Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/004—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated using dispersed dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/06—Dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
  • D01F6/76—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from other polycondensation products
  • D01F6/765—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from other polycondensation products from polyarylene sulfides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
  • D06P1/19—Nitro dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
  • D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/02—After-treatment
  • D06P5/10—After-treatment with compounds containing metal
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
  • D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
  • D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
  • D06P5/2077—Thermic treatments of textile materials after dyeing

Definitions

• This application relates to textile materials containing dyed
• polyphenylene sulfide fibers and methods for producing the same.
• Polyphenylene sulfide is a thermoplastic polymer that exhibits a number of desirable properties.
• polyphenyelne sulfide exhibits resistance to heat, various chemicals (e.g., acids, alkalis, and bleaches), mildew, aging, UV exposure (e.g., sunlight), and abrasion.
• various chemicals e.g., acids, alkalis, and bleaches
• mildew e.g., mildew
• aging e.g., UV exposure
• UV exposure e.g., sunlight
• the textile fibers made from the polymer have not found practical use in apparel or decorative textile applications.
• the main reason for this lack of use is that no practical means for dyeing polyphenylene sulfide polymers has been developed.
• the invention described in this applications seeks to provide such a method and the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers produced by such a method.
• the invention provides a textile material comprising a plurality of dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers, wherein the
• polyphenylene sulfide fibers have a cross-sectional area
• the polyphenylene sulfide fibers comprise a disperse dye that is distributed substantially evenly across the cross-sectional area of the fibers
• the disperse dye is selected from the group consisting of disperse dyes having a molar mass of about 350 g/mol or more, disperse dyes comprising a nitro group, and mixtures thereof.
• the invention provides a method for dyeing polyphenylene sulfide fibers, the method comprising the steps of:
• a dye liquor comprising a liquid medium and a disperse dye selected from the group consisting of disperse dyes having a molar mass of about 350 g/mol or more, disperse dyes comprising a nitro group, and mixtures thereof;
• the invention provides a textile material comprising a plurality of dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile material of this first embodiment can take any suitable form.
• the plurality of dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers can be consolidated to provide a yarn.
• the yarn can contain other fibers in addition to the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers, as is described in further detail below.
• the plurality of dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers can be consolidated into a nonwoven textile material.
• the textile material can also be a woven textile material comprising a plurality of interlaced yarns, at least one of which contains the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile material can also be a knit textile material comprising one or more interlooped yarns, at least one of which contains the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers can comprise any suitable polyphenylene sulfide polymer.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer can have any suitable molar mass.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a mass average molar mass of about 20,000 g/mol or more. More preferably, the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a mass average molar mass of about 30,000 g/mol or more, about 40,000 g/mol or more, or about 50,000 g/mol or more.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a mass average molar mass of about 100,000 g/mol or less. More preferably, the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a mass average molar mass of about 80,000 g/mol or less, about 70,000 g/mol or less, or about 60,000 g/mol or less. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a mass average molar mass of about 40,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer can have any suitable melt viscosity.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a melt viscosity of about 1 ,000 poise or more when measured at 300 °C and an apparent shear rate of 400 s 1 in accordance with ASTM Test Method 3835. More preferably, the polyphenylene sulfide polymer has a melt viscosity of about 1 ,000 poise to about 3,000 poise or about 1 ,000 poise to about 2,200 poise when measured as described above.
• the polyphenylene sulfide polymer can exhibit any suitable degree of crystallinity.
• the percent crystallinity of the polyphenylene sulfide polymer is 10% or more. More preferably, the percent crystallinity of the polyphenylene sulfide polymer is about 20% or more, about 25% or more, or about 30% or more.
• the percent crystallinity of the polyphenylene sulfide polymer preferably is about 80% or less. More preferably, the percent crystallinity of the polyphenylene sulfide polymer is about 75% or less.
• the percent crystallinity of the polyphenylene sulfide polymer is from 10% to about 80%, about 20% to about 80%, or about 30% to about 75%.
• the dyed polyphenylene sulfide fibers of the textile material comprise at least one dye.
• the dye can be any suitable dye, but disperse dyes are particularly preferred.
• the dye is a disperse dye selected from the group consisting of disperse dyes having a molar mass of about 350 g/mol or more, disperse dyes comprising a nitro group, and mixtures thereof.
• the dye is a disperse dye selected from the group consisting of disperse dyes having a molar mass of about 400 g/mol or more, disperse dyes comprising a nitro group, and mixtures thereof.
• disperse dyes having a higher molar mass e.g., about 350 g/mol or more or about 400 g/mol or more
• a polar nature such as disperse dyes containing a nitro group
• dyes that do not possess either of these characteristics do not become sufficiently fixed in the polyphenylene sulfide fiber.
