EP3504043A1 - Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processing - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processingInfo
- Publication number
- EP3504043A1 EP3504043A1 EP17764766.6A EP17764766A EP3504043A1 EP 3504043 A1 EP3504043 A1 EP 3504043A1 EP 17764766 A EP17764766 A EP 17764766A EP 3504043 A1 EP3504043 A1 EP 3504043A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flatness
- film
- determining
- evaluation
- determination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/28—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of blown tubular films, e.g. by inflation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92133—Width or height
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92152—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92447—Moulded article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92647—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92942—Moulded article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for film production and / or for film processing according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 21.
- the flatness of a film defines itself as a deviation from the length of the film across the width.
- the length can be, for example, the nominal length or the average length.
- the evenness of a film indicates how strongly there are local deviations of the film in the orthogonal direction to the film plane.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device and a method with which this manual effort can be reduced or, at best, completely saved. According to the invention this object is achieved by all features of claim 1.
- possible embodiments of the invention are given.
- a device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film and further processing and / or output of the determination results is provided.
- a device for determining the flatness and / or flatness is arranged within the device for producing a film and / or for film processing, so that the film can be characterized with respect to the flatness and / or the flatness by this device and the flatness and / or or the flatness need not be determined manually.
- Another advantage is that the flatness and / or the flatness is now already during the ongoing production and / or processing of the film can be determined, so that, if it comes to unwanted determination results, can be intervened in the production to again desired determination results received, and / or other measures can be taken.
- parts of the film where the results of determination are not desired may be disposed of, for example.
- Determination in the context of flatness and / or planarity means that these can be measured directly or can be calculated from measurement results, the measurement results then being able to be related to the flatness and / or the flatness but far to understand.
- the flatness and / or the flatness can be dependent on another film parameter, for example the formulation, the thickness of individual layers or the tensile stress at which the flatness and / or the flatness have been determined.
- the “determination” then provides not just a single measured value, but a whole curve or family of curves. It is preferred if, with the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness, this can be determined over the entire width of the film.
- the measured values which serve as a basis for the determination, are simultaneously absorbable over the width at a point in the longitudinal direction of the film.
- a cross-profile film with respect to the flatness and / or the flatness can be accommodated, which causes high accuracy.
- a measuring device which traverses in a direction transverse to the transport direction of the film.
- the device extends at least over the entire film width.
- the device has an extent that extends over the entire, maximum producible with the device and / or editable film width. When stretched over the entire width of the film, readings can be taken in a short path, i. no measurements need to be taken of points on the foil which are skewed, as viewed from the measuring element. do not lie in the orthogonal direction to the film plane. This reduces the effort for determining the flatness and / or the flatness and also increases the accuracy of the determination values.
- the determination of the flatness and / or the flatness of the film at intervals over a period of time is feasible. It is provided that the film is transportable in the transport direction and is transported.
- the time intervals can be constant, ie the determination, in particular the measurements on which the determination is based, is carried out periodically.
- the time interval corresponds to the dead time of the device, ie, the maximum possible number of measurements is performed.
- the time intervals can also be different.
- a larger number of measured values are recorded at the beginning of a film production and / or a film processing, ie the time interval is short in comparison to time interval, if the film production or processing has been done for a certain time.
- the measuring at intervals has in particular in connection with a simultaneous measurement over the entire film width the advantage that a topography of the film can be determined, so for example the indication of a height depending on the point or the surface section on the film surface on which the Determination has been carried out.
- a very high measuring point density is achieved, wherein the measuring elements are preferably arranged in a cell shape.
- a device for determining the tensile stress with which the tensile stress of the film in the effective range of the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film can be determined.
- the tension can also be adjusted or controlled or even regulated.
- the device-side condition is created, which is necessary for determining the flatness and / or flatness as a function of the tension of the film.
- the tensile stress can additionally or alternatively be controlled or regulated, the determination of the flatness and / or the flatness can take place at the same tensile stress, so that directly comparable determination results are obtained.
- the computational effort can be reduced in order to obtain comparable determination values.
- the invention is also usable when a Film is not produced and / or processed as a flat web, but also, for example, if a flattened film tube is available. This development is also advantageous if the determination of the flatness and / or the flatness is provided for a single-layer film from both sides, for example in order to obtain redundant determination values.
- the device for film production and / or film processing includes an evaluation and control device to which the determination results or the measured values can be transmitted and with which other components of the device can be controlled.
- Components of the device can directly affect the properties of the film, but it can also be components with which this is not possible, especially those that serve the information. It is advantageous that the determination values are exploited in order to perform a specific action.
- an output device is controlled, with which data and / or instructions for flatness and / or flatness of the film can be output.
