EP3485502B1 - Separating device for an energy lead and method for separating an energy lead - Google Patents
Separating device for an energy lead and method for separating an energy lead Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3485502B1 EP3485502B1 EP17720031.8A EP17720031A EP3485502B1 EP 3485502 B1 EP3485502 B1 EP 3485502B1 EP 17720031 A EP17720031 A EP 17720031A EP 3485502 B1 EP3485502 B1 EP 3485502B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- disconnecting
- connecting element
- connector
- disconnecting device
- separating
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
Definitions
- the subject matter relates to a separating device for a power line, in particular a motor vehicle power line, comprising at least one separating means arranged spatially between a first and a second connection part when the separating device is in a closed state.
- the subject matter also relates to a method for disconnecting a power line.
- the electrical protection of energy conductors is a safety-relevant area of motor vehicle technology with regard to ensuring the safety of the vehicle occupants. must be quickly disconnected from the vehicle battery in the event of an accident. If this is not ensured, short circuits with briefly very high currents can occur in the event of an accident. The high short-circuit currents can lead to the formation of arcs. This must be reliably prevented in order not to endanger the safety of the vehicle occupants.
- separating devices are often used in which the power lines are cut through by pyrotechnic separating devices in the event of an impending short circuit.
- the separation of the power lines with the help of the pyrotechnic disconnection devices is usually achieved either by mechanically cutting the power line or by accelerating a bolt out of a cylinder, with a current path being formed between the bolt and the cylinder in the closed state, which is created by the disconnection device, eg the bolt is severed.
- the disadvantage of the conventionally used pyrotechnic disconnection devices is the fact that at the moment a current-carrying line is disconnected, arcs can form between the gap at the disconnection point, as a result of which the connection parts remain electrically connected to one another at least temporarily. This is often the case, particularly in high-voltage applications in electric or hybrid vehicles, since the formation of arcs is particularly favorable here due to the high currents and potential differences.
- Such a separator is off DE 10 2014 109405 A1 known.
- the object was based on the object of providing a disconnecting device for power lines that ensures reliable disconnection of current-carrying lines even in high-voltage applications.
- the separating device can be designed in such a way that the first and second connection parts are current-carrying components of a motor vehicle power line.
- the first and second connection parts can also be live components from power lines to other vehicles, from building installations, from electrically operated machines or signal boxes.
- the separating device advantageously has a current carrying capacity of over 10 amps, preferably of over 20 amps, in particular of over 100 amps, in the closed state.
- the disconnection device is advantageously designed in such a way that a potential difference of at least 100 V, preferably of at least 200 V, in particular of over 200 V, is present between the connection parts in the open state.
- the connecting element and the connecting parts can preferably be formed from an electrically conductive material such as a copper material or an aluminum material.
- the connection parts and the connecting element can also be formed from different materials.
- the material of the connecting element or the connecting parts can advantageously be adapted to the respective requirement.
- a copper material is preferably used where there is only a limited installation space available and at the same time high operating temperatures are present and high mechanical demands are placed on the material.
- An aluminum material is used in the field of power transmission wherever weight or costs are to be saved.
- the connecting element can preferably be formed as a flat cable. It goes without saying that, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, round cables can also be used instead of flat cables. Nevertheless, a A combination of round and flat cables can be provided.
- the lines can be made of solid material.
- the connecting element can be arranged on the separating means in such a way that separation at at least two contact points takes place essentially simultaneously.
- the connecting element can be connected to the separating means at least in a form-fitting manner, for example as a tongue and groove or dovetail connection.
- the connecting element can preferably be connected to the separating means in a force-locking manner, for example wedged or screwed.
- the connecting element can be connected to the separating means in a materially bonded manner, in particular soldered, glued or welded.
- the separating device can preferably be formed in such a way that the separating means can be moved translationally and / or rotationally between an open and a closed state of the separating device.
- the shape of the release agent can advantageously be adapted to the type of separation.
- the separating means can be essentially circular, whereas, when the connection parts are separated from a connecting element as a result of a translational movement of the separating element, the separating means can be essentially polygonal, in particular square.
- Rhombus-shaped, trapezoidal, elliptical or other geometric shapes are also possible for the separating element.
- a translational or rotational movement of the separating element and the preferably captive arrangement of the connecting element on the separating means can achieve a substantially simultaneous separation of the connecting element from the two connecting parts and thus a reduction in the probability of arcing when a current-carrying line is separated.
- the separation device can be designed as a pyrotechnic separation device.
- the separation can preferably be initiated by igniting a squib in an ignition channel.
- the ignition channel can be arranged with a separating means on, for example, a connection tab which is at the same time firmly connected to the separating means and holds it in a fixed position.
- the connection between the ignition channel and the connection tab can be separated.
- the separating means can no longer be held in its position, whereupon it rotates around its own axis together with the connecting element and separates the connecting element from the first and second connection part at a first and second contact point.
- the ignition channel can also be arranged on a piston, which is accelerated away from the ignition channel as a result of the impulse caused by the ignition of the squib so that the separating means translates at an angle, preferably perpendicular to the connecting plane of the connecting parts and the connecting element experiences, which leads to a separation of the connection between the ignition channel and the connection tab.
- connection parts can also be separated from the connecting element by a compressed air separating agent, a motor-controlled separating agent, a hydraulically controlled separating agent or a magnetically controlled separating agent.
- a separation can also take place via the acceleration of two separating chisels, which are accelerated essentially at the same time in the direction of the contact points between the connecting parts and the connecting element and which separate the connecting parts from the connecting element at these points.
- the separating device be formed such that the separating means is arranged in an end state of the separating device in such a way that the breakdown voltage between the first and the second connection part is equal to or less than between the first connection part and the first contact point of the connection element and / or between the second connection part and the second contact point of the connection element.
- this can be implemented, for example, in that the separating means of the separating device during the separation by an angle of 45 ° or more from the original Position is turned out.
- this can be realized in that the distance of a translational movement carried out during the separation is greater than or equal to the distance between the two connecting parts in the opened state of the separating device.
- the separating means can have at least one insulation element which, when the separating device is open, is spatially arranged between the first and the second connection part.
- the insulation element can be connected to the separating means in a form-fitting, preferably force-fitting, particularly preferably materially bonded manner.
- the insulation element can preferably be formed in the shape of a part of a circle - and in a closed state of the separating device can be arranged directly on the connecting element.
- the separating means can have at least two insulation elements arranged spatially between a first and a second connection part in a closed state of the separating device. This ensures that an arc is extinguished as quickly as possible at both separation points after the connecting element has been separated from the connection parts.
- only one insulation element which is advantageously rectangular, can be arranged directly on the connecting element in a closed state of the separating device.
- a particularly simple way of arranging an insulation element on or on a separating means can be achieved in that the separating means is preferably formed entirely from an insulating material.
- the separating means can only be a groove or recess for receiving the Have connecting element and otherwise be completely formed from an insulation material.
- the insulation element be formed from a breakdown-proof insulation material with a low electrical conductivity, preferably a plastic, ceramic or resin.
- the insulation element can preferably be formed from an insulation material with a dielectric strength of at least more than 5 kV / mm, preferably more than 20 kV / mm, particularly preferably more than 50 kV / mm and / or a specific electrical conductivity of at least less than 10 -5 S ⁇ cm-1, preferably less than 10 -10 S ⁇ cm-1, particularly preferably less than 10 -15 S ⁇ cm-1.
- the separating device can have at least one resistance element which is arranged between the connecting parts immediately after the separation, electrically connecting the connection parts.
- the resistance element can be positively, preferably non-positively, particularly preferably materially connected to the separating means.
- connection parts initially remain electrically conductively connected to one another via at least one resistance element immediately after the separation, and the current is thereby initially reduced by finally to actually be completely separated.
- the current flow between the connection parts is initially only limited before at least one insulation element spatially arranged between the first and the second connection part essentially completely prevents the current flow for complete separation.
- This arrangement corresponds to two-stage switching and reduces the risk of a Arc in that, in addition to a reduced induction voltage, the respective change in current is reduced over time (di / dt).
- the resistance element be made of a material with a low specific electrical conductivity of at least less than 10 2 S cm -1 , preferably less than 10 -1 S cm -1 , particularly preferably less than 10 -4 S ⁇ cm-1 can be formed.
- the resistance element can preferably be formed in the shape of a part of a circle - and in a closed state of the separating device can be arranged directly on the connecting element.
- the separating means can have at least two resistance elements which are spatially arranged between a first and a second connection part in a closed state of the separating device. This ensures that the current flow at the separation points is reduced as quickly as possible after the connection element has been separated from the connection parts.
- only one resistance element can be arranged, which is advantageously rectangular and can be arranged directly on the connecting element in a closed state of the separating device.
- the separating device can have at least two resistance elements, which can preferably be formed from different materials with different specific electrical conductivity.
- the resistance elements can preferably be arranged between the connection parts immediately after separation in such a way that a Current change over time (di / dt) as a result of the separation of a live line is as small as possible.
- two resistance elements with a different specific electrical conductivity can preferably be arranged in such a way that the resistance element with the higher specific electrical conductivity is first arranged between the first and second connection parts after separation of the separating device, before then the resistance element with the lower specific electrical conductivity is arranged between the connection parts. This also realizes a resistance gradient in the direction of movement of the separating means.
- more than two resistance elements which differ in their specific electrical conductivity, are arranged on or on the separating means, in particular in the form of a coating with a resistance material that forms a resistance gradient. This enables a current-carrying line to be separated with an increasing resistance in the direction of movement and thereby reduces the current gradient and therefore the likelihood of an arc occurring when a live line is disconnected.
- the separating device have at least two separating means connected electrically in series, wherein the separating means are preferably connected to one another spatially separated from one another via connecting means.
- the principle of minimizing the likelihood of an electric arc occurring when a live line is disconnected can be further optimized by increasing the number of disconnection points - assuming that the disconnection points are essentially opened at the same time - dividing the voltage induced by the change in current over several disconnection points becomes.
- a first and second connection part in the closed state of the separating device is electrically connected to one another via two connecting elements at a first and second contact point and a third and fourth contact point - and as a result of a rotational or translational movement of the separating means can be separated from one another essentially at the same time.
- the separating device can be arranged in a housing. In this way, it can be achieved that if a current-carrying line is disconnected, despite the formation of an arc, no flashover to the surroundings occurs.
