EP3479046B1 - Thermal battery with phase-change material - Google Patents

Thermal battery with phase-change material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3479046B1
EP3479046B1 EP17733505.6A EP17733505A EP3479046B1 EP 3479046 B1 EP3479046 B1 EP 3479046B1 EP 17733505 A EP17733505 A EP 17733505A EP 3479046 B1 EP3479046 B1 EP 3479046B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal battery
change material
hollow fibers
thermal
fluid
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EP17733505.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3479046A1 (en
Inventor
Kamel Azzouz
Michael LISSNER
Julien Tissot
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of thermal batteries and more precisely to thermal batteries comprising a phase change material.
  • a thermal battery according to claim 1 is known from document EP 1 156 293 A2 .
  • Thermal batteries are generally used for heating the passenger compartment, in particular in electric and hybrid vehicles, or else for preheating a heat transfer fluid in a thermal management circuit. Thermal batteries can also be used for preheating engine oil or gearbox oil in an automatic transmission of vehicles with internal combustion engines.
  • the figure 1 shows a thermal battery 1 with phase change material 5 of the prior art.
  • This heat battery comprises a wall 100 forming an enclosure inside which is placed the phase change material 5.
  • Flat tubes 70 in which a fluid circulates between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, are placed at the bottom. interior of the enclosure within the phase change material 5.
  • the flat tubes 70 form a stack and fins 72 are placed between said flat tubes 70.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to at least partially remedy the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an improved thermal battery.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a thermal battery comprising a wall forming an enclosure comprising within it a phase change material, said enclosure comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, said fluid inlet and outlet being interconnected by a bundle of hollow fibers for the circulation of the fluid, said phase change material being present between said hollow fibers.
  • thermo battery is more efficient because there are no or few zones within the enclosure of the thermal battery where the phase change material is removed from a hollow fiber.
  • the hollow fibers are made of a polymer material.
  • the hollow fibers are distributed throughout the volume of said enclosure in a disordered manner.
  • the hollow fibers have a diameter of between 0.4 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6 mm.
  • the hollow fibers have a wall thickness of between 0.025 and 0.1 mm.
  • the bundle of hollow fibers comprises a number of hollow fibers greater than one thousand.
  • said thermal battery comprises on the same section, a density of hollow fibers of between 0.5 and 1.5 million per m 2 , preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 million per m 2 .
  • the figure 2 shows a thermal battery 1 according to the invention, comprising a wall 100 forming an enclosure comprising within it a phase change material 5.
  • the phase change material 5 fills said enclosure and it can in particular be selected from among the change materials phase 5 having a transition temperature between -10 and 110 ° C. More particularly, this temperature may be between 50 ° C and 80 ° C for a thermal coil 1 intended to store heat, between 20 and 40 ° C for a thermal coil intended to improve thermal management of electric coils, or between - 10 and 25 ° C for a thermal battery 1 intended to store cold.
  • the phase change material 5 may have a latent heat of between 100 and 300 kJ / kg.
  • the wall 100 of the enclosure can be made of metal or of a polymer material. Said wall 100 may also include a thermally insulating outer casing.
  • the enclosure of the thermal battery 1 comprises a fluid inlet 3a and a fluid outlet 3b interconnected by a bundle of hollow fibers 7.
  • the bundle of hollow fibers 7 passes through the phase change material 5 so that said bundle phase change material 5 is present between the hollow fibers 7.
  • the thermal coil 1 is more efficient because there are no or few zones within the enclosure of the thermal coil 1 where the phase change material 5 is remote from a hollow fiber 7
  • the diffusion of heat energy between the fluid and the phase change material 5 can be slowed down by the thermal conductivity inherent in said phase change material 5.
  • the thicker a phase change material 5 is. the longer the diffusion of heat energy over this entire thickness.
  • the hollow fibers 7 are preferably made of a polymer material, for example of poly-propylene (PP), poly-carbonate (PC) or else of poly-amide (PA). This makes it possible in particular to have hollow fibers 7 impermeable to the fluid passing through them. In addition, these materials allow, for fine diameters, to have flexible hollow fibers 7 which makes it possible to place the hollow fibers 7 anywhere in the enclosure of the thermal battery 1.
  • the hollow fibers 7 are distributed over the entire volume of said enclosure in a disordered manner.
