EP3530476A1 - Treatment of a painted surface using a laser - Google Patents
Treatment of a painted surface using a laser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3530476A1 EP3530476A1 EP19158987.8A EP19158987A EP3530476A1 EP 3530476 A1 EP3530476 A1 EP 3530476A1 EP 19158987 A EP19158987 A EP 19158987A EP 3530476 A1 EP3530476 A1 EP 3530476A1
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- Prior art keywords
- paint
- layer
- patterns
- less
- appearance
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
- B44C1/228—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by laser radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/005—Removing selectively parts of at least the upper layer of a multi-layer article
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of automotive appearance parts comprising a decorative coating formed of one or more layers of paint.
- appearance parts such as a tailgate, a spoiler front, a side door, a hood, etc.
- the invention more particularly relates to a method of producing decorative elements for highlighting a defined area of the appearance part.
- These decorative elements are in the form of elementary patterns of paint, visible to the naked eye.
- the invention relates to elementary patterns of which one and / or the other characteristic dimension is of very low value.
- low value characteristic dimension is understood here to mean a value of width and / or length less than 1 mm and preferably less than 0.5 mm.
- paint spots of given diameter distributed according to a particular surface density confer particular gradient effects comparable to a pixelated image.
- These painting patterns can be made directly on the surface to be painted or on a surface having a coating layer of the same or different color paint patterns.
- a known method for producing these painting patterns is to have a mask having openings of the shape and size of the elementary patterns and distributed over the surface of the mask, and to deposit the paint layer so that the paint reaches the surface to decorate the right of the only parts of the mask having openings.
- the method according to the invention aims to provide an alternative solution for producing paint patterns whose smallest dimension is less than a factor of ten to the elementary patterns of paint made according to the method described above and to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned.
- the method according to the invention relates to the production of decorative elements formed of a plurality of identical elementary patterns on the surface of a motor vehicle part.
- the elementary patterns forming the decorative element can be of large size, (i.e. the smaller characteristic length is greater than 2mm) this method is particularly interesting for the realization of small or very small dimensions. Indeed, the size of the point of impact of the light beam generated by the pulse laser determines the minimum distance between two patterns and the size and accuracy of the pattern of these elementary patterns.
- a characteristic length substantially corresponds to the greatest distance between two points of the circumference of the pattern and the characteristic width corresponds substantially to the smallest distance between two points located on sides of the circumference being face.
- a pulse laser makes it possible to remove the decorative coating layer such as a paint in a very precise manner without altering the surface on which the paint layer has been deposited. This operation is performed after complete polymerization of the paint and therefore after a predetermined drying time.
- This technology is based on the use of the light beam to create a thermal and mechanical interaction with the paint layer.
- the pulsation corresponds to a laser shot in which a very concentrated energy is produced for a very short time of the order of a few nanoseconds.
- This laser firing has the effect of raising the paint layer to very high temperature leading to its melting and then its vaporization, eventually leading to the creation of a plasma.
- the formation and relaxation of the plasma produces mechanical shock waves and acoustic waves that propagate in the material, fragment it, and cause the ejection of particles of various sizes.
- the underlying material forming the appearance part is not affected by this treatment.
- the paint layer can then be removed very accurately and patterns can be obtained with clean edges, free of irregularities.
- the pulse laser used for this type of application is preferably a CO2 laser emitting light whose wavelength is between 9000 nm and 12000 nm.
- NdYAG pulse lasers or fiber pulse lasers may also be suitable, with the necessary adaptations to these types of lasers.
- the method according to the invention provides for varying these parameters.
- the displacement of the light beam is obtained using a galvanometric head, whose mirror movements are controlled by a programmable device for performing the removal process according to a predetermined sequence.
- a focal diameter of 0.1 mm is useful for making patterns with low spacing between them or having a circumference formed of curves.
- the area of paint removed at each pass is small.
- the power delivered by the laser is of the order of 60 W.
- a larger focal diameter of the order of 1mm or 1.5mm, is less accurate but allows to remove larger paint surfaces at each impact of the light beam. This setting makes it possible to treat the empty surfaces of elementary patterns more quickly.
- the power of the laser must then be increased to produce a similar removal effect.
- the power delivered by the laser is then of the order of 110 W.
- the mirrors and the lenses of the optical device are adjusted so that the focal diameter of the light beam at the impact of said beam on the surface of the aspect piece is between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm.
- the figure 1 illustrates a random elementary pattern shape 2 in which the characteristic length is denoted L and the characteristic width is denoted by l.
- the figure 2 illustrates an elementary pattern 2 rectilinear width l and length L.