- the housing can preferably be formed from a breakdown-proof material with a low specific electrical conductivity, in particular a plastic, a ceramic or a resin.
- Another subject matter is a method for separation according to claim 13.
- the method for separating a power line can preferably be carried out in such a way that separation of the separating means at at least two contact points takes place essentially simultaneously.
- the method for disconnecting a power line in particular the disconnection signal, can preferably be coupled to the triggering of an airbag control signal.
- the method can also be coupled to the behavior of other vehicle components, such as the behavior of the belt tensioner, the belt force limiter or the roll bar.
- the method in question can also be coupled to signals from crash or impact sensors.
- the separation signal be received by a sensor, preferably a reed sensor, a Hall sensor or an induction sensor.
- the separation signal can preferably be transmitted galvanically separated from the circuit.
- the sensor is arranged in an electrically insulated manner, for example on a housing of the separating device.
- a method for disconnecting a power line in which, in addition to disconnecting an electrical connection, in particular essentially simultaneously with disconnecting an electrical connection, an electrical connection is established which enables the discharge of stored electrical energy, in particular the discharge of a Intermediate circuit voltage from an intermediate circuit capacitor allows.
- Figure 1a shows a separating device for a power line 1 in a closed state.
- a first connection part 2 and a second connection part 4 are electrically connected to one another via a connection element 8 at a first and a second contact point 10a, 10b.
- the connecting element 8 is arranged on or on a separating means 6.
- a connection tab 12 ′ is attached to the separating means 6 and is arranged on an ignition channel 12 which has an ignition pellet 14.
- the connecting element 8 and the connecting parts 2, 4 can preferably be formed from an electrically conductive material, such as a copper material or an aluminum material.
- the connection parts 2, 4 and the connecting element 8 can also be formed from different materials.
- the connecting element 8 can preferably be formed as a flat cable. It goes without saying that, according to another variant, round cables can also be used instead of flat cables. At the same time, a combination of round and flat cables can also be provided.
- the connecting element 8 can preferably be arranged on the separating means 6.
- the connecting element 8 is preferably a metallic conductor track, which is preferably arranged in a groove or recess on the separating means 6.
- the separating means 6 is a circular component, which can preferably be rotatably mounted.
- the separating means 6 can advantageously be formed from an electrical insulator, preferably a plastic or a ceramic.
- the separating means 6 can in particular have groove-shaped or part-circular recesses into which the connecting element 8 can be inserted. For example, in a closed state of the separating device 1, an electrical connection between a first and a second connection part 2, 4 can be established via the connection element 8.
- the contact points 10a, 10b can advantageously be formed in the form of predetermined breaking points having material tapers.
- the material cross-sections in the corresponding contact areas 10a, 10b between the connection parts 2, 4 and the connecting element can be smaller than at the connecting parts 2, 4 and / or the connecting element 8.
- the contact areas 10a, 10b can also be formed from a material which, on the one hand, has a low material strength and, on the other hand, has a high current carrying capacity.
- connection tab 12 ′ attached to the ignition channel 12 can also have a predetermined breaking point, which can preferably be arranged at the contact point between the connection tab 12 ′ and the ignition channel 12.
- Figure 1b shows the separating device for a power line 1 from Figure 1a in an open state.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are no longer connected to one another via the connecting element 8, but are electrically separated from one another as a result of a rotation of the separating means 6.
- the connection tab 12 ' was separated from the ignition channel 12 by the triggering of the squib 14 and the separating means 6 could therefore no longer be held in its original position.
- the connecting element 8 was separated from the first and second connection parts 2, 4 at the first and second contact points 10a, 10b.
- a clockwise rotation can also take place.
- Figure 1c shows a separating device for a power line 1 with a two-part separating means 6 in a closed state.
- a first connection part 2 and a second connection part 4 are electrically connected to one another via a connection element 8 and two further connection pieces 10c, 10c '.
- the connecting pieces 10c, 10c ' are each arranged on the first separating means section 6a of the separating means 6 and are electrically connected to the first and the second connection part 2, 4 at a first contact point 10a and 10b, respectively.
- the connecting pieces 10c, 10c ' are each electrically connected at a second contact point 10a' or 10b 'to the connecting element 8, which is arranged on the second separating means section 6b of the separating means 6.
- connection tab 12 ' is also provided, which is fastened on the one hand to an ignition channel 12 having a primer 14 and on the other hand to the separating agent section 6a of the separating agent 6.
- Figure 1d shows the separating device for a power line 1 from Figure 1c in an open state.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 are no longer electrically connected to one another via the connecting element 8 and the two connecting pieces 10c, 10c ', but are electrically separated from one another as a result of a rotation of the first separating means section 6a.
- the connection lug 12 ′ was separated from the ignition channel 12 by the triggering of the ignition pellet 14, even in the version with a two-part separating agent.
- FIGS Figures 1a, b In contrast to the separating device with a one-piece separating agent according to FIGS Figures 1a, b However, only the position of the first separating means section 6a changes here and not the entire separating means 6.
- the illustrated rotation of the first separating means section 6a is caused by an angle of approx. 20-25 °, whereby the connecting pieces 10c, 10c ' between the first connection part 2 and the connecting element 8 at the contact points 10a and 10a 'or the second connection part and the connecting element 8 at the contact points 10b and 10b'.
- Figures 1c, d In the embodiment shown, it is possible to separate the current path not only at two, but at four different, remote contact points 10a, 10a ', 10b, 10b' essentially at the same time, so that the induced voltage is not only on two, but on four separation points is divided. As a result, the likelihood of arcing against the separator with one-piece separator according to FIGS Figures 1a, b further reduced.
- Figure 2a shows a separating device for a power line 1 according to a second embodiment in a closed state.
- a first connection part 2 and a second connection part 4 are over a connecting element 8 electrically connected to one another at a first and a second contact point 10a, 10b.
- the separating means 6 on which the connecting element 8 is arranged is rectangular.
- a squib 14 is arranged in an ignition channel 12, but is not like in FIG Figures 1a, b It is proposed to fasten a connection strap to the ignition channel 12, but instead a bolt 16 ′ is arranged on the ignition channel 12.
- FIG. 2b The main direction of movement of the bolt 16 'is off Figure 2b can be seen which the separating device for a power line 1 from Figure 2a represents in an open state.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 are no longer connected to one another via the connecting element 8, but are separated from one another at an angle, preferably perpendicular to the connecting axis of the connecting parts and the connecting element 8, as a result of a movement of the separating means 6.
- FIG. 2b it can be seen that the bolt 16 'is accelerated away from the ignition channel 12 by the triggering of the squib 14 and moves the separating means 6 from its original position.
- the connecting element 8 was separated from the first and second connection parts 2, 4 at the first and second contact points 10a, 10b.
- the current path is separated essentially at the same time.
- Figures 3a - c show a further embodiment of a separating device for a power line 1 with a two-stage switching mechanism.
- Figure 3a represents the already in Figure 1a shown construction with a rotatable separating element 6, in which a first and second connecting part 2, 4 via a Connecting element 8 are electrically connected to one another.
- the release agent 6 according to the embodiment Figure 3a has at least two resistance elements 18 a, b which are arranged in part-circle shape on the separating means 6.
- the resistance elements can preferably be formed from a material with a low specific electrical conductivity of less than 10 2 S ⁇ cm -1 , preferably less than 10 -1 S ⁇ cm -1 , particularly preferably less than 10 -4 S ⁇ cm -1 .
- the resistance elements can be connected to the separating means 6, in particular soldered, glued or welded. Likewise, the resistance elements can also be connected to the separating means 6 in a form-fitting manner, in particular as a tongue and groove or dovetail connection. It is also possible for more than just two resistance elements to be arranged on the separating means 6, which elements can preferably be formed from different materials, each with a different specific electrical conductivity.
- Figure 3b shows an intermediate form between a closed state of the separating device 1 according to FIG Figure 3a and an open state according to Figure 3c immediately after the connection parts 2, 4 have been separated from the connection element 8.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are no longer electrically connected to one another via the connection element 8, but are now at least partially via the resistance elements 18 a as a result of a rotation of the separating means 6 , b electrically connected to each other.
- the rotation of the release agent 6 takes place - as from Figure 3b can be seen - by triggering a squib 14 and the associated separation of the connection tab 12 'from the ignition channel 12.
- more than just two resistance elements 18a, b can also be arranged on the separating means 6, which elements can preferably be formed from different materials, each with different specific electrical conductivities. It has been recognized that the formation of an arc when a current-carrying line is disconnected can be prevented as efficiently as possible by arranging resistance elements on the separating means 6, forming a resistance gradient in the direction of movement. With this type of arrangement, instead of an abrupt separation of an energy line, a more gentle separation of an energy line can be realized in which there is a lower current gradient, which counteracts the formation of arcs.
- the two part-circular areas from the Figures 3a - c can for example each be formed from three different resistance elements, which are arranged in such a way that the two resistance elements with the highest specific electrical conductivity of the total of six resistance elements as a result of a rotation of the separating means 6 immediately after separating the separating device 1 first at least partially between the two connecting parts are arranged.
- the two resistance elements with the next higher specific electrical conductivity can then be arranged at least partially between the two connection parts.
- the two resistance elements with the lowest specific electrical conductivity can be arranged at least partially between the two connection parts.
- Figure 3c represents the separating device for a power line 1 according to FIG Figures 3a , b after a further rotation or the continuation of a rotation through an angle of a further approx. 10-15 ° in an open state in which the two connection parts 2, 4 now neither over the connecting element 8, nor at least are partially electrically connected to one another via the resistance elements 18 a, b.
- FIGS. 4a-c show a second embodiment of a separating device for a power line 1 with an at least two-stage switching mechanism.
- Figure 4a shows the already in Figure 2a shown structure with a rectangular separating means 6, in which a first and second connection part 2, 4 are electrically connected to one another via a connecting element 8.
- the release agent 6 according to the embodiment Figure 4a has a resistance element 18 which is arranged on or on the separating means 6.
- FIG. 13 shows a state between a closed state of the separating device 1 according to FIG Figure 4a and an open state according to Figure 4c immediately after the connection parts 2, 4 have been separated from the connecting element 8.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are no longer electrically connected to one another via the connecting element 8, but are electrically connected to one another via the resistance element 18 as a result of a translational movement of the separating means 6.
