EP3470190B1 - Milling tool for machining wood, wooden materials, plastics or light metals - Google Patents

Milling tool for machining wood, wooden materials, plastics or light metals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3470190B1
EP3470190B1 EP18198655.5A EP18198655A EP3470190B1 EP 3470190 B1 EP3470190 B1 EP 3470190B1 EP 18198655 A EP18198655 A EP 18198655A EP 3470190 B1 EP3470190 B1 EP 3470190B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machining
milling tool
tool
tool according
pressure ring
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EP18198655.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3470190A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Kisselbach
Jürgen Graef
Heiko Ehrensperger
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Leitz GmbH and Co KG
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Leitz GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D5/00—Other working of veneer or plywood specially adapted to veneer or plywood
    • B27D5/006—Trimming, chamfering or bevelling edgings, e.g. lists
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C5/00—Machines designed for producing special profiles or shaped work, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/005—Tools composed of two or more rotating discs
    • B27G13/007—Tools composed of two or more rotating discs which are adjustable relatively to each other

Definitions

  • Milling tool for processing wood, wood-based materials, plastics or light metals, with a processing side and a spindle side and with a first stationary processing tool arranged around a rotation axis, as well as at least one second processing tool that can be moved coaxially to the first processing tool between a rest position and a processing position arranged and can be brought into connection for displacement in the axial direction with a cam disk arranged in the housing so as to be rotatable about the axis of rotation.
  • Such a milling tool is in the not pre-published EP 3 354 386 A1 and is used for profiling edges and corners on plate-shaped workpieces. If the edgeband thickness is changed, the profile radius of the milling tool must also be adapted to the edgeband thickness. When manufacturing small batches, there are frequent tool changes with production interruptions. For this reason, some solutions with switchable tools have been developed in order to be able to change the profile without removing and installing the tools. Sometimes even with the tool rotating.
  • Another milling tool is, for example, from DE 199 15 672 A1 known.
  • differently profiled cutting edges are attached.
  • the cutting edge with the largest radius is always in the machining position.
  • a differently profiled cutting edge with a smaller radius is pushed into its machining position and covered the profile of the first cutting edge is complete except for the circumferential profile outlet.
  • the cutting profile is changed by a linear movement of one of the movably arranged processing tools, which is triggered pneumatically.
  • the disadvantage here is that a separate control is necessary for each movable machining tool, which leads to a complex construction if there are more than two differently profiled cutting edges.
  • a milling tool in which the differently profiled cutting edges are not moved axially but rather radially into their machining position.
  • the cutting edges are arranged on radially displaceable cutting edge carriers and the pneumatically triggered axial movement of the coaxially arranged actuating elements is converted into a radial movement of the cutting edge carriers via bevels.
  • a separate control must take place for each movable machining tool.
  • the machining tools that are not in the working position have to be held back by pneumatic pressure against the acting centrifugal forces, which requires high adjustment forces at high speeds.
  • the individual machining tools are stored individually in the tool head and axially displaceable. As a result, they can easily be moved from a rest position to a processing position. A machining tool is firmly positioned in the machining position. Editing tools that are not required are withdrawn in their rest position. During machining, the activated machining tool must always be held in its machining position by an external force against cutting pressure and spring restoring forces. Because the individual machining tools are arranged outside of the axis of rotation, centrifugal forces that are dependent on the speed act on the machining tools, which requires very precise mounting in order to avoid an expansion of the diameter of the cutting edges under load.
  • the DE 10 2014 008 033 A1 discloses a milling tool in which cutting edges with different profiles are arranged on rotatably adjustable cutting edge carriers. A profile change takes place through a defined synchronous rotational movement of the Cutter carrier. With this milling tool, it is also possible to change more than three profiles without increasing the complexity.
  • the DE 74 26 183 U discloses a milling tool which is composed of two tool bodies which are positively connected to one another and which are approximately symmetrical and which carry the cutting edges.
  • the tool bodies are arranged such that they can be moved relative to one another via a threaded spindle.
  • the U.S. 4,541,165 A discloses an automatic cutting edge changer for changing the cutting edges on a tool. If a sensor detects wear or chipping on the cutting edges, the cutting edge changer moves the cutting insert out of its cutting position and inserts a new cutting edge.
  • the ones from the DE 10 2011 004 536 A1 known multi-profile milling device is equipped with a first tool which is in a working position and a second tool which can be brought into a working position. An additional spindle is provided between a sliding cylinder for the second tool and the tool. When the second tool is in the working position, the machining profile of the second tool is superimposed on the machining profile of the first tool so that a workpiece to be machined receives the second machining profile.
  • the DE 10 2013 226 214 A1 discloses a device for machining a workpiece made of wood, wood-based materials, plastics or the like, which has two milling tools for contour machining an edge of the workpiece.
  • the second milling tool is adjustable with respect to the first milling tool between a rest position in which the first milling tool can be brought into engagement with the workpiece, and a machining position in which the second milling tool can be brought into engagement with the workpiece.
  • a third milling tool which is arranged coaxially to the other two milling tools, can be used to mill the edge flush on the workpiece.
  • the EP 2 011 614 A1 discloses a milling tool with two machining tools which are arranged to be displaceable relative to one another.
  • the invention is based on the object of enabling an automatic profile change of at least three or more profiles with a stationary tool without changing tools.
  • the generic milling tool is characterized in that at least two machining tools are provided which are arranged displaceably between a rest position and a machining position.
  • the mechanism for changing the profile takes up little space and the milling tool is simple. Basically, a large number of second processing tools can be provided.
  • the cam disk which is provided with cams pointing in the axial direction, can preferably be rotated incrementally. This makes it possible to bring the machining tools into their machining position by means of an axial back and forth stroke movement.
  • the first machining tool is preferably rigidly connected to a base body which is coupled to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the machining tool is preferably screwed to the base body.
  • the cam disk can be connected to a sleeve-shaped pressure ring, which has at least one, preferably three, balls protruding radially inwards (as sliding blocks), which run in a meandering circumferential groove (as a sliding link) of a locking sleeve connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner and which forms a sliding block guide, wherein the inner diameter of the pressure ring is larger than the outer diameter of the locking sleeve.
  • the ball or balls are preferably arranged (with play) in a radial bore in the inner wall of the pressure ring and are preferably adjustable radially towards the locking sleeve via a grub screw.
  • the meander runs at an acute angle (zigzag formation) so that the at least one ball can be guided either clockwise or only counterclockwise, no reversal point can occur when the direction of the stroke is reversed.
  • an overlap in the running direction of the ball is preferably provided at the reversal points of the groove.
  • the cam disk is preferably connected to the pressure ring so as to be non-rotatable and displaceable in the axial direction. It is advantageous if at least one compression spring acting in the axial direction is provided between the pressure ring and the base body.
  • each displaceably arranged machining tool has regularly spaced cylindrical pins on a pitch circle, which run parallel to the axis of rotation and can be brought into operative connection with cams arranged on the cam disk. This simplifies the engagement of the cam disk with the respective machining tool.
  • the at least one compression spring is preferably guided axially in a spring ring and the spring ring is rotatably mounted in relation to the pressure ring via an axial bearing.
  • One or three compression springs are arranged between the stationary processing tool and the displaceable processing tool or tools (at least the second processing tool).
  • the pressure ring can be provided on the spindle side with a closed circumferential end face which serves as a running surface for a rolling element. This configuration reduces the operating forces for setting the machining position of the machining tools.
  • Each machining tool is preferably provided with a plurality of cutting edges, the cutting edges being profiled identically on each individual machining tool, but each of the machining tools having differently profiled cutting edges having. It is also conceivable that two machining tools have cutting edges that are identically profiled.
  • the profiles of the cutting edges are preferably radii or chamfers and the fixed machining tool carries the cutting edge with the largest radius.
  • the pressure ring is provided on the spindle side with markings for the respective cutting edges, which interact with a marking in the housing, depending on the rotational position of the pressure ring, the respective active cutting edge profile can be indicated and made visible to the viewer.
  • a machining device which is provided with a tool designed according to the invention has an axially movable actuating device with which a disengaging movement and a return stroke can be carried out and which has at least one pressure element and one rolling element.