- the figure 3 illustrates elementary patterns 2 having the shape of parallelograms, wherein the characteristic dimension corresponds to the length l of a diagonal.
- These elementary patterns 2 have the particularity of being able to be achieved by scanning the surface using the light beam following rectilinear paths.
- Four passages with trajectories forming angles of 0 ° 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° between them make it possible to define the contou r of an elementary pattern having the shape of an octagon.
- Three passages with trajectories forming angles of 0, 60 ° and 120 ° between them make it possible to define the outline of an elementary pattern having the shape of a hexagon.
- Two passages having trajectories forming an angle of 90 ° between them make it possible to define the outline of an elementary pattern having the shape of a square or a rectangle.
- the scanning speed is limited, in the state of the technologies currently available on the market, by the speed of operation of the electronic switch enabling to interrupt the luminous flux during the change of direction, when the light beam reaches the geometric limit of the elementary pattern in the direction considered.
- This scanning speed limit is around 5m / s.
- the figure 4 illustrates the case of a decorative element comprising streaks and formed of elementary patterns of the type of the one shown in FIG. figure 2 .
- These elementary patterns appear in contrast to the color forming the surface 4 of the appearance part before the deposition of the paint layer 3.
- the light beam moves linearly alternately in one direction and then in the other in a constant direction here making substantially an angle of 45 °.
- the elementary patterns form regular streaks of equal length and width, of the same inclination, which are spaced apart by a pitch p which can be constant as shown in FIG. figure 4 , or that can be variable depending on the desired effect. Similarly the width of the streaks can be adjusted at will.
- the figure 5 represents a decorative element in the form of a ribbed circle, in which the elementary patterns 2 are of the same color as the painting 3, and have variable lengths.
- the figure 6 illustrates the case of elementary motifs of small dimension of shape octagonal and giving the illusion of appearing in the form of circles or small dots, comparable to pixels, regularly distributed on the surface of the piece of appearance.
- the scanning movements of the light beam along the four axes perpendicular two by two is illustrated by the arrows.
- pixels makes it possible to form positive or negative representative images by distributing the pixels judiciously on the surface of the aspect piece, so as to make a circle appear as shown in FIG. figure 7 .
- a particularly advantageous variant embodiment of the invention consists in depositing, prior to step A, a primer layer serving as a base for the color paint layer 3 itself on the surface of the appearance part.
- the method according to the invention then makes it possible to produce decorative elements presenting original particularities.
- One way to proceed is to implement the method as previously described by adjusting the power of the light beam to remove the single layer of paint without altering the primer layer.
- the elementary patterns then appear in contrast to the primary layer.
- this first alternative then allows to play on the color variations and promote the highlighting of the decorative element.
- the primer layer is translucent, this arrangement makes it possible to obtain particularly interesting depth effects.
- a second way of proceeding is to implement the method by increasing the light power provided by the laser, and to simultaneously remove during the same passage of the light beam, the paint layer and the primer layer.
- the elementary pattern appears in contrast to the raw surface of the decorative element.
- the material forming the appearance part is transparent or translucent, and when the primer layer is chosen in a shade that does not allow the light to pass, it is then possible to have a light source under the appearance part to make it appear the decorative element in contrast with the light source placed behind.
- the opaque primer layer also retains light capable of filtering under the paint layer located at the periphery of the decorative element and to improve the sharpness and the precision of the luminous effect.
- the decorative element formed elementary patterns can hide the hot spots of light from light scattering irregularities from the light source disposed behind the room.
- the method according to the invention provides to adapt the power of the laser depending on the type of use.
- the power of a CO2 type laser whose peak peak power is of the order of 500 W, between 200W and 50W, is varied.
- the choice of the appropriate power depends, as we have seen, on the size of the focal diameter of the light beam and the thickness of the paint and / or primer layer that is to be removed.
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Procédé de réalisation d'éléments de décor (1) formés d'une pluralité de motifs élémentaires (2) identiques sur la surface d'une pièce d'aspect de véhicule automobile, au cours duquel on exécute les étapes suivantes :- Etape A : on dépose une couche de peinture (3) sur la pièce d'aspect, et on laisse durcir ladite peinture pendant une durée prédéterminée,- Etape B : à l'aide d'un laser à impulsions, on enlève localement ladite couche de peinture (3) entre les motifs élémentaires (2) de sorte que lesdits motifs élémentaires (2) présentant une largeur (f) et/ou une longueur (L) caractéristique de valeur inférieure à 2mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 1mm et 0,1mm, et répartis sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect selon une distribution donnée, apparaissent en contraste par rapport à la surface (4) de la pièce d'aspect.A method of producing decorative elements (1) formed of a plurality of identical elementary patterns (2) on the surface of a motor vehicle part, in which the following steps are performed: - Step A: a paint layer (3) is deposited on the appearance part, and said paint is allowed to harden for a predetermined period of time, - Step B: using a pulsed laser, said layer of paint is removed locally ( 3) between the elementary patterns (2) so that said elementary patterns (2) having a width (f) and / or a length (L) characteristic of less than 2mm value and preferably between 1mm and 0.1mm, and distributed on the surface of the part of appearance in a given distribution, appear in contrast with the surface (4) of the part of appearance.
