EP3477239A1 - Mitrailleuse - Google Patents

Mitrailleuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3477239A1
EP3477239A1 EP17198580.7A EP17198580A EP3477239A1 EP 3477239 A1 EP3477239 A1 EP 3477239A1 EP 17198580 A EP17198580 A EP 17198580A EP 3477239 A1 EP3477239 A1 EP 3477239A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine gun
ammunition
strip
band
carcass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17198580.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascal Marcel Henri Denis Franssen
Damien Nicole Freddy VERHAEGEN
Robert Beckers
Paul Michotte
Antoine GODBILLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FN Herstal SA
Original Assignee
FN Herstal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FN Herstal SA filed Critical FN Herstal SA
Priority to EP17198580.7A priority Critical patent/EP3477239A1/fr
Priority to SG11202002206PA priority patent/SG11202002206PA/en
Priority to EP18762867.2A priority patent/EP3682182B1/fr
Priority to KR1020207009428A priority patent/KR102543339B1/ko
Priority to IL273148A priority patent/IL273148B1/en
Priority to CA3075347A priority patent/CA3075347A1/en
Priority to AU2018328050A priority patent/AU2018328050A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/074288 priority patent/WO2019048672A1/fr
Priority to BR112020004260-9A priority patent/BR112020004260B1/pt
Priority to PT187628672T priority patent/PT3682182T/pt
Priority to ES18762867T priority patent/ES2926073T3/es
Priority to DK18762867.2T priority patent/DK3682182T3/da
Priority to JP2020513682A priority patent/JP7179054B2/ja
Priority to US16/646,518 priority patent/US11365944B2/en
Publication of EP3477239A1 publication Critical patent/EP3477239A1/fr
Priority to ZA2020/02256A priority patent/ZA202002256B/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/66—Breech housings or frames; Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/29—Feeding of belted ammunition
    • F41A9/32—Reciprocating-slide-type belt transporters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/08—Cartridge belts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine gun, the feed system and the carcass of such a machine gun.
  • the ergonomics of a weapon is a rather particular concept in the sense that it brings together a certain number of criteria ranging from the mass and the size of a weapon to its grip in shooting and handling conditions. It is generally accepted that a weapon with better ergonomics is a weapon that allows the user to better fulfill his role within his unit. An improvement in the ergonomics of the weapon can be translated in different ways on the ground. It can lead to an increase in user mobility, an improvement in the availability of the weapon on the ground, an easing of the use of the weapon ...
  • a machine gun means a firearm capable of firing a band of ammunition, as opposed to firearms being fed from a magazine (rifle or pistol).
  • the ammunition strip consists of a series of cartridges linked together by links, said links being detached from each other when the cartridges are extracted.
  • the carcass of a machine gun is the central piece of the weapon, which acts both as a main structural element, but also as a reference base for the positioning of all the inserts or assemblies that perform the operating cycle of the weapon. tear.
  • a disadvantage of this architecture is that, the sighting systems being placed above the barrel, it is necessary to partially integrate (mechanical sighting devices eyelet handlebar) or completely (modular sighting devices mounted via a standard rail Picatinny) on the power supply cover of the weapon. This results in a certain inaccuracy in the alignment of the aiming point and the point of impact of the projectiles because of the uncertainty on the repositioning of the feed cover at each opening and closing thereof.
  • the carcass of a machine gun is made by assembling intermediate components.
  • the goal is to be able to accurately perform the finishing machining of different parts before assembling them.
  • the different components have an "open" shape that allows access to cutting tools (for milling or turning).
  • this opening is generally made in the upper part of the carcass because it will be covered by the supply cover which is removable to allow the establishment of a new band.
  • this type of assembly requires the use of steel. Indeed, to maintain a sufficient stiffness and avoid weakened areas at assembly points, a material with a Young's modulus and a sufficient elastic limit are often required. This is amplified by the fact that a machine gun must maintain a greater fire volume than other weapons which implies an increase in the temperature of the weapon and therefore a degradation of the performance of materials. For both historical and economic reasons the preferred material for this application has always been steel. The main consequence of the choice of steel for the carcass of the machine gun is a significant increase of the weapon. As a result, the machine guns are generally significantly heavier than the other shoulder guns used by the infantry units which substantially penalizes the mobility of the whole unit.