  • the pressure element is preferably a spring-loaded bolt and the rolling element is a ball roller.
  • a method for operating this machining device is characterized in that, during the disengaging movement of the actuating device, the contact between the axially movable machining tools and the cam disk is released in a first step, in a second step via the meandering groove in the locking sleeve and the at least one ball in the pressure ring the cam disk is set in rotation, the rotary movement of the cam disk is completed during the subsequent return stroke of the actuating device and in a third step at the end of the return stroke the axially movable machining tools come to rest on the cam disk again.
  • the milling tool consists of a base body 4, which carries a first machining tool 1 firmly connected by screws 29 with a first cutting profile 31 and at least one second axially displaceable machining tool 2 with a second cutting profile 32.
  • the base body 4 has a flange region 30 with bores for receiving machining tools 1, 2, 3 and with an interface for attachment to a rotatable drive (machine spindle, not shown), z. B. a bore 25, advantageously with a conical bore for centering without play.
  • the milling tool is closed on the circumference by a housing 11, which is connected to the base body 4 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via grub screws 40 which engage in corresponding grooves 44 in the base body 4 (cf. Figure 5 ).
  • the illustrated embodiment has a tool 1 firmly screwed to the base body 4 with a cutting edge profile 31 and two axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 each with a cutting edge profile 32, 33, which are guided on different coaxially arranged cylinder surfaces of the base body 4.
  • the displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are braced in the axial direction relative to the fixed tool 1 via springs 26, 27 and they are connected to the base body 4 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via cylindrical pins 37, 38.
  • the cylindrical pins 37, 38 reach through the bores 37.1, 38.1 in the flange of the base body 4 in order to interact with a cam disk 7.
  • the axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are pressed away from the fixed tool 1 by the springs 26, 27.
  • the cam disk 7, which has cams 17 protruding in the axial direction, is rotatably mounted in the base body 4 and axially fixed by a locking ring 10.
  • the axial position of the movable machining tools 2, 3 is changed by the angular position of the cam disk 4 between a working position and a rest position. If the position of the cams 17 is such that none of the machining tools 2, 3 has contact with the cams 17 via the cylinder pins 37, 38, then both axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 rest with their flat back surface 39 on the base body 4 and the cutting edge profiles 32, 33 are outside the machining position (in rest position). The fixed processing tool 1 is in the working position.
  • the different edge profiles to be generated are advantageously distributed over the machining tools 1, 2, 3 in such a way that the fixed machining tool 1 has the largest profile radius and the smaller profile radii and chamfer profiles are assigned to the axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3. If all cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are designed so that they have the same reference point for the "glue line" in the working position, the profile of the fixed processing tool 2, 3 is always overlapped by the profile of an axially displaceable processing tool 1, so that only this axially displaceable processing tool 2, 3 is profiling.
  • the locking sleeve 5 is firmly connected to the housing 4, for. B. via grub screws 34.
  • the locking sleeve 5 has a circumferential, essentially zigzag-shaped groove 18 which serves as a backdrop for a link guide.
  • the groove 18 has a semicircular cross-section and serves as a track for at least one ball 19.
  • the locking sleeve 5 interacts with a pressure ring 9 which is movably connected to the locking sleeve 5 via the groove 18 via at least one ball 19, preferably three balls .
  • the movement between the locking sleeve 5 and the pressure ring 9 is forcibly guided by the meandering shape of the groove 18.
  • the pressure ring 9 is in turn connected to the cam disk 7 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via projections 15 which engage in grooves 16 of the cam disk 7.
  • an actuating device 21 arranged on the drive side is used to press in the axial direction onto the housing 11 and the pressure ring 9.
  • the actuating device 21 is arranged on the spindle side and via bores 23 with a linear movement unit, for. B. a pneumatic piston (not shown) connected.
  • the actuation device 21 has at least one spring-loaded bolt 35, which acts on the housing 11, and at least one rolling element 36, which is located radially further inward, and which acts on the pressure ring 9.
  • the pressure ring 9 In the contact area of the at least one rolling element 36, the pressure ring 9 has an encircling, continuous one Tread.
  • the rotating milling tool is first stopped. There are four phases in the profile change.
  • phase 1 the housing 11 is first pushed by the disengaging movement of the actuating device 21 via the spring-loaded bolts against the force of the springs 26, 27 in the direction of the machining side A.
  • the housing 11 takes the two axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 with it via its end face until they strike the stationary machining tool 1, so that the cylinder pins 37, 38 come outside of the contact area with the cam disk 7 and there is no longer any contact between the back plane surface 39 and the base body 4 consists.
  • the total spring force of the spring-loaded bolts 35 must be greater than the total spring force of the springs 26, 27.
  • the cam disk 7 is relieved, which reduces the friction during its subsequent rotary movement.
  • the sprung bolts 35 are not compressed.
  • the rolling element 36 presses against the running surface of the pressure ring 9 and also moves it axially in the direction of the machining side A.
  • the spring-loaded bolts 35 give way. Since the housing 11 is locked in a rotationally fixed manner via the contact with the spring-loaded bolts 35 and the housing 11 is in turn coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the base body 4 and the locking sleeve 5 by means of a positive fit, a rotational movement of the pressure ring 9 occurs when there is axial pressure on the pressure ring 9 via the link guide forced until the at least one ball 19 reaches the processing-side reversal point of the link guide. The rotational movement of the pressure ring 9 is transmitted to the cam disk 7 via the form-fit elements 15, 16.
  • the cams 17 assume a different position in relation to the machining tools 2, 3.
  • phase 3 begins.
  • the rotary movement of the pressure ring 9 and the cam disk 7 is now caused by the spring force the springs 28 causes and continues until the at least one ball 19 reaches the spindle-side reversal point of the link. In this position the pressure ring 9 and with it the cam disk 7 are locked.
  • phase 4 the axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are moved with the help of the springs 26, 27 in the direction of the spindle side B until, depending on the position of the cam disk 7, they are either with their cylindrical pins 37, 38 on the cams 17 of the cam disk 7 or with their back plane surface 39 rest on the base body 4.
  • the actuating device 21 After the end of the profile change, the actuating device 21 no longer has any contact with the tool (gap).
  • the essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 of the locking sleeve 5 is designed in such a way that the cam disk 7 always rotates in incremental steps in the same direction - i.e. either clockwise or counterclockwise - so that after the end of an actuation cycle consisting of disengaging and resetting movements (outward - and return stroke), the cams 17 of the cam disk 7 are in a changed rotational angle position to the machining tools 2, 3.
  • the essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 of the locking sleeve 5 (link guide) at the reversal points has an overlap in the running direction of the ball 19, so that when the stroke movement is reversed, no dead center can occur and the at least one ball 19 passes through the link guide in one direction.
  • the inclined areas of the essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 have different slopes.
  • an overlap of the zigzag groove 16 is only required at the reversal points from the large to the small slope.
  • An embodiment is advantageous in which the groove areas in the direction of the disengaging movement triggered by the actuating device 21 have a greater gradient than the groove areas in the direction of the restoring movement triggered by the springs 28. Due to the different gradients, the frictional resistance can be adapted to different forces during the release and return stroke movement and the wear of the link can be reduced.
  • the slope of the steeper groove areas in the direction of movement of the ball 19 decreases degressively. Such a groove course can reduce the force impulse in the event of a sudden disengagement movement and minimize wear on the link guide.
  • the division of the link guide and cams or cylinder pins 37, 38 is expediently coordinated with one another in such a way that a different tool is brought into the working position after each actuation cycle. Due to the bias by the springs 28 and the zigzag shape of the groove 16, the device locks into the new position after each switching cycle (profile change).
  • the pressure ring 9 changes its angular position with respect to the housing 11 after each switching operation. Since each angular position can be clearly assigned a cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33, the angular position of the pressure ring 9 relative to the housing 11 can be used to index the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 be used on the spindle side B of the milling tool by z. B. an index marking 43 is attached to the housing 11 and different markings 42 for the various cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are attached to the pressure ring 9, so that the profile marking opposite the indexing marking always shows the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 ("Parking disc" principle). This possibility of recognizing the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 is particularly necessary for referencing the machine control during initial start-up or after malfunctions. The markings 42 attached on the spindle side are easily visible from the operator's side, while the cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are generally not accessible because they are covered by a suction hood.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