- the translational movement of the separating means 6 takes place perpendicular to the connecting axis of the connecting parts and the connecting element - as shown in FIG Figure 4b can be seen - by triggering a squib 14 and the associated acceleration out of the bolt 16 'away from the ignition channel 12.
- Figure 4c shows the separating device for a power line 1 according to FIG Figures 4a , b in an open state.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are not electrically connected to one another either via the connecting element 8 or via the resistance element 18.
- the Figures 5a, b show a separating device for a power line 1 in a parallel arrangement according to a first embodiment.
- Figure 5a shows a structure with a rotatable, circular separating means 6 in a closed state.
- a first and a second connection part 2, 4 are electrically connected to one another via two connecting elements 8a, b at a first and second contact point 10a, 10a 'and a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b'.
- the connecting elements 8 a, b are arranged on the separating means 6. Similar to the embodiment according to FIGS Figures 1a, b
- a connection lug 12 ′ is attached to the separating means 6 and is arranged on an ignition channel 12 which has a squib 14.
- the connecting elements 8a, b can preferably be formed as flat conductors. It goes without saying, however, that the connecting elements 8a, b can also be formed as round conductors.
- the connecting elements 8a, b can preferably be aligned essentially parallel to one another and have essentially the same length and the same cross section.
- the two connecting elements 8a, b can advantageously be formed from the same material.
- Figure 5b shows a separating device for a power line 1 according to Figure 5a in an open state.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 are no longer over the connecting elements 8a, b are connected to one another, but are separated from one another as a result of a rotation of the separating means 6.
- the connection tab 12 ' was separated from the ignition channel 12 by the triggering of the squib 14, so that the separating means 6 can no longer be held in its original position.
- the connecting elements 8a, b at the first and second contact points 10a, 10a 'and the third and fourth contact points 10b, 10b' are moved essentially simultaneously the first and second connection part 2, 4 separately.
- FIGS Figures 5a, b can also according to the design with two-part release agent according to Figures 1c, d which can further reduce the likelihood of arcing when a live line is disconnected.
- Figure 6a shows a structure of a separating device for a power line 1 in a parallel arrangement and a rectangular separating means 6 in a closed state.
- a first and a second connection part 2, 4 are electrical via two connecting elements 8a, b at a first and second contact point 10a, 10a 'and a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b' connected with each other.
- the connecting elements 8 a, b are arranged on the separating means 6.
- Figure 6b shows the arrangement Figure 6a in an open state.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 are no longer connected to one another via the connecting elements 8a, b, but are separated from one another as a result of a translational movement of the separating means 6 essentially perpendicular to the connecting axis of the connecting parts and the connecting element.
- the translational movement of the separating means 6 takes place via an acceleration of the bolt 16 'as a result of the triggering of the squib 14.
- the illustrated translational movement of the separating means 6 causes the connecting element to be at the first and second contact points 10a, 10b as well as a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b 'separated from the first and second connection parts 2, 4 essentially at the same time.
- FIG. 7a-c shows a separating device for a power line 1 in a parallel arrangement and a two-stage design according to a first embodiment.
- Figure 7 a shows a closed state in which a first and second connection part 2, 4 are electrically connected to one another via two connecting elements 8a, b at a first and second contact point 10a, 10a 'and at a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b.
- the connecting elements are arranged on a rotatable, circular separating means 6.
- the separating device 1 has the resistance elements 18a, b, which are arranged in part-circle shape on the separating means 6.
- the separating device in this embodiment also has a third resistance element 18c, which is arranged between the two connecting elements 8a, b.
- FIG. 13 shows a state between a closed state of the separating device 1 according to FIG Figure 7a and an open state according to Figure 7c immediately after the connection parts 2, 4 have been separated from the connecting elements 8a, b.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are no longer electrically connected to one another via the connecting elements 8 a, b, but are now at least partially electrically connected to one another via the resistance elements 18 a, b, c as a result of a rotation of the separating means 6.
- the rotation of the release agent 6 takes place - as from Figure 7b can be seen - by triggering a squib 14 and the associated separation of the connection tab 12 'from the ignition channel 12.
- Figure 7c shows the separating device for a power line 1 according to Figure 7b after a further rotation or the continuation of a rotation through an angle of approx. 10-15 ° in an open state.
- the two connection parts 2, 4 are now not electrically connected to one another either via the connecting elements 8a, b, or at least partially via the resistance elements 18a, b, c.
- Figure 8a shows a closed state in which a first and second connection part 2, 4 are electrically connected to one another via two connecting elements 8a, b at a first and second contact point 10a, 10a 'and at a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b.
- the connecting elements are arranged on a preferably rectangular separating means 6.
- the separating device 1 has at least two resistance elements 18a, b, which are arranged on the separating means 6 next to the connecting elements 8a, b.
- FIG. 13 shows a state between a closed state of the separating device 1 according to FIG Figure 8a and an open state according to Figure 8c immediately after the connection parts 2, 4 have been separated from the connecting elements 8a, b.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 are no longer electrically connected to one another via the connecting elements 8a, b, but are now at least partially electrically connected to one another via the resistance elements 18a, b as a result of a translational movement of the separating means 6.
- the translational movement of the separating means 6 takes place - as from Figure 8b can be seen - by triggering a squib 14 and the associated acceleration of a bolt 16 'away from the ignition channel 12.
- the connecting elements 8a, b at the first and second contact point 10a, 10b and at a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b ' are separated from the first and second connection parts 2, 4, at least partially via the resistance elements 18a, b an electrical connection is formed between the first and second connection part.
- Figure 8c shows the separating device for a power line 1 according to FIG Figures 8a and b in an open state.
- the translational movement of the separating means 6 has progressed further, so that the two connecting parts 2, 4 now are not electrically connected to one another either via the connecting elements 8a, b or via the resistance elements 18a, b.
- Figure 9a shows the separating device 1 in an initial state in which a first circuit is closed and a second circuit is open.
- the first circuit is shown by way of example in the form of a parallel arrangement with a separating means 6.
- a first and a second connection part 2, 4 are electrically connected to one another in the first circuit via two connecting elements 8a, b at a first and second contact point 10a, 10a 'and a third and fourth contact point 10b, 10b'.
- a third connecting element 8c which is not in electrical connection with either of the two circuits, is also arranged on the separating means 6.
- the first and second circuits are electrically connected via a capacitor 20.
- the separating device 1 has a bolt 16 ′, which is arranged between a separating means 6 and an ignition channel 12 which has a squib 14.
- Figure 9b finally shows the separating device 1 according to Figure 9a in a final state.
- a first circuit in an open state and a second circuit in a closed state.
- the two connecting parts 2, 4 in the first circuit are no longer connected to one another via the connecting elements 8a, b, but are separated from one another as a result of a translational movement of the separating means 6, preferably perpendicular to the connecting axis of the connecting parts and the connecting elements 8a, b .
- the translational movement of the separating means 6 takes place via an acceleration out of the bolt 16 ′ as a result of triggering the squib 14.
- the third connecting element 8c is displaced by the movement in such a way that it essentially simultaneously establishes an electrical connection between the second connecting part and the second circuit.
- a disconnection device for a power line 1 for the simultaneous disconnection and production of an electrical connection can also be formed via a combination of a second circuit with any other embodiment of one of the disconnection devices presented here, provided that one of the two circuits is closed in an initial state is, whereas the other circuit is open and in a subsequent end state the previously open circuit is closed, whereas the previously closed circuit is now in an open state.
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Description
Der Gegenstand betrifft eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung, insbesondere eine Kraftfahrzeugenergieleitung, umfassend zumindest ein in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung räumlich zwischen einem ersten und einem zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnetes Trennmittel. Darüber hinaus betrifft der Gegenstand ein Verfahren zur Trennung einer Energieleitung.The subject matter relates to a separating device for a power line, in particular a motor vehicle power line, comprising at least one separating means arranged spatially between a first and a second connection part when the separating device is in a closed state. The subject matter also relates to a method for disconnecting a power line.
Die elektrische Absicherung von Energieleitern, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugenergieleitern, stellt hinsichtlich der Gewährleistung der Sicherheit der Fahrzeuginsassen einen sicherheitsrelevanten Bereich der Kraftfahrzeugtechnologie dar. Insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugenergieleiter die einen hohen Strom führen, wie das Starter - und Generatorkabel, die Hauptbatterieleitung und/oder weitere stromführende Leitungen des Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzes, müssen bei Unfällen schnell von der Fahrzeugbatterie getrennt werden. Wird dies nicht sichergestellt, so können bei Unfällen Kurzschlüsse mit kurzzeitig sehr hohen Strömen auftreten. Die hohen Kurzschlussströme können zur Bildung von Lichtbögen führen. Dies muss zuverlässig unterbunden werden, um die Sicherheit der Fahrzeuginsassen nicht zu gefährden.The electrical protection of energy conductors, in particular motor vehicle energy conductors, is a safety-relevant area of motor vehicle technology with regard to ensuring the safety of the vehicle occupants. must be quickly disconnected from the vehicle battery in the event of an accident. If this is not ensured, short circuits with briefly very high currents can occur in the event of an accident. The high short-circuit currents can lead to the formation of arcs. This must be reliably prevented in order not to endanger the safety of the vehicle occupants.
Heutzutage werden häufig Trennvorrichtungen verwendet, bei denen die Energieleitungen im Falle eines drohenden Kurzschlusses durch pyrotechnische Trennvorrichtungen durchtrennt werden. Die Trennung der Energieleitungen mit Hilfe der pyrotechnischen Trennvorrichtungen wird in der Regel entweder durch mechanisches Durchtrennen der Energieleitung erreicht oder durch das Herausbeschleunigen eines Bolzens aus einem Zylinder, wobei im geschlossenen Zustand ein Strompfad zwischen dem Bolzen und dem Zylinder gebildet ist, der durch die Trennvorrichtung, z.B. den Bolzen durchtrennt wird.Nowadays, separating devices are often used in which the power lines are cut through by pyrotechnic separating devices in the event of an impending short circuit. The separation of the power lines with the help of the pyrotechnic disconnection devices is usually achieved either by mechanically cutting the power line or by accelerating a bolt out of a cylinder, with a current path being formed between the bolt and the cylinder in the closed state, which is created by the disconnection device, eg the bolt is severed.
