EP3458350B1 - Electric ship drive and method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship - Google Patents

Electric ship drive and method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3458350B1
EP3458350B1 EP17740006.6A EP17740006A EP3458350B1 EP 3458350 B1 EP3458350 B1 EP 3458350B1 EP 17740006 A EP17740006 A EP 17740006A EP 3458350 B1 EP3458350 B1 EP 3458350B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
drive
ship
drive shaft
pod
engine
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EP17740006.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3458350A1 (en
Inventor
Oscar Hellemann
Thorben Kriews
Jan Pellinghoff
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B81/00—Repairing or maintaining vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric ship drive which has a drive machine and a drive shaft, as well as a method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship.
  • Ship propulsion systems have a drive shaft, in particular a propeller shaft, and a drive machine.
  • the drive machine is, for example, a diesel and / or an electrical machine, such as a synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine. It may be necessary to turn the drive shaft for maintenance work, checks or monitoring on ship propulsion systems. In particular, this rotation is a slow rotation.
  • the propeller shaft i. E. the drive shaft
  • a round sling has so far been used.
  • One or a large number of round slings are placed around a propeller blade or a large number of individual propeller blades, which are then pulled with a crane or vehicles in the dock.
  • the drive shaft to which in particular the propeller is attached, can be rotated.
  • this procedure can have negative effects on bearings and sealing elements of the propeller shaft, for example, which are caused by the eccentric point of application of the force.
  • From the JP 2005 075283 A is known a device for removing a propeller attachment for a ship.
  • a motor provides the rotational force for the propeller support, which is inserted between the propellers, so that the hooks provided in the propeller support rods engage the propeller blades.
  • hydrostatic ship propeller drive From the GB 1571984 a hydrostatic ship propeller drive is known. This has two housings for motors, which are coupled to the propeller, which can rotate around a common axis.
  • the electric pod drive has at least one cavity arranged in the nacelle housing, which is designed such that water can penetrate through at least one housing opening into the at least one cavity for cooling purposes.
  • One object of the invention is to facilitate or improve the handling of a ship drive, in particular an electric ship drive.
  • the object is achieved in an electric ship propulsion system according to claim 1 or in a method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship in accordance with claim 7.
  • Embodiments arise from claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 11, respectively.
  • a ship drive in particular an electric ship drive, has a drive machine and a drive shaft. These are especially located in a gondola (POD).
  • the drive machine is, for example, a synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine and / or an internal combustion engine such as a diesel.
  • the drive shaft is driven either directly or indirectly by the drive machine or the drive machines or is mechanically coupled to it.
  • the mechanical coupling takes place, for example, via a flange, a shrink connection, a welded connection, a coupling and / or a gear.
  • the drive shaft that is to say the shaft that can be driven by the drive machine, is in particular also the propeller shaft on which the propeller of the ship is seated.
  • the drive shaft can be in a POD or in a rudder propeller.
  • the drive shaft can also be in the hull of a ship find, the drive shaft is attached to the stern in such a way that it can protrude into the water.
  • the drive shaft is mechanically coupled to an auxiliary machine.
  • the coupling can take place directly, for example via a pin, or indirectly, for example via a gear.
  • the auxiliary machine By using the auxiliary machine, the drive shaft, ie in particular the propeller shaft, and in particular a propeller attached to it, can be rotated. Positioning is also possible. This can be necessary, for example, when assembling, disassembling and / or repairing the propeller.
  • the auxiliary machine is located on the POD with the POD case open.
  • the POD housing is at least partially open during maintenance work in a dry dock, for example.
  • maintenance work is carried out on the drive machine, which is located in the POD.
  • the auxiliary machine is attached to the housing of the POD, the POD housing has a housing opening and the auxiliary machine is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft through the housing opening.
  • a chain drive or a belt drive is provided for mechanically coupling the auxiliary machine to the drive shaft.
  • the chain drive or the belt drive enables simple and / or quick assembly and disassembly of the auxiliary machine.
  • a removable auxiliary machine is particularly advantageous for POD drives, since it does not have to be present when the POD is in operation and can be installed in the dock, for example.
  • the auxiliary machine with the chain or belt drive represents a turning device, also a turning device, for the drive shaft.
  • auxiliary drives there is not just one but a multiplicity of auxiliary drives, that is to say for example two or three auxiliary drives, which are provided for performing a rotary movement of the drive shaft.
  • the auxiliary drives are in particular not intended to generate propulsion for the ship.
  • the auxiliary drives are used, for example, in the event of repairs, assembly work, dismantling work and / or testing work.
  • the auxiliary drive or drives can also be referred to as a rotary drive, since they can be used to rotate the drive shaft, the propeller shaft, the propeller and / or also a rotor of an electric drive machine.