Fräswerkzeug zum Bearbeiten von Holz, Holzwerkstoffen, Kunststoffen oder Leichtmetallen, mit einer Bearbeitungsseite und einer Spindelseite und mit einem ersten, um eine Rotationsachse rotierbaren Gehäuse angeordneten, feststehenden Bearbeitungswerkzeug sowie mindestens einem zweiten Bearbeitungswerkzeug, das koaxial zum ersten Bearbeitungswerkzeug zwischen einer Ruheposition und einer Bearbeitungsposition verschiebbar angeordnet und zur Verschiebung in Axialrichtung mit einer im Gehäuse um die Rotationsachse verdrehbar angeordneten Nockenscheibe in Verbindung bringbar ist.Milling tool for processing wood, wood-based materials, plastics or light metals, with a processing side and a spindle side and with a first stationary processing tool arranged around a rotation axis, as well as at least one second processing tool that can be moved coaxially to the first processing tool between a rest position and a processing position arranged and can be brought into connection for displacement in the axial direction with a cam disk arranged in the housing so as to be rotatable about the axis of rotation.

Ein solches Fräswerkzeug ist in der nicht vorveröffentlichten EP 3 354 386 A1 beschrieben und wird zum Profilieren von Kanten und Ecken an plattenförmigen Werkstücken verwendet. Bei Veränderung der Kantenbanddicke muss auch der Profilradius des Fräswerkzeugs an die Kantenbanddicke angepasst werden. Bei einer Fertigung kleiner Losgrößen ergeben sich häufige Werkzeugwechsel mit Produktionsunterbrechungen. Aus diesem Grund wurden einige Lösungen mit schaltbaren Werkzeugen entwickelt, um den Profilwechsel ohne Aus- und Einbau der Werkzeuge vornehmen zu können. Teilweise sogar unter Rotation des Werkzeugs.Such a milling tool is in the not pre-published EP 3 354 386 A1 and is used for profiling edges and corners on plate-shaped workpieces. If the edgeband thickness is changed, the profile radius of the milling tool must also be adapted to the edgeband thickness. When manufacturing small batches, there are frequent tool changes with production interruptions. For this reason, some solutions with switchable tools have been developed in order to be able to change the profile without removing and installing the tools. Sometimes even with the tool rotating.

Ein weiteres Fräswerkzeug ist beispielsweise aus der DE 199 15 672 A1 bekannt. Bei koaxial zueinander angeordneten Bearbeitungswerkzeugen sind unterschiedlich profilierte Schneiden angebracht. Die Schneide mit dem größten Radius befindet sich immer fest in Bearbeitungsposition. Zum Profilwechsel wird eine anders profilierte Schneide mit kleinerem Radius in ihre Bearbeitungsposition geschoben und überdeckt das Profil der ersten Schneide bis auf den umfangsseitigen Profilauslauf vollständig. Der Wechsel des Schneidenprofils erfolgt durch eine Linearbewegung eines der beweglich angeordneten Bearbeitungswerkzeuge, die pneumatisch ausgelöst wird. Nachteilig hieran ist, dass für jedes bewegliche Bearbeitungswerkzeug eine separate Ansteuerung notwendig ist, was bei mehr als zwei unterschiedlich profilierten Schneiden zu einer aufwendigen Konstruktion führt.Another milling tool is, for example, from DE 199 15 672 A1 known. In the case of processing tools arranged coaxially to one another, differently profiled cutting edges are attached. The cutting edge with the largest radius is always in the machining position. To change the profile, a differently profiled cutting edge with a smaller radius is pushed into its machining position and covered the profile of the first cutting edge is complete except for the circumferential profile outlet. The cutting profile is changed by a linear movement of one of the movably arranged processing tools, which is triggered pneumatically. The disadvantage here is that a separate control is necessary for each movable machining tool, which leads to a complex construction if there are more than two differently profiled cutting edges.

Aus der DE 10 2013 010 359 A1 ist ein Fräswerkzeug bekannt, bei dem die unterschiedlich profilierten Schneiden nicht durch axiales, sondern durch radiales verschieben in ihre Bearbeitungsposition gebracht werden. Hierzu sind die Schneiden auf radial verschiebbaren Schneidenträgern angeordnet und die pneumatisch ausgelöste Axialbewegung der koaxial angeordneten Betätigungselemente wird über Kegelschrägen in eine Radialbewegung der Schneidenträger umgewandelt. Auch bei diesem Fräswerkzeug muss für jedes bewegliche Bearbeitungswerkzeug eine separate Ansteuerung erfolgen. Die sich nicht in Arbeitsposition befindlichen Bearbeitungswerkzeuge müssen durch pneumatischen Druck gegen die wirkenden Fliehkräfte zurückgehalten werden, was bei hohen Drehzahlen hohe Verstellkräfte erfordert.From the DE 10 2013 010 359 A1 a milling tool is known in which the differently profiled cutting edges are not moved axially but rather radially into their machining position. For this purpose, the cutting edges are arranged on radially displaceable cutting edge carriers and the pneumatically triggered axial movement of the coaxially arranged actuating elements is converted into a radial movement of the cutting edge carriers via bevels. With this milling tool, too, a separate control must take place for each movable machining tool. The machining tools that are not in the working position have to be held back by pneumatic pressure against the acting centrifugal forces, which requires high adjustment forces at high speeds.

Bei dem aus der DE 20 2010 010 704 bekannten Fräswerkzeug sind die einzelnen Bearbeitungswerkzeuge im Werkzeugkopf einzeln gelagert und axial verschiebbar. Dadurch können sie einfach von einer Ruheposition in eine Bearbeitungsposition gebracht werden. Ein Bearbeitungswerkzeug ist fest in der Bearbeitungsposition positioniert. Nicht benötigte Bearbeitungswerkzeuge sind zurückgezogen in ihrer Ruheposition. Bei der Bearbeitung muss das aktivierte Bearbeitungswerkzeug immer durch eine äußere Kraft gegen Schnittdruck und Federrückstellkräfte in seiner Bearbeitungsposition gehalten werden. Weil die einzelnen Bearbeitungswerkzeuge außerhalb der Rotationsachse angeordnet sind, wirken drehzahlabhängige Fliehkräfte auf die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge, was eine sehr präzise Lagerung erfordert, um eine Aufweitung des Durchmessers der Schneiden unter Last zu vermeiden.The one from the DE 20 2010 010 704 known milling tool, the individual machining tools are stored individually in the tool head and axially displaceable. As a result, they can easily be moved from a rest position to a processing position. A machining tool is firmly positioned in the machining position. Editing tools that are not required are withdrawn in their rest position. During machining, the activated machining tool must always be held in its machining position by an external force against cutting pressure and spring restoring forces. Because the individual machining tools are arranged outside of the axis of rotation, centrifugal forces that are dependent on the speed act on the machining tools, which requires very precise mounting in order to avoid an expansion of the diameter of the cutting edges under load.

Die DE 10 2014 008 033 A1 offenbart ein Fräswerkzeug, bei dem unterschiedlich profilierte Schneiden auf rotatorisch verstellbaren Schneidenträgern angeordnet sind. Ein Profilwechsel erfolgt durch eine definierte synchrone Rotationsbewegung der Schneidenträger. Ohne Erhöhung der Komplexität ist bei diesem Fräswerkzeug auch ein Wechsel von mehr als drei Profilen möglich.The DE 10 2014 008 033 A1 discloses a milling tool in which cutting edges with different profiles are arranged on rotatably adjustable cutting edge carriers. A profile change takes place through a defined synchronous rotational movement of the Cutter carrier. With this milling tool, it is also possible to change more than three profiles without increasing the complexity.

Die DE 74 26 183 U offenbart ein Fräswerkzeug, das aus zwei formschlüssig miteinander in Verbindung stehenden Werkzeugkörpern zusammengesetzt ist, die annähernd symmetrisch ausgebildet sind und die Schneiden tragen. Die Werkzeugkörper sind über eine Gewindespindel zueinander verschiebbar angeordnet.The DE 74 26 183 U discloses a milling tool which is composed of two tool bodies which are positively connected to one another and which are approximately symmetrical and which carry the cutting edges. The tool bodies are arranged such that they can be moved relative to one another via a threaded spindle.

Die US 4,541,165 A offenbart einen automatischen Schneidkantenwechsler zum Austausch der Schneiden an einem Werkzeug. Erkennt ein Sensor Verschleiß oder Abplatzungen an den Schneidkanten, bewegt der Schneidkantenwechsler die Schneidplatte aus ihrer Schneidposition heraus und setzt eine neue Schneide ein. Die aus der DE 10 2011 004 536 A1 bekannte Mehrprofilfräsvorrichtung ist mit einem ersten Werkzeug, das sich in einer Arbeitsstellung befindet und einem zweiten Werkzeug, das in eine Arbeitsstellung gebracht werden kann ausgerüstet. Zwischen einem Schiebezylinder für das zweite Werkzeug und dem Werkzeug ist eine zusätzliche Spindel vorgesehen. Wenn das zweite Werkzeug in Arbeitsstellung ist, überlagert das Bearbeitungsprofil des zweiten Werkzeugs so das Bearbeitungsprofil des ersten Werkzeugs, dass ein zu bearbeitendes Werkstück das zweite Bearbeitungsprofil erhält.The U.S. 4,541,165 A discloses an automatic cutting edge changer for changing the cutting edges on a tool. If a sensor detects wear or chipping on the cutting edges, the cutting edge changer moves the cutting insert out of its cutting position and inserts a new cutting edge. The ones from the DE 10 2011 004 536 A1 known multi-profile milling device is equipped with a first tool which is in a working position and a second tool which can be brought into a working position. An additional spindle is provided between a sliding cylinder for the second tool and the tool. When the second tool is in the working position, the machining profile of the second tool is superimposed on the machining profile of the first tool so that a workpiece to be machined receives the second machining profile.