Nachteilig an den herkömmlich verwendeten pyrotechnischen Trennvorrichtungen ist die Tatsache, dass sich im Moment der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung Lichtbögen zwischen dem Spalt an der Trennstelle ausbilden können, wodurch die Anschlussteile zumindest zeitweilig elektrisch miteinander verbunden bleiben. Dies ist insbesondere bei Hochvoltanwendungen in Elektro - oder Hybridfahrzeugen häufig der Fall, da hier die Entstehung von Lichtbögen aufgrund der hohen Ströme und Potentialdifferenzen besonders begünstigt ist.The disadvantage of the conventionally used pyrotechnic disconnection devices is the fact that at the moment a current-carrying line is disconnected, arcs can form between the gap at the disconnection point, as a result of which the connection parts remain electrically connected to one another at least temporarily. This is often the case, particularly in high-voltage applications in electric or hybrid vehicles, since the formation of arcs is particularly favorable here due to the high currents and potential differences.
Eine solche Trennvorrichtung ist aus
Aus diesen Gründen lag dem Gegenstand die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Trennvorrichtung für Energieleitungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine sichere Trennung von stromführenden Leitungen selbst bei Hochvoltanwendungen gewährleistet.For these reasons, the object was based on the object of providing a disconnecting device for power lines that ensures reliable disconnection of current-carrying lines even in high-voltage applications.
Diese Aufgabe wird gegenständlich durch eine Trennvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is objectively achieved by a separating device according to
Die Trennvorrichtung kann dabei derart ausgebildet sein, dass das erste und zweite Anschlussteil stromführende Komponenten einer Kraftfahrzeugenergieleitung sind. Ebenso können das erste und zweite Anschlussteil auch stromführende Komponenten von Energieleitungen anderer Fahrzeuge, von Gebäudeinstallationen, von elektrisch betriebenen Maschinen oder Stellwerken sein. Insbesondere dort, wo hohe Ströme fließen, ist eine gegenständliche Absicherung der Stromkreise sinnvoll. Vorteilhafterweise weist die Trennvorrichtung dazu im geschlossenen Zustand eine Stromtragfähigkeit von über 10 Ampere, vorzugsweise von über 20 Ampere, insbesondere von über 100 Ampere auf.The separating device can be designed in such a way that the first and second connection parts are current-carrying components of a motor vehicle power line. The first and second connection parts can also be live components from power lines to other vehicles, from building installations, from electrically operated machines or signal boxes. In particular, where high currents flow, an objective protection of the circuits makes sense. For this purpose, the separating device advantageously has a current carrying capacity of over 10 amps, preferably of over 20 amps, in particular of over 100 amps, in the closed state.
Ebenso ist überall dort, wo vergleichsweise hohe Spannungen anliegen, eine gegenständliche Absicherung der Stromkreise sinnvoll. Um ein sicheres Trennen beispielsweise auch von Leitungen in Hochspannungsbordnetzen zu gewährleisten, ist die Trennvorrichtung vorteilhafterweise derart gebildet, dass zwischen den Anschlussteilen im geöffneten Zustand eine Potentialdifferenz von mindestens 100 V, vorzugsweise von mindestens 200 V, insbesondere von über 200 V anliegt.Likewise, wherever comparatively high voltages are present, an objective protection of the circuits makes sense. In order to ensure reliable disconnection, for example, of lines in high-voltage on-board networks, the disconnection device is advantageously designed in such a way that a potential difference of at least 100 V, preferably of at least 200 V, in particular of over 200 V, is present between the connection parts in the open state.
Um in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung eine möglichst verlustarme Energieversorgung zu realisieren, können das Verbindungselement sowie die Anschlussteile vorzugsweise aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, wie einem Kupferwerkstoff oder einem Aluminiumwerkstoff gebildet sein. Hierbei können die Anschlussteile und das Verbindungselement auch aus unterschiedlichen Materialien gebildet sein. Vorteilhafterweise kann das Material des Verbindungselements oder der Anschlussteile an die jeweiligen Anforderung angepasst werden. Ein Kupferwerkstoff wird im Bereich der Stromübertragung vorzugsweise dort verwendet, wo nur ein begrenzter Bauraum zur Verfügung steht und gleichzeitig hohe Einsatztemperaturen vorliegen sowie hohe mechanische Anforderungen an das Material gestellt werden. Ein Aluminiumwerkstoff wird im Bereich der Stromübertragung überall dort eingesetzt, wo Gewicht oder Kosten eingespart werden sollen.In order to achieve the lowest possible loss of energy supply in a closed state of the separating device, the connecting element and the connecting parts can preferably be formed from an electrically conductive material such as a copper material or an aluminum material. Here, the connection parts and the connecting element can also be formed from different materials. The material of the connecting element or the connecting parts can advantageously be adapted to the respective requirement. In the field of power transmission, a copper material is preferably used where there is only a limited installation space available and at the same time high operating temperatures are present and high mechanical demands are placed on the material. An aluminum material is used in the field of power transmission wherever weight or costs are to be saved.
Das Verbindungselement kann vorzugsweise als Flachleitung gebildet sein. Es versteht sich, dass gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel anstatt Flachleitungen ebenso Rundleitungen eingesetzt werden können. Gleichwohl kann auch eine Kombination von Rund - und Flachleitungen vorgesehen sein. Die Leitungen können aus Vollmaterial gebildet sein.The connecting element can preferably be formed as a flat cable. It goes without saying that, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, round cables can also be used instead of flat cables. Nevertheless, a A combination of round and flat cables can be provided. The lines can be made of solid material.
Es ist erkannt worden, dass bei der Trennung von stromführenden Leitungen eine äußerst effiziente Reduzierung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung von Lichtbögen erreicht werden kann, wenn eine stromführende Leitung im Wesentlichen zeitgleich nicht nur an einer, sondern an zwei Trennstellen getrennt wird. Dadurch wird die induzierte Spannung auf beide Trennstellen aufgeteilt, wodurch sich die zu trennende Spannung auf die beiden Trennstellen aufteilt.It has been recognized that, when separating current-carrying lines, an extremely efficient reduction in the probability of arcs occurring can be achieved if a current-carrying line is separated essentially at the same time not only at one but at two separation points. As a result, the induced voltage is divided between the two separation points, whereby the voltage to be separated is divided between the two separation points.
Um eine möglichst effiziente Reduzierung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung von Lichtbögen zu gewährleisten, wird deshalb vorgeschlagen, dass das Verbindungselement derart an das Trennmittel angeordnet sein kann, dass eine Trennung an zumindest zwei Kontaktstellen im Wesentlichen zeitgleich verläuft.In order to ensure the most efficient possible reduction in the likelihood of arcing occurring, it is therefore proposed that the connecting element can be arranged on the separating means in such a way that separation at at least two contact points takes place essentially simultaneously.
Hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Verbindungselement mit dem Trennmittel zumindest formschlüssig, beispielsweise als Nut-Feder oder Schwalbenschwanzverbindung, verbunden sein kann. Vorzugsweise kann das Verbindungselement kraftschlüssig, beispielsweise verkeilt oder verschraubt mit dem Trennmittel verbunden sein. Besonders bevorzugt kann das Verbindungselement stoffschlüssig, insbesondere gelötet, geklebt oder verschweißt mit dem Trennmittel verbunden sein.To this end, it is proposed that the connecting element can be connected to the separating means at least in a form-fitting manner, for example as a tongue and groove or dovetail connection. The connecting element can preferably be connected to the separating means in a force-locking manner, for example wedged or screwed. Particularly preferably, the connecting element can be connected to the separating means in a materially bonded manner, in particular soldered, glued or welded.
Um eine möglichst zeitgleiche Trennung der Anschlussteile von dem Verbindungselement zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung vorzugsweise derart gebildet sein kann, dass das Trennmittel zwischen einem geöffneten und einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung translatorisch und/oder rotatorisch bewegbar ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann dabei die Form des Trennmittels an die Art der Trennung angepasst werden. So kann das Trennmittel bei einer Trennung der Anschlussteile von einem Verbindungselement infolge einer Rotation des Trennmittels in wesentlichen kreisförmig gebildet sein, wohingegen das Trennmittel bei einer Trennung der Anschlussteile von einem Verbindungselement infolge einer Translationsbewegung des Trennelements im wesentlichen mehreckig, insbesondere viereckig gebildet sein kann. Hierdurch wird in Abhängigkeit der Bewegungsart des Trennelements insbesondere der Vorgang der Trennung des Verbindungselements von den Anschlussteilen erleichtert. Auch sind rhombusförmige, trapezförmige, ellipsenförmige oder andere geometrische Formen für das Trennelement möglich.In order to ensure that the connection parts are separated from the connecting element as simultaneously as possible, it is proposed that the separating device can preferably be formed in such a way that the separating means can be moved translationally and / or rotationally between an open and a closed state of the separating device. The shape of the release agent can advantageously be adapted to the type of separation. Thus, when the connection parts are separated from a connecting element as a result of a rotation of the separating means, the separating means can be essentially circular, whereas, when the connection parts are separated from a connecting element as a result of a translational movement of the separating element, the separating means can be essentially polygonal, in particular square. As a result, depending on the type of movement of the separating element, in particular the process of separating the connecting element from the connecting parts is facilitated. Rhombus-shaped, trapezoidal, elliptical or other geometric shapes are also possible for the separating element.
Durch eine Translations - oder Rotationsbewegung des Trennelementes sowie die vorzugsweise verliersichere Anordnung des Verbindungselementes auf dem Trennmittel kann eine im Wesentlichen zeitgleiche Trennung des Verbindungselements von beiden Anschlussteilen und damit eine Reduzierung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung von Lichtbögen bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung erreicht werden.A translational or rotational movement of the separating element and the preferably captive arrangement of the connecting element on the separating means can achieve a substantially simultaneous separation of the connecting element from the two connecting parts and thus a reduction in the probability of arcing when a current-carrying line is separated.