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des pièces d'aspect de véhicule automobile comprenant un revêtement de décor formé d'une ou plusieurs couches de peinture.The invention relates to the field of automotive appearance parts comprising a decorative coating formed of one or more layers of paint.
On entend ici par pièce d'aspect une pièce dont une face est visible de l'extérieur et qui nécessite un traitement de surface particulier, tel qu'un dépôt de peinture, pour répondre à des exigences esthétiques. Dans un véhicule automobile, sont considérées comme des pièces d'aspect, des éléments tels qu'un hayon arrière, un becquet avant, une porte latérale, un capot, etc.Here is meant by a part of appearance a part whose face is visible from the outside and which requires a particular surface treatment, such as a paint deposit, to meet aesthetic requirements. In a motor vehicle, are considered appearance parts, such as a tailgate, a spoiler front, a side door, a hood, etc.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un procédé de réalisation d'éléments décoratifs permettant de mettre en valeur une zone définie de la pièce d'aspect.The invention more particularly relates to a method of producing decorative elements for highlighting a defined area of the appearance part.
Ces éléments décoratifs se présentent sous la forme de motifs élémentaires de peinture, visibles à l'oeil nu. Préférentiellement l'invention concerne des motifs élémentaires dont l'une et/ou l'autre dimension caractéristique est de très faible valeurThese decorative elements are in the form of elementary patterns of paint, visible to the naked eye. Preferably, the invention relates to elementary patterns of which one and / or the other characteristic dimension is of very low value.
On entend ici par dimension caractéristique de faible valeur une valeur de largeur et/ou de longueur inférieure à 1mm et préférentiellement inférieure à 0,5mm.The term "low value characteristic dimension" is understood here to mean a value of width and / or length less than 1 mm and preferably less than 0.5 mm.
Ainsi, une juxtaposition de lignes de peinture parallèles entre elles, et espacées de manière régulière, procure un effet visuel strié dans une direction donnée.Thus, a juxtaposition of lines of paint parallel to each other, and regularly spaced, provides a ribbed visual effect in a given direction.
De même, des points de peinture de diamètre donné répartis selon une densité de surface particulière confèrent des effets de dégradé particuliers comparables à une image pixélisée.Likewise, paint spots of given diameter distributed according to a particular surface density confer particular gradient effects comparable to a pixelated image.
Ces motifs de peinture peuvent être réalisés directement sur la surface à peindre ou sur une surface comportant une couche de revêtement de couleur identique ou différente des motifs de peinture.These painting patterns can be made directly on the surface to be painted or on a surface having a coating layer of the same or different color paint patterns.
Une méthode connue permettant de réaliser ces motifs de peinture consiste à disposer un masque comportant des ouvertures de la forme et de la dimension des motifs élémentaires et réparties sur la surface du masque, et à déposer la couche de peinture de sorte que la peinture atteint la surface à décorer au droit des seules parties du masque présentant des ouvertures.A known method for producing these painting patterns is to have a mask having openings of the shape and size of the elementary patterns and distributed over the surface of the mask, and to deposit the paint layer so that the paint reaches the surface to decorate the right of the only parts of the mask having openings.
Cette méthode présente toutefois, des difficultés de mise en oeuvre non négligeables. En effet, les dimensions des orifices ne peuvent pas être inférieures à 1 ou 2 mm au risque de voir les ouvertures se boucher. De plus, il est nécessaire de conserver le masque dans un état de propreté rigoureux au risque de voir les motifs décoratifs se dégrader après la réalisation de plusieurs éléments de décor successifs. Cette situation peut conduire à réaliser un masque jetable après un usage unique. Enfin, lorsque le masque est directement en contact avec la surface à décorer le risque d'arracher les motifs de peinture lors de l'opération d'enlèvement du masque est d'autant plus élevé que la taille des motifs est faible.This method, however, has significant implementation difficulties. Indeed, the dimensions of the orifices can not be less than 1 or 2 mm at the risk of seeing the openings clog. In addition, it is necessary to keep the mask in a clean state of rigor at the risk of seeing decorative patterns deteriorate after the completion of several successive decor elements. This situation may lead to making a disposable mask after a single use. Finally, when mask is directly in contact with the surface to decorate the risk of tearing the paint patterns during the removal operation of the mask is all the higher as the size of the patterns is small.