  • the ejection of the links is generally performed by the dynamics of the moving band: when the band is pushed by its advance mechanism, the link released from its cartridge is directed towards its ejection window out of the carcass.
  • the last cartridge fed there remains 2 links to eject. No mechanism is provided for this particular case of the last cartridge.
  • the main risk of this mode of operation is to allow a link to enter the interior of the carcass through the opening of the supply corridor which allows the passage of the lock and the cartridge. If a link falls inside the carcass it will cause a shooting incident by blocking the movement and mechanism of the parts included inside the weapon. This risk is increased if the machine gun feed chute is tilted from the horizontal: gravity can then direct the link to the opening of the feed chute.
  • a second problem is that the last link usually remains on the supply corridor, the soldier usually has to "clean" the latter before positioning a new band, and there is therefore a loss of time associated.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a machine gun comprising an ammunition belt feed lane and a feed lane cover whose closing movement induces an adjustment of the longitudinal position of the ammunition strip in the lane. power.
  • the adjustment of the longitudinal position of the strip in the passageway is obtained via an element making it possible to push the strip into the feed passage during the closing movement of the cover, and allowing the passage of the strip during the cycles of rotation. subsequent shooting (non-return ratchet).
  • the non-return pawl is integrated in the cover, and the closing movement of said cover comprises a component parallel to said feed passage, so as to allow a precise adjustment of the first munition.
  • the parallel component of the closing movement of the lid is obtained by an axis of rotation of the secant lid relative to the plane of the supply corridor.
  • the supply corridor and its cover are arranged laterally, inclined relative to the vertical, the opening axis of the lid being substantially vertical.
  • the machine gun according to the invention comprises, on its upper face, a fixed accessory assembly interface, this interface may preferably include a Picatinny type rail.
  • a rod system actuating the non-return pawl is integrated in the carcass or cover to push the band to its loading position when closing the lid.
  • the rod or rods actuating the pawl may for example be set in motion by a button or a lever protruding from the carcass or lid actuated by the closure.
  • an inclined surface projecting on the internal face of the cover or of the casing actuates a movable part on the complementary internal face, said movable part having a movement parallel to the movement of the band and making it possible to adjust the position of the latter.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a mechanism for feeding a firearm fed by an ammunition band comprising a mechanism for ejecting the last two links of said band.
  • this mechanism comprises a mobile ratchet pushing on the penultimate link and actuated by the moving parts of the machine gun.
  • the mobile ratchet ejection of the last two links is secured to the traction mechanism of the strip.
  • the tape traction mechanism comprises a mobile pawl pushing, in use, against a munition, said pawl pushing against the ammunition and the ejection pawl of the last two links being actuated by the same lever actuated by the movement of the moving parts of the machine. the machine gun.
  • the ejection pawl of the two last links and the pawl advance can be made in one piece or separate. Preferably, it is two pieces rotating about the same axis and secured via an elastic piece such as a spring or a leaf spring.
  • the tape pulling mechanism comprises a star engraining, in use, on the cartridges and the ejection mechanism of the last two links comprises a second star engraining, in use, on the links.
  • the two stars revolve around the same axis.
  • the connection between the two stars is provided by an elastically deformable element such as a torsion spring or a pin of elastic material (elastomer) passing through the web advance star and the ejection star .
  • the ejection means of the two last links comprise a flexible claw mounted on a spring and pushing on the last link for the 'eject.
  • the flexible claw is mounted on a spring whose energy serves for the ejection of the last link.
  • the portion for ejection of the link of the flexible claw comes into contact with a link when the link is not linked to a munition.
  • the claw is held in a position intermediate, when a munition is present, by the non-return ratchet which occupies an extreme position when it no longer leans on a munition (ie at the end of the band).
  • the flexible claw is elastically connected to valves for holding the links and the ammunition in the supply corridor.
