EP3551495A1 - Method for charging an electrochemical energy storage device, a battery management system, a battery system and use of the battery system - Google Patents

Method for charging an electrochemical energy storage device, a battery management system, a battery system and use of the battery system

Info

Publication number
EP3551495A1
EP3551495A1 EP17791025.4A EP17791025A EP3551495A1 EP 3551495 A1 EP3551495 A1 EP 3551495A1 EP 17791025 A EP17791025 A EP 17791025A EP 3551495 A1 EP3551495 A1 EP 3551495A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrochemical energy
charging
energy store
energy storage
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17791025.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Salziger
Miguel Casares
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3551495A1 publication Critical patent/EP3551495A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/14—Driver interactions by input of vehicle departure time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • Battery management system a battery system and use of the battery system
  • the invention relates to a method for charging an electrochemical
  • the document DE 102008053141 AI describes a method and a
  • Vehicle driven by an electric motor which is powered by a battery.
  • a time at which the vehicle will be used and a travel distance to be traveled by the vehicle from that time point may be specified.
  • the battery is charged so that the battery is charged at the given time with a sufficient charge for the route.
  • the disadvantage here is that although the battery at the predetermined time has the desired charge, but the vehicle can not be operated because the temperature of the battery does not allow the operation of the vehicle.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome this disadvantage. Disclosure of the invention
  • Energy storage in particular a battery, comprises detecting a first input signal, detecting a second input signal, the
  • the method Determining an actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store and detecting an initial temperature of the electrochemical energy store.
  • the method also includes determining a temperature swing as a function of a predetermined operating time and at least one further parameter, and determining a final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, wherein the end temperature is a difference between a maximum allowable temperature of the electrochemical energy store and the temperature.
  • the method further includes generating a charge signal in response to the initial temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the first input signal, the second input signal, and the current charge state of the electrochemical energy store, wherein the charge signal is a
  • Charging current includes, and driving a charging device by means of charging signal for charging the electrochemical energy storage.
  • the advantage here is that the electrochemical energy store can be used immediately after the end of the charging process.
  • the first input signal represents a
  • Time of use of the electrochemical energy storage is the point in time at which the electrochemical energy store is used or should be started.
  • the second input signal represents a nominal charging state of the electrochemical energy store for
  • the at least one further parameter is a constantly removable maximum discharge current of the electrochemical energy store or a removable discharge current, which is from a previous one
  • the advantage here is that the charging of the electrochemical charging can be adapted to the subsequent use of the user.
  • Energy storage determines and the charging signal in dependence of
  • the aging can be influenced by the adapted charging current.
  • progressive aging can be reduced by slow charging.
  • a defined remaining life of the battery e.g. until the battery is replaced at the scheduled time, to use a higher charge current and thus to reduce the charging time.
  • an information signal is generated in particular at the time of starting charging.
  • the information signal indicates that a
  • Time of use will be less than the nominal state of charge, d. H. the user-requested charge level.
  • the information signal is displayed or output on an HMI of the electrochemical energy store, an HMI of a vehicle or a mobile terminal.
  • the battery management system comprises a control unit and a memory, wherein the battery management system is set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the battery system according to the invention comprises at least one
  • the electrochemical energy store comprises Li-ion cells, LiS cells, LiO cells or solid cells.
  • the battery system is used in a vehicle.
  • the vehicle is an electrically operated two-wheeler, in particular a scooter.
  • Figure 1 is a battery system
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for charging an electrochemical
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery system 100 with a battery management system 115, a charging device 114, a battery temperature sensor 106 and a battery voltage measuring unit 104.
  • the battery system 100 comprises at least one electrochemical energy store, which is not shown in FIG.
  • the electrochemical energy store comprises, for example, Li-ion cells, LiS cells, LiO cells or solid cells.
  • the battery management system 115 includes a controller 111 and a memory 112.
  • the battery management system 115 includes an ambient temperature sensor 108.
  • the battery management system 115 is configured to detect a first input signal 102 and a second input signal 103. The first input signal
  • Input signal 103 represents a state of charge desired by the user at the time of use of the electrochemical energy store.
  • Battery management system 115 detects with the help of
  • Ambient temperature sensor 108 an ambient temperature signal 109.
  • the battery management system 115 detected by means of the battery temperature sensor 106, a current battery temperature signal 107, which represents an initial temperature of the electrochemical energy storage, in particular for
  • the battery management system 115 detects the voltage 105 of the battery using the battery voltage measuring unit 104
  • Control unit 111 determines with the aid of the voltage 105 a SoC value, the so-called actual charging state of the electrochemical energy store.
  • the control unit 111 generates an information signal 110, which indicates that the actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store for
  • Time of use will be less than that desired by the user
  • the information signal 108 may include information about the current charge state and the remaining charge duration.
  • Control unit 111 includes a microcontroller.
  • Battery management system 115 generates a charging signal 113, which has a
  • Charging current includes.
  • the Information signal 108 is output by the input / output unit 101.
  • the input / output unit 101 is, for example, an HMI or a display of the electrochemical energy store or of a mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal is for example a smartphone or a tablet.
  • the first input signal 102 and the second input signal 103 may be stored in the memory 112. If no first input signal 102 and no second input signal 103 are input via the input / output unit 101, the stored values of the first input signal 102 and the second input signal 103 are detected from the memory 112.
