EP3463028A1 - Lave-vaisselle et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Lave-vaisselle et son procédé de fonctionnement

Info

Publication number
EP3463028A1
EP3463028A1 EP17723614.8A EP17723614A EP3463028A1 EP 3463028 A1 EP3463028 A1 EP 3463028A1 EP 17723614 A EP17723614 A EP 17723614A EP 3463028 A1 EP3463028 A1 EP 3463028A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deionization unit
parameter
deionization
characterizes
dishwasher
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17723614.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Disch
Klaus Padtberg
Dietrich Berner
Harry Braun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Original Assignee
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Illinois Tool Works Inc filed Critical Illinois Tool Works Inc
Publication of EP3463028A1 publication Critical patent/EP3463028A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4229—Water softening arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2301/00—Manual input in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. information entered by a user
    • A47L2301/08—Other manual input
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/11—Water hardness, acidity or basicity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/18—Water softening devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/34—Change machine operation from normal operational mode into special mode, e.g. service mode, resin regeneration mode, sterilizing mode, steam mode, odour eliminating mode or special cleaning mode to clean the hydraulic circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dishwasher and, in particular, to a commercial dishwasher for crockery or utensils, which is in the form of a box-type dishwasher or in the form of a conveyor dishwasher.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a dishwasher.
  • Conveyor dishwashers are, in particular, flight-type warewashers or rack conveyor warewashers.
  • the washware to be cleaned remains stationary in one single treatment zone of the box-type dishwasher during cleaning, in the case of conveyor dishwashers the washware is conveyed through different treatment zones of the conveyor dishwasher.
  • a conveyor dishwasher conventionally comprises at least one pre-wash zone and at least one main wash zone which, as seen in the conveying direction of the washware, is arranged downstream of the pre-wash zone or, respectively, the pre-wash zones.
  • at least one rinse zone and at least one final rinse zone which is connected downstream of the rinse zone, is arranged, as a rule, downstream of the main wash zone or, respectively, the main wash zones.
  • the named wash zones of the conveyor dishwasher have in each case assigned thereto a treatment system which comprises a wash pump and a line system which is connected to the wash pump and by means of which wash liquid is supplied to the nozzle system or, respectively, to the nozzle of the nozzle system.
  • treatment liquid which is supplied to the at least one wash nozzle of the nozzle system, is sprayed in the respective wash zones of the conveyor dishwashers onto the washware which is conveyed through the respective wash zones by a conveying device of the conveyor dishwasher.
  • Each wash zone has associated therewith a tank into which the liquid sprayed by the wash nozzle is received and/or in which liquid is supplied for the nozzle system of the relevant treatment zones.
  • final rinse liquid in the form of fresh water is sprayed onto the washware by means of the spray nozzles of the final rinse zone. At least a portion of the sprayed final rinse liquid is conveyed from zone to zone counter to the conveying direction of the washware by means of a cascade system.
  • the sprayed final rinse liquid is collected in a tank of the rinse zone, from which it is conveyed to the spray nozzles of the rinse zone by means of the wash pump of the wash system associated with the rinse zone.
  • wash liquid is rinsed from the washware.
  • the liquid which is produced in this connection flows into the wash tank of the at least one main wash zone which is connected upstream of the rinse zone as seen in the conveying direction of the washware.
  • the liquid is conventionally provided with a detergent and is sprayed onto the washware via the nozzles of the main wash zone by means of a pump system which is associated with the wash system of the main wash zone.
  • the liquid then flows into the pre-wash tank of the pre-wash zone.
  • the liquid in the pre-wash tank is sprayed onto the washware via the pre-wash nozzles of the pre-wash zone by way of a pump system which is associated with the wash system of the pre-wash zone in order to remove coarse contaminants from the washware.
  • Box-type dishwashers are dishwashers which are manually loadable and unloadable.
  • Crockery basket pass-through dishwashers which are also called hood-type warewashers or front loader warewashers, are included here.
  • Front loaders can be undercounter machines and also topcounter machines or free standing front loaders.
  • a dishwasher realized as a box-type dishwasher conventionally has a treatment zone (treatment chamber) for cleaning the washware.
  • a wash system which is realized as a recirculation loop is arranged, as a rule, in said treatment zone.