- This can be a screen, in particular on the control panel of the device, or else a printer.
- An output device can also be a device that creates data packets and sends them over a network to a remote receiver device such as a smartphone.
- Data and / or instructions may be the determination values, but also warnings that indicate a deviation of the flatness and / or flatness of setpoints. It is advantageous that an operator can be offset in knowledge of the flatness and / or flatness of the film so that it can monitor this and optionally intervene in the machine control to monitor the flatness and / or flatness of the film.
- the embodiment in which data packets are provided for transmission to a mobile terminal is advantageous because an operator can monitor several devices of the type according to the invention simultaneously.
- a recording device in particular a memory device can be controlled, with which determination results with respect to the flatness and / or flatness of the film recordable, in particular storable.
- the determination results for further evaluation or evaluation can also be called up at a later point in time, for example for comparison with more recent determination values or for determining quality indicators.
- further data can be stored and attributed to the determination results, such as the formulation and parameters of the film and parameters of the device during the production of this film.
- the parameters of a film roll produced from this film can also be stored and attributed to the determination results, such as the winding density, winding pox data or information on edging, wrinkles, conicity of the roll, tin canning, transverse folds or telescoping of the top layers ,
- the determination results are comparable with at least one setpoint value with the evaluation and control device.
- the evaluation and control device has different components and / or manufacturing or. Machining parameters of the device controllable.
- the production or processing speed can be adapted, a tempering of the film can additionally be effected and / or be adapted.
- a tempering can contactless via Blas Kunststoffzu exit or radiation exposure, such as infrared radiation. Furthermore, a change in the tensile stress is conceivable.
- the film in the transport direction and / or transversely to the transport direction easily - possibly plastically - be stretched, wherein the elongation is also changeable by the evaluation and control device.
- An elongation which merely changes the flatness and / or the flatness of the film without appreciably influencing further film properties lies in the range of less than 5%.
- Another manufacturing or processing parameter may be the winding hardness when the film is wound up.
- At least one quality index can be determined from the determination values.
- a quality indicator can indicate how large the average deviation of the flatness from the ideal flatness is.
- the determination values and / or the at least one quality index for at least one film roll can be determined individually and / or assigned to it unambiguously.
- a quality index and / or determination values can also be determined for individual film sections and can be assigned to them.
- a manufactured or processed film is often cut in the longitudinal direction and thus forms individual, so-called benefits. If the film is wound up in a winding device, then individual wraps are produced one after the other; in the case of a longitudinally cut film, successive individual wraps are produced for each use. Each of these wound on a winding film sections is a quality indicator can be assigned.
- the associated quality index can be retrieved from a data store.
- a roll can carry a QR code or a DataMatrix code.
- the quality code can be stored directly on the winding in a suitable manner, for example by knitting code or on an RFID tag.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film comprises a distance measuring device with which the distance to a reference line can be determined via the width of the film.
- a reference line can be, for example, the arrangement of a plurality of individual measuring elements on a common carrier, so that all measuring elements represent the reference line with respect to the position. So this is so in the transverse direction of the film Flatness profile can be created. In combination with repeated measurements at different points in the longitudinal direction of the film can thus create a topography to the flatness.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film comprises an optical distance measuring system, in particular a laser distance measurement.
- a suitable method is laser interferometry, in which the distance can be closed by means of a phase shift of a light beam reflected by the film with respect to the emitted light.
- Another suitable method is the laser triangulation, wherein instead of a laser and a light emitting diode is used. Seen in the transverse direction of the film web, a plurality of lasers or light-emitting diodes can be arranged which emit electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength does not necessarily have to be in the visible range. The radiation reflected by the film is detected by the respective sensors associated with a laser according to one of the aforementioned methods.
- Such radiation / detector units can each be arranged at a distance of a few centimeters or even millimeters, for example at a distance of 1 mm to 20 cm, to one another on a common carrier.
- a very high resolution image of the flatness can be created.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness comprises a contacting distance measuring system.
- a measuring system can be advantageous for the measurement of transparent films in which only little or no light is reflected, because here optical methods are not applicable.
- a contacting measuring system may comprise a roller which comprises a very soft outer coating on which the film rolls and which is pressed in more strongly by the projecting regions of the film than by the regions which do not protrude or only slightly protrude. Inside a such roller can then be provided, for example, distance, distance or pressure sensors, which can now quantify the local deflections of the soft outer coating by the height differences of the film.
- reflective particles may be applied directly to the outer surface of the roller and the outer coating may be transparent to electromagnetic radiation of a suitable wavelength.
- This can in turn directly measure via Laserinterferomtrie resulting from different deflections path differences as changing distances of the reflective particles and thus infer the planarity of the film.