  • the input / output unit 101 is an HMI or display of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 shows the method 200 for charging an electrochemical
  • the method 200 starts with the step 210, in which a first input signal is detected.
  • the first input signal represents a time of use of the electrochemical energy store.
  • a second input signal is detected.
  • the second input signal represents a target state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage at the time of use, i. H. a user-requested state of charge at the time of use.
  • Steps 210 and 220 may also be performed in reverse order so that first the second input signal is detected and thereafter the first input signal.
  • the first input signal and the second input signal can also be stored as preferred values of the user in the memory, for example, if the user requires a certain state of charge of the battery every day at the same time. Become either the first input signal or the second
  • step 240 an actual charging state of the electrochemical energy store is determined.
  • the battery management system detects with the aid of
  • Battery voltage measuring unit the voltage of the battery, from which the SoC value of the battery is determined.
  • Initial temperature of the electrochemical energy storage by means of a Battery temperature sensor detected.
  • the initial temperature is the battery temperature at the time of electromechanical connection of the electrochemical energy store to the charging device.
  • a temperature deviation is determined as a function of a predetermined operating time and at least one further parameter.
  • the term predetermined operating time also includes a predetermined charging capacity or a predetermined range.
  • the term "temperature stroke" is to be understood as meaning the temperature stroke which is to be expected by a discharging process of the electrochemical energy store, the discharging process beginning at the time of use.
  • a final temperature of the electrochemical energy store is determined. The final temperature is defined as the difference between a maximum permissible temperature or operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store and the temperature lift, wherein the maximum permissible
  • the final temperature is the temperature of the electrochemical
  • Energy storage may have maximum at the time of use, so that the subsequent use of the electrochemical energy storage is guaranteed.
  • a load signal is in
  • the charging signal comprises a charging current.
  • a charging device is controlled by means of the charging signal, so that the electrochemical
  • the expected temperature increase is determined by a computing unit.
  • the current outside temperature of the vehicle is transmitted to the computing unit.
  • the arithmetic unit is informed via sensors at any time about the actual flow of power into and out of the energy storage.
  • the arithmetic unit are at least one parameter, the
  • the arithmetic unit has at least one model which, based on the input variables and the parameters, predicts which temperature deviation occurs with the current measured values and parameters.
  • the arithmetic unit has a method that derives errors of the last estimate from the measured values and parameters and the actually occurring temperatures.
  • the arithmetic unit has a method that derives correction parameters from the errors of the last measurements. These parameters are used to determine a more accurate temperature swing.
  • the at least one further parameter in step 280 is a constantly removable maximum discharge current of
  • the at least one further parameter can be derived from a previous use of the
  • the usage data include, for example, a usage profile of the electrochemical energy store, a set drive mode that could be, for example, athletic, moderate, or energy efficient.
  • the drive mode to be set can be derived directly from the prediction of the system
  • a step 260 can optionally be carried out in which an aging state of the electrochemical energy store is detected and the charging signal is additionally generated in step 300 as a function of the aging state of the electrochemical energy store.
  • a further step 270 may be carried out in which the charging current is limited by a maximum permissible charging current of the electrochemical energy store. This value is read from the memory, for example.
  • it is checked in a step 295 whether the initial temperature of the battery is lower than the end temperature of the battery. If this is the case, the method is continued and the charging signal is generated in step 300. If the initial temperature is greater than the final temperature, the process is terminated and only after a certain period of time
  • the charging current is set as a function of the expected temperature. This ensures that the energy store can be charged with a current at any time.
  • an information signal is generated when the charging current is limited by the maximum allowable charging current.
  • the information signal represents the information that the actual
  • This information signal can at the time of charging, for example, on a display of the electrochemical
  • Energy storage a display of a vehicle or the mobile device to be displayed.
  • the electrochemical energy storage is used for example in an electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the electrically powered vehicle can be any electrically powered vehicle application.
  • the method can also be used for other electrically operated systems and devices if they are to be used directly after charging.
  • the present invention thus optimizes loading to those in the immediate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (200) for charging an electrochemical energy storage device, particularly a battery, comprising the following steps: detecting (210) a first input signal; detecting (220) a second input signal; determining (240) an actual charging state of the electrochemical energy storage device; detecting (250) a starting temperature of the electrochemical energy storage device; determining (280) a temperature increase according to a predefined operating period and at least one other parameter; determining (290) an end temperature of the electrochemical energy storage device, the end temperature being the difference between a maximum authorised temperature of the electrochemical energy storage device and the temperature increase; generating (300) a charging signal according to the starting temperature of the electrochemical energy storage device, the end temperature of the electrochemical energy storage device, the first input signal, the second input signal and the actual charging state of the electrochemical energy storage device, the charging signal comprising a charging current; and controlling (310) a charging device by means of charging signals in order to charge the electrochemical energy storage device.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, ein Method for charging an electrochemical energy store, a
Batteriemanagementsystem, ein Batteriesystem und eine Verwendung des Batteriesystems Battery management system, a battery system and use of the battery system
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrochemischen The invention relates to a method for charging an electrochemical
Energiespeichers, ein Batteriemanagementsystem, ein Batteriesystem und eine Verwendung des Batteriesystems. Energy storage, a battery management system, a battery system and a use of the battery system.
