EP3537428A1 - Unité multicouche de réduction du bruit et/ou du son - Google Patents

Unité multicouche de réduction du bruit et/ou du son Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3537428A1
EP3537428A1 EP18159996.0A EP18159996A EP3537428A1 EP 3537428 A1 EP3537428 A1 EP 3537428A1 EP 18159996 A EP18159996 A EP 18159996A EP 3537428 A1 EP3537428 A1 EP 3537428A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
noise
sound
layer
reducing
inorganic powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18159996.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Buri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omya International AG
Original Assignee
Omya International AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omya International AG filed Critical Omya International AG
Priority to EP18159996.0A priority Critical patent/EP3537428A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2019/055381 priority patent/WO2019170633A1/fr
Publication of EP3537428A1 publication Critical patent/EP3537428A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/06—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/10—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood; of wood particle board
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/042—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/04—4 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a noise and/or sound reducing multilayer unit for reducing noise and/or sound having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz, preferably from 100 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz, a method for the preparation of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, a noise and/or sound-protection wall comprising one or more noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit(s) as well as the use of an inorganic powder material as noise and/or sound-reducing material or for the preparation of a noise and/or sound-protection wall.
  • Noise and/or sound protection walls are used in a great variety of fields where a noise and/or sound reduction or complete noise and/or sound deadening is desired in order to protect human and/or animal subjects from the harmful effects of noise and/or sound.
  • the fields thus cover industrial areas such as noise and/or sound-effecting industrial plants, public areas such as airports, train areas, highways, libraries, sports areas, kindergardens, playgrounds and schools as well as private areas such as properties, bed rooms, bathrooms, living rooms, hobby rooms, music rooms, cellars, and garden areas.
  • noise and/or sound-protection walls build up of individual building units are gaining more and more interest.
  • An individual building unit which, through stacking and/or juxtaposing several units, enables a quick and easy build-up of a noise and/or sound-protection wall which reduces the noise sensation on one side of the wall.
  • an individual building unit In its "basic" form, which is the most commonly widespread one, such an individual building unit consists of a box-shaped cage whose bottom, four side walls, and, if appropriate, the lid are made from flat wire mesh pieces fixed respectively to each other, typically using clips, steel wire ties and/or welding. The cage is then filled with crushed stone or, more generally, a similar granular material, whose aggregate is retained within the cage since it cannot pass through the holes in the mesh. Stacked and/or juxtaposed individual building units can be bound together using clips or wire ties in order to build-up a wall.
  • DE 20 2006 003 050 refers to a wire basket having a floor and side walls and at least one sound absorbing coating that is made up of at least one flexible container filled with sand.
  • the flexible container is in the form of a sack that consists of a fleece.
  • the sound absorbing coating lies at a distance behind the visible side of the basket.
  • FR 2 902 808 A1 refers to a wall having courses with modules, whose cage is filled with a filling material e.g. crushed stone, and is formed by a metallic trellis.
  • the courses are arranged one behind the other, and the modules are stacked over each other.
  • a core made of acoustic material is inserted between the courses, and extends along length and height of the wall while acting as a continuous barrier.
  • the acoustic material can be concrete, wood, polystyrene or steel.
  • a layer made of geotextile, geosynthetic or acoustic absorbing material is inserted between the core and filling material.
  • European patent application EP3214224 A1 refers to a gabion comprising a cage basically box-shaped, made up of a bottom, two frontal walls and two side walls. That bottom, frontal and side walls are all formed from meshes respectively that are fixed to each other; two compartmenting partitions, that each connect the side walls to one other within the interior of the cage so that the internal volume of the cage is divided into: two frontal compartments that are each filled with a filler material made up of aggregate that cannot pass through the respective meshes of the bottom, the frontal or the side walls, nor through the compartmenting partitions in such a way that it is retained within those frontal compartments, and an intermediate compartment, bounded by the compartmenting partitions and which is able to receive a granular acoustic insulation material; and at least one lifting partition, that fixedly connects the frontal walls to each other within the cage extending through each of the frontal compartments and the intermediate compartment, which, opposite the bottom, is provided with at least one grab handle, and which, for the part
  • noise and/or sound-reducing means that offer very good acoustic properties.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing means are versatile in use and that they can be build-up by private individuals as well as professionals such as civil engineers and workers in a fast, easy and individual manner.
  • a noise and/or sound-reducing unit which provides very good acoustic properties.