Um eine einfache und zugleich sichere Initiierung eines Trennvorgangs zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung als pyrotechnische Trennvorrichtung gebildet sein kann. Die Trennung kann dabei vorzugsweise durch das Zünden einer Zündpille in einem Zündkanal initiiert werden. Der Zündkanal kann bei einer Ausführungsform mit einem Trennmittel an beispielsweise einer Anschlusslasche angeordnet sein, die zugleich fest mit dem Trennmittel verbunden ist und dieses in einer festen Position hält.In order to ensure a simple and at the same time safe initiation of a separation process, it is proposed that the separation device can be designed as a pyrotechnic separation device. The separation can preferably be initiated by igniting a squib in an ignition channel. In one embodiment, the ignition channel can be arranged with a separating means on, for example, a connection tab which is at the same time firmly connected to the separating means and holds it in a fixed position.
Infolge des durch die Zündung der Zündpille verursachten Impulses kann die Verbindung zwischen dem Zündkanal und der Anschlusslasche getrennt werden. Infolge der Trennung kann das Trennmittel nicht mehr in seiner Position gehalten werden, woraufhin es sich samt dem Verbindungselement um die eigene Achse dreht und das Verbindungselement an einer ersten und zweiten Kontaktstelle von dem ersten und zweiten Anschlussteil trennt.As a result of the pulse caused by the ignition of the squib, the connection between the ignition channel and the connection tab can be separated. As a result of the separation, the separating means can no longer be held in its position, whereupon it rotates around its own axis together with the connecting element and separates the connecting element from the first and second connection part at a first and second contact point.
Ebenso kann der Zündkanal bei einer Ausführungsform einer Trennvorrichtung mit einem Trennelement auch an einen Kolben angeordnet sein, der infolge des durch die Zündung der Zündpille verursachten Impulses derart von dem Zündkanal weg beschleunigt wird, dass das Trennmittel eine Translationsbewegung winklig, vorzugsweise senkrecht zur Verbindungsebene der Anschlussteile und des Verbindungselements erfährt, die zu einer Trennung der Verbindung zwischen dem Zündkanal und der Anschlusslasche führt.Likewise, in one embodiment of a separating device with a separating element, the ignition channel can also be arranged on a piston, which is accelerated away from the ignition channel as a result of the impulse caused by the ignition of the squib so that the separating means translates at an angle, preferably perpendicular to the connecting plane of the connecting parts and the connecting element experiences, which leads to a separation of the connection between the ignition channel and the connection tab.
Alternativ zur Trennung durch ein pyrotechnisches Trennmittel kann die Trennung der Anschlussteile von dem Verbindungselement ebenso durch ein Drucklufttrennmittel, ein motorisch gesteuertes Trennmittel, ein hydraulisch gesteuertes Trennmittel oder ein magnetisch gesteuertes Trennmittel erfolgen.As an alternative to the separation by a pyrotechnic separating agent, the connection parts can also be separated from the connecting element by a compressed air separating agent, a motor-controlled separating agent, a hydraulically controlled separating agent or a magnetically controlled separating agent.
Zudem kann eine Trennung alternativ zu einer Trennung durch eine Bewegung des Trennmittels auch über die Beschleunigung zweier Trennmeißel erfolgen, die im Wesentlichen zeitgleich in Richtung der Kontaktstellen zwischen den Anschlussteilen und dem Verbindungselement beschleunigt werden und die Anschlussteile an diesen Stellen von dem Verbindungselement trennen.In addition, as an alternative to a separation by moving the separating means, a separation can also take place via the acceleration of two separating chisels, which are accelerated essentially at the same time in the direction of the contact points between the connecting parts and the connecting element and which separate the connecting parts from the connecting element at these points.
Um eine größere Flexibilität betreffend den Verschiebeweg des Trennmittels der gegenständlichen Trennvorrichtung zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung derart gebildet ist, dass das Trennmittel in einem Endzustand der Trennvorrichtung derart angeordnet ist, dass die Durchschlagsspannung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Anschlussteil gleich oder kleiner ist, als zwischen dem ersten Anschlussteil und der ersten Kontaktstelle des Verbindungselements und/oder zwischen dem zweiten Anschlussteil und der zweiten Kontaktstelle des Verbindungselements.In order to ensure greater flexibility with regard to the displacement path of the separating means of the separating device in question, it is proposed that the separating device be formed such that the separating means is arranged in an end state of the separating device in such a way that the breakdown voltage between the first and the second connection part is equal to or less than between the first connection part and the first contact point of the connection element and / or between the second connection part and the second contact point of the connection element.
Dies kann im Falle eines runden, vorzugsweise kreisförmigen Trennmittels beispielsweise dadurch realisiert werden, dass das Trennmittel der Trennvorrichtung bei der Trennung um einen Winkel von 45° oder mehr aus der ursprünglichen Position heraus gedreht wird. Alternativ kann dies im Falle eines eckig geformten Trennmittels dadurch realisiert werden, dass die Strecke einer während der Trennung durchgeführten Translationsbewegung größer oder gleich dem Abstand zwischen den beiden Anschlussteilen im geöffneten Zustand der Trennvorrichtung ist.In the case of a round, preferably circular separating means, this can be implemented, for example, in that the separating means of the separating device during the separation by an angle of 45 ° or more from the original Position is turned out. Alternatively, in the case of an angularly shaped separating means, this can be realized in that the distance of a translational movement carried out during the separation is greater than or equal to the distance between the two connecting parts in the opened state of the separating device.
Um die Entstehung eines Lichtbogens möglichst effizient zu unterdrücken, wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Trennmittel zumindest ein Isolationselement aufweisen kann, welches in einem geöffneten Zustand der Trennvorrichtung räumlich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnet ist. Hierbei kann das Isolationselement formschlüssig, vorzugsweise kraftschlüssig, besonders bevorzugt stoffschlüssig mit dem Trennmittel verbunden sein.In order to suppress the occurrence of an arc as efficiently as possible, it is proposed that the separating means can have at least one insulation element which, when the separating device is open, is spatially arranged between the first and the second connection part. Here, the insulation element can be connected to the separating means in a form-fitting, preferably force-fitting, particularly preferably materially bonded manner.
In einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem runden, vorzugsweise kreisförmigen Trennmittel kann das Isolationselement vorzugsweise teilkreisförmig gebildet - und in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung unmittelbar an das Verbindungselement angeordnet sein. Insbesondere bei einer solchen Ausführungsform kann das Trennmittel zumindest zwei in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung räumlich zwischen einem ersten und zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnete Isolationselemente aufweisen. Dies gewährleistet nach einer Trennung des Verbindungselementes von den Anschlussteilen ein schnellstmögliches Löschen eines Lichtbogens an beiden Trennstellen.In one embodiment of the separating device with a round, preferably circular separating means, the insulation element can preferably be formed in the shape of a part of a circle - and in a closed state of the separating device can be arranged directly on the connecting element. In particular in such an embodiment, the separating means can have at least two insulation elements arranged spatially between a first and a second connection part in a closed state of the separating device. This ensures that an arc is extinguished as quickly as possible at both separation points after the connecting element has been separated from the connection parts.
In einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem eckigen Trennmittel kann vorzugsweise nur ein Isolationselement, das vorteilhafterweise rechteckig gebildet ist, in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung unmittelbar an dem Verbindungselement angeordnet sein.In one embodiment of the separating device with an angular separating means, only one insulation element, which is advantageously rectangular, can be arranged directly on the connecting element in a closed state of the separating device.
Eine besonders einfache Art der Anordnung eines Isolationselements an oder auf einem Trennmittel kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass das Trennmittel vorzugsweise vollständig aus einem Isolationsmaterial gebildet ist. In diesem Fall kann das Trennmittel nur eine Nut oder Ausnehmung für die Aufnahme des Verbindungselements aufweisen und ansonsten vollständig aus einem Isolationsmaterial gebildet sein.A particularly simple way of arranging an insulation element on or on a separating means can be achieved in that the separating means is preferably formed entirely from an insulating material. In this case, the separating means can only be a groove or recess for receiving the Have connecting element and otherwise be completely formed from an insulation material.
Um ein ausreichend schnelles und sicheres Löschen eines Lichtbogens nach der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Isolationselement aus einem durchschlagsfesten Isolationsmaterial mit einer geringen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, vorzugsweise einem Kunststoff, einer Keramik oder einem Harz gebildet sein kann. Hierbei kann das Isolationselement vorzugsweise aus einem Isolationsmaterial mit einer Durchschlagsfestigkeit von zumindest mehr als 5 kV/mm, bevorzugt mehr als 20 kV/mm, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 50 kV/mm gebildet sein und/oder eine spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit von zumindest weniger als 10-5 S·cm-1, bevorzugt weniger als 10-10 S·cm-1, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 10-15 S·cm-1 aufweisen.In order to ensure that an arc is extinguished quickly and reliably after a live line has been disconnected, it is proposed that the insulation element be formed from a breakdown-proof insulation material with a low electrical conductivity, preferably a plastic, ceramic or resin. Here, the insulation element can preferably be formed from an insulation material with a dielectric strength of at least more than 5 kV / mm, preferably more than 20 kV / mm, particularly preferably more than 50 kV / mm and / or a specific electrical conductivity of at least less than 10 -5 S · cm-1, preferably less than 10 -10 S · cm-1, particularly preferably less than 10 -15 S · cm-1.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung zumindest ein Widerstandselement aufweisen kann, welches unmittelbar nach dem Trennen, die Anschlussteile elektrisch verbindend, zwischen den Anschlussteilen angeordnet ist. Hierbei kann das Widerstandselement formschlüssig, vorzugsweise kraftschlüssig, besonders bevorzugt stoffschlüssig mit dem Trennmittel verbunden sein.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the separating device can have at least one resistance element which is arranged between the connecting parts immediately after the separation, electrically connecting the connection parts. Here, the resistance element can be positively, preferably non-positively, particularly preferably materially connected to the separating means.