Das Dokument DE 102008053141 AI beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine The document DE 102008053141 AI describes a method and a
Steuerung zum Aufladen einer Batterie eines Fahrzeugs. Dabei wird das Control for charging a battery of a vehicle. This is the
Fahrzeug durch einen Elektromotor angetrieben, welcher von einer Batterie gespeist wird. Ein Zeitpunkt, zu welchem das Fahrzeug benutzt werden wird, und eine Fahrstrecke, die von dem Fahrzeug ab diesem Zeitpunkt zu fahren ist, können vorgegeben werden. Abhängig von dem Zeitpunkt und der Fahrstrecke wird die Batterie derart aufgeladen, dass die Batterie zu dem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt mit einer für die Fahrstrecke ausreichenden Ladung aufgeladen ist. Vehicle driven by an electric motor, which is powered by a battery. A time at which the vehicle will be used and a travel distance to be traveled by the vehicle from that time point may be specified. Depending on the time and the route, the battery is charged so that the battery is charged at the given time with a sufficient charge for the route.
Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die Batterie zwar zum vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt die gewünschte Ladung aufweist, das Fahrzeug jedoch nicht betrieben werden kann, da die Temperatur der Batterie den Betrieb des Fahrzeugs nicht zulässt. The disadvantage here is that although the battery at the predetermined time has the desired charge, but the vehicle can not be operated because the temperature of the battery does not allow the operation of the vehicle.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diesen Nachteil zu überwinden. Offenbarung der Erfindung The object of the invention is to overcome this disadvantage. Disclosure of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrochemischen The inventive method for charging an electrochemical
Energiespeichers, insbesondere einer Batterie, umfasst das Erfassen eines ersten Eingabesignals, das Erfassen eines zweiten Eingabesignals, das Energy storage, in particular a battery, comprises detecting a first input signal, detecting a second input signal, the
Bestimmen eines Istladezustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und das Erfassen einer Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Das Verfahren umfasst außerdem das Bestimmen eines Temperaturhubs in Abhängigkeit einer vorgegebenen Betriebsdauer und mindestens eines weiteren Parameters, sowie das Bestimmen einer Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, wobei die Endtemperatur eine Differenz einer maximal zulässigen Temperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und des Temperaturhubs ist. Das Verfahren umfasst weiterhin das Erzeugen eines Ladesignals in Abhängigkeit der Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, der Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, des ersten Eingabesignals, des zweiten Eingabesignals und des Istladezustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, wobei das Ladesignal einen Determining an actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store and detecting an initial temperature of the electrochemical energy store. The method also includes determining a temperature swing as a function of a predetermined operating time and at least one further parameter, and determining a final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, wherein the end temperature is a difference between a maximum allowable temperature of the electrochemical energy store and the temperature. The method further includes generating a charge signal in response to the initial temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the first input signal, the second input signal, and the current charge state of the electrochemical energy store, wherein the charge signal is a
Ladestrom umfasst, und das Ansteuern einer Ladevorrichtung mittels Ladesignal zum Laden des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Charging current includes, and driving a charging device by means of charging signal for charging the electrochemical energy storage.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass der elektrochemische Energiespeicher unmittelbar nach dem Beenden des Ladevorgangs einsetzbar ist. The advantage here is that the electrochemical energy store can be used immediately after the end of the charging process.
In einer Weiterbildung repräsentiert das erste Eingabesignal einen In a further development, the first input signal represents a
Nutzungszeitpunkt des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Mit anderen Worten es handelt sich hierbei um den Zeitpunkt an dem der elektrochemische Energiespeicher verwendet werden bzw. gestartet werden soll. Time of use of the electrochemical energy storage. In other words, this is the point in time at which the electrochemical energy store is used or should be started.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung repräsentiert das zweite Eingabesignal einen Sollladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum In a further embodiment, the second input signal represents a nominal charging state of the electrochemical energy store for
Nutzungszeitpunkt. Mit anderen Worten es handelt sich hierbei um einen vom Nutzer gewünschten Ladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum Nutzungszeitpunkt. In einer Weiterbildung ist der mindestens eine weitere Parameter ein konstant entnehmbarer maximaler Entladestrom des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers oder ein entnehmbarer Entladestrom, der aus einer bisherigen Time of use. In other words, this is a charge state of the electrochemical energy store desired by the user at the time of use. In a development, the at least one further parameter is a constantly removable maximum discharge current of the electrochemical energy store or a removable discharge current, which is from a previous one
Verwendungsweise des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt wird. Use of the electrochemical energy storage is determined.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass der Ladevorgang des elektrochemischen Ladevorgangs an die anschließende Verwendungsweise des Nutzers angepasst werden kann. The advantage here is that the charging of the electrochemical charging can be adapted to the subsequent use of the user.
In einer Weiterbildung wird ein Alterungszustand des elektrochemischen In a further development, an aging state of the electrochemical
Energiespeichers bestimmt und das Ladesignal in Abhängigkeit des Energy storage determines and the charging signal in dependence of
Alterungszustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers eingestellt. Aging state of the electrochemical energy storage set.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass durch den angepassten Ladestrom die Alterung beeinflusst werden kann. Somit kann beispielsweise eine fortschreitende Alterung durch langsames Laden verringert werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich bei definierter verbleibender Lebensdauer der Batterie, z.B. bis zum terminierten Tausch der Batterie, einen höheren Ladestrom zu verwenden und damit die Ladezeit zu reduzieren. It is advantageous here that the aging can be influenced by the adapted charging current. Thus, for example, progressive aging can be reduced by slow charging. However, it is also possible with a defined remaining life of the battery, e.g. until the battery is replaced at the scheduled time, to use a higher charge current and thus to reduce the charging time.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung wird der Ladestrom auf einen maximal In a further embodiment, the charging current to a maximum
zulässigen Ladestrom des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers begrenzt. permissible charging current of the electrochemical energy storage limited.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass der elektrochemische Energiespeicher durch den The advantage here is that the electrochemical energy storage by the
Ladevorgang nicht zerstört werden kann. Charging process can not be destroyed.