  • a wash tank in which liquid from the treatment zone is able to flow back due to gravity, is conventionally arranged under the treatment chamber.
  • Wash liquid which is usually water to which detergent can be added, as necessary, is situated in the wash tank.
  • the wash liquid which is situated in the wash tank can be conveyed by a wash pump via a line system to the at least one wash nozzle and can be sprayed through said at least one wash nozzle onto the washware to be cleaned in the treatment chamber.
  • fresh water can be introduced into the treatment chamber, as a rule into the nozzle and line system of the treatment chamber, via a fresh water inlet. This is necessary, for example, at the start of the cleaning program in order to make a necessary quantity of recirculation water available.
  • introduced fresh water can, however, also serve as final rinse water.
  • the quality of the water of the introduced water is a critical prerequisite for a perfect wash result.
  • the water to be introduced is usually removed from the local drinking water network, as a rule it does not have all the requirements for a water quality that is perfect as regards aspects of dishwashing.
  • the overall hardness of the water to be introduced, the chloride content, the concentration of heavy metals and the overall salt content are used in the assessment of the water quality.
  • the object underlying the present invention is to increase the flow capacity of the washware as well as the reliability of a dishwasher.
  • a dishwasher as well as a method for operating a dishwasher are to be provided, by means of which the reliability of the dishwasher is increased and downtime is reduced, at the same time costs are reduced and at the same time energy and water consumption is decreased, limit values named above for water quality not being exceeded.
  • a dishwasher which is above all a commercial dishwasher for crockery or utensils, which is in the form of a box-type dishwasher or in the form of a conveyor dishwasher, wherein the dishwasher has at least one controllable, capacitive deionization unit with an inlet for fresh water and an outlet for demineralized water and a control device which is associated at least with the deionization unit.
  • control device is designed to preferably automatically, and in an even more preferred manner, selectively automatically adjust, preferably in a regulating manner, at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the deionization unit, depending on at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit or, respectively, the parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit is, in particular, the conductivity of the corresponding liquid which is detectable preferably by means of a corresponding sensor device.
  • the sensor device it is, in particular, conceivable for the sensor device to have at least one correspondingly realized and arranged conductivity sensor.
  • the parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water or, respectively, the quality of the demineralized water is preferably detected continuously or at predefined times and/or events by means of the sensor device.
  • the present invention is not restricted to embodiments where the conductivity value of the liquid provides the parameter which characterizes the quality of the liquid. It would also be conceivable in said context, for example, to draw a conclusion as to at least one parameter characterizing the quality of the liquid in a spectroscopic manner or within the framework of complexometric titration.
  • outlet for demineralized water used herein is not to be interpreted as restrictive.
  • this is, in particular, an outlet of the deionization unit, by means of which water which is demineralized in part in the deionization mode of the deionization unit is able to be output.
  • no demineralized water in the actual sense is consequently output via the outlet for
  • demineralized water In this respect, the intended specification "for demineralized water” is not to be interpreted as restrictive.
  • deionized water used herein is to designate, in particular, also part-deionized water and/or demineralized, in particular part-demineralized water.
  • Deionization or, respectively, mineralization of fresh water takes place in the deionization unit preferably by means of an ion exchange process, by means of which ions are at least partially removed from the fresh water treated in the deionization unit and/or calcium and magnesium are removed.
  • the deionization unit considered herein is realized, in particular, as a capacitive deionization unit which is designed to remove electrically charged particles or ions from the fresh water supplied to the deionization unit via the inlet thereof.
  • the fresh water serving as electrolyte or, respectively, as ion-containing liquid
  • the deionization phase of the deionization unit i.e. the "cleaning phase" of the fresh water which is to be treated in the deionization unit, lasts until the double layer is saturated and the voltage between the electrodes drops away mainly in the double layer and is no longer over the liquid-filled space.
  • a solution called brine is moved into the space and the voltage between the electrodes is reset or even partially reversed.
  • the ions of the double layer diffuse back into the brine.
  • a certain volume of brine is generally used several times for the regeneration of the electrodes, the ion concentration in the brine increasing further each time.
  • a capacitive deionization unit of the type considered herein normally includes several units or cells which are similar in design to a super-capacitor or double layer capacitor.
