EP3555327A1 - Processing of industrial metal-containing waste materials - Google Patents
Processing of industrial metal-containing waste materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3555327A1 EP3555327A1 EP17880716.0A EP17880716A EP3555327A1 EP 3555327 A1 EP3555327 A1 EP 3555327A1 EP 17880716 A EP17880716 A EP 17880716A EP 3555327 A1 EP3555327 A1 EP 3555327A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- phase
- metal
- sulfides
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052935 jarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017356 Fe2C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- UKUVVAMSXXBMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-trithia-1,3-diarsabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Chemical compound S1[As]2S[As]1S2 UKUVVAMSXXBMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 halogen hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052924 anglesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021513 gallium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMFWDTJZHRDHNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[In] ZMFWDTJZHRDHNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FSJWWSXPIWGYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;silver;sulfanide Chemical compound [SH-].[Ag].[Ag+] FSJWWSXPIWGYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000369 cadmium(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000373 gallium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052958 orpiment Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000159 acid neutralizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe] FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052600 sulfate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/044—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention concerns the hydro metallurgical processing of industrial waste materials in order to separate fractions containing valuable metals therefrom.
- the materials to be processed are obtained from the zinc or steel industries, or both.
- Suitable waste materials that can be processed according to the invention, either separately or combined, are jarosite and goethite rejects of the zinc industry, as well as the zinc-containing dusts (such as electric arc furnace dusts, i.e. EAF dusts) of the steel industry.
- Goethite is a hydroxide mineral of iron (FeOOH), which is found in soil and other low-temperature environments. It exists as an iron ore, which is commonly found in waste materials of the steel industry, but is, as mentioned above, also formed during zinc production. [0006] For these residues, the zinc processes require sufficiently large waste areas close to the factories, and these waste areas need to be fitted with impermeable
- the halogens are usually removed from the Walz oxide using a two- or three-fold wash with a Na 2 CC"3 solution, before the thus treated oxides can be fed to the electrolytic zinc process. It would pose a considerable advantage if the dusts of the steel industry could be processed in a manner facilitating early removal of halogens, taking place in a close vicinity to the zinc manufacturer.
- valuable metals such as zinc, lead, iron, silver and gold
- the suggested hydrometallurgical processing of the invention makes it possible to eliminate the halogen problem formed in connection with using the Walz process, while in a unique manner providing a procedure for the zinc industry for utilizing the jarosite precipitate, which has up to the present date been stored as hazardous waste, in connection with zinc production. Further, a concentrate containing significant amounts of lead, silver and gold is also obtained in the present process.
- waste dust of the steel mills and jarosite or goethite waste of the zinc mills can be processed by hydrometallurgy, either separately or combined.
- the products include the valuable metal fractions that these wastes contain, recovered as utilizable concentrates.
- the invention provides an advantageous and environmentally friendly solution for recycling the zinc-containing waste dust of the steel mills in connection with the recovery of metals from the jarosite precipitate formed as a waste in the zinc mills.
- FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating the processing steps in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 is an alternative block diagram illustrating the process steps in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- the "hydrometallurgical processing" of the invention is intended to cover a multistep procedure for separating at least the valuable components from the starting material, i.e. the waste, the procedure including steps of acidifying, precipitating, concentrating and heat treating, as well as one or more steps of metals recovery.
- waste is intended to cover all by-products of metal production industries, particularly the metal-containing by-products of the zinc and steel industries.
- metal is intended to encompass the elements of the periodic table of elements that belong to the transition metals, post-transition metals and metalloids, the groups of transition and post-transition metals having the highest significance.
- At least one precipitation step of said process is carried out using a "sulfur- containing chemical", which is intended to cover sulfates, sulfides, sulfur oxides and sulfites, which generate chemicals that easily can be reacted into a suitable form to be recycled, and optionally used in a sulfur dioxide treatment.
- a sulfur- containing chemical which is intended to cover sulfates, sulfides, sulfur oxides and sulfites, which generate chemicals that easily can be reacted into a suitable form to be recycled, and optionally used in a sulfur dioxide treatment.
- the process includes a series of precipitations using e.g. sulfur-containing chemicals selected from sulfates, sulfides, sulfur oxides and sulfites, and hydroxides, in order to obtain an aqueous sulfur-containing solution, which optionally is recycled in the process, whereafter a final precipitate is carried to a thermal step, for forming and separating solid oxides from the sulfates remaining in the solution phase.
- Figure 1 illustrates a process scheme in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- a sulfuric acid treatment using hot concentrated sulfuric acid is first carried out on an industrial zinc-containing dust, such as an electric arc furnace dust (an EAF dust).
- an electric arc furnace dust an EAF dust
- the acid is heated to a temperature of > 100°C, particularly to about 200°C, and is mixed with the preheated (e.g. 100-150°C) dust.