Es ist erkannt worden, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung von Lichtbögen bei der Trennung von stromführenden Leitungen deutlich reduziert werden kann, wenn die Anschlussteile unmittelbar nach der Trennung zunächst über zumindest ein Widerstandselement elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden bleiben, und der Strom dadurch zunächst reduziert wird, um abschließend tatsächlich vollständig getrennt zu werden. Der Stromfluss zwischen den Anschlussteilen wird zunächst lediglich begrenzt, bevor zur vollständigen Trennung zumindest ein räumlich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnetes Isolationselement den Stromfluss im Wesentlichen vollständig unterbindet. Diese Anordnung entspricht einem zweistufigen Schalten und verringert das Risiko der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens dadurch, dass zusätzlich zu einer verringerten Induktionsspannung die jeweilige Stromänderung über die Zeit (di/dt) verringert wird.It has been recognized that the likelihood of arcs occurring when current-carrying lines are separated can be significantly reduced if the connection parts initially remain electrically conductively connected to one another via at least one resistance element immediately after the separation, and the current is thereby initially reduced by finally to actually be completely separated. The current flow between the connection parts is initially only limited before at least one insulation element spatially arranged between the first and the second connection part essentially completely prevents the current flow for complete separation. This arrangement corresponds to two-stage switching and reduces the risk of a Arc in that, in addition to a reduced induction voltage, the respective change in current is reduced over time (di / dt).
Um einen Stromfluss zwischen den Anschlussteilen möglichst effizient zu reduzieren, wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Widerstandselement aus einem Material mit einer niedrigen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von zumindest weniger als 102 S·cm-1, bevorzugt weniger als 10-1 S·cm-1, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 10-4 S·cm-1 gebildet sein kann.In order to reduce a current flow between the connection parts as efficiently as possible, it is proposed that the resistance element be made of a material with a low specific electrical conductivity of at least less than 10 2 S cm -1 , preferably less than 10 -1 S cm -1 , particularly preferably less than 10 -4 S · cm-1 can be formed.
In einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem runden vorzugsweise kreisförmigen Trennmittel kann das Widerstandselement vorzugsweise teilkreisförmig gebildet - und in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung unmittelbar an dem Verbindungselement angeordnet sein. Insbesondere bei einer solchen Ausführungsform kann das Trennmittel zumindest zwei in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung räumlich zwischen einem ersten und zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnete Widerstandselemente aufweisen. Dies gewährleistet nach einer Trennung des Verbindungselements von den Anschlussteilen ein schnellstmögliches Reduzieren des Stromflusses an den Trennstellen.In one embodiment of the separating device with a round, preferably circular separating means, the resistance element can preferably be formed in the shape of a part of a circle - and in a closed state of the separating device can be arranged directly on the connecting element. In particular in such an embodiment, the separating means can have at least two resistance elements which are spatially arranged between a first and a second connection part in a closed state of the separating device. This ensures that the current flow at the separation points is reduced as quickly as possible after the connection element has been separated from the connection parts.
In einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem eckigen Trennmittel kann auch nur ein Widerstandselement angeordnet sein, das vorteilhafterweise rechteckig gebildet und in einem geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung unmittelbar an dem Verbindungselement angeordnet sein kann.In one embodiment of the separating device with an angular separating means, only one resistance element can be arranged, which is advantageously rectangular and can be arranged directly on the connecting element in a closed state of the separating device.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung zumindest zwei Widerstandselemente aufweisen kann, welche vorzugsweise aus unterschiedlichen Materialien mit einer unterschiedlichen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit gebildet sein können.It is proposed that the separating device can have at least two resistance elements, which can preferably be formed from different materials with different specific electrical conductivity.
Vorzugsweise können die Widerstandselemente dabei unmittelbar nach einer Trennung derart zwischen den Anschlussteilen angeordnet werden, dass eine Stromänderung über die Zeit (di/dt) infolge der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung möglichst gering ist.The resistance elements can preferably be arranged between the connection parts immediately after separation in such a way that a Current change over time (di / dt) as a result of the separation of a live line is as small as possible.
Dies kann im Falle einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem kreisförmigen Trennmittel beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass zwei teilkreisförmig gebildete Widerstandselemente, die sich in ihrer spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit unterscheiden, derart auf dem Trennmittel angeordnet sind, dass nach der Trennung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen den Anschlussteilen und dem Verbindungselement infolge einer Drehung des Trennmittels, eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Anschlussteilen über die beiden Widerstandselemente hergestellt wird, wobei die beiden Widerstandselemente entlang der Bewegungsrichtung des Trennmittels einen Widerstandsgradienten bilden, so dass mit zunehmendem Drehwinkel der elektrische Widerstand zwischen den Anschlussteil zunimmt.In the case of one embodiment of the separating device with a circular separating means, this can be achieved, for example, in that two part-circular resistance elements, which differ in their specific electrical conductivity, are arranged on the separating means in such a way that after the separation of an electrical connection between the connection parts and the connecting element as a result of a rotation of the separating means, an electrical connection is established between the connection parts via the two resistance elements, the two resistance elements forming a resistance gradient along the direction of movement of the separating means, so that the electrical resistance between the connection part increases as the angle of rotation increases.
Im Falle einer Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung mit einem rechteckigen Trennmittel können zwei Widerstandselemente mit einer unterschiedlichen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit vorzugsweise derart angeordnet sein, dass das Widerstandselement mit der höheren spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit nach einer Trennung der Trennvorrichtung zuerst zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Anschlussteil angeordnet sind, bevor dann das Widerstandselement mit der niedrigeren spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Anschlussteilen angeordnet ist. Auch hierdurch wird ein Widerstandsgradient in Bewegungsrichtung des Trennmittels realisiert.In the case of an embodiment of the separating device with a rectangular separating means, two resistance elements with a different specific electrical conductivity can preferably be arranged in such a way that the resistance element with the higher specific electrical conductivity is first arranged between the first and second connection parts after separation of the separating device, before then the resistance element with the lower specific electrical conductivity is arranged between the connection parts. This also realizes a resistance gradient in the direction of movement of the separating means.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass mehr als zwei Widerstandselemente, die sich in ihrer spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit unterscheiden, auf oder an dem Trennmittel, insbesondere in Form einer Beschichtung mit einem Widerstandsmaterial, das einen Widerstandsgradienten bildet, angeordnet sind. Dies ermöglicht eine Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung mit einem in Bewegungsrichtung zunehmenden Widerstand und reduziert dadurch den Stromgradienten und mithin die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung erheblich.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that more than two resistance elements, which differ in their specific electrical conductivity, are arranged on or on the separating means, in particular in the form of a coating with a resistance material that forms a resistance gradient. This enables a current-carrying line to be separated with an increasing resistance in the direction of movement and thereby reduces the current gradient and therefore the likelihood of an arc occurring when a live line is disconnected.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung zumindest zwei elektrisch seriell geschaltete Trennmittel aufweist, wobei die Trennmittel vorzugsweise räumlich voneinander getrennt über Verbindungsmittel miteinander verbunden sind.According to a further exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the separating device have at least two separating means connected electrically in series, wherein the separating means are preferably connected to one another spatially separated from one another via connecting means.
Das Prinzip der Minimierung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung kann dadurch weiter optimiert werden, dass durch eine Erhöhung der Anzahl der Trennstellen - ein im Wesentlichen zeitgleiches Öffnen der Trennstellen vorausgesetzt - die durch die Stromänderung induzierte Spannung auf mehrere Trennstellen aufgeteilt wird.The principle of minimizing the likelihood of an electric arc occurring when a live line is disconnected can be further optimized by increasing the number of disconnection points - assuming that the disconnection points are essentially opened at the same time - dividing the voltage induced by the change in current over several disconnection points becomes.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass in einer parallelen Anordnung ein erstes und zweites Anschlussteil im geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung über zwei Verbindungselemente an einer ersten und zweiten Kontaktstelle sowie einer dritten und vierten Kontaktstelle elektrisch miteinander verbunden - und infolge einer Rotations - oder Translationsbewegung des Trennmittels im Wesentlichen zeitgleich voneinander getrennt werden können.According to a further exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that, in a parallel arrangement, a first and second connection part in the closed state of the separating device is electrically connected to one another via two connecting elements at a first and second contact point and a third and fourth contact point - and as a result of a rotational or translational movement of the separating means can be separated from one another essentially at the same time.
Hierdurch kann das Prinzip der Minimierung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung weiter optimiert werden, da durch die parallele Anordnung zweier Verbindungselemente und ein im Wesentlichen zeitgleiches Öffnen von jeweils zwei parallel angeordneten Trennstellen nicht nur die induzierte Spannung, sondern auch der Stromfluss in jeder der Trennstellen gegenüber nur einer Trennstelle halbiert wird.In this way, the principle of minimizing the probability of an electric arc occurring when a live line is disconnected can be further optimized, since the parallel arrangement of two connecting elements and the essentially simultaneous opening of two parallel disconnection points not only reduce the induced voltage but also the Current flow in each of the separation points is halved compared to only one separation point.
Es versteht sich, dass sämtliche Ausführungsformen und Beispiele einer seriellen Anordnung einer Trennvorrichtung genauso auf eine parallele Anordnung einer Trennvorrichtung übertragbar sind. Dementsprechend kann die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entstehung eines Lichtbogens bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung auch in der parallelen Ausführungsform durch die zusätzliche Integration von Widerstandselementen in Form eines Widerstandsgradienten weiter reduziert werden.It goes without saying that all embodiments and examples of a serial arrangement of a separating device can also be transferred to a parallel arrangement of a separating device. Accordingly, the probability can the formation of an arc when a live line is separated can also be further reduced in the parallel embodiment by the additional integration of resistance elements in the form of a resistance gradient.
Um eine elektrische Isolierung zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trennvorrichtung in einem Gehäuse angeordnet sein kann. So kann erreicht werden, dass bei einer Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung, trotz der Bildung eines Lichtbogens, kein Überschlag auf die Umgebung stattfindet.In order to ensure electrical insulation, it is proposed that the separating device can be arranged in a housing. In this way, it can be achieved that if a current-carrying line is disconnected, despite the formation of an arc, no flashover to the surroundings occurs.
Das Gehäuse kann dabei vorzugsweise aus einem durchschlagsfesten Material mit einer geringen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, insbesondere einem Kunststoff, einer Keramik oder einem Harz gebildet sein.The housing can preferably be formed from a breakdown-proof material with a low specific electrical conductivity, in particular a plastic, a ceramic or a resin.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand ist ein Verfahren zur Trennung nach Anspruch 13.Another subject matter is a method for separation according to claim 13.
Das Verfahren zur Trennung einer Energieleitung kann dabei vorzugsweise derart ausgeführt werden, dass eine Trennung der Trennmittel an zumindest zwei Kontaktstellen im Wesentlichen zeitgleich verläuft.The method for separating a power line can preferably be carried out in such a way that separation of the separating means at at least two contact points takes place essentially simultaneously.