• the disperse dye preferably has a boiling point of 590 °C or more, more preferably about 600 °C or more.
• the disperse dye preferably has a flash point of 300 °C or more, more preferably about 310 °C or more.
• the disperse dye has a boiling point of 590 °C or more (e.g., about 600 °C or more) and a flash point of 300 °C or more (e.g., about 310 °C or more).
• the disperse dye can be any suitable disperse dye that possesses one or more of the characteristics described above.
• the disperse dye is selected from the group consisting of azo dyes (e.g., azothiophene dyes, azobenzothiazole dyes), diazo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, nitro dyes (e.g., nitrodiphenylamine dyes), quinoline dyes, dibenzofuran dyes, naphthalimide dyes (e.g., aminoketone dyes), and mixtures thereof.
• Specific disperse dyes that have been found useful in dyeing the polyphenylene sulfide fibers include, but are not limited to, C.I.
• Disperse Blue 165 C.I. Disperse Red 153, C.I. Disperse Brown 1 , C.I. Disperse Violet 33, C.I. Disperse Red 92, and C.I. Disperse Blue 87. Any of the above- mentioned dyes can be used in combination to produce polyphenylene sulfide fibers and textile materials exhibiting the desired color and shade.
• the disperse dye preferably is distributed substantially evenly throughout the thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers. In other words, the disperse dye preferably is distributed substantially evenly across the cross-sectional area of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers. This distribution of the disperse dye within the polyphenylene sulfide fibers is believed to be unique. For example, prior attempts to dye polyphenylene sulfide fibers have relied upon surrounding the polyphenylene sulfide polymer with a sheath of an easily-dyed polymer (e.g., a polyamide).
• an easily-dyed polymer e.g., a polyamide
• the dye only penetrates and fixes in the sheath, and the polyphenylene sulfide polymer remains undyed (or contains very little dye at the interface between the polyphenylene polymer and the sheath).
• the distribution of the disperse dye through the thickness or across the cross-sectional area can be determined by any suitable technique. For example, individual polyphenylene sulfide fibers can be sectioned and the coloration of the fibers can be examined, for instance, using an optical microscope. When the coloration of the fibers is observed to be substantially even through the thickness or across the cross-sectional area of the fibers, one has confirmed that the dye is substantially evenly distributed through the thickness or across the cross-sectional area of the fiber.
• the textile material described above can contain other fibers in addition to the polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile material can further comprise any suitable natural fiber or synthetic fiber or combination of natural fibers and/or synthetic fibers.
• These additional fibers can be intimately blended with the polyphenylene sulfide fibers within the textile material.
• the textile material can be a yarn in which the polyphenylene sulfide fibers are intimately blended with, for example, cellulosic fibers.
• the additional fibers and the polyphenylene fibers can be present in separate elements within the textile material.
• the textile material can comprise a first yarn containing the polyphenylene sulfide fibers and a second yarn containing, for example, cellulosic fibers.
• the textile material can comprise any suitable natural or synthetic fiber(s) in addition to the polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile material further comprises cellulose fibers.
• the cellulose fibers used in such an embodiment can be natural cellulose fibers (e.g., cotton fibers), regenerated cellulose fibers, or any combination thereof. Suitable
• regenerated cellulose fibers include, but are not limited to, rayon fibers (e.g., viscose rayon fibers, high wet modulus rayon fibers, modal fibers, and polynosic fibers), lyocell fibers, and mixtures thereof.
• rayon fibers e.g., viscose rayon fibers, high wet modulus rayon fibers, modal fibers, and polynosic fibers
• lyocell fibers e.g., rayon fibers (e.g., viscose rayon fibers, high wet modulus rayon fibers, modal fibers, and polynosic fibers), lyocell fibers, and mixtures thereof.
• the textile material can further comprise a flame retardant that is added to improve the flame resistance of the cellulose fibers and the textile material containing the same.
• a flame retardant can be used.
• the flame retardant is a phosphorus-based flame retardant, such as the flame retardants based on tetrahydroxymethlphosphonium salts and condensates thereof.
• Suitable examples of such flame retardants include, but are not limited to, those flame retardants described in U.S. Patent No. 7,713,891 ; U.S. Patent No. 8,012,890; U.S. Patent No. 8,012,891 ; U.S. Patent No. 8,722,551 ; U.S. Patent No. 9,091 ,020; U.S. Patent No. 9,453,1 12; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2015/01 18931 A1 , each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the textile material can also comprise synthetic fibers in addition to the polyphenylene sulfide fibers, such as thermoplastic synthetic fibers and/or inherent flame resistant fibers.
• Suitable thermoplastic synthetic fibers include, but are not necessarily limited to, polyester fibers (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers, polypropylene terephthalate) fibers, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) fibers), poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers, and blends thereof), polyamide fibers (e.g., nylon 6 fibers, nylon 6,6 fibers, nylon 4,6 fibers, and nylon 12 fibers), polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and combinations, mixtures, or blends thereof.