  • the auxiliary drive or the auxiliary drives are not positioned in a motor pod but at least partially outside.
  • the nacelle can be made compact when the ship is in operation.
  • the auxiliary machine is an electric machine, a hydraulic machine, a pneumatic machine or an internal combustion engine.
  • An electrical machine is compact and can easily be operated via an external power supply or internal power supply (the ship's electrical network). With hydraulic or pneumatic auxiliary drives, the handling of electrical current in the area of water can be avoided.
  • An internal combustion engine can be used independently, without connections for e.g. Having to provide electricity or compressed air.
  • the drive machine in particular a permanently excited synchronous machine, has latching positions.
  • the locking positions are due to magnetism.
  • the auxiliary machine has a controller for controlling or regulating the auxiliary machine.
  • the control is for example Integrated in a power converter to feed the electrical auxiliary machine (eg an asynchronous machine or a synchronous machine).
  • the drive shaft can be positioned with the aid of the controller and a position transmitter on the auxiliary machine and / or on the drive machine and / or on the drive shaft.
  • the drive machine can be positioned outside of a locking position.
  • the drive shaft and / or the propeller and / or the drive machine can be rotated slowly and / or held in a defined position.
  • the propeller shaft of POD drives can now be fixed in a targeted manner with a permanently excited (PEM) motor with any desired angle of rotation and also outside the detent positions.
  • PEM permanently excited
  • a suitable receptacle on the propeller shaft For the connection of the auxiliary machine, for example, there is a suitable receptacle on the propeller shaft.
  • This receptacle which can be designed as a chain sprocket or belt pulley, can be located on POD drives with two propellers (twin propellers) on one, the other or on both sides of the propeller shaft.
  • the connection of the auxiliary machine can also be located on the drive end (drive side / propeller side), as well as on the non-drive end (operator side / free propeller shaft end) or on both propeller shaft sides.
  • the ship drive in particular the electric ship drive, it has a brake for braking the drive shaft.
  • the brake can be used to reduce a speed or as a parking brake.
  • one or more propeller shaft brakes of the POD drive can be set, or the external turn drive, i.e. the auxiliary machine, can be used.
  • the auxiliary machine can be switched off when the brake is active.
  • the auxiliary machine can also be used as a brake itself. With a speed setpoint of 0, the auxiliary machine can also serve as a parking brake.
  • the brake, or a braking device makes it possible to hold occurring moments at any desired position.
  • the ship propulsion system in particular the electric ship propulsion system, there is an external power supply connection for the auxiliary machine.
  • the auxiliary machine is a motor that is fed, for example, from the power grid in a shipyard or port. So you don't need to connect the engine to the ship's electrical system.
  • the ship's own power supply may not be in operation or not in operation sufficiently. Due to the external power supply, which is not fed by the ship's island grid, the propeller shaft can be turned (turned) using external auxiliary equipment.
  • the drive shaft and / or the propeller of a ship can be rotated by means of an auxiliary machine.
  • the drive shaft is located, for example, in a ship's hull or in a POD.
  • the rotation is rotated by means of the auxiliary machine when the ship is stationary.
  • the auxiliary machine is located on the POD with an open POD housing, the auxiliary machine being attached to a housing of the POD, the POD housing having a housing opening and the auxiliary machine being mechanically coupled to the drive shaft through the housing opening.
  • the rotation is not used to move the ship, but to move or position the shaft or the propeller mechanically coupled to the shaft.
  • the auxiliary machine is, for example, an electrical machine which enables the drive shaft to be positioned at an exact angle by means of a control system and a rotary encoder.
  • the ship can be in the water or outside, as is the case, for example, in a dry dock. Positioning is helpful, for example, for maintenance work on the propeller, on the bearings, on the drive machine.
  • the drive shaft or a drive machine is prevented from rotating by means of a brake.
  • the brake may be required to prevent rotary movement when working on the drive shaft or the propeller.
  • the method described can be used in different ways in ship propulsion systems.
  • FIG 1 shows an electric ship drive 1 with a drive machine 3 in a POD 13, the drive machine 3 being mechanically coupled to a propeller 19 via a drive shaft 5.
  • the drive machine 3 has a stator 21 and a rotor 22, the rotor 22 being coupled to the drive shaft 5 in a mechanically rigid manner.
  • the drive shaft 5 has two sides, which are referred to as the operator-side drive shaft 6 and the drive-side drive shaft 7.
  • the drive shaft is supported via a drive-side bearing 17 and an operator-side bearing 18.
  • the drive shaft 5 can be rotated via an auxiliary machine 8.
  • the auxiliary machine 8 is attached to a housing 14 of the POD 13.
  • the auxiliary machine 8 can be mechanically coupled to the drive shaft 5 through this opening 15.
  • the coupling takes place, for example, via a transmission.
