EP3489287A1 - Vorexpandierte polypropylenharzpartikel und verfahren zur herstellung der vorexpandierten partikel - Google Patents

Vorexpandierte polypropylenharzpartikel und verfahren zur herstellung der vorexpandierten partikel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3489287A1
EP3489287A1 EP17830918.3A EP17830918A EP3489287A1 EP 3489287 A1 EP3489287 A1 EP 3489287A1 EP 17830918 A EP17830918 A EP 17830918A EP 3489287 A1 EP3489287 A1 EP 3489287A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
based resin
polypropylene
expanded
resin particles
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17830918.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3489287B1 (de
EP3489287A4 (de
Inventor
Ryoji Nakayama
Ryuta Kutsumizu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kaneka Corp
Original Assignee
Kaneka Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to EP22209545.7A priority Critical patent/EP4177298A1/de
Publication of EP3489287A1 publication Critical patent/EP3489287A1/de
Publication of EP3489287A4 publication Critical patent/EP3489287A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3489287B1 publication Critical patent/EP3489287B1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
    • C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/002—Methods
    • B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3461—Making or treating expandable particles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0012—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. foaming
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/20—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
    • C08F10/06—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
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    • B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
    • B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
    • C08F2500/11—Melt tension or melt strength
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
    • C08F2500/12—Melt flow index or melt flow ratio
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
    • C08F2500/17—Viscosity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/034—Post-expanding of foam beads or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/038—Use of an inorganic compound to impregnate, bind or coat a foam, e.g. waterglass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2353/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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    • C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to (i) pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and (ii) a method for producing such pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles.
  • An in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles has characteristics of, for example, being formed in any shape, being shock-absorbing, being light in weight, and being heat insulating, which characteristics are advantages of an in-mold expanded molded product/article.
  • the in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of any other resin for example, an in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of pre-expanded polystyrene-based resin particles
  • the in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are excellent in chemical resistance, heat resistance, and strain recovery rate after compression.
  • the in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of pre-expanded polyethylene-based resin particles is excellent in dimension accuracy, heat resistance, and compressive strength.
  • the in-mold expanded molded product/article which is obtained with use of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles is used for various things, for example, not only for automobile interior materials and automobile bumper core materials but also for heat insulating materials and shock-absorbing packing materials.
  • the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles used to obtain such a polypropylene-based resin in-mold expanded product are typically obtained by a so-called "pressure-release expansion method (from a high pressure condition to a low pressure condition to expand particles)" in which (i) polypropylene-based resin particles and a volatile foaming agent are dispersed in water contained in a pressure vessel, (ii) a resultant mixture is heated to a temperature close to a melting point of a polypropylene-based resin so that the polypropylene-based resin particles are impregnated with the volatile foaming agent, and (iii) while the temperature and pressure in the pressure-resistant vessel are being kept constant under increased pressure which is equal to or higher than steam pressure exhibited by the volatile foaming agent, the mixture in which the polypropylene-based resin particles impregnated with the volatile foaming agent are dispersed in the water is released to an atmosphere having pressure lower than the pressure in the pressure-resistant vessel.
  • the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles obtained by the pressure-release expansion method have two melting peaks in a case where the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), because crystals which melt at a temperature higher than the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin are newly formed during a production process for obtaining the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles obtained by the pressure-release expansion method are in such a crystalline state that the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles have the two melting peaks, it is easy to control an amount of crystals to be melted during in-mold molding, and it is therefore possible to obtain in-mold expanded molded products/articles having various shapes.
  • the production process for obtaining the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles involves, first, (i) a pelletizing step of causing, in an extruder, the polypropylene-based resin particles to have a size suitable for expansion and then (ii) an expanding step of expanding the polypropylene-based resin particles in the pressure-resistant vessel.
  • a pelletizing step of causing, in an extruder, the polypropylene-based resin particles to have a size suitable for expansion and then (ii) an expanding step of expanding the polypropylene-based resin particles in the pressure-resistant vessel.
  • two steps are needed to obtain the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles, and accordingly there is a problem that significant investment in equipment is required.
  • a dispersion medium such as water is used. Therefore, a liquid waste treatment system is required, and accordingly there is an environmental problem.
  • pre-expanded particles are strongly demanded which can be produced by an extrusion foaming method that involves a single step and that does not require a liquid waste system.