Die DE 10 2013 226 214 A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks aus Holz, Holzwerkstoffen, Kunststoffen oder dergleichen, die zwei Fräswerkzeuge für eine Konturbearbeitung einer Kante des Werkstücks aufweist. Das zweite Fräswerkzeug ist gegenüber dem ersten Fräswerkzeug zwischen einer Ruhestellung, in der das erste Fräswerkzeug mit dem Werkstück in Eingriff bringbar ist, und einer Bearbeitungsstellung, in der das zweite Fräswerkzeug mit dem Werkstück in Eingriff bringbar ist, verstellbar. Über ein drittes Fräswerkzeug, das koaxial zu den beiden anderen Fräswerkzeugen angeordnet ist, kann die Kante am Werkstück bündig gefräst werden.The DE 10 2013 226 214 A1 discloses a device for machining a workpiece made of wood, wood-based materials, plastics or the like, which has two milling tools for contour machining an edge of the workpiece. The second milling tool is adjustable with respect to the first milling tool between a rest position in which the first milling tool can be brought into engagement with the workpiece, and a machining position in which the second milling tool can be brought into engagement with the workpiece. A third milling tool, which is arranged coaxially to the other two milling tools, can be used to mill the edge flush on the workpiece.

Die EP 2 011 614 A1 offenbart ein Fräswerkzeug mit zwei Bearbeitungswerkzeugen, die relativ zueinander verschiebbar angeordnet sind.The EP 2 011 614 A1 discloses a milling tool with two machining tools which are arranged to be displaceable relative to one another.

Bei dem aus der EP 2 974 840 A1 bekannten Verarbeitungswerkzeug für Quadriermaschinen kann dessen Dicke eingestellt werden.The one from the EP 2 974 840 A1 known processing tool for squaring machines, its thickness can be adjusted.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen automatischen Profilwechsel von mindestens drei oder mehr Profilen bei stehendem Werkzeug ohne Werkzeugwechsel prozesssicher zu ermöglichen.Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of enabling an automatic profile change of at least three or more profiles with a stationary tool without changing tools.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen geben die Unteransprüche an.The problem is solved by the independent claims. The subclaims indicate advantageous refinements.

Zur Problemlösung zeichnet sich das gattungsgemäße Fräswerkzeug dadurch aus, dass mindestens zwei zwischen einer Ruheposition und einer Bearbeitungsposition verschiebbar angeordnete Bearbeitungswerkzeuge vorgesehen sind.In order to solve the problem, the generic milling tool is characterized in that at least two machining tools are provided which are arranged displaceably between a rest position and a machining position.

Durch diese Ausgestaltung nimmt der Mechanismus zum Wechseln des Profils einen geringen Bauraum ein und das Fräswerkzeug ist einfach gestaltet. Im Grunde genommen können eine Vielzahl zweiter Bearbeitungswerkzeuge vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise ist die mit in Axialrichtung weisenden Nocken versehene Nockenscheibe inkremental verdrehbar. Dadurch ist es möglich, durch eine axiale Hin- und Rückhubbewegung die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge in ihre Bearbeitungsposition zu bringen.With this configuration, the mechanism for changing the profile takes up little space and the milling tool is simple. Basically, a large number of second processing tools can be provided. The cam disk, which is provided with cams pointing in the axial direction, can preferably be rotated incrementally. This makes it possible to bring the machining tools into their machining position by means of an axial back and forth stroke movement.

Hierzu ist das erste Bearbeitungswerkzeug vorzugsweise mit einem Grundkörper starr verbunden, der drehfest mit dem Gehäuse gekoppelt ist. Insbesondere vorzugsweise ist das Bearbeitungswerkzeug mit dem Grundkörper verschraubt.For this purpose, the first machining tool is preferably rigidly connected to a base body which is coupled to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. In particular, the machining tool is preferably screwed to the base body.

Die Nockenscheibe kann mit einem hülsenförmigen Druckring verbunden sein, der mindestens eine, vorzugsweise drei, radial nach innen hervorstehende Kugeln (als Kulissensteine) aufweist, die in einer mäanderförmigen Umfangsnut (als Kulisse) einer drehfest mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Rasthülse läuft und eine Kulissenführung bildet, wobei der Innendurchmesser des Druckrings größer ist als der Außendurchmesser der Rasthülse.The cam disk can be connected to a sleeve-shaped pressure ring, which has at least one, preferably three, balls protruding radially inwards (as sliding blocks), which run in a meandering circumferential groove (as a sliding link) of a locking sleeve connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner and which forms a sliding block guide, wherein the inner diameter of the pressure ring is larger than the outer diameter of the locking sleeve.

Die Kugel bzw. die Kugeln sind vorzugsweise (mit Spiel) in einer radialen Bohrung in der Innenwandung des Druckringes angeordnet und dabei vorzugsweise über eine Madenschraube radial zur Rasthülse hin einstellbar.The ball or balls are preferably arranged (with play) in a radial bore in the inner wall of the pressure ring and are preferably adjustable radially towards the locking sleeve via a grub screw.

Wenn der Mäander spitzwinklig verläuft (zick-zack-Ausbildung), sodass die mindestens eine Kugel entweder im Uhrzeigersinn oder nur im Gegenuhrzeigersinn führbar ist, kann sich bei der Richtungsumkehr der Hubbewegung kein Umkehrpunkt einstellen. Hierzu ist vorzugsweise an den Umkehrpunkten der Nut eine Überlappung in Laufrichtung der Kugel vorgesehen.If the meander runs at an acute angle (zigzag formation) so that the at least one ball can be guided either clockwise or only counterclockwise, no reversal point can occur when the direction of the stroke is reversed. For this purpose, an overlap in the running direction of the ball is preferably provided at the reversal points of the groove.

Die Nockenscheibe ist mit dem Druckring vorzugsweise drehfest und in Axialrichtung verschiebbar verbunden. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn zwischen dem Druckring und dem Grundkörper mindestens eine in Axialrichtung wirkende Druckfeder vorgesehen ist.The cam disk is preferably connected to the pressure ring so as to be non-rotatable and displaceable in the axial direction. It is advantageous if at least one compression spring acting in the axial direction is provided between the pressure ring and the base body.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist es, wenn jedes verschiebbar angeordnete Bearbeitungswerkzeug auf einem Teilkreis regelmäßig beabstandete Zylinderstifte aufweist, die parallel zur Rotationsachse verlaufen und mit auf der Nockenscheibe angeordneten Nocken in Wirkverbindung bringbar sind. Dadurch wird das Ineingriffbringen der Nockenscheibe mit dem jeweiligen Bearbeitungswerkzeug vereinfacht.It is also advantageous if each displaceably arranged machining tool has regularly spaced cylindrical pins on a pitch circle, which run parallel to the axis of rotation and can be brought into operative connection with cams arranged on the cam disk. This simplifies the engagement of the cam disk with the respective machining tool.

Die mindestens eine Druckfeder ist vorzugsweise in einem Federring axial geführt und der Federring ist über ein Axiallager drehbar zum Druckring gelagert. Zwischen dem feststehenden Bearbeitungswerkzeug und dem oder den verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeugen (mindestens zweites Bearbeitungswerkzeug) sind jeweils eine bzw. drei Druckfedern angeordnet.The at least one compression spring is preferably guided axially in a spring ring and the spring ring is rotatably mounted in relation to the pressure ring via an axial bearing. One or three compression springs are arranged between the stationary processing tool and the displaceable processing tool or tools (at least the second processing tool).

Der Druckring kann spindelseitig mit einer geschlossenen umlaufenden Stirnfläche versehen sein, die als Lauffläche für ein Rollelement dient. Durch diese Ausgestaltung werden die Betätigungskräfte für das Einstellen der Bearbeitungsposition der Bearbeitungswerkzeuge reduziert.The pressure ring can be provided on the spindle side with a closed circumferential end face which serves as a running surface for a rolling element. This configuration reduces the operating forces for setting the machining position of the machining tools.

Jedes Bearbeitungswerkzeug ist vorzugsweise mit einer Mehrzahl von Schneiden versehen, wobei die Schneiden an jedem einzelnen Bearbeitungswerkzeug identisch profiliert sind, aber jedes der Bearbeitungswerkzeuge anders profilierte Schneiden aufweist. Denkbar ist auch, dass zwei Bearbeitungswerkzeuge Schneiden aufweisen, die identisch profiliert sind.Each machining tool is preferably provided with a plurality of cutting edges, the cutting edges being profiled identically on each individual machining tool, but each of the machining tools having differently profiled cutting edges having. It is also conceivable that two machining tools have cutting edges that are identically profiled.

Bevorzugt sind die Profile der Schneiden Radien oder Fasen und das feststehende Bearbeitungswerkzeug trägt die Schneide mit dem größten Radius.The profiles of the cutting edges are preferably radii or chamfers and the fixed machining tool carries the cutting edge with the largest radius.