  • the maximum voltage with which a capacitor cell of this type can be loaded is between 1.3 and 3 volts for fresh water. Otherwise, there is the risk of water electrolysis being able to be started over the two double layers or redox reactions occurring at the electrodes.
  • the cells of the deionization unit can be connected in parallel electrically, hydrodynamically they are arranged serially or in parallel, i.e. a quantity of fresh water liquid to be treated can be divided into different part quantities or part volumes which are processed in parallel or can flow through several cells one after the other.
  • the active overall electrode surface is critical to the maximum throughput of liquid, i.e. to the output of the deionization device. Said active overall electrode surface is increased by using porous electrode coatings.
  • the dishwasher has a manually operable interface by means of which the at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the deionization unit can be adjusted by the operator of the dishwasher.
  • the capacitive deionization unit or, respectively, at least one cell thereof has a plate capacitor with a positive and a negative electrode, "positive” and “negative” referring to the operating mode of the capacitive deionization unit.
  • Such capacitive deionization units are also designated as FTC units (Flow Through Capacitor Cell).
  • Conceivable in said context is that the positive and the negative electrodes are kept apart by a spacer in order to define a flow path in the space between them for the fresh water to be treated.
  • demineralization process that is to say when there is a positive electrical potential at the positive electrode and a negative electric potential at the negative electrode, water (permeate) flowing through between the capacitor plates is effectively demineralized or, respectively, deionized at least in part.
  • minerals from the traversing water are kept back (retentate) in the region of the plates.
  • an anion membrane is preferably provided at the positive electrode placed on the side of the traversed space.
  • a cation membrane is provided at the negative electrode on the side of the space.
  • the retentate which has been generated during the deionization phase or, respectively, demineralization phase, is concentrated in the water (which stands still or only flows slowly) in the space between the capacitor plates during said regeneration phase of the capacitive deionization unit. Said concentrated retentate in the relatively small volume of water is then able to be flushed as wastewater out of the capacitor deionization unit.
  • the control device of the dishwasher according to the invention which is associated at least with the deionization unit, is designed to adjust the level of an electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit and/or the polarity of an electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit depending on the parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit. It is possible in this way, as necessary, to adapt the deionization effect of the deionization unit to the real case.
  • the level of the electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit is increased preferably automatically according to the invention by means of the control device in order to increase the degree of deionizing or, respectively, the mineralizing of the deionization unit.
  • the deionization unit has at least one cell which can be selectively operated in a deionization mode or in a regeneration mode.
  • control device is designed to select and adjust the operating mode (deionization mode or regeneration mode) of the at least one cell of the deionization unit, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the deionization unit has a first cell and at least one further second cell which is connected in series or preferably in parallel with the first cell
  • the control device is designed to selectively select and adjust the operating mode of the first cell and the operating mode of the at least one further, second cell, depending on at the least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the control device is designed to selectively select and adjust the operating mode of the first cell and the operating mode of the at least one further, second cell, depending on at the least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the individual cells of the deionization unit are controllable selectively by the control device, in particular as relates to the voltage supply to the respective cells of the deionization unit.
  • the selective actuation of the individual cells of the deionization unit is preferably effected depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the switchover frequency between the deionization mode and the regeneration mode is selected and adjusted by means of the control device. This is preferably effected individually for each cell of the deionization unit, and, in an even more preferred manner, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit.
  • the invention is not limited to the regulating adjustment of the cycle time, of the switchover frequency and/or of the electric voltage. Rather, the invention, according to a further aspect, also relates to a dishwasher which has a control device which is designed to selectively adjust at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the first and/or the at least one further, second cell, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the
  • control device which is associated with at least the deionization unit is further designed to select and correspondingly adjust at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the deionization unit and, respectively, the operation of the at least one cell of the deionization unit and/or an operating mode of the deionization unit and, respectively, an operating mode of the at least one cell of the deionization unit, in particular also depending on a treatment program which is selected for the dishwasher or depending on a treatment phase of the dishwasher (occurring at that moment or intended to occur shortly).
  • the control device which is associated with at least the deionization unit, adjusts the deionization unit in a preferred manner such that the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet of the deionization unit corresponds to the quality necessary for optimum glass cleaning or, respectively, glass washing.
