EP3530814A1 - Method for the construction of a transformer platform and transformer platform with at least four piles - Google Patents
Method for the construction of a transformer platform and transformer platform with at least four piles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3530814A1 EP3530814A1 EP19159324.3A EP19159324A EP3530814A1 EP 3530814 A1 EP3530814 A1 EP 3530814A1 EP 19159324 A EP19159324 A EP 19159324A EP 3530814 A1 EP3530814 A1 EP 3530814A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piles
- seabed
- platform
- rammed
- pile driver
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
- E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/02—Placing by driving
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
- E02B2017/0043—Placing the offshore structure on a pre-installed foundation structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for establishing a transformer platform with at least three piles.
- the invention also relates to the transformer platform, which is preferably installed with such a method and has at least three piles, as well as a foundation set for carrying out the method.
- Substation platforms or converter platforms are installed in particular on the German west coast in the North Sea. The area is characterized by extremely high and energetic waves at relatively low water depth.
- Known foundation structures such as jackets have a high degree of obstruction and therefore draw high loads due to design, making them difficult to design and therefore expensive.
- pile foundations for substations at the foundation of a template is placed on the seabed and the piles are rammed through the template in the seabed. For this purpose several different piling devices are used.
- a disadvantage of the known piling method is that they do not function with sufficient precision or are relatively expensive.
- the object of the present invention is, in a first aspect, to improve an aforementioned method for establishing a transformer platform and in the second aspect, an improved transformer platform and in a third aspect, an improved foundation set with which the transformer platform according to the invention can be established To make available.
- the method according to the invention makes use of the idea of using exactly one piling device which is brought to location and which is supported by means of extendable support legs on the seabed.
- the pile driver may be a jack-up or the like, which preferably has a crane and a hammer.
- ramming is to be understood very generally here "ramming” is also to be understood as drilling, for example. Under a pile driver can also be understood here a drill or a drill.
- Stencils are attached to the pile driver.
- the stencils can be arranged on the outside or on the inside of a platform of the pile driver, the relative distance between the stencils corresponds exactly to the position of the stakes of the staging platform on the seabed, the stakes are each individually, successively rammed vertically into the seabed.
- the piles are inserted in each case by an assigned Rammschablone the substation. They are conveniently commuted vertically.
- the piles are successively preferably rammed into the seabed while maintaining the position of the pile driver.
- the support legs of the piling device are preferably not changed during the entire piling of all piles.
- the rammed into the seabed piles remain at or above their assigned Rammschablone arranged. "Top” and “bottom” refer to orientations away from the seabed or to the seabed.
- the support legs of the pile driver are retracted and spent the piling with retracted support legs of the location away.
- the upper ends of the piles protrude over the sea surface, preferably all at identical heights.
- the relative distances of the upper ends of the piles to each other corresponds exactly to the relative distances of supports of a platform top, which is placed on top of the ends of the piles.
- the piles are rammed so far into the ground until upper ends are arranged at most at the level of Rammschablone, preferably + 3 m, preferably + 2 m, preferably to + 1 m, preferably + 0.5 m, are arranged above the Rammschablone.
- the upper ends are not driven through the ramming template.
- the arrangement of Rammschablonen corresponds exactly to the relative arrangement of the requirements of the platform shell as well as the contact points of the piles with the seabed in a horizontal plane.
- the platform top which is spent on location and is placed on location on the upper pile ends, on a grillage and arranged on a pontoon.
- An underside of the platform shell when deployed at location, has a height above the sea surface that is higher than all the ends of the piles above the sea surface.
- the pontoon is lowered after the platform top is moved over the piles and placed on the pile ends.
- the pontoon is arranged relative to the piles, that when lowering the platform upper part supports a bottom of the platform top rest exactly on the pile ends.
- the transfer platform has at least four piles, which are rammed parallel to each other into a seabed.
- the only constructive connection between the piles is the platform top.
- the piles are connected in some way above the seabed, but this is not a constructive connection between the piles in the context of the invention.
- the platform upper part is seated on upper ends of the piles, ie the piles are not lowered laterally in guides or held laterally in guides of the platform top, but the platform has an underside with preferably upwardly closed receptacles located on the upper ends of the piles rest.
- the object is achieved by a foundation set for a transformer platform with the features of claim 6, which consists initially of a pile driver, for example in the form of a lifting platform, and a pontoon with a grillage.
- the pile driver has arranged on him, mutually fixed Rammschablonen.
- the relative arrangement of the Rammschablonen corresponds exactly to the arrangement of piles of the substation in the assembled state in a horizontal cross section, ie the relative arrangement of the contact points of the piles with the seabed when considering only the horizontal extent.