  • Patent Literatures 3 and 4 each disclose a polypropylene-based resin which is excellent in extrusion foaming property.
  • Patent Literatures 3 and 4 each do not disclose a method for producing a particulate expanded product (pre-expanded particles). Therefore, there is a case where, even with use of such a resin, pre-expanded particles which are excellent in moldability during in-mold molding are not obtained.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles which are low in open cell ratio and excellent in moldability during in-mold molding and which are obtained without a complicated production process.
  • the inventors of the present invention carried out diligent studies in view of the above problems, and consequently found that pre-expanded particles which satisfy both of an extrusion foaming property and moldability are obtained with use of a polypropylene-based resin which meets a specific requirement. As a result, the inventors of the present invention accomplished the present invention.
  • an aspect of the present invention is as follows: Pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles including a polypropylene-based resin that satisfies Expression (1): tan ⁇ ⁇ 0.32 ⁇ V + 0.1 where: tan ⁇ represents a loss tangent at an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s in dynamic viscoelastic behavior measurement at 200°C; and V represents a melt fracture take-up speed (m/min) at 200°C.
  • pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles which are low in open cell ratio, particularly, in internal open cell ratio, which greatly affects moldability during in-mold molding, and are excellent in moldability during in-mold molding and which are obtained without a complicated production process.
  • Pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention include a polypropylene-based resin that satisfies Expression (1): tan ⁇ ⁇ 0.32 ⁇ V + 0.1 where: tan ⁇ represents a loss tangent at an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s in dynamic viscoelastic behavior measurement at 200°C; and V represents a melt fracture take-up speed (m/min) at 200°C.
  • the polypropylene-based resin used in an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, provided that the polypropylene-based resin satisfies Expression (1).
  • the polypropylene-based resin can be a general-purpose linear polypropylene-based resin or can be alternatively a modified polypropylene-based resin having a branched structure or a high-molecular-weight component. Out of such polypropylene-based resins, the modified polypropylene-based resin is preferable because the modified polypropylene-based resin easily satisfies Expression (1).
  • the modified polypropylene-based resin is produced by, for example, irradiating the linear polypropylene-based resin (hereinafter, also referred to as a "raw material polypropylene-based resin") with a radial ray or melting and mixing the linear polypropylene-based resin, a conjugated diene compound, and a radical polymerization initiator.
  • a linear polypropylene-based resin hereinafter, also referred to as a "raw material polypropylene-based resin”
  • a radial ray or melting melting and mixing the linear polypropylene-based resin, a conjugated diene compound, and a radical polymerization initiator.
  • the modified polypropylene-based resin having a branched structure is particularly preferable as the polypropylene-based resin, and the modified polypropylene-based resin which is obtained by melting and mixing the linear polypropylene-based resin, the conjugated diene compound, and the radical polymerization initiator is preferable because such a modified polypropylene-based resin is easily produced and is economically advantageous.
  • linear polypropylene-based resin which can be used in an embodiment of the present invention encompass homopolymers, block copolymers, and random copolymers of propylene each of which polymers is a crystalline polymer.
  • Such copolymers of propylene are each preferably a polymer containing propylene at a proportion of not less than 75% by weight, because such a polymer retains crystallinity, rigidity, chemical resistance, and the like, which are characteristics of a polypropylene-based resin.
  • ⁇ -olefin which can be copolymerized with propylene encompass: ⁇ -olefin having 2 or 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-butene, 1-heptene, 3-methyl-1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene; cyclic olefin such as cyclopentene, norbornene, and tetracyclo[6,2,11,8,13,6]-4-dodecene; diene such as 5-methylene-2-norbornene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 1,4-hexadiene, methyl-1,4-hexadiene, and 7-methyl-1,6-octadiene; and vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride,
  • ethylene and 1-butene are preferable due to their improved resistance to brittleness at low temperature, inexpensiveness, and the like.
  • ⁇ -olefins can be used solely. Alternatively, two or more of those ⁇ -olefins can be used in combination.
  • the random copolymers are preferable, and a propylene/ethylene/1-butene random copolymer or a propylene/ethylene random copolymer is more preferable.
  • the modified polypropylene-based resin which can be used in an embodiment of the present invention is preferably a modified polypropylene-based resin obtained by melting and mixing the linear polypropylene-based resin, the conjugated diene compound, and the radical polymerization initiator.
  • conjugated diene compound encompass butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene.