- the temperature of the formed mixture then rises, typically to more than 250°C.
- the oxides in the dust are sulfatized to form a sulfate phase, while the halogenides also contained therein are decomposed and sulfatized, generally at least to a degree of 70%.
- the water and the halogen hydrides of the formed mixture are transferred to the gas phase, from where they can be removed, e.g. by compressing, preferably using water washing.
- the reactions taking place in this process step include one or more, preferably all, of the following listing:
- dehalogenated sulfatized dusts can be carried as such to be used in zinc processes.
- the obtained solid sulfatized dust, optionally mixed with further metal- containing waste materials, such as jarosite and/or goethite waste, are fed to a S0 2 dissolution step.
- the temperature during said dissolution step is preferably >50°C and
- ⁇ 100°C most suitably about 90°C, whereby one or more of the reactions of the following listing take place, typically all of the reactions, as long as the relevant metals are present in the treated waste material.
- This S0 2 solution phase is, according to the embodiment described in Fig. 1, processed further in later described steps, while the solid residue is carried to a
- the dissolution residue is first suspended into water to form a slurry. Subsequently, sodium sulfide, or another similar sulfide reagent, is added to the sludge (see reactions (30) and (31)) in an amount equivalent to the lead and silver present in the residue, and the mixture is floated to give a first fraction of metal sulfides and a first S0 4 solution.
- Typical products of this step are concentrates containing lead, silver and gold.
- the remaining waste materials are preferably discarded as a sulfide waste residue, while the S0 4 solution can be recycled or combined with the previously obtained S0 2 solution.
- the indium (In) and gallium (Ga), and possibly germanium (Ge) are separated from the S0 2 solution (optionally combined with the first S0 4 solution) by adjusting the pH to a level of 3.5-4, preferably using a solution containing magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) as the pH adjustment agent (causing precipitation).
- the temperature of the solution is between 80 and 90°C.
- Other possible pH adjustment agents are zinc oxide (ZnO), Walz-oxide (or the ZnO therein), calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ).
- this step can be called a hydroxide precipitation step.
- the fractions obtained in this step are thus a second S0 4 solution and a solid phase containing a first residue of metal hydroxides.
- solubility product values of the obtained hydroxides vary to some extent, depending on their source. If the solubility product values for the indium and gallium hydroxides are equal to or lower than 10(exp(-36)), and if the corresponding value for aluminium hydroxide is 10(exp(-31)), it is possible to obtain a sharp distinction. If the pH adjustment range is 3.5-4, the precipitate will, however, contain also aluminium hydroxide.
- the precipitated hydroxides are separated from the second S0 4 solution, and are washed, whereby the washing solution can be added to the original second S0 4 solution.
- the thus recovered precipitate will contain In, Ga, Ge and Al hydroxides.
- the Indium, Gallium and Germanium can be separated using a liquid-liquid extraction.
- the following step according to Fig. 1 is a sulfide precipitation, which is carried out by adding hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) to the second S0 4 solution obtained in the previous step, while adjusting the pH of the solution, for example using Mg(OH) 2 , so that no significant amounts of iron (Fe 2+ ) is precipitated.
- the reactions taking place during this step of the process preferably include the following:
- This precipitate can then be treated further with a polysulfide solution, preferably an ammonium polysulfide solution, whereby the sulfides of the precipitate can be separated into a solid phase, containing a third fraction of metal sulfides, and a solution phase.
- a polysulfide solution preferably an ammonium polysulfide solution
- AS2S3, Sb 2 S3 and SnS dissolve as in the following reactions, whereas CuS, CdS and ZnS remain in solid form.
- the obtained solid and solution phases are then separated, whereby the solid phase is washed using a solution based on ammonium polysulfide, and the washing solution is combined with the solution phase.
- the solution phase and the dissolved metals therein are can then be treated by an addition of sulfuric acid, whereby the sulfides of arsenic, antimony and tin are precipitated (reactions (46) - (48)).
- the solid residue obtained in the thermal step is preferably carried to a water washing step, where the soluble components are transferred to the solubilized sulfate phase, and the non- soluble oxide phase (mostly containing Fe 2 0 3 ) forms an iron concentrate.
- the overall process includes the following steps:
- jarosite material preferably including jarosite or goethite, or both, particularly being jarosite
- Figure 2 illustrates an alternative process scheme in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the process scheme of this Figure includes a step of roasting the solid phase obtained from the dissolution step, before sulfidization and flotation.
- Said roasting step is intended to oxidize any elemental sulphur present in the solid phase obtained from the dissolution step, according to the following reaction (54):
- This step can be essential in certain cases, since many zinc processes recently developed result in jarosite fractions that are rich in elemental sulphur, while sulphur in its elemental form would have a negative effect on the subsequent sulfidization and flotation step.
- embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
- a numerical value using a term such as, for example, about or substantially, the exact numerical value is also disclosed.
- the annual feed amounts of jarosite and dust have in the below calculations been selected to be 400,000 t/a and 20,000 t/a, respectively, and the processing time 8000 h/a.
- a sulphuric acid treatment is carried out on the dust.
- the sulphuric acid is heated to a temperature of 200°C and mixed with the preheated (100-150°C) dust.
- the temperature of the formed mixture thus rises to more than 250°C.
- the oxides in the dust are sulphatized, the halogenides are decomposed and sulphatized at least to a degree of 70%.
- the water and the halogen hydrides are transferred to the gas phase, from where they are compressed using water washing.
- the reactions of this sulphuric acid treatment are further described below, in Tables 3-5. Table 3. Reactions with sulfuric acid:
- Jarosite and the sulphatized dust are fed to an S0 2 dissolution step.
- the temperature in said dissolution is about 90°C, whereby the reactions of the following listing take place, affecting the components of the jarosite and the components of the sulphatized dust.
- this reaction listing it has been assumed that all reactions (16) - (29) have a reaction degree between 0.95 and 1.00.
- Example 4 The separation of indium, gallium ja germanium
- the indium and gallium are separated from Solution 3 by a hydroxide precipitation, by adjusting the pH to a level of 3.5-4, using Mg(OH) 2 as the pH adjustment agent.
- the temperature of the solution is between 80 and 90°C.
- Other possible pH adjustment agents are ZnO, Walz-oxide (or the ZnO therein), CaO, Ca(OH) 2 or CaC0 3 .
- the hydroxides In(OH) 3 and Ga(OH) 3 are less soluble compared to Al(OH) 3 , which is also one of the least soluble hydroxides of the solution phase (when no ferric ions are present).
- solubility product values for the indium and gallium hydroxides are equal to or lower than 10(exp(-36)), and if the corresponding value for aluminium hydroxide is 10(exp(-31)), it is possible to obtain a sharp distinction. If the pH adjustment range is 3.5-4, the precipitate will contain also aluminium hydroxide.
- Germanium (and gallium) can be precipitated completely from the solution in the form of a tannine.
- indium, gallium and aluminium hydroxides are precipitated in a pure form, and germanium is precipitated in the form of its hydroxide, the following reactions take place:
- the precipitated hydroxides are separated from the solution, and are washed.
- the washing solution is added to the solution phase.
- a precipitate containing In, Ga and Ge hydroxides is obtained, and a Solution 4.
- the sulfide precipitation is carried out by adjusting the pH of the solution, for example using Mg(OH) 2 , so that no significant amounts of iron (Fe 2+ ) is precipitated.
- the 5 reactions taking place during the precipitation include the following:
- the obtained sulfide precipitate 1 is treated with an ammonium polysulfide solution, whereby AS2S3, Sb 2 S3 and SnS dissolve, whereas CuS, CdS and ZnS remain in solid form.
- Solution 5 is concentrated by a multiphase evaporation crystallization.
- the steam phase is cooled, compressed and returned to the
- the salt phase is carried to a thermal phase, where the following reactions take place:
- Certain components can be recirculated in the process, particularly in case all of the above mentioned process steps are carried out in series as described. These components include sulfur dioxide (S0 2 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and the sulfide solution containing ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 ) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).
- Silver and gold can, in turn be separated from the final waste, by treating it further using conventional techniques.
- the Jarosite material used was selected from those containing large amounts of elemental sulfur, and obtained from the process applications, which utilize direct dissolving procedures.
- the solid fraction is treated with thermal, calcination, treatment at about 500 °C to remove the elemental sulfur (Reaction (30)), and ZnS reacts according to Reaction (31).
- the solid phase is flotated, with the sulfide phase and gold collected froth.
- magnesium hydroxide is used as a neutralization agent at the temperature of 90 °C with very accurate pH-control.
- Solution 5 is then concentrated by evaporation.
- the vaporized phase is cooled down and returned back to the S02-solution.
- the solid phase is washed with water.
- the insoluble residue which contains mainly Fe 2 0 3 , can be collected as it is suitable for use as Iron making concentrate.