- the Rammschablonen are preferably all arranged at the same height above the seabed on the piling mounted.
- the pile driver conveniently has a hammer with which each of the piles can be driven into the seabed by its associated ramming template.
- the hammer is designed for ramming all piles.
- the piling device has support legs that allow the piling device to be supported on location on the seabed and thus prevent the piling device from being displaced during ramming of the at least four, preferably five, or each higher number of piles.
- the support legs of the piling are all conveniently retractable and extendable.
- the extended support legs support a platform of the piling device on the seabed, so that the platform can be lifted out of the sea by means of a jacking system or the like.
- When retracted support legs piling is preferably floatable, so that it is moved away from the location after driving in the piles.
- the pontoon is moved with the platform top between the piles and placed in a position so that above the ends of the piles the pads are arranged on an underside of the platform top for the piles exactly perpendicular over the pile ends.
- the platform is lowered and the pads are positioned exactly on the upper ends of the piles.
- the pile driver on as many Rammschablonen as piles.
- the Rammschablonen are adaptable in their position for the respective substation, d. H. they can be changed in position on the pile driver. In their changed position, they are then again fixed in position on the pile driver during foundation.
- a foundation set comprising a pile driver 1, for example in the form of a jack-up platform, and a pontoon 2, on which a grass layer 3 is arranged, on which in turn a platform top 4 of a transformer platform 6 to be installed can be arranged.
- the pile driver 1 is spent on location.
- the piling device 1 can be buoyant itself, it has retracted support legs 7 and a floating platform 8.
- the piling device 1 can also be spent on location by means of a barge or the like.
- the pile driver 1 is in a predetermined manner to Lokation, d. H. arranged in a predetermined orientation relative to the seabed 9, and then the support legs 7 of the piling device 1 are lowered, so that the piling device 1 is supported on the seabed 9.
- the platform 8 can be lifted out of the water by means of jacking systems.
- Fig. 1 preferably arranged laterally Rammschablonen 11.
- the Rammschablonen 11 are arranged on or on the piling device 1, that at a vertical passage of piles 12 upper ends of the piles 12 exactly have the distance to each other, which corresponds to a distance of pads on an underside of the platform top 4, so that the platform upper part 4 can be placed on the upper ends of the piles 12 with its receptacles 16 ..
- the pile driver 1 has a crane 13 with a hammer 14 according to Fig. 1 - 4th on. This can be a heavy weight.
- the first pile 12 is inserted through the first piling template 11 until it is aligned vertically above the seabed 9, and then it is lowered onto the seabed 9. He is placed vertically on the seabed 9.
- the templates 12 may be foldable and / or dismountable. Then, by means of the hammer 14, the pile 12 is driven into the seabed 9.
- the piling device 1 remains after the ramming of a first pile 12 at the predetermined position on the seabed 9, and there is a second pile 12 inserted through a second Rammschablone 11, and by means of the hammer 14, the second pile 12 is rammed into the seabed 9. Successively as many piles 12 are rammed into the seabed 9, as required for supporting the platform shell 4. Four or more higher numbers of piles 12 can be driven in, preferably exactly four piles 12 are driven.
- the piles 12 are so far rammed into the seabed 9, that the upper end at least at the level of Rammschablone11, preferably higher than the Rammschablone 11 is arranged. More preferably, the upper end of the pile 12 is in a plane with the top of the ram template 11 after being driven into the seabed 9.
- the piles 12 are after they are rammed, according to Fig. 5 all parallel to each other and perpendicular. Subsequently, the platform shell 4 is spent on location.
- the Grillage 3 or similar is arranged in advance on the pontoon 2.
- the Grillage 3 is a scaffold.
- the platform upper part 4 is placed horizontally.
- the pontoon 2 is also buoyant together with the platform top 4 and is pulled together with the platform top 4 to location. This process is in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown.
- the pontoon 2 is dimensioned such that it according to Fig. 6 between the piles 12, and the platform top 4 is arranged on the grass layer 3 and on the pontoon 2 so that when passing through the pontoon 2 a position relative to the piles 12th has, so that sit by the simple lowering of the platform upper part 4, the receptacles 16 on the underside of the platform top 4 directly on the upper ends of the piles 12.
- the lowering of the pontoon 2 can be done by flooding of water tanks.
- the flood is through the two arrows in Fig. 6 shown.
- Fig. 7 shows the fully installed substation 6.