  • conjugated diene compounds can be used solely. Alternatively, two or more of those conjugated diene compounds can be used in combination.
  • butadiene and isoprene are particularly preferable because butadiene and isoprene are inexpensive, easy to handle, and uniformly reacted.
  • the conjugated diene compound is added in an amount of preferably not less than 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 20 parts by weight, more preferably not less than 0.05 parts by weight and not more than 5 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the linear polypropylene-based resin.
  • an effect of modification is difficult to achieve.
  • the amount of the conjugated diene compound is more than 20 parts by weight, the effect becomes saturated. This may be economically disadvantageous.
  • a monomer which can be copolymerized with the conjugated diene compound can be used in combination.
  • the monomer encompass: acrylic ester such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic metal salt, methacrylic metal salt, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and stearyl acrylate; and methacrylic ester such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate.
  • radical polymerization initiator typically encompass peroxide and azo compounds.
  • the radical polymerization initiator is an initiator having ability to abstract hydrogen from the polypropylene-based resin and/or the conjugated diene compound.
  • examples of such an initiator typically encompass organic peroxide such as ketone peroxide, peroxy ketal, hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxide, diacyl peroxide, peroxy dicarbonate, and peroxy ester. Out of those initiators, an initiator having high hydrogen abstraction ability is particularly preferable.
  • Examples of such an initiator encompass: peroxy ketal such as 1,1-bis(t-butyl peroxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(t-butyl peroxy)cyclohexane, n-butyl 4,4-bis(t-butyl peroxy)valerate, and 2,2-bis(t-butyl peroxy)butane; dialkyl peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butyl peroxy)hexane, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(t-butyl peroxy-m-isopropyl)benzene, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butyl peroxy)-3-hexyne; diacyl peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide; peroxy ester such as t-butyl per
  • the radical polymerization initiator is added in an amount of preferably not less than 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 10 parts by weight, more preferably not less than 0.05 parts by weight and not more than 4 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the linear polypropylene-based resin.
  • the amount of the radical polymerization initiator falls within the above range, it is possible to achieve effective modification of the resin.
  • the amount of the radical polymerization initiator is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the effect of the modification is difficult to achieve.
  • the amount of the radical polymerization initiator is more than 10 parts by weight, the effect of the modification becomes saturated. This may be economically disadvantageous.
  • Examples of a device for reacting the linear polypropylene-based resin, the conjugated diene compound, and the radical polymerization initiator encompass: a roller mill, a Ko-kneader, a Banbury mixer, a Brabender; kneaders such as a single screw extruder and a twin screw extruder; horizontal stirrers such as a twin screw surface renewal device and a twin screw multi-disk device; and vertical stirrers such as a double helical ribbon stirrer.
  • a kneader is preferably used, and an extruder such as the single screw extruder and the twin screw extruder is particularly preferable in view of productivity.
  • Order or a method of mixing and kneading (stirring) the linear polypropylene-based resin, the conjugated diene compound, and the radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited. After the linear polypropylene-based resin, the conjugated diene compound, and the radical polymerization initiator are mixed together, they can be melted and kneaded (stirred). Alternatively, after the polypropylene-based resin is melted and kneaded (stirred), the conjugated diene compound and/or the radical initiator can be simultaneously or individually mixed with the polypropylene-based resin, either all at once or in portions.
  • a temperature of the kneader is preferably not lower than 130°C and not higher than 300°C because the linear polypropylene-based resin melts but does not thermally decompose in such a range. Note that a preferable melting and kneading time is typically 1 minute to 60 minutes.
  • a shape and a size of the modified polypropylene-based resin thus obtained are not limited.
  • the modified polypropylene-based resin can be in pellet form.
  • the loss tangent tan ⁇ of the polypropylene-based resin used in an embodiment of the present invention is preferably not less than 0.50 and not more than 1.80, and the melt fracture take-up speed V at 200°C is preferably not less than 2.5 m/min and not more than 7.0 m/min.
  • tan ⁇ and the melt fracture take-up speed V at 200°C are preferably not less than 0.70 and not more than 1.50, and the melt fracture take-up speed V at 200°C is preferably not less than 3.5 m/min and not more than 6.0 m/min. Note that tan ⁇ of the polypropylene-based resin and the melt fracture take-up speed V at 200°C are measured by, for example, respective methods described in Examples.