  • hollow fibers 7 made of polymer material also makes it possible to reduce the weight of the thermal battery 1 compared to a thermal battery 1 of the prior art using a bundle of metal tubes 70 with fins 72 also made of metal.
  • the thermal battery 1 can in particular comprise, on the same section, a density of hollow fibers 7 of between 0.5 and 1.5 million per m 2 , preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 million per m 2 .
  • the hollow fibers 7 have a length greater than the distance separating the fluid inlet 3a and the fluid outlet 3b. From the fluid inlet 3a to the fluid outlet 3B, a hollow fiber 7 has a sinuous path and can pass several times through the same section within the enclosure of the thermal battery 1.
  • the hollow fibers 7 have a diameter D of between 0.4 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6 mm.
  • the hollow fibers 7 also have a wall thickness e of between 0.025 and 0.1 mm. These dimensions mean that the internal diameter d of the hollow fibers 7 remains large in relation to their size. These dimensions make it possible more particularly to multiply the number of hollow fibers 7 within the enclosure of the thermal battery 1, generally above one thousand, and also to increase the exchange surface between the phase change material 5 and the fluid.
  • the heat transfer coefficient of the hollow fibers 7 made of polymer material can reach values greater than 2100 W / m 2 K for heat transfer between two fluids.
  • the total passage section for the fluid may be of the order of 600 mm 2 .
  • the internal exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the fluid, or in this case the total internal surface of the flat tubes 70) can be of the order of 0.26 m 2 .
  • the external exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the phase change material 5, or in this case the total external surface of the flat tubes 70 combined with that of the fins 72) can be as for it of the order of 2.7 m 2 .
  • the number of hollow fibers 7 can be of the order of 8000.
  • the total passage section for the fluid can then be of the order of 1300 mm 2 .
  • the internal heat exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the fluid, or in the present case the total internal surface of the hollow fibers 7) can for its part be of the order of 2.1 m 2 .
  • the external exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the phase change material 5, or in this case the total external surface of the hollow fibers 7) can also be of the order of 2.7 m 2 .
  • the thermal coil 1 of the prior art requires the use of fins 72 to increase the external exchange surface and the thermal transfer.
  • fins 72 For the thermal coil 1 according to the invention, it is not necessary to use fins to achieve an equivalent external exchange surface. This makes it possible to reduce the weight of the thermal battery 1 and also to reduce the production costs.
  • the total passage section for the fluid is increased compared to a thermal battery 1 of the prior art, which greatly limits the pressure losses associated with the use of a thermal battery 1 according to the invention.
  • This reduction in pressure drops allows in particular the use of a pump or a less powerful compressor, therefore smaller and more economical, than for a thermal coil 1 of the prior art, in order to circulate the fluid.
  • the thermal battery 1 makes it possible in particular to avoid a step of manufacturing a bundle of tubes 70 with fins 72, for example by brazing.
  • the bundle of hollow fibers 7 is simply arranged in the enclosure of said thermal battery 1 so that the hollow fibers 7 are arranged in a disorderly manner in said enclosure.
  • the fluid circulating within the bundle of hollow fibers 7 can for example be a coolant for the cooling system of a heat engine, for thermal management of intake air, thermal management of electric batteries, one or more electric motors, a thermal management system for the passenger compartment such as for example an air conditioning unit, or even engine or transmission oil.
  • the thermal coil 1 can take various shapes, such as for example cylindrical as on the figure 4 , parallelepiped or even more complex shapes comprising elbows or truncated areas as illustrated on the figures 2 or 5 .
  • This flexibility in the possible shapes of the thermal battery 1 makes it possible to adapt the shape of the thermal battery 1 to the places where it is intended to be installed in the motor vehicle, for example at the level of the wheel arches, under the bumper. or even under traffic lights.
  • the fluid inlet 3a and outlet 3b can be positioned wherever it suits them depending on the shape and location of the thermal battery 1 in the motor vehicle.
  • the thermal battery 1 according to the invention is more efficient and easier to integrate into the motor vehicle due to the use of a bundle of hollow fibers 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de batteries thermiques et plus précisément les batteries thermiques comportant un matériau à changement de phase. Une batterie thermique selon la revendication 1 est connue du document EP 1 156 293 A2 .The present invention relates to the field of thermal batteries and more precisely to thermal batteries comprising a phase change material. A thermal battery according to claim 1 is known from document EP 1 156 293 A2 .