  • a belt drive 10 or, alternatively, a chain drive 9 can be provided for this purpose.
  • the transmission has a first diameter 11 of a transmission disk or a chain sprocket on a primary transmission side and a second diameter 12 of a transmission disk or a chain sprocket on a secondary transmission side.
  • a transmission can thereby be formed. With different diameters it is possible to develop a transmission ratio.
  • the transmission ratio can be adapted to the performance of the auxiliary machine 8 in relation to the inertia of the drive shaft 5.
  • an additional transmission can also be provided, which is in the Figure 1 however, is not shown.
  • the transmission forms a coupling between the auxiliary machine 8 and the drive shaft 5.
  • a controller 20 is provided for controlling and / or regulating the auxiliary machine 8.
  • the controller 20 has, for example, a speed control, a position control and / or a torque control. With the position control, for example, a mechanical brake 25 can be replaced with which the position of the drive shaft 5 can be maintained.
  • An energy supply connection 26 is used to supply the auxiliary machine 8 and / or the controller 20 with electrical energy.
  • This electrical energy can be generated, for example, in the ship belonging to the ship propulsion system, or it can be taken from an electrical supply network in the port or dock. If the electrical energy comes from the ship, you are independent of a shore connection, i.e. independent of an electrical network in a port or a dock. If the electrical energy for the auxiliary machine 8 comes from external sources, that is to say from a network or from an external generator unit with an internal combustion engine, one is independent of the operating state of the ship. This can be advantageous, for example, when the generation of electrical energy on the ship is shut down for maintenance work.
  • FIG 2 shows similar to in FIG 1 an electric ship propulsion system 2, with a drive machine 4, which like the drive machine 3 according to FIG 1 is constructed.
  • the drive machine 4 is located in the POD 13, which is rotatably attached to a ship's hull 23 via the shaft 29.
  • the shaft 29 is hollow and can accommodate electrical supply lines, for example.
  • FIG 1 is after FIG 2 the housing opening 15 positioned laterally. This makes handling easier when the distance to the ground is short in a dry dock.
  • the auxiliary machine is after FIG 2 not shown, but the pulley or chain sprocket 16 is visible.
  • FIG 3 shows a ship 24 in a dry dock 27.
  • the auxiliary machine 8 can be supplied with electrical energy via an external energy supply 28. So you are independent of the operating status of the power generators in ship 27.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Schiffsantrieb, welcher eine Antriebsmaschine und eine Antriebswelle aufweist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Drehen einer Antriebswelle eines Schiffes.The invention relates to an electric ship drive which has a drive machine and a drive shaft, as well as a method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship.

Schiffsantriebsanlagen weisen eine Antriebswelle, insbesondere eine Propellerwelle und eine Antriebsmaschine auf. Die Antriebsmaschine ist beispielsweise ein Diesel und/oder eine elektrische Maschine, wie eine Synchronmaschine oder eine Asynchronmaschine. Für Wartungsarbeiten, Kontrollen oder Überwachungen an Schiffsantriebsanlagen kann es erforderlich sein, die Antriebswelle zu drehen. Diese Drehung ist insbesondere eine langsame Drehung.Ship propulsion systems have a drive shaft, in particular a propeller shaft, and a drive machine. The drive machine is, for example, a diesel and / or an electrical machine, such as a synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine. It may be necessary to turn the drive shaft for maintenance work, checks or monitoring on ship propulsion systems. In particular, this rotation is a slow rotation.

In einem Trockendock wird zum Drehen der Propellerwelle, d.h. der Antriebswelle, ohne die Antriebsmaschine selbst zu nutzen bislang eine Rundschlinge verwendet. Eine oder eine Vielzahl von Rundschlingen werden um einen Propellerflügel oder eine Vielzahl einzelner Propellerflügel gelegt, an welchen dann mit einem Kran oder mit Fahrzeugen im Dock gezogen wird. So kann die Antriebswelle, an welcher insbesondere der Propeller befestigt ist, gedreht werden. Diese Vorgehensweise kann allerdings negative Auswirkungen auf beispielsweise Lagerungen und Dichtungselemente der Propellerwelle haben, welche durch den außermittigen Angriffspunkt der Kraft hervorgerufen werden.In a dry dock, the propeller shaft, i. E. the drive shaft, without using the drive machine itself, a round sling has so far been used. One or a large number of round slings are placed around a propeller blade or a large number of individual propeller blades, which are then pulled with a crane or vehicles in the dock. In this way, the drive shaft, to which in particular the propeller is attached, can be rotated. However, this procedure can have negative effects on bearings and sealing elements of the propeller shaft, for example, which are caused by the eccentric point of application of the force.