Wenn der Druckring spindelseitig mit Markierungen für die jeweiligen Schneiden versehen ist, die mit einer Markierung im Gehäuse zusammen wirken kann in Abhängigkeit der Drehlage des Druckrings das jeweils aktive Schneidenprofil indiziert und für den Betrachter sichtbar gemacht werden.If the pressure ring is provided on the spindle side with markings for the respective cutting edges, which interact with a marking in the housing, depending on the rotational position of the pressure ring, the respective active cutting edge profile can be indicated and made visible to the viewer.

Eine Bearbeitungsvorrichtung, die mit einem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Werkzeug versehen ist, weist eine axial bewegbare Betätigungseinrichtung auf, mit der eine Ausrückbewegung und ein Rückhub ausführbar ist, und die über mindestens ein Druckelement und ein Rollelement verfügt. Das Druckelement ist bevorzugt ein gefederter Bolzen und das Rollelement eine Kugelrolle.A machining device which is provided with a tool designed according to the invention has an axially movable actuating device with which a disengaging movement and a return stroke can be carried out and which has at least one pressure element and one rolling element. The pressure element is preferably a spring-loaded bolt and the rolling element is a ball roller.

Ein Verfahren zum Bedienen dieser Bearbeitungsvorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass bei der Ausrückbewegung der Betätigungseinrichtung in einem ersten Schritt der Kontakt zwischen den axial bewegbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeugen und der Nockenscheibe gelöst wird, in einem zweiten Schritt über die mäanderförmige Nut in der Rasthülse und die mindestens eine Kugel in dem Druckring die Nockenscheibe in Drehung versetzt wird, die Drehbewegung der Nockenscheibe bei dem sich anschließenden Rückhub der Betätigungseinrichtung abgeschlossen wird und in einem dritten Schritt am Ende des Rückhubs die axial bewegbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge wieder zur Anlage an der Nockenscheibe gelangen.A method for operating this machining device is characterized in that, during the disengaging movement of the actuating device, the contact between the axially movable machining tools and the cam disk is released in a first step, in a second step via the meandering groove in the locking sleeve and the at least one ball in the pressure ring the cam disk is set in rotation, the rotary movement of the cam disk is completed during the subsequent return stroke of the actuating device and in a third step at the end of the return stroke the axially movable machining tools come to rest on the cam disk again.

Mit Hilfe einer Zeichnung soll ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung nachfolgend beschrieben werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
- ein Fräswerkzeug in Explosionsdarstellung;
Figur 2
- eine weitere Explosionsdarstellung des Fräswerkzeuges nach Figur 1;
Figur 3
- die perspektivische Darstellung des Fräswerkzeuges mit Betätigungseinrichung von der Bearbeitungsseite;
Figur 4
- die perspektivische Darstellung des Werkzeugs mit Betätigungseinrichtung von der Spindelseite;
Figur 5
- den Axialschnitt durch das Fräswerkzeug;
Figur 6
- eine Explosionsdarstellung der Verstellmechanik;
Figur 7
- Die Verstellmechanik im Halbschnitt
Figur 8
- eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung durch das Fräswerkzeug von der Bearbeitungsseite;
Figur 9
- eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung durch das Fräswerkzeug von der Spindelseite;
Figur 10
- eine Schnittdarstellung des Fräswerkzeugs mit dem sich in Bearbeitungsposition befindlichen feststehenden Bearbeitungswerkzeug;
Figur 11
- die Darstellung des Werkzeugs während der ersten Phase eines Profilwechsels im Axialschnitt;
Figur 12
- die Darstellung nach Figur 11 während einer zweiten Phase eines Profilwechsels;
Figur 13
- die Darstellung des Werkzeugs nach Figur 11 während einer dritten Phase;
Figur 14
- die Darstellung des Werkzeugs nach Figur 11 während einer vierten Phase;
Figur 15
- die Darstellung des Fräswerkzeugs nach Figur 11 nach Beendigung eines Profilwechsels;
Figur 16
- die perspektivische Darstellung des Fräswerkzeugs ohne Grundkörper und Gehäuse;
Figur 17
- die Seitenansicht des Fräswerkzeugs nach Figur 16;
Figur 18
- die Darstellung des Fräswerkzeugs nach Figur 16 mit dem ersten verschiebbar angeordneten Bearbeitungswerkzeug in Bearbeitungsposition;
Figur 19
- die Seitenansicht des Fräswerkzeugs nach Figur 18;
Figur 20
- die Darstellung des Fräswerkzeuges nach Figuren 16 bzw. 18 mit dem zweiten verschiebbar angeordneten Bearbeitungswerkzeug in Bearbeitungsposition;
Figur 21
- die Seitenansicht des Werkzeugs nach Figur 20;
Figur 22
- die Prinzipdarstellung eines Profilwechsels.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described below with the aid of a drawing. Show it:
Figure 1
- a milling tool in an exploded view;
Figure 2
- Another exploded view of the milling tool after Figure 1 ;
Figure 3
- The perspective view of the milling tool with actuating device from the machining side;
Figure 4
- The perspective view of the tool with the actuating device from the spindle side;
Figure 5
- the axial section through the milling tool;
Figure 6
- An exploded view of the adjustment mechanism;
Figure 7
- The adjustment mechanism in half cut
Figure 8
a perspective sectional view through the milling tool from the machining side;
Figure 9
- A perspective sectional view through the milling tool from the spindle side;
Figure 10
a sectional view of the milling tool with the stationary machining tool in the machining position;
Figure 11
- the representation of the tool during the first phase of a profile change in axial section;
Figure 12
- the representation after Figure 11 during a second phase of a profile change;
Figure 13
- the representation of the tool after Figure 11 during a third phase;
Figure 14
- the representation of the tool after Figure 11 during a fourth phase;
Figure 15
- the representation of the milling tool according to Figure 11 after completion of a profile change;
Figure 16
- The perspective view of the milling tool without the base body and housing;
Figure 17
- the side view of the milling tool according to Figure 16 ;
Figure 18
- the representation of the milling tool according to Figure 16 with the first displaceably arranged machining tool in the machining position;
Figure 19
- the side view of the milling tool according to Figure 18 ;
Figure 20
- the representation of the milling tool according to Figures 16 or 18 with the second displaceably arranged machining tool in the machining position;
Figure 21
- the side view of the tool Figure 20 ;
Figure 22
- the basic representation of a profile change.

Das erfindungsgemäße Fräswerkzeug besteht aus einem Grundkörper 4, der ein über Schrauben 29 fest verbundenes erstes Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 mit einem ersten Schneidenprofil 31 und mindestens ein zweites axial verschiebbares Bearbeitungswerkzeug 2 mit einem zweiten Schneideprofil 32 trägt. Der Grundkörper 4 ist mit einem Flanschbereich 30 mit Bohrungen zur Aufnahme von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen 1, 2, 3 und mit einer Schnittstelle zur Befestigung mit einem drehbaren Antrieb (Maschinenspindel, nicht dargestellt) ausgeführt, z. B. einer Bohrung 25, vorteilhaft mit einer konischen Bohrung zur spielfreien Zentrierung. Umfangseitig ist das Fräswerkzeug durch ein Gehäuse 11 verschlossen, das über Madenschrauben 40, die in korrespondierende Nuten 44 in dem Grundkörper 4 eingreifen, drehfest und axial verschiebbar mit diesem verbunden ist (vgl. Figur 5).The milling tool according to the invention consists of a base body 4, which carries a first machining tool 1 firmly connected by screws 29 with a first cutting profile 31 and at least one second axially displaceable machining tool 2 with a second cutting profile 32. The base body 4 has a flange region 30 with bores for receiving machining tools 1, 2, 3 and with an interface for attachment to a rotatable drive (machine spindle, not shown), z. B. a bore 25, advantageously with a conical bore for centering without play. The milling tool is closed on the circumference by a housing 11, which is connected to the base body 4 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via grub screws 40 which engage in corresponding grooves 44 in the base body 4 (cf. Figure 5 ).

Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel weist ein fest mit dem Grundkörper 4 verschraubtes Werkzeug 1 mit einem Schneidenprofil 31 und zwei axial verschiebbare Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 mit jeweils einem Schneidenprofil 32, 33 auf, die auf unterschiedlichen koaxial angeordneten Zylinderflächen des Grundkörpers 4 geführt sind. Über Federn 26, 27 werden die verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 in axialer Richtung gegenüber dem festen Werkzeug 1 verspannt und über Zylinderstifte 37, 38 sind sie drehfest und axial verschiebbar mit dem Grundkörper 4 verbunden. Die Zylinderstifte 37, 38 greifen durch die Bohrungen 37.1, 38.1 im Flansch des Grundkörpers 4 durch, um mit einer Nockenscheibe 7 zusammenzuwirken. Durch die Federn 26, 27 werden die axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 vom festen Werkzeug 1 weg gedrückt. Die in axiale Richtung ragende Nocken 17 aufweisende Nockenscheibe 7 ist drehbar in dem Grundkörper 4 gelagert und durch einen Sicherungsring 10 axial fixiert.The illustrated embodiment has a tool 1 firmly screwed to the base body 4 with a cutting edge profile 31 and two axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 each with a cutting edge profile 32, 33, which are guided on different coaxially arranged cylinder surfaces of the base body 4. The displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are braced in the axial direction relative to the fixed tool 1 via springs 26, 27 and they are connected to the base body 4 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via cylindrical pins 37, 38. The cylindrical pins 37, 38 reach through the bores 37.1, 38.1 in the flange of the base body 4 in order to interact with a cam disk 7. The axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are pressed away from the fixed tool 1 by the springs 26, 27. The cam disk 7, which has cams 17 protruding in the axial direction, is rotatably mounted in the base body 4 and axially fixed by a locking ring 10.

Die axiale Position der beweglichen Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 wird durch die Winkelstellung der Nockenscheibe 4 zwischen einer Arbeitsposition und einer Ruheposition verändert. Ist die Stellung der Nocken 17 so, dass keines der Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 über die Zylinderstifte 37, 38 Kontakt mit den Nocken 17 hat, liegen beide axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 mit ihrer Rückenplanfläche 39 am Grundkörper 4 an und die Schneidenprofile 32, 33 befinden sich außerhalb der Bearbeitungsposition (in Ruheposition). Das feste Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 befindet sich in Arbeitsposition. Ist die Stellung der Nocken 17 so, dass eines der beiden axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 mit seinen Zylinderstiften 37, 38 an den Nocken 17 der Nockenscheibe 7 anliegt, so befindet sich dieses Bearbeitungswerkzeug 2, 3 mit seinem Schneidenprofil in Arbeitsposition.The axial position of the movable machining tools 2, 3 is changed by the angular position of the cam disk 4 between a working position and a rest position. If the position of the cams 17 is such that none of the machining tools 2, 3 has contact with the cams 17 via the cylinder pins 37, 38, then both axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 rest with their flat back surface 39 on the base body 4 and the cutting edge profiles 32, 33 are outside the machining position (in rest position). The fixed processing tool 1 is in the working position. If the position of the cams 17 is such that one of the two axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 rests with its cylinder pins 37, 38 on the cams 17 of the cam disk 7, this machining tool 2, 3 is in the working position with its cutting edge profile.

Vorteilhaft sind die zu erzeugenden, verschiedenen Kantenprofile (Radien und Fasen) so auf die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 1, 2, 3 verteilt, dass das feste Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 den größten Profilradius aufweist und die kleineren Profilradien und Faseprofile den axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeugen 2, 3 zugeordnet werden. Werden alle Schneidenprofile 31, 32, 33 so ausgelegt, dass sie in Arbeitsposition denselben Referenzpunkt für die "Leimfuge" aufweisen, wird das Profil des festen Bearbeitungswerkzeugs 2, 3 immer von dem Profil eines axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeugs 1 überlappt, sodass nur dieses axial verschiebbare Bearbeitungswerkzeug 2, 3 profilgebend ist.The different edge profiles to be generated (radii and chamfers) are advantageously distributed over the machining tools 1, 2, 3 in such a way that the fixed machining tool 1 has the largest profile radius and the smaller profile radii and chamfer profiles are assigned to the axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3. If all cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are designed so that they have the same reference point for the "glue line" in the working position, the profile of the fixed processing tool 2, 3 is always overlapped by the profile of an axially displaceable processing tool 1, so that only this axially displaceable processing tool 2, 3 is profiling.

Die Nockenscheibe 7 bildet zusammen mit der Rasthülse 5 und dem Druckring 9 die eigentliche Verstellmechanik für den Profilwechsel. Hierzu ist die Rasthülse 5 fest mit dem Gehäuse 4 verbunden, z. B. über Madenschrauben 34. An ihrem Umfang weist die Rasthülse 5 eine umlaufende im Wesentlichen zickzackförmig verlaufende Nut 18 auf, die als Kulisse für eine Kulissenführung dient. Die Nut 18 besitzt einen halbkreisförmigen Querschnitt und dient als Laufbahn für mindestens eine Kugel 19. Umfangseitig wirkt die Rasthülse 5 mit einem Druckring 9 zusammen, der über mindestens eine Kugel 19, vorzugsweise drei Kugeln, über die Nut 18 mit der Rasthülse 5 beweglich verbunden ist. Die Bewegung zwischen Rasthülse 5 und Druckring 9 ist durch den mäanderförmigen Verlauf der Nut 18 zwangsgeführt. Der Druckring 9 ist wiederum über Vorsprünge 15, die in Nuten 16 der Nockenscheibe 7 eingreifen, drehfest und axial verschiebbar mit dieser verbunden.The cam disk 7, together with the locking sleeve 5 and the pressure ring 9, forms the actual adjustment mechanism for the profile change. For this purpose, the locking sleeve 5 is firmly connected to the housing 4, for. B. via grub screws 34. On its circumference, the locking sleeve 5 has a circumferential, essentially zigzag-shaped groove 18 which serves as a backdrop for a link guide. The groove 18 has a semicircular cross-section and serves as a track for at least one ball 19. On the circumference, the locking sleeve 5 interacts with a pressure ring 9 which is movably connected to the locking sleeve 5 via the groove 18 via at least one ball 19, preferably three balls . The movement between the locking sleeve 5 and the pressure ring 9 is forcibly guided by the meandering shape of the groove 18. The pressure ring 9 is in turn connected to the cam disk 7 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner via projections 15 which engage in grooves 16 of the cam disk 7.

Zur Durchführung eines Profilwechsels wird im Stillstand des Fräswerkzeugs über eine antriebseitig angeordnete Betätigungseinrichtung 21 in axialer Richtung auf das Gehäuse 11 und den Druckring 9 gedrückt. Die Betätigungseinrichtung 21 ist spindelseitig angeordnet und über Bohrungen 23 mit einer linearen Bewegungseinheit, z. B. einem Pneumatikolben (nicht dargestellt) verbunden. In Richtung des Fräswerkzeugs verfügt die Betätigungseinrichtung 21 über mindestens einen gefederten Bolzen 35, der auf das Gehäuse 11 wirkt, und über mindestens ein radial weiter innen sitzendes Rollelement 36, das auf den Druckring 9 wirkt. Der Druckring 9 verfügt im Kontaktbereich des mindestens einen Rollelements 36 über eine umlaufende durchgehende Lauffläche. Im Bearbeitungszustand besteht kein Kontakt zwischen der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 und dem Fräswerkzeug (Spalt), sodass das Fräswerkzeug rotierend angetrieben werden kann.To carry out a profile change, when the milling tool is at a standstill, an actuating device 21 arranged on the drive side is used to press in the axial direction onto the housing 11 and the pressure ring 9. The actuating device 21 is arranged on the spindle side and via bores 23 with a linear movement unit, for. B. a pneumatic piston (not shown) connected. In the direction of the milling tool, the actuation device 21 has at least one spring-loaded bolt 35, which acts on the housing 11, and at least one rolling element 36, which is located radially further inward, and which acts on the pressure ring 9. In the contact area of the at least one rolling element 36, the pressure ring 9 has an encircling, continuous one Tread. In the processing state, there is no contact between the actuating device 21 and the milling tool (gap), so that the milling tool can be driven to rotate.

Zur Durchführung eines Profilwechsels wird das rotierende Fräswerkzeug zunächst angehalten. Bei dem Profilwechsel lassen sich vier Phasen unterscheiden.To carry out a profile change, the rotating milling tool is first stopped. There are four phases in the profile change.

In Phase 1 wird zunächst das Gehäuse 11 durch die Ausrückbewegung der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 über die gefederten Bolzen gegen die Kraft der Federn 26, 27 in Richtung der Bearbeitungsseite A geschoben. Dabei nimmt das Gehäuse 11 über seine Stirnfläche die beiden axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 mit, bis diese an das feststehende Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 anschlagen, sodass die Zylinderstifte 37, 38 außerhalb des Kontaktbereichs mit der Nockenscheibe 7 gelangen und kein Kontakt mehr zwischen der Rückenplanfläche 39 und dem Grundkörper 4 besteht. Die Gesamtfederkraft der gefederten Bolzen 35 muss dazu größer sein als die Gesamtfederkraft der Federn 26, 27. In diesem Zustand ist die Nockenscheibe 7 entlastet, wodurch sich die Reibung bei ihrer sich anschließenden Drehbewegung verringert. Während dieser Phase werden die gefederten Bolzen 35 nicht komprimiert.In phase 1, the housing 11 is first pushed by the disengaging movement of the actuating device 21 via the spring-loaded bolts against the force of the springs 26, 27 in the direction of the machining side A. The housing 11 takes the two axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 with it via its end face until they strike the stationary machining tool 1, so that the cylinder pins 37, 38 come outside of the contact area with the cam disk 7 and there is no longer any contact between the back plane surface 39 and the base body 4 consists. For this purpose, the total spring force of the spring-loaded bolts 35 must be greater than the total spring force of the springs 26, 27. In this state, the cam disk 7 is relieved, which reduces the friction during its subsequent rotary movement. During this phase, the sprung bolts 35 are not compressed.

