EP3465072B1 - Status display device of an ignition system, detonator, munition, and method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition - Google Patents

Status display device of an ignition system, detonator, munition, and method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3465072B1
EP3465072B1 EP17730360.9A EP17730360A EP3465072B1 EP 3465072 B1 EP3465072 B1 EP 3465072B1 EP 17730360 A EP17730360 A EP 17730360A EP 3465072 B1 EP3465072 B1 EP 3465072B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transponder
display device
state
status display
munition
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17730360.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3465072A1 (en
Inventor
Knud Lämmle
Wolfgang BÜNSCH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C21/00—Checking fuzes; Testing fuzes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/188—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a status display device of an ignition system, a detonator for igniting ammunition, ammunition and a method for monitoring and / or retrieving ammunition.
  • DE 10 2012 021 449 A1 shows a detonator with an outputable fuse status and an external readout device for this purpose.
  • the status of an ignition system is usually indicated by an optical display with changing color coding.
  • a green display and / or the letter “S” is often used for a safe state of the ignition system and a red display and / or the letter “A” for an unsecured state of the ignition system.
  • Color-coded components or LED or LCD displays are usually used for this.
  • This optical status display according to the prior art is usually attached to the outside of the casing of a detonator, a safety and armament unit and / or ammunition.
  • optical status displays can be read poorly or not at all in poor visibility conditions, over long distances or in the case of covered ammunition, for example buried land mines or sea mines sunk in marine sediment.
  • the optical reading requires a relatively close one Approach of a person to the ignition system and / or the ammunition so that there is a corresponding hazard.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
  • the object is achieved by a status display device according to claim 1.
  • the status of the ignition system is transmitted from the first transponder to an assigned reader module when the display is displayed, the status of the ignition system can also be determined from a safe distance, in poor visibility and / or in the case of concealed ammunition.
  • the status of the ignition system is transmitted to the reader module in a contactless and wireless manner, so that the transmission range is extended only depends on the type of transponder and / or reader module and the prevailing environmental conditions.
  • the state of an ignition system can also be determined in particular when the view of the ignition system is completely blocked and / or the ignition system is completely sunk in silt, in sediment or in the ground.
  • the status display device can advantageously be used for short-term or permanent monitoring of an ammunition store and / or transport. As a result, safety is increased and the risk to people is reduced.
  • the status display device can be used in addition or exclusively to a conventional optical display of the status of an ignition system.
  • An essential idea of the invention is based on the fact that a circuit between the ignition system and a first transponder is established via a connecting element as a function of the state of an ignition system, the circuit in particular being a mechanical circuit so that the transponder can transmit this state to an assignable reader module without contact and free of an optical display. Optical reading of the status of the ignition system in the immediate vicinity of the ignition system is therefore no longer necessary.
  • a “status display device” is, in particular, a device for determining and / or transmitting the status of an ignition system.
  • the status display device establishes a safe state and / or an unlocked state of an ignition system or can transmit this or these to a reading module for display.
  • a status display device has in particular at least one transponder and at least one antenna, so that the status of the ignition system can be transmitted in particular wirelessly and / or without contact.
  • the transponder has, in particular, one contact or several contacts to a connecting element.
  • An “ignition system” is a system which is used in particular to trigger (ignite) ammunition and / or explosives and / or a rocket drive.
  • An ignition system is in particular an ammunition assembly which is intended to initiate an active charge and / or propellant charge.
  • the ignition system has in particular an initial igniter and / or a pre-charge (booster charge) in addition to the actual igniter.
  • the ignition system has in particular all stages of an ignition chain with igniter, booster charge and / or active charge or propellant charge.
  • the ignition system can in particular be in a "safe state” in which an initiation of the active charge and / or ammunition or propellant charge is not possible, or in an “unlocked state” in which the active charge and / or ammunition or propellant charge can be ignited .
  • a “transponder” is, in particular, a radio communication device which receives incoming signals and automatically answers and / or forwards them.
  • a transponder reads data from an assigned memory and transmits them so that the identity and / or other stored information is or will be transmitted.
  • a transponder can in particular be a passive or an active transponder.
  • a transponder can in particular be a satellite transponder, radar transponder, induction transponder, RFID and / or a secondary radar transponder.
  • a transponder itself can have an antenna or a separate antenna is assigned to the transponder.
  • An “antenna” is in particular a technical device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves and / or signals.
  • An antenna is used in particular for wireless communication.
  • an antenna generates electrical and / or magnetic fields.
  • An antenna is in particular a satellite, radar and / or RFID antenna.
  • An antenna is in particular a transponder permanently assigned or transmits the signals from and / or to several transponders.
  • a "display case” is in particular the targeted bringing about of the determination, transmission and / or display of the status of the ignition system.
  • an electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the transponder and / or another activation signal, in particular by a reading module.
  • a "connecting element” is in particular an element which brings about a connection between the ignition system and the first transponder and / or further transponders.
  • an electrical and / or electronic and / or mechanical circuit to the transponder is implemented by the connecting element.
  • the connecting element mechanically interconnects the transponder so that there is no electrical or electromagnetic coupling between the ignition electronics and the transponder electronics and / or antenna, but only a mechanical coupling.
  • the mechanical connection can take place, for example, by a rotor which, depending on the status of the ignition system, connects a transponder and / or sets it to "On" so that this transponder can transmit the corresponding status of the ignition system.
  • an electrical wiring of the transponder can take place via a contact surface on the lateral surface of the rotor, in particular due to a rotation of the rotor.
  • An electrical coupling via the connecting element is particularly pure in one electrical igniter advantageous, the protection of which is based essentially on charging or not charging an ignition capacitor or the like, as can be used, for example, in combination with a so-called EFI (exploding foil initiator) ignition element.
  • EFI explosion foil initiator
  • appropriate wiring of the state of the ignition electronics eg ignition capacitor charged or discharged
  • the mechanical and / or electrical circuitry via the connecting element specifically activates the relevant transponder and thus defines its identity and its determination to signal the unlocked or safe state of the ignition system.
  • the “reading module” (also “reading device”) is in particular a transmitter and / or receiver for radio communication with one or more transponders, the reading module being able to send and / or receive electromagnetic signals in particular.
  • a reading module can in particular detect a received electromagnetic signal, gain, signal and / or display variable states, data and / or information therefrom.
  • a reading module can also send targeted signals, such as an activation signal, to a transponder.
  • a reading module is an RFID reading module.
  • a reading module can in particular due to its electromagnetic signal and / or electromagnetic signal sent to a transponder Alternating field and the electromagnetic signal and / or field then influenced by the transponder, detect and / or display a safe state or an unsecured state of the ignition system.
  • the reading device can in particular also read out and / or display the serial identification number of the ignition system and / or the status display device.
  • the status display device has a second transponder with a second antenna, so that in the event of a display a safe state of the ignition system is transmitted by one of the two transponders or an unlocked state of the ignition system is transmitted by the other of the two transponders.
  • the second transponder can also use the antenna of the first transponder for transmission, with a reciprocal switching to this single antenna taking place depending on the state.
  • the function of the “second transponder” corresponds in particular to the first transponder defined above, but in particular has a different identity, identification and / or coding and / or a different predetermined state of the ignition system compared to the first transponder.
  • the second transponder has a different position than the first transponder Connecting element in the mechanical and / or electrical wiring.
  • the function of the "second antenna" corresponds to the antenna defined above.
  • the transponder for the safe state or the transponder for the unlocked state is switched via the connecting element, depending on the state of the ignition system.
  • the status display device can also have only one transponder for the safe state, or only when the ignition system is in the safe state does the transponder react accordingly to a signal sent by the reader module. This is particularly beneficial for land mines to prevent reconnaissance.
  • the first transponder and / or the second transponder is or are an RFID transponder, so that the first transponder and / or the second transponder can receive, modulate and / or transmit an electromagnetic signal.
  • the status of the ignition system can be determined solely by the identity of the respective transponder with the aid of electromagnetic waves and / or a code identifying the status of the ignition system and / or further information can be transmitted.
  • RFID transponders can be built very small, in particular only have a dimension of a few millimeters.
  • An “RFID (radio-frequency identification) transponder” is, in particular, a radio communication device for the automatic and contactless identification and / or localization of objects with radio waves.
  • a transponder can in particular be a radio chip, a radio label and / or a printed circuit made of polymers.
  • the RFID transponder can in particular be coupled to a reading module (reading device) which generates alternating magnetic fields within a short range or high-frequency radio waves, whereby data and / or energy can be transmitted to the transponder.
  • the RFID transponder has in particular an antenna, an analog circuit for receiving and transmitting (transceiver), a digital circuit and / or a permanent memory.
  • the electromagnetic alternating field of the reading module activates, in particular, a microchip in the RFID transponder which decodes the commands sent by the reading module.
  • the RFID transponder encodes and modulates, in particular, the response to the radiated electromagnetic field due to the weak field in the contact-free short circuit or due to reflection of the from the opposite phase Read module transmitted field.
  • the RFID transponder thus transmits in particular its own identity, the status of the ignition system, further data from the ignition system and / or other information requested by the reader module.
  • the RFID transponder works especially in the long wave range at 125 kHz up to an ultra-high frequency of 5.8 GHz. At ultra-high frequencies, the RFID transponder works particularly in the electromagnetic far field to transmit the response using modulated backscattering.
  • the first transponder and / or the second transponder has a frequency in the range from 9 kHz to 25 GHz, preferably in the range from 125 kHz to 5.8 GHz.