Aus der JP 2005 075283 A ist eine Vorrichtung zum Entfernen einer Propellerbefestigung für ein Schiff bekannt. Ein Motor stellt die Rotationskraft für die Propellerstütze bereit, die zwischen den Propellern eingesetzt wird, so dass die in den Stäben der Propellerstütze vorgesehenen Haken mit den Propellerblättern in Eingriff stehen.From the JP 2005 075283 A is known a device for removing a propeller attachment for a ship. A motor provides the rotational force for the propeller support, which is inserted between the propellers, so that the hooks provided in the propeller support rods engage the propeller blades.

Aus der GB 1571984 ist ein hydrostatischer Schiffspropellerantrieb bekannt. Dieser hat zwei Gehäuse für Motoren, die mit dem um eine gemeinsame Achse drehbaren Propeller gekoppelt sind.From the GB 1571984 a hydrostatic ship propeller drive is known. This has two housings for motors, which are coupled to the propeller, which can rotate around a common axis.

Aus der EP 3 020 625 A1 ist ein elektrischer Gondelantrieb für ein Schiff bekannt. Um eine alternative Kühlung für einen elektrischen Gondelantrieb bereitzustellen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass der elektrische Gondelantrieb zumindest einen im Gondelgehäuse angeordneten Hohlraum aufweist, welcher derart ausgestaltet ist, dass durch zumindest eine Gehäuseöffnung Wasser in den zumindest einen Hohlraum zu Kühlzwecken eindringen kann.From the EP 3 020 625 A1 an electric nacelle drive for a ship is known. In order to provide an alternative cooling for an electric pod drive, it is proposed that the electric pod drive has at least one cavity arranged in the nacelle housing, which is designed such that water can penetrate through at least one housing opening into the at least one cavity for cooling purposes.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es den Umgang mit einem Schiffsantrieb, insbesondere einem elektrischen Schiffsantrieb, zu erleichtern bzw. zu verbessern. Eine Lösung der Aufgabe gelingt bei einem elektrischen Schiffsantrieb nach Anspruch 1 bzw. bei einem Verfahren zum Drehen einer Antriebswelle eines Schiffes nach Anspruch 7. Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich nach den Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 bzw. 8 bis 11.One object of the invention is to facilitate or improve the handling of a ship drive, in particular an electric ship drive. The object is achieved in an electric ship propulsion system according to claim 1 or in a method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship in accordance with claim 7. Embodiments arise from claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 11, respectively.

Ein Schiffsantrieb, insbesondere ein elektrischer Schiffsantrieb, weist eine Antriebsmaschine und eine Antriebswelle auf. Diese befinden sich insbesondere in einer Gondel (POD). Die Antriebsmaschine ist beispielsweise eine Synchronmaschine, eine Asynchronmaschine und oder eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, wie ein Diesel. Die Antriebswelle wird von der Antriebsmaschine oder den Antriebsmaschinen entweder direkt oder indirekt angetrieben bzw. ist damit mechanisch gekoppelt. Die mechanische Kopplung erfolgt beispielsweise über einen Flansch, eine Schrumpfverbindung, eine Schweißverbindung, eine Kupplung und/oder ein Getriebe. Die Antriebswelle, also die Welle, welche von der Antriebsmaschine antreibbar ist, ist insbesondere auch die Propellerwelle, auf welcher der Propeller des Schiffes sitzt. Die Antriebswelle kann sich in einem POD oder in einem Ruderpropeller befinden. Die Antriebswelle kann sich auch in einem Rumpf eines Schiffes be finden, wobei die Antriebswelle heckseitig derart angebracht ist, dass diese in das Wasser ragen kann. Die Antriebswelle ist mit einer Hilfsmaschine mechanisch gekoppelt. Die Kopplung kann direkt z.B. über einen Zapfen oder indirekt z.B. über ein Getriebe erfolgen. Durch die Verwendung der Hilfsmaschine kann die Antriebswelle, also insbesondere die Propellerwelle, wie auch insbesondere ein daran befestigter Propeller gedreht werden. Auch eine Positionierung ist möglich. Diese kann beispielsweise bei einer Montage, Demontage und/oder Reparatur des Propellers notwendig sein. Die Hilfsmaschine befindet sich an dem POD mit einem geöffneten POD-Gehäuse. Das POD-Gehäuse ist beispielsweise bei Wartungsarbeiten in einem Trockendock zumindest teilweise geöffnet. Dabei werden z.B. Wartungsarbeiten an der Antriebsmaschine durchgeführt, welche sich im POD befindet. Die Hilfsmaschine ist an dem Gehäuse des PODs befestigt, das POD-Gehäuse weist eine Gehäuseöffnung auf und durch die Gehäuseöffnung ist die Hilfsmaschine mechanisch mit der Antriebswelle gekoppelt.A ship drive, in particular an electric ship drive, has a drive machine and a drive shaft. These are especially located in a gondola (POD). The drive machine is, for example, a synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine and / or an internal combustion engine such as a diesel. The drive shaft is driven either directly or indirectly by the drive machine or the drive machines or is mechanically