Les batteries thermiques sont généralement utilisées pour le chauffage de l'habitacle, notamment dans des véhicules électriques et hybrides ou alors pour le préchauffage d'un fluide caloporteur dans un circuit de gestion thermique. Les batteries thermiques peuvent également être utilisées pour le préchauffage de l'huile moteur ou de l'huile de boite d'une transmission automatique de véhicules à moteur à combustion interne.Thermal batteries are generally used for heating the passenger compartment, in particular in electric and hybrid vehicles, or else for preheating a heat transfer fluid in a thermal management circuit. Thermal batteries can also be used for preheating engine oil or gearbox oil in an automatic transmission of vehicles with internal combustion engines.

La figure 1 montre une batterie thermique 1 à matériau à changement de phase 5 de l'art antérieur. Cette batterie thermique comporte une paroi 100 formant une enceinte à l'intérieur de laquelle est placé le matériau à changement de phase 5. Des tubes plats 70, dans lesquelles circule un fluide entre une entrée et une sortie de fluide, sont placés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte au sein du matériau à changement de phase 5. Les tubes plats 70 forment un empilement et des ailettes 72 sont placées entre lesdits tubes plats 70.The figure 1 shows a thermal battery 1 with phase change material 5 of the prior art. This heat battery comprises a wall 100 forming an enclosure inside which is placed the phase change material 5. Flat tubes 70, in which a fluid circulates between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, are placed at the bottom. interior of the enclosure within the phase change material 5. The flat tubes 70 form a stack and fins 72 are placed between said flat tubes 70.

Cependant, pour ce genre de batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur, le recours à des tubes plats 70 et des ailettes 72 en métal est néfaste pour la masse totale de la batterie thermique. De plus, même avec la présence des ailettes 72, la diffusion thermique et le transfert thermique entre le fluide et le matériau à changement de phase 5 peut ne pas être optimal. En effet, c'est le pas d'ailette 72 qui conditionne le transfert thermique du fait de la distance maximale pouvant exister entre une ailette 72 et le matériau à changement de phase 5.However, for this type of thermal battery 1 of the prior art, the use of flat tubes 70 and metal fins 72 is detrimental to the total mass of the thermal battery. In addition, even with the presence of the fins 72, thermal diffusion and heat transfer between the fluid and the phase change material 5 may not be optimal. Indeed, it is the fin pitch 72 which conditions the heat transfer due to the maximum distance that may exist between a fin 72 and the phase change material 5.

Un des buts de la présente invention est donc de remédier au moins partiellement aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur et de proposer une batterie thermique améliorée.One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to at least partially remedy the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an improved thermal battery.

La présente invention concerne donc une batterie thermique comportant une paroi formant une enceinte comprenant en son sein un matériau à changement de phase, ladite enceinte comportant une entrée de fluide et une sortie de fluide, lesdites entrée et sortie de fluide étant reliées entre-elles par un faisceau de fibres creuses destiné à la circulation du fluide, ledit matériau à changement de phase étant présent entre lesdites fibres creuses.The present invention therefore relates to a thermal battery comprising a wall forming an enclosure comprising within it a phase change material, said enclosure comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, said fluid inlet and outlet being interconnected by a bundle of hollow fibers for the circulation of the fluid, said phase change material being present between said hollow fibers.

Le fait d'utiliser des fibres creuses pour la circulation du fluide au sein de la batterie thermique permet notamment d'homogénéiser la distribution des fibres creuses et donc d'homogénéiser la circulation du fluide au travers du matériau à changement de phase. De ce fait, la batterie thermique est plus performante car il n'y a pas ou peu de zones au sein de l'enceinte de la batterie thermique où le matériau à changement de phase est éloigné d'une fibre creuse.The fact of using hollow fibers for the circulation of the fluid within the thermal battery makes it possible in particular to homogenize the distribution of the hollow fibers and therefore to homogenize the circulation of the fluid through the phase change material. As a result, the thermal battery is more efficient because there are no or few zones within the enclosure of the thermal battery where the phase change material is removed from a hollow fiber.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, les fibres creuses sont en matériau polymère.According to one aspect of the invention, the hollow fibers are made of a polymer material.