  • a range of the transponder of less than 1m can be achieved, while on land with decimeter waves or microwaves a range of 3m to 10m can be used.
  • the first transponder and the second transponder have different frequencies and / or protocols.
  • the first transponder and / or the second transponder has or have an active voltage supply and / or a passive voltage supply for optimal adaptation to the place of use, the existing power supply and size.
  • the transponder uses in particular the voltage supply of the ignition system and / or a battery for its processor and data transfer.
  • a transponder with an active power supply can in particular have its own transmitter and thus achieve a greater range.
  • a transponder with an active voltage supply is also referred to in particular as an "active transponder”.
  • the transponder draws its operating voltage from the electromagnetic field of the reading module and stores it in capacitors in the chip for its response.
  • a high-energy reading field is therefore particularly required for a passive voltage supply.
  • a transponder with a passive voltage supply is also referred to in particular as a "passive transponder”.
  • a transponder can also have a passive and an active voltage supply, this being then referred to in particular as a “semi-passive transponder”.
  • a semi-passive transponder in particular has a battery for its volatile memory and / or sensors connected for operation, but in particular the data transmission from the electromagnetic field of the reading module is supplied passively.
  • the first transponder and / or the second transponder has or have a shield, password protection and / or encryption.
  • the transponder only reacts to the electromagnetic signal from the reader module for the safe state of the ignition system.
  • the electromagnetic fields of the transponder and / or the antenna can be limited to the area of the transponder and / or the antenna through the structure of the entire ignition system and or the introduction of special shielding elements, so that the electromagnetic fields do not enter other areas of the Ignition system (especially ignition electronics and igniter).
  • a reading module is assigned to the first transponder and / or the second transponder in order to enable two-way signal and / or data transmission.
  • the assigned reading module is a special and / or secured reading module. This allows the transponder and the assigned reader module to be set specifically to the required range, the required scope of data transmission and energy supply.
  • the transponder in the case of the transponder with a passive voltage supply, the transponder can be activated from an idle state into an operating state via an activation signal of the reading module.
  • detection of the transponder and / or the ignition device can be prevented by the idle state of the transponder.
  • the status display device monitors two or more stages of an ignition chain.
  • the status display device can thus not only be used for the ignition system itself, but can also be used for several stages of the ignition chain up to and including one ammunition.
  • the multi-stage ignition chain "fuse - booster charge - effective charge" of a warhead, for example, the state of a rocket motor of a rocket and the state of the effective charge of the associated warhead can be evaluated independently of one another. A case can also arise here in which the rocket motor is unlocked, but the warhead itself is still secured.
  • An “ignition chain” is, in particular, ignition elements and / or ignition elements arranged one after the other, which enable a detonation of an active charge and / or initiation of a propellant charge.
  • the object is achieved by a reading module for contactless reading of the status of an ignition system, the reading module sending and / or receiving an electromagnetic signal, and at least one previously described status display device being assigned to the reading module, the reading module displaying the Has the state of the ignition system.
  • This provides a reading module with which the status of an ignition system is contactless and in greater Distance from the ignition system can be read out and displayed. This increases safety and avoids immediate danger to people.
  • the reading module has a position determining unit, so that a relative position of the reading module to the status display device is displayed.
  • a “position determination unit” is, in particular, a unit which determines the position of the transponder via the read identity, the influenced electromagnetic signal and / or field of the transponder and / or via interpolations. In particular, the position determination unit does not determine the absolute position as coordinates, but rather the alignment and / or the distance of the transponder from the reading module.
  • the object is achieved by a detonator for igniting ammunition, the detonator having at least one status display device described above.
  • the status display device can thus be arranged directly in the igniter or in the immediate vicinity of the igniter. Due to the immediate proximity, a fast Determination of the state of the igniter and / or ignition system and a lower susceptibility to errors made possible.
  • the "igniter” corresponds to the actual component of an igniter or the ignition system defined above.
  • the object is achieved by an ammunition which has a previously described detonator or a previously described status display device.
  • finding, clearing and / or retrieving ammunition is made easier and can be carried out in a more targeted manner.
  • “Ammunition” is understood to mean, in particular, the mostly reloadable part of a weapon or tool that is not permanently connected to a weapon or a tool and which represents the actual functional unit.
  • the ammunition can in particular also represent a weapon itself.
  • Ammunition includes in particular objects and components which are explosives, explosives, other dangerous substances and / or consist of such substances and / or material which can be fired and / or used from and / or with a weapon.
  • Ammunition includes in particular cartridge ammunition, warheads, Hand grenades, mines, bombs, torpedoes and / or missiles.
  • Ammunition is also understood to mean, in particular, ammunition and / or ordnance used which did not take effect (so-called "duds").
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 12.
  • This provides a method in which the status of an ignition system does not have to be read off optically on the ignition system in the immediate vicinity of the ammunition, but in which the status of the ignition system is transmitted without contact to a reader module further away, which displays the status of the ammunition's ignition system .
  • a fuse and ignition device 101 has a housing 105, a status display device 103, an igniter 115 and a rotor 119.
  • the rotor 119 has a round rod at each of its two ends and a flat, wide web 120 in its center.
  • a first RFID antenna 111, a second RFID antenna 113 and a viewing window 131 are arranged on the outside of the housing 105.
  • the status display device 103 has the first RFID antenna 111, the second RFID antenna 113, the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state, the second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state, two contacts 125 for the unlocked state and two contact surfaces 123 of the unlocked state and two contacts 129 of the safe state and two contact surfaces 127 of the safe state.
  • the first RFID transponder 107 and the second RFID transponder 109 are passive RFID transponders.
  • the ignition electronics 117 is connected to the igniter 115, which is in a redundant double arrangement is executed. Furthermore, the electronic ignition system 117 is connected to the motor 121 of the rotor 119.
  • SAFE safe state
  • ARMED optical red display 137 of the unlocked state
  • the ignition electronics 117 controls the motor 121, which drives the rotor 119, and an electrical control (ignition pulse) of the pyrotechnic igniter 115.
  • an explosion of the igniter 115 causes a booster charge 139 as a further pyrotechnic element, which is arranged in front of the rotor 119 and not in Fig. 1 and 2nd is shown to explode.
  • the unlocked state is indicated in the viewing window 131 by the appearance of the red marking with the “A” on the optical display 137 of the unlocked state on the front side of the rotor 119.
  • the corresponding contacts 129 of the secure state of the second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state are open in the rotor position of the unlocked state. Consequently, the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state is read out with an RFID reader, not shown, and the unlocked state is thus detected and displayed.
  • electromagnetic fields of the first RFID transponder 107 and the first RFID antenna 111 or of the second RFID transponder 109 and the second RFID antenna 113 are on the area of the first RFID by special shielding elements (not shown) -Transponder 107 and the first RFID antenna 111 or the second RFID transponder 109 and the second RFID antenna 113, so that the electromagnetic fields do not penetrate into the igniter 115 and the ignition electronics 117.
  • the outlet openings of the igniter 115 are blocked by the flat, wide web 120 in the center of the rotor 119 in such a way that the booster charge 139 does not explode even if the igniter 115 is ignited.
  • the rotor 119 blocks a direction of explosion 141 of the igniter 115 in the safe state due to its solid material. As a result, an ignition chain between the igniter 115 and the booster charge 139 is reliably interrupted.
  • the safe state of the detonator 115 is indicated in the viewing window 131 by the green marking with the "S" of the optical display 135 of the safe state.
  • one of the two contact surfaces 127 of the safe state on the outer surface of the rotor 119 is closed with the two contacts 129 of the safe state, which are connected to the second RFID transponder 109 for the safe state.
  • the corresponding contacts 125 of the unlocked state of the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state are open in this rotor position.
  • the RFID reader thus reads out the second RFID transponder 109 for the safe state, detects and displays the safe state of the detonator 115.
  • a dud (not shown) has a safety and ignition device 101 and a status display device 103.
  • the dud is partially sunk into the ground and its field of vision 131 is not visible. The following operations are carried out with the fuse and ignition device 101 and the status display device 103.
  • an electromagnetic signal with a frequency of 915MHz is first transmitted by a reader at a distance of 5m.
  • the electromagnetic signal sent out by the reader is received by the first RFID antenna 111, whereupon the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state influences the electromagnetic signal sent out by the reader module by modulating.
  • the reading device detects the electromagnetic signal influenced by the first transponder 107 for the unlocked state and displays the unlocked state on the reading device.
  • the area around the dud is then cleared of people and the dud is deliberately detonated. As a result, the state of the dud and its clearance has been safely determined.
  • an autonomous underwater vehicle for mine destruction with a failed drive due to empty batteries sank to the sea floor at a depth of 50m.
  • the AUV has an explosive charge for the destruction of mines, of which it is not known whether it was unlocked before the drive failed.
  • the explosive charge is connected to a safety and ignition device 101 and a status display device 103.
  • a first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state and a second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state are switched from an idle state to an operating state by the activation signal. Due to the position of a rotor 119, the RFID transponder 109 is connected for the safe state.
  • the RFID transponder 109 influences the electromagnetic alternating field of the RFID reader and by means of the second RFID antenna 113 thereby transmits the code for the safe state of a detonator 115 of the explosive charge to the RFID reader.
  • the diver then reads the safe state of the explosive charge on a display on the RFID reader and, after surfacing, initiates the safe recovery of the AUV via a recovery device on a mother ship.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Statusanzeigeeinrichtung eines Zündsystems, einen Zünder zum Zünden einer Munition, eine Munition und ein Verfahren zum Überwachen und/oder Bergen einer Munition. DE 10 2012 021 449 A1 zeigt einen Zünder mit einem ausgebbaren Sicherungszustand und externe Auslesevorrichtung hierzu.The invention relates to a status display device of an ignition system, a detonator for igniting ammunition, ammunition and a method for monitoring and / or retrieving ammunition. DE 10 2012 021 449 A1 shows a detonator with an outputable fuse status and an external readout device for this purpose.

