (continuous process):
- Step i) performed by continuously passing said elongated electrically conductive element through a bath of molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy may comprise the following substeps: iA) placing at least one elongated electrically conductive element aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a hydrated alumina layer in a device comprising at least one tank intended to contain a bath of molten aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy and means conveying means for conveying said elongated electrically conductive element to said vessel, and
- Stage i) carried out by "dip forming” may be implemented with one or more elongated electrically conductive elements made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina.
- Step ii) is a solidification step.
- Step ii) is generally carried out in air, in particular at about 20 ° C.
- the solid mass obtained at the end of step ii) can be of monoblock type such as for example a bar or a solid cylinder.
- step ii) may consist in removing from the container said at least one elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated and coated alumina. of aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy obtained at the end of step i), then to cool to obtain a solid mass.
- step ii) may consist in cooling said at least one elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of alumina hydrated and coated with aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy obtained at the end of step i), directly at the outlet of the casting wheel, in particular by means of cooling means, for to obtain a solid mass.
- the cooling can also take place later in a rolling mill, in particular in the presence of water and possibly lubricants.
- step ii) may consist in cooling said at least one electrically conductive element elongate aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina and coated with aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy obtained at the end of step i), directly at the outlet of the tank, in particular using cooling means contained in the device as defined above, to obtain a solid mass.
- the cooling can also take place later in a rolling mill, in particular in the presence of water and possibly lubricants.
- Step iii) is a deformation step of the solid mass which makes it possible to break the layer of hydrated alumina.
- step iii) makes it possible to break all the layers of hydrated alumina.
- Step iii) may be a rolling or extrusion step.
- step iii) is a rolling step, it is generally carried out in the cold, in particular at a temperature ranging from about 5 to 40 ° C., or when it is hot, particularly at a temperature ranging from 40 to 600 ° C.
- step iii) is an extrusion step, it is generally carried out at a temperature ranging from about 20 to 650 ° C.
- Extrusion can be direct, indirect or isostatic.
- Step iii) of rolling is particularly suitable when step i) is carried out according to a continuous process, that is to say by continuously passing said at least one elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. comprising a layer of alumina hydrated through a bath of molten aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy ("dip forming") or by continuous casting of molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy on minus an elongated electrically conductive element of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina placed on a casting wheel.
- steps i), ii) and iii) can then be performed continuously.
- the "dip forming" device as defined above may further comprise rolling means (e.g. rolling mill) disposed after the cooling means as defined above.
- rolling means e.g. rolling mill
- the solid mass can then be fed to said rolling means arranged after the cooling means to perform step iii).
- Step iii) of extrusion in particular of direct, indirect or isostatic extrusion, is particularly suitable when step i) is carried out by casting molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy on said at least one element.
- electrically conductive elongated aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a hydrated alumina layer placed in a container (non-continuous process).
- a composite material with a diameter ranging from about 2 to about 350 mm can thus be obtained.
- the composite material is generally of elongate shape.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to form in three stages a composite material comprising an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and alumina particles uniformly distributed in said matrix.
- the method may further comprise a step iv) of shaping the composite material obtained in the preceding step iii), in order to obtain a composite material having the desired dimensions and shape.
- Stage iv) can in particular comprise the following step (s): a spinning step and / or a drawing step and / or a rolling step and / or a conforming extrusion (ie continuous extrusion) step of the composite material of step iii).
- Step iv) can be carried out at a temperature of at most about 80 ° C.
- step i) When step i) is carried out by "dip forming” or by continuous casting (ie with a casting wheel) and step iii) by rolling, step iv) preferably comprises a drawing step and / or a conforming type extrusion step.
- step iv) preferably comprises a rolling step and / or drawing and / or conforming extrusion.
- the method may further comprise after step iii) or step iv), a step v) of heating.
- This step notably makes it possible to increase the mechanical elongation of the composite material of step iii) or step iv).
- annealing step also known as the “annealing step”.
- the annealing step makes it possible to increase the mechanical elongation of a metal element by heating it, and thus to be able to easily deform it once annealed.
- step v) is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 200 ° C. to about 500 ° C.