  • a noise and/or sound-reducing unit that can be build-up to a noise and/or sound-protection wall by private individuals as well as professionals such as civil engineers and workers in a fast, easy and individual manner.
  • a noise and/or sound-reducing unit that is versatile in use and can be used in a great variety of fields.
  • a noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit for reducing noise and/or sound having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz, preferably from 100 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz is provided.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer which are arranged such that one or more space(s) is/are formed between the solid back and front layers, and the one or more space(s) is/are at least partially filled with an inorganic powder material forming one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s), wherein the one or more inorganic powder material forming noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) has/have in sum an average thickness of 0.1 to 100 cm, wherein
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit further comprises a) one or more intermediate layer(s) positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer and separating two adjacent noise and/or sound-reducing layers from each other, and/or b) one or more side layer(s) configured such that the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) are hold in position, and/or c) a top layer, and/or d) a bottom layer and e) optionally at least one layer is of honeycomb shape.
  • the multilayer unit is a three- to twenty-layer unit, preferably a three- to ten-layer unit, and more preferably a three- to five-layer unit.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit are the same or different, preferably the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are made of metal and/or wood and/or concrete and/or brick stone and/or plastic, particularly the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are in plate form and/or wire form and/or of honeycomb shape oriented vertically, horizontally or in any form.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer a) has the same or different stiffness, preferably a stiffness of at least 10 mNm, more preferably of at least 100 mNm, and most preferably of at least 500 mNm, and/or b) has the same or different average thickness, preferably an average thickness in the range from 1 to 120 cm, more preferably in the range from 2 to 100 cm, more preferably from 5 to 50 cm.
  • the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) comprise(s) of at least 90 wt.% of the inorganic powder material
  • the inorganic powder material is selected from the group comprising baryt, such as natural or synthetic baryt, talc, mica, clay, kaolin, titanium dioxide, bentonite, magnesite, satin white, silicates, calcium carbonate-comprising materials, such as natural calcium carbonate, synthetic calcium carbonate, surface modified calcium carbonate and materials comprising calcium carbonate such as dolomite or mixed carbonate based materials of such as mixture, and mixtures thereof; preferably baryt, such as natural baryt or synthetic baryt, talc, mica, clay, bentonite, silicates, calcium carbonate-comprising materials, such as natural calcium carbonate, more preferably marble, limestone and/or chalk, and materials comprising calcium carbonate such as dolomite, and mixtures thereof.
  • baryt such as natural or synthetic baryt, talc, mica,
  • the inorganic powder material has i) a bulk density in the range from 0.6 to 1.8 kg/L, and/or ii) a moisture content of ⁇ 5 wt.%, preferably of ⁇ 2 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the inorganic powder material, and/or iii) a weight particle size d 90 of ⁇ 1 500 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 4 to 1 500 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 10 to 1 000 ⁇ m, and iv) a weight median particle size d 50 in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 200 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.2 to 900 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 0.2 to 750 ⁇ m, most preferably in the range from 0.2 to 500 ⁇ m, and v) a weight particle size d 10 in the range from 0.1 to 175 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has a steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] in the range from 2.5 to 30.
  • the inorganic powder material has a ratio of steepness factor to bulk density, expressed by a quotient obtained by dividing the steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] to bulk density [steepness factor/bulk density (kg/L)], of ⁇ 30, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 25, more preferably in the range from 0.8 to 20 and most preferably in the range from 1 to 15.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing layer formed by the inorganic powder material has an average layer thickness in the range from 1 to 100 cm, preferably in the range from 10 to 80 cm, more preferably in the range from 12 to 60 cm and most preferably in the range from 13 to 40 cm.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic or hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • a method for the preparation of a noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises at least the steps of:
  • the method further comprises i) a step c1), preferably carried out after step c) and/or before step d), of arranging one or more intermediate layer(s) such that they are positioned between the at least one solid front layer and the at least one solid back layer, and/or ii) a step c2), preferably carried out after step c) and/or before step d), of arranging one or more side layer(s) such that they are positioned at one or more open sides of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, and/or iii) a step c3) preferably carried out after step d), of arranging a top layer such that it is positioned on the top of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, and/or iv) a step c4), preferably carried out before step c), of arranging a bottom layer such that it is positioned at the bottom of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • a noise and/or sound-protection wall comprising one or more noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit(s) as defined herein is provided.
  • an inorganic powder material as defined herein as noise and/or sound-reducing material is provided.