  • Said quality of the demineralized water is, as a rule, greater in comparison with the quality of demineralized water which is to be used to clean, for example, plastic material trays.
  • the deionizing or, respectively, the mineralizing of the water which is used for washing and rinsing in the dishwasher can be adapted in an optimum manner to the respective facts and conditions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a dishwasher which is designed in the form of a conveyor dishwasher according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a dishwasher which is designed in the form of a conveyor dishwasher according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation in cross section of a cell of a
  • FIG. 4 shows the cell of the capacitive deionization unit from FIG. 3 during a regeneration operation
  • FIG. 5 shows the cell of the capacitive deionization unit from FIG. 3 during a flush operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal view of an example of a conveyor dishwasher 100 which is designed according to the teachings of the present invention.
  • the conveyor dishwasher 100 according to the representation in FIG. 1 has a pre-wash zone 30, a main wash zone 31, a rinse zone 32, a final rinse zone 33 and a drying zone 34. After passing through an inlet tunnel 36a, the aforenamed zones are run through by the washware (not shown in FIG. 1) in the conveying direction T.
  • Washware received either directly on a conveyor belt 35 or washware held by means of baskets runs in the conveying direction T accordingly first of all through an inlet tunnel 36a, the pre-wash zone 30 which connects to said inlet tunnel, the main wash zone 31 which connects to said pre-wash zone, the rinse zone 32 which connects to said main wash zone, the final rinse zone 33 which connects to said rinse zone and the drying zone 34 which connects to said final rinse zone.
  • the treatment zones 30, 31, 32, 33 of the conveyor dishwasher 100 have associated therewith in each case a treatment system with a nozzle system (60, 61, 62, 63) each nozzle system having at least one nozzle for spraying treatment liquid onto the washware which is conveyed past.
  • a nozzle system 60, 61, 62, 63
  • At least the pre-wash zone 30, the main wash zone 31 and the rinse zone 32 have associated therewith in each case a wash tank (80, 81, 82) in which sprayed wash liquid is received and/or wash liquid is supplied for the nozzle systems of the relevant treatment zones (30, 31, 32).
  • Pumps which, via a line system which is connected thereto, supply the liquid from the wash tanks (80, 81, 82) to the respective nozzle systems 60, 61, 62 again at least in part, are provided for circulating the sprayed treatment liquid at least in the pre-wash zone 30, the main wash zone 31 and the rinse zone 32.
  • a dishwasher control means which is not shown in the drawings and, in the case of the embodiment of the invention realized as a conveyor dishwasher 100, serves, among other things, for controlling the respective wash pumps of the treatment systems in a suitable manner during a wash process in order to supply wash liquid to the nozzle systems 60, 61, 62 of the respective treatment systems at least at times via the associated line system.
  • the nozzle system 63 of the final rinse zone 33 is supplied with final rinse liquid via a fresh water inlet 70, through which fresh water is pumped out of a buffer storage unit 53 by means of a rinse pump 43.
  • the final rinse liquid is sprayed onto the washware, which is not shown in FIG. 1, inside the final rinse zone 33 by means of the nozzles of the nozzle system 63, which are arranged above and below the conveyor belt 35.
  • the nozzle system 63 of the final rinse zone 33 can also have laterally arranged spray nozzles.
  • a portion of the final rinse liquid sprayed in the final rinse zone is conveyed from zone to zone counter to the conveying direction T of the washware by means of a cascade system.
  • the final rinse liquid sprayed in the final rinse zone 33 is collected in the tank (rinse tank 82) of the rinse zone 32, from which it is conveyed by means of the wash pump which is associated with the wash system of the rinse zone 32 to the nozzle system 62, i.e. to the rinse nozzles 62 of the rinse zone 32. Wash liquid is rinsed from the washware in the rinse zone 32.
  • the wash liquid then flows into the pre-wash tank 80 of the pre-wash zone 30.
  • the wash liquid collected in the pre-wash tank 80 is sprayed onto the washware in the pre-wash zone 30 by means of a wash pump which is associated with the wash system 60 of the pre-wash zone 30 by means of the pre- wash nozzles of the nozzle system 60 which is associated with the pre-wash zone 30 in order to remove coarse contaminants from the washware.