Um die Fahrzeuginsassen eines Kraftfahrzeugs bei einem Unfall zuverlässig und auf zugleich einfache Art und Weise vor einem Kurzschluss einer stromführenden Leitung zu schützen, kann das Verfahren zur Trennung einer Energieleitung, insbesondere das Trennsignal vorzugsweise an das Auslösen eines Airbag-Steuersignals gekoppelt sein.In order to protect the vehicle occupants of a motor vehicle reliably and in a simple manner from a short circuit in a live line in the event of an accident, the method for disconnecting a power line, in particular the disconnection signal, can preferably be coupled to the triggering of an airbag control signal.
Alternativ oder Kumulativ zur Kopplung des gegenständlichen Verfahrens an ein Airbag-Steuersignal, kann das Verfahren auch an das Verhalten anderer Fahrzeugkomponenten, wie beispielsweise an das Verhalten des Gurtstraffers, des Gurtkraftbegrenzers oder des Überrollbügels gekoppelt sein.As an alternative or cumulative to coupling the method in question to an airbag control signal, the method can also be coupled to the behavior of other vehicle components, such as the behavior of the belt tensioner, the belt force limiter or the roll bar.
Insbesondere kann das gegenständliche Verfahren auch an Signale von Crash - oder Aufprallsensoren gekoppelt sein.In particular, the method in question can also be coupled to signals from crash or impact sensors.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Trennsignal von einem Sensor, vorzugsweise einem Reed-Sensor, einem Hall-Sensor oder einem Induktionssensor empfangen wird.According to one exemplary embodiment, it is proposed that the separation signal be received by a sensor, preferably a reed sensor, a Hall sensor or an induction sensor.
Um das Trennsignal störungsfrei und sicher übertragen zu können, kann das Trennsignal vorzugsweise galvanisch von dem Stromkreis getrennt übertragen werden. Dies kann insbesondere dadurch erreicht werden, dass der Sensor elektrisch isoliert beispielsweise an einem Gehäuse der Trennvorrichtung angeordnet ist.In order to be able to transmit the separation signal without interference and safely, the separation signal can preferably be transmitted galvanically separated from the circuit. This can in particular be achieved in that the sensor is arranged in an electrically insulated manner, for example on a housing of the separating device.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Verfahren zur Trennung einer Energieleitung vorgeschlagen, bei dem neben der Trennung einer elektrischen Verbindung, insbesondere im Wesentlichen zeitgleich mit der Trennung einer elektrischen Verbindung eine elektrische Verbindung hergestellt wird, welche die Entladung von gespeicherter elektrischer Energie, insbesondere die Entladung einer Zwischenkreisspannung aus einem Zwischenkreiskondensator ermöglicht.According to a further exemplary embodiment, a method for disconnecting a power line is proposed in which, in addition to disconnecting an electrical connection, in particular essentially simultaneously with disconnecting an electrical connection, an electrical connection is established which enables the discharge of stored electrical energy, in particular the discharge of a Intermediate circuit voltage from an intermediate circuit capacitor allows.
Es ist erkannt worden, dass insbesondere beim Trennen von stromführenden Leitungen der Hochspannungsbordnetze von Elektro - oder Hybridfahrzeugen, welche Zwischenstromkreise mit Zwischenkreiskondensatoren aufweisen, dafür gesorgt werden muss, auch diese Stromkreise bei einer Trennung der stromführenden Leitungen zu entladen, um die Gefährdung der Personen durch Hochspannung zu vermeiden.It has been recognized that, particularly when disconnecting current-carrying lines of the high-voltage vehicle electrical systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, which intermediate circuits have intermediate circuit capacitors, it must be ensured that these circuits are also discharged when the current-carrying lines are disconnected, in order to avoid endangering people from high voltage.
Nachfolgend wird der Gegenstand anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele zeigenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 1b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 1a in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 1c
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem zweiteiligen Trennmittel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 1d
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 1c in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 2a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 2b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 2a in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 3a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer zweistufigen Ausführung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 3b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 3a in einem unmittelbar nach der Trennung liegenden Zustand; - Fig. 3c
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figuren 3a, b in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 4a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer zweistufigen Ausführung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 4b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 4a in einem unmittelbar nach der Trennung liegenden Zustand; - Fig. 4c
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figuren 4a, b in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 5a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer parallelen Anordnung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 5b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 5a in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 6a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer parallelen Anordnung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 6b
- die
Trennvorrichtung gemäß Figur 6a in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 7a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer parallelen Anordnung und einer zweistufigen Ausführung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 7b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 7a in einem unmittelbar nach der Trennung liegenden Zustand; - Fig. 7c
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figuren 7a, b in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 8a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung in einer parallelen Anordnung und einer zweistufigen Ausführung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem geschlossenen Zustand;
- Fig. 8b
- die
Trennvorrichtung gemäß Figur 8a in einem unmittelbar nach der Trennung liegenden Zustand; - Fig. 8c
- die
Trennvorrichtung gemäß Figuren 8a, b in einem geöffneten Zustand; - Fig. 9a
- eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung zur gleichzeitigen Trennung und Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einem Anfangszustand;
- Fig. 9b
- die Trennvorrichtung gemäß
Figur 9a in einem Endzustand;
- Fig. 1a
- a disconnection device for a power line according to a first embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 1b
- the separation device according to
Figure 1a in an open state; - Figure 1c
- a separating device for a power line according to a first embodiment with a two-part separating means in a closed state;
- Fig. 1d
- the separation device according to
Figure 1c in an open state; - Fig. 2a
- a disconnection device for a power line according to a second exemplary embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 2b
- the separation device according to
Figure 2a in an open state; - Fig. 3a
- a separating device for a power line in a two-stage embodiment according to a first embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 3b
- the separation device according to
Figure 3a in a state immediately after separation; - Figure 3c
- the separation device according to
Figures 3a, b in an open state; - Figure 4a
- a separating device for a power line in a two-stage embodiment according to a second embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 4b
- the separation device according to
Figure 4a in a state immediately after separation; - Figure 4c
- the separation device according to
Figures 4a, b in an open state; - Figure 5a
- a disconnecting device for a power line in a parallel arrangement according to a first embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 5b
- the separation device according to
Figure 5a in an open state; - Figure 6a
- a separator for a power line in a parallel arrangement according to a second embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 6b
- the separation device according to
Figure 6a in an open state; - Figure 7a
- a separating device for a power line in a parallel arrangement and a two-stage design according to a first embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 7b
- the separation device according to
Figure 7a in a state immediately after separation; - Figure 7c
- the separation device according to
Figures 7a, b in an open state; - Figure 8a
- a separating device for a power line in a parallel arrangement and a two-stage design according to a second embodiment in a closed state;
- Figure 8b
- the separation device according to
Figure 8a in a state immediately after separation; - Figure 8c
- the separation device according to
Figures 8a, b in an open state; - Figure 9a
- a disconnection device for a power line for simultaneous disconnection and production of an electrical connection according to a first embodiment in an initial state;
- Figure 9b
- the separation device according to
Figure 9a in a final state;
Nach Möglichkeit wurden in den Zeichnungen für gleiche Elemente die gleichen Bezugszeichen verwendet.Wherever possible, the same reference symbols have been used in the drawings for the same elements.
Das Verbindungselement 8 sowie die Anschlussteile 2, 4 können vorzugsweise aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, wie einem Kupferwerkstoff oder einem Aluminiumwerkstoff gebildet sein. Hierbei können die Anschlussteile 2, 4 und das Verbindungselement 8 auch aus unterschiedlichen Materialien gebildet sein.The connecting
Das Verbindungselement 8 kann vorzugsweise als Flachleitung gebildet sein. Es versteht sich, dass gemäß einer anderen Variante anstatt Flachleitungen ebenso Rundleitungen eingesetzt werden können. Gleichwohl kann auch eine Kombination von Rund - und Flachleitungen vorgesehen sein. Das Verbindungselement 8 kann vorzugsweise auf dem Trennmittel 6 angeordnet sein. Das Verbindungselement 8 ist vorzugsweise eine metallische Leiterbahn, die vorzugsweise in einer Nut oder Ausnehmung an dem Trennmittel 6 angeordnet ist.The connecting
Wie in
Die Kontaktstellen 10a, 10b können vorteilhafterweise in Form von Materialverjüngungen aufweisenden Sollbruchstellen gebildet sein. Hierzu können im geschlossenen Zustand der Trennvorrichtung 1 beispielsweise die Materialquerschnitte in den entsprechenden Kontaktbereichen 10a, 10b zwischen den Anschlussteilen 2, 4 und dem Verbindungselement kleiner sein, als an den Anschlussteilen 2, 4 und/oder dem Verbindungelement 8. Vorzugsweise können die Kontaktbereiche 10a, 10b auch aus einem Material gebildet sein, das einerseits eine geringe Materialfestigkeit aufweist, andererseits eine hohe Stromtragfähigkeit besitzt.The contact points 10a, 10b can advantageously be formed in the form of predetermined breaking points having material tapers. For this purpose, in the closed state of the
Die an dem Zündkanal 12 angebrachte Anschlusslasche 12' kann ebenfalls eine Sollbruchstelle aufweisen, die vorzugsweise an der Kontaktstelle zwischen Anschlusslasche 12' und Zündkanal 12 angeordnet sein kann.The
Durch die in
Durch die in
Das Trennmittel 6 sowie der Bolzen 16' können dabei wie in
Die Hauptbewegungsrichtung des Bolzens 16' ist aus
Die Widerstandselemente können vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer geringen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von weniger als 102 S·cm-1, bevorzugt weniger als 10-1 S·cm-1, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 10-4 S·cm-1 gebildet sein. Die Widerstandselemente können, insbesondere gelötet, geklebt oder verschweißt mit dem Trennmittel 6 verbunden sein. Ebenso können die Widerstandselemente auch formschlüssig, insbesondere als Nut-Feder oder Schwalbenschwanzverbindung mit dem Trennmittel 6 verbunden sein. Es können auch mehr als nur zwei Widerstandselemente auf dem Trennmittel 6 angeordnet sein, die vorzugsweise aus verschiedenen Materialien mit jeweils unterschiedlichen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit gebildet sein können.The resistance elements can preferably be formed from a material with a low specific electrical conductivity of less than 10 2 S · cm -1 , preferably less than 10 -1 S · cm -1 , particularly preferably less than 10 -4 S · cm -1 . The resistance elements can be connected to the separating means 6, in particular soldered, glued or welded. Likewise, the resistance elements can also be connected to the separating means 6 in a form-fitting manner, in particular as a tongue and groove or dovetail connection. It is also possible for more than just two resistance elements to be arranged on the separating means 6, which elements can preferably be formed from different materials, each with a different specific electrical conductivity.