- the transformer platform 6 has relatively thin piles 12, which have no lattice structure, so that the entire foundation body has only a very low degree of locking for the wave impact. Due to the low barrier degree, the piles 12 can be designed with a small diameter.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gründung einer Umspannplattform mit wenigstens vier Pfählen (12), indem genau ein Rammgerät (1) auf Lokation verbracht wird, das Rammgerät (1) auf dem Meeresboden (9) mittels ausfahrbarer Stützbeine (7) abgestützt wird, auf oder an dem Rammgerät (1) Rammschablonen (11) angebracht werden, die Pfähle (12) durch die ihnen zugeordneten Rammschablonen (11) gesteckt werden, die Pfähle (12) nacheinander unter Beibehaltung der Position des Rammgerätes (1) in den Meeresboden (9) gerammt werden, obere Enden der in den Meeresboden (9) gerammten Pfähle (12) auf Höhe oder oberhalb der zugeordneten Rammschablone (11) angeordnet werden, die Stützbeine (7) des Rammgerätes (1) eingezogen werden und das Rammgerät (1) von der Lokation weg verbracht wird.The invention relates to a method for establishing a transformer platform with at least four piles (12) by exactly one pile driver (1) is spent on location, the pile driver (1) on the seabed (9) by means of extendable support legs (7) is supported on or on the piling device (1) Rammschablonen (11) are mounted, the piles (12) are plugged through their assigned Rammschablonen (11), the piles (12) successively while maintaining the position of Rammgerätes (1) in the seabed (9 ) are rammed, upper ends of the in the seabed (9) rammed piles (12) at the level or above the associated Rammschablone (11) are arranged, the support legs (7) of the pile driver (1) are retracted and the pile driver (1) of the location is spent away.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gründung einer Umspannplattform mit wenigstens drei Pfählen. Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Umspannplattform, die vorzugsweise mit einem derartigen Verfahren installiert wird und wenigstens drei Pfähle aufweist, sowie ein Gründungsset zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for establishing a transformer platform with at least three piles. The invention also relates to the transformer platform, which is preferably installed with such a method and has at least three piles, as well as a foundation set for carrying out the method.
Durch den Ausbau der Windenergie im Offshore-Bereich werden Umspannplattformen erforderlich. Auf den Umspannplattformen wird der von den einzelnen Windenergieanlagen erzeugte Strom transformiert und von dort durch ein Kabel an Land gebracht. Umspannplattformen oder Konverterplattformen werden insbesondere an der deutschen Westküste in der Nordsee installiert. Das Revier zeichnet sich durch extrem hohe und energiegeladene Wellen bei vergleichsweise geringer Wassertiefe aus. Bekannte Gründungsstrukturen wie Jacketts weisen einen hohen Versperrungsgrad auf und ziehen daher konstruktionsbedingt hohe Lasten an, wodurch sie schwer ausgelegt und dadurch teuer werden. Bekannt ist es, Pfahlgründungen für Umspannplattformen vorzusehen, bei deren Gründung eine Schablone am Meeresboden angeordnet wird und die Pfähle durch die Schablone in den Meeresboden gerammt werden. Dazu werden mehrere verschiedene Rammgeräte verwendet.The expansion of offshore wind energy will require substations. On the substations, the electricity generated by the individual wind turbines is transformed and brought from there by a cable to land. Substation platforms or converter platforms are installed in particular on the German west coast in the North Sea. The area is characterized by extremely high and energetic waves at relatively low water depth. Known foundation structures such as jackets have a high degree of obstruction and therefore draw high loads due to design, making them difficult to design and therefore expensive. It is known to provide pile foundations for substations at the foundation of a template is placed on the seabed and the piles are rammed through the template in the seabed. For this purpose several different piling devices are used.
Nachteilig an den bekannten Rammverfahren ist, dass sie nicht hinreichend präzise funktionieren oder relativ aufwendig sind.A disadvantage of the known piling method is that they do not function with sufficient precision or are relatively expensive.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es in einem ersten Aspekt, ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren zur Gründung einer Umspannplattform zu verbessern und im zweiten Aspekt, eine verbesserte Umspannplattform sowie in einem dritten Aspekt, ein verbessertes Gründungsset, mit dem die erfindungsgemäße Umspannplattform gegründet werden kann, zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the present invention is, in a first aspect, to improve an aforementioned method for establishing a transformer platform and in the second aspect, an improved transformer platform and in a third aspect, an improved foundation set with which the transformer platform according to the invention can be established To make available.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren macht von der Idee Gebrauch, genau ein Rammgerät zu verwenden, das auf Lokation verbracht wird und das mittels ausfahrbarer Stützbeine auf dem Meeresboden abgestützt wird. Bei dem Rammgerät kann es sich um eine Hubinsel oder Ähnliches handeln, die vorzugsweise einen Kran und einen Hammer aufweist.The method according to the invention makes use of the idea of using exactly one piling device which is brought to location and which is supported by means of extendable support legs on the seabed. The pile driver may be a jack-up or the like, which preferably has a crane and a hammer.