  • the flexible claw is linked to an indicator of the presence of an ammunition station in the supply corridor.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a machine gun comprising a feed chute comprising a main sliding surface of an ammunition strip, side faces guiding, in use, the ammunition strip, and one or more holding surfaces. of the band positioned at the upper edge of the side faces, said holding surfaces facing the sliding surface and said holding surfaces being open, so as to allow the introduction of the ammunition strip.
  • At least one of the or the holding surfaces is retractable, leaving free at least one upper edge of the side faces, so as to facilitate the positioning of an ammunition strip.
  • the holding surface or surfaces are narrow and elastic, allowing a "force" introduction of the band.
  • the retaining surface (s) of the strip belong to slideways along the upper edges of the lateral faces of the supply passage, at least one of these slides being retractable.
  • the retractable slide (s) are maintained along the lateral faces of the feed passage by elastic means.
  • the retractable slide (s) have an inclined upper surface allowing the introduction of the ammunition strip by simply pressing it against the inclined surface of the slide.
  • the retractable slide (s) have a chamfer in the portion corresponding to the entry of the strip in the corridor power supply allowing the removal of a strip of ammunition by the torsion of the strip.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a firearm comprising a carcass body having a substantially tubular geometry.
  • essentially tubular geometry we mean a hollow part, formed in a single piece, comprising a minimum of lateral orifices (entry of the feed chute, screw fixing holes, ...), and therefore, including a surface essentially closed side.
  • the firearm comprises a feed corridor and a lid arranged laterally, inclined outwardly with respect to the vertical, the opening axis of the lid being substantially vertical.
  • the firearm according to the invention comprises, on its upper face, a fixed accessory assembly interface, this interface may preferably comprise a Picatinny-type rail.
  • the term longitudinal when referring to a feed corridor, or to the movement of a strip of ammunition, relates to the feeding direction of the strip, the barrel therefore being in the direction transverse to the direction longitudinal feeding of the weapon.
  • the figure 1 represents an example of a machine gun according to the invention.
  • This machine gun has a lateral feed allowing the use of a Picatinny type rail 21, continuous and fixed on the top of the carcass body 22.
  • On top we mean the upper part when the weapon is used according to a conventional position .
  • other types of accessory attachment interfaces could be used.
  • the figure 2 represents a perspective view of the supply corridor with a munition strip 5 positioned, lid 2 open.
  • This lid comprises closure means 19 cooperating with corresponding means on the carcass 22.
  • the figure 3 represents the same corridor, without the ammunition strip 5, which makes it possible to distinguish the pawls 15 and 14, respectively pushing on the anterior part of the penultimate munition, and on the central part 10 of the penultimate link.
  • These pawls 14, 15 project from the sliding surface 3 of the ammunition strip 5.
  • the central position of the pawl 14 can eject the last link.
  • the lid is not yet closed, and the band rests on the pawls of advance of the strip 16, 15.
  • These pawls 15, 16, free to rotate about their axis do not allow accurate positioning of the strip 5
  • the position of the feed pawls depends on the position of the latch 17 and the moving parts, which is not unambiguous when placing the strip, in particular in the case of weapons operating with open yoke: the lock 17 can be in the front position, empty chamber and locked, or the latch 17 is in the rear position, empty chamber.
  • the ratchets 14, 15, 16 advancement will be at different positions.
  • the repositioning of the strip can be obtained in other ways, the main thing being that the closing movement of the cover can induce a readjustment movement of the strip parallel to the sliding thereof.
  • Such an alternative example is shown for a horizontal feed corridor 100 to Figures 18 to 21 .
  • the strip 5 slides on a horizontal surface 102 and is correctly positioned by non-return pawls 101 actuated by the closure of the cover 107.
  • the non-return pawls 101 are fixed on a slide 103 comprising a inclined surface 105 cooperating with a corresponding inclined surface 106 on the cover 107.
  • the non-return pawls 101, 12 can be erased to let the successive ammunition 18 in the normal direction of supply.
  • Lateral positioning of the diet of Figures 2 to 12 , as well as the direction of opening of the lid 2 and the supply passage along a vertical axis also makes it possible to release the upper face of the carcass, and allows the fixing of a fixed rail 21 on a substantially tubular carcass body 22 .