Üblicherweise wird der Status eines Zündsystems durch eine optische Anzeige mit wechselnder Farbcodierung gekennzeichnet. Häufig wird eine grüne Anzeige und/oder der Buchstabe "S" für einen sicheren Zustand des Zündsystems sowie eine rote Anzeige und/oder der Buchstabe "A" für einen entsicherten Zustand des Zündsystems verwendet. Dafür werden üblicherweise farblich markierte Bauteile oder auch LED- oder LCD-Anzeigen eingesetzt. Diese optische Statusanzeige nach dem Stand der Technik wird üblicherweise außen an der Hülle eines Zünders, einer Sicherungs- und Bewaffnungseinheit und/oder einer Munition angebracht.The status of an ignition system is usually indicated by an optical display with changing color coding. A green display and / or the letter "S" is often used for a safe state of the ignition system and a red display and / or the letter "A" for an unsecured state of the ignition system. Color-coded components or LED or LCD displays are usually used for this. This optical status display according to the prior art is usually attached to the outside of the casing of a detonator, a safety and armament unit and / or ammunition.

Nachteilig ist, dass derartige optische Statusanzeigen bei schlechten Sichtverhältnissen, auf großen Entfernungen oder im Fall von abgedeckter Munition, beispielsweise vergrabene Landminen oder im Meeressediment eingesunkene Seeminen, schlecht oder gar nicht abgelesen werden können. Zudem bedarf das optische Ablesen einer relativen nahen Annäherung einer Person an das Zündsystem und/oder die Munition, sodass eine entsprechende Gefährdung vorliegt.It is disadvantageous that such optical status displays can be read poorly or not at all in poor visibility conditions, over long distances or in the case of covered ammunition, for example buried land mines or sea mines sunk in marine sediment. In addition, the optical reading requires a relatively close one Approach of a person to the ignition system and / or the ammunition so that there is a corresponding hazard.

Insbesondere können Fälle vorliegen, bei denen die Sicht auf eine optische Statusanzeige vollständig blockiert ist, sodass der Status des Zündsystems überhaupt nicht optisch erkannt werden kann.In particular, there may be cases in which the view of an optical status display is completely blocked so that the status of the ignition system cannot be visually recognized at all.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Stand der Technik zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch eine Statusanzeigeeinrichtung nach dem Anspruch 1.The object is achieved by a status display device according to claim 1.

Dadurch, dass der Zustand des Zündsystems von dem ersten Transponder im Anzeigefall zu einem zugeordneten Lesemodul übertragen wird, ist der Zustand des Zündsystems auch aus sicherer Entfernung, bei schlechter Sicht und/oder im Fall von verdeckter Munition festzustellen.Because the status of the ignition system is transmitted from the first transponder to an assigned reader module when the display is displayed, the status of the ignition system can also be determined from a safe distance, in poor visibility and / or in the case of concealed ammunition.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass der Zustand des Zündsystems berührungslos und drahtlos zum Lesemodul übertragen wird, sodass die Reichweite der Übertragung lediglich von der Art des Transponders und/oder Lesemoduls sowie den herrschenden Umweltbedingungen abhängt.It is particularly advantageous that the status of the ignition system is transmitted to the reader module in a contactless and wireless manner, so that the transmission range is extended only depends on the type of transponder and / or reader module and the prevailing environmental conditions.

Somit kann der Zustand eines Zündsystems insbesondere auch dann bestimmt werden, wenn die Sicht auf das Zündsystem vollständig blockiert und/oder das Zündsystem vollständig in Schlick, im Sediment oder im Boden versunken ist.In this way, the state of an ignition system can also be determined in particular when the view of the ignition system is completely blocked and / or the ignition system is completely sunk in silt, in sediment or in the ground.

Ebenso wird das Bergen von an der Wasseroberfläche oder im Wasser schwimmender Munition oder eines mit Munition beladenem Unterwasserfahrzeugs erleichtert, da der Zustand des Zündsystems unabhängig von der Ausrichtung des Unterwasserfahrzeuges im Wasser oder an der Wasseroberfläche bestimmt und angezeigt werden kann.The recovery of ammunition floating on the water surface or in the water or an underwater vehicle loaded with ammunition is also facilitated, since the state of the ignition system can be determined and displayed independently of the orientation of the underwater vehicle in the water or on the water surface.

Zudem kann die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung vorteilhaft zur kurzfristigen oder permanenten Überwachung eines Munitionslagers und/oder -transportes verwendet werden. Folglich wird die Sicherheit erhöht und die Gefährdung von Personen reduziert.In addition, the status display device can advantageously be used for short-term or permanent monitoring of an ammunition store and / or transport. As a result, safety is increased and the risk to people is reduced.

Allgemein ist die erfindungsgemäße Statusanzeigeeinrichtung zusätzlich oder ausschließlich zu einer konventionellen optischen Anzeige des Status eines Zündsystems einsetzbar.In general, the status display device according to the invention can be used in addition or exclusively to a conventional optical display of the status of an ignition system.

Ein wesentlicher Gedanke der Erfindung beruht darauf, dass in Abhängigkeit des Zustandes eines Zündsystems über ein Verbindungselement eine Schaltung zwischen dem Zündsystem und einem ersten Transponder hergestellt wird, wobei die Schaltung insbesondere eine mechanische Schaltung ist, sodass der Transponder diesen Zustand berührungslos und frei von einer optischen Anzeige weiter zu einem zuordenbaren Lesemodul übertragen kann. Somit ist ein optisches Ablesen des Zustandes des Zündsystems in unmittelbarer Nähe des Zündsystems nicht mehr notwendig.An essential idea of the invention is based on the fact that a circuit between the ignition system and a first transponder is established via a connecting element as a function of the state of an ignition system, the circuit in particular being a mechanical circuit so that the transponder can transmit this state to an assignable reader module without contact and free of an optical display. Optical reading of the status of the ignition system in the immediate vicinity of the ignition system is therefore no longer necessary.

Folgendes Begriffliche sei erläutert:The following terms are explained:

Eine "Statusanzeigeeinrichtung" ist insbesondere eine Einrichtung zum Ermitteln und/oder Übertragen des Zustandes eines Zündsystems. Insbesondere stellt die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung einen sicheren Zustand und/oder einen entsicherten Zustand eines Zündsystems fest oder kann diesen oder diese zur Anzeige an ein Lesemodul übertragen. Eine Statusanzeigeeinrichtung weist insbesondere mindestens einen Transponder und mindestens eine Antenne auf, sodass der Zustand des Zündsystems insbesondere drahtlos und/oder berührungslos übertragen werden kann. Zudem weist der Transponder insbesondere einen Kontakt oder mehrere Kontakte zu einem Verbindungselement auf.A "status display device" is, in particular, a device for determining and / or transmitting the status of an ignition system. In particular, the status display device establishes a safe state and / or an unlocked state of an ignition system or can transmit this or these to a reading module for display. A status display device has in particular at least one transponder and at least one antenna, so that the status of the ignition system can be transmitted in particular wirelessly and / or without contact. In addition, the transponder has, in particular, one contact or several contacts to a connecting element.

Ein "Zündsystem" ist ein System, welches insbesondere zum Auslösen (Zünden) einer Munition und/oder Sprengstoffexplosion und/oder eines Raketenantriebes dient. Ein Zündsystem ist insbesondere eine Munitionsbaugruppe, welche dazu bestimmt ist, eine Wirkladung und/oder Treibladung zu initiieren. Für eine Zündung weist das Zündsystem insbesondere einen Initialzünder und/oder eine Vorladung (Verstärkerladung) in Ergänzung zum eigentlichen Zünder auf. Das Zündsystem weist insbesondere alle Stufen einer Zündkette mit Zünder, Verstärkerladung und/oder Wirkladung oder Treibladung auf. Das Zündsystem kann sich insbesondere in einem "sicheren Zustand" befinden, bei dem eine Initiierung der Wirkladung und/oder Munition oder Treibladung nicht möglich ist, oder in einem "entsicherten Zustand", in dem die Wirkladung und/oder Munition oder Treibladung gezündet werden kann.An "ignition system" is a system which is used in particular to trigger (ignite) ammunition and / or explosives and / or a rocket drive. An ignition system is in particular an ammunition assembly which is intended to initiate an active charge and / or propellant charge. For an ignition, the ignition system has in particular an initial igniter and / or a pre-charge (booster charge) in addition to the actual igniter. The ignition system has in particular all stages of an ignition chain with igniter, booster charge and / or active charge or propellant charge. The ignition system can in particular be in a "safe state" in which an initiation of the active charge and / or ammunition or propellant charge is not possible, or in an "unlocked state" in which the active charge and / or ammunition or propellant charge can be ignited .

Ein "Transponder" ist insbesondere ein Funk-Kommunikationsgerät, welches eingehende Signale aufnimmt und automatisch beantwortet und/oder weiterleitet. Ein Transponder liest insbesondere Daten aus einem zugeordneten Speicher aus und übermittelt diese, sodass die Identität und/oder weitere gespeicherte Informationen übermittelt wird oder werden. Bei einem Transponder kann es sich insbesondere um einen passiven oder einen aktiven Transponder handeln. Ein Transponder kann insbesondere ein Satellitentransponder, Radartransponder, Induktionstransponder, RFID und/oder ein Sekundärradartransponder sein. Insbesondere kann ein Transponder selbst eine Antenne aufweisen oder dem Transponder ist eine separate Antenne zugeordnet.A “transponder” is, in particular, a radio communication device which receives incoming signals and automatically answers and / or forwards them. In particular, a transponder reads data from an assigned memory and transmits them so that the identity and / or other stored information is or will be transmitted. A transponder can in particular be a passive or an active transponder. A transponder can in particular be a satellite transponder, radar transponder, induction transponder, RFID and / or a secondary radar transponder. In particular, a transponder itself can have an antenna or a separate antenna is assigned to the transponder.

Eine "Antenne" ist insbesondere eine technische Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen und/oder Signalen. Eine Antenne wird insbesondere zur drahtlosen Kommunikation verwendet. Eine Antenne erzeugt insbesondere elektrische und/oder magnetische Felder. Bei einer Antenne handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Satelliten-, Radar- und/oder RFID-Antenne. Eine Antenne ist insbesondere einem Transponder fest zugeordnet oder übertragt die Signale von und/oder an mehreren Transpondern.An “antenna” is in particular a technical device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves and / or signals. An antenna is used in particular for wireless communication. In particular, an antenna generates electrical and / or magnetic fields. An antenna is in particular a satellite, radar and / or RFID antenna. An antenna is in particular a transponder permanently assigned or transmits the signals from and / or to several transponders.

Ein "Anzeigefall" ist insbesondere das gezielte Herbeiführen des Bestimmens, Übertragens und/oder Anzeigens des Zustandes des Zündsystems. Zum Eintreten des Anzeigefalls wird insbesondere durch ein Lesemodul ein elektromagnetisches Signal an den Transponder und/oder ein anderes Aktivierungssignal übertragen.A "display case" is in particular the targeted bringing about of the determination, transmission and / or display of the status of the ignition system. When the notification event occurs, an electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the transponder and / or another activation signal, in particular by a reading module.