Le procédé selon l'invention a pour objet d'apporter une solution alternative permettant de réaliser des motifs de peinture dont la plus faible dimension est inférieure d'un facteur dix aux motifs élémentaires de peinture réalisés selon le procédé décrit ci-dessus et de supprimer les inconvénients cités.The method according to the invention aims to provide an alternative solution for producing paint patterns whose smallest dimension is less than a factor of ten to the elementary patterns of paint made according to the method described above and to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned.
Le procédé selon l'invention a pour objet la réalisation d'éléments de décor formés d'une pluralité de motifs élémentaires identiques sur la surface d'une pièce d'aspect de véhicule automobile.The method according to the invention relates to the production of decorative elements formed of a plurality of identical elementary patterns on the surface of a motor vehicle part.
Ce procédé prévoit d'exécuter les étapes au cours desquelles :
- Etape A : on dépose une couche de peinture sur la pièce d'aspect, et on laisse durcir ladite peinture pendant un temps de séchage prédéterminé,
- Etape B : à l'aide d'un laser à impulsions, on enlève localement ladite couche de peinture entre les motifs élémentaires (3) de sorte que lesdits motifs élémentaires (2) présentant une largeur (ℓ) et/ou une longueur (L) caractéristique de valeur inférieure à 2mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 1mm et 0,1mm, et répartis sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect selon une distribution donnée, apparaissent en contraste par rapport à la surface de la pièce d'aspect.
- Stage A: a layer of paint is deposited on the part of appearance, and it is allowed to harden said paint during a predetermined drying time,
- Step B: using a pulsed laser, said paint layer is locally removed between the elementary patterns (3) so that said elementary patterns (2) have a width (ℓ) and / or a length (L ) Characteristic value less than 2mm and preferably between 1mm and 0.1mm, and distributed over the surface of the appearance part in a given distribution, appear in contrast with the surface of the appearance part.
Bien que les motifs élémentaires formant l'élément décoratif puissent être de grande dimension, (i.e. dont la plus petite longueur caractéristique est supérieure à 2mm) ce procédé s'avère particulièrement intéressant pour la réalisation de motifs de petite dimension voire de très petite dimension. En effet la taille du point d'impact du faisceau lumineux engendré par le laser à impulsion détermine la distance minimum entre deux motifs ainsi que la dimension et la précision du tracé de ces motifs élémentaires.Although the elementary patterns forming the decorative element can be of large size, (i.e. the smaller characteristic length is greater than 2mm) this method is particularly interesting for the realization of small or very small dimensions. Indeed, the size of the point of impact of the light beam generated by the pulse laser determines the minimum distance between two patterns and the size and accuracy of the pattern of these elementary patterns.
On entend ici par motifs élémentaires de petite dimension des motifs élémentaires présentant une largeur et/ou une longueur caractéristique de valeur inférieure à 2mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 1mm et 0,1mm. Pour la bonne compréhension de ce qui précède, une longueur caractéristique correspond sensiblement à la plus grande distance entre deux points de la circonférence du motif et la largeur caractéristique correspond sensiblement à la plus petite distance entre deux points situés sur des côtés de la circonférence se faisant face.Here we mean by elementary patterns of small size elementary patterns having a width and / or a characteristic length of less than 2mm and preferably between 1mm and 0.1mm. For a good understanding of the above, a characteristic length substantially corresponds to the greatest distance between two points of the circumference of the pattern and the characteristic width corresponds substantially to the smallest distance between two points located on sides of the circumference being face.
Il est alors possible de générer des éléments décoratifs formés par la juxtaposition de motifs élémentaires identiques de faible dimension et d'engendrer, comme on le verra par la suite, des effets particuliers.It is then possible to generate decorative elements formed by the juxtaposition of identical elementary patterns of small dimension and to generate, as will be seen later, particular effects.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comprendre isolément, ou en combinaison, les caractéristiques suivantes :
- Les motifs élémentaires de peinture se présentent sous forme de stries parallèles entre elles.
- Les motifs élémentaires de peinture se présentent sous la forme de points de diamètre inférieurs à 2mm et préférentiellement compris entre 1mm et 0,1mm.