Selon l'invention, les fibres creuses se repartissent dans l'ensemble du volume de ladite enceinte de façon désordonnée.According to the invention, the hollow fibers are distributed throughout the volume of said enclosure in a disordered manner.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les fibres creuses ont un diamètre compris entre 0,4 et 1 mm, notamment entre 0,4 et 0,6 mm.According to another aspect of the invention, the hollow fibers have a diameter of between 0.4 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6 mm.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les fibres creuses ont une épaisseur de paroi comprise entre 0,025 et 0,1 mm.According to another aspect of the invention, the hollow fibers have a wall thickness of between 0.025 and 0.1 mm.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le faisceau de fibres creuses comporte un nombre de fibres creuses supérieur à mille.According to another aspect of the invention, the bundle of hollow fibers comprises a number of hollow fibers greater than one thousand.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, ladite batterie thermique comporte sur une même section, une densité de fibres creuses comprise entre 0,5 et 1,5 million par m2, de préférence entre 0,8 et 1,2 million par m2.According to another aspect of the invention, said thermal battery comprises on the same section, a density of hollow fibers of between 0.5 and 1.5 million per m 2 , preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 million per m 2 .

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre une représentation schématique d'une batterie thermique de l'art antérieur en perspective, en coupe,
  • la figure 2 montre une représentation schématique d'une batterie thermique en coupe et en vue de côté,
  • la figure 3 montre une représentation schématique d'une fibre creuse en coupe,
  • les figures 4 et 5 montrent des représentations de batteries thermiques selon différent modes de réalisation.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description, given by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, and the appended drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a thermal battery of the prior art in perspective, in section,
  • the figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a thermal battery in section and in side view,
  • the figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a hollow fiber in section,
  • the figures 4 and 5 show representations of thermal batteries according to different embodiments.

Sur les différentes figures, les éléments identiques portent les mêmes numéros de référence.In the various figures, identical elements bear the same reference numbers.

Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées pour fournir d'autres réalisations.The following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, or that the characteristics apply only to one embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments can also be combined to provide other embodiments.

La figure 2 montre une batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention, comportant une paroi 100 formant une enceinte comprenant en son sein un matériau à changement de phase 5. Le matériau à changement de phase 5 rempli ladite enceinte et il peut notamment être sélectionné parmi les matériaux à changement de phase 5 ayant une température de transition comprise entre -10 et 110 °C. Plus particulièrement, cette température peut être comprise entre 50 °C et 80 °C pour une batterie thermique 1 destinée à stocker de la chaleur, comprise entre 20 et 40 °C pour une batterie thermique destinée à améliorer la gestion thermique des batteries électriques, ou comprise entre - 10 et 25 °C pour une batterie thermique 1 destinée à stocker du froid. Afin de garantir une grande capacité de stockage d'énergie, le matériau à changement de phase 5 peut avoir une chaleur latente comprise entre 100 et 300 kJ/kg.The figure 2 shows a thermal battery 1 according to the invention, comprising a wall 100 forming an enclosure comprising within it a phase change material 5. The phase change material 5 fills said enclosure and it can in particular be selected from among the change materials phase 5 having a transition temperature between -10 and 110 ° C. More particularly, this temperature may be between 50 ° C and 80 ° C for a thermal coil 1 intended to store heat, between 20 and 40 ° C for a thermal coil intended to improve thermal management of electric coils, or between - 10 and 25 ° C for a thermal battery 1 intended to store cold. In order to ensure a large energy storage capacity, the phase change material 5 may have a latent heat of between 100 and 300 kJ / kg.

La paroi 100 de l'enceinte peut être réalisée en métal ou en matériau polymère. Ladite paroi 100 peut également comporter une enveloppe extérieure thermiquement isolante.The wall 100 of the enclosure can be made of metal or of a polymer material. Said wall 100 may also include a thermally insulating outer casing.

L'enceinte de la batterie thermique 1 comporte une entrée de fluide 3a et une sortie de fluide 3b reliées entre-elles par un faisceau de fibres creuses 7. Le faisceau de fibres creuses 7 traverse le matériau à changement de phase 5 de sorte que ledit matériau à changement de phase 5 est présent entre les fibres creuses 7.The enclosure of the thermal battery 1 comprises a fluid inlet 3a and a fluid outlet 3b interconnected by a bundle of hollow fibers 7. The bundle of hollow fibers 7 passes through the phase change material 5 so that said bundle phase change material 5 is present between the hollow fibers 7.