Ein "Verbindungselement" ist insbesondere ein Element, welches einen Zusammenschluss des Zündsystems mit dem ersten Transponder und/oder weiteren Transpondern bewirkt. Insbesondere wird durch das Verbindungselement eine elektrische und/oder elektronische und/oder mechanische Schaltung zum Transponder realisiert. Insbesondere findet durch das Verbindungselement eine mechanische Beschaltung des Transponders statt, sodass zwischen Zündelektronik und Transponderelektronik und/oder Antenne keine elektrische oder elektromagnetische Kopplung sondern lediglich eine mechanische Kopplung besteht. Die mechanische Beschaltung kann beispielsweise durch einen Rotor stattfinden, welcher je nach Zustand des Zündsystems einen Transponder beschaltet und/oder diesen auf "Ein" stellt, sodass dieser Transponder den entsprechenden Zustand des Zündsystems übertragen kann. Beispielsweise kann über eine Kontaktfläche auf der Mantelfläche des Rotors insbesondere aufgrund einer Drehung des Rotors nicht nur die mechanische Beschaltung sondern auch eine elektrische Beschaltung des Transponders erfolgen. Eine elektrische Kopplung über das Verbindungselement ist insbesondere bei einem rein elektrischen Zünder vorteilhaft, dessen Sicherung im Wesentlichen auf dem Laden oder Nicht-Laden eines Zündkondensators oder ähnlichen beruht, wie dies beispielsweise in Kombination mit einem sogenannten EFI (Exploding foil initiator) Zündelement nutzbar ist. Hierbei führt insbesondere eine entsprechende Beschaltung der Zustand der Zündelektronik (z.B. Zündkondensator geladen oder entladen) zu einer Aktivierung oder Deaktivierung des oder der Transponder. Beim parallelen Vorliegen von zwei Transpondern erfolgen insbesondere durch die mechanische und/oder elektrische Beschaltung über das Verbindungselementes eine gezielte Ansteuerung des relevanten Transponders und damit die Festlegung seiner Identität und seiner Bestimmung zum Signalisieren des entsicherten oder sicheren Zustandes des Zündsystems.A "connecting element" is in particular an element which brings about a connection between the ignition system and the first transponder and / or further transponders. In particular, an electrical and / or electronic and / or mechanical circuit to the transponder is implemented by the connecting element. In particular, the connecting element mechanically interconnects the transponder so that there is no electrical or electromagnetic coupling between the ignition electronics and the transponder electronics and / or antenna, but only a mechanical coupling. The mechanical connection can take place, for example, by a rotor which, depending on the status of the ignition system, connects a transponder and / or sets it to "On" so that this transponder can transmit the corresponding status of the ignition system. For example, not only the mechanical wiring but also an electrical wiring of the transponder can take place via a contact surface on the lateral surface of the rotor, in particular due to a rotation of the rotor. An electrical coupling via the connecting element is particularly pure in one electrical igniter advantageous, the protection of which is based essentially on charging or not charging an ignition capacitor or the like, as can be used, for example, in combination with a so-called EFI (exploding foil initiator) ignition element. In this case, in particular, appropriate wiring of the state of the ignition electronics (eg ignition capacitor charged or discharged) leads to activation or deactivation of the transponder or transponders. When two transponders are present in parallel, the mechanical and / or electrical circuitry via the connecting element specifically activates the relevant transponder and thus defines its identity and its determination to signal the unlocked or safe state of the ignition system.

Beim "Lesemodul" (auch "Lesegerät") handelt es sich insbesondere um einen Sender und/oder Empfänger zur Funk-Kommunikation mit einem oder mehreren Transpondern, wobei das Lesemodul insbesondere elektromagnetische Signale senden und/oder empfangen kann. Ein Lesemodul kann insbesondere ein empfangenes elektromagnetisches Signal detektieren, daraus veränderliche Zustände, Daten und/oder Informationen gewinnen, signalisieren und/oder anzeigen. Ein Lesemodul kann insbesondere auch gezielte Signale, wie beispielsweise ein Aktivierungssignal, an einen Transponder senden. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei einem Lesemodul um ein RFID-Lesemodul. Ein Lesemodul kann insbesondere aufgrund seines an einen Transponder ausgesendeten elektromagnetischen Signals und/oder elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes und des vom Transponder daraufhin beeinflussten elektromagnetischen Signals und/oder Feldes einen sicheren Zustand oder einen entsicherten Zustand des Zündsystems detektieren und/oder anzeigen. Neben dem Zustand des Zündsystems kann das Lesegerät insbesondere auch die Serienidentifikationsnummer des Zündsystems und/oder der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung auslesen und/oder anzeigen.The “reading module” (also “reading device”) is in particular a transmitter and / or receiver for radio communication with one or more transponders, the reading module being able to send and / or receive electromagnetic signals in particular. A reading module can in particular detect a received electromagnetic signal, gain, signal and / or display variable states, data and / or information therefrom. In particular, a reading module can also send targeted signals, such as an activation signal, to a transponder. In particular, a reading module is an RFID reading module. A reading module can in particular due to its electromagnetic signal and / or electromagnetic signal sent to a transponder Alternating field and the electromagnetic signal and / or field then influenced by the transponder, detect and / or display a safe state or an unsecured state of the ignition system. In addition to the status of the ignition system, the reading device can in particular also read out and / or display the serial identification number of the ignition system and / or the status display device.

Ferner weist die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung einen zweiten Transponder mit einer zweiten Antenne auf, sodass im Anzeigefall durch einen der beiden Transponder ein sicherer Zustand des Zündsystems oder durch den anderen der beiden Transponder ein entsicherter Zustand des Zündsystems übertragen wird.Furthermore, the status display device has a second transponder with a second antenna, so that in the event of a display a safe state of the ignition system is transmitted by one of the two transponders or an unlocked state of the ignition system is transmitted by the other of the two transponders.

Somit wird die Sicherheit bezüglich der Eindeutigkeit der beiden Zustände erhöht.This increases the security with regard to the uniqueness of the two states.

Alternativ kann der zweite Transponder auch die Antenne des ersten Transponders zur Übertragung verwenden, wobei je nach Zustand eine wechselseitige Schaltung auf diese einzige Antenne erfolgt.Alternatively, the second transponder can also use the antenna of the first transponder for transmission, with a reciprocal switching to this single antenna taking place depending on the state.

Der "zweite Transponder" entspricht in seiner Funktion insbesondere dem oben definierten ersten Transponder, weist jedoch insbesondere eine andere Identität, Kennzeichnung und/oder Kodierung und/oder einen anderen vorgegebenen Zustand des Zündsystems gegenüber dem ersten Transponder auf. Zudem weist der zweite Transponder insbesondere eine andere Position als der erste Transponder zum Verbindungselement bei der mechanischen und/oder elektrischen Beschaltung auf.The function of the “second transponder” corresponds in particular to the first transponder defined above, but in particular has a different identity, identification and / or coding and / or a different predetermined state of the ignition system compared to the first transponder. In addition, the second transponder has a different position than the first transponder Connecting element in the mechanical and / or electrical wiring.

Die "zweite Antenne" entspricht in ihrer Funktion der oben definierten Antenne.The function of the "second antenna" corresponds to the antenna defined above.

Um die Sicherheit und/oder Eindeutigkeit der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung zu erhöhen, ist über das Verbindungselement je nach Zustand des Zündsystems der Transponder für den sicheren Zustand oder der Transponder für den entsicherten Zustand geschaltet.In order to increase the security and / or clarity of the status display device, the transponder for the safe state or the transponder for the unlocked state is switched via the connecting element, depending on the state of the ignition system.

Somit kann jeweils nur einer der beiden Transponder über ein Verbindungselement geschaltet werden, wobei je nach Zustand nur der für diesen Zustand vorgesehene Transponder in einen Kontakt geschaltet wird.Thus, only one of the two transponders can be switched via a connecting element, with only the transponder intended for this state being switched to a contact depending on the state.

Alternativ kann die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung jedoch auch nur einen Transponder für den sicheren Zustand aufweisen oder nur bei dem sicheren Zustand des Zündsystems erfolgt eine entsprechende Reaktion des Transponders auf ein ausgesandtes Signal des Lesemoduls. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft bei Landminen, um eine Aufklärung zu verhindern.Alternatively, however, the status display device can also have only one transponder for the safe state, or only when the ignition system is in the safe state does the transponder react accordingly to a signal sent by the reader module. This is particularly beneficial for land mines to prevent reconnaissance.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist oder sind der erste Transponder und/oder der zweite Transponder ein RFID-Transponder, sodass der erste Transponder und/oder der zweite Transponder ein elektromagnetisches Signal empfangen, modulieren und/oder senden kann.In a further embodiment, the first transponder and / or the second transponder is or are an RFID transponder, so that the first transponder and / or the second transponder can receive, modulate and / or transmit an electromagnetic signal.

Dadurch kann der Zustand des Zündsystems allein durch die Identität des jeweiligen Transponders mithilfe von elektromagnetischen Wellen bestimmt und/oder ein kennzeichnender Code zum Zustand des Zündsystems und/oder weitere Informationen übertragen werden.As a result, the status of the ignition system can be determined solely by the identity of the respective transponder with the aid of electromagnetic waves and / or a code identifying the status of the ignition system and / or further information can be transmitted.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass RFID-Transponder sehr klein gebaut werden können, insbesondere nur eine Abmessung von wenigen Millimetern aufweisen.It is particularly advantageous that RFID transponders can be built very small, in particular only have a dimension of a few millimeters.