Der Begriff des Rammens ist hier sehr allgemein zu verstehen unter Rammen ist beispielsweise auch ein Bohren zu verstehen. Unter einem Rammgerät kann hier auch ein Bohrer oder ein Bohrgerät zu verstehen sein.The term "ramming" is to be understood very generally here "ramming" is also to be understood as drilling, for example. Under a pile driver can also be understood here a drill or a drill.
An dem Rammgerät werden Schablonen angebracht. Die Schablonen können außenseitig oder innenseitig an einer Plattform des Rammgerätes angeordnet werden, der relative Abstand der Schablonen zueinander entspricht genau der Position der Pfähle der Umspannplattform am Meeresboden, die Pfähle werden jeder einzeln, nacheinander lotrecht in den Meeresboden gerammt.Stencils are attached to the pile driver. The stencils can be arranged on the outside or on the inside of a platform of the pile driver, the relative distance between the stencils corresponds exactly to the position of the stakes of the staging platform on the seabed, the stakes are each individually, successively rammed vertically into the seabed.
Die Pfähle werden jeweils durch eine ihnen zugeordnete Rammschablone der Umspannplattform gesteckt. Sie werden günstigerweise lotrecht ausgependelt.The piles are inserted in each case by an assigned Rammschablone the substation. They are conveniently commuted vertically.
Die Pfähle werden nacheinander vorzugsweise unter Beibehaltung der Position des Rammgerätes in den Meeresboden gerammt. Die Stützbeine des Rammgerätes werden vorzugsweise während des gesamten Rammvorganges aller Pfähle nicht verändert. Die in den Meeresboden gerammten Pfähle bleiben auf Höhe oder oberhalb der ihnen zugeordneten Rammschablone angeordnet. "Oben" und "unten" beziehen sich auf Orientierungen vom Meeresboden weg bzw. zum Meeresboden hin.The piles are successively preferably rammed into the seabed while maintaining the position of the pile driver. The support legs of the piling device are preferably not changed during the entire piling of all piles. The rammed into the seabed piles remain at or above their assigned Rammschablone arranged. "Top" and "bottom" refer to orientations away from the seabed or to the seabed.
Es ist auch denkbar, dass eine Gruppe von Pfähle unter Beibehaltung der Position des Rammgerätes in den Meeresboden gerammt wird und das Rammgerät dann umgesetzt wird und wieder eine Gruppe von Pfählen in den Meeresboden gerammt wird. Auf alle Pfähle wird dann die Plattform aufgesetzt.It is also conceivable that a group of piles is ramming while maintaining the position of the pile driver in the seabed and the pile driver is then implemented and again a group of piles is rammed into the seabed. On all piles then the platform is placed.
Anschließend werden die Stützbeine des Rammgerätes eingezogen und das Rammgerät mit eingezogenen Stützbeinen von der Lokation weg verbracht. Nach dem Einrammen stehen die oberen Enden der Pfähle über die Meeresoberfläche heraus ab, vorzugsweise alle in identischer Höhe. Die relativen Abstände der oberen Enden der Pfähle zueinander entspricht exakt den relativen Abständen von Auflagen eines Plattformoberteils, das oben auf die Enden der Pfähle aufgesetzt wird. Günstigerweise werden die Pfähle soweit in den Boden gerammt, bis obere Enden höchstens auf Höhe der Rammschablone angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise + 3 m, vorzugsweise + 2 m, vorzugsweise bis + 1 m, vorzugsweise + 0,5 m, oberhalb der Rammschablone angeordnet sind. Die oberen Enden werden nicht durch die Rammschablone hindurchgerammt. Die Anordnung der Rammschablonen entspricht exakt der relativen Anordnung der Auflagen des Plattformoberteils wie auch den Kontaktpunkten der Pfähle mit dem Meeresboden in einer horizontalen Ebene.Subsequently, the support legs of the pile driver are retracted and spent the piling with retracted support legs of the location away. After ramming, the upper ends of the piles protrude over the sea surface, preferably all at identical heights. The relative distances of the upper ends of the piles to each other corresponds exactly to the relative distances of supports of a platform top, which is placed on top of the ends of the piles. Conveniently, the piles are rammed so far into the ground until upper ends are arranged at most at the level of Rammschablone, preferably + 3 m, preferably + 2 m, preferably to + 1 m, preferably + 0.5 m, are arranged above the Rammschablone. The upper ends are not driven through the ramming template. The arrangement of Rammschablonen corresponds exactly to the relative arrangement of the requirements of the platform shell as well as the contact points of the piles with the seabed in a horizontal plane.