  • a melt flow rate of the polypropylene-based resin used in an embodiment of the present invention is preferably 1.0 g/10 minutes to 10.0 g/10 minutes.
  • the melt flow rate of the polypropylene-based resin falls within the above range, it is possible to expand the polypropylene-based resin at a high expansion ratio without adding a foaming agent in a large amount.
  • the internal open cell ratio does not easily decrease.
  • the melt flow rate is less than 1.0 g/10 minutes, it is difficult to expand the polypropylene-based resin at a high expansion ratio, and it is necessary to add the foaming agent in a large amount.
  • the internal open cell ratio tends to easily deteriorate, and it tends to become difficult to achieve both a high expansion ratio and a low open cell ratio.
  • the melt flow rate is more than 10 g/10 minutes, the pressure in the die tends to decrease during the extrusion foaming, and the internal open cell ratio tends to easily decrease. Note that the melt flow rate of the polypropylene-based resin is measured by, for example, a method described in Examples.
  • a melt tension of the polypropylene-based resin used in an embodiment of the present invention is usually not less than 1 cN, more preferably not less than 2 cN, particularly preferably not less than 5 cN.
  • the melt tension of the polypropylene-based resin is not less than 1 cN, pre-expanded particles having a low open cell ratio tend to be easily obtained.
  • the polypropylene-based resin tends to easily satisfy Expression (1).
  • An upper limit of the melt tension of the polypropylene-based resin is not particularly limited, provided that the polypropylene-based resin satisfies Expression (1). However, the upper limit of the melt tension is preferably not more than 12 cN.
  • melt tension of the polypropylene-based resin is not more than 12 cN, it is possible to expand the polypropylene-based resin at a high expansion ratio without adding the foaming agent in a large amount. Moreover, the polypropylene-based resin easily satisfies Expression (1), and the internal open cell ratio does not easily increase. Note that the melt tension of the polypropylene-based resin is measured by, for example, a method described in Examples.
  • a melting point of the polypropylene-based resin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is preferably not lower than 130°C and not higher than 155°C, more preferably not lower than 135°C and not higher than 153°C, still more preferably not lower than 140°C and not higher than 150°C.
  • the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin falls within the above range, dimensional stability and heat resistance of an in-mold expanded molded product/article are improved.
  • pressure of heating steam for expanding and molding the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in a mold becomes appropriate.
  • the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin is less than 130°C, the dimensional stability of the in-mold expanded molded product/article tends to be decreased or the heat resistance of the in-mold expanded molded product/article tends to be insufficient.
  • the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin is more than 155°C, the pressure of the heating steam for expanding and molding the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in the mold tends to become high.
  • the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin is measured as follows with use of a differential scanning calorimeter DSC [for example, manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., model: DSC6200]. That is, 5 mg to 6 mg of the polypropylene-based resin is heated from 40°C to 220°C at a rate of 10°C/min so that the polypropylene-based resin is melted. The polypropylene-based resin is then cooled from 220°C to 40°C at a rate of 10°C/min so that the polypropylene-based resin is crystallized. Subsequently, the polypropylene-based resin is heated again from 40°C to 220°C at a rate of 10°C/min. A melting peak temperature shown in a DSC curve obtained after the second heating is regarded as the melting point.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the internal open cell ratio of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is preferably not more than 40%.
  • the internal open cell ratio indicates a numerical value measured from half-cut pre-expanded particles by a method identical to a method for measuring a conventional open cell ratio.
  • the conventional open cell ratio, measured without cutting pre-expanded particles may exhibit an apparently good value due to skin layers which cover peripheries of the pre-expanded particles, even in a case where internal cells in the pre-expanded particles are communicated with each other.
  • pre-expanded particles are heated by steam during in-mold molding, the skin layers may be destroyed, so that desired expandability may not be exerted and molding may become difficult.
  • the internal open cell ratio is more preferably not more than 30%.
  • the open cell ratio of the pre-expanded particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is preferably not more than 6%. By controlling the open cell ratio to be not more than 6%, the pre-expanded particles tend to have a low internal open cell ratio and excellent moldability.
  • a so-called extrusion foaming method in which (i) the polypropylene-based resin and the foaming agent are fed to an extruder, (ii) the polypropylene-based resin and the foaming agent are melted and kneaded and then cooled to obtain an expandable molten resin (molten resin containing the foaming agent), (iii) the expandable molten resin (molten resin containing the foaming agent) is extruded to a lower-pressure region through a microporous die attached to an end of the extruder, and then (iv) the expandable molten resin thus extruded is finely cut to obtain the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles.