Ein "RFID (radio-frequency identification)-Transponder" ist insbesondere ein Funk-Kommunikationsgerät, zum automatischen und berührungslosen Identifizieren und/oder Lokalisieren von Objekten mit Radiowellen. Bei einem Transponder kann es sich insbesondere um einen Funkchip, ein Funketikett und/oder um eine bedruckte Schaltung aus Polymeren handeln. Der RFID-Transponder ist insbesondere mit einem Lesemodul (Lesegerät) koppelbar, welches magnetische Wechselfelder in geringerer Reichweite oder hochfrequente Radiowellen erzeugt, wodurch Daten und/oder Energie zum Transponder übertragen werden können. Der RFID-Transponder weist insbesondere eine Antenne, einen analogen Schaltkreis zum Empfangen und Senden (Transceiver), einen digitalen Schaltkreis und/oder einen permanenten Speicher auf. Durch das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld des Lesemoduls wird insbesondere ein Mikrochip im RFID-Transponder aktiviert, welcher die vom Lesemodul gesendeten Befehle decodiert. Der RFID-Transponder codiert und moduliert insbesondere die Antwort in das eingestrahlte elektromagnetische Feld durch Feldschwäche im kontaktfreien Kurzschluss oder durch gegenphasige Reflexion des vom Lesemodul ausgesendeten Feldes. Somit überträgt der RFID-Transponder insbesondere seine eigenen Identität, den Zustand des Zündsystems, weitere Daten des Zündsystems und/oder andere vom Lesemodul abgefragte Informationen. Der RFID-Transponder arbeitet hierbei insbesondere im Bereich der Langwelle bei 125kHz bis zu einer ultrahohen Frequenz von 5,8GHz. Bei ultrahohen Frequenzen arbeitet der RFID-Transponder insbesondere im elektromagnetischen Fernfeld zum Übermitteln der Antwort unter Verwendung einer modulierten Rückstreuung.An “RFID (radio-frequency identification) transponder” is, in particular, a radio communication device for the automatic and contactless identification and / or localization of objects with radio waves. A transponder can in particular be a radio chip, a radio label and / or a printed circuit made of polymers. The RFID transponder can in particular be coupled to a reading module (reading device) which generates alternating magnetic fields within a short range or high-frequency radio waves, whereby data and / or energy can be transmitted to the transponder. The RFID transponder has in particular an antenna, an analog circuit for receiving and transmitting (transceiver), a digital circuit and / or a permanent memory. The electromagnetic alternating field of the reading module activates, in particular, a microchip in the RFID transponder which decodes the commands sent by the reading module. The RFID transponder encodes and modulates, in particular, the response to the radiated electromagnetic field due to the weak field in the contact-free short circuit or due to reflection of the from the opposite phase Read module transmitted field. The RFID transponder thus transmits in particular its own identity, the status of the ignition system, further data from the ignition system and / or other information requested by the reader module. The RFID transponder works especially in the long wave range at 125 kHz up to an ultra-high frequency of 5.8 GHz. At ultra-high frequencies, the RFID transponder works particularly in the electromagnetic far field to transmit the response using modulated backscattering.

Um je nach Übertragungsmedium, beispielsweise Luft oder Wasser, eine optimale Übertragung zu erreichen, weist oder weisen der erste Transponder und/oder der zweite Transponder eine Frequenz im Bereich von 9kHz bis 25GHz, bevorzugt im Bereich von 125kHz bis 5,8GHz auf.In order to achieve optimal transmission depending on the transmission medium, for example air or water, the first transponder and / or the second transponder has a frequency in the range from 9 kHz to 25 GHz, preferably in the range from 125 kHz to 5.8 GHz.

Somit kann beispielsweise unter Wasser im Meer mit einer Langwellenfrequenz von 125kHz eine Reichweite des Transponders von unter 1m erzielt werden, während am Land mit Dezimeterwellen oder Mikrowellen eine Reichweite von 3m bis 10m genutzt werden kann.Thus, for example, underwater in the sea with a long wave frequency of 125 kHz, a range of the transponder of less than 1m can be achieved, while on land with decimeter waves or microwaves a range of 3m to 10m can be used.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung weisen der erste Transponder und der zweite Transponder unterschiedliche Frequenzen und/oder Protokolle auf.In a further embodiment of the status display device, the first transponder and the second transponder have different frequencies and / or protocols.

Durch die Verwendung von unterschiedlichen Frequenzen und/oder Protokollen für jeden Transponder wird die Eindeutigkeit des übertragenen und von einem Lesemodul ausgelesenen Signals erhöht.The use of different frequencies and / or protocols for each transponder increases the uniqueness of the signal transmitted and read out by a reading module.

Zur optimalen Anpassung an den Einsatzort, die vorhandene Stromversorgung und Baugröße weist oder weisen der erste Transponder und/oder der zweite Transponder eine aktive Spannungsversorgung und/oder eine passive Spannungsversorgung auf.The first transponder and / or the second transponder has or have an active voltage supply and / or a passive voltage supply for optimal adaptation to the place of use, the existing power supply and size.

Bei einer "aktiven Spannungsversorgung" nutzt der Transponder insbesondere die Spannungsversorgung des Zündsystems und/oder einer Batterie für seinen Prozessor und den Datentransfer. Ein Transponder mit aktiver Spannungsversorgung kann insbesondere einen eigenen Sender aufweisen und erreicht dadurch höhere Reichweite. Ein Transponder mit aktiver Spannungsversorgung wird insbesondere auch als "aktiver Transponder" bezeichnet.In the case of an "active voltage supply", the transponder uses in particular the voltage supply of the ignition system and / or a battery for its processor and data transfer. A transponder with an active power supply can in particular have its own transmitter and thus achieve a greater range. A transponder with an active voltage supply is also referred to in particular as an "active transponder".

Bei einer "passiven Spannungsversorgung" entnimmt der Transponder insbesondere seine Betriebsspannung dem elektromagnetischen Feld des Lesemoduls und speichert diese für seine Beantwortung in Kapazitäten im Chip. Für eine passive Spannungsversorgung wird somit insbesondere ein energiereiches Lesefeld benötigt. Ein Transponder mit passiver Spannungsversorgung wird insbesondere auch als "passiver Transponder" bezeichnet. Insbesondere kann ein Transponder jedoch auch eine passive und eine aktive Spannungsversorgung aufweisen, wobei dieser dann insbesondere als "semi-passiver Transponder" bezeichnet wird. Ein semi-passiver Transponder weist insbesondere eine Batterie für seinen flüchtigen Speicher und/oder zum Betrieb angeschlossene Sensoren auf, jedoch wird insbesondere die Datenübertragung aus dem elektromagnetischen Feld des Lesemoduls passiv versorgt.In the case of a "passive voltage supply", the transponder draws its operating voltage from the electromagnetic field of the reading module and stores it in capacitors in the chip for its response. A high-energy reading field is therefore particularly required for a passive voltage supply. A transponder with a passive voltage supply is also referred to in particular as a "passive transponder". In particular, however, a transponder can also have a passive and an active voltage supply, this being then referred to in particular as a “semi-passive transponder”. A semi-passive transponder in particular has a battery for its volatile memory and / or sensors connected for operation, but in particular the data transmission from the electromagnetic field of the reading module is supplied passively.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung weist oder weisen der erste Transponder und/oder der zweite Transponder eine Abschirmung, einen Passwortschutz und/oder eine Verschlüsselung auf.In a further embodiment of the status display device, the first transponder and / or the second transponder has or have a shield, password protection and / or encryption.

Dadurch wird oder werden ein unberechtigter Zugriff und/oder eine unberechtigte Beeinflussung des Transponders verhindert. Insbesondere kann dadurch auch verhindert werden, dass der Transponder auf jedes Lesegerät reagiert.This prevents unauthorized access and / or unauthorized influencing of the transponder. In particular, this can also prevent the transponder from reacting to every reader.

Ebenso kann durch eine Abschirmung der Antenne und/oder ein Abschalten des oder innerhalb des RFID-Transponders erreicht werden, dass nur für den sicheren Zustand des Zündsystems eine entsprechende Reaktion des Transponders auf das elektromagnetische Signal des Lesemoduls erfolgt.Likewise, by shielding the antenna and / or switching off the or within the RFID transponder, the transponder only reacts to the electromagnetic signal from the reader module for the safe state of the ignition system.

Zudem können durch die Abschirmung die elektromagnetischen Felder des Transponder und/oder der Antenne durch den Aufbau des gesamten Zündsystems und oder ein Einbringen spezieller abschirmender Elemente auf den Bereich des Transponder und/oder der Antenne beschränkt werden, sodass die elektromagnetischen Felder nicht in andere Bereiche des Zündsystems (insbesondere Zündelektronik und Zünder) eindringen können.In addition, through the shielding, the electromagnetic fields of the transponder and / or the antenna can be limited to the area of the transponder and / or the antenna through the structure of the entire ignition system and or the introduction of special shielding elements, so that the electromagnetic fields do not enter other areas of the Ignition system (especially ignition electronics and igniter).

Um eine wechselseitige Signal- und/oder Datenübertragung zu ermöglichen, ist dem ersten Transponder und/oder dem zweiten Transponder ein Lesemodul zugeordnet.A reading module is assigned to the first transponder and / or the second transponder in order to enable two-way signal and / or data transmission.

Um die Sicherheit zu erhöhen und die Gefährdung von Personen zu vermeiden ist es besonders vorteilhaft, dass es sich bei dem zugeordneten Lesemodul um ein spezielles und/oder gesichertes Lesemodul handelt. Dadurch können die Transponder und das zugeordnete Lesemodul gezielt auf die notwendige Reichweite, den benötigten Umfang der Datenübertragung und Energieversorgung eingestellt werden.In order to increase security and to avoid endangering persons, it is particularly advantageous that the assigned reading module is a special and / or secured reading module. This allows the transponder and the assigned reader module to be set specifically to the required range, the required scope of data transmission and energy supply.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung ist im Falle des Transponders mit passiver Spannungsversorgung der Transponder über ein Aktivierungssignal des Lesemoduls aus einem Ruhezustand in einen Betriebszustand aktivierbar.In a further embodiment of the status display device, in the case of the transponder with a passive voltage supply, the transponder can be activated from an idle state into an operating state via an activation signal of the reading module.

Dadurch kann der Betriebszustand des Transponders gezielt aktiviert und/oder inaktiviert werden und die gespeicherte Betriebsspannung des Transponders während des Ruhezustandes eingespart werden. Insbesondere kann durch den Ruhezustand des Transponders ein Detektieren des Transponders und/oder der Zündeinrichtung verhindert werden.This enables the operating state of the transponder to be activated and / or inactivated in a targeted manner and the stored operating voltage of the transponder can be saved during the idle state. In particular, detection of the transponder and / or the ignition device can be prevented by the idle state of the transponder.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform überwacht die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung zwei oder mehrere Stufen einer Zündkette.In a further embodiment, the status display device monitors two or more stages of an ignition chain.