In Phase 2 drückt das Rollelement 36 gegen die Lauffläche des Druckrings 9 und verschiebt diesen ebenfalls axial in Richtung der Bearbeitungsseite A. Die gefederten Bolzen 35 geben dabei nach. Da das Gehäuse 11 über den Kontakt mit den gefederten Bolzen 35 drehfest arretiert ist und das Gehäuse 11 wiederum über Formschluss drehfest mit dem Grundkörper 4 und der Rasthülse 5 gekoppelt ist, wird bei axialem Druck auf den Druckring 9 über die Kulissenführung eine Drehbewegung des Druckrings 9 erzwungen, bis die mindestens eine Kugel 19 den bearbeitungsseitigen Umkehrpunkt der Kulissenführung erreicht. Über die Formschlusselemente 15, 16 wird die Drehbewegung des Druckrings 9 auf die Nockenscheibe 7 übertragen. Die Nocken 17 nehmen dabei eine andere Position gegenüber den Bearbeitungswerkzeugen 2, 3 ein.In phase 2, the rolling element 36 presses against the running surface of the pressure ring 9 and also moves it axially in the direction of the machining side A. The spring-loaded bolts 35 give way. Since the housing 11 is locked in a rotationally fixed manner via the contact with the spring-loaded bolts 35 and the housing 11 is in turn coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the base body 4 and the locking sleeve 5 by means of a positive fit, a rotational movement of the pressure ring 9 occurs when there is axial pressure on the pressure ring 9 via the link guide forced until the at least one ball 19 reaches the processing-side reversal point of the link guide. The rotational movement of the pressure ring 9 is transmitted to the cam disk 7 via the form-fit elements 15, 16. The cams 17 assume a different position in relation to the machining tools 2, 3.

Mit der Rückhubbewegung der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 setzt Phase 3 ein. Die Drehbewegung von Druckring 9 und Nockenscheibe 7 wird nun durch die Federkraft der Federn 28 bewirkt und setzt sich fort bis die mindestens eine Kugel 19 den spindelseitigen Umkehrpunkt der Kulisse erreicht. In dieser Stellung ist der Druckring 9 und mit ihm auch die Nockenscheibe 7 verriegelt.With the return stroke movement of the actuating device 21, phase 3 begins. The rotary movement of the pressure ring 9 and the cam disk 7 is now caused by the spring force the springs 28 causes and continues until the at least one ball 19 reaches the spindle-side reversal point of the link. In this position the pressure ring 9 and with it the cam disk 7 are locked.

In Phase 4 werden die axial verschiebbaren Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2, 3 mit Hilfe der Federn 26, 27 in Richtung Spindelseite B verschoben, bis sie je nach Lage der Nockenscheibe 7 entweder mit ihren Zylinderstiften 37, 38 an den Nocken 17 der Nockenscheibe 7 oder mit ihrer Rückenplanfläche 39 am Grundkörper 4 anliegen.In phase 4, the axially displaceable machining tools 2, 3 are moved with the help of the springs 26, 27 in the direction of the spindle side B until, depending on the position of the cam disk 7, they are either with their cylindrical pins 37, 38 on the cams 17 of the cam disk 7 or with their back plane surface 39 rest on the base body 4.

Nach Beendigung des Profilwechsels hat die Betätigungseinrichtung 21 keinen Kontakt mit dem Werkzeug mehr (Spalt).After the end of the profile change, the actuating device 21 no longer has any contact with the tool (gap).

Die im Wesentlichen zickzackförmig verlaufende Nut 16 der Rasthülse 5 ist dabei so ausgelegt, dass sich die Nockenscheibe 7 in inkrementalen Schritten immer in dieselbe Richtung - also entweder im Uhrzeigersinn oder im Gegenuhrzeigersinn - dreht, sodass nach Beendigung eines Betätigungszyklus, bestehend aus Ausrückund Rückstellbewegung (Hin- und Rückhub), die Nocken 17 der Nockenscheibe 7 in einer veränderten Drehwinkellage zu den Bearbeitungswerkzeugen 2, 3 stehen. Hierzu weist die im Wesentlichen zickzackförmige Nut 16 der Rasthülse 5 (Kulissenführung) an den Umkehrpunkten eine Überlappung in Laufrichtung der Kugel 19 auf, damit sich bei Richtungsumkehr der Hubbewegung kein Totpunkt einstellen kann und die mindestens eine Kugel 19 die Kulissenführung in einer Richtung durchläuft.The essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 of the locking sleeve 5 is designed in such a way that the cam disk 7 always rotates in incremental steps in the same direction - i.e. either clockwise or counterclockwise - so that after the end of an actuation cycle consisting of disengaging and resetting movements (outward - and return stroke), the cams 17 of the cam disk 7 are in a changed rotational angle position to the machining tools 2, 3. For this purpose, the essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 of the locking sleeve 5 (link guide) at the reversal points has an overlap in the running direction of the ball 19, so that when the stroke movement is reversed, no dead center can occur and the at least one ball 19 passes through the link guide in one direction.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung weisen die schrägen Bereiche der im Wesentlichen zickzackförmigen Nut 16 unterschiedliche Steigungen auf. Bei einer derartigen Ausführung ist eine Überlappung der zickzackförmigen Nut 16 nur an den Umkehrpunkten von der großen zur kleinen Steigung erforderlich. Vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführung, bei der die Nutbereiche in Richtung der durch die Betätigungseinrichtung 21 ausgelösten Ausrückbewegung eine größere Steigung aufweisen als die Nutbereiche in Richtung der durch die Federn 28 ausgelösten Rückstellbewegung. Durch die unterschiedlichen Steigungen kann der Reibwiderstand an unterschiedliche Kräfte bei der Ausrück- und Rückhubbewegung angepasst werden und der Verschleiß der Kulisse reduziert werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführung, bei der die Steigung der steiler verlaufenden Nutbereiche in Bewegungsrichtung der Kugel 19 degressiv abnimmt. Durch einen derartigen Nutverlauf kann der Kraftimpuls bei einer schlagartig einsetzenden Ausrückbewegung gemindert und der Verschleiß an der Kulissenführung minimiert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the inclined areas of the essentially zigzag-shaped groove 16 have different slopes. In such an embodiment, an overlap of the zigzag groove 16 is only required at the reversal points from the large to the small slope. An embodiment is advantageous in which the groove areas in the direction of the disengaging movement triggered by the actuating device 21 have a greater gradient than the groove areas in the direction of the restoring movement triggered by the springs 28. Due to the different gradients, the frictional resistance can be adapted to different forces during the release and return stroke movement and the wear of the link can be reduced. An embodiment in which the slope of the steeper groove areas in the direction of movement of the ball 19 decreases degressively. Such a groove course can reduce the force impulse in the event of a sudden disengagement movement and minimize wear on the link guide.

Die Teilung von Kulissenführung und Nocken bzw. Zylinderstiften 37, 38 ist zweckmäßiger Weise so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass nach jedem Betätigungszyklus ein anderes Werkzeug in Arbeitsposition gebracht wird. Aufgrund der Vorspannung durch die Federn 28 und dem zickzackförmigen Verlauf der Nut 16 rastet die Vorrichtung nach jedem Schaltzyklus (Profilwechsel) in der neuen Position ein.The division of the link guide and cams or cylinder pins 37, 38 is expediently coordinated with one another in such a way that a different tool is brought into the working position after each actuation cycle. Due to the bias by the springs 28 and the zigzag shape of the groove 16, the device locks into the new position after each switching cycle (profile change).