In einer Weiterbildung wird ein Informationssignal insbesondere zum Zeitpunkt eines Ladebeginns erzeugt. Das Informationssignal gibt an, dass ein In one development, an information signal is generated in particular at the time of starting charging. The information signal indicates that a
tatsächlicher Ladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store for
Nutzungszeitpunkt kleiner sein wird als der Sollladezustand, d. h. der vom Nutzer gewünschte Ladezustand. Time of use will be less than the nominal state of charge, d. H. the user-requested charge level.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass ein Nutzer über den tatsächlichen Ladezustand zum The advantage here is that a user about the actual state of charge for
Nutzungszeitpunkt bei Ladebeginn informiert werden kann. Dadurch erhält der Nutzer die Möglichkeit seine Eingaben bezüglich des Nutzungszeitpunkts und des gewünschten Ladezustands gegebenenfalls anzupassen. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung wird das Informationssignal auf einem HMI des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, einem HMI eines Fahrzeugs oder einem mobilen Endgerät angezeigt bzw. ausgegeben. Use time can be informed when loading begins. This gives the user the opportunity to adjust his inputs regarding the time of use and the desired state of charge, if necessary. In a further refinement, the information signal is displayed or output on an HMI of the electrochemical energy store, an HMI of a vehicle or a mobile terminal.
Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriemanagementsystem umfasst eine Steuereinheit und einen Speicher, wobei das Batteriemanagementsystem eingerichtet ist, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszuführen. The battery management system according to the invention comprises a control unit and a memory, wherein the battery management system is set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriesystem umfasst mindestens einen The battery system according to the invention comprises at least one
elektrochemischen Energiespeicher und ein erfindungsgemäßes electrochemical energy store and an inventive
Batteriemanangementsystem. Batteriemanangementsystem.
In einer Weiterbildung umfasst der elektrochemische Energiespeicher Li-Ionen- Zellen, LiS-Zellen, LiO-Zellen oder Feststoffzellen. In one development, the electrochemical energy store comprises Li-ion cells, LiS cells, LiO cells or solid cells.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Batteriesystem in einem Fahrzeug verwendet. According to the invention, the battery system is used in a vehicle.
In einer Weiterbildung ist das Fahrzeug ein elektrisch betriebenes Zweirad, insbesondere ein Roller. In a further development, the vehicle is an electrically operated two-wheeler, in particular a scooter.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen bzw. aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen. Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments or from the dependent claims.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter The present invention will be described below with reference to preferred
Ausführungsformen und beigefügter Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen: Embodiments and attached drawings explained. Show it:
Figur 1 ein Batteriesystem und Figure 1 is a battery system and
Figur 2 ein Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrochemischen FIG. 2 shows a method for charging an electrochemical
Energiespeichers. Figur 1 zeigt ein Batteriesystem 100 mit einem Batteriemanagementsystem 115, einer Ladevorrichtung 114, einem Batterietemperatursensor 106 und einer Batteriespannungsmesseinheit 104. Das Batteriesystem 100 umfasst mindestens einen elektrochemischen Energiespeicher, der in Figur 1 nicht gezeigt ist. Der elektrochemische Energiespeicher umfasst dabei beispielsweise Li-Ionen-Zellen, LiS-Zellen, LiO-Zellen oder Feststoffzellen. Das Batteriemanagementsystem 115 umfasst eine Steuereinheit 111 und einen Speicher 112. Optional umfasst das Batteriemanagementsystem 115 einen Umgebungstemperatursensor 108. Das Batteriemanagementsystem 115 ist dazu eingerichtet ein erstes Eingabesignal 102 und ein zweites Eingabesignal 103 zu erfassen. Das erste EingabesignalEnergy storage. FIG. 1 shows a battery system 100 with a battery management system 115, a charging device 114, a battery temperature sensor 106 and a battery voltage measuring unit 104. The battery system 100 comprises at least one electrochemical energy store, which is not shown in FIG. The electrochemical energy store comprises, for example, Li-ion cells, LiS cells, LiO cells or solid cells. The battery management system 115 includes a controller 111 and a memory 112. Optionally, the battery management system 115 includes an ambient temperature sensor 108. The battery management system 115 is configured to detect a first input signal 102 and a second input signal 103. The first input signal
102 repräsentiert einen von einem Nutzer gewünschten Zeitpunkt zu dem der elektrochemische Energiespeicher betrieben werden soll. Das zweite 102 represents a time desired by a user to which the electrochemical energy storage device is to be operated. The second
Eingangssignal 103 repräsentiert einen vom Nutzer gewünschten Ladezustand zum Nutzungszeitpunkt des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Das Input signal 103 represents a state of charge desired by the user at the time of use of the electrochemical energy store. The
Batteriemanagementsystem 115 erfasst mit Hilfe des Battery management system 115 detects with the help of
Umgebungstemperatursensors 108 ein Umgebungstemperatursignal 109. Das Batteriemanagementsystem 115 erfasst mit Hilfe des Batterietemperatursensors 106 ein aktuelles Batterietemperatursignal 107, das eine Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers repräsentiert, insbesondere zum  Ambient temperature sensor 108 an ambient temperature signal 109. The battery management system 115 detected by means of the battery temperature sensor 106, a current battery temperature signal 107, which represents an initial temperature of the electrochemical energy storage, in particular for