Le fait d'utiliser des fibres creuses 7 pour la circulation du fluide au sein de la batterie thermique 1 permet notamment d'homogénéiser la distribution des fibres creuses 7 et donc d'homogénéiser la circulation du fluide au travers du matériau à changement de phase 5. De ce fait, la batterie thermique 1 est plus performante car il n'y a pas ou peu de zones au sein de l'enceinte de la batterie thermique 1 où le matériau à changement de phase 5 est éloigné d'une fibre creuse 7. En effet, la diffusion de l'énergie calorifique entre le fluide et le matériau à changement de phase 5 peut être ralenti par la conductivité thermique propre dudit matériau à changement de phase 5. Ainsi, plus un matériau à changement de phase 5 est épais plus la diffusion de l'énergie calorifique sur toute cette épaisseur est longue.The fact of using hollow fibers 7 for the circulation of the fluid within the thermal battery 1 makes it possible in particular to homogenize the distribution of the hollow fibers 7 and therefore to homogenize the circulation of the fluid through the phase change material 5 As a result, the thermal coil 1 is more efficient because there are no or few zones within the enclosure of the thermal coil 1 where the phase change material 5 is remote from a hollow fiber 7 In fact, the diffusion of heat energy between the fluid and the phase change material 5 can be slowed down by the thermal conductivity inherent in said phase change material 5. Thus, the thicker a phase change material 5 is. the longer the diffusion of heat energy over this entire thickness.

Les fibres creuses 7 sont de préférence réalisées en matériau polymère, par exemple en poly-propylene (PP), poly-carbonate (PC) ou encore en poly-amide (PA). Cela permet notamment d'avoir des fibres creuses 7 imperméables au fluide les traversant. De plus ces matériaux permettent, pour des diamètres fins, d'avoir des fibres creuses 7 souples ce qui permet de placer les fibres creuses 7 n'importe où dans l'enceinte de la batterie thermique 1. Les fibres creuses 7 se répartissent dans l'ensemble du volume de ladite enceinte de façon désordonnée.The hollow fibers 7 are preferably made of a polymer material, for example of poly-propylene (PP), poly-carbonate (PC) or else of poly-amide (PA). This makes it possible in particular to have hollow fibers 7 impermeable to the fluid passing through them. In addition, these materials allow, for fine diameters, to have flexible hollow fibers 7 which makes it possible to place the hollow fibers 7 anywhere in the enclosure of the thermal battery 1. The hollow fibers 7 are distributed over the entire volume of said enclosure in a disordered manner.

L'utilisation de fibres creuses 7 en matériau polymère permet également de diminuer le poids de la batterie thermique 1 par rapport à une batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur utilisant un faisceau de tubes 70 métallique avec des ailettes 72 également en métal.The use of hollow fibers 7 made of polymer material also makes it possible to reduce the weight of the thermal battery 1 compared to a thermal battery 1 of the prior art using a bundle of metal tubes 70 with fins 72 also made of metal.

La batterie thermique 1 peut notamment comprendre, sur une même section, une densité de fibres creuses 7 comprise entre 0,5 et 1,5 million par m2, de préférence entre 0,8 et 1,2 million par m2. Pour obtenir une telle densité, les fibres creuses 7 ont une longueur supérieure à la distance séparant l'entrée de fluide 3a et la sortie de fluide 3b. Depuis l'entrée de fluide 3a vers la sortie de fluide 3B, une fibre creuse 7 a un parcours sinueux et peut passer plusieurs fois par une même section au sein de l'enceinte de la batterie thermique 1.The thermal battery 1 can in particular comprise, on the same section, a density of hollow fibers 7 of between 0.5 and 1.5 million per m 2 , preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 million per m 2 . To obtain such a density, the hollow fibers 7 have a length greater than the distance separating the fluid inlet 3a and the fluid outlet 3b. From the fluid inlet 3a to the fluid outlet 3B, a hollow fiber 7 has a sinuous path and can pass several times through the same section within the enclosure of the thermal battery 1.