coupled to it. The mechanical coupling takes place, for example, via a flange, a shrink connection, a welded connection, a coupling and / or a gear. The drive shaft, that is to say the shaft that can be driven by the drive machine, is in particular also the propeller shaft on which the propeller of the ship is seated. The drive shaft can be in a POD or in a rudder propeller. The drive shaft can also be in the hull of a ship find, the drive shaft is attached to the stern in such a way that it can protrude into the water. The drive shaft is mechanically coupled to an auxiliary machine. The coupling can take place directly, for example via a pin, or indirectly, for example via a gear. By using the auxiliary machine, the drive shaft, ie in particular the propeller shaft, and in particular a propeller attached to it, can be rotated. Positioning is also possible. This can be necessary, for example, when assembling, disassembling and / or repairing the propeller. The auxiliary machine is located on the POD with the POD case open. The POD housing is at least partially open during maintenance work in a dry dock, for example. For example, maintenance work is carried out on the drive machine, which is located in the POD. The auxiliary machine is attached to the housing of the POD, the POD housing has a housing opening and the auxiliary machine is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft through the housing opening.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, ist zur mechanischen Kopplung der Hilfsmaschine mit der Antriebswelle ein Kettenantrieb oder ein Riemenantrieb vorgesehen. Durch den Kettenantrieb bzw. den Riemenantrieb ist eine einfache und/oder schnelle Montage bzw. Demontage der Hilfsmaschine möglich. Insbesondere für POD-Antriebe ist eine demontierbare Hilfsmaschine von Vorteil, da diese im Betriebszustand des POD nicht vorhandensein muss und z.B. im Dock montiert werden kann. Die Hilfsmaschine mit dem Ketten- oder Riementrieb stellt eine Drehvorrichtung, auch Turnvorrichtung, für die Antriebswelle dar. Die Übertragung der für die Drehbewegung notwendigen Momente von dem/den Drehantrieb(en), also der/den Hilfsmaschine(n) erfolgt also insbesondere mittels eines Ketten- oder Riementriebes, wobei dieser Ketten- oder Riementrieb direkt wirkt oder über ein Getriebe auf die Propellerwelle des POD-Antriebs.In one embodiment of the ship drive, in particular the electric ship drive, a chain drive or a belt drive is provided for mechanically coupling the auxiliary machine to the drive shaft. The chain drive or the belt drive enables simple and / or quick assembly and disassembly of the auxiliary machine. A removable auxiliary machine is particularly advantageous for POD drives, since it does not have to be present when the POD is in operation and can be installed in the dock, for example. The auxiliary machine with the chain or belt drive represents a turning device, also a turning device, for the drive shaft. The transmission of the torques necessary for the rotary movement from the rotary drive (s), ie the auxiliary machine (s), takes place in particular by means of a Chain or belt drive, this chain or belt drive acting directly or via a gear on the propeller shaft of the POD drive.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung gibt es nicht nur einen sondern eine Vielzahl von Hilfsantrieben, also beispielsweise zwei oder drei Hilfsantriebe, die zur Durchführung einer Drehbewegung der Antriebswelle vorgesehen sind. Die Hilfsantriebe sind dabei insbesondere nicht dafür vorgesehen einen Vortrieb für das Schiff zu erzeugen. Die Hilfsantriebe werden beispielsweise im Reparaturfall, bei Montagearbeiten, bei Demontagearbeiten und/oder bei Prüfarbeiten eingesetzt. Der oder die Hilfsantriebe können auch als Drehantrieb bezeichnet werden, da diese zur Drehung der Antriebswelle, der Propellerwelle, des Propellers und/oder auch eines Rotors einer elektrischen Antriebsmaschine verwendet werden können.In one embodiment of the invention there is not just one but a multiplicity of auxiliary drives, that is to say for example two or three auxiliary drives, which are provided for performing a rotary movement of the drive shaft. The auxiliary drives are in particular not intended to generate propulsion for the ship. The auxiliary drives are used, for example, in the event of repairs, assembly work, dismantling work and / or testing work. The auxiliary drive or drives can also be referred to as a rotary drive, since they can be used to rotate the drive shaft, the propeller shaft, the propeller and / or also a rotor of an electric drive machine.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, ist der Hilfsantrieb bzw. sind die Hilfsantriebe nicht in einer Motorgondel positioniert sondern zumindest teilweise außerhalb. Dadurch lässt sich im Betrieb des Schiffes die Gondel kompakt ausführen.In one embodiment of the ship drive, in particular the electric ship drive, the auxiliary drive or the auxiliary drives are not positioned in a motor pod but at least partially outside. As a result, the nacelle can be made compact when the ship is in operation.