Ladebeginn. Des Weiteren erfasst das Batteriemanagementsystem 115 mit Hilfe der Batteriespannungsmesseinheit 104 die Spannung 105 des When charging begins. Furthermore, the battery management system 115 detects the voltage 105 of the battery using the battery voltage measuring unit 104
elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum Zeitpunkt eines Verbindens des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers mit der Ladevorrichtung 114. Die electrochemical energy storage at the time of connecting the electrochemical energy storage with the charging device 114. The
Steuereinheit 111 bestimmt mit Hilfe der Spannung 105 einen SoC-Wert, den sogenannten Istladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Die Steuereinheit 111 erzeugt ein Informationssignal 110, das angibt, dass der tatsächliche Ladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum Control unit 111 determines with the aid of the voltage 105 a SoC value, the so-called actual charging state of the electrochemical energy store. The control unit 111 generates an information signal 110, which indicates that the actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store for
Nutzungszeitpunkt kleiner sein wird als der vom Nutzer gewünschte Time of use will be less than that desired by the user
Ladezustand. Zusätzlich kann das Informationssignal 108 Informationen zum aktuellen Ladezustand und zur verbleibenden Ladedauer umfassen. Die State of charge. In addition, the information signal 108 may include information about the current charge state and the remaining charge duration. The
Steuereinheit 111 umfasst einen Mikrocontroller. Das Control unit 111 includes a microcontroller. The
Batteriemanagementsystem 115 erzeugt ein Ladesignal 113, das einen Battery management system 115 generates a charging signal 113, which has a
Ladestrom umfasst. Das erste Eingabesignal 102 und das zweite EingabesignalCharging current includes. The first input signal 102 and the second input signal
103 können mittels einer Ein- /Ausgabeeinheit 101 eingegeben werden. Das Informationssignal 108 wird mittels der Ein-/ Ausgabeeinheit 101 ausgegeben bzw. angezeigt. Die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit 101 ist beispielsweise ein HMI bzw. ein Display des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers oder eines mobilen Endgeräts. Das mobile Endgerät ist beispielsweise ein Smartphone oder ein Tablett. 103 can be input by means of an input / output unit 101. The Information signal 108 is output by the input / output unit 101. The input / output unit 101 is, for example, an HMI or a display of the electrochemical energy store or of a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal is for example a smartphone or a tablet.
Alternativ können das erste Eingangssignal 102 und das zweite Eingangssignal 103 in dem Speicher 112 hinterlegt werden. Wird kein erstes Eingangssignal 102 und kein zweites Eingangssignal 103 über die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit 101 eingegeben, so werden die hinterlegten Werte des ersten Eingangssignals 102 und des zweiten Eingangssignals 103 aus dem Speicher 112 erfasst. In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit 101 ein HMI bzw. Display eines Fahrzeugs. Alternatively, the first input signal 102 and the second input signal 103 may be stored in the memory 112. If no first input signal 102 and no second input signal 103 are input via the input / output unit 101, the stored values of the first input signal 102 and the second input signal 103 are detected from the memory 112. In another embodiment, the input / output unit 101 is an HMI or display of a vehicle.
Figur 2 zeigt das Verfahren 200 zum Laden eines elektrochemischen FIG. 2 shows the method 200 for charging an electrochemical
Energiespeichers. Das Verfahren 200 startet mit dem Schritt 210, in dem ein erstes Eingabesignal erfasst wird. Das erste Eingabesignal repräsentiert dabei einen Nutzungszeitpunkt des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. In einem folgenden Schritt 220 wird ein zweites Eingabesignal erfasst. Das zweite Eingabesignal repräsentiert einen Sollladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum Nutzungszeitpunkt, d. h. einen vom Nutzer gewünschten Ladezustand zum Nutzungszeitpunkt. Die Schritte 210 und 220 können auch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge durchgeführt werden, sodass zuerst das zweite Eingabesignal erfasst wird und danach das erste Eingabesignal. Das erste Eingabesignal und das zweite Eingabesignal können auch als bevorzugte Werte des Nutzers im Speicher hinterlegt werden, beispielsweise wenn der Nutzer jeden Tag zur gleichen Uhrzeit einen bestimmten Ladezustand der Batterie benötigt. Werden entweder das erste Eingangssignal oder das zweite Energy storage. The method 200 starts with the step 210, in which a first input signal is detected. The first input signal represents a time of use of the electrochemical energy store. In a following step 220, a second input signal is detected. The second input signal represents a target state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage at the time of use, i. H. a user-requested state of charge at the time of use. Steps 210 and 220 may also be performed in reverse order so that first the second input signal is detected and thereafter the first input signal. The first input signal and the second input signal can also be stored as preferred values of the user in the memory, for example, if the user requires a certain state of charge of the battery every day at the same time. Become either the first input signal or the second
Eingangssignal oder beide nicht über das Mittel eingegeben, so werden die hinterlegten Werte des ersten Eingangssignals und/ oder des zweiten Input signal or both are not input via the means, then the stored values of the first input signal and / or the second