  • a fresh water system which has a capacitive deionization unit 50, which is connected between a water supply 71 and the fresh water inlet 70, is designed to be controllable and, in turn, once again has two cells 50a, 50b.
  • the capacitive deionization unit 50 is designed, in this connection, in such a manner that it (or, respectively, its cells 50a, 50b) is (or, respectively, are) able to be moved in a controllable manner into a deionization mode, a regeneration mode and a flush mode. Said individual operating modes will be explained in more detail further below in conjunction with figures 3 to 5.
  • deionized fresh water is transferred via an outlet 51 of the capacitive deionization unit 50 into the buffer storage unit 53. From here, it can be supplied to the treatment zones, in particular to the nozzle system 63 of the final rinse zone 33, by means of the final rinse pump 43 (which is also designed in a controllable manner) via the fresh water inlet 70.
  • the concentrated retentate is able to be removed from the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, from the cells 50a, 50b thereof via a retentate outlet 52.
  • the control device is designed (e.g., programmed or otherwise configured) in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 for the purpose of modifying the operating mode of the cells 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50 to the effect that it is possible to switch over between the deionization mode of the capacitive deionization unit 50, the regeneration mode and the flush mode.
  • Such a switchover of the operating mode of the capacitive deionization unit 50 is effected in this connection in dependence on at least one operating variable.
  • the control device 10 receives a conductivity signal of the conductivity of the liquid in the buffer storage unit 53 via a conductivity sensor 11, a fill level inside the buffer storage unit 53 by means of a fill lever sensor 12 and information concerning detected washware at the inlet 35 of the conveyor dishwasher 100 by means of an input identification device 20. It is additionally conceivable for the control device 10 to receive information on the status, for example the retentate concentration at the electrodes or, respectively, at the membranes of the cells 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50.
  • the control device 10 performs a switchover between the individual operating modes of the capacitive deionization unit 50.
  • the two cells 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50 to be operated in an alternate manner in each case in their respective deionization mode, their respective regeneration mode and their respective flush mode.
  • the capacitive deionization unit 50 With reference to the fill level, which is detected by means of the fill level sensor 12, inside the buffer storage unit 53, according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the capacitive deionization unit 50, or, respectively, at least one cell 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50, can be operated in its deionization mode when the fill level inside the buffer storage unit 53 has dropped below a fixed or fixable threshold value. [0065] In contrast to this, where the fresh water fill level inside the buffer storage unit 53 is sufficient, i.e.
  • the fill level sensor 12 detects that a fixed or fixable upper limit value for the fresh water fill level inside the buffer storage unit 53 has been exceeded, it is provided to operate the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, at least one of the cells 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50 in its/their regeneration mode or in its/their flush mode.
  • a measurement of the conductivity can also be carried out inside the buffer storage unit 53 by means of the conductivity sensor 11 and the measured value can be transmitted to the control device 10.
  • Such a conductivity measurement via a concentration sensor which is designed as a conductivity sensor 11 provides a measure for the ion concentration of the supplied fresh water inside the buffer storage unit 53. Accordingly, it is possible to adjust a target ion concentration of the supplied fresh water which is output into the buffer storage unit 53 as a result of corresponding actuation of the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, of the cells 50a, 50b.
  • washware type identification by means of the input identification device 20, such a desired ion concentration (max.
  • an ion concentration which is set at a measured conductivity of approximately 100 ⁇ 8/ ⁇ , with reference to the supplied fresh water inside the buffer storage means 53, is sensible in the case of washware which is detected as glassware. It is possible to give other concentrations for other types of washware or, respectively, to give conductivities which are directly linked to the concentrations.
  • the quality of the fresh water output for the detected type of washware (in this case: glasses), which is determined by the conductivity sensor 11, continues to be sufficient, the regeneration phase and flush phase of the cells 50a, 50b of the capacitive deionization unit 50 is selected by the control device 10 for a later, more favorable time, for example when the buffer storage unit 53 is sufficiently filled.
  • a controllable valve (V2, V4, V5) is provided in each case in the water supply 71, upstream of the outlet 51 and upstream of the retentate outlet 52, it also being possible to control the valves V2, V4, V5 by means of the control device 10.