Günstigerweise ist das Plattformoberteil, das auf Lokation verbracht wird und auf Lokation auf die oberen Pfahlenden aufgesetzt wird, auf einer Grillage und die auf einem Ponton angeordnet. Eine Unterseite des Plattformoberteils weist beim Verbringen auf Lokation eine Höhe über der Meeresoberfläche auf, die höher ist als alle Enden der Pfähle über der Meeresoberfläche. Der Ponton wird abgesenkt, nachdem das Plattformoberteil über die Pfähle verfahren ist und auf die Pfahlenden aufgesetzt. Dabei wird der Ponton so relativ zu den Pfählen angeordnet, dass bei Absenken das Plattformoberteils Auflagen einer Unterseite des Plattformoberteils exakt auf den Pfahlenden aufliegen.Conveniently, the platform top, which is spent on location and is placed on location on the upper pile ends, on a grillage and arranged on a pontoon. An underside of the platform shell, when deployed at location, has a height above the sea surface that is higher than all the ends of the piles above the sea surface. The pontoon is lowered after the platform top is moved over the piles and placed on the pile ends. In this case, the pontoon is arranged relative to the piles, that when lowering the platform upper part supports a bottom of the platform top rest exactly on the pile ends.
Die Aufgabe wird in ihrem zweiten Aspekt durch die eingangs genannte Umspannplattform mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 erfüllt.The object is met in its second aspect by the aforementioned substation with the features of claim 5.
Sie wird vorzugsweise in einem der oben genannten Verfahren installiert, umgekehrt eignet sich eines der oben genannten Verfahren zur Installation der Umspannplattform.It is preferably installed in one of the above-mentioned methods, conversely, one of the above-mentioned methods for installing the substation is suitable.
Die Umspannplattform weist wenigstens vier Pfähle auf, die parallel zueinander in einen Meeresboden gerammt sind. Die einzige konstruktive Verbindung zwischen den Pfählen ist das Plattformoberteil. Natürlich sind die Pfähle in gewisser Weise über dem Meeresboden miteinander verbunden, dieses ist jedoch im Sinne der Erfindung keine konstruktive Verbindung zwischen den Pfählen.The transfer platform has at least four piles, which are rammed parallel to each other into a seabed. The only constructive connection between the piles is the platform top. Of course, the piles are connected in some way above the seabed, but this is not a constructive connection between the piles in the context of the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß setzt das Plattformoberteil auf oberen Enden der Pfähle auf, die Pfähle werden also insbesondere nicht seitlich in Führungen abgesenkt oder seitlich in Führungen des Plattformoberteils gehalten, sondern die Plattform weist eine Unterseite auf mit vorzugsweise nach oben geschlossenen Aufnahmen, die auf den oberen Enden der Pfähle aufliegen.According to the invention, the platform upper part is seated on upper ends of the piles, ie the piles are not lowered laterally in guides or held laterally in guides of the platform top, but the platform has an underside with preferably upwardly closed receptacles located on the upper ends of the piles rest.
In dem dritten Aspekt wird die Aufgabe durch ein Gründungsset für eine Umspannplattform mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst, das zunächst aus einem Rammgerät, beispielsweise in Form einer Hubplattform, und einem Ponton mit einer Grillage besteht.In the third aspect, the object is achieved by a foundation set for a transformer platform with the features of
Das Rammgerät weist an ihm angeordnete, zueinander fixierte Rammschablonen auf. Die relative Anordnung der Rammschablonen entspricht exakt der Anordnung von Pfählen der Umspannplattform im montierten Zustand in einem horizontalen Querschnitt, also der relativen Anordnung der Kontaktpunkte der Pfähle mit dem Meeresboden bei Betrachtung nur der horizontalen Ausdehnung. Die Rammschablonen sind vorzugsweise alle auf gleicher Höhe über dem Meeresboden an dem aufgesetzten Rammgerät angeordnet.The pile driver has arranged on him, mutually fixed Rammschablonen. The relative arrangement of the Rammschablonen corresponds exactly to the arrangement of piles of the substation in the assembled state in a horizontal cross section, ie the relative arrangement of the contact points of the piles with the seabed when considering only the horizontal extent. The Rammschablonen are preferably all arranged at the same height above the seabed on the piling mounted.
Das Rammgerät weist günstigerweise einen Hammer auf, mit dem jeder der Pfähle durch die ihm zugeordnete Rammschablone in den Meeresboden eingerammt werden kann. Der Hammer ist zum Rammen aller Pfähle bestimmt. Das Rammgerät weist Stützbeine auf, die es ermöglichen, das Rammgerät auf Lokation auf dem Meeresboden abzustützen und so ein Verschieben des Rammgerätes während des Rammens der wenigstens vier, vorzugweise fünf oder jeder höheren Anzahl an Pfählen zu verhindern.The pile driver conveniently has a hammer with which each of the piles can be driven into the seabed by its associated ramming template. The hammer is designed for ramming all piles. The piling device has support legs that allow the piling device to be supported on location on the seabed and thus prevent the piling device from being displaced during ramming of the at least four, preferably five, or each higher number of piles.