  • a finely cutting method for obtaining the pre-expanded particles is roughly divided into a cold cut method and a hot cut method.
  • the cold cut method encompass a method in which (i) the molten resin, containing the foaming agent, extruded through the microporous die is expanded and (ii) strands of expanded resin thus obtained are taken up and then finely cut while the strands of expanded resin are being cooled in a water tank (strand cut method).
  • the hot cut method is a method in which the molten resin extruded through the microporous die is cut with use of a cutter which rotates in a state where the cutter is in contact with a surface of the die.
  • the hot cut method is further divided into the following two methods depending on a cooling method. That is, one is a method in which (i) a chamber attached to an end of the die is filled with a cooling medium, which is adjusted to have given pressure, so that the cooling medium is in contact with the die and (ii) the molten resin extruded through the microporous die is cut in water (underwater cut method).
  • the other one is a method in which (i) a cooling drum, having an inner peripheral surface along which the cooling medium flows, is connected to a front part of the die and (ii) while expanded particles, having been cut with use of the cutter, are being expanded or after the expanded particles are expanded, the expanded particles are cooled by causing the expanded particles to be in contact with the cooling medium (watering cut method).
  • the hot cut method is preferable because pre-expanded particles having a low internal open cell ratio are easily obtained, and the watering cut method is more preferable because a high expansion ratio is easily achieved.
  • Example of the foaming agent used in an embodiment of the present invention encompass: aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, and hexane; alicyclic hydrogen such as cyclopentane and cyclobutane; inorganic gases such as air, nitrogen, and a carbonic acid gas; and water.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, and hexane
  • alicyclic hydrogen such as cyclopentane and cyclobutane
  • inorganic gases such as air, nitrogen, and a carbonic acid gas
  • water water
  • the inorganic gas particularly, the carbonic acid gas is preferable because pre-expanded particles having a high expansion ratio are easily obtained.
  • An amount of the foaming agent varies depending on a kind of the foaming agent and a target expansion ratio of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles. Therefore, the amount of the foaming agent can be adjusted as appropriate.
  • the foaming agent is added in an amount of preferably not less than 1 part by weight and not more than 20 parts by weight, more preferably not less than 2 parts by weight and not more than 15 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polypropylene-based resin.
  • a cell nucleating agent can be further added so as to control shapes of cells in the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles.
  • the cell nucleating agent encompass a sodium bicarbonate-citric acid mixture, monosodium citrate, talc, and calcium carbonate. Each of those cell nucleating agents can be used solely. Alternatively, two or more of those cell nucleating agents can be used in combination.
  • An amount of the cell nucleating agent is not particularly limited. Usually, the cell nucleating agent is added in an amount of preferably not less than 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polypropylene-based resin.
  • a synthetic resin, other than the polypropylene-based resin can be added to the polypropylene-based resin, and a resin thus obtained can be used as a base resin, provided that the synthetic resin does not impair the effect of the present invention.
  • the synthetic resin other than the polypropylene-based resin encompass: ethylene-based resins such as high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, linear very-low-density polyethylene, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, and an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer; and styrene-based resins such as polystyrene, a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and a styrene-ethylene copolymer.
  • an additive(s) such as a stabilizer (e.g., an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a phosphorous processing stabilizer, a ultraviolet absorber, a ultraviolet stabilizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, metallic soap, and an antacid adsorbent), a crosslinking agent, a chain transfer agent, a nucleating agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a filler, a reinforcer, a pigment, a dye, a flame retarder, and/or an antistatic agent, can be added as necessary.
  • a stabilizer e.g., an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a phosphorous processing stabilizer, a ultraviolet absorber, a ultraviolet stabilizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, metallic soap, and an antacid adsorbent
  • a crosslinking agent e.g., a chain transfer agent, a nucleating agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a filler, a reinforcer
  • a coloring agent there is no limitation on addition of a coloring agent.
  • No coloring agent can be added so as to produce natural color.
  • a blue coloring agent, a red coloring agent, a black coloring agent, and/or the like can be added so as to produce desired color.
  • the coloring agent encompass a perylene-based organic pigment, an azo-based organic pigment, a quinacridone-based organic pigment, a phthalocyanine-based organic pigment, an indanthrene-based organic pigment, a dioxazine-based organic pigment, an isoindoline-based organic pigment, and carbon black.