  • Said valves V2, V4, V5 serve for the purpose of supporting the switchover of the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, of the cells 50a, 50b thereof, between their respective deionization mode and in the regeneration mode or, respectively, the flush mode.
  • FIG. 2 it is also conceivable as an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, to realize the dishwasher as a box-type dishwasher 200.
  • the box-type dishwasher 200 has one single treatment zone 201 (treatment chamber) in which a nozzle system 202, consisting of upper and lower nozzles, is realized for spraying the washware (not shown in FIG. 2) with treatment liquid.
  • such a dishwasher which is realized as a box-type dishwasher 200 has a program control device (not shown in FIG. 2) for controlling at least one wash program.
  • the treatment chamber (treatment zone 201) is designed to be closable by a door (not shown) or a hood (not shown) and serves for receiving washware to be cleaned such as, for example, crockery, cutlery, pots, pans and/or trays.
  • a wash pump is provided for conveying wash liquid out of the wash tank through a wash liquid line system to the nozzle system 202 of the box-type dishwasher 200.
  • the wash liquid which is sprayed inside the treatment zone 201, flows back into the wash tank 203 on account of gravity.
  • the wash tank 203, the wash pump, the wash liquid line system and the nozzle system 202 together with the treatment zone 201 form a wash liquid circuit.
  • a fresh water pump 43 which is connected on the input side to a buffer storage unit 53, is provided for supplying fresh water into a fresh water inlet 70, which, in turn, introduces water into the nozzle system 202 or, respectively, into the treatment zone 201 of the box-type dishwasher 200.
  • a dishwasher which is realized as a box-type dishwasher 200 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, has, in turn, a fresh water system which is formed by, among other things, a capacitive deionization unit which is connected on the input side to a water supply 71 and on the output side, with the interposition of the buffer storage unit 53 and the fresh water pump 43, to the fresh water inlet 70.
  • a capacitive deionization unit 50 which has several cells 50a, 50b in the case of a box-type dishwasher 200.
  • a control device 10 which is designed for the purpose of controlling the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, the cells 50a, 50b thereof independently of an operating variable of the dishwasher, in particular between a deionization mode, a regeneration mode and a flush mode of the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, of the cells 50a, 50b thereof.
  • a wash program of the dishwasher such as, e.g., a glass wash program, a cutlery wash program or a pots wash program, is considered as one of the operating variables on which a switchover of the operating mode of the capacitive deionization unit by means of the control device is made dependent.
  • the demineralizing program step (that is the time period) during which the capacitive deionization unit 50 or, respectively, at least one of its cells 50a, 50b, is operated in the deionization mode can be extended in order to obtain a smaller ion concentration of the output permeate as a result.
  • an upper limit value for the conductivity of the supplied freshwater inside the buffer storage unit 53 which supplies conclusions as to the ion concentration, can consequently be selected as approximately 80 ⁇ 8/ ⁇ .
  • said upper limit value can be
  • the necessary quantity of fresh water and the selected wash program determine the time limits and the quality of the supplied permeate of the capacitive deionization unit (FTC unit) as a result of influencing the start or end points or, respectively, the time taken for the individual operating modes of the capacitive deionization unit (deionizing/regenerating, flushing).
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a cell 50a, 50b of a capacitive deionization unit 50 which has a positive electrode 54a and a negative electrode 54b. It must be pointed out in this context that the expressions "positive” and “negative” provide the polarity of said electrodes 54a, 54b during a deionization operation. As described further below, switching the polarity of the electrodes 54a, 54b is also provided in other operating modes.
  • a flow path for traversing water is provided between the positive electrode 54a and the negative electrode 54b, the flow direction of the water is indicated by way of the reference 57.
  • An anion membrane 55 is provided in the vicinity of the positive electrode 54a, placed toward the flow path; in an analogous manner, a cation membrane 56 is provided in the vicinity of the negative electrode 54b.
  • the anion membrane 55 is only permeable to anions, whereas the cation membrane 56 is analogously only passable by cations.
  • a positive voltage is therefore placed at the positive electrode 54a and a negative voltage is placed at the negative electrode 54b.