Die Stützbeine des Rammgeräts sind alle günstigerweise einziehbar und ausfahrbar. Die ausgefahrenen Stützbeine stützen eine Plattform des Rammgerätes am Meeresboden ab, so dass die Plattform mittels eines Jacking Systems oder Ähnlichem aus dem Meer herausgehoben werden kann. Bei eingezogenen Stützbeinen ist das Rammgerät vorzugsweise schwimmfähig, so dass es nach dem Einrammen der Pfähle von der Lokation weg verfahren wird.The support legs of the piling are all conveniently retractable and extendable. The extended support legs support a platform of the piling device on the seabed, so that the platform can be lifted out of the sea by means of a jacking system or the like. When retracted support legs piling is preferably floatable, so that it is moved away from the location after driving in the piles.
Anschließend wird der Ponton mit dem Plattformoberteil zwischen die Pfähle verfahren und in eine Position verbracht, so dass oberhalb der Enden der Pfähle die Auflagen an einer Unterseite des Plattformoberteils für die Pfähle exakt lotrecht über den Pfahlenden angeordnet sind. Durch ein Absenken des Pontons, beispielsweise durch Fluten von Wassertanks, wird die Plattform abgesenkt, und die Auflagen werden exakt auf den oberen Enden der Pfähle positioniert. Günstigerweise weist das Rammgerät genauso viele Rammschablonen wie Pfähle auf.Subsequently, the pontoon is moved with the platform top between the piles and placed in a position so that above the ends of the piles the pads are arranged on an underside of the platform top for the piles exactly perpendicular over the pile ends. By lowering the pontoon, for example by flooding water tanks, the platform is lowered and the pads are positioned exactly on the upper ends of the piles. Conveniently, the pile driver on as many Rammschablonen as piles.
Die Rammschablonen sind in ihrer Position für die jeweilige Umspannplattform anpassbar, d. h. sie können an dem Rammgerät in ihrer Position verändert werden. In ihrer veränderten Position sind sie dann während der Gründung wieder positionsfest am Rammgerät angeordnet.The Rammschablonen are adaptable in their position for the respective substation, d. H. they can be changed in position on the pile driver. In their changed position, they are then again fixed in position on the pile driver during foundation.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in sieben Figuren beschrieben. Dabei zeigen die
- Fig. 1
- einen ersten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Gründung einer Umspannplattform mittels einer Hubinsel, die einen Pfahl der Umspannplattform in den Boden rammt,
- Fig. 2
- einen zweiten Schritt, bei dem der Pfahl bereits ein Stück weit in den Meeresboden eingerammt ist,
- Fig. 3
- einen Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei dem der Pfahl bereits vollständig in den Meeresboden eingerammt ist.
- Fig. 4
- einen vierten Schritt, bei dem der zweite Pfahl der Umspannplattform bereits vollständig in den Boden eingerammt ist,
- Fig. 5
- einen fünften Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei dem bereits alle Pfähle der Umspannplattform in den Meeresboden eingerammt sind und ein Plattformoberteil mittels eines Pontons auf Lokation verbracht wird,
- Fig. 6
- einen sechsten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei dem das Plattformoberteil mittels des Pontons über die Pfahlenden der eingerammten Pfähle verbracht wird und abgesenkt wird,
- Fig. 7
- die installierte Umspannplattform mit dem auf den Pfählen aufgesetzten Plattformoberteil.
- Fig. 1
- a first step of a method according to the invention for establishing a transformer platform by means of a jack-up platform, which rammed a pole of the transformer platform into the ground,
- Fig. 2
- a second step, in which the pile has already been driven a little way into the seabed,
- Fig. 3
- a step of the method according to the invention, in which the pile is already fully rammed into the seabed.