  • the expansion ratio of the expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably not less than 3 times and not more than 50 times, more preferably not less than 7 times and not more than 30 times.
  • a method of increasing the expansion ratio by pressuring insides of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles with use of an inert gas and heating the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles can be further employed.
  • a weight of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is preferably not more than 3 mg/particle, more preferably not more than 2 mg/particle, because, in a case where the mold is filled with such pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are expanded, the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are easily formed into a molded product having beautiful appearance.
  • a lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably not less than 0.3 mg/particle in view of productivity and the like.
  • a cell diameter of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm, because such pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are expanded throughout the mold during in-mold expansion molding and a polypropylene-based resin in-mold expanded molded product/article to be obtained will little shrink.
  • the polypropylene-based resin in-mold expanded molded product/article in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is obtained by (i) filling the mold, which can be closed up but is not sealed up, with the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and (ii) heating the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles by steam so that the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles are molded.
  • any of the following methods can be, for example, employed: A) a method in which (i) expanded particles are pressured with use of an inorganic gas so that the expanded particles are impregnated with the inorganic gas and have given internal pressure, (ii) a mold is filled with the expanded particles, and (iii) the expanded particles are heated by steam or the like so as to be fused together (for example, Japanese Patent Publication, Tokukoushou, No.
  • An MFR was measured with use of a melt indexer S-01 (manufactured by TOYO SEIKI SEISAKU-SHO, LTD) in accordance with the method A specified in JIS K 7210 (1999). Further, an amount of a resin having been extruded in a certain time through a die under a constant load at 230°C was converted into an amount of the resin extruded in 10 minutes, and such a converted amount was regarded as an MFR.
  • the constant load was set to 5.00 kg in a case where an olefin-based elastomer was employed, and was set to 2.16 kg in a case where a modified polypropylene-based resin was employed.
  • the certain time was 120 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 0.5 g/10 minutes and not more than 1.0 g/10 minutes, was 60 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 1.0 g/10 minutes and not more than 3.5 g/10 minutes, was 30 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 3.5 g/10 minutes and not more than 10 g/10 minutes, was 10 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 10 g/10 minutes and not more than 25 g/10 minutes, was 5 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 25 g/10 minutes and not more than 100 g/10 minutes, and was 3 seconds in a case where the melt flow rate was more than 100 g/10 minutes.
  • a Capirograph (manufactured by TOYO SEIKI SEISAKU-SHO, LTD) which was equipped with an attachment for measurement of a melt tension and which had a ⁇ 10 mm cylinder having, at its end, a ⁇ 1 mm orifice having a length of 10 mm.
  • a melt fracture take-up speed V refers to the take-up speed when the strand was broken in a case where the take-up speed was increased in measurement of the melt tension. Note that, in a case where the strand was not broken, the melt fracture take-up speed V refers to the take-up speed at a time point when the load applied to the load cell-equipped pulley was not increased any more even in a case where the take-up speed was increased.
  • the melt fracture take-up speed V was used as an index of ductility of a molten resin during expansion.
  • a polypropylene-based resin was heat-pressed for 5 minutes at 190°C with use of a spacer having a thickness of 1.5 mm so as to prepare a pressed plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm, and a test piece was punched out from the pressed plate with use of a ⁇ 25 mm punch.
  • a viscoelastic measuring device ARES manufactured by TA Instruments was used as a measurement device.
  • a ⁇ 25 mm parallel plate type jig was attached to the viscoelastic measuring device.
  • a constant temperature bath was arranged so as to surround the jig, and the constant temperature bath was kept heated at 200°C so that the jig was preheated.
  • the constant temperature bath was opened, and the ⁇ 25 mm test piece was inserted between parallel plates.
  • the constant temperature bath was then closed, and the test piece was preheated for 5 minutes. Thereafter, a gap between the parallel plates was narrowed to 1 mm so that the test piece was compressed.
  • the constant temperature bath was opened again, and a resin which protruded from the parallel plates was removed with use of a brass spatula.
  • the constant temperature bath was closed, and the constant temperature bath was kept heated for 5 minutes. After that, measurement of dynamic viscoelastic behavior was started. The measurement was carried out at an angular frequency in a range of 0.1 rad/s to 100 rad/s.