  • Water traversing the cell 50a, 50b is then deionized in a deionization operation, as shown in FIG. 3, as a result of anions 58 being attracted inside the water flow in the direction of the positive electrode 54a and cation 59 in the direction of the negative electrode 54b. Water leaving the cell consequently only still has a very small ion concentration.
  • FIG. 4 shows a regeneration operation of the cells 50a, 50b from FIG. 3.
  • a negative electric voltage is placed on the positive electrode 54a in the regeneration mode; analogously to this, a positive voltage is placed on the negative electrode 54b in said regeneration mode.
  • the water inside the cell normally stands still such that the minerals which have accumulated on the electrodes during the deionization operation of the cell 50a, 50b are concentrated in the water. Care must be taken in this connection to ensure that the anion membrane 55 and the cation membrane 56 ensure that no enrichment of the oppositely charged ions 55, 59 takes place at the electrodes 54a, 54b.
  • the dishwasher 100, 200 according to the invention is also distinguished, in particular, in that the control device 10 is designed to adjust, preferably in a regulating manner, at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the deionization unit 50, depending on at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet 71 of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50.
  • the parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 or, respectively, the parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50 is, in particular, the conductivity of the corresponding liquid which is preferably detectable by means of a corresponding sensor device.
  • the sensor device it is in particular conceivable for the sensor device to have at least one correspondingly designed and arranged conductivity sensor.
  • the deionization unit 50 considered herein is realized, in particular, as a capacitive deionization unit 50 which is designed to remove electrically charged particles or ions from the fresh water supplied to the deionization unit 50 via the inlet thereof.
  • the fresh water serving as electrolyte or, respectively, as ion-containing liquid, is moved into a space between two oppositely charged electrodes of a capacitor.
  • the charged particles diffuse to one of the electrodes and form an electric double layer with the same.
  • the deionization phase of the deionization unit 50 i.e. the "cleaning phase" of the fresh water which is to be treated in the deionization unit 50 lasts until the double layer is saturated and the voltage between the electrodes drops away mainly in the double layer and is no longer over the liquid-filled space.
  • a capacitive deionization unit 50 of the type considered herein normally includes several units or cells 50a, 50b which are similar in design to a super-capacitor or double layer capacitor.
  • the cells 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50 can be connected in parallel electrically, hydrodynamically they are arranged serially or in parallel, i.e. a quantity of fresh water liquid to be treated can be divided into different part quantities or part volumes which are processed in parallel or can flow through several cells 50a, 50b one after the other.
  • the control device 10 of the dishwasher 100, 200 according to the invention which is associated at least with the deionization unit 50, is designed to adjust the level of an electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit 50 and/or the polarity of an electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit 50 depending on the parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50. It is possible in this way, as necessary, to adapt the deionization effect of the deionization unit 50 to the real case.
  • the level of the electrical voltage which is supplied to the deionization unit 50 is increased preferably automatically according to the invention by means of the control device 10 in order to increase the degree of deionizing or
  • the deionization unit 50 Apart from this, fluctuations also occur in the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50. Such fluctuations are, in particular, dependent on the location of the dishwasher 100, 200; however, seasonal fluctuations in the quality of the fresh water also occur.
  • the deionization unit 50 being adjusted in a regulating manner according to the invention in dependence on the quality of the fresh water supplied ensures that the quality of the water ultimately used for washware treatment in the dishwasher 100, 200 always has a constantly high value.
  • the deionization unit 50 has at least one cell 50a, 50b which can be selectively operated in a deionization mode or in a regeneration mode.
  • control device 10 is designed to select and adjust the operating mode (deionization mode or regeneration mode) of the at least one cell of the deionization unit 50, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50.
  • the deionization unit 50 has a first cell 50a and at least one further second cell 50b which is connected in series or preferably in parallel with the first cell 50a, it is, in particular, advantageous when the control device 10 is designed to selectively select and adjust the operating mode of the first cell 50a and the operating mode of the at least one further, second cell 50b, depending on at the least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50.
  • phase-inverted operation is useful, in particular, when the cells 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50 are arranged parallel to one another hydrodynamically at least in groups.
  • the individual cells 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50 are controllable selectively by the control device 10, in particular as relates to the voltage supply to the respective cells 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50.
  • the selective actuation of the individual cells 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50 is preferably effected depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50.