- step v) varies from
- the heating step v) is intended to soften the composite material of step iii) or step iv), that is to say to eliminate a part of the deformation caused in particular by step iii) or iv) (eg drawing), without modifying the structure of the composite material obtained at the end of step iii).
- step v) may lead to an elongate electrically conductive member having an elongation at break of from about 5 to about 50 percent, and preferably from about 20 to about 40 percent.
- the heating according to step v) can be carried out using an oven electric furnace (ie resistance furnace) and / or an induction furnace and / or a gas furnace.
- an oven electric furnace ie resistance furnace
- an induction furnace ie resistance furnace
- a gas furnace ie resistance furnace
- the method of the invention further comprises, before step i), a step i 0 ) of forming the hydrated alumina layer.
- This step can be performed by chemical conversion.
- stage i 0 of the process is carried out by anodization.
- Anodizing is a surface treatment which enables the hydrated alumina layer to be formed by anodic oxidation from an elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. Thus, the anodizing will consume a portion of the elongated electrically conductive member to form said hydrated alumina layer.
- the hydrated alumina layer is formed from the surface of the electrically conductive element elongated towards the core of said elongated electrically conductive element, in contrast to an electrolytic deposition.
- Anodizing is conventionally based on the principle of electrolysis of water. It consists of immersing the elongated electrically conductive element in an anodizing bath, said elongated electrically conductive element being placed at the positive pole of a DC generator.
- the anodizing bath is more particularly an acid bath, preferably a phosphoric acid bath or a sulfuric acid bath. These are respectively phosphoric anodizing or sulfuric anodizing.
- the electrolytic parameters are imposed by a current density and a conductivity of the bath.
- the current density is preferably set at about 55 to 65 A / dm 2
- the voltage is set from 20 to about 21 V
- the intensity is fixed from 280 to 350 A approximately.
- the hydrated alumina layer formed after the anodization is porous.
- the applied current density ensures that a sufficient amount of pores has been formed.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise at least one of the following steps, prior to step i 0 ):
- step a) and step b) can be carried out concomitantly.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise the following step, prior to step i 0 ):
- the method according to the invention may comprise said three steps a), b) and c), step c) being performed after steps a) and b).
- the purpose of the degreasing step a) is to eliminate the various bodies and particles contained in the greases that may be present on the surface of the elongated electrically conductive element.
- the degreasing step a) can be carried out by at least partially immersing the elongate electrically conductive element in a solution comprising at least one surfactant as a degreasing agent.
- the etching step b) serves to remove the oxides that may be present on the surface of the elongated electrically conductive element. he There are several methods of stripping: chemical, electrolytic or mechanical.
- a chemical etching consisting in removing the oxides by dissolving or even bursting the oxide layer, without attacking the material of the underlying elongate electrically conductive element.
- the etching step b) can be carried out by at least partially immersing the elongate electrically conductive element in a solution comprising a base as a etchant.
- step a) and step b) are performed concomitantly, a single solution comprising a degreasing agent and a etchant may be used to both etch and degrease the elongate electrically conductive member.
- the neutralization step c) makes it possible to condition the elongated electrically conductive element before step i 0 ).
- the step c) of neutralization consists in conditioning the elongate electrically conductive element by dipping it at least partially in a solution identical to the anodizing bath provided for in FIG. step i 0 ), in order to bring the surface of the electrically conductive element elongated to the same pH as the anodizing bath of step i 0 ).
- the neutralization step c) can be carried out by at least partially immersing the elongated electrically conductive element in a solution comprising an acid as a neutralizing agent.
- said elongated electrically conductive element it is preferable first of all to strip and degrease said elongated electrically conductive element, by dipping it in a solution of sodium hydroxide and surfactants, such as, for example, the solution GARDOCLEAN referenced by the company CHEMETALL (30-50 g / L of sodium hydroxide), in particular at a temperature ranging from 40 to 60 ° C., for a period of about 30 seconds. Then, said elongated electrically conductive element can be immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid (20% by weight of sulfuric acid in distilled water) to perform the step c) of neutralization, preferably at room temperature (ie 25 ° C), for 10 seconds.