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, ist die Hilfsmaschine eine elektrische Maschine, eine hydraulische Maschine, eine pneumatische Maschine oder eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Eine elektrische Maschine ist kompakt und kann einfach über eine externe Stromversorgung oder interne Stromversorgung (das elektrische Schiffsnetz) betrieben werden. Mit hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Hilfsantrieben lässt sich der Umgang mit elektrischem Strom im Bereich von Wasser vermeiden. Mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine kann autark gearbeitet werden, ohne Anschlüsse für z.B. Strom oder Druckluft bereitstellen zu müssen.In one embodiment of the ship propulsion system, in particular the electric ship propulsion system, the auxiliary machine is an electric machine, a hydraulic machine, a pneumatic machine or an internal combustion engine. An electrical machine is compact and can easily be operated via an external power supply or internal power supply (the ship's electrical network). With hydraulic or pneumatic auxiliary drives, the handling of electrical current in the area of water can be avoided. An internal combustion engine can be used independently, without connections for e.g. Having to provide electricity or compressed air.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, weist die Antriebsmaschine, insbesondere eine permanenterregte Synchronmaschine, Raststellungen auf. Die Raststellungen rühren vom Magnetismus her. Die Hilfsmaschine weist eine Steuerung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Hilfsmaschine auf. Die Steuerung ist beispielsweise in einem Stromrichter zur Speisung der elektrischen Hilfsmaschine (z.B. eine Asynchronmaschine oder eine Synchronmaschine) integriert. Mit Hilfe der Steuerung und einem Positionsgeber an der Hilfsmaschine und/oder an der Antriebsmaschine und/oder an der Antriebswelle kann eine Positionierung der Antriebswelle erfolgen. So kann beispielsweise die Antriebsmaschine außerhalb einer Raststellung positioniert werden. Mit Hilfe der Hilfsmaschine kann die Antriebswelle und/oder der Propeller und/oder die Antriebsmaschine langsam gedreht werden und/oder an einer definierten Position gehalten werden. So kann nunmehr beispielsweise eine gezielte Festsetzung der Propellerwelle von POD-Antrieben mit einem permanent erregten (PEM-)Motor mit beliebigem Drehwinkel und auch außerhalb der Raststellungen erreicht werden.In one embodiment of the ship propulsion system, in particular the electric ship propulsion system, the drive machine, in particular a permanently excited synchronous machine, has latching positions. The locking positions are due to magnetism. The auxiliary machine has a controller for controlling or regulating the auxiliary machine. The control is for example Integrated in a power converter to feed the electrical auxiliary machine (eg an asynchronous machine or a synchronous machine). The drive shaft can be positioned with the aid of the controller and a position transmitter on the auxiliary machine and / or on the drive machine and / or on the drive shaft. For example, the drive machine can be positioned outside of a locking position. With the aid of the auxiliary machine, the drive shaft and / or the propeller and / or the drive machine can be rotated slowly and / or held in a defined position. For example, the propeller shaft of POD drives can now be fixed in a targeted manner with a permanently excited (PEM) motor with any desired angle of rotation and also outside the detent positions.

Für den Anschluss der Hilfsmaschine ist beispielsweise eine geeignete Aufnahme an der Propellerwelle vorhanden. Diese Aufnahme, welche als Kettennuss oder Riemenscheibe ausgeprägt sein kann, kann bei POD-Antrieben mit zwei Propellern (Twin-Propeller) an der einen, der anderen oder an beiden Propellerwellenseiten gelegen sein. Bei POD-Antrieben mit nur einem Propeller (Mono-Propeller) kann der Anschluss der Hilfsmaschine ebenso sowohl am drive end (antriebsseitig / propellerseitig), als auch am non-drive end (bedienseitig / freies Propellerwellenende) oder an beiden Propellerwellenseiten gelegen sein.For the connection of the auxiliary machine, for example, there is a suitable receptacle on the propeller shaft. This receptacle, which can be designed as a chain sprocket or belt pulley, can be located on POD drives with two propellers (twin propellers) on one, the other or on both sides of the propeller shaft. In the case of POD drives with only one propeller (mono propeller), the connection of the auxiliary machine can also be located on the drive end (drive side / propeller side), as well as on the non-drive end (operator side / free propeller shaft end) or on both propeller shaft sides.