  • a storage modulus of elasticity and a loss modulus of elasticity at each angular frequency were obtained, and a loss tangent tan ⁇ at the each angular frequency was obtained as a calculated value.
  • a value of a loss tangent tan ⁇ at an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s was employed. Note that the measurement was carried out with a strain amount of 5% under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • a melting point of a polypropylene-based resin was measured with use of a differential scanning calorimeter DSC [manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., model: DSC6200]. Further, 5 mg to 6 mg of obtained polypropylene-based resin particles were heated from 40°C to 220°C at a rate of 10°C/min so that the polypropylene-based resin particles were melted. The polypropylene-based resin particles were then cooled from 220°C to 40°C at a rate of 10°C/min so that the polypropylene-based resin particles were crystallized. Subsequently, the polypropylene-based resin particles were heated again from 40°C to 220°C at a rate of 10°C/min. A melting peak temperature shown in a DSC curve obtained after the second heating was regarded as a melting point.
  • a DSC curve was obtained with use of a differential scanning calorimeter DSC [manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., model: DSC6200]. Specifically, 5 mg to 6 mg of obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were heated from 40°C to 220°C at a rate of 10°C/min so that the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were melted, and the DSC curve was obtained. Note that, in a case where an obtained DSC curve shows "a single melting peak,” it is indicated that there is one melting peak having one vertex. Note also that, in a case where an obtained DSC curve shows "two melting peaks,” it is indicated that there are two melting peaks, having respective two vertexes, on a higher-temperature side and a lower-temperature side, respectively.
  • Vc (cm 3 ) represents a volume of pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles which volume was obtained in accordance with a method defined in PROSEDURE C of ASTM D2856-87.
  • Open cell ratio % Va ⁇ Vc ⁇ 100 / Va
  • Va (cm 3 ) represents an apparent volume of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles which apparent volume was determined as follows: after Vc of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles was measured with use of the air comparison pycnometer, the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were entirely submerged in ethanol in a graduated cylinder, and an apparent volume of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles was determined from a difference in liquid level in the graduated cylinder (submersion method).
  • Obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were each cut in half with use of a razor blade.
  • Half-cut hemispherical pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles thus obtained were measured by a measurement method similar to that for the "open cell ratio," and an obtained open cell ratio was regarded as an internal open cell ratio.
  • pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were taken and dried at 60°C for 6 hours. Subsequently, the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were subjected to conditioning in a room held at a constant temperature of 23°C and constant humidity of 50%, and then a weight w (g) of the pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles was measured.
  • a pre-expanded particle was carefully cut substantially in the middle so that cell membranes were not destroyed. Then, a section of the pre-expanded particle was observed with use of a microscope [manufactured by Keyence Corporation, VHX-100] at a magnification of 100 times, and an image was obtained. On the image thus obtained, a line segment having a length equivalent to 1000 ⁇ m was drawn on a portion, other than a surface layer, of the pre-expanded particle.
  • Molding method 1 A molding machine "KD345" manufactured by DAISEN Co., Ltd., was used. A block-shaped mold (having a length of 400 mm, a width of 300 mm, and a variable thickness) was caused to have a thickness of 44 mm, and was filled with pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles. The mold was then compressed so as to have a thickness of 40 mm. Subsequently, air in the mold was expelled by steam having pressure of 0.1MPa (gage pressure), and then the pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles were heat-molded for 10 seconds with use of heating steam having given pressure. A polypropylene-based resin expanded molded product was thus obtained. In so doing, the polypropylene-based resin expanded molded product was prepared by increasing the pressure of the heating steam (heating steam pressure) from 0.15 MPa (gage pressure) in increments of 0.01 MPa.
  • heating steam heating steam pressure
  • the evaluation target expanded molded product was evaluated in terms of (i) a rate of fusion and (ii) deformation and shrinkage.
  • the lowest heating steam pressure at which the rate of fusion was accepted was regarded as the lowest molding pressure
  • the highest heating steam pressure at which the deformation and shrinkage fell within an acceptable range was regarded as the highest molding pressure.
  • a difference between the highest molding pressure and the lowest molding pressure was regarded as a molding process heating range, and moldability was evaluated in accordance with a numerical value of the molding process heating range.
  • a crack having a depth of approximately 5 mm was made in a surface of the obtained expanded molded product with use of a knife.
  • the in-mold expanded molded product was then split along the crack, and a fracture surface was observed.