Comme illustré à la figure 3, les fibres creuses 7 ont un diamètre D compris entre 0,4 et 1 mm, notamment entre 0,4 et 0,6 mm. Les fibres creuses 7 ont également une épaisseur de paroi e comprise entre 0,025 et 0,1 mm. Ces dimensions font que le diamètre interne d des fibres creuses 7 reste important par rapport à leur taille. Ces dimensions permettent plus particulièrement de multiplier le nombre de fibres creuses 7 au sein de l'enceinte de la batterie thermique 1, généralement au dessus de mille, et également d'augmenter la surface d'échange entre le matériau à changement de phase 5 et le fluide.As shown in figure 3 , the hollow fibers 7 have a diameter D of between 0.4 and 1 mm, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6 mm. The hollow fibers 7 also have a wall thickness e of between 0.025 and 0.1 mm. These dimensions mean that the internal diameter d of the hollow fibers 7 remains large in relation to their size. These dimensions make it possible more particularly to multiply the number of hollow fibers 7 within the enclosure of the thermal battery 1, generally above one thousand, and also to increase the exchange surface between the phase change material 5 and the fluid.

De plus pour diverses vitesses de circulation du fluide, plus le diamètre D est faible, plus le coefficient de transfert thermique est important. Pour les dimensions décrites ci-dessus, le coefficient de transfert thermique des fibres creuses 7 en matériau polymère peut atteindre des valeurs supérieures à 2100 W/m2K pour un transfert thermique entre deux fluides.In addition, for various fluid circulation speeds, the smaller the diameter D, the greater the heat transfer coefficient. For the dimensions described above, the heat transfer coefficient of the hollow fibers 7 made of polymer material can reach values greater than 2100 W / m 2 K for heat transfer between two fluids.

Pour une batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur, illustrée à la figure 1, composée d'un empilement d'une vingtaine de tubes plats 70 en aluminium et ayant un taux de remplissage en matériau à changement de phase 5 au sein de l'enceinte de l'ordre de 80 %, la section totale de passage pour le fluide peut être de l'ordre de 600 mm2.For a thermal battery 1 of the prior art, illustrated in figure 1 , composed of a stack of about twenty flat aluminum tubes 70 and having a filling rate of phase change material 5 within the enclosure of the order of 80%, the total passage section for the fluid may be of the order of 600 mm 2 .

Pour cette même batterie 1 de l'art antérieur, la surface d'échange interne (c'est-à-dire la surface en contact direct avec le fluide, soit dans le cas présent la surface interne totale des tubes plats 70) peut être de l'ordre de 0,26 m2. La surface d'échange externe (c'est-à-dire la surface en contact direct avec le matériau à changement de phase 5, soit dans le cas présent la surface externe totale des tubes plats 70 cumulée à celle des ailettes 72) peut être quant à elle de l'ordre de 2,7 m2.For this same battery 1 of the prior art, the internal exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the fluid, or in this case the total internal surface of the flat tubes 70) can be of the order of 0.26 m 2 . The external exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the phase change material 5, or in this case the total external surface of the flat tubes 70 combined with that of the fins 72) can be as for it of the order of 2.7 m 2 .

Pour une batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention, par exemple illustrée à la figure 2, ayant un même volume interne que la batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur et ayant également un taux de remplissage en matériau à changement de phase 5 au sein de l'enceinte également de l'ordre de 80 %, le nombre de fibres creuses 7 peut être de l'ordre de 8000. La section totale de passage pour le fluide peut être alors de l'ordre de 1300 mm2.For a thermal battery 1 according to the invention, for example illustrated in figure 2 , having the same internal volume as the thermal battery 1 of the prior art and also having a filling rate of phase change material 5 within the enclosure also of the order of 80%, the number of hollow fibers 7 can be of the order of 8000. The total passage section for the fluid can then be of the order of 1300 mm 2 .

La surface d'échange interne (c'est-à-dire la surface en contact direct avec le fluide, soit dans le cas présent la surface interne totale des fibres creuses 7) peut être quant à elle de l'ordre de 2,1 m2. La surface d'échange externe (c'est-à-dire la surface en contact direct avec le matériau à changement de phase 5, soit dans le cas présent la surface externe totale des fibres creuses 7) peut être également de l'ordre de 2,7 m2.The internal heat exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the fluid, or in the present case the total internal surface of the hollow fibers 7) can for its part be of the order of 2.1 m 2 . The external exchange surface (that is to say the surface in direct contact with the phase change material 5, or in this case the total external surface of the hollow fibers 7) can also be of the order of 2.7 m 2 .