Dadurch kann der jeweilige Zustand der einzelnen Stufen einer Zündkette überwacht und an ein Lesemodul übertragen werden. Ebenso können die Zustände einzelner Baugruppen innerhalb einer einzelnen Stufe einer Zündkette parallel bestimmt werden.This allows the respective status of the individual stages of an ignition chain to be monitored and transmitted to a reader module. The states of individual assemblies within a single stage of an ignition chain can also be determined in parallel.

Somit kann die Statusanzeigevorrichtung nicht nur für das Zündsystem selbst eingesetzt sondern für mehrere Stufen der Zündkette bis einschließlich einer Munition verwendet werden. Für die mehrstufige Zündkette "Zünder - Verstärkerladung - Wirkladung" eines Gefechtskopfs können beispielsweise unabhängig von einander der Zustand eines Raketenmotors einer Rakete und der Zustand der Wirkladung des zugehörigen Gefechtskopfes ausgewertet werden. Hierbei kann auch ein Fall auftreten, bei dem der Raketenmotor entsichert ist, der Gefechtskopf selbst jedoch noch gesichert ist.The status display device can thus not only be used for the ignition system itself, but can also be used for several stages of the ignition chain up to and including one ammunition. For the multi-stage ignition chain "fuse - booster charge - effective charge" of a warhead, for example, the state of a rocket motor of a rocket and the state of the effective charge of the associated warhead can be evaluated independently of one another. A case can also arise here in which the rocket motor is unlocked, but the warhead itself is still secured.

Folglich können detaillierte Informationen zum Zustand der Zündkette gewonnen und eine höhere Sicherheit erreicht werden.As a result, detailed information on the condition of the ignition chain can be obtained and greater safety can be achieved.

Bei einer "Zündkette" handelt es sich insbesondere um nacheinander angeordnete Zündelemente und/oder Anzündelemente, welche eine Detonation einer Wirkladung und/oder eine Initiierung einer Treibladung ermöglichen.An “ignition chain” is, in particular, ignition elements and / or ignition elements arranged one after the other, which enable a detonation of an active charge and / or initiation of a propellant charge.

In einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Lesemodul zum berührungslosen Auslesen des Zustandes eines Zündsystems, wobei das Lesemodul ein elektromagnetisches Signal sendet und/oder empfängt, und dem Lesemodul mindestens eine zuvor beschriebene Statusanzeigeeinrichtung zugeordnet ist, wobei das Lesemodul eine Anzeige des Zustandes des Zündsystems aufweist.In a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a reading module for contactless reading of the status of an ignition system, the reading module sending and / or receiving an electromagnetic signal, and at least one previously described status display device being assigned to the reading module, the reading module displaying the Has the state of the ignition system.

Dadurch wird ein Lesemodul bereitgestellt, mit welchem der Zustand eines Zündsystems berührungslos und in größerer Entfernung vom Zündsystem ausgelesen und angezeigt werden kann. Somit wird die Sicherheit erhöht und eine unmittelbare Gefährdung von Personen vermieden.This provides a reading module with which the status of an ignition system is contactless and in greater Distance from the ignition system can be read out and displayed. This increases safety and avoids immediate danger to people.

Um bei unbekannten und nicht sichtbaren Zündsystemen und/oder Munitionen deren ungefähre Lage zu bestimmen, weist das Lesemodul eine Positionsbestimmungseinheit auf, sodass eine relative Position des Lesemoduls zur Statusanzeigeeinrichtung angezeigt wird.In order to determine the approximate position of unknown and invisible ignition systems and / or ammunition, the reading module has a position determining unit, so that a relative position of the reading module to the status display device is displayed.

Dadurch wird das Wiederaufnehmen, Bergen und/oder Räumen von verloren gegangener, verdeckter und/oder unbekannter Munition erheblich vereinfacht.This considerably simplifies the retrieval, recovery and / or clearing of lost, concealed and / or unknown ammunition.

Eine "Positionsbestimmungseinheit" ist insbesondere eine Einheit, welche die Position des Transponders über die gelesene Identität, das beeinflusste elektromagnetische Signal und/oder Feldes des Transponders und/oder über Interpolationen bestimmt. Die Positionsbestimmungseinheit bestimmt insbesondere nicht die absolute Position als Koordinaten, sondern die Ausrichtung und/oder den Abstand des Transponders vom Lesemodul.A “position determination unit” is, in particular, a unit which determines the position of the transponder via the read identity, the influenced electromagnetic signal and / or field of the transponder and / or via interpolations. In particular, the position determination unit does not determine the absolute position as coordinates, but rather the alignment and / or the distance of the transponder from the reading module.

In einem zusätzlichen Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch einen Zünder zum Zünden einer Munition, wobei der Zünder mindestens eine zuvor beschriebene Statusanzeigeeinrichtung aufweist.In an additional aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a detonator for igniting ammunition, the detonator having at least one status display device described above.

Somit kann die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung direkt im Zünder oder in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Zünder angeordnet sein. Durch die unmittelbare Nähe werden eine schnelle Bestimmung des Zustandes des Zünders und/oder Zündsystems sowie eine geringere Fehleranfälligkeit ermöglicht.The status display device can thus be arranged directly in the igniter or in the immediate vicinity of the igniter. Due to the immediate proximity, a fast Determination of the state of the igniter and / or ignition system and a lower susceptibility to errors made possible.

Der "Zünder" entspricht dem eigentlichen Bauteil eines Zünders oder dem oben definierten Zündsystem.The "igniter" corresponds to the actual component of an igniter or the ignition system defined above.

In einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Munition, welche einen zuvor beschriebenen Zünder oder eine zuvor beschriebene Statusanzeigeeinrichtung aufweist.In a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by an ammunition which has a previously described detonator or a previously described status display device.

Dadurch ist es möglich, insbesondere bei unbekannter, verloren gegangener und/oder nicht zugängiger Munition den Status des Zündsystems und/oder die relative Position der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung und somit der Munition zu bestimmen.This makes it possible to determine the status of the ignition system and / or the relative position of the status display device and thus of the ammunition, particularly in the case of unknown, lost and / or inaccessible ammunition.

Folglich wird das Auffinden, Räumen, und/oder Bergen von Munition erleichtert und kann gezielter durchgeführt werden.As a result, finding, clearing and / or retrieving ammunition is made easier and can be carried out in a more targeted manner.

Unter "Munition" wird insbesondere der nicht fest mit einer Waffe oder einem Werkzeug verbundene, meist nachladbare Teil einer Waffe oder eines Werkzeuges verstanden, welcher den eigentlichen Wirkungsträger darstellt. Auch kann die Munition insbesondere selbst eine Waffe darstellen. Munition umfasst insbesondere Gegenstände und Komponenten, welche Explosionsstoffe, Explosivstoffe, sonstige gefährliche Stoffe und/oder aus solchen Stoffen und/oder Material bestehen, welches aus und/oder mit einer Waffe verschossen und/oder eingesetzt werden kann. Unter Munition fallen insbesondere Patronenmunition, Sprengköpfe, Handgranaten, Minen, Bomben, Torpedos und/oder Raketen. Unter Munition werden insbesondere auch eingesetzte Munition und/oder Kampfmittel verstanden, welche nicht zur Wirkung gelangt sind (sogenannte "Blindgänger").“Ammunition” is understood to mean, in particular, the mostly reloadable part of a weapon or tool that is not permanently connected to a weapon or a tool and which represents the actual functional unit. The ammunition can in particular also represent a weapon itself. Ammunition includes in particular objects and components which are explosives, explosives, other dangerous substances and / or consist of such substances and / or material which can be fired and / or used from and / or with a weapon. Ammunition includes in particular cartridge ammunition, warheads, Hand grenades, mines, bombs, torpedoes and / or missiles. Ammunition is also understood to mean, in particular, ammunition and / or ordnance used which did not take effect (so-called "duds").

In einem zusätzlichen Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 gelöst.In an additional aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method according to claim 12.

Dadurch wird ein Verfahren bereitgestellt, bei dem der Zustand eines Zündsystems nicht in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Munition optisch außen am Zündsystem abgelesen werden muss, sondern bei dem der Zustand des Zündsystems berührungslos zu einem weiter entfernten Lesemodul übertragen wird, welches den Zustand des Zündsystems der Munition anzeigt.This provides a method in which the status of an ignition system does not have to be read off optically on the ignition system in the immediate vicinity of the ammunition, but in which the status of the ignition system is transmitted without contact to a reader module further away, which displays the status of the ammunition's ignition system .

Folglich ist ein gefahrloseres Überwachen, Bergen und/oder Räumen von Munition möglich. Zudem kann das Räumen und/oder Bergen auch schneller erfolgen, da mit dem Lesegerät mehrere Munitionen überwacht werden können.As a result, a safer monitoring, recovery and / or clearing of ammunition is possible. In addition, clearing and / or recovery can also be done more quickly, since several ammunition can be monitored with the reader.

Im Weiteren wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Figur 1
eine stark schematische Darstellung einer Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung mit einer Statusanzeigeeinrichtung und einem Zünder im entsicherten Zustand,
Figur 2
eine stark schematische Darstellung der Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung mit der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung und dem Zünder im sicheren Zustand,
Figur 3
die stark schematische Darstellung der Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung mit der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung und dem Zünder im sicheren Zustand und einer Verstärkerladung, und
Figur 4
eine stark schematische Schnittdarstellung der Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung in Draufsicht mit der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung und dem Zünder im sicheren Zustand und einer Verstärkerladung.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Show it
Figure 1
a highly schematic representation of a safety and ignition device with a status display device and a detonator in the unlocked state,
Figure 2
a highly schematic representation of the fuse and ignition device with the status display device and the igniter in the safe state,
Figure 3
the highly schematic representation of the fuse and ignition device with the status display device and the igniter in a safe state and a booster charge, and
Figure 4
a highly schematic sectional view of the fuse and ignition device in plan view with the status display device and the igniter in the safe state and a booster charge.