  • an inorganic powder material as defined herein for the preparation of a noise and/or sound-protection wall is provided.
  • noise and/or sound refers to any sound and/or noise that is above the hearing threshold of human beings, i.e. 0 dB (about 20 x 10 -6 Pa). It is appreciated that the terms “noise” and “sound” are interchangeable.
  • the term “thickness”, if not indicated otherwise, refers to the depths of the corresponding layer or part.
  • inventive noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit When in the following reference is made to preferred embodiments or technical details of the inventive noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, it is to be understood that these preferred embodiments or technical details also refer to the inventive noise and/or sound-protection wall, inventive method and the inventive uses as defined herein (as far as applicable).
  • the inventive noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer which are arranged such that one or more space(s) is/are formed between the solid back and front layers, and the one or more space(s) is/are at least partially filled with an inorganic powder material forming one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s).
  • an inorganic powder material forming one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s).
  • a noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit for reducing noise having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz, preferably from 100 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz comprising at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer which are arranged such that one or more space(s) is/are formed between the solid back and front layers, and the one or more space(s) is/are at least partially filled with an inorganic powder material forming one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s), wherein the one or more inorganic powder material forming noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) has/have in sum an average thickness of 0.1 to 100 cm, wherein
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is suitable for reducing noise having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is suitable for reducing noise having a wavelength from 100 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit at least partially reduces the noise and/or sound such that a human or animal subject on the other side of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, or a noise and/or sound-protection wall comprising several noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units, is not negatively affected by the noise and/or sound.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer which are arranged such that one or more space(s) is/are formed between the solid back and front layers.
  • the term "at least one" solid back layer in the meaning of the present invention means that the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one or more solid back layer(s).
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one solid back layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or more solid back layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or three solid back layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one solid back layer.
  • the term "at least one" solid front layer in the meaning of the present invention means that the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one or more solid front layer(s).
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one solid front layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or more solid front layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or three solid front layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one solid front layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises one solid back layer and one solid front layer.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer are arranged such that a space is formed between the solid back and front layers. That is to say, the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer are preferably arranged such that the distance between the back and front layers is almost even at any point. More preferably, the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer are arranged such that the back and front layers are almost parallel to each other.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit are the same or different.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are made of metal and/or wood and/or concrete and/or brick stone and/or plastic.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are the same and are made of metal.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer can be of any form known in the art.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are in plate form and/or wire form and/or of honeycomb shape oriented vertically, horizontally or in any form.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are of honeycomb shape oriented vertically, horizontally or in any form.
  • the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer are in plate form.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer is solid. That is to say, each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer is of a stiffness that is suitable to hold the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) in position, i.e. without relevant deformation of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units' shape.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer has a stiffness of at least 10 mNm.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer has a stiffness of at least 100 mNm, more preferably of at least 500 mNm.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer has a stiffness in the range from 500 to 3 000 mNm.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have the same or different stiffness.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have different stiffness.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have the same stiffness.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have an average thickness in the range from 1 to 120 cm, more preferably in the range from 2 to 100 cm, more preferably from 5 to 50 cm.
  • the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have the same or different average thickness.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer has different average thickness.
  • each of the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer has the same average thickness.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, one noise and/or sound-reducing layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or three or four or five or six noise and/or sound-reducing layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises, preferably consists of, two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is in its simplest arrangement a three-layer unit.
  • This embodiment comprises one solid back layer and one solid front layer and one noise and/or sound-reducing layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises one solid back layer and one solid front layer and two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit forms in this embodiment at least a four-layer unit.
  • two or more noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units e.g. a three-layer unit or at least a four-layer unit, are combined to build up bigger arrangements.
  • the number of units can be adapted to the specific needs and can thus vary in a great number.
  • the aim of the present invention is typically achieved if the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is a three- to twenty-layer unit.
  • the multilayer unit is thus a three- to ten-layer unit.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is a three- to five-layer unit, and more preferably a three- or four-layer unit.
  • noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers, it is preferred that these layers are separated from each other by intermediate layer(s).
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit preferably further comprises one or more intermediate layer(s) positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer and separating two adjacent noise and/or sound-reducing layers from each other.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) are preferably positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer such that the intermediate layer(s) are in parallel to the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer.
  • the intermediate layer(s) are positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer such that even spaces between the respective layers are formed such that each noise and/or sound-reducing layer is of about the same average thickness.