  • the 45 ° inclination of the sliding plane 3 of the feed chute has the advantage already cited of allowing, in combination with the axis of rotation 4 of the vertical cover, the adjustment of the ammunition station. Moreover, this inclination makes it easier to position the band, by hooking the band on the feed pawls 14, 15, 16 or by keeping the weapon vertical (which is not possible for the guns with a d vertical feeding), or by tilting the weapon only 45 ° to place the horizontal corridor. It is understood that other angles of inclination are possible, provided that the lateral space is sufficiently limited, and that the horizontal component of the sliding plane 3 is sufficient so that the strip of stably on the advancing pawls 14, 15 16 without tilting the weapon. Reasonable angles of inclination are between 20 and 70 °, preferably between 30 and 60 °.
  • the Figures 5 to 8 illustrate the operation of the feed system of the example of the invention.
  • the machine gun operates according to a cycle called "open yoke", a device in which out of shooting, the latch 17 and the moving parts are in the rear position, open chamber and empty.
  • the complete cycle of a shot is then as follows: The release of the trigger releases the moving parts and the lock 17, which introduces the passage through its ergo 20 a munition 18 in the room. At the end of the forward movement, the lock is locked to the lock ring, behind the barrel chamber. This forward movement is induced by a compressed recovery spring during the backward movement of the moving parts. The ammunition is then impacted, and a gas recovery in the last section of the barrel can return the moving parts back by compressing the recovery spring.
  • the moving parts After the firing of the last ammunition, the trigger being generally kept pressed, the moving parts make a last movement forward, and the weapon is found breech closed, empty room. Depending on whether the user reloads the mechanism before or after placing the ammunition strip, the moving parts are therefore in the forward or reverse position.
  • the figure 5 shows the weapon in the waiting position, moving parts towards the rear, an ammunition station, the lug 20 of the lock 17 placed behind the ammunition to post.
  • the advancing pawls of the band 14, 15, 16 are in the lower position behind the penultimate ammunition, the band rests on the non-return pawl 12 and the holding valves 11 press on the links and hold the ammunition in position. in the middle of the opening of the supply corridor, ready to be fed by the latch 17.
  • An ejector claw 13 pushes on the anterior lateral parts 9 of the penultimate link.
  • the last ammunition is driven into the chamber by the lug 20 of the latch 17. During this movement, as soon as the ammunition is fully unmated, the feed pawls 14, 15, 16 begin to advance.
  • the feed pawls 14, 15, 16 push the band 5 towards the new position.
  • the last link is ejected by the movement of the band, pushed by the link and the next ammunition.
  • the ejector claw 13 has pushed the passage on the side portions 9 of the penultimate link, but, this penultimate link being linked to the penultimate ammunition, it is not ejected.
  • this ejection claw only comes into action when ejecting the last two links of a band.
  • the figure 8 shows the return movement of the feed pawls 14, 15, 16 during the moving back movement of the moving parts. During this movement, the band 5 is held in position by the non-return pawl 12. At the end of the cycle, we find the situation of the figure 5 .
  • FIGs 9 to 12 illustrate the ejection of the last two links, when firing the last ammunition.
  • the last ammunition is stationary and the central portion 10 of the last link rests on the non-return pawl 12.
  • the pawls of lateral advancements, 15 and 16 no longer rely on ammunition and can no longer push on the rest of the band.
  • Only the central pawl 14 is still facing the central part 10 of the penultimate link, which at the beginning of the cycle rests on the non-return pawl 12.
  • the ammunition is loaded in the room.
  • the claw 13 is no longer based on a munition, and, therefore, occupies an extreme position that it never occupies during a cycle in the presence of a band of ammunition. This movement to an extreme position can be used to move a tape indicator giving an indication of the absence of tape.
  • FIG 13 shows a section of the supply corridor, with a stationary ammunition.
  • retractable slides 6, 7 could be replaced by directly facing facing surfaces of the sliding surface 3 (see, forming part of) the lateral faces 23, 8 of the supply corridor, ie these surfaces, either the walls of the supply corridor being sufficiently flexible (s) to allow the placement "in force" of the band.