Eine Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung 101 weist ein Gehäuse 105, eine Statusanzeigeeinrichtung 103, einen Zünder 115 und eine Rotor 119 auf. Der Rotor 119 weist an seinen beiden Enden jeweils einen runden Stab und in seiner Mitte einen flachen, breiten Steg 120 auf. Zudem sind außen am Gehäuse 105 eine erste RFID-Antenne 111, eine zweite RFID-Antenne 113 und ein Sichtfenster 131 angeordnet.A fuse and ignition device 101 has a housing 105, a status display device 103, an igniter 115 and a rotor 119. The rotor 119 has a round rod at each of its two ends and a flat, wide web 120 in its center. In addition, a first RFID antenna 111, a second RFID antenna 113 and a viewing window 131 are arranged on the outside of the housing 105.

Die Statusanzeigeeinrichtung 103 weist die erste RFID-Antenne 111, die zweite RFID-Antenne 113, den ersten RFID-Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand, den zweiten RFID-Transponder 109 für den sicheren Zustand, zwei Kontakte 125 des entsicherten Zustandes und zwei Kontaktflächen 123 des entsicherten Zustandes sowie zwei Kontakte 129 des sicheren Zustandes und zwei Kontaktflächen 127 des sicheren Zustandes auf. Der erste RFID-Transponder 107 und der zweite RFID-Transponder 109 sind passive RFID-Transponder.The status display device 103 has the first RFID antenna 111, the second RFID antenna 113, the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state, the second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state, two contacts 125 for the unlocked state and two contact surfaces 123 of the unlocked state and two contacts 129 of the safe state and two contact surfaces 127 of the safe state. The first RFID transponder 107 and the second RFID transponder 109 are passive RFID transponders.

Die Zündelektronik 117 ist mit dem Zünder 115 verbunden, welcher in redundanter Doppelanordnung ausgeführt ist. Des Weiteren ist die Zündelektronik 117 mit dem Motor 121 des Rotors 119 verbunden.The ignition electronics 117 is connected to the igniter 115, which is in a redundant double arrangement is executed. Furthermore, the electronic ignition system 117 is connected to the motor 121 of the rotor 119.

Zusätzlich befindet sich im Sichtfenster 131 eine optische grüne Anzeige 135 des sicheren Zustandes "S" ("SAFE") oder eine optische rote Anzeige 137 des entsicherten Zustandes "A" ("ARMED") oder einer Zwischenstellung nach dem Stand der Technik. Auf der Seite des Sichtfensters 131 ist dazu eine entsprechende Stirnfläche des Rotors 119 nach dem Stand der Technik rot lackiert mit Ausnahme von zwei Bereichen mit den grünen Markierung "S" der optischen Anzeigen 135 für den sicheren Zustand.In addition, there is an optical green display 135 of the safe state "S" ("SAFE") or an optical red display 137 of the unlocked state "A" ("ARMED") or an intermediate position according to the prior art in the viewing window 131. For this purpose, on the side of the viewing window 131, a corresponding end face of the rotor 119 according to the prior art is painted red with the exception of two areas with the green marking "S" of the optical displays 135 for the safe state.

Die Zündelektronik 117 steuert den Motor 121, welcher den Rotor 119 antreibt, sowie eine elektrische Ansteuerung (Zündimpuls) des pyrotechnischen Zünders 115.The ignition electronics 117 controls the motor 121, which drives the rotor 119, and an electrical control (ignition pulse) of the pyrotechnic igniter 115.

Im entsicherten Zustand ist durch eine Explosion des Zünders 115 eine Verstärkerladung 139 als ein weiteres pyrotechnisches Element, welches vor dem Rotor 119 angeordnet und nicht in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigt ist, zur Explosion zu bringen.In the unlocked state, an explosion of the igniter 115 causes a booster charge 139 as a further pyrotechnic element, which is arranged in front of the rotor 119 and not in Fig. 1 and 2nd is shown to explode.

Nach dem Stand der Technik wird der entsicherte Zustand im Sichtfenster 131 durch ein Erscheinen der roten Markierung mit dem "A" der optischen Anzeige 137 des entsicherten Zustandes stirnseitig am Rotor 119 angezeigt.According to the prior art, the unlocked state is indicated in the viewing window 131 by the appearance of the red marking with the “A” on the optical display 137 of the unlocked state on the front side of the rotor 119.

Erfindungsgemäß werden im entsicherten Zustand durch die Rotorstellung über eine der beiden Kontaktflächen 123 des entsicherten Zustands an der Mantelfläche des Rotors 119 die beiden Kontakte 125 des entsicherten Zustandes beschaltet, welche mit dem ersten RFID-Transponder für den entsicherten Zustand 107 elektrisch verbunden sind. Die entsprechenden Kontakte 129 des sicheren Zustandes des zweiten RFID-Transponders 109 für den sicheren Zustand sind in der Rotorstellung des entsicherten Zustandes offen. Folglich wird mit einem nicht gezeigten RFID-Lesegerät der erste RFID-Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand ausgelesen und somit der entsicherte Zustand detektiert und angezeigt.According to the invention, in the unlocked state, the rotor position via one of the two contact surfaces 123 of the unlocked state on the outer surface of the rotor 119 wired the two contacts 125 of the unlocked state, which are electrically connected to the first RFID transponder for the unlocked state 107. The corresponding contacts 129 of the secure state of the second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state are open in the rotor position of the unlocked state. Consequently, the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state is read out with an RFID reader, not shown, and the unlocked state is thus detected and displayed.

Bei einer Übertragung an das RFID-Lesegerät sind elektromagnetische Felder des ersten RFID-Transponder 107 und der ersten RFID-Antenne 111 oder des zweiten RFID-Transponders 109 und der zweiten RFID-Antenne 113 durch nicht gezeigte spezielle abschirmende Elemente auf den Bereich des ersten RFID-Transponders 107 und der ersten RFID-Antenne 111 oder des zweiten RFID-Transponders 109 und der zweiten RFID-Antenne 113 beschränkt, so dass die elektromagnetischen Felder nicht in den Zünder 115 und die Zündelektronik 117 eindringen.When transmitting to the RFID reader, electromagnetic fields of the first RFID transponder 107 and the first RFID antenna 111 or of the second RFID transponder 109 and the second RFID antenna 113 are on the area of the first RFID by special shielding elements (not shown) -Transponder 107 and the first RFID antenna 111 or the second RFID transponder 109 and the second RFID antenna 113, so that the electromagnetic fields do not penetrate into the igniter 115 and the ignition electronics 117.

Im alternativen Fall des sicheren Zustandes sind die Austrittsöffnungen des Zünders 115 durch den flachen, breiten Steg 120 in der Mitte des Rotors 119 derart blockiert, dass die Verstärkerladung 139 auch im Fall einer Zündung des Zünders 115 nicht explodiert. Hierzu blockiert der Rotor 119 im sicheren Zustand durch sein massives Material eine Explosionsrichtung 141 des Zünders 115. Dadurch wird eine Zündkette zwischen dem Zünder 115 und der Verstärkerladung 139 zuverlässig unterbrochen.In the alternative case of the safe state, the outlet openings of the igniter 115 are blocked by the flat, wide web 120 in the center of the rotor 119 in such a way that the booster charge 139 does not explode even if the igniter 115 is ignited. For this purpose, the rotor 119 blocks a direction of explosion 141 of the igniter 115 in the safe state due to its solid material. As a result, an ignition chain between the igniter 115 and the booster charge 139 is reliably interrupted.

Der sichere Zustand des Zünders 115 wird nach dem Stand der Technik im Sichtfenster 131 durch die grüne Markierung mit dem "S" der optischen Anzeige 135 des sicheren Zustandes angezeigt.According to the prior art, the safe state of the detonator 115 is indicated in the viewing window 131 by the green marking with the "S" of the optical display 135 of the safe state.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in der Rotorstellung des sicheren Zustandes eine der beiden Kontaktflächen 127 des sicheren Zustandes auf der Mantelfläche des Rotors 119 mit den beiden Kontakten 129 des sicheren Zustandes geschlossen, welche mit dem zweiten RFID-Transponder 109 für den sicheren Zustand verbunden sind. Die entsprechenden Kontakte 125 des entsicherten Zustandes des ersten RFID-Transponders 107 für den entsicherten Zustand sind in dieser Rotorstellung offen. Somit liest das RFID-Lesegerät den zweiten RFID-Transponder 109 für den sicheren Zustand aus, detektiert und zeigt den sicheren Zustand des Zünders 115 an.According to the invention, in the rotor position of the safe state, one of the two contact surfaces 127 of the safe state on the outer surface of the rotor 119 is closed with the two contacts 129 of the safe state, which are connected to the second RFID transponder 109 for the safe state. The corresponding contacts 125 of the unlocked state of the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state are open in this rotor position. The RFID reader thus reads out the second RFID transponder 109 for the safe state, detects and displays the safe state of the detonator 115.

In einer Alternative bei einer Position zwischen Endlagen des Rotors 119 wird aufgrund der Anordnung der optischen Anzeigen 137 des entsicherten Zustandes und somit der roten Färbung der Stirnfläche des Rotors 119 nach dem Stand der Technik und erfindungsgemäß aufgrund der Anordnung der Kontaktflächen 123 und 125 ein entsicherter Zustand festgelegt und vom ersten RFID-Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand übertragen, sodass kein undefinierter Zustand auftritt sowie eine maximale Sicherheit und minimale Gefährdung erzielt wird.In an alternative at a position between the end positions of the rotor 119, due to the arrangement of the optical displays 137 the unlocked state and thus the red coloration of the end face of the rotor 119 according to the prior art and according to the invention due to the arrangement of the contact surfaces 123 and 125, an unlocked state set and transmitted by the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state, so that no undefined state occurs and maximum security and minimal risk is achieved.

In einer Alternative weist ein nicht gezeigter Blindgänger eine Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung 101 und eine Statusanzeigeeinrichtung 103 auf. Der Blindgänger ist im Boden teilweise eingesunken und sein Sichtfeld 131 nicht sichtbar. Folgende Arbeitsgänge werden mit der Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung 101 und der Statusanzeigeeinrichtung 103 realisiert.In an alternative, a dud (not shown) has a safety and ignition device 101 and a status display device 103. The dud is partially sunk into the ground and its field of vision 131 is not visible. The following operations are carried out with the fuse and ignition device 101 and the status display device 103.