- Les motifs élémentaires de peinture se présentent sous la forme de parallélogrammes tels que des carrés, des rectangles, des hexagones, ou des octogones dont une diagonale est inférieure à 2mm et préférentiellement comprise entre 1mm et 0,1mm.
- Au cours de l'étape B, on utilise un laser de type CO2 dont la puissance crête variable est inférieure à 500 W et préférentiellement inférieure à 200W pour générer un faisceau lumineux dirigé vers la surface de la pièce d'aspect.
- Un diamètre focal du faisceau lumineux au niveau de l'impact dudit faisceau sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect est variable entre 0,1mm et 1,5mm.
- A l'aide d'une tête galvanométrique, on déplace le faisceau lumineux sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect à une vitesse variable de balayage inférieure à 5m/s et préférentiellement inférieure à 1m/s.
- On déplace le faisceau lumineux selon des trajectoires rectilignes de longueur donnée, parallèles entre elles, et espacées d'un pas donné.
- On effectue plusieurs passages successifs en balayant la surface selon les trajectoires rectilignes faisant un angle donné entre elles.
- Préalablement à l'étape A, on dépose une couche de primaire sur la pièce d'aspect.
- Au cours de l'étape B, on enlève la seule couche de peinture sans altérer la couche de primaire.
- La couche de primaire est translucide.
- Au cours de l'étape B, on enlève simultanément la couche de peinture et la couche de primaire.
- La couche de primaire ne laisse pas passer la lumière.
- Postérieurement à l'étape B, on dépose une couche de vernis translucide sur la pièce d'aspect.
- The elementary patterns of painting are in the form of streaks parallel to each other.
- The elementary patterns of paint are in the form of points of diameter less than 2 mm and preferably between 1 mm and 0.1 mm.
- The elementary patterns of painting are in the form of parallelograms such as squares, rectangles, hexagons, or octagons whose diagonal is less than 2mm and preferably between 1mm and 0.1mm.
- During step B, a CO2 type laser is used whose variable peak power is less than 500 W and preferably less than 200 W to generate a light beam directed towards the surface of the aspect piece.
- A focal diameter of the light beam at the impact of said beam on the surface of the part of appearance is variable between 0.1mm and 1.5mm.
- With the aid of a galvanometric head, the light beam is displaced on the surface of the appearance part at a variable scanning speed of less than 5 m / s and preferably less than 1 m / s.
- The light beam is displaced along rectilinear paths of given length, parallel to each other, and spaced apart by a given pitch.
- Several successive passages are made by scanning the surface along the rectilinear paths at a given angle between them.
- Prior to step A, a layer of primer is deposited on the appearance part.
- During step B, the single layer of paint is removed without altering the primer layer.
- The primer layer is translucent.
- During step B, simultaneously removing the paint layer and the primer layer.
- The primer layer does not let light through.
- After step B, a layer of translucent varnish is deposited on the appearance part.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture des figures annexées, qui sont fournies à titre d'exemples et ne présentent aucun caractère limitatif, dans lesquelles :
- La
figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un motif élémentaire de forme aléatoire. - La
figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un motif élémentaire rectiligne. - La
figure 3 représente des vues schématiques élémentaires de motifs formés à partir de parallélogrammes. - La
figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'un élément de décor formé de stries. - La
figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un élément de décor comprenant des stries. - La
figure 6 est une vue schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'un élément de décor formé de points. - La
figure 7 est une vue schématique d'un élément de décor comprenant des points.
- The
figure 1 is a schematic view of an elementary pattern of random form. - The
figure 2 is a schematic view of a straight elementary pattern. - The
figure 3 represents schematic elementary views of patterns formed from parallelograms. - The
figure 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a decorative element formed by streaks. - The
figure 5 is a schematic view of a decor element including streaks. - The
figure 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a decorative element formed of dots. - The
figure 7 is a schematic view of a decor element including dots.
L'utilisation d'un laser à impulsion permet d'enlever la couche de revêtement de décor tel qu'une peinture de manière très précise sans altérer la surface sur laquelle la couche de peinture a été déposée. Cette opération s'exécute après polymérisation complète de la peinture et donc après un temps de séchage prédéterminé.The use of a pulse laser makes it possible to remove the decorative coating layer such as a paint in a very precise manner without altering the surface on which the paint layer has been deposited. This operation is performed after complete polymerization of the paint and therefore after a predetermined drying time.