- the present invention provides, among others, an environmentally friendly solution for recycling the zinc-containing waste dust of the steel mills in connection with the recovery of metals from the jarosite precipitate formed as a waste in the zinc mills.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20165972A FI128281B (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2016-12-15 | Processing of Industrial Metal-Containing Waste Materials |
PCT/FI2017/050901 WO2018109283A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Processing of industrial metal-containing waste materials |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3555327A1 true EP3555327A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
EP3555327A4 EP3555327A4 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
Family
ID=62558088
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17880716.0A Pending EP3555327A4 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Processing of industrial metal-containing waste materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3555327A4 (en) |
FI (1) | FI128281B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018109283A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108977666B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-01-07 | 河南豫光锌业有限公司 | Method for recovering zinc and cobalt in zinc hydrometallurgy purification slag |
AU2020264822A1 (en) * | 2019-05-01 | 2021-12-02 | Vinod Chintamani Malshe | Effective utilization of Jarosite waste |
CN112080646A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing arsenic and antimony in crude stannous sulfide of tin refining sulfur slag product treated by vacuum distillation |
FI130580B (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2023-11-22 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Hydrometallurgical process for waste materials of the zinc and steel industries |
EP4321650A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-14 | Xtract GmbH | Process for de-zincing of galvanized steel scrap |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1076364A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1980-04-29 | Cominco Ltd. | Process for concentrating and recovering gallium |
WO1988003911A1 (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1988-06-02 | Resource Technology Associates | Process for recovering metal values from jarosite solids |
US5431713A (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1995-07-11 | Metals Recycling Technologies Crop. | Method for the reclamation of metallic compounds from zinc and lead containing dust |
GB9309144D0 (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1993-06-16 | Sherritt Gordon Ltd | Recovery of metals from sulphidic material |
US6319483B1 (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2001-11-20 | Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. | Gallium and/or indium separation and concentration method |
US8323377B2 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2012-12-04 | Intec, Ltd. | Recovery of metals from oxidised metalliferous materials |
BRPI0905473A2 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-08-02 | Mineracao Tabipora Ltda | physicochemical process for the recovery of metals contained in steel industry waste |
FI123432B (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-04-30 | Jyvaeskylaen En Oy | Method for treating ash, in particular fly ash |
CA2854778A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-18 | Guy Mercier | Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometalurgy sludge or residues |
-
2016
- 2016-12-15 FI FI20165972A patent/FI128281B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2017
- 2017-12-15 WO PCT/FI2017/050901 patent/WO2018109283A1/en unknown
- 2017-12-15 EP EP17880716.0A patent/EP3555327A4/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3555327A4 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
FI128281B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
FI20165972L (en) | 2018-06-16 |
WO2018109283A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Binnemans et al. | Hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products: a critical review | |
EP3555327A1 (en) | Processing of industrial metal-containing waste materials | |
Ruiz et al. | Recycling of an electric arc furnace flue dust to obtain high grade ZnO | |
CA2560594C (en) | Recovery of metals from oxidised metalliferous materials | |
CA2752254C (en) | Magnesium recycling and sulphur recovery in leaching of lateritic nickel ores | |
Antuñano et al. | Hydrometallurgical processes for Waelz oxide valorisation–An overview | |
CN111394582B (en) | Copper-nickel sludge resource recycling process | |
CA1224926A (en) | Method for working-up complex sulphidic ore concentrates | |
WO1998036102A1 (en) | Refining zinc sulphide ores | |
CA2854778A1 (en) | Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometalurgy sludge or residues | |
WO2020107122A1 (en) | Process for the recovery of value metals from zinc-bearing ores, concentrates, intermediates and wastes | |
AU2017279746B2 (en) | Beneficiation of Lead Sulphide Bearing Material | |
RU2670117C2 (en) | Process for the selective recovery of lead and silver and carbonate lead and silver concentrate, obtained by the method above | |
US5961691A (en) | Recovery of lead and others metals from smelter flue dusts | |
US6274104B1 (en) | Non-ferrous metal recovery method utilizing a melt sulphation reaction | |
FR2478672A1 (en) | Metal recovery from pyrite, opt. after smelting - by oxidising and sulphating, roasting and leaching (BR 22.9.81) | |
Ye et al. | The recovery of valuable components from secondary lead dust by a multi-step hydrometallurgical process | |
Kangas et al. | Hydrometallurgical processing of jarosite to value-added products | |
WO2023089234A1 (en) | Hydrometallurgical process for waste materials of the zinc and steel industries | |
WO2011035380A1 (en) | Recovering metals from industrial residues/wastes | |
Herrero et al. | Hydrometallurgical processes development for zinc oxide production from waelz oxide | |
Ollonqvist et al. | New hydrometallurgical treatment to recover zinc and iron from EAF dust | |
MXPA00012343A (en) | Treatment of roasted metal sulphide ores and ferrites by leaching with peroxysulphuric acid. | |
Kaya | H2SO4 Leaching of Zn Secondaries | |
CN108291271A (en) | The zinc abstraction method of environmental protection |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190617 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20200713 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C22B 7/00 20060101ALI20200707BHEP Ipc: C22B 7/02 20060101AFI20200707BHEP Ipc: C22B 19/30 20060101ALI20200707BHEP |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20231106 |