  • a ratio of the number of destroyed particles observed on the fracture surface to the number of all particles observed on the fracture surface was calculated, and the rate of fusion of the molded product was evaluated. A case where the rate of fusion was not less than 80% was regarded as acceptable.
  • a metal ruler was placed on a surface, having the largest area, of the obtained expanded molded product so as to pass through the central part of the surface to an end part of the surface, and a size of the largest clearance between the ruler and the molded product was measured.
  • a numerical value of the size was regarded as a deformation and shrinkage amount. A case where the deformation and shrinkage amount was not more than 1.5 mm was regarded as acceptable.
  • Molding method 2 Obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles were put in a pressure-resistant vessel with which a molding machine was equipped, and were compressed by air having pressure of 0.15 MPa. A block-shaped mold, having a length of 400 mm, a width of 300 mm, and a thickness of 40 mm, was filled with the pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles while the pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles were further being compressed. The pre-expanded polypropylene-based particles were then heat-molded by steam as with the molding method 1. A polypropylene-based resin expanded molded product was thus obtained.
  • Evaluation method 2 Moldability was evaluated in accordance with criteria similar to those in the evaluation method 1.
  • Table 1 shows physical properties of each resin.
  • a tumbler 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene-based resin of a kind shown in Table 2 was blended with 0.15 parts by weight of a cell nucleating agent masterbatch (sodium bicarbonate-based chemical foaming agent masterbatch; foaming agent content: 20%, gas yield: 15 ml/g (at a constant temperature of 220°C ⁇ 20 minutes), base resin: polyethylene).
  • Resultant blended materials were fed to a ⁇ 65 mm - ⁇ 90 mm tandem extruder having an end to which a finely cutting device capable of pelletization by watering cut method was connected. The blended materials were melted in a first extruder ( ⁇ 65 mm) set at 200°C.
  • a carbonic acid gas serving as a foaming agent was injected to and mixed with a resultant molten resin.
  • the molten resin thus obtained was then cooled in a second extruder ( ⁇ 90 mm) set at 146°C, and then extruded to a region having atmospheric pressure, through a die in which 96 micropores each having a diameter of 0.7 mm were arranged, at a discharge quantity of 50 kg/hour.
  • the molten resin was cut with use of a rotating blade immediately after the molten resin was extruded through the die, and then cooled by causing the molten resin to be in contact with hot water having a temperature of 55°C and flowing inside a drum.
  • Pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were thus obtained which had an expansion ratio of 10.7 times, an open cell ratio of 2%, and an internal open cell ratio of 15%.
  • Table 2 shows physical properties of the obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and a result of evaluating the pre-expanded particles by the moldability evaluation method 1.
  • Pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles of Examples 2 through 7 were obtained as with Example 1, except that extrusion foaming was carried out with composition and conditions shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 shows physical properties of the obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and results of evaluating the pre-expanded particles by the moldability evaluation method 1.
  • Pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles of Examples 8 through 10 were obtained as with Example 1, except that extrusion foaming was carried out with composition and conditions shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 shows physical properties of the obtained pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles and results of evaluating the pre-expanded particles by the moldability evaluation method 2.
  • Pre-expanded polypropylene-based resin particles were obtained as with Example 1, except that extrusion foaming was carried out with composition and conditions shown in Table 2.
  • the obtained expanded particles had high internal open cell ratios, and it was therefore difficult to obtain proper molded products.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but can be altered by a skilled person in the art within the scope of the claims.
  • the present invention also encompasses, in its technical scope, any embodiment derived by combining technical means disclosed in differing embodiments. Further, it is possible to form a new technical feature by combining the technical means disclosed in the respective embodiments.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
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EP3872121A1 (de) 2020-02-28 2021-09-01 Borealis AG Expandierte polypropylenperlen, verfahren zur herstellung von expandierenden polypropylenperlen, formkörper aus expandierten polypropylenperlen und verfahren zur herstellung solcher formkörper
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JPWO2018016399A1 (ja) 2019-05-09
CN109476868B (zh) 2021-08-06
JP7057752B2 (ja) 2022-04-20
CN109476868A (zh) 2019-03-15
EP3489287B1 (de) 2023-01-04
US20190153188A1 (en) 2019-05-23
EP4177298A1 (de) 2023-05-10
US10941265B2 (en) 2021-03-09
EP3489287A4 (de) 2020-03-18

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