  • the intermediate layer(s) are positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer such that smaller or bigger spaces between the respective layers are formed i.e. each noise and/or sound-reducing layers is of a different average thickness.
  • the intermediate layer(s) are positioned between the at least one solid front and at least one solid back layer such that at least three spaces between the respective layers are formed such that two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers are of about the same average thickness and one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) is/are of a different average thickness, i.e. smaller or bigger.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) can be arranged in the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit in horizontal and/or vertical and/or diagonal alignment as regards the direction of the noise and/or sound.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) are arranged in the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit in vertical and/or diagonal alignment as regards the direction of the noise and/or sound.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) are arranged in the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit in vertical and diagonal alignment as regards the direction of the noise and/or sound.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) are arranged in the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit in vertical or diagonal alignment as regards the direction of the noise and/or sound.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit may comprise one or more side layer(s).
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises one side layer. This is preferably the case if the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is a terminating unit of a noise and/or sound-protection wall which is made of several noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises two side layers.
  • Such a noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprising two side layers may be used as such or as part of a noise and/or sound-protection wall.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit may comprise a top layer and/or a bottom layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises a top layer or a bottom layer, preferably a bottom layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit may comprise a top layer and a bottom layer.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is part of a noise and/or sound-protection wall
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units can be configured such that the units at the top of the wall comprise a top layer, whereas the units at the bottom of the wall comprise a bottom layer.
  • each noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit being part of a noise and/or sound-protection wall can be configured such that they comprise a top layer and a bottom layer.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer can be made of the same or different material as the at least one solid back layer and the at least one solid front layer of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are made of metal and/or wood and/or concrete and/or brick stone and/or plastic.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are made of metal.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer can be of any form known in the art.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are in plate form and/or wire form and/or of honeycomb shape oriented vertically, horizontally or in any form.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are of honeycomb shape oriented vertically, horizontally or in any form.
  • At least one layer is of honeycomb shape.
  • the at least one solid back layer and/or the at least one solid front layer, and/or, if present, the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are of honeycomb shape.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are solid. That is to say, the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer is/are of a stiffness that is suitable to hold the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) in position, i.e. without relevant deformation of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer units' shape.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have a stiffness of at least 10 mNm.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have a stiffness of at least 100 mNm, more preferably of at least 500 mNm.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have a stiffness in the range from 500 to 3 000 mNm.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has the same or different stiffness compared to the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer and the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have different stiffness.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer and the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have the same stiffness.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have an average thickness in the range from 1 to 120 cm, more preferably in the range from 2 to 100 cm, more preferably from 5 to 50 cm.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have the same or different average thickness compared to the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer has/have a different average thickness than the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer.
  • the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer and the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer have the same average thickness.
  • the alignment, both horizontal and vertical, of the one or more intermediate layer(s) and/or the one or more side layer(s) and/or the top layer and/or the bottom layer and/or the at least one solid back layer and/or at least one solid front layer do not have to be strictly precise.
  • one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) is/are formed between the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer in that the formed space between the layers is at least partially filled with an inorganic powder material.
  • the term "at least partially” in the meaning of the present invention refers to a space that is filled to at least 10 vol.-%, based on the total volume of the space, with a particulate material.
  • a space that is filled to at least 30 vol.-%, more preferably at least 50 vol.-% and most preferably at least 70 vol.-%, for example 90 to 95 vol.-% based on the total volume of the space, with the inorganic powder material in non-taped form.
  • the advantageous effects of the present invention are achieved by using an inorganic powder material which forms the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s). That is to say, the specific inorganic powder material as set out for the present invention is decisive for achieving the very good acoustic properties.
  • the inorganic powder material has
  • the inorganic material is in powder form.
  • the term "powder” in the meaning of the present invention refers to a material that is a bulk solid composed of a large number of fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted, i.e. is a non-taped bulk solid.
  • the inorganic powder material is characterized by a bulk density in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 kg/L preferably from 0.6 to 1.8 kg/L.
  • the very good acoustic properties of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit is especially associated with an inorganic powder material that is characterized by a specific particle size distribution.