- Fig. 4
- a fourth step, in which the second pile of the transformer platform is already completely rammed into the ground,
- Fig. 5
- a fifth step of the method according to the invention, in which all the piles of the transformer platform are already rammed into the seabed and a platform top is brought to location by means of a pontoon,
- Fig. 6
- a sixth step of the method according to the invention, in which the platform upper part is brought by means of the pontoon over the pile ends of the driven piles and lowered,
- Fig. 7
- the installed transformer platform with the platform top mounted on the piles.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind in den
Zunächst wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben. Es macht von einem Gründungsset Gebrauch, das ein Rammgerät 1, beispielsweise in Form einer Hubinsel, umfasst sowie einen Ponton 2, auf dem eine Grillage 3 angeordnet ist, auf der wiederum ein Plattformoberteil 4 einer zu installierenden Umspannplattform 6 angeordnet werden kann. Zunächst wird das Rammgerät 1 auf Lokation verbracht. Das Rammgerät 1 kann selbst schwimmfähig sein, dazu weist es eingezogene Stützbeine 7 und eine schwimmfähige Plattform 8 auf.First, the method of the invention will be described. It makes use of a foundation set comprising a
Das Rammgerät 1 kann aber auch mittels einer Barge oder Ähnlichem auf Lokation verbracht werden. Das Rammgerät 1 wird in einer vorgebestimmten Weise auf Lokation, d. h. in einer vorbestimmten Ausrichtung gegenüber dem Meeresboden 9 angeordnet, und dann werden die Stützbeine 7 des Rammgerätes 1 abgesenkt, so dass sich das Rammgerät 1 auf dem Meeresboden 9 abstützt. Die Plattform 8 kann mittels Jacking Systemen aus dem Wasser herausgehoben werden.The
An dem Rammgerät 1 werden gemäß
Insbesondere ist zur Gründung der Pfähle 12 keine Schablone auf dem Meeresboden 9 erforderlich.In particular, no template on the
Das Rammgerät 1 weist einen Kran 13 mit einem Hammer 14 gemäß
Die Pfähle 12 stehen, nachdem sie eingerammt sind, gemäß
Der Ponton 2 ist derart dimensioniert, dass er gemäß
Das Absenken des Pontons 2 kann durch Fluten von Wassertanks erfolgen. Das Fluten ist durch die zwei Pfeile in
- 11
- Rammgerätpiling plant
- 22
- Pontonpontoon
- 33
- GrillageGrillage
- 44
- PlattformoberteilPlatform top
- 66
- Umspannplattformsubstation
- 77
- Stützbeinesupport legs
- 88th
- Plattformplatform
- 99
- MeeresbodenSeabed
- 1111
- RammschablonenRammschablonen
- 1212
- Pfahlstake
- 1313
- Krancrane
- 1414
- Hammerhammer
- 1616
- AufnahmenRecordings
Claims (7)
das Rammgerät (1) auf dem Meeresboden (9) mittels ausfahrbarer Stützbeine (7) abgestützt wird,
auf oder an dem Rammgerät (1) Rammschablonen (11) angebracht werden,
die Pfähle (12) durch die ihnen zugeordneten Rammschablonen (11) gesteckt werden, die Pfähle (12) nacheinander in den Meeresboden (9) gerammt werden,
obere Enden der in den Meeresboden (9) gerammten Pfähle (12) auf Höhe oder oberhalb der zugeordneten Rammschablone (11) angeordnet werden,
die Stützbeine (7) des Rammgerätes (1) eingezogen werden und
das Rammgerät (1) von der Lokation weg verbracht wird.Method for establishing a transformer platform with at least four piles (12) by placing exactly one piling device (1) on location,
the piling device (1) is supported on the seabed (9) by means of extendable support legs (7),
Rammschablonen (11) are mounted on or on the pile driver (1),
the piles (12) are inserted through the ramming templates (11) assigned to them, the piles (12) are successively rammed into the seabed (9),
upper ends of the piles (12) rammed into the seabed (9) are placed at or above the associated piling template (11),
the support legs (7) of the pile driver (1) are retracted and
the pile driver (1) is moved away from the location.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pfähle (12) soweit in den Meeresboden (9) gerammt werden, bis die oberen Enden der Pfähle (12) bis auf Höhe der Rammschablone (11) zuzüglich + 3 m, vorzugsweise zuzüglich 1 m, vorzugsweise zuzüglich + 0,5 m in den Meeresboden (9) gerammt werden, vorzugsweise exakt auf Höhe der Rammschablone (11) in den Meeresboden (9) gerammt werden.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the piles (12) are rammed so far into the seabed (9) until the upper ends of the piles (12) up to the height of the Rammschablone (11) plus + 3 m, preferably plus 1 m, preferably plus + 0 , 5 m are rammed into the seabed (9), preferably rammed exactly at the height of the ram template (11) in the seabed (9).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Plattformoberteil (4) auf einem Ponton (2) angeordnet wird und auf Lokation verbracht wird und auf Lokation auf die oberen Enden der Pfähle (12) aufgesetzt wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a platform top (4) is placed on a pontoon (2) and is moved to location and placed on location on the upper ends of the piles (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Plattformoberteil (4) auf einer Grilllage (3) auf dem Ponton (2) angeordnet ist und eine Unterseite des Plattformoberteils (4) beim Verbringen auf Lokation eine Höhe über der Meeresoberfläche aufweist, die höher als alle oberen Enden der Pfähle (12) über die Meeresoberfläche herausragt, und der Ponton (2), nachdem das Plattformoberteil (4) über die Pfähle (12) verfahren ist, abgesenkt wird, bis er auf den oberen Enden der Pfähle (12) aufsetzt.Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterized in that the platform top (4) is disposed on a grill ply (3) on the pontoon (2) and an underside of the platform top (4) has a height above the sea surface when deployed to location higher than all the top ends of the piles (12) protrudes over the sea surface, and the pontoon (2) after the platform top (4) has moved over the piles (12) is lowered until it rests on the upper ends of the piles (12).