Cette technologie est fondée sur l'utilisation du faisceau lumineux pour créer une interaction thermique et mécanique avec la couche de peinture. La pulsation correspond à un tir laser au cours duquel on produit une énergie très concentrée pendant un temps très court de l'ordre de quelques nanosecondes.This technology is based on the use of the light beam to create a thermal and mechanical interaction with the paint layer. The pulsation corresponds to a laser shot in which a very concentrated energy is produced for a very short time of the order of a few nanoseconds.
Ce tir laser a pour effet d'élever la couche de peinture à très haute température conduisant à sa fusion puis à sa vaporisation, pour aboutir finalement à la création d'un plasma. La formation puis la détente du plasma produit des ondes de choc mécaniques et des ondes acoustiques qui se propagent dans le matériau, le fragmentent, et provoquent l'éjection de particules de tailles variées. Le matériau sous-jacent formant la pièce d'aspect n'est pas affecté par ce traitement.This laser firing has the effect of raising the paint layer to very high temperature leading to its melting and then its vaporization, eventually leading to the creation of a plasma. The formation and relaxation of the plasma produces mechanical shock waves and acoustic waves that propagate in the material, fragment it, and cause the ejection of particles of various sizes. The underlying material forming the appearance part is not affected by this treatment.
En utilisant des faisceaux lumineux de diamètre focal adapté, on peut alors enlever la couche de peinture de manière très précise et obtenir des motifs dotés de bords propres, dépourvus d'irrégularités.By using light beams of suitable focal diameter, the paint layer can then be removed very accurately and patterns can be obtained with clean edges, free of irregularities.
Le laser à impulsion utilisé pour ce type d'application est de préférence un laser CO2 émettant une lumière dont la longueur d'onde est comprise entre 9000nm et 12000nm.The pulse laser used for this type of application is preferably a CO2 laser emitting light whose wavelength is between 9000 nm and 12000 nm.
D'autres types de laser tels que des lasers à impulsion de type NdYAG ou des lasers à impulsion à fibre peuvent également convenir, moyennant les adaptations nécessaires à ces types de laser.Other types of laser such as NdYAG pulse lasers or fiber pulse lasers may also be suitable, with the necessary adaptations to these types of lasers.
Il est facilement compréhensible que la capacité d'enlèvement du faisceau lumineux découle directement de la densité d'énergie fournie pendant l'impulsion. Cette quantité d'énergie dépend, entre autres paramètres :
- de la taille du faisceau lumineux au niveau du point d'impact avec la surface de la pièce d'aspect et qui correspond à la taille du diamètre focal de la lentille de sortie.
- de la puissance délivrée par le laser et, dans une moindre mesure,
- de la vitesse de déplacement du faisceau sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect.
- the size of the light beam at the point of impact with the surface of the appearance piece and which corresponds to the size of the focal diameter of the exit lens.
- the power delivered by the laser and, to a lesser extent,
- the speed of displacement of the beam on the surface of the part of appearance.
Le procédé selon l'invention prévoit de faire varier ces paramètres.The method according to the invention provides for varying these parameters.
Le déplacement du faisceau lumineux est obtenu à l'aide d'une tête galvanométrique, dont les mouvements des miroirs sont pilotés par un dispositif programmable permettant de réaliser le procédé d'enlèvement selon une séquence préétablie.The displacement of the light beam is obtained using a galvanometric head, whose mirror movements are controlled by a programmable device for performing the removal process according to a predetermined sequence.
Comme cela a été évoqué ci-dessus, plus le diamètre focal au point d'impact est faible plus l'enlèvement de la couche de peinture sera précis. Un diamètre focal de 0,1mm s'avère utile pour réaliser des motifs faiblement espacés entre eux ou présentant une circonférence formée de courbes. Toutefois, la surface de peinture enlevée à chaque passage est faible. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, lorsque l'on cherche à enlever la seule couche de peinture à une vitesse de balayage de 1m/s, la puissance délivrée par le laser est de l'ordre de 60 W.As mentioned above, the smaller the focal diameter at the point of impact, the more precise the removal of the paint layer will be. A focal diameter of 0.1 mm is useful for making patterns with low spacing between them or having a circumference formed of curves. However, the area of paint removed at each pass is small. Thus, for example, when one seeks to remove the single layer of paint at a scanning speed of 1m / s, the power delivered by the laser is of the order of 60 W.