- a solution of sodium hydroxide and surfactants such as, for example, the solution GARDOCLEAN referenced by the company CHEMETALL (30-50 g / L of sodium hydroxide), in particular at a temperature ranging from 40 to 60 ° C., for a period of about 30
- Step i 0 can then be performed.
- an elongated electrically conductive element of aluminum alloy for example of diameter 3 mm, can be anodized by forming a layer of hydrated alumina all around said elongate electrically conductive element, by sulfuric anodizing (20 to 30 mm). % by weight of sulfuric acid in distilled water) at a temperature of 30 ° C, or by phosphoric anodization (8 to 30% by weight of phosphoric acid in distilled water) at room temperature (ie ° C), under the application of a current density between 55 and 65 A / dm 2 . Said elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum alloy is thus covered with a layer of hydrated alumina.
- the hydrated alumina layer obtained after step i 0 ) can be porous.
- the pores are optionally arranged substantially uniformly (or homogeneously) all along the outer surface of the alumina layer, and they may all have substantially the same dimensions.
- the method according to the invention further comprises, after step i 0 ), and in particular anodizing, the following step:
- Step ii) makes it possible to improve the compactness of the hydrated alumina layer.
- Step ii) all the pores on the surface of the hydrated alumina layer are capped.
- Step ii) may for example be performed by hydrating said elongate electrically conductive member by immersing said elongate electrically conductive member in boiling water or hot water.
- the clogging may be carried out in water optionally with an additive, for example nickel salt at a temperature above 80 ° C, preferably between 90 and 95 ° C.
- an additive for example nickel salt at a temperature above 80 ° C, preferably between 90 and 95 ° C.
- said elongated electrically conductive element obtained after step i 0 ) or said elongated electrically conductive element obtained after step ii), is rinsed with osmosis water.
- the third subject of the present invention is a composite material obtained according to the process according to the second subject of the invention.
- the composite material obtained according to the process according to the second subject of the invention may be a composite material as defined in the first subject of the invention.
- the present invention also has for fourth object an electrical cable comprising at least one composite material according to the first subject of the invention or obtained according to the method according to the second subject of the invention.
- the cable has improved mechanical and electrical properties.
- the composite material is used as an elongated electrically conductive member in said cable.
- the composite material may be in the form of a composite strand of round, trapezoidal or Z-shaped cross section.
- the cable comprises a plurality of composite strands, and preferably an assembly of composite strands.
- This assembly can in particular form at least one layer of the continuous envelope type, for example of circular or oval cross-section or still square.
- the cable may be an OHL cable.
- it may comprise an elongated reinforcing member, preferably a central one, said assembly being positionable around the elongated reinforcing member.
- the composite strands When the composite strands are of round cross section, they can have a diameter ranging from 2.25 mm to 4.75 mm. When the strands are of non-round cross section, their equivalent diameter in round section can also range from 2.25 mm to 4.75 mm.
- the elongate reinforcing member is surrounded by at least one layer of a composite strand assembly.
- the composite strands constituting at least one layer of an assembly of composite strands are capable of conferring on said layer a substantially regular surface, each constituent strand of the layer possibly having a cross-section of shape complementary to the x) strand (s) which is / are adjacent to it (s).
- each constituent strand of the layer may in particular have a cross section of shape complementary to the (x) strand (s) which is / are adjacent thereto ( s) "is understood to mean that: the juxtaposition or the interlocking of all the constituent strands of the layer forms a continuous envelope (without irregularities), for example of circular or oval or square section.
- the Z-shaped or trapezoid-shaped cross-section strands make it possible to obtain a regular envelope, unlike the strands. of round cross section.
- strands of Z-shaped cross-section are preferred.
- said layer formed by the assembly of the composite strands has a ring-shaped cross section.
- the elongated reinforcing member may be typically a composite or metallic member.
- a composite or metallic member By way of example, mention may be made of steel strands or composite strands of aluminum in an organic matrix.
- the composite strands may be twisted around the elongate reinforcing member, especially when the cable comprises an assembly of composite strands.