Ainsi, du fait de l'utilisation de fibres creuses 7, et de leur nombre élevé, on a une meilleure surface d'échange entre le fluide et le matériau à changement de phase 5 notamment du fait d'une surface d'échange interne plus importante. Cette surface d'échange interne peut par exemple être multipliée par 10 par rapport à une batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur. Le fluide bénéficie donc d'une surface d'échange « directe » plus importante avec le matériau à changement de phase 5 et ne passe pas par une surface d'échange « indirecte » comme les ailettes 72 qui ne font que conduire l'énergie calorifique des tubes plats 70.Thus, due to the use of hollow fibers 7, and their high number, there is a better exchange surface between the fluid and the phase change material 5 in particular due to a more internal exchange surface. important. This internal exchange surface can for example be multiplied by 10 compared to a thermal battery 1 of the prior art. The fluid therefore benefits from a greater "direct" exchange surface with the phase change material 5 and does not pass by an "indirect" exchange surface such as the fins 72 which only conduct the heat energy of the flat tubes 70.

De plus, la batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur nécessite l'utilisation d'ailettes 72 pour augmenter la surface d'échange externe et le transfert thermique. Pour la batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention, il n'est pas nécessaire d'utiliser d'ailettes pour atteindre une surface d'échange externe équivalente. Cela permet de diminuer le poids de la batterie thermique 1 et également de diminuer les coûts de production.In addition, the thermal coil 1 of the prior art requires the use of fins 72 to increase the external exchange surface and the thermal transfer. For the thermal coil 1 according to the invention, it is not necessary to use fins to achieve an equivalent external exchange surface. This makes it possible to reduce the weight of the thermal battery 1 and also to reduce the production costs.

Toujours du fait de l'utilisation de fibre creuses 7 et de leur grand nombre, la section totale de passage pour le fluide est augmentée par rapport à une batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur, ce qui limite fortement les pertes de charges liées à l'utilisation d'une batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention. Cette diminution des pertes de charges permet notamment l'utilisation d'une pompe ou d'un compresseur moins puissant, donc plus petit et plus économique, que pour une batterie thermique 1 de l'art antérieur, afin de faire circuler le fluide.Still due to the use of hollow fibers 7 and their large number, the total passage section for the fluid is increased compared to a thermal battery 1 of the prior art, which greatly limits the pressure losses associated with the use of a thermal battery 1 according to the invention. This reduction in pressure drops allows in particular the use of a pump or a less powerful compressor, therefore smaller and more economical, than for a thermal coil 1 of the prior art, in order to circulate the fluid.

D'un point de vue de sa fabrication, la batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention permet notamment d'éviter une étape de fabrication d'un faisceau de tubes 70 avec des ailettes 72, par exemple par brasage.From a manufacturing point of view, the thermal battery 1 according to the invention makes it possible in particular to avoid a step of manufacturing a bundle of tubes 70 with fins 72, for example by brazing.

Dans le processus de fabrication de la batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention, le faisceau de fibres creuses 7 est simplement disposé dans l'enceinte de ladite batterie thermique 1 de sorte que les fibres creuses 7 soient disposées de façon désordonnée dans ladite enceinte.In the manufacturing process of the thermal battery 1 according to the invention, the bundle of hollow fibers 7 is simply arranged in the enclosure of said thermal battery 1 so that the hollow fibers 7 are arranged in a disorderly manner in said enclosure.

Le fluide circulant au sein du faisceau de fibres creuses 7 peut par exemple être un fluide caloporteur du système de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique, de gestion thermique d'air d'admission, de gestion thermique de batteries électriques, d'un ou plusieurs moteurs électriques, d'un système de gestion thermique de l'habitacle comme par exemple une unité de climatisation, ou bien encore d'huile moteur ou de transmission.The fluid circulating within the bundle of hollow fibers 7 can for example be a coolant for the cooling system of a heat engine, for thermal management of intake air, thermal management of electric batteries, one or more electric motors, a thermal management system for the passenger compartment such as for example an air conditioning unit, or even engine or transmission oil.