mit einem Rammgerät (1), das mittels ausfahrbarer Stützbeine (7) auf Lokation auf einem Meeresboden (9) abstützbar ist,
und das Rammgerät (1) weist Rammschablonen (11) auf, durch die Pfähle (12) der Umspannplattform (6) steckbar sind, und
das Rammgerät (1) weist einen Hammer (14) zum Rammen aller Pfähle (12) auf, mit einem anhebbaren und absenkbaren Ponton (2), der mit einer Grillage (3) versehen ist, auf der ein Plattformoberteil (4) angeordnet ist, wobei eine Höhe der Grillage (3) bei angehobenem Ponton (2) höher ist als alle oberen Enden der in den Meeresboden (9) gerammten Pfähle (12).Foundation set for a transformer platform
with a piling device (1) which can be supported on a seabed (9) by means of extendable support legs (7),
and the pile driver (1) has Rammschablonen (11) through which piles (12) of the transformer platform (6) can be plugged, and
the pile driver (1) has a hammer (14) for ramming all piles (12), with a liftable and lowerable pontoon (2) provided with a grass layer (3) on which a platform top (4) is arranged, wherein a height of the grass layer (3) with the pontoon (2) raised is higher than all the upper ends of the piles (12) rammed into the seabed (9).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Rammgerät (1) genauso viele der Rammschablonen (11) vorgesehen sind wie Pfähle (12) für die Gründung der Umspannplattform (6) notwendig sind.Foundation set according to claim 6,
characterized in that the pile driver (1) as many of the Rammschablonen (11) are provided as piles (12) for the foundation of the transformer platform (6) are necessary.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102018104329.5A DE102018104329B4 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Method for the foundation of a substation and substation with at least four piles |
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EP3530814A1 true EP3530814A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
EP3530814B1 EP3530814B1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
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US (1) | US11131073B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3530814B1 (en) |
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DE202009006507U1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-08-06 | Bard Engineering Gmbh | A guide frame for vertically guiding at least one foundation pile when constructing a foundation of an offshore wind turbine and stacking, erecting and lowering device for erecting a foundation of an offshore wind turbine |
EP2431531A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-21 | N. prior energy GmbH | Method and device for producing a ramming assembly on a sea or lake bed |
JP2013204399A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd | Construction method of piled marine structure and piled marine structure |
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US5219451A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-06-15 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Offshore deck to substructure mating system and method |
FR2711687B1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-12-29 | Etpm Sa | Method for installing the bridge of a marine platform on a support structure at sea. |
US6347909B1 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2002-02-19 | J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. | Method to transport and install a deck |
NO317848B1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-12-20 | Aker Marine Contractors As | Procedure and arrangement for installation and removal of objects at sea |
DE102010046732A1 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2012-03-29 | Werner Möbius Engineering GmbH | Method for installing heavy-weight foundation for wind turbine, involves partially or completely sinking base part into bottom of sea by fluidizing and suctioning off of bottom by suction and pressure pumps underneath sole of base part |
BE1020071A5 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-04-02 | Geosea N V | METHOD FOR PROVIDING A FOUNDATION FOR A MASS FIXED AT HEIGHT AND A POSITIONING FRAME FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD. |
DE102016116166A1 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Overdick Gmbh & Co. Kg | pile foundation |
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- 2018-02-26 DE DE102018104329.5A patent/DE102018104329B4/en active Active
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DE202009006507U1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-08-06 | Bard Engineering Gmbh | A guide frame for vertically guiding at least one foundation pile when constructing a foundation of an offshore wind turbine and stacking, erecting and lowering device for erecting a foundation of an offshore wind turbine |
EP2431531A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-21 | N. prior energy GmbH | Method and device for producing a ramming assembly on a sea or lake bed |
JP2013204399A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd | Construction method of piled marine structure and piled marine structure |
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US11131073B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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DE102018104329A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
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