A l'inverse, un diamètre focal plus important, de l'ordre de 1mm voire 1,5mm, s'avère moins précis mais permet d'enlever des surfaces de peinture plus importantes à chaque impact du rayon lumineux. Ce réglage permet de traiter les surfaces vides de motifs élémentaires plus rapidement. La puissance du laser doit alors être augmentée pour produire un effet d'enlèvement similaire. A titre d'exemple, pour un diamètre focal de 1mm, lorsque l'on cherche à enlever la seule couche de peinture à une vitesse de balayage de 1m/s, la puissance délivrée par le laser est alors de l'ordre de 110W.Conversely, a larger focal diameter, of the order of 1mm or 1.5mm, is less accurate but allows to remove larger paint surfaces at each impact of the light beam. This setting makes it possible to treat the empty surfaces of elementary patterns more quickly. The power of the laser must then be increased to produce a similar removal effect. By way of example, for a focal diameter of 1 mm, when it is desired to remove the single layer of paint at a scanning speed of 1 m / s, the power delivered by the laser is then of the order of 110 W.
En pratique, on ajuste les miroirs et les lentilles du dispositif optique de sorte que le diamètre focal du faisceau lumineux au niveau de l'impact dudit faisceau sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect soit compris entre 0,1mm et 1,5mm.In practice, the mirrors and the lenses of the optical device are adjusted so that the focal diameter of the light beam at the impact of said beam on the surface of the aspect piece is between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm.
La
La
La
On notera ici que, lorsque l'on effectue des mouvements de va et vient selon une direction donnée, la vitesse de balayage est limitée, dans l'état des technologies actuellement disponibles couramment sur le marché, par la vitesse de fonctionnement du commutateur électronique permettant d'interrompre le flux lumineux lors du changement de direction, lorsque le faisceau lumineux atteint la limite géométrique du motif élémentaire dans la direction considérée. Cette limite de vitesse de balayage se situe aux environs de 5m/s.It will be noted here that, when reciprocating movements are effected in a given direction, the scanning speed is limited, in the state of the technologies currently available on the market, by the speed of operation of the electronic switch enabling to interrupt the luminous flux during the change of direction, when the light beam reaches the geometric limit of the elementary pattern in the direction considered. This scanning speed limit is around 5m / s.
Les
La
La
La
L'utilisation de pixels permet de former des images représentatives positives ou négatives en distribuant les pixels de manière judicieuse sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect, de manière à faire apparaitre un cercle comme cela est représenté à la
Les exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention qui précèdent s'intéressent plus particulièrement au cas où on enlève la couche de peinture 3 déposée sur la pièce d'aspect et dans lequel les motifs élémentaires apparaissent en contraste de la couleur de la surface brute de la pièce d'aspect.The examples of implementation of the invention which precede are more particularly in the case where the layer of
Une variante d'exécution particulièrement intéressante de l'invention consiste à déposer, préalablement à l'étape A, une couche de primaire servant de base à la couche de peinture de couleur 3 proprement dite sur la surface de la pièce d'aspect.A particularly advantageous variant embodiment of the invention consists in depositing, prior to step A, a primer layer serving as a base for the
Le procédé selon l'invention permet alors de réaliser des éléments de décor présentant des particularités originales.The method according to the invention then makes it possible to produce decorative elements presenting original particularities.
Une première façon de procéder consiste à mettre en oeuvre le procédé comme cela est décrit précédemment en ajustant la puissance du faisceau lumineux pour enlever la seule couche de peinture sans altérer la couche de primaire. Les motifs élémentaires apparaissent alors en contraste de la couche primaire.One way to proceed is to implement the method as previously described by adjusting the power of the light beam to remove the single layer of paint without altering the primer layer. The elementary patterns then appear in contrast to the primary layer.
Au-delà de l'intérêt bien connu d'utiliser une couche de primaire pour améliorer la tenue de la peinture, cette première alternative permet alors de jouer sur les variations de couleur et de favoriser la mise en évidence de l'élément de décor. Lorsque la couche de primaire est translucide, cet arrangement permet d'obtenir des effets de profondeur particulièrement intéressants.Beyond the well-known interest of using a layer of primer to improve the performance of the paint, this first alternative then allows to play on the color variations and promote the highlighting of the decorative element. When the primer layer is translucent, this arrangement makes it possible to obtain particularly interesting depth effects.