- Pressure sensors are able to measure the resulting from the flatness of the film impressions in the roll.
- the web courses can be measured over the width of the film at different locations.
- a segmented measuring roll is conceivable, which is seen in the axial direction equipped with independently working tension sensors.
- the absolute or relative tensile forces measured by the individual tension sensors are then a measure of the flatness.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness is arranged between two advantages with which the web tension can be adjusted in each case.
- the web tension is adjustable and in particular controllable, so that a web tension is adjustable, at which a desired influence on the flatness of the film is taken.
- the web tension is at zero in order not to influence the flatness of the film for the purpose of the measurement as far as possible.
- the device according to the invention can be configured as a blown film system.
- the production of blown film is a very efficient film production process, and therefore the provision of a device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness in such a device promises particularly good economic advantages.
- the device according to the invention can be configured as a flat film system in which a melt flag is placed directly on a cooling roller on which the film solidifies quickly. With a flat film system it is particularly easy to produce transparent films.
- Devices according to the invention may also be those which process or process an already produced film.
- this can be a stretching machine, in particular an MDO machine, in which the film is stretched in the transport direction, a tempering device or a rewinding device.
- a rewinder film is unwound from a roll, cut in the longitudinal direction and then wound up again.
- the device is a winding device or at least comprises a winding device.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film along the transport path is arranged in front of the winding device. The above object is also achieved by a method having all the features of claim 21.
- the flatness and / or the flatness of the film is determined and that the determination results are further processed and / or output.
- the flatness and / or the flatness over the entire width of the film is determined with the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film.
- the device for determining the flatness and / or the flatness of the film it may be sufficient to only measure individual points across the width in order to save time and / or costs.
- the determination of the flatness and / or the flatness of the film is repeatedly carried out at intervals. Of course, a continuous measurement is conceivable. Overall, the entire film surface can be determined with respect to the flatness with these two embodiments.
- the determination results are preferably transmitted to an evaluation and control device, and other components of the device are controlled by the evaluation and control device. This means that not only the flatness and / or the flatness are determined, but that the results are used in a suitable manner during the film production or processing, in particular in order to be able to influence the production.
- the determination results are compared with at least one desired value with the evaluation and control device, and that other components of the device are actuated in the event of a deviation from this desired value with the evaluation and control device.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016215845 | 2016-08-23 | ||
DE102016220429 | 2016-10-18 | ||
PCT/EP2017/071047 WO2018036971A1 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2017-08-21 | Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3504043A1 true EP3504043A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
Family
ID=59846553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17764766.6A Pending EP3504043A1 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2017-08-21 | Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processing |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11524438B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3504043A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018036971A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018036971A1 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processing |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2809519A (en) | 1954-09-22 | 1957-10-15 | Olin Mathieson | Web flatness indicator |
BE642865A (en) | 1963-01-23 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3703097A (en) | 1970-12-24 | 1972-11-21 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method and system for measuring sheet flatness |
US5778724A (en) | 1995-09-07 | 1998-07-14 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method and device for monitoring web bagginess |
US5678447A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1997-10-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | On-line web planarity measurement apparatus and method |
US7092855B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2006-08-15 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermo-stable coating die design method and apparatus |
KR101285441B1 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2013-07-12 | 코니카 미놀타 어드밴스드 레이어즈 인코포레이티드 | Production method of optical film, production device of optical film, and optical film |
US7423754B2 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2008-09-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Web planarity gauge and method |
US8791703B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2014-07-29 | Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. | Electrostatic probes for mapping conductive web bagginess |
DE102012015462A1 (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-13 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Blown film plant, process for producing a blown film web and film produced therewith |
EP2837484B1 (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2020-10-21 | Electronic Systems S.p.A. | Apparatus for automatically analyzing extruded films |
JP5634630B1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-12-03 | 株式会社湘南貿易 | Uneven thickness adjustment type air ring |
DE102015006891A1 (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-09-01 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Plant for producing a film web and method for operating such a plant |
EP3168570A1 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | Primetals Technologies France SAS | Method and device for measuring the planarity of a metal product |
WO2018036971A1 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Apparatus and method for film production and/or film processing |
EP3529033A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-08-28 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Measuring device and method for measuring two or three-dimensional film topography and method for recognising in-line patterns in two or three-dimensional film topography |
-
2017
- 2017-08-21 WO PCT/EP2017/071047 patent/WO2018036971A1/en unknown
- 2017-08-21 US US16/327,258 patent/US11524438B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-21 EP EP17764766.6A patent/EP3504043A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11524438B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
WO2018036971A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
US20190193319A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
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