• the thermoplastic synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, and mixtures thereof.
• the textile material comprises thermoplastic synthetic fibers
• the textile material can further comprise a flame retardant that is added to improve the flame resistance of the thermoplastic synthetic fibers and the textile material containing the same. Any flame retardant suitable for use with thermoplastic synthetic fibers can be used in such embodiments.
• the term "inherent flame resistant fibers" refers to synthetic fibers which, due to the chemical composition of the material from which they are made, exhibit flame resistance without the need for an additional flame retardant treatment.
• the inherent flame resistant fibers can be any suitable inherent flame resistant fibers, such as polyoxadiazole fibers,
• polysulfonamide fibers poly(benzimidazole) fibers, aramid fibers (e.g., mefa-aramid fibers and para-aramid fibers), polypyridobisimidazole fibers, polybenzylthiazole fibers, polybenzyloxazole fibers, melamine-formaldehyde polymer fibers, phenol- formaldehyde polymer fibers, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyamide-imide fibers and combinations, mixtures, or blends thereof.
• the textile material comprises aramid fibers in addition to the polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile materials described above are believed to be well-suited for use in applications where the textile material must meet certain requirements for flame resistance.
• the textile material can be a fabric used in the manufacture of curtains or window treatments, which fabric should meet the most stringent requirements of NFPA 701 .
• the textile material can also be used in the manufacture of upholstery and furniture fabrics, automotive fabrics (e.g., woven, knit, or nonwoven textiles used in automotive applications), aircraft interiors, etc.
• the invention provides a method for dyeing polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the method generally comprises the steps of: (a) providing a textile material comprising polyphenylene sulfide fibers; (b) providing a dye liquor comprising a liquid medium and a disperse dye; (c) applying the dye liquor to the textile material; (d) heating the textile material under ambient atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to evaporate substantially all of the liquid medium from the textile material; and (e) heating the textile material under ambient atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to fix the disperse dye to the polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
• the textile material utilized in the method can be any suitable textile material comprising polyphenylene sulfide fibers, such as any of the textile materials described above.
• the dye liquor comprises a liquid medium and a disperse dye.
• the liquid medium can be any liquid medium suitable for use with disperse dyes.
• the liquid medium is an aqueous medium, such as water.
• the liquid medium can comprise a surfactant or wetting agent in order to improve wetting of the polyphenylene sulfide fibers with the dye liquor.
• the dye liquor has a pH of about 4 to about 7.5, more preferably about 5 to about 7.
• the disperse dye present in the dye liquor can be any of the disperse dyes discussed above in connection with the textile material of the invention.
• the dye liquor further comprises a volatile organic acid having a boiling point of about 100 °C to about 170 °C.
• volatile organic acids include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and mixtures thereof. While not wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is believed that such volatile organic acids improve the color yield of the dyeing process, especially when the dye is fixed at temperatures of 180 °C or more. Further, with a boiling point of 100 °C to 170 °C, it is believed that the organic acid vaporizes during the dye fixation step and does not leave any harmful residue on the fibers.
• the dye liquor further comprises a dye carrier.
• Suitable dye carriers include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, benzoic acid, triethanolamine, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and mixtures thereof. While not wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is believed that such dye carriers can assist in dye solubilization and/or dye penetration and diffusion into the
• the dye liquor can be applied to the textile material in any suitable fashion and using any suitable apparatus.
• the textile material is passed through a bath of the dye liquor so that it is saturated with the dye liquor.
• the textile material can be passed through one or more nip rollers, which apply pressure to the textile material and remove excess dye liquor before the drying step.
• the dye liquor can be sprayed directly onto the surface of the textile material.
• the textile material is heated under ambient atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to evaporate substantially all of the liquid medium (and any volatile organic acid and/or dye carrier in the dye liquor) from the textile material.
• the textile material can be heated to any suitable temperature in this step.
• the textile material is heated to a temperature greater than 40 °C, more preferably 100 °C, 130 °C, or 140 °C.
• the textile material is heated to a first temperature
• This dye fixation step preferably is performed under ambient atmosphere, meaning that the step is not performed in a closed system under elevated pressure.
• the textile material can be heated to any suitable temperature in order to fix the dye.
• the textile material is heated to a temperature of 160 °C or more. More preferably, the textile material is heated to a temperature of about 180 °C or more or about 190 °C or more.
• the textile material preferably is not heated to a temperature greater than 260 °C because such temperatures have been observed to cause adverse dye degradation.
• the textile material is heated to a temperature of about 180 °C to about 260 °C, more preferably about 190 °C to about 240 °C.
• the textile material can be further treated in order to remove and/or neutralize any unfixed disperse dye that remains on the textile material.