Eingangssignals aus dem Speicher erfasst. In einem folgenden Schritt 240 wird ein Istladezustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt. Dazu erfasst das Batteriemanagementsystem mit Hilfe der Input signal from the memory detected. In a following step 240, an actual charging state of the electrochemical energy store is determined. For this purpose, the battery management system detects with the aid of
Batteriespannungsmesseinheit die Spannung der Batterie, woraus der SoC-Wert der Batterie bestimmt wird. In einem folgenden Schritt 250 wird eine  Battery voltage measuring unit the voltage of the battery, from which the SoC value of the battery is determined. In a following step 250, a
Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers mit Hilfe eines Batterietemperatursensors erfasst. Bei der Anfangstemperatur handelt es sich insbesondere um die Batterietemperatur zum Zeitpunkt des elektromechanischen Verbindens des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers mit der Ladevorrichtung. In einem folgenden Schritt 280 wird ein Temperaturhub in Abhängigkeit einer vorgegebenen Betriebsdauer und mindestens eines weiteren Parameters bestimmt. Der Begriff vorgegebene Betriebsdauer umfasst dabei auch eine vorgegebene Ladekapazität oder eine vorgegebene Reichweite. Unter dem Begriff Temperaturhub ist der Temperaturhub zu verstehen, der durch einen Entladevorgang des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zu erwarten ist, wobei der Entladevorgang mit dem Nutzungszeitpunkt beginnt. In einem folgenden Schritt 290 wird eine Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt. Die Endtemperatur ist dabei als Differenz einer maximal zulässigen Temperatur bzw. Betriebstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und des Temperaturhubs definiert, wobei die maximal zulässige Initial temperature of the electrochemical energy storage by means of a Battery temperature sensor detected. In particular, the initial temperature is the battery temperature at the time of electromechanical connection of the electrochemical energy store to the charging device. In a following step 280, a temperature deviation is determined as a function of a predetermined operating time and at least one further parameter. The term predetermined operating time also includes a predetermined charging capacity or a predetermined range. The term "temperature stroke" is to be understood as meaning the temperature stroke which is to be expected by a discharging process of the electrochemical energy store, the discharging process beginning at the time of use. In a following step 290, a final temperature of the electrochemical energy store is determined. The final temperature is defined as the difference between a maximum permissible temperature or operating temperature of the electrochemical energy store and the temperature lift, wherein the maximum permissible
Betriebstemperatur im Speicher hinterlegt ist. Mit anderen Worten die Operating temperature is stored in the memory. In other words the
Endtemperatur ist dabei die Temperatur, die der elektrochemische The final temperature is the temperature of the electrochemical
Energiespeicher maximal zum Nutzungszeitpunkt aufweisen darf, damit die anschließende Verwendung des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers gewährleistet ist. In einem folgenden Schritt 300 wird ein Ladesignal in Energy storage may have maximum at the time of use, so that the subsequent use of the electrochemical energy storage is guaranteed. In a following step 300, a load signal is in
Abhängigkeit der Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, der Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, des ersten Dependence of the initial temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the first
Eingabesignals, des zweiten Eingabesignals und des Istladezustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers erzeugt. Das Ladesignal umfasst dabei einen Ladestrom. In einem folgenden Schritt 310 wird eine Ladevorrichtung mit Hilfe des Ladesignals angesteuert, sodass der elektrochemische Input signal, the second input signal and the current state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage generated. The charging signal comprises a charging current. In a following step 310, a charging device is controlled by means of the charging signal, so that the electrochemical
Energiespeicher geladen wird. Energy storage is loaded.
Der zu erwartende Temperaturhub wird durch eine Recheneinheit ermittelt. Vorteilhafterweise wird die aktuelle Außentemperatur des Fahrzeuges an die Recheneinheit übermittelt. Die Recheneinheit wird über Sensoren zu jeder Zeit über den tatsächlichen Stromfluss in und aus dem Energiespeicher informiert. In der Recheneinheit liegen mindestens ein Parameter, der den The expected temperature increase is determined by a computing unit. Advantageously, the current outside temperature of the vehicle is transmitted to the computing unit. The arithmetic unit is informed via sensors at any time about the actual flow of power into and out of the energy storage. In the arithmetic unit are at least one parameter, the
Wärmeübergangswiderstand aus dem Energiespeicher zur Umgebung festlegt. Die Recheneinheit verfügt über mindestens ein Modell, das basierend auf den Eingangsgrößen und den Parametern vorhersagt, welcher Temperaturhub sich bei den aktuellen Messwerten und Parametern einstellt. Defines heat transfer resistance from the energy storage to the environment. The arithmetic unit has at least one model which, based on the input variables and the parameters, predicts which temperature deviation occurs with the current measured values and parameters.
Optional verfügt die Recheneinheit über ein Verfahren, das aus den Messwerten und Parametern und den sich tatsächlich einstellenden Temperaturen Fehler der letzen Schätzung ableitet. Optionally, the arithmetic unit has a method that derives errors of the last estimate from the measured values and parameters and the actually occurring temperatures.
Optional verfügt die Recheneinheit über ein Verfahren dass aus den Fehlern der letzten Messungen Korrekturparameter ableitet. Diese Parameter werden zur Bestimmung eines genaueren Temperaturhubes verwendet. Mit diesem Optionally, the arithmetic unit has a method that derives correction parameters from the errors of the last measurements. These parameters are used to determine a more accurate temperature swing. With this
Verfahren ist es möglich, dass sich das System an einen unterschiedlichen Verbauort mit anderen thermischen Bedingungen anpassen kann. Method, it is possible that the system can adapt to a different installation site with other thermal conditions.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der mindestens eine weitere Parameter in Schritt 280 ein konstant entnehmbarer maximaler Entladestrom des In one embodiment, the at least one further parameter in step 280 is a constantly removable maximum discharge current of
elektrochemischen Energiespeichers. Alternativ kann der mindestens eine weitere Parameter aus einer bisherigen Verwendungsweise des electrochemical energy storage. Alternatively, the at least one further parameter can be derived from a previous use of the
elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt werden, sozusagen als Integral über bisher durchgeführte Entladezyklen. Dabei kann auf Verwendungsdaten aus dem Speicher zurückgegriffen werden. Die Verwendungsdaten umfassen beispielsweise ein Nutzungsprofil des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, einen eingestellten Fahrmodus, der zum Beispiel sportlich, gemäßigt oder energiesparend sein könnte. Darüberhinaus kann der einzustellende Fahrmodus direkt aus den Vorhersage des Systems abgeleitet werden be determined electrochemical energy storage, so to speak as integral over previously performed discharge cycles. It can be used on usage data from the memory. The usage data include, for example, a usage profile of the electrochemical energy store, a set drive mode that could be, for example, athletic, moderate, or energy efficient. Moreover, the drive mode to be set can be derived directly from the prediction of the system
Zwischen den Schritten 250 und 280 kann optional ein Schritt 260 durchgeführt werden, in dem ein Alterungszustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers erfasst wird und das Ladesignal in Schritt 300 zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit des Alterungszustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers erzeugt wird. Des Weiteren kann zwischen den Schritten 250 und 280 optional ein weiterer Schritt 270 durchgeführt werden in dem der Ladestrom durch einen maximal zulässigen Ladestrom des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers begrenzt wird. Dieser Wert wird beispielsweise aus dem Speicher ausgelesen. In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird in einem Schritt 295 überprüft, ob die Anfangstemperatur der Batterie kleiner ist als die Endtemperatur der Batterie. Ist dies der Fall so wird das Verfahren fortgesetzt und in Schritt 300 das Ladesignal erzeugt. Ist die Anfangstemperatur größer als die Endtemperatur, so wird das Verfahren beendet und erst nach einer bestimmten Zeitdauer unter Between steps 250 and 280, a step 260 can optionally be carried out in which an aging state of the electrochemical energy store is detected and the charging signal is additionally generated in step 300 as a function of the aging state of the electrochemical energy store. Furthermore, between steps 250 and 280, optionally, a further step 270 may be carried out in which the charging current is limited by a maximum permissible charging current of the electrochemical energy store. This value is read from the memory, for example. In a further embodiment, it is checked in a step 295 whether the initial temperature of the battery is lower than the end temperature of the battery. If this is the case, the method is continued and the charging signal is generated in step 300. If the initial temperature is greater than the final temperature, the process is terminated and only after a certain period of time
Berücksichtigung der Umgebungstemperatur erneut gestartet. Alternativ wird der Ladestrom in Abhängigkeit von der zu erwartenden Temperatur eingestellt. Somit wird sichergestellt, dass der Energiespeicher zu jeder Zeit mit einem Strom geladen werden kann. Considering the ambient temperature restarted. Alternatively, the charging current is set as a function of the expected temperature. This ensures that the energy store can be charged with a current at any time.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Informationssignal erzeugt, wenn der Ladestrom durch den maximal zulässigen Ladestrom begrenzt wird. Das Informationssignal repräsentiert die Information, dass der tatsächliche In a further embodiment, an information signal is generated when the charging current is limited by the maximum allowable charging current. The information signal represents the information that the actual
Ladezustand der Batterie zum Nutzungszeitpunkt kleiner ist als der vom Nutzer gewünschte Ladezustand. Dieses Informationssignal kann zum Zeitpunkt des Ladestarts beispielsweise auf einem Display des elektrochemischen Charge state of the battery at the time of use is less than the desired state of charge by the user. This information signal can at the time of charging, for example, on a display of the electrochemical
Energiespeichers, einem Display eines Fahrzeugs oder dem mobilen Endgerät angezeigt werden. Energy storage, a display of a vehicle or the mobile device to be displayed.
Alternativ kann eine verbleibende Ladezeit bis zum Erreichen des ersten Alternatively, a remaining charge time until reaching the first
Ladezustand und ein aktueller Ladezustand angezeigt werden. Charging state and a current state of charge are displayed.
Der elektrochemische Energiespeicher findet beispielsweise in einem elektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeug Anwendung. Das elektrisch betriebene Fahrzeug kann einThe electrochemical energy storage is used for example in an electrically powered vehicle application. The electrically powered vehicle can
Zweirad sein, insbesondere ein Roller. Be a two-wheeler, especially a scooter.
Das Verfahren kann auch für andere elektrisch betriebene Systeme und Geräte verwendet werden, wenn diese direkt nach dem Laden verwendet werden sollen. Die vorliegende Erfindung optimiert das Laden also auf die im unmittelbarenThe method can also be used for other electrically operated systems and devices if they are to be used directly after charging. The present invention thus optimizes loading to those in the immediate
Anschluss an den Ladevorgang oder in absehbarer Zeit geplante Nutzung des Systems, Gerätes oder Fahrzeug. Following the charging process or planned use of the system, device or vehicle in the foreseeable future.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren (200) zum Laden eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, 1. Method (200) for charging an electrochemical energy store,
insbesondere einer Batterie, mit den Schritten: especially a battery, with the steps:
• Erfassen (210) eines ersten Eingabesignals,  Detecting (210) a first input signal,
• Erfassen (220) eines zweiten Eingabesignals,  Detecting (220) a second input signal,
• Bestimmen (240) eines Istladezustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, Determining (240) an actual charge state of the electrochemical energy store,
• Erfassen (250) einer Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen • detecting (250) an initial temperature of the electrochemical
Energiespeichers,  Energy storage,
• Bestimmen (280) eines Temperaturhubs in Abhängigkeit einer vorgegebenen Betriebsdauer und mindestens eines weiteren Parameters,  Determining (280) a temperature deviation as a function of a predetermined operating time and at least one further parameter,
• Bestimmen (290) einer Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, wobei die Endtemperatur eine Differenz einer maximal zulässigen Temperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und des Temperaturhubs ist, Determining (290) a final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the final temperature being a difference between a maximum allowable temperature of the electrochemical energy store and the temperature swing,
• Erzeugen (300) eines Ladessignals in Abhängigkeit der Anfangstemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, der Endtemperatur des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, des ersten Eingabesignals, des zweiten Eingabesignals und des Istladezustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, wobei das Generating (300) a charge signal as a function of the starting temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the final temperature of the electrochemical energy store, the first input signal, the second input signal and the actual state of charge of the electrochemical energy store, wherein the
Ladesignal einen Ladestrom umfasst, und  Charging signal includes a charging current, and
• Ansteuern (310) einer Ladevorrichtung mittels Ladesignal zum Laden des  • driving (310) a charging device by means of charging signal for loading the
elektrochemischen Energiespeichers.  electrochemical energy storage.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first
Eingabesignal einen Nutzungszeitpunkt des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers repräsentiert.  Input signal represents a time of use of the electrochemical energy storage.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Eingabesignal einen Sollladezustand des elektrochemischen 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the second input signal is a nominal state of charge of the electrochemical
Energiespeichers zum Nutzungszeitpunkt repräsentiert.  Energy storage at the time of use represents.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine weitere Parameter ein konstant entnehmbarer maximaler Entladestrom des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers ist oder ein entnehmbarer Entladestrom, der aus einer bisherigen Verwendungsweise des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt wird. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one further parameter is a constantly removable maximum discharge current of the electrochemical energy store or a removable Discharge current, which is determined from a previous use of the electrochemical energy storage.
5. Verfahren (200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 5. The method (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass ein Alterungszustand des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bestimmt wird und das Ladesignal in Abhängigkeit des Alterungszustands des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers eingestellt wird. in that an aging state of the electrochemical energy store is determined and the charging signal is set as a function of the aging state of the electrochemical energy store.
6. Verfahren (200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 6. The method (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladestrom auf einen maximal zulässigen Ladestrom des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers begrenzt wird. in that the charging current is limited to a maximum permissible charging current of the electrochemical energy store.
7. Verfahren (200) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein 7. The method (200) according to claim 6, characterized in that a
Informationssignal, insbesondere zum Zeitpunkt eines Ladebeginns, erzeugt wird, wobei das Informationssignal angibt, dass ein tatsächlicher Ladezustand des elektrochemischen Speichers zum Nutzungszeitpunkt kleiner sein wird als der Sollladezustand. Information signal, in particular at the time of charging start, is generated, wherein the information signal indicates that an actual state of charge of the electrochemical storage at the time of use will be smaller than the nominal state of charge.
8. Verfahren (200) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das 8. The method (200) according to claim 7, characterized in that the
Informationssignal auf einem HMI des elektrochemischen Energiespeichers, einem HMI eines Fahrzeugs oder einem mobilen Endgerät ausgegeben wird. Information signal is output on an HMI of the electrochemical energy storage, an HMI of a vehicle or a mobile terminal.
9. Batteriemanagementsystem (115) mit einer Steuereinheit (111) und einem 9. Battery management system (115) with a control unit (111) and a
Speicher (112), wobei das Batteriemanagementsystem (115) dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 auszuführen. Memory (112), wherein the battery management system (115) is adapted to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Batteriesystem mit mindestens einem elektrochemischen Energiespeicher und einem Batteriemanagementsystem (115) nach Anspruch 9. 10. Battery system with at least one electrochemical energy store and a battery management system (115) according to claim 9.
11. Batteriesystem nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrochemische Energiespeicher Li-Ionen-Zellen, LiS-Zellen, LiO-Zellen oder Feststoffzellen umfasst. 11. Battery system according to claim 10, characterized in that the electrochemical energy store comprises Li-ion cells, LiS cells, LiO cells or solid cells.
12. Verwendung eines Batteriesystems nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11 in einem Fahrzeug. 12. Use of a battery system according to any one of claims 10 or 11 in a vehicle.
13. Verwendung einer Batteriesystems nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Fahrzeug ein elektrisch betriebenes Zweirad, insbesondere ein Roller, ist. 13. Use of a battery system according to claim 12, wherein the vehicle is an electrically operated two-wheeler, in particular a scooter.
EP17791025.4A 2016-12-06 2017-10-19 Method for charging an electrochemical energy storage device, a battery management system, a battery system and use of the battery system Withdrawn EP3551495A1 (en)

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