  • the invention is not limited to the regulating adjustment of the cycle time, of the switchover frequency and/or of the electric voltage. Rather, the invention, according to a further aspect, also relates to a dishwasher 100, 200 which has a control device 10 which is designed to selectively adjust at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the first and/or the at least one further, second cell 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deionization unit 50 and/or depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50.
  • a dishwasher 100, 200 which has a control device 10 which is designed to selectively adjust at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the first and/or the at least one further, second cell 50a, 50b of the deionization unit 50, depending on the at least one parameter which characterizes the quality of the fresh water at the inlet of the deion
  • control device 10 which is associated with at least the deionization unit 50, is further designed to select and correspondingly adjust at least one parameter which characterizes the operation of the deionization unit 50 and, respectively, the operation of the at least one cell of the deionization unit 50 and/or an operating mode of the deionization unit 50 and, respectively, of at least one cell of the deionization unit 50, in particular also depending on a treatment program which is selected for the dishwasher 100, 200 or depending on a treatment phase of the dishwasher 100, 200 (occurring at that moment or intended to occur shortly).
  • the control device 10 which is associated with the at least one deionization unit 50, adjusts the deionization unit 50 in a preferred manner such that the quality of the demineralized water at the outlet 51 of the deionization unit 50 corresponds to the quality necessary for optimum glass cleaning or, respectively, glass washing.
  • Said quality of the demineralized water is, as a rule, greater in comparison with the quality of demineralized water which is to be used to clean, for example, plastic material trays.

Landscapes

  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un lave-vaisselle commercial pour de la vaisselle ou des ustensiles, qui se présente sous la forme d'un lave-vaisselle du type boîte (200) ou d'un lave-vaisselle à bande (100), le lave-vaisselle ayant au moins une unité de dés-ionisation capacitive et commandable (50), pourvue d'une entrée (71) d'eau douce et d'une sortie (51) d'eau déminéralisée et un dispositif de commande (10) qui est associé au moins à l'unité de dés-ionisation (50). Le dispositif de commande (10) est conçu pour régler automatiquement ou sélectivement, de préférence de manière régulée, au moins un paramètre qui caractérise le fonctionnement de l'unité de dés-ionisation (50), en fonction d'au moins un paramètre qui caractérise la qualité de l'eau douce au niveau de l'entrée (71) de l'unité de dés-ionisation (50) et/ou en fonction d'au moins un paramètre qui caractérise la qualité de l'eau déminéralisée au niveau de la sortie (51) de l'unité de dés-ionisation (50).
EP17723614.8A 2016-05-31 2017-05-04 Lave-vaisselle et son procédé de fonctionnement Pending EP3463028A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016109965.1A DE102016109965B4 (de) 2016-05-31 2016-05-31 Spülmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spülmaschine
PCT/US2017/030986 WO2017209889A1 (fr) 2016-05-31 2017-05-04 Lave-vaisselle et son procédé de fonctionnement

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EP3463028A1 true EP3463028A1 (fr) 2019-04-10

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WO (1) WO2017209889A1 (fr)

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CN108013845B (zh) * 2018-01-16 2020-06-26 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 洗碗机及其水量控制方法、装置
DE102021005739A1 (de) 2021-11-19 2022-01-20 Daimler Ag Lenkgetriebe mit elektrischer Lenkunterstützung

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IT1309792B1 (it) * 1999-04-22 2002-01-30 Eltek Spa Elettrodomestico utilizzante acqua, in particolare una macchinadi lavaggio, con dispositivo perfezionato per l'abbattimento
ITTO20010314A1 (it) 2001-04-02 2002-10-02 Eltek Spa Apparato elettrodomestico utilizzante un liquido, comprendente un sistema di purificazione del tipo in cui almeno una sostanza deve essere s
KR20070026508A (ko) * 2004-10-18 2007-03-08 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 분류가 감소된 세탁물의 세정 방법
DE102012212638C5 (de) * 2012-07-18 2020-07-30 Premark Feg L.L.C. Spülmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spülmaschine
US20150090648A1 (en) * 2013-10-02 2015-04-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Softening apparatus and washing machine including the same

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DE102016109965A1 (de) 2017-11-30

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