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, weist dieser eine Bremse zum Bremsen der Antriebswelle auf. Die Bremse kann dabei zur Reduzierung einer Drehzahl oder als Feststellbremse verwendet werden. Zum Festsetzen der Antriebswelle an einer definierten Position können eine oder mehrere Propellerwellenbremsen des POD-Antriebs gesetzt werden, oder aber der externe Turnantrieb, also die Hilfsmaschine, verwendet werden. Die Hilfsmaschine kann bei aktiver Bremse ausgeschaltet werden. Die Hilfsmaschine kann aber auch selbst als Bremse verwendet werden. Bei einem Drehzahlsollwert von 0 kann die Hilfsmaschine auch als Feststellbremse dienen. Die Bremse, bzw. eine Bremseinrichtung, erlaubt es, auftretenden Momente an jeder gewünschten Position zu halten.In one embodiment of the ship drive, in particular the electric ship drive, it has a brake for braking the drive shaft. The brake can be used to reduce a speed or as a parking brake. To fix the drive shaft in a defined position, one or more propeller shaft brakes of the POD drive can be set, or the external turn drive, i.e. the auxiliary machine, can be used. The auxiliary machine can be switched off when the brake is active. The auxiliary machine can also be used as a brake itself. With a speed setpoint of 0, the auxiliary machine can also serve as a parking brake. The brake, or a braking device, makes it possible to hold occurring moments at any desired position.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Schiffsantriebes, insbesondere des elektrischen Schiffsantriebes, gibt es einen externen Energieversorgungsanschluss für die Hilfsmaschine. Die Hilfsmaschine ist ein Motor, welcher beispielsweise über das Stromnetz in einer Werft oder einem Hafen gespeist wird. So braucht man den Motor nicht mit dem Bordnetz des Schiffes zu verbinden. Während der Dockliegezeiten ist die schiffseigene Stromversorgung unter Umständen nicht oder nicht ausreichend in Betrieb. Durch die externe Stromversorgung, welche also nicht vom Inselnetz des Schiffes gespeist wird, kann die Propellerwelle mittels externer Hilfseinrichtungen geturnt (gedreht) werden.In one embodiment of the ship propulsion system, in particular the electric ship propulsion system, there is an external power supply connection for the auxiliary machine. The auxiliary machine is a motor that is fed, for example, from the power grid in a shipyard or port. So you don't need to connect the engine to the ship's electrical system. During the docking times, the ship's own power supply may not be in operation or not in operation sufficiently. Due to the external power supply, which is not fed by the ship's island grid, the propeller shaft can be turned (turned) using external auxiliary equipment.

Gemäß einem Verfahren kann die Antriebswelle und oder der Propeller eines Schiffes mittels einer Hilfsmaschine gedreht werden. Die Antriebswelle befindet sich beispielsweise in einem Schiffsrumpf oder in einem POD. Die Drehung wird bei Stillstand des Schiffes mittels der Hilfsmaschine gedreht. Dabei befindet sich die Hilfsmaschine an dem POD mit einem geöffneten POD-Gehäuse, wobei die Hilfsmaschine an einem Gehäuse des PODs befestigt wird, wobei das POD-Gehäuse eine Gehäuseöffnung aufweist und durch die Gehäuseöffnung die Hilfsmaschine mechanisch mit der Antriebswelle gekoppelt wird. Die Drehung dient dabei nicht der Bewegung des Schiffes, sondern der Bewegung bzw. Positionierung der Welle oder des mit der Welle mechanisch gekoppelten Propellers. Die Hilfsmaschine ist beispielsweise eine elektrische Maschine, welche mittels einer Regelung und eines Drehgebers eine Positionierung der Antriebswelle winkelgenau ermöglicht. Das Schiff kann sich dabei im Wasser befinden oder auch außerhalb, wie dies beispielsweise in einem Trockendock der Fall ist. Eine Positionierung ist beispielweise bei Wartungsarbeiten am Propeller, an den Lagern, an der Antriebsmaschine hilfreich.According to one method, the drive shaft and / or the propeller of a ship can be rotated by means of an auxiliary machine. The drive shaft is located, for example, in a ship's hull or in a POD. The rotation is rotated by means of the auxiliary machine when the ship is stationary. The auxiliary machine is located on the POD with an open POD housing, the auxiliary machine being attached to a housing of the POD, the POD housing having a housing opening and the auxiliary machine being mechanically coupled to the drive shaft through the housing opening. The rotation is not used to move the ship, but to move or position the shaft or the propeller mechanically coupled to the shaft. The auxiliary machine is, for example, an electrical machine which enables the drive shaft to be positioned at an exact angle by means of a control system and a rotary encoder. The ship can be in the water or outside, as is the case, for example, in a dry dock. Positioning is helpful, for example, for maintenance work on the propeller, on the bearings, on the drive machine.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird die Antriebswelle oder eine Antriebsmaschine mittels einer Bremse an einer Drehbewegung gehindert. Die Bremse wird ggf. benötigt, damit bei Arbeiten an der Antriebswelle oder am Propeller eine Drehbewegung verhindert werden kann.In one embodiment of the method, the drive shaft or a drive machine is prevented from rotating by means of a brake. The brake may be required to prevent rotary movement when working on the drive shaft or the propeller.