  • the inorganic powder material has a weight particle size d 90 of ⁇ 2 000 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has a weight particle size d 90 of ⁇ 1 500 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 4 to 1 500 ⁇ m, and most preferably in the range from 10 to 1 000 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has a weight median particle size d 50 in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 500 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has a weight median particle size d 50 in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 200 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 900 ⁇ m, even more preferably in the range from 0.2 to 750 ⁇ m, and most preferably in the range from 0.2 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material must have a weight particle size d 10 in the range from 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has a weight particle size d 10 in the range from 0.1 to 175 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the inorganic powder material has
  • the inorganic powder material has a very specific ratio of coarse to fine particles, which is specified by the steepness factor.
  • the inorganic powder material has a steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] in the range from 2 to 50.
  • the inorganic powder material has a steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] in the range from 2.5 to 30 and most preferably in the range from 3 to 25.
  • the inorganic powder material has a specific ratio of steepness factor to bulk density.
  • the inorganic powder material has a ratio of steepness factor to bulk density, expressed by a quotient obtained by dividing the steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] to bulk density [steepness factor/bulk density (kg/L)], of ⁇ 30.
  • the inorganic powder material has a ratio of steepness factor to bulk density, expressed by a quotient obtained by dividing the steepness factor [( d 10 / d 90 )*100] to bulk density [steepness factor/bulk density (kg/L)], in the range from 0.5 to 25, more preferably in the range from 0.8 to 20 and most preferably in the range from 1 to 15.
  • the inorganic powder material has a moisture content of ⁇ 15.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material has a moisture content in the range from 0.1 to 12.0 wt.-%, more preferably from 0.1 to 10.0 wt.-% and most preferably from 0.1 to 8.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the inorganic powder material.
  • the one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) may comprise any inorganic powder material that has the defined characteristics known in the art.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises, preferably consists of, one or more inorganic powder material(s), i.e. a mixture of different kinds of the inorganic powder materials.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises, preferably consists of, one inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises, preferably consists of, two or more inorganic powder materials.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises, preferably consists of, two or three inorganic powder materials.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises, preferably consists of, one inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material is selected from the group comprising baryt, such as natural baryt or synthetic baryt, talc, mica, clay, kaolin, titanium dioxide, bentonite, magnesite, satin white, silicates, calcium carbonate-comprising materials, such as natural calcium carbonate, synthetic calcium carbonate, surface modified calcium carbonate and materials comprising calcium carbonate such as dolomite or mixed carbonate based materials of such as mixture, and mixtures thereof.
  • the inorganic powder material is selected from the group comprising baryt, such as natural baryt or synthetic baryt, talc, mica, clay, bentonite, silicates, calcium carbonate-comprising materials.
  • Calcium carbonate-comprising materials refers to a material that comprises calcium carbonate and, eventually may comprise further minerals, such as sulfates, silicates such as talc and/or kaolin clay, quartz and/or mica, carbonates such as magnesium carbonate, dolomite and/or gypsum, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of calcium carbonate in the calcium carbonate-comprising material is between 60 and 100 wt.-%, preferably between 70 and 99.95 wt.-%, and most preferably between 95 and 99.5 wt.-%, based on the total dry weight of the calcium carbonate-comprising material.
  • the calcium carbonate-comprising material is preferably selected from a natural calcium carbonate, a material comprising calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
  • Natural calcium carbonate in the meaning of the present invention is a calcium carbonate obtained from natural sources, such as limestone, marble and/ chalk, and processed through a treatment such as grinding, screening and/or fractionizing by wet and/or dry, for example by a cyclone or classifier.
  • a preferred material comprising calcium carbonate is dolomite. It is to be noted that dolomite is also a natural calcium carbonate.
  • the inorganic powder material is selected from the group comprising marble, limestone, chalk and mixtures thereof.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic or hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material
  • the inorganic powder material has been surface treated with a hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic treatment agent such that on at least a part of the accessible surface area of the inorganic powder material a treatment layer is formed.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material
  • the inorganic powder material has been surface treated with a hydrophobic treatment agent selected from an aliphatic carboxylic acid having a total amount of carbon atoms from C4 to C24, polysiloxanes and mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid in the meaning of the present invention can be selected from one or more straight chain, branched chain, saturated, unsaturated and/or alicyclic carboxylic acids.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid is a monocarboxylic acid, i.e. the aliphatic linear or branched carboxylic acid is characterized in that a single carboxyl group is present. Said carboxyl group is placed at the end of the carbon skeleton.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid is selected from saturated unbranched carboxylic acids, that is to say the aliphatic carboxylic acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosanoic acid, behenic acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic carboxylic acid is stearic acid.