Der Druckring 9 verändert nach jedem Schaltvorgang seine Winkelstellung gegenüber dem Gehäuse 11. Da jeder Winkelstellung eindeutig ein Schneidenprofil 31, 32, 33 zugeordnet werden kann, kann die Winkelstellung des Druckrings 9 relativ zum Gehäuse 11 zur Indizierung des jeweils aktiven Schneidenprofils 31, 32, 33 auf der Spindelseite B des Fräswerkzeugs genutzt werden, indem z. B. am Gehäuse 11 eine Indexierungs-Markierung 43 angebracht wird und an dem Druckring 9 unterschiedliche Markierungen 42 für die verschiedenen Schneidenprofile 31, 32, 33, sodass immer die der Indexierungs-Markierung gegenüberliegende Profil-Markierung das aktive Schneidenprofil 31, 32, 33 anzeigt (Prinzip "Parkscheibe"). Diese Erkennungsmöglichkeit des aktiven Schneidenprofils 31, 32, 33 ist insbesondere erforderlich zum Referenzieren der Maschinensteuerung bei der Erstinbetriebnahme oder nach Störungen. Die spindelseitig angebrachten Markierungen 42 sind von der Bedienerseite gut einsehbar, während die Schneidenprofile 31, 32, 33 in der Regel nicht zugänglich sind, da sie von einer Absaughaube verdeckt werden.The pressure ring 9 changes its angular position with respect to the housing 11 after each switching operation. Since each angular position can be clearly assigned a cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33, the angular position of the pressure ring 9 relative to the housing 11 can be used to index the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 be used on the spindle side B of the milling tool by z. B. an index marking 43 is attached to the housing 11 and different markings 42 for the various cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are attached to the pressure ring 9, so that the profile marking opposite the indexing marking always shows the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 ("Parking disc" principle). This possibility of recognizing the active cutting edge profile 31, 32, 33 is particularly necessary for referencing the machine control during initial start-up or after malfunctions. The markings 42 attached on the spindle side are easily visible from the operator's side, while the cutting edge profiles 31, 32, 33 are generally not accessible because they are covered by a suction hood.

Schaltzyklus für Profilwechsel:Switching cycle for profile change:

Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 in Arbeitsposition

  • → Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 2 und 3 sind zurückgestellt
    1. Mal Schalten durch axiales Drücken der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 Bearbeitungswerkzeug 2 in Arbeitsposition
  • → Bearbeitungswerkzeug 2 vorgeschoben 3 zurückgestellt
    2. Mal Schalten durch axiales Drücken der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 Bearbeitungswerkzeug 3 in Arbeitsposition
  • → Bearbeitungswerkzeug 3 vorgeschoben 2 zurückgestellt
    3. Mal Schalten durch axiales Drücken der Betätigungseinrichtung 21 Bearbeitungswerkzeug 1 wieder in Arbeitsposition.
Machining tool 1 in working position
  • → Processing tools 2 and 3 are reset
    1st time switching by axially pressing the actuating device 21 machining tool 2 in working position
  • → Processing tool 2 advanced 3 set back
    2nd time switching by axially pressing the actuating device 21 Machining tool 3 in working position
  • → Processing tool 3 advanced 2 set back
    3rd time switching by axially pressing the actuating device 21 machining tool 1 back into working position.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
Erstes Bearbeitungswerkzeug (fest)First processing tool (fixed)
22
Zweites Bearbeitungswerkzeug (axial verschiebbar)Second machining tool (axially movable)
33
Drittes Bearbeitungswerkzeug (axial verschiebbar)Third machining tool (axially movable)
44th
GrundkörperBase body
55
RasthülseLocking sleeve
66th
FederringSpring washer
77th
NockenscheibeCam disc
88th
AxiallagerThrust bearings
99
DruckringPressure ring
1010
SicherungsringLocking ring
1111
Gehäusecasing
1212
Schraubescrew
1313
Ringring
1414th
SicherungsringLocking ring
1515th
Vorsprunghead Start
1616
NutGroove
1717th
Nockencam
1818th
Nut (Kulisse)Groove (backdrop)
1919th
KugelBullet
2020th
MadenschraubeGrub screw
2121st
BetätigungseinrichtungActuator
2222nd
TragkörperSupport body
2323
BefestigungsbohrungMounting hole
2424
Gewindebohrung (für Madenschraube)Threaded hole (for grub screw)
2525th
Bohrung (Schnittstelle zur Maschinenspindel)Bore (interface to the machine spindle)
2626th
Federfeather
2727
Federfeather
2828
Federfeather
2929
Schraubescrew
3030th
FlanschbereichFlange area
3131
erstes Schneidenprofilfirst cutting edge profile
3232
zweites Schneidenprofilsecond cutting edge profile
3333
drittes Schneidenprofilthird cutting profile
3434
MadenschraubeGrub screw
3535
Gefederter Bolzen (Druckelement)Spring loaded bolt (pressure element)
3636
Rollelement ("Kugelrolle")Rolling element ("ball roller")
3737
ZylinderstiftStraight pin
37.137.1
Bohrungdrilling
3838
ZylinderstiftStraight pin
38.138.1
Bohrungdrilling
3939
PlananlageflächePlan contact area
4040
MadenschraubeGrub screw
4141
LaufflächeTread
4242
Markierung zur Kennzeichnung des SchneidenprofilsMarking to identify the cutting edge profile
4343
Markierung zum Indizieren des SchneidenprofilsMarking for indexing the cutting edge profile
4444
NutGroove
AA.
BearbeitungsseiteEdit page
BB.
SpindelseiteSpindle side
DD.
RotationsachseAxis of rotation

Claims (14)

  1. Milling tool for machining wood, wood-based materials, plastics or light metals, having a machining side (A) and a spindle side (B) and having a first fixed machining tool (1), which is arranged in a housing (11) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (D), and at least one second machining tool (2, 3) which is arranged coaxially to the first machining tool (1) so as to be displaceable between an inoperative position and a machining position and, for displacement in the axial direction, can be brought into connection with a cam disc (7) which is arranged in the housing (11) so as to be rotatable about the axis of rotation (D), characterized in that at least two machining tools (2, 3) which are arranged so as to be displaceable between an inoperative position and a machining position are provided.
  2. Milling tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cam disc (7) can be rotated incrementally.
  3. Milling tool according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first machining tool (1) is rigidly connected, preferably skewed, to a basic body (4) which is coupled to the housing (11) in a rotationally fixed manner.
  4. Milling tool according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cam disc (7) is connected to a sleeve-shaped pressure ring (9) which has at least one, preferably three, radially inwardly projecting balls (19), as a sliding block, which runs in a meandering circumferential groove (18) of a latching sleeve (5) connected to the housing (11) in a rotationally fixed manner, as slideway, wherein the inside diameter of the pressure ring (9) is greater than the outside diameter of the latching sleeve (5).
  5. Milling tool according to Claim 4, characterized in that the ball (19) is arranged with play in a radial bore (24) in the inner wall of the pressure ring (9) .
  6. Milling tool according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the meander extends at an acute angle, wherein the at least one ball (19) can be guided either only in the clockwise direction or only in the anticlockwise direction.
  7. Milling tool according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the cam disc (7) is connected to the pressure ring (9) in a rotationally fixed manner and displaceably in the axial direction.
  8. Milling tool according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that at least one compression spring (28) which acts in the axial direction is provided between the pressure ring (9) and the base body (4).
  9. Milling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each displaceably arranged machining tool (2, 3) has cylinder pins (37, 38) which are arranged regularly spaced apart on a pitch circle and which extend parallel to the axis of rotation (D) and can be brought into operative connection with cams (17) arranged on the cam disk (7).
  10. Milling tool according to Claim 8, characterized in that the at least one compression spring (28) is axially guided in a spring ring (6), and the spring ring (6) is mounted rotatably with respect to the pressure ring (9) via an axial bearing (8).
  11. Milling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each machining tool (1, 2, 3) is provided with a plurality of cutters (31, 32, 33), and the cutters (31, 32, 33) are profiled identically on each individual machining tool (1, 2, 3), but each of the machining tools (1, 2, 3) has differently profiled cutters (31, 32, 33).
  12. Machining device having a milling tool according to one of the preceding claims and an axially movable actuating device (21) by means of which a disengaging movement and a return strip can be carried out, and which has at least one pressure element (35) and a rolling element (36).
  13. Machining device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the pressure element (35) is a sprung bolt, and the rolling element (36) is a ball roller.
  14. Method for operating a machining device according to Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, during the disengaging movement of the actuating device (21), in a first step, the contact between the axially movable machining tools (2, 3) and the cam disc (7) is released, in a second step, the cam disc (7) is set in rotation via the meandering groove (18) in the latching sleeve (5) and the at least one ball (19) in the pressure ring (9), the rotational movement of the cam disk (7) is ended during the subsequent return stroke of the actuating device (21), and, in a third step, at the end of the return stroke, the axially movable machining tools (2, 3) come into contact again with the cam disk (7).
EP18198655.5A 2017-10-11 2018-10-04 Milling tool for machining wood, wooden materials, plastics or light metals Active EP3470190B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102017123681.3A DE102017123681C5 (en) 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Milling tool for processing wood, wood-based materials, plastics or light metals

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Publication number Publication date
EP3470190A1 (en) 2019-04-17
DE102017123681A1 (en) 2019-04-11
DE102017123681B4 (en) 2020-01-09
CN109648652A (en) 2019-04-19
DE102017123681C5 (en) 2022-01-27
CN109648652B (en) 2022-03-08

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