Du fait que les fibres creuses 7 sont souples et réparties de façon désordonnée dans l'enceinte, la batterie thermique 1 peut prendre des formes variées, comme par exemple cylindrique comme sur la figure 4, parallélépipédique ou encore des formes plus complexes comportant des coudes ou des zones tronquées comme illustré sur les figures 2 ou 5. Cette flexibilité dans les formes possibles de la batterie thermique 1 permet d'adapter la forme de la batterie thermique 1 aux endroits où elle est destinée à être installée dans le véhicule automobile, par exemple au niveau des passages de roue, sous le pare-choc ou encore sous les feux de signalisation.Due to the fact that the hollow fibers 7 are flexible and distributed in a disorderly manner in the enclosure, the thermal coil 1 can take various shapes, such as for example cylindrical as on the figure 4 , parallelepiped or even more complex shapes comprising elbows or truncated areas as illustrated on the figures 2 or 5 . This flexibility in the possible shapes of the thermal battery 1 makes it possible to adapt the shape of the thermal battery 1 to the places where it is intended to be installed in the motor vehicle, for example at the level of the wheel arches, under the bumper. or even under traffic lights.

De plus, de part cette souplesse du faisceau de fibres creuses 7, les entrée 3a et sortie 3b de fluide peuvent être positionnées où bon le semble en fonction de la forme et l'emplacement de la batterie thermique 1 dans le véhicule automobile.In addition, because of this flexibility of the bundle of hollow fibers 7, the fluid inlet 3a and outlet 3b can be positioned wherever it suits them depending on the shape and location of the thermal battery 1 in the motor vehicle.

Ainsi, on voit bien que la batterie thermique 1 selon l'invention, est plus performante et plus facile à intégrer au sein du véhicule automobile du fait de l'utilisation d'un faisceau de fibres creuses 7.Thus, it can be seen that the thermal battery 1 according to the invention is more efficient and easier to integrate into the motor vehicle due to the use of a bundle of hollow fibers 7.

Claims (6)

  1. Thermal battery (1) comprising a wall (100) forming an enclosure comprising within it a phase-change material (5), said enclosure comprising a fluid inlet (3a) and a fluid outlet (3b), said fluid inlet (3a) and outlet (3b) being linked to one another by a bundle of hollow fibres (7) intended for the circulation of the fluid, said phase-change material (5) being present between said hollow fibres (7), characterized in that the hollow fibres (7) are distributed throughout the volume of said enclosure in a disorderly fashion.
  2. Thermal battery (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the hollow fibres (7) are made of polymer material.
  3. Thermal battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow fibres (7) have a diameter (D) of between 0.4 and 1 mm, notably between 0.4 and 0.6 mm.
  4. Thermal battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow fibres (7) have a wall thickness of between 0.025 and 0.1 mm.
  5. Thermal battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bundle of hollow fibres (7) comprises a number of hollow fibres (7) greater than 1000.
  6. Thermal battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said thermal battery (1) comprises, over a same section of thermal battery (1), a density of hollow fibres (7) of between 0.5 and 1.5 million per m2, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 million per m2.
EP17733505.6A 2016-06-29 2017-06-05 Thermal battery with phase-change material Active EP3479046B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1656056A FR3053449B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 THERMAL BATTERY WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL.
PCT/FR2017/051412 WO2018002462A1 (en) 2016-06-29 2017-06-05 Thermal battery with phase-change material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3479046A1 EP3479046A1 (en) 2019-05-08
EP3479046B1 true EP3479046B1 (en) 2020-09-09

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EP17733505.6A Active EP3479046B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2017-06-05 Thermal battery with phase-change material

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EP (1) EP3479046B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20190022805A (en)
CN (1) CN210135817U (en)
FR (1) FR3053449B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018002462A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3099236A1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-01-29 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger for cooling and / or heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation
FR3099235B1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-10-01 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger for cooling and / or heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098852A (en) * 1972-07-04 1978-07-04 Rhone-Poulenc, S.A. Process for carring out a gas/liquid heat-exchange
NL7811008A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-08 Akzo Nv DEVICE FOR STORING HEAT.
DE10023949C1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-11-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heat exchangers, in particular microstructure heat exchangers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20190022805A (en) 2019-03-06
EP3479046A1 (en) 2019-05-08
WO2018002462A1 (en) 2018-01-04
FR3053449B1 (en) 2020-02-21
CN210135817U (en) 2020-03-10
FR3053449A1 (en) 2018-01-05

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