  • Suitable polysiloxanes are polydialkylsiloxanes as e.g. described in US 2004/0097616 A1 .
  • Preferred are polydialkylsiloxanes selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane, dimethicone, polydiethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane and mixtures thereof.
  • the polydialkylsiloxane is polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the inorganic powder material has been surface treated with a hydrophilic treatment agent preferably selected from polyols.
  • Preferred polyols are diols or triols. Most preferably, the polyol is glycerol or monopropylene glycol.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material
  • the inorganic powder material has been surface treated simultaneously or separately in any order with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatment agents.
  • the inorganic powder material comprises a hydrophilic treatment layer on the surface of the inorganic powder material.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing layer can be of any thickness that is typically used for the products to be prepared.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing layer formed by the inorganic powder material has an average layer thickness in the range from 0.2 to 100 cm.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing layer formed by the inorganic powder material has an average layer thickness in the range from 1 cm to 80 cm, more preferably in the range from 10 to 60 cm and most preferably in the range from 10 to 40 cm.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing layer formed by the inorganic powder material has an average layer thickness in the range from 13 cm to 40 cm.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers
  • the average thickness of the layers may be the same or different.
  • the two or more noise and/or sound-reducing layers have the same average thickness.
  • the one or more inorganic powder material forming noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) has/have in sum an average thickness of 0.1 cm to 100 cm, preferably from 1 cm to 80 cm, more preferably from 10 to 60 cm and most preferably from 10 to 40 cm.
  • the one or more inorganic powder material forming noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) has/have in sum an average thickness in the range from 13 cm to 40 cm.
  • the dimensions of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit are not limited to a specific size.
  • the height (y-direction) of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit can be between 0.5 and 10 m, preferably from 1 to 8 m and most preferably from 2 to 5 m.
  • the depth (z-direction) of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit can be between 0.5 and 10 m.
  • the length (x-direction) of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit can be from 0.5 m to several km, e.g. from 0.5 m to 20 km.
  • the present invention also refers to a method for the preparation of a noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit, said method comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit the at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer, the inorganic powder material and preferred embodiments thereof, reference is made to the statements provided above when discussing the technical details of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit of the present invention.
  • step c) of the method of the present invention the back and front layers of step a) are arranged such that a space is formed between the back and front layers. It is appreciated that the back and front layers of step a) can be arranged in any known manner that is suitable to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • step d) of the method of the present invention the inorganic powder material of step b) at least partially filled into the space formed between the back and front layers such as to form the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit. It is appreciated that the filling of the space formed between the back and front layers can be carried out in any known manner to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • the inorganic powder material of step b) may beneficially be compacted.
  • an immersion vibrator or a rammer can be applied to the inorganic powder material of step b), via the upper opening of the unit. If necessary, at the end of that compaction, additional inorganic powder material of step b) is poured into the unit.
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit further comprises one or more intermediate layer(s).
  • the method of the present invention preferably comprises a step c1) of arranging one or more intermediate layer(s) such that they are positioned between the at least one solid front layer and the at least one solid back layer. It is appreciated that the one or more intermediate layer(s) can be positioned between the back and front layers in any known manner that is suitable to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • method step c1) is carried out after method step c). Additionally or alternatively, method step c1) is carried out before method step d). Preferably, method step c1) is carried out after step c) and before step d).
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit further comprises one or more side layer(s).
  • the method of the present invention preferably further comprises a step c2) of arranging one or more side layer(s) such that they are positioned at one or more open sides of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit. It is appreciated that the one or more side layer(s) can be positioned at one or more open sides of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit in any known manner that is suitable to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • method step c2) is carried out after method step c). Additionally or alternatively, method step c2) is carried out before method step d). Preferably, method step c2) is carried out after step c) and before step d).
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit further comprises a top layer.
  • the method of the present invention preferably further comprises a step c3) of arranging a top layer such that it is positioned on top of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • the top layer is preferably made weather-tight, by any appropriate means. It is appreciated that the top layer can be positioned on top of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer in any known manner that is suitable to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • method step c3) is carried out after method step d).
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit further comprises a bottom layer.
  • the method of the present invention preferably comprises a step c4) of arranging a bottom layer such that it is positioned at the bottom of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit. It is appreciated that the bottom layer can be positioned at the bottom of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer in any known manner that is suitable to achieve the final noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit.
  • method step c4) is carried out before method step c).
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises a bottom layer and a top layer.