Zum Bergen des Blindgängers wird zunächst durch ein Lesegerät in einem Abstand von 5m ein elektromagnetisches Signal mit einer Frequenz von 915MHz ausgesendet. Das vom Lesegerät ausgesendete elektromagnetische Signal wird durch die erste RFID-Antenne 111 empfangen, woraufhin der erste RFID-Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand das vom Lesemodul ausgesendete elektromagnetische Signal durch Modulieren beeinflusst. Das Lesegerät detektiert das durch den ersten Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand beeinflusste elektromagnetische Signal und zeigt den entsicherten Zustand auf dem Lesegerät an. Daraufhin wird die Umgebung um den Blindgänger von Menschen geräumt und der Blindgänger gezielt zur Detonation gebracht. Folglich ist ein gefahrloses Bestimmen des Zustandes des Blindgängers und dessen Räumen erfolgt.To recover the dud, an electromagnetic signal with a frequency of 915MHz is first transmitted by a reader at a distance of 5m. The electromagnetic signal sent out by the reader is received by the first RFID antenna 111, whereupon the first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state influences the electromagnetic signal sent out by the reader module by modulating. The reading device detects the electromagnetic signal influenced by the first transponder 107 for the unlocked state and displays the unlocked state on the reading device. The area around the dud is then cleared of people and the dud is deliberately detonated. As a result, the state of the dud and its clearance has been safely determined.

In einer Alternative ist ein autonomes Unterwasserfahrzeug (AUV) zur Minenzerstörung mit einem ausgefallenen Antrieb aufgrund leerer Batterien in einer Tiefe von 50m auf den Meeresgrund abgesunken. Das AUV weist eine Sprengladung zur Minenzerstörung auf, von der nicht bekannt ist, ob diese vor dem Ausfall des Antriebes entsichert wurde. Die Sprengladung ist mit einer Sicherungs- und Zündeinrichtung 101 und einer Statusanzeigeeinrichtung 103 verbunden.In an alternative, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for mine destruction with a failed drive due to empty batteries sank to the sea floor at a depth of 50m. The AUV has an explosive charge for the destruction of mines, of which it is not known whether it was unlocked before the drive failed. The explosive charge is connected to a safety and ignition device 101 and a status display device 103.

Ein Taucher taucht mit einem wasserdichten RFID-Lesegerät zu dem AUV am Meeresgrund ab. Im Abstand von 0,8m vom AUV stellt der Taucher das wasserdichte RFID-Lesegerät in seiner Hand an und sendet mittels des RFID-Lesegerätes ein Aktivierungssignal und ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer Frequenz von 125kHz aus. Durch das Aktivierungssignal werden ein erster RFID-Transponder 107 für den entsicherten Zustand und ein zweiter RFID-Transponder 109 für den sicheren Zustand von einem Ruhezustand in einen Betriebszustand versetzt.
Aufgrund der Stellung eines Rotors 119 ist der RFID-Transponder 109 für den sicheren Zustand beschaltet. Der RFID-Transponder 109 beeinflusst das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld des RFID-Lesegerätes und überträgt mittels der zweiten RFID-Antenne 113 dadurch den Code für den sicheren Zustand eines Zünders 115 der Sprengladung an das RFID-Lesegerät. Daraufhin liest der Taucher den sicheren Zustand der Sprengladung an einer Anzeige des RFID-Lesegerätes ab und leitet nach seinem Auftauchen die gefahrlose Bergung des AUV über eine Bergeeinrichtung eines Mutterschiffes ein.A diver dives with a waterproof RFID reader to the AUV on the ocean floor. At a distance of 0.8m from the AUV, the diver turns on the waterproof RFID reader in his hand and sends an activation signal and an electromagnetic alternating field with a frequency of 125kHz using the RFID reader. A first RFID transponder 107 for the unlocked state and a second RFID transponder 109 for the secure state are switched from an idle state to an operating state by the activation signal.
Due to the position of a rotor 119, the RFID transponder 109 is connected for the safe state. The RFID transponder 109 influences the electromagnetic alternating field of the RFID reader and by means of the second RFID antenna 113 thereby transmits the code for the safe state of a detonator 115 of the explosive charge to the RFID reader. The diver then reads the safe state of the explosive charge on a display on the RFID reader and, after surfacing, initiates the safe recovery of the AUV via a recovery device on a mother ship.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

101101
Sicherungs- und ZündeinrichtungFuse and ignition device
103103
StatusanzeigeeinrichtungStatus indicator
105105
Gehäusecasing
107107
erster RFID-Transponder für den entsicherten Zustandfirst RFID transponder for the unlocked state
109109
zweiter RFID-Transponder für den sicheren Zustandsecond RFID transponder for the safe state
111111
erste RFID-Antennefirst RFID antenna
113113
zweite RFID-Antennesecond RFID antenna
115115
ZünderDetonator
117117
ZünderelektronikIgnition electronics
119119
Rotorrotor
120120
Steg des RotorsWeb of the rotor
121121
Motor des RotorsMotor of the rotor
123123
Kontaktflächen des entsicherten ZustandesContact surfaces in the unlocked state
125125
Kontakte des entsicherten ZustandesContacts of the unlocked state
127127
Kontaktflächen des sicheren ZustandesSafe state contact surfaces
129129
Kontakte des sicheren ZustandesSafe state contacts
131131
SichtfensterViewing window
135135
optische Anzeige des sicheren Zustandesoptical display of the safe state
137137
optische Anzeige des entsicherten Zustandesoptical display of the unlocked state
139139
VerstärkerladungBooster charge
141141
Explosionsrichtung des ZündersDirection of explosion of the detonator

Claims (13)

  1. Status display device (103) of a firing system, wherein the status display device comprises a first transponder (107, 109) having at least one antenna (111, 113), wherein, in the display situation in a safe state and/or an armed state of the firing system, the first transponder is connected via a connecting element (119), with the result that the state of the firing system can be transmitted in a contactless manner and without an optical display to an assignable reading module by means of the first transponder having the antenna, and the status display device comprises a second transponder having a second antenna, with the result that, in the display situation, a safe state of the firing system is transmitted by one of the two transponders or an armed state of the firing system is transmitted by the other of the two transponders, wherein depending on the state of the firing system, the transponder (109) for the safe state or the transponder (107) for the armed state is connected via the connecting element.
  2. Status display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first transponder and/or the second transponder is/are an RFID transponder (107, 109), with the result that the first transponder and/or the second transponder receive(s), modulate(s) and/or transmit(s) an electromagnetic signal.
  3. Status display device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transponder and/or the second transponder has/have a frequency in the range of 9 kHz to 25 GHz, preferably in the range of 125 kHz to 5.8 GHz.
  4. Status display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transponder and the second transponder have different frequencies and/or protocols.
  5. Status display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transponder and/or the second transponder has/have an active voltage supply and/or a passive voltage supply.
  6. Status display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transponder and/or the second transponder has/have a shield, password protection and/or encryption.
  7. Status display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reading module is assigned to the first transponder and/or to the second transponder.
  8. Status display device according to Claim 7, characterized in that, in the case of the transponder with a passive voltage supply, the transponder can be activated from an idle state into an operating state via an activation signal from the reading module.
  9. Status display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the status display device monitors two or more stages of a firing chain.
  10. Fuze for firing a munition, characterized in that the fuze has at least one status display device according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
  11. Munition, characterized by a fuze according to Claim 10 or a status display device according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
  12. Method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition, in particular a lost and/or previously activated munition, wherein the munition is a munition according to Claim 11 or comprises a fuze according to Claim 10 or a status display device according to one of Claims 1 to 9 and is assigned to a reading module for contactlessly reading the state of a firing system, wherein at least the status display device according to one of Claims 1 to 9 is assigned to the reading module, wherein the reading module has a display of the state of the firing system, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
    - emitting an electromagnetic signal by means of the reading module,
    - receiving the electromagnetic signal emitted by the reading module by means of the antenna of the first transponder (107) and the antenna of the second transponder (109),
    - depending on the state of the firing system, connecting the second transponder (109) for the safe state or the first transponder (107) for the armed state by means of a connecting element;
    - influencing the electromagnetic signal emitted by the reading module by means of the connected transponder (107, 109) on the basis of a safe state or an armed state of the firing system of the munition;
    - detecting the influenced electromagnetic signal by means of the reading module, with the result that the safe state or armed state of the firing system of the munition is displayed, and
    - deliberately deactivating the munition, retrieving the munition and/or monitoring the state of the firing system of the munition again.
  13. Method according to Claim 12, wherein the reading module comprises a position determination unit, with the result that a relative position of the reading module with respect to the status display device is displayed.
EP17730360.9A 2016-05-30 2017-05-02 Status display device of an ignition system, detonator, munition, and method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition Active EP3465072B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016109916.3A DE102016109916A1 (en) 2016-05-30 2016-05-30 Status indicator of an ignition system, read module, detonator, ammunition and method for monitoring and / or retrieving ammunition
PCT/DE2017/100363 WO2017206978A1 (en) 2016-05-30 2017-05-02 Status display device of an ignition system, reader module, detonator, munition, and method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3465072A1 EP3465072A1 (en) 2019-04-10
EP3465072B1 true EP3465072B1 (en) 2020-08-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17730360.9A Active EP3465072B1 (en) 2016-05-30 2017-05-02 Status display device of an ignition system, detonator, munition, and method for monitoring and/or retrieving a munition

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP3465072B1 (en)
KR (1) KR102075854B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102016109916A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017206978A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019205928A1 (en) 2019-04-25 2020-10-29 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Detonator display

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3150172A1 (en) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-30 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING AND / OR MONITORING THE OPERATION OF A BULLET IGNITION
GB2414895B (en) * 1992-05-12 2006-06-28 Marconi Gec Ltd Iff system
US8120461B2 (en) * 2006-04-03 2012-02-21 Intermec Ip Corp. Automatic data collection device, method and article
DE102012021449A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-04-30 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das BMVg, vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr Fuze for detecting interruptible explosive train item, has detection device that is provided with detection unit that detects position of explosive train item

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102075854B1 (en) 2020-03-02
EP3465072A1 (en) 2019-04-10
KR20180120163A (en) 2018-11-05
DE102016109916A1 (en) 2017-11-30
WO2017206978A1 (en) 2017-12-07

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