Une seconde façon de procéder consiste à mettre en oeuvre le procédé en augmentant la puissance lumineuse fournie par le laser, et à enlever simultanément lors d'un même passage du faisceau lumineux, la couche de peinture et la couche de primaire. Le motif élémentaire apparait donc en contraste de la surface brute de l'élément de décor. Lorsque le matériau formant la pièce d'aspect est transparent ou translucide, et lorsque la couche de primaire est choisie dans une teinte ne laissant pas passer la lumière, il est alors possible de disposer une source lumineuse sous la pièce d'aspect pour faire apparaitre l'élément de décor en contraste de la source de lumière placée en arrière. La couche de primaire opaque permet également de retenir la lumière susceptible de filtrer sous la couche de peinture située en périphérie de l'élément de décor et d'améliorer la netteté et la précision de l'effet lumineux. De plus, l'élément de décor formé des motifs élémentaires permet de masquer les points chauds de lumière provenant des irrégularités de diffusion de la lumière provenant de la source lumineuse disposée en arrière de la pièce.A second way of proceeding is to implement the method by increasing the light power provided by the laser, and to simultaneously remove during the same passage of the light beam, the paint layer and the primer layer. The elementary pattern appears in contrast to the raw surface of the decorative element. When the material forming the appearance part is transparent or translucent, and when the primer layer is chosen in a shade that does not allow the light to pass, it is then possible to have a light source under the appearance part to make it appear the decorative element in contrast with the light source placed behind. The opaque primer layer also retains light capable of filtering under the paint layer located at the periphery of the decorative element and to improve the sharpness and the precision of the luminous effect. In addition, the decorative element formed elementary patterns can hide the hot spots of light from light scattering irregularities from the light source disposed behind the room.
Comme cela a été évoqué à plusieurs reprises le procédé selon l'invention prévoit d'adapter la puissance du laser en fonction du type d'usage. En pratique, pour l'ensemble des modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus, on fait varier la puissance d'un laser de type CO2 dont la puissance crête maximale est de l'ordre de 500 W, entre 200W et 50W.As has been mentioned several times the method according to the invention provides to adapt the power of the laser depending on the type of use. In practice, for all of the embodiments described above, the power of a CO2 type laser whose peak peak power is of the order of 500 W, between 200W and 50W, is varied.
Le choix de la puissance adéquate dépend comme on l'a vu de la taille du diamètre focal du rayon lumineux et de l'épaisseur de la couche de peinture et/ou de primaire que l'on souhaite enlever.The choice of the appropriate power depends, as we have seen, on the size of the focal diameter of the light beam and the thickness of the paint and / or primer layer that is to be removed.
On observera enfin qu'il est possible dans toutes les configurations de mise en oeuvre de l'invention décrites ci-dessus, de déposer une couche de vernis transparent après l'exécution de l'étape B de manière à protéger mécaniquement de l'arrachement les motifs élémentaires et améliorer le rendu final de l'élément de décor.Finally, it will be observed that it is possible in all the implementation configurations of the invention described above, to deposit a layer of transparent varnish after the execution of step B so as to mechanically protect against tearing. the basic patterns and enhance the final rendering of the decor element.
- 11
- Elément de décor.Element of decoration.
- 22
- Motif élémentaire.Basic reason.
- 33
- Peinture de la pièce d'aspect.Painting of the aspect room.
- 44
- Surface de la pièce d'aspect après enlèvement de la peinture.Surface of the appearance part after removal of the paint.
- ℓℓ
- Largeur caractéristique.Characteristic width.
- LThe
- Longueur caractéristique.Characteristic length.
Claims (15)
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, postérieurement à l'étape B, on dépose une couche de vernis translucide sur la pièce d'aspect.A method according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the material forming the appearance part is transparent or translucent.
A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein subsequent to step B a layer of translucent lacquer is deposited on the appearance part.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1851710A FR3078272A1 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | TREATMENT OF A PAINTED SURFACE USING A LASER |
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EP3530476A1 true EP3530476A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
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EP19158987.8A Withdrawn EP3530476A1 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-25 | Treatment of a painted surface using a laser |
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CN (1) | CN110194019A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3078272A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3772380A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-10 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE | Method for manufacturing a transparent vehicle part |
EP3815838A1 (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-05 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE | Method for producing a transparent part for a vehicle |
EP4309805A1 (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-24 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE | Method for producing a coated vehicle part |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3105092B1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-04-01 | Cie Plastic Omnium Se | Process for manufacturing a transparent vehicle or body part |
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CN103358800A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-10-23 | 格林精密部件(惠州)有限公司 | High-efficiency energy-saving laser graphic processing process for electronic products |
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EP0590194A1 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing a decorative panel, especially for motor-vehicle dashboard controls |
DE4419197A1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for the production of a paint finish with a coloured decoration |
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EP3772380A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-10 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE | Method for manufacturing a transparent vehicle part |
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EP4309805A1 (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-24 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE | Method for producing a coated vehicle part |
FR3138056A1 (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-26 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium Se | Process for manufacturing a vehicle part provided with a coating |
Also Published As
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CN110194019A (en) | 2019-09-03 |
FR3078272A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 |
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