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises a bottom layer and a top layer and one or more intermediate layers.
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit comprises a bottom layer and a top layer and one or more intermediate layer(s) and one or more side layer(s).
  • the method of the present invention thus comprises the steps of
  • a further aspect of the present invention refers to a noise and/or sound-protection wall comprising one or more noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit(s) as defined herein.
  • the noise and/or sound-protection wall comprising one or more noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit(s) for reducing noise having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz, preferably from 100 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz
  • the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit(s) comprise at least one solid back layer and at least one solid front layer which are arranged such that one or more space(s) is/are formed between the solid back and front layers, and the one or more space(s) is/are at least partially filled with an inorganic powder material forming one or more noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s), wherein the one or more inorganic powder material forming noise and/or sound-reducing layer(s) has/have in sum an average thickness of 0.1 cm to 100 cm, wherein
  • noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit With regard to the definition of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit and preferred embodiments thereof, reference is made to the statements provided above when discussing the technical details of the noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit of the present invention.
  • each noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit can be arranged in any known manner in order to build-up the noise and/or sound-protection wall. That is to say, each noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit can be fixed to an adjacent noise and/or sound-reducing multilayer unit by using any suitable means, such as with clips or wire ties.
  • the dimensions of the noise and/or sound-protection wall are not limited to a specific size.
  • the height (y-direction) of the noise and/or sound-protection wall can be between 0.5 and 10 m, preferably from 1 to 8 m and most preferably from 2 to 5 m.
  • the depth (z-direction) of the noise and/or sound-protection wall can be between 0.5 and 10 m.
  • the length (x-direction) of the noise and/or sound-protection wall can be from 0.5 m to several km, e.g. from 0.5 m to 100 km.
  • the present invention refers in a further aspect to the use of the inorganic powder material as defined herein as noise and/or sound-reducing material. It is preferred that the noise and/or sound-reducing material is suitable for reducing noise having a wavelength from 50 to 15 000 Hz, preferably 1 000 to 10 000 Hz, and most preferably from 100 to 7 000 Hz.
  • the inorganic powder material has
  • the use of the inorganic powder material as defined herein for the preparation of a noise and/or sound-protection wall is provided.
  • the inorganic powder material has
  • the moisture content is measured in accordance with ISO Norm 11465 moisture content of soil at 105°C to constant weight.
  • SSA Specific surface area
  • the specific surface area (in m 2 /g) of the inorganic powder material is determined using the BET method (using nitrogen as adsorbing gas), which is well known to the skilled man (ISO 9277:2010).
  • the total surface area (in m 2 ) of the material is then obtained by multiplication of the specific surface area and the mass (in g) of the material prior to treatment.
  • the particle size distribution was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd. Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK WR14 1XZ) in combination with Malvern Aero S dry dispersion unit and dry cell was used to determine the particle size distribution of the solid inorganic powder material within the fineness range of dso of from 500 to 0.1 ⁇ m by means of laser diffraction.
  • the methods used are described in the Mastersizer 3000 Basic Guide, Mastersizer 3000 Manual and the Manual for Aero Series Dry dispersion unit available by Malvern Instruments Ltd. Approximately 10 ml of sample was loaded into the Aero S through the corresponding sieve. The results are expressed in V.-% (volume %).
  • the German Norm DIN 66165 sieve analysis were used to determine the particle size distribution of the solid inorganic powder material within the fineness range of d 50 of from 2 000 to 45 ⁇ m.
  • the sieve analysis is a procedure used to assess the particle size distribution of a granular material.
  • a sieve analysis can be performed on any type of granular materials including sands, crushed rock, clays, granite, feldspars, coal, a wide range of manufactured powders, grain and seeds. The results are expressed in V.-% (volume %).
  • the bulk density of the solid inorganic powder material within the fineness range of d 50 of ⁇ 45 ⁇ m was determined in compliance with ISO 60 and following the International standard DIN/ISO 697.
  • the bulk density of the solid inorganic powder materials within the fineness range of d 50 of from 2 000 to 45 ⁇ m was determined using a 25 litre bucket.
  • the swelling volume of activated bentonite was determined by placing 100 ml of distilled water into a 100 ml graduated (1 ml steps) glass cylinder at 23°C. 2 gram of bentonite were added slowly during 10 minutes on the top of the water to let it sink slowly to the bottom of the cylinder. After further 10 minutes the volume of the bentonite on the bottom of the cylinder was measured. The result is reported in ml/2g ( ⁇ 1 ml).