Wie bereits erwähnt, können auch mehr als nur zwei Widerstandselemente 18a, b auf dem Trennmittel 6 angeordnet sein, die vorzugsweise aus verschiedenen Materialien mit jeweils unterschiedlichen spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten gebildet sein können. Es ist erkannt worden, dass die Entstehung eines Lichtbogens bei der Trennung einer stromführenden Leitung möglichst effizient dadurch unterbunden werden kann, dass Widerstandselemente einen Widerstandgradienten in Bewegungsrichtung bildend auf dem Trennmittel 6 angeordnet sind. Durch diese Art der Anordnung kann anstatt einer abrupten Trennung einer Energieleitung eine sanftere Trennung einer Energieleitung realisiert werden, bei der ein geringerer Stromgradient vorliegt, was der Entstehung von Lichtbögen entgegenwirkt.As already mentioned, more than just two
Die beiden teilkreisförmigen Bereiche aus den
Durch die in den
Die
Es versteht sich, dass auch in der Ausführungsform gemäß den
Die
Die Verbindungselemente 8a, b können vorzugsweise als Flachleiter gebildet sein. Es versteht sich jedoch, dass die Verbindungselemente 8a, b auch als Rundleiter gebildet sein können. Vorzugsweise können die Verbindungselemente 8a, b im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sein und im Wesentlichen dieselbe Länge und denselben Querschnitt aufweisen. Zudem können die beiden Verbindungselemente 8a, b vorteilhafterweise aus demselben Material gebildet sein.The connecting
Mit der in
In den
Mit Hilfe der in den
Ferner ist den
Zusätzlich zum Trennen der Verbindungselemente vom ersten und zweiten Anschlussteil im ersten Stromkreis wird das dritte Verbindungselement 8c durch die Bewegung derart verschoben, dass es im Wesentlichen zeitgleich eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten Anschlussteil und dem zweiten Stromkreis herstellt. Somit liegen gemäß dem Endzustand - wie aus
Durch die in den
Es versteht sich, dass eine Trennvorrichtung für eine Energieleitung 1 zur gleichzeitigen Trennung und Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung ebenso über eine Kombination eines zweiten Stromkreises mit jeder anderen Ausführungsform einer der hier vorgestellten Trennvorrichtungen gebildet sein kann, vorausgesetzt, dass in einem Anfangszustand einer der beiden Stromkreise geschlossen ist, wohingegen der andere Stromkreis geöffnet ist und in einem darauf folgenden Endzustand der vorher geöffnete Stromkreis geschlossen ist, wohingegen der vorher geschlossene Stromkreis nun in einem geöffneten Zustand ist.It goes without saying that a disconnection device for a
Claims (14)
- Disconnecting device for a power line (1), comprising- at least one disconnecting means (6) which is spatially arranged between a first and a second connector (4) (2, 4) when the disconnecting device is in a closed state, and which disconnecting means (6) is moveable between a closed position and an open position,- the disconnecting means (6) having at least one connecting element (8) forming an electrical connection between the connectors (2,4) when the disconnecting device is in the closed state,- wherein the connecting element (8) is electrically connected to the first connector (2) via a first contact point (10a) and to the second connector (4) via a second contact point (10b) when the disconnecting device is in the closed state, wherein- the disconnecting means (6) is arranged in such a way that, when the disconnecting device is in an open state, a breakdown voltage between the first and the second connector (2, 4) is greater than between the first connector (2) and the first contact point (10a) of the connecting element (8) and/or between the second connector (4) and the second contact point (10b) of the connecting element (8)
characterized in that- the disconnecting means (6) is coated with at least two resistor elements (18a, 18b) which have different specific conductivities and form a resistance gradient, wherein the resistor elements (18a, b) immediately after the disconnection, are arranged between the connectors (2, 4), thereby electrically connecting the connectors (2, 4). - Disconnecting device according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the connecting element (8) is arranged on the disconnecting means (6) in such a way that a disconnection takes place at at least two contact points (10a, b) at substantially the same time. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting means (6) can be moved between an open and closed state of the disconnecting device in a translational and/or rotational manner. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting means (6) comprises a catch tab which holds the disconnecting means (6) in position when the disconnecting device is in the closed state. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting device comprises a disconnecting means (6) controlled by compressed air, preferably a disconnecting means (6) which is controlled pyrotechnically. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
in a final state of the disconnecting device, the disconnecting means (6) is arranged in such a way that the breakdown voltage between the first and the second connector (2, 4) is the same as or less than between the first connector (2) and the first contact point (10a) of the connecting element (8) and/or between the second connector (4) and the second contact point (10b) of the connecting element (8). - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting means (6) comprises at least one isolation element which is spatially arranged between the first and the second connector (2, 4) when the disconnecting device is in an open state. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the isolation element is formed from an isolation material having a dielectric strength of at least more than 5 kV/mm, preferably more than 20 kV/mm, particularly preferably more than 50 kV/mm. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the isolation element is formed from an isolation material having a specific electric conductivity of at least less than 10-5 S·cm-1, preferably less than 10-10 S·cm-1, particularly preferably less than 10-15 S·cm-1. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the resistor elements (18a, b) are formed from a material having a specific electric conductivity of at least less than 102 S·cm-1, preferably less than 10-1 S·cm-1, particularly preferably less than 10-4 S·cm-1. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting means (6) comprises at least two resistor elements (18a, b) which are preferably formed from different materials having a different specific electric conductivity. - Disconnecting device according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the disconnecting device comprises at least two disconnecting means (6) electrically connected in series, the disconnecting means (6), which are spatially separated from one another, preferably being interconnected by connecting means. - Method for disconnecting a power line (1), comprising:- receiving at least one disconnecting signal,- triggering at least one signal in such a way that- the electrical connection between a connecting element (8) arranged on a disconnecting means (6) and a first connector (2) at a first contact point (10a) and between the connecting element (8) and a second connector (4) at a second contact point (10b) is disconnected by the movement of the disconnecting means (6) from a closed position to an open position in such a way that- the breakdown voltage between the first and the second connector (2, 4) when the disconnecting device is in the disconnected state is greater than between the first connector (2) and the first contact point (10a) of the connecting element (8) and/or between the second connector (4) and the second contact point (10b) of the connecting element (8)
characterized in that- the disconnecting means (6) is coated with at least two resistor elements (18a, 18b) which have different specific conductivities and form a resistance gradient, wherein the resistor elements (18a, b)are arranged between the connectors (2, 4) immediately after the disconnection. - Method for disconnecting a power line (1) according to claim 13,
characterised in that
in addition to the disconnection of an electrical connection, at substantially the same time as the disconnection of an electrical connection, an electrical connection is made which makes it possible to discharge stored electrical energy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016113156.3A DE102016113156B4 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2016-07-18 | Separating device for a power line and method for separating a power line |
PCT/EP2017/059105 WO2018015032A1 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2017-04-18 | Disconnection device for a power supply line and method for disconnecting a power supply line |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3485502A1 EP3485502A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
EP3485502B1 true EP3485502B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
Family
ID=58640836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17720031.8A Active EP3485502B1 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2017-04-18 | Separating device for an energy lead and method for separating an energy lead |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10475609B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3485502B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109564837B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016113156B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2826479T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2019000709A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018015032A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB2576728A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-04 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Pyrotechnic switch |
CN112447465A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-05 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | Multi-fracture excitation fuse adopting rotating structure |
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NL159524B (en) | 1975-04-02 | 1979-02-15 | Hazemeijer Bv | ELECTRICAL SWITCH, SPARK GAP OR THE LIKE FITTED WITH AN ARC EXTINGUISHING DEVICE WITH SPIRAL OR SCREW-CURVED ARC FOOT GUIDES. |
FR2618251B1 (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1989-11-17 | Merlin Gerin | ROTARY SWITCH WITH MIGRATION CURVE TRACK OF AN ARC ROOT. |
US5581192A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
FR2931290A1 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-20 | Areva T & D Sa | ELECTRIC DISCONNECT SWITCH OF MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE |
EP2355229A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | Fortu Intellectual Property AG | High voltage battery system and method for controlling same |
CN201780900U (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-03-30 | 施宁 | Rotary make-and-break mechanism with arc extinguishing function |
US8773235B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-07-08 | General Electric Company | Electrical switch and circuit breaker |
JP6200145B2 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2017-09-20 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Ceramic, graded resistivity monolith using the ceramic, and manufacturing method |
DE102012212509B4 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2014-03-20 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Circuit breaker for the protection of electrical components against overcurrent by means of explosive separation charge |
US8822852B2 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-09-02 | Solteam Electronics Co., Ltd. | Multi-level rotary switch |
EP2811548B1 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2017-08-09 | Autoliv Development AB | Battery module disconnect arrangement |
FR3023234B1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2018-07-20 | Autoliv Dev | PYROTECHNIC SWITCH |
DE102014109405A1 (en) | 2014-07-04 | 2016-01-07 | Lion Smart Gmbh | Electrical switching device for an energy storage of an electric vehicle |
-
2016
- 2016-07-18 DE DE102016113156.3A patent/DE102016113156B4/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-04-18 WO PCT/EP2017/059105 patent/WO2018015032A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2017-04-18 CN CN201780044781.6A patent/CN109564837B/en active Active
- 2017-04-18 MX MX2019000709A patent/MX2019000709A/en unknown
- 2017-04-18 ES ES17720031T patent/ES2826479T3/en active Active
- 2017-04-18 US US16/318,528 patent/US10475609B2/en active Active
- 2017-04-18 EP EP17720031.8A patent/EP3485502B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2019000709A (en) | 2019-10-07 |
US20190244777A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
EP3485502A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
US10475609B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
ES2826479T3 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
CN109564837B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
WO2018015032A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
DE102016113156A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
DE102016113156B4 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
CN109564837A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
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