  • the advantage of these holding means is to allow a placement of the band, or to open the cover 2 of the supply corridor regardless of the orientation of the weapon without the band falls from the corridor.
  • the figure 14 shows a training claw of the band.
  • This claw has three pawls 14, 15, 16.
  • the two side pawls bear directly on the penultimate ammunition, respectively forward and backward of the anterior lateral portions 9 of the antepenultimate link.
  • Pawl 14 meanwhile pushes on the central portion 10 of the penultimate link.
  • These three pawls 14, 15, 16 may be integral, or, preferably, the central pawl 14 is elastically connected to the other two pawls, for example via a torsion spring. Indeed there is a space between the ammunition which allows a greater range of motion for the side pawls 15, 16 than for the central pawl, blocked by the surface linking the successive links. Therefore, the support provided by the central ratchet 14 provides a less reliable support, and potentially prevents the lateral ratchets to take an optimal position. Detaching the central pawl 14 then allows an optimum range of motion for the lateral pawls 15, 16.
  • the central pawl 14 is no longer blocked by the surface linking the successive links, and it can then take a more reliable support surface.
  • the lateral pawls 15, 16 no longer rely on a munition, and therefore no longer participate in the movement of the band.
  • the figure 15 shows a tubular carcass body 22.
  • This closed geometry makes it possible to obtain better rigidity, and in particular better torsion resistance than open profiles.
  • the lateral positioning of the feed passage allows the fixing of a fixed Picatinny rail 21.
  • the positioning of the carcass-side band feed mechanism rather than the cover allows short-length lateral opening, which further improves the mechanical properties of the assembly.
  • the figure 16 shows an exploded view of the supply corridor. There are two springs 24 for holding slides 6, 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
EP17198580.7A 2017-09-11 2017-10-26 Mitrailleuse Withdrawn EP3477239A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17198580.7A EP3477239A1 (fr) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Mitrailleuse
PCT/EP2018/074288 WO2019048672A1 (fr) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Mitrailleuse
BR112020004260-9A BR112020004260B1 (pt) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Metralhadora
KR1020207009428A KR102543339B1 (ko) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 기관총
IL273148A IL273148B1 (en) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 machine gun
CA3075347A CA3075347A1 (en) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Machine gun
AU2018328050A AU2018328050A1 (en) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Machine gun
SG11202002206PA SG11202002206PA (en) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Machine gun
EP18762867.2A EP3682182B1 (fr) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Mitrailleuse
PT187628672T PT3682182T (pt) 2017-10-26 2018-09-10 Metralhadora
ES18762867T ES2926073T3 (es) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Ametralladora
DK18762867.2T DK3682182T3 (da) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Maskingevær
JP2020513682A JP7179054B2 (ja) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 機関銃
US16/646,518 US11365944B2 (en) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Machine gun
ZA2020/02256A ZA202002256B (en) 2017-09-11 2020-05-04 Machine gun

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17198580.7A EP3477239A1 (fr) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Mitrailleuse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3477239A1 true EP3477239A1 (fr) 2019-05-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17198580.7A Withdrawn EP3477239A1 (fr) 2017-09-11 2017-10-26 Mitrailleuse

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3477239A1 (pt)
PT (1) PT3682182T (pt)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2351173A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Modular housing for a semiautomatic rifle or a machine gun
EP2177860A1 (fr) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-21 FN HERSTAL, société anonyme Arme à feu
DE202011100438U1 (de) * 2011-05-07 2011-07-04 Sitec Präzisionstechnik Handels- und Produktionsgesellschaft mbH, 70825 Gehäuse eines Maschinengewehrs

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2351173A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Modular housing for a semiautomatic rifle or a machine gun
EP2177860A1 (fr) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-21 FN HERSTAL, société anonyme Arme à feu
DE202011100438U1 (de) * 2011-05-07 2011-07-04 Sitec Präzisionstechnik Handels- und Produktionsgesellschaft mbH, 70825 Gehäuse eines Maschinengewehrs

Also Published As

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PT3682182T (pt) 2022-08-29

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