  • the polystyrene cuboid box comprises a bottom and side, front walls having a thickness of 5 cm.
  • the top wall is composed of a wire grid.
  • Another wire grid is placed in the middle height of the polystyrene cuboid box (PC), thus creating 2 chambers; an empty chamber (A) dedicated to receiving the Sound Generator (Q) and another chamber (B) dedicated to receiving the insulating material (i.e. the inorganic powder material) to be tested; i.e. the dry inorganic powder material or polystyrene.
  • PC polystyrene cuboid box
  • the linear extrapolation curve for the polystyrene block as insulator material is shown in Fig. 2 .
  • polystyrene is a good candidate as insulator material for sound and/or noise reducing.
  • d 13.5 L/m 2
  • Table 6b Results of the noise measurements using the dolomitic marble (Austria) as insulator material Frequency (Hz) amount of product by weight (kg/m 2 ) Bulk (kg/L) amount of product by volume (L/m 2 ) I0 (DB) I1 (DB) I2 (DB) f (-) 1 750 1 80 0.88 90.9 25 90 73 0.74
  • an inorganic powder material with the described particle size distribution, moisture content and bulk density is definitely a good candidate as insulator material for sound and/or noise reducing at a frequency of 1 000 Hz.
  • Table 8b Results of the noise measurements using sodium activated bentonite as insulator material Frequency (Hz) amount of product by weight (kg/m 2 ) Bulk (kg/L) amount of product by volume (L/m 2 ) I0 (DB) I1 (DB) I2 (DB) f (-) 100 80 1 30 0.7 42.9 25 80 60 0.64

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP18159996.0A 2018-03-05 2018-03-05 Unité multicouche de réduction du bruit et/ou du son Withdrawn EP3537428A1 (fr)

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EP18159996.0A EP3537428A1 (fr) 2018-03-05 2018-03-05 Unité multicouche de réduction du bruit et/ou du son
PCT/EP2019/055381 WO2019170633A1 (fr) 2018-03-05 2019-03-05 Ensemble multicouche de réduction du bruit et/ou du son

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894169A (en) * 1972-02-18 1975-07-08 Rockwell International Corp Acoustical damping structure and method of preparation
EP0509603A1 (fr) * 1991-04-15 1992-10-21 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Matière insonorisante
US20040097616A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2004-05-20 Hoppler Hans Ulrich Method for treating a mineral filler with a polydialkylsiloxane and a fatty acid, resulting hydrophobic fillers and uses thereof in polymers for breathable films
DE202006003050U1 (de) 2006-02-21 2006-04-27 Rothfuss, Thomas Drahtkorb
FR2902808A1 (fr) 2006-06-26 2007-12-28 Entpr Travaux Publics Setp Sar Mur antibruit et procede de construction d'un tel mur
EP2818784A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2014-12-31 Nichias Corporation Ensemble tapis d'isolation thermique antibruit et son procédé d'assemblage
EP2910610A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-26 Omya International AG Procédé pour la préparation d'un produit de remplissage à base de carbonate de calcium
EP3214224A1 (fr) 2016-03-04 2017-09-06 Omya International AG Gabion, mur anti-bruit comprenant un tel gabion, et procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un tel gabion

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894169A (en) * 1972-02-18 1975-07-08 Rockwell International Corp Acoustical damping structure and method of preparation
EP0509603A1 (fr) * 1991-04-15 1992-10-21 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Matière insonorisante
US20040097616A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2004-05-20 Hoppler Hans Ulrich Method for treating a mineral filler with a polydialkylsiloxane and a fatty acid, resulting hydrophobic fillers and uses thereof in polymers for breathable films
DE202006003050U1 (de) 2006-02-21 2006-04-27 Rothfuss, Thomas Drahtkorb
FR2902808A1 (fr) 2006-06-26 2007-12-28 Entpr Travaux Publics Setp Sar Mur antibruit et procede de construction d'un tel mur
EP2818784A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2014-12-31 Nichias Corporation Ensemble tapis d'isolation thermique antibruit et son procédé d'assemblage
EP2910610A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-26 Omya International AG Procédé pour la préparation d'un produit de remplissage à base de carbonate de calcium
EP3214224A1 (fr) 2016-03-04 2017-09-06 Omya International AG Gabion, mur anti-bruit comprenant un tel gabion, et procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un tel gabion

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