- the electrical cable of the invention comprises at least one electrically insulating layer surrounding said composite material or the plurality of composite materials, said electrically insulating layer comprising at least one polymeric material.
- the polymer material of the electrically insulating layer of the cable of the invention may be chosen from crosslinked and non-crosslinked polymers, polymers of the inorganic type and of the organic type.
- the polymeric material of the electrically insulating layer may be a homo- or co-polymer having thermoplastic and / or elastomeric properties.
- the polymers of the inorganic type may be polyorganosiloxanes.
- the organic type polymers may be polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls or halogenated polymers such as fluorinated polymers (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) or chlorinated polymers (e.g., polyvinyl chloride PVC).
- fluorinated polymers e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE
- chlorinated polymers e.g., polyvinyl chloride PVC
- the polyolefins may be chosen from ethylene and propylene polymers.
- ethylene polymers Linear Low Density Polyethylenes (LLDPE), Low Density Polyethylenes (LDPE), Medium Density Polyethylenes (MDPE), High Density Polyethylenes (HDPE), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymers, Copolymers D ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethyl acrylate (2HEA), copolymers of ethylene and alpha-olefins such as for example polyethylene-octene ( PEO), copolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPR), copolymers of ethylene / ethyl acrylate (EEA), or terpolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPT) such as for example terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).
- LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylenes
- the electric cable according to the invention may be an electric cable type energy cable.
- the cable of the invention may comprise a composite material according to the first subject of the invention or obtained according to the method according to the second subject of the invention, a first semiconductor layer surrounding said composite material, an electrically layer insulation surrounding the first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer.
- the electrically insulating layer is as defined above.
- the first semiconductor layer, the electrically insulating layer and the second semiconductor layer constitute a three-layer insulation.
- the electrically insulating layer is in direct physical contact with the first semiconductor layer
- the second semiconductor layer is in direct physical contact with the electrically insulating layer.
- the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semiconductor layer.
- This metal screen can be a "wired” screen composed of a set of copper or aluminum conductors arranged around and along of the second semiconductor layer, a screen called “ribbon” composed of one or more conductive metal ribbons laid helically around the second semiconductor layer, or a so-called “waterproof” type screen metal tube surrounding the second semiconductor layer.
- This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to provide a moisture barrier that tends to penetrate the electrical cable radially.
- All types of metal screens can play the role of grounding the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short circuit in the network concerned.
- the cable of the invention may comprise an outer protective sheath surrounding the second semiconductor layer, or more particularly surrounding said metal screen when it exists.
- This outer protective sheath can be made conventionally from suitable thermoplastic materials such as HDPE, MDPE or LLDPE; or else materials retarding the propagation of the flame or resistant to the propagation of the flame. In particular, if they do not contain halogen, it is called cladding type HFFR (for the Anglicism "Halogen Free Flame Retardant").
- Figure 1 schematically shows a structure, in cross section, of a first variant of an electric cable according to the invention.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a structure, in cross section, a second variant of an electric cable according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents a variant of a method of manufacturing a composite material according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents two images of a composite material obtained at the end of step ii) according to the method of the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents an image and a transverse section of a composite material according to the invention obtained at the end of step iii) according to the method of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the inside of a composite material according to the invention obtained at the end of step iii) according to the method of the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a first variant of an electric cable 1 according to the invention, seen in cross section, comprising a composite material 2 according to the first subject of the invention or obtained according to the method according to the second subject of the invention and an electrically insulating layer 3 surrounding said composite material 2.
- FIG. 2 represents a second variant of an OHL type electric high voltage electrical transmission cable 4 according to the invention, seen in cross-section, comprising three layers of an assembly 5 of composite strands 6, each composite strand consisting of a composite material according to the invention. These three layers 5 surround an elongated central reinforcing element 7.
- the composite strands 6 constituting said layers 5 have a Z-shaped cross section (or of "S" shape according to the orientation of the Z).
- the elongated central reinforcing element 7 shown in FIG. 2 may be, for example, steel strands 8 or composite aluminum strands in an organic matrix.
- FIG. 3 represents a device 9 that can be used to manufacture a composite material according to the process according to the invention.