Das beschriebene Verfahren kann bei Schiffsantrieben in unterschiedlicher Weise verwendet werden.The method described can be used in different ways in ship propulsion systems.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand von Ausführungsformen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • FIG 1 einen POD mit Hilfsmaschine;
  • FIG 2 den POD am Rumpf eines Schiffes und
  • FIG 3 das Schiff in einem Trockendock.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • FIG 1 a POD with auxiliary machine;
  • FIG 2 the POD on the hull of a ship and
  • FIG 3 the ship in a dry dock.

Die Darstellung nach FIG 1 zeigt einen elektrischen Schiffsantrieb 1 mit einer Antriebsmaschine 3 in einem POD 13, wobei die Antriebsmaschine 3 über eine Antriebswelle 5 mit einem Propeller 19 mechanisch gekoppelt ist. Die Antriebsmaschine 3 weist einen Stator 21 und einen Rotor 22 auf, wobei der Rotor 22 mit der Antriebswelle 5 mechanisch steif gekoppelt ist. Die Antriebswelle 5 weist zwei Seiten auf, welche als bedienseitige Antriebswelle 6 und als antriebsseitige Antriebswelle 7 bezeichnet sind. Die Antriebswelle ist über ein antriebsseitiges Lager 17 und ein bedienseitiges Lager 18 gestützt. Über eine Hilfsmaschine 8 kann die Antriebswelle 5 gedreht werden. Die Hilfsmaschine 8 ist an einem Gehäuse 14 des PODs 13 befestigt. Das POD-Gehäuse 14, welches an ein einem SchaftThe representation after FIG 1 shows an electric ship drive 1 with a drive machine 3 in a POD 13, the drive machine 3 being mechanically coupled to a propeller 19 via a drive shaft 5. The drive machine 3 has a stator 21 and a rotor 22, the rotor 22 being coupled to the drive shaft 5 in a mechanically rigid manner. The drive shaft 5 has two sides, which are referred to as the operator-side drive shaft 6 and the drive-side drive shaft 7. The drive shaft is supported via a drive-side bearing 17 and an operator-side bearing 18. The drive shaft 5 can be rotated via an auxiliary machine 8. The auxiliary machine 8 is attached to a housing 14 of the POD 13. The POD housing 14, which is attached to a shaft

29 befestigt ist, weist eine Gehäuseöffnung 15 auf. Durch diese Öffnung 15 ist die Hilfsmaschine 8 mechanisch mit der Antriebswelle 5 koppelbar. Die Kopplung erfolgt beispielsweise über eine Transmission. Hierfür kann ein Riemenantrieb 10 oder alternativ ein Kettenantrieb 9 vorgesehen sein. Die Transmission weist einen ersten Durchmesser 11 einer Transmissionsscheibe bzw. einer Kettennuss auf einer primären Transmissionsseite und einen zweiten Durchmesser 12 einer Transmissionsscheibe bzw. einer Kettennuss auf einer sekundären Transmissionsseite auf. Dadurch kann ein Getriebe gebildet werden. Durch unterschiedliche Durchmesser ist es möglich ein Übersetzungsverhältnis auszubilden. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis kann an die Leistung der Hilfsmaschine 8 in Bezug auf die Trägheit der Antriebswelle 5 angepasst werden. Neben dem Kettenantrieb bzw. dem Riemenantrieb kann auch noch ein zusätzliches Getriebe vorgesehen sein, welches in der Figur 1 jedoch nicht dargestellt ist. Durch dieses zusätzliche Getriebe kann die Übersetzung, welche sich bei einer Transmission durch den Kettenantrieb bzw. den Riemenantrieb durch unterschiedliche Durchmesser insbesondere der Transmissionsscheiben ergibt zusätzlich beeinflusst werden. Die Transmission bildet eine Kupplung zwischen der Hilfsmaschine 8 und der Antriebswelle 5. Zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Hilfsmaschine 8 ist eine Steuerung 20 vorgesehen. Die Steuerung 20 weist beispielsweise eine Drehzahlregelung, eine Positionsregelung und/oder eine Momentenregelung auf. Mit der Positionsregelung kann beispielsweise eine mechanische Bremse 25 ersetzt werden, mit der die Position der Antriebswelle 5 gehalten werden kann. Ein Energieversorgungsanschluss 26 dient der Versorgung der Hilfsmaschine 8 und/oder der Steuerung 20 mit elektrischer Energie. Diese elektrische Energie kann beispielsweise im zum Schiffsantrieb zugehörigen Schiff generiert werden oder aus einem elektrischen Versorgungsnetz im Hafen bzw. Dock entnommen werden. Kommt die elektrische Energie vom Schiff, so ist man unabhängig von einem Landanschluss, also unabhängig von einem elektