EP3550077B1 - Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische steinschlagbarriere - Google Patents

Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische steinschlagbarriere Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3550077B1
EP3550077B1 EP18382232.9A EP18382232A EP3550077B1 EP 3550077 B1 EP3550077 B1 EP 3550077B1 EP 18382232 A EP18382232 A EP 18382232A EP 3550077 B1 EP3550077 B1 EP 3550077B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
posts
support structure
post
barrier
dynamic
Prior art date
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EP18382232.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3550077A1 (de
Inventor
Theophil Bernhard Löpfe
Gabriel Otegui Polit
Miguel Angel León García
Isidro Lopez Lopez
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Desnivel Agranaltura SA
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Desnivel Agranaltura SA
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Priority to ES18382232T priority Critical patent/ES2831328T3/es
Priority to EP18382232.9A priority patent/EP3550077B1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2019/058647 priority patent/WO2019193155A1/en
Priority to PE2020001528A priority patent/PE20211842A1/es
Publication of EP3550077A1 publication Critical patent/EP3550077A1/de
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Publication of EP3550077B1 publication Critical patent/EP3550077B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support structure used in a protective structure against the fall of rocks, more particularly of the dynamic rockfall barrier type.
  • rockfall can be occasioned by works, natural phenomena or natural causes, and can produce severe damages to people, buildings and infrastructures, with severe economic or social consequences.
  • dynamic rockfall barrier relies on the impact absorption by means of the progressive dissipation of the kinetic energy of the impact, which is converted into braking energy.
  • dynamic rockfall barriers typically comprise at least a net made of wires or steel cables, mounted with cables onto a support structure (typically metallic posts) that is articulated on its base and anchored into the ground. Falling rocks are stopped by energy dissipating elements, such as nets, cables typically provided with braking means and anchorages. Thanks to the deformation characteristics of these elements, the system can withstand a high impact energy. During the impact, the system ensures that the energy from the falling rocks is dissipated.
  • the first cable net is known in the 1950's, first to protect against snow avalanches, later to stop rockfall. These systems were made by nets of cables, intertwined and stapled among them, configuring a surface of a panel-type, supporting the impact of a falling rock. These primitive nets removed the stiffness of the existing rigid barriers at the time, that were made of concrete, wood or steel and that absorbed the impacts in a stiff manner and without any flexibility, originating often failures, even when subjected only to low energy impacts. With the concept of flexibility, dynamic barriers have been originated.
  • braking means started to be added to the cables connecting the nets and the support structure with the anchorages. These braking means allowed increasing the braking distance and consequently allowed the absorption of higher kinetic energy. The braking means turned into the differentiating element of each manufacturer.
  • rockfall is a very sporadic phenomenon, but usually with big blocks and high energies.
  • Rockfall protection systems are installed where maybe only one or no event of rockfall occurs in a lifespan of the described system.
  • rockfall protections should offer higher stiffness and less deformation on impacts and less maintenance needs.
  • the protection against frequent rockfall on hundreds or even thousands of kilometers of roads and railroads cannot be solved by highly flexible and costly protection systems of high energy, because it is simply unaffordable for these countries.
  • the support structure of the present invention is applied to this type of barriers that could be named as semi-dynamic, protecting structures against having limited flexibility, high reliability, as well as easy, fast and reliable assembly, and with market prices which are lower than those for the full or hyper dynamic barriers.
  • the present invention develops several improvements in the support structures of the above-mentioned barriers.
  • a dynamic barrier system comprising, basically, an intercepting structure comprising a metallic net more or less dense, a support structure comprising several posts, anchored in an articulated manner to the soil and to which the net is fixed, and several connecting components comprising steel cables fixing the top ends of the posts, as well as a set of anchoring elements.
  • At least a braking means is integrated in the respective connecting components: in the case of a fall of a rock or a similar element, the braking means proportionally absorb traction energies or other energies appearing in the net.
  • This type of braking means are typically shaped as a U or as a ring and comprise, for example, a curved metallic tube (metallic bar), joined on one end with a string to the support or post and, on the other end, joined with a string to the net.
  • a curved metallic tube metallic bar
  • Another example of support structure is described in EP 2268867 A1 , for example, disclosing a cable guide for moveable cables used in rockfall barriers joined to a supporting post by means of a running roller and joint halves, which presents a complicated structure.
  • WO 87/00878 A1 discloses a support structure within a falling rock barrier structure.
  • the support structure comprises a plurality of posts fixed to the ground by means of anchorage bars.
  • the posts are joined to the anchorage bars by means of a base plate.
  • a pair of gussets that are forseen as having two coaxial holes. Between the two gussets a plate can penetrate, which is provided with two coaxial holes on its lower part and further two holes on the upper side, perpendicular to the previous ones.
  • a pivot passes connecting the plate to the base plate and through the upper pair of holes a second pivot passes connecting the plate to the post.
  • JP 2015209727 A discloses another support structure within a falling rock barrier structure.
  • the support structure comprises a plurality of posts fixed to the around by means of anchorage bars.
  • the posts are joined to the anchorage bars by means of a support base.
  • a pair of bracket portions are formed on the support base so as to protrude from each other.
  • a support shaft is supported between the pair of bracket portions so as to extend in a horizontal direction with the axis centered in the left-right direction.
  • a support column is rotatably supported at the lower end of the support shaft.
  • FR 1190613 A discloses a device a device for preventing the formation of avalanches by using nets, in particular metal nets.
  • Nets are connected to the ground by means of mobile supports in relation to their foundation. This is obtained by the fact that the supports have a movable foot.
  • This mobile foot has a joint, so that the support can lend itself to the stress exerted by the snow held by the net, so that at the foot of the said support no bending moment is transmitted into the foundation.
  • the foot of the support is in the form of a cardan joint with two rotation axes. In some cases a cardan joint is dispensed with and a simple roller joint is provided.
  • WO 88/04708 A1 discloses a snow support structure comprising a plurality of grate beams arranged parallel to the slope surface, which are attached to upright supports extending substantially parallel to one another and preferably inclined to the normal to the slope surface, the lower ends of which are attached to the slope in a tensile manner and each of which is supported at the top by an inclined support, support supported by its lower end on the slope, characterized in that the beams formed by woods are fixed to the ends of the grate beams and are articulated to the supports by horizontal steel bolts.
  • Two sheet metal brackets are welded to the shaped tube, which laterally embrace the lower end of the support, to which the lower end of the support is hinged by means of the horizontal bolt passing through the sheet metal brackets and this support end. The bolt is then secured with a screw nut.
  • HEB and HEA metallic profiles
  • HEB and HEA posts present very low stiffness and, when hit by a rock, they bend easily.
  • HEB and HEA posts present limited resistance on compression, as a rockfall impact generates high compressive forces through upper and lower cables onto the posts.
  • ETAG 027 guideline considers the posts as simple "holding elements" of the nets, being these nets and brakes, the key elements that are in fact tested and certified as to their absorption ability: however, in the tests effected according to the mentioned guideline, it is not considered that the rock may hit the post.
  • the present invention comes to provide a solution to this need, providing a reliable support structure for a rockfall barrier that is also able to withstand and effectively absorb rock impacts occurring on the post itself.
  • the present invention aims at providing a support structure that improves and simplifies the existing support structures known in the state of the art.
  • the invention also aims at other objects and particularly at the solution of other problems as will appear in the rest of the present description.
  • the present invention refers to a support structure for a barrier for protection against the fall of rocks: this barrier will be typically installed in slopes or vertical locations in mountainous environments, as a retention element for rocks avoiding they fall and impact on structures or infrastructures arranged below.
  • the support structure of the invention and the final barrier so configured presents several advantages with respect to the barriers in the known prior art: the constructive and configuration characteristics provide higher effectiveness and optimized manufacturing costs.
  • barriers are used to minimize damages coming from natural disasters such as from the falling of rocks, blocks, stones, including landslides or debris flow where water is an important element.
  • these barriers have the ability of absorbing high energy without being damaged, thanks to their flexible structural configuration intercepting rockfall, shallow landslides or debris flow.
  • a rockfall protection system typically comprises: an interception structure, a support structure and connection components. Further details of each of these elements will be provided in what follows.
  • the interception structure has the function of bearing the direct impact of the mass (rocks or debris flow), deforming elastically and/or plastically, and transmitting the stresses to the connection components, the support structure and the foundations.
  • This interception structure usually comprises a main net made up of metallic wires or cables of different types and/or materials. It may also comprise additional layers: usually with a finer meshwork than the main net made up of cables and/or wires or other materials.
  • a number of typologies of metal nettings are known, such as, for example, loose mesh nettings and single or double twisted hexagonal mesh nettings. Each netting typology generally has a specific application, depending on the technical characteristics of the metal wires forming it and on how those wires are mutually arranged.
  • the support structure has the function of maintaining the interception structure erected and unbent, which is by nature not rigid: generally it is connected to the interception structure by the connection components.
  • the support structure typically comprises a plurality of posts made of different materials, geometries and/or lengths and which may be provided at the bottom with a hinge. Typically, posts made of profiles HEB or HEA are used, allowing to reduce the weight transported.
  • the head of the post comprises drillings and additional welded elements intended to guide the support cables.
  • a plate is arranged on the ground: this ground plate is fixed to the ground either directly or by a concrete plate typically by means of one or several anchor bolts. When concrete foundations are used, the bars can be embedded into the fresh concrete.
  • connection components have the function of transmitting the stresses originated from the impacts onto the interception structure to the foundation.
  • connection components can be installed in the structure, allowing a controlled lengthening of it.
  • connection components usually consist in connecting ropes, steel cables, wires and/or bars of different types and/or materials, junctions, wire rope clips or energy dissipating devices (elements which are able to dissipate energy and/or allow a controlled displacement when stressed).
  • connection components usually consist in connecting ropes, steel cables, wires and/or bars of different types and/or materials, junctions, wire rope clips or energy dissipating devices (elements which are able to dissipate energy and/or allow a controlled displacement when stressed).
  • FIG. 1 gives an example of a falling rock protection system according to the known prior art and explain in general terms the different components of the system according to ETAG027.
  • the support structure and the barrier so configured object of the present invention comprise the above-mentioned elements, but present improvements with respect to them in order to simplify the said structures for facilitating their installation and for optimizing costs, without losing effectiveness nor functional efficiency.
  • the support structure of the invention and the so configured dynamic barrier against occasional or frequent rockfall, shallow landslide or debris flow, has limited flexibility, with no braking means or with a reduced use of braking means, absorption ability in its entire interception surface, with easy, fast and safe installation, as well as having lower costs.
  • novel support structure of the invention applied on a "semi-dynamic" barrier is based on a novel support structure configured as a post of tubular profile, simplified and without the need of any welding, directly positioned over an anchorage by means of an elongated screw and a fastener, so the ground plate of the prior art is removed.
  • Said structure is fixed by single or double top and bottom perimeter cables, as well as by cables towards the anchorages uphill.
  • stronger dimensioned ring nets allow the reduction or even suppression of any type of braking means or energy dissipating devices.
  • the main novel features of the barrier comprising the support structure of the invention with respect to the barriers in the prior art are: the possibility of removing any braking means, the removal of the ground plate, the total lack of welding on the posts with a structural function, the almost lack of mechanisation of the post having a tubular profile and the tubular profile guides the cable without any bending which damages the function of the cable.
  • the necessary elements to build up the semi-dynamic barrier of the invention are around ten, compared to the almost thirty different elements needed in the systems used at present.
  • the removal of the braking means is replaced by elements reinforced in its dimensioning, mainly a plurality of rings having a high intrinsic energy absorption ability.
  • the result is a more robust product with the required flexibility to absorb the defined energy with the minimum possible deformation.
  • the lower flexibility allows the installation of the barriers in areas closer to the areas to be protected, for example on the edges of the roads or railroads, as the impacts do not generate high deformation of the barriers and so do not penetrate in the roads or paths.
  • the higher stiffness reduces the need of maintenance, as the accumulation of small impacts, shallow landslides or debris flow does not deform the barrier. By avoiding this deformation, the maximal protection capacity is maintained.
  • the main characteristic of the barrier comprising the support structure of the invention is its lower deformation, compared to that in the known prior art, with significantly lower number of components. This leads to the partial or complete removal of the energy absorption braking means, to the reinforcement of the post, net and cables components, therefore achieving a more favourable weight/deformation ratio and highly reducing the need of maintenance of the barriers. Reducing the number of components and making them simpler leads not only to a high cost reduction, but also allows innovating in a novel logistic concept enabling provisioning site works in lower timings as those existing at present.
  • the total number of components for the barriers of the invention is typically less than ten standardized components.
  • the assembly post-plate-anchorage is simplified in the barrier according to the invention: no ground plate is used in the barrier of the invention, still maintaining the functionalities of the assembly.
  • the assembly simply comprises an anchorage comprising an elongated screw, having an orifice used for fixing it to the post by means of a fastener.
  • posts are fixed onto a plate by means of a fastener which, fixed to the plate in a vertical gusset by a screw, allows the post to tilt.
  • Said plate is screwed to the ground by anchorage bars inserted into the said ground.
  • the barrier of the invention does not comprise any plate, but comprises instead the mentioned drilled screw.
  • This screw comprises a tubular elongated body with an internal threaded nut, comprising on its upper end two drills transversally aligned to allow their connection to the post by means of a fastener.
  • the post used in the barrier of the invention has a tubular profile which provides a higher stiffness in the case of direct impacts to the post.
  • said tubular profiles are tailored cut and have no welding, that is, they are made of one single piece.
  • the support structure in a conventional barrier that is, the posts of it, are usually made out of a machined HEB or HEA metallic profile comprising drills and a plurality of pieces or plates welded, onto which the different connection elements, such as shackles or cable clips are mounted or fixed.
  • the posts in the barrier of the invention being made of standard ones, the manufacturing of them is highly simplified and the disadvantages that may arrive from the welding are also avoided.
  • this union is moved to inside of the post, where it is protected from direct impact of rockfall.
  • braking means Removal of braking means is replaced by reinforced elements such as the plurality of rings and higher diameters of the cables.
  • Conventional barriers typically comprise braking means absorbing impact energy: these braking means are needed in order to create very flexible barriers, having a very high energy absorption ability but also requiring big deformation areas. Moreover, these braking means do not recover their original shape once they have been actuated. Therefore, a barrier with braking means requires frequent maintenance and/or replacement works, once rockfall, landslide or debris flow has occurred. On the contrary, the barrier of the present invention does not require said braking means as it uses connection cables with higher stiffness, maintaining flexibility, but with a lower deformation. Thus, the maintenance needs are reduced and the installation durability is longer.
  • the barrier of the invention can also optionally comprise tensioning elements or braking means.
  • the components making up the barrier of the invention are mostly standard ones, the flexibility in manufacturing and in the delivery of said components is highly improved.
  • the logistics for supplying the barrier components decrease provisioning timings.
  • Figure 1 shows a back view of a falling rock protection kit typically used in the prior art, following the guideline ETAG 027.
  • the interception structure comprises a net 2 made out of several functional modules 2a and several connection components comprising a plurality of cables 5, and post 3 to support the structure and to anchor it to the ground.
  • the falling rock protection kit of the prior art further comprises several energy dissipating devices 20, typically braking means to dissipate the kinetic energy of the impact and convert it into braking energy.
  • Figure 3 represents a side view of the falling rock protection kit of Figure 1 , according to the guideline ETAG 027, and further showing the foundation anchorage of the structure to the ground, by means of several anchorage bars or bolts 4.
  • the connection of the posts 3 to the anchorage bars 4 also needs the use of a ground plate 8, as schematically represented in Figure 3 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a general overview of a falling rock barrier according to the prior art: a similar configuration is also used for the falling rock barrier 1 according to the present invention.
  • the falling rock barrier 1 of the invention comprises an interception structure, typically a net 2, used for intercepting occasional fallings of rocks or other objects, and a support structure comprising a plurality of posts 3 and a plurality of anchorage bars or bolts 4.
  • the net 2 is fixed through the plurality of posts 3 and both the net 2 and the posts 3 are anchored in the ground through the anchorage bars or bolts 4, in an articulated manner.
  • the barrier 1 of the invention is arranged on a ground that is sloped or vertical.
  • the falling rock barrier 1 of the invention further comprises connection components transmitting the stresses originating from the impacts onto the net 2 to the foundation through the support structure.
  • the connection components typically comprise a plurality of cables 5 as shown in Figure 2 : some of these cables 5 join the distal ends of the posts 3 to the ground. Other cables 5 join the lateral ends of the net 2 to the ground, longitudinally crossing the upper and the lower ends of the net 2 and also the middle part of said net 2. Yet another set of cables 5 also join the net 2 and/or the posts 3 to the anchorage bars or bolts 4, anchored in the ground. According to their position and function, the different cables 5 described are known in the prior art as Upper /Lower/Lateral or Upslope ropes.
  • the cables 5 further comprise energy dissipating devices 20, typically braking means (as represented in Figure 1 , though not represented in Figure 2 ).
  • the configuration of the present invention does not comprise these energy dissipating devices 20 or braking means (the configuration of the invention would be similar to that represented in Figure 2 ).
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a part of the net 2 and its connection to the ground by cables 5, according to the known prior art.
  • the barrier 1 of the invention is mainly distinguished from the ones in the prior art in that the posts 3 are joined to the anchorage bars or bolts 4 in a very simplified way: in the prior art, the posts 3 are joined to the bars 4 by means of fasteners 6 acting as an axis in order to allow a certain degree of articulated movement of said joint, further using a ground plate 8; however, in the falling rock barrier 1 of the invention, the posts 3 are joined to the anchorage bars 4 uniquely by a simplified connecting or joining element 7, preferably configured as a drilled screw. Further details will be given in what follows.
  • Figure 6 shows in detail the configuration of the said drilled screw 7, comprising an elongated tubular or rectangular body comprising a threaded part 7a arranged, at least in its inner lower part (see detail in Figure 7 ).
  • the external shape of the drilled screw 7 can adopt different shapes ( figure 6 shows two possible exemplary external shapes).
  • the drilled screw is perforated by two drills 7b transversally aligned with respect to the elongated tubular body of the screw 7.
  • the fastener 6 is inserted through the two drills 7b of the screw 7 and the connection to the post 3 (aligned in an axis 50) is done through corresponding drills 3a in the post 3 as shown in Figure 7 : therefore, the fastener 6 connects the screw 7 to the post 3 by passing through the drills 7b (in the screw 7) and the drills 3a (in the post 3), configured for such proper connection.
  • the drilled screw 7 and the fastener 6 are preferably made of steel, though they can also be made in special reinforced steel, in order to strengthen them.
  • the post 3 is configured having a tubular shape and has the corresponding inner dimensions needed to adjust perfectly over the external dimension of the drilled screw 7, as represented in detail in Figure 7 , so an easier connection is achieved.
  • the connecting elements 7 are partially positioned inside of the posts 3.
  • the connecting elements 7 could be completely positioned inside of the post 3.
  • the tubular shape of the posts 3 can adopt different shapes, such as circular hollow, rectangular hollow, square hollow, hexagonal, etc. It is important to mention that, in any case, the tubular section of the post will have rounded edges, as represented when looking at Figure 8 . This represents an important advantage, as the cables 5 can be tensed around the post 3 without any shearing or cutting risk.
  • the posts are made by having a section in H (typically HEB or HEA profile) that will shear and end by cutting the cables if they would be tensioned around. This is the main reason why, in the support structures of the prior art, the cables are fixed to extra plates and elements that are provided with rounded edges. Contrary to this, the posts in the supporting structure of the invention are configured by full sections of tubes without welding, which represent a less costly configuration avoiding failure risks in the welding.
  • the drilled screws 7 used in the falling rock barrier 1 of the present invention depart from standardized parts: in fact, these screws 7 are adapted from existing parts used as bolt extensions, that is, when the anchorage bars or bolts 4 are very long, it is necessary to join several of them together. This is typically done by using these threaded parts.
  • the drilled screws 7 are made in fact by taking these standardized parts (bolt extensions) making a transversal orifice for the fastener.
  • FIG. 5b shows, on the other hand, the connection of the posts 3 (aligned according to an axis 51) and the anchorage bars 4 (aligned according to an axis 52) according to the prior art.
  • the connecting or joining element between the posts 3 and the anchorage bars 4 is a ground plate 8.
  • This ground plate 8 also comprises a nut 9 ( Figure 5b shows a cap nut, but any type of fastener with a threaded hole would be suitable) for its fixation to the anchorage bars 4, and further comprises two vertical extensions 8a where the fastener 6 will be fixed and to which a lower projection of the mechanised profile configuring the post 3 is inserted. Therefore, the higher sophistication of the ground plate 8 and the installation complexity are evident in the installation according to the prior art.
  • ground plates 8 in the prior art have to be produced by welding different gussets configuring the plate. These welding therefore imply weak points in the overall structure.
  • the components of the connection of anchor-plate-post are exposed to impacts from rockfall and use to be the weak point of rockfall protection system.
  • FIG. 5a shows an example of a possible configuration of the anchoring of the ground plate 8 according to the prior art: it is also represented in this Figure that the ground plate 8 is made out of a plurality of gussets that configure the final ground plate 8.
  • the ground plate 8 is fixed in this example by means of a pair of washer plates and nuts 109, 110 so as to prevent its rotation.
  • the plate 8 is anchored to the ground or soil 1110 by using a main anchor and optionally a stabilization tube 104, 105 and further a securing anchor 106.
  • Other anchoring configurations of the ground plate 8 are also possible, such as in rocks, in concrete, etc. as variants of the anchoring exemplified in Figure 5a .
  • FIG 8 shows in detail the configuration of the posts 3 in the falling rock barrier 1 according to the present invention: it can be seen that these posts comprise drills 3a arranged and aligned so that the fastener 6 can go through. These posts are configured by full sections of tubes, that is, by single parts without welding. Contrary to the posts used in the barriers of the prior art, having a profile in H, on which all sorts of machining and/or mechanization is done (typically welding gussets according to the details in Figures 10a-b ) to be able to fasten or fix onto them a plurality of connecting components needed, such as rings for the cables, pulleys, etc.
  • the configuration of the invention simply uses a post 3 (a tube) comprising drills 3a and also comprising cable clips 30 through which the cables 5 pass, these cable clips 30 being fixed to the posts 3 by two nuts or two fasteners with a threaded hole for each clip 30, as shown in Figure 9 .
  • the drills 30a are intended to receive the cable clips 30, as already explained. According to one embodiment, these drills 30a are made in two opposite sides of the post 3. Another advantage of the invention will be to provide the post 3 with several rows of multiple drills 30a in order to arrange the cable clips 30 according to the soil requirements: because the ground may be irregular, the cables are therefore guided as close as possible to the ground, therefore generating less space in the line of cables (lower side) to the ground.
  • Another advantage of having several rows of drills 30a is the possibility of having the post 3 partially embedded into the ground or the concrete.
  • the posts 3 may have different lengths and according to the soil requirements may be partially sunk in the ground. In this way, the stresses generated onto the posts 3 are transmitted (at least in part) directly to the ground. As there are no ground plates, it is not necessary to carry out any excavation. Therefore this partial embedment of the post 3 provides an additional protection of the joint formed by the fastener 6 and the connecting element 7.
  • Figure 9 shows several possible configurations for the setup of the posts 3 in the ground, also showing their installation in slope areas (the valley sides and the hill sides are also represented in the said Figure 9 ).
  • the lower part of the posts 3 comprise the drills 3a for the fastener in order to join the posts 3 to the anchorage bars 4, these bars 4 being therefore anchored to the soil or ground.
  • both the upper and the lower parts of the posts 3 in the barrier 1 of the invention comprise cable clips 30, preferably fixed to the posts 3 by two nuts or two fasteners with a threaded hole for each clip 30, in order to configure proper paths for the cables 5 to go through, so the posts 3 and the cables 5 tension the net 2 and configure its support structure, the net 2 receiving the occasional impacts from the falling of rocks or other objects.
  • FIGS 10a-b show a further detail of the said assembly in the prior art, showing its full complexity, contrary to the simplicity in the one used in the barrier 1 according to the invention, as represented in Figures 10c-f , where it can be seen the tubular profile of the post 3, with the drills 3a for the fastener 6 to join the post 3 to the bar 4, and the cable clips 30 arranged as passage for the cables 5.
  • Figures 10a and 10b show the configuration of a dynamic rockfall barrier and its support structure according to the known prior art.
  • Figure 10a shows a post 3 anchored to the ground on its post base 32 and with a post head 31. Cables 5 are joined to the post head 31 by means of guiding elements 60: the cables 5 are then anchored to the ground by upslope anchors 36.
  • this known configuration also comprises energy dissipating devices 20 (typically braking means) to absorb and dissipate energy from occasional impacts.
  • a net 2 is joined to the post 3 as it will be explained in more detail later, referring to Figure 10b .
  • the support structure in the known prior art comprises a base plate 8 fixed to the ground by anchorage bars 41 and 42 (the more representatives), nuts 43 and 44, and washers 45, 46 (the washer 45 is vertical and works under compression and shear, while the washer 46 is an anchorage working under traction).
  • the support structure of the invention (as represented in Figure 7 ) is much simpler: the anchorage of the post 3 to the ground is done directly by an elongated screw (connecting element 7) having an orifice 7b through which a fastener 6 is arranged in order to fix the post 3 to the connecting element 7.
  • the post 3 of the invention is tubular and is made of one single piece, requiring no welding and the connecting elements 7 are partially or completely positioned inside of the posts 3.
  • the posts 3 used in the prior art have a profile HEB or HEA, that prevents the cables 5 (tensioning the posts to the ground) and the cables tensioning the net 2 ((upper ropes 23, optionally middle ropes 22 (used in very high energy barriers) and lower ropes 21) to be directly tensed around the post 3 as there will exist a high risk of shearing or cutting of these cables. Therefore, it is necessary to use rounded pieces (of the pulley or running wheel type, as shown by pieces 80 and 90 in Figure 10b ) that will avoid said risk for the cables. These pieces 80 and 90 are welded to the posts 3, which complicates the structure, the installation and increases the cost.
  • the tubular profile configuring the post 3 can be filled with cement and/or mortar and/or concrete, at least partly.
  • a structural reinforcement of the post 3 is obtained in a very simple and non-costly way.
  • the thickness of the post is variable depending on the reinforcement needed for it and on whether or not it will be filled with cement and/or mortar and/or concrete.
  • the known posts in the state of the art, having a profile HEB or HEA are not capable to resist impacts but sometimes neither to the compression force of the upper and lower cables over them.
  • a rounded post (or rectangular with rounded edges) that can even be filled with concrete or cement increases resistance to impacts remote from the centre of the panels, as it is defined by EOTA.
  • the filled rounded post presents a development of the barriers towards barriers able to resist impacts over the whole of their protection area.
  • This reinforcement of the posts 3 is particularly important in cases where occasional impacts can happen not in the net 2 but in the posts 3 themselves.
  • the profile of the posts in H is not adapted for these direct impacts on the posts, as these profiles do not offer a high structural resistance against such impacts.
  • filling the inner part of the profile of the posts 3 with cement and/or mortar and/or concrete can be done directly in situ at the work site during the installation of the falling rock barrier 1.
  • a particular advantage of the structure of the invention is that the components configuring it, with the exception of the net 2 and the drilled screw 7 are standard elements that can be easily obtained in the market.
  • the net 2 is more specific but the same as used in similar prior art falling rock protection barriers, and the drilled screw, as described previously, is a standard part used as bolt extension where two orifices have been made. Therefore, contrary to the existing barriers in the prior art, specifically designed and made for each project, the barrier of the invention comprises standard elements easily obtainable or uses standard elements slightly modified.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere, Folgendes umfassend:
    mehrere Pfosten (3), die jeweils mittels einer mit ihnen verbundenen Ankerstange (4), die entlang einer gemeinsamen Ausrichtungsachse (50) an den Pfosten (3) ausgerichtet ist, direkt im Boden verankert sind.
    wobei jeder Pfosten (3) rohrförmig ist und über ein Verbindungselement (7) und ein Befestigungselement (6) jeweils direkt mit einer zugehörigen Ankerstange (4) verbunden ist;
    und wobei das Befestigungselement (6) durch eine oder mehrere Bohrungen (7b) im Verbindungselement (7) und eine oder mehrere Bohrungen (3a) im Pfosten (3) verläuft;
    wobei das Verbindungselement (7) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    es eine Schraube mit einem einzelnen länglichen, rohrförmigen Element umfasst, das einen Gewindeteil (7a) umfasst, der zumindest am inneren, unteren Teil zum Verbinden der Verbindungselemente (7) mit den jeweiligen Ankerstangen (4) angeordnet ist, wobei die Verbindungselemente (7) ferner die zwei Bohrungen (7b) umfassen, die in Bezug zum länglichen, rohrförmigen Körper der Schraube (7) quer ausgerichtet sind, um das Einsetzen des Befestigungselements (6) zur Verbindung der Pfosten (3) mit den Verbindungselementen (7) zuzulassen.
  2. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Pfosten (3) aus einem einzigen Stück bestehen.
  3. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Pfosten (3) abgerundete Kanten aufweisen.
  4. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der Ansprüche 2-3, wobei die rohrförmigen Pfosten (3) rund, rechteckig, quadratisch sechseckig oder anderwertig rohrförmig sein können.
  5. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Pfosten (3) mehrere Bohrungen (30a) umfassen, die dazu bestimmt sind Drahtseilklemmen(30) aufzunehmen, durch die die Drahtseile (5) verlaufen.
  6. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Drahtseilklemmen (30) auf zwei beliebigen der entgegengesetzten Seiten der Pfosten (3) angeordnet und über zwei Muttern oder zwei Befestigungselemente mit einer Gewindebohrung für jede Drahtseilklemme (30) an den Pfosten (3) befestigt sind.
  7. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verbindungselement (7) eine verlängerte Schraube ist.
  8. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verbindungselemente (7) teilweise oder vollständig innerhalb der Pfosten (3) angeordnet sind.
  9. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Verbindungselemente (7) eine zur Innenform der Pfosten (3) passende Außenform aufweisen.
  10. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verbindungselemente (7) und/oder die Befestigungselemente (6) aus Stahl und/oder speziellem verstärktem Stahl bestehen.
  11. Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische Steinschlagbarriere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Pfosten (3) in ihrem Profil zumindest teilweise mit Zement und/oder Mörtel und/oder Beton gefüllt sind.
  12. Steinschlagbarrierestruktur (1), wobei die Barriere eine Auffangeinrichtung (2) zur Aufnahme des Aufpralls gelegentlichen oder häufigen Steinschlags, flacher Erdrutsch- oder Gerölllawinen, die sich verformt und die Belastung auf den Boden überträgt, und mehrere Drahtseile (5) zum Tragen der Auffangeinrichtung (2) und zum Übertragen der erzeugten Belastungen auf die Auffangeinrichtung (2) zum Boden umfasst, wobei die Barriere ferner eine Trägerstruktur nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
EP18382232.9A 2018-04-05 2018-04-05 Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische steinschlagbarriere Active EP3550077B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES18382232T ES2831328T3 (es) 2018-04-05 2018-04-05 Estructura de soporte para una barrera dinámica de protección contra la caída de rocas
EP18382232.9A EP3550077B1 (de) 2018-04-05 2018-04-05 Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische steinschlagbarriere
PCT/EP2019/058647 WO2019193155A1 (en) 2018-04-05 2019-04-05 Support structure for a dynamic rockfall barrier
PE2020001528A PE20211842A1 (es) 2018-04-05 2019-04-05 Estructura de soporte para una barrera dinamica de proteccion contra la caida de rocas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18382232.9A EP3550077B1 (de) 2018-04-05 2018-04-05 Trägerstruktur für eine dynamische steinschlagbarriere

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EP3550077A1 EP3550077A1 (de) 2019-10-09
EP3550077B1 true EP3550077B1 (de) 2020-08-05

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ES (1) ES2831328T3 (de)
PE (1) PE20211842A1 (de)
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Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1190613A (fr) * 1956-11-21 1959-10-14 Dispositif pour empêcher la formation des avalanches
IT1184798B (it) * 1985-07-31 1987-10-28 Gianangelo Cargnel Struttura per parete paramassi elastica migliorata
AT386632B (de) * 1986-12-23 1988-09-26 Wolfsegg Traunthaler Kohlenwer Schneestuetzwerk und ein aus zumindest zwei schneestuetzwerken gebildeter lawinenverbau
US5435524A (en) 1993-12-06 1995-07-25 Ingram; L. Howard Impact fence
CH695104A5 (de) 2000-11-13 2005-12-15 Fatzer Ag Auffangnetz insbesondere für Steinschlagverbauungen
CH702242B1 (de) 2008-04-16 2011-05-31 Geobrugg Ag Seilführung für langs-, quer- bzw. höhenbewegliche Drähte, Litzen oder Seile.
KR20160092002A (ko) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-03 가부시키가이샤 프로텍 엔지니어링 방호책
JP6330454B2 (ja) * 2014-04-30 2018-05-30 株式会社深沢工務所 防護ネット及びその施工方法並びに既設防護ネットに対する補強構造及びその施工方法
JP6014282B1 (ja) * 2014-11-28 2016-10-25 株式会社プロテックエンジニアリング 柔構造の防護構造体

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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PE20211842A1 (es) 2021-09-17
ES2831328T3 (es) 2021-06-08
WO2019193155A1 (en) 2019-10-10
EP3550077A1 (de) 2019-10-09

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