- the device comprises a tank 10 for containing a molten aluminum bath or molten aluminum alloy and transport means 11 for conveying an elongated electrically conductive element comprising a layer of hydrated alumina 13 to said tank 10
- transport means 11 for conveying an elongated electrically conductive element comprising a layer of hydrated alumina 13 to said tank 10
- an elongated electrically conductive element made of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising a layer of hydrated alumina coated with aluminum or a molten aluminum alloy is directly cooled to the outlet of the tank 10, in particular using cooling means 12, to obtain a solid mass (step ii)).
- the solid mass is fed to rolling means 14 arranged after the cooling means 12 to perform step iii).
- An electrically conductive aluminum alloy element marketed under the reference AI 1370 and comprising a hydrated alumina layer approximately 6 ⁇ m thick was prepared in the following manner:
- GARDOCLEAN GARDOCLEAN referenced marketed by CHEMETALL
- Step i 0 a hydrated alumina layer approximately 6 ⁇ m thick was formed around the electrically conductive element obtained previously by anodizing using a current density of about 60 A / dm 2 and a voltage of about 22V.
- the elongated electrically conductive elements have been placed in a cylindrical mold.
- the composite material of the invention therefore has improved mechanical strength while ensuring good electrical conductivity to be used as an elongated electrically conductive member of an electrical cable and / or telecommunications.
- FIG. 4 shows two photos of the composite material before step iii) of extrusion and
- FIG. 5 shows two photos of the composite material obtained after extrusion step iii) of extrusion.
- Figure 6 shows the dispersion of the alumina particles (in gray) within the aluminum alloy matrix.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1662371A FR3060022A1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2016-12-13 | ALUMINUM-ALUMINUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
PCT/FR2017/053400 WO2018109316A1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2017-12-05 | Aluminium-alumina composite material and production method thereof |
Publications (1)
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EP3555328A1 true EP3555328A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
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ID=58645147
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17821684.2A Pending EP3555328A1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2017-12-05 | Aluminium-alumina composite material and production method thereof |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US10811161B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3555328A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3060022A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018109316A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3120236A1 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-02 | Nexans | In-line anodizing process for aluminum wires |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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BE785949A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-01-08 | Int Nickel Ltd | COMPOUND METAL POWDERS AND THEIR PRODUCTION |
US3982906A (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1976-09-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation | Production of aluminum-aluminum oxide dispersion composite conductive material and product thereof |
US5246057A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-21 | Alcan International Ltd. | Cast composite materials having an al-mg matrix alloy |
US6245425B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 | 2001-06-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire |
CN1443147A (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2003-09-17 | 英属哥伦比亚大学 | Process for making chemically bonded composite hydroxide ceramics |
FR2847569B1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2005-01-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MONOLITHIC HYDRATED ALUMINA, AMORPHOUS OR CRYSTALLIZED ALUMINA, ALUMINATES AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS BY METAL ALUMINUM OXIDATION OR ALUMINUM ALLOY |
FR2996951B1 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2015-11-27 | Nexans | ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT WIRE IN ALUMINUM ALLOY |
WO2015077225A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-28 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Frangible degradable materials |
JP6252841B2 (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2017-12-27 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | Electricity storage element |
CN104332217B (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2018-04-10 | 广州方邦电子股份有限公司 | Free ground film and preparation method thereof, shielded line plate and earthing method comprising free ground film |
WO2016149531A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Materion Corporation | Lightweight, robust, wear resistant components comprising an aluminum matrix composite |
US9994715B2 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-06-12 | Sila Nanotechnologies Inc. | Formation and modifications of ceramic nanowires and their use in functional materials |
CN113629351B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for modifying battery isolating film |
-
2016
- 2016-12-13 FR FR1662371A patent/FR3060022A1/en active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-12-05 EP EP17821684.2A patent/EP3555328A1/en active Pending
- 2017-12-05 US US16/467,785 patent/US10811161B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-05 WO PCT/FR2017/053400 patent/WO2018109316A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3060022A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 |
US20190304618A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
US10811161B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
WO2018109316A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
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