• the method described above further comprises the step of treating the textile material from step (e) with a caustic solution to remove or neutralize unfixed disperse dye on the textile material.
• the textile material can be treated with the caustic solution in any suitable manner.
• the textile material can be immersed in a bath of the caustic solution (maintained at a temperature of 40 °C to about 80 °C) for a sufficient amount of time to remove and/or neutralize the unfixed dye.
• the textile material can be impregnated with the caustic solution and then steamed.
• the caustic solution preferably comprises a reducing agent that is capable of reducing any unfixed disperse dye to an uncolored form.
• Suitable reducing agents include, but are not limited to, sodium bisulfite.
• the method described above can be modified in order to dye the additional fibers.
• the dye liquor can further comprise one or more vat dyes, which will dye the cellulose fibers.
• the method can also be preceded or succeeded by a series of steps that dye the additional fibers.
• the textile material comprises polyester fibers
• the textile material can be jet dyed using disperse dyes in order to impart the desired color and shade to the polyester fibers.
• the textile material can be jet dyed before or after dyeing in accordance with the method described above.
• the polyester fibers and the polyphenylene sulfide fibers can be dyed simultaneously using the method described above using one or more suitable disperse dyes.
• Table 1 Composition of dye liquors.
• Disperse Blue 291 is an azo dye containing two nitro groups. The molar mass of Disperse Blue 291 is 509 g/mol.
• Qualsperse Rubine 3BSK is a commercially available version of C.I. Disperse Red 167. Disperse Red 167 is an azo dye containing a nitro group. Disperse Red 167 has a molar mass of 505.9 g/mol, a boiling point of 713 °C, and a flash point of 385 °C.
• Qualsperse Blue BNS is a water dispersion of C.I. Disperse Blue 60.
• Disperse Blue 60 is an anthraquinone dye having a molar mass of 379 g/mol, a boiling point of 681 °C, and a flash point of 363 °C.
• Terasil Yellow GWL is a water dispersion of C.I. Disperse Yellow 42.
• Disperse Yellow 42 is a diphenylamine dye containing a nitro group. Disperse Yellow 42 has a molar mass of 369 g/mol, a boiling point of 548 °C, and a flash point of 285 °C.
• the nonwoven textile materials were dried at a temperature of approximately 120 °C (250 °F) to remove water and then placed in a lab convection oven set at (215 °C) 420 °F. The nonwoven textile materials were left in the oven for approximately 6 minutes.
• the nonwoven textile materials were then immersed in an aqueous solution containing 3% sodium hydroxide and 6% sodium bisulfite.
• the aqueous solution was maintained at a temperature of approximately 60 °C, and the nonwoven textile materials were left in the solution for approximately 20 minutes.
• the nonwoven textile materials were then rinsed with water several times and immersed in a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution.
• the hydrogen peroxide solution was maintained at a temperature of approximately 50 °C, and the nonwoven textile materials were left in the solution for approximately 10 minutes.
• the nonwoven textile materials were then rinsed with water several times and finally dried at a temperature of approximately 120 °C (250 °F).
• Disperse dyes used in treating nonwoven materials and their molar masses (in g/mol), boiling points (in °C), and flash points (in °C).
• the nonwoven textile materials dyed using the procedure described above exhibit excellent coloration.
• the polyphenylene sulfide fibers in the nonwoven showed a uniform coloration throughout the cross-section of the fibers, which is indicative of high color yield and excellent dye fixation.
• the dyed nonwoven textile materials also showed virtually no color loss after 5 washes. Further, the
• Knit fabrics made using a filament polyphenylene sulfide fiber were dyed in accordance with the procedure described above using some of the dye liquors described above. These dyed knit fabrics exhibited similar properties to the dyed nonwoven textile materials.
• Lumachrom Orange SCZ (C.I. Disperse Orange 30) 5.0
• the fabric was next immersed in an aqueous solution containing 3% sodium hydroxide and 6% sodium bisulfite. The fabric was then placed in a saturated steamer for approximately 3 minutes, followed by rinsing in hot water and immersion in a 6% hydrogen peroxide solution. The fabric was lastly rinsed in hot water.
• the resulting fabric had a bright orange color with uniform color appearance.
• the dyed fabric also exhibited good crocking fastness (dry crocking rating of 4-5), lightfastness, and washfastness.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=60245200

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2017
  • 2017-10-17 WO PCT/US2017/056894 patent/WO2018085037A1/en unknown
  • 2017-10-17 EP EP17794139.0A patent/EP3535442A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-10-17 CA CA3042500A patent/CA3042500C/en active Active
  • 2017-10-17 US US15/785,772 patent/US20180127916A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2019
  • 2019-05-06 ZA ZA2019/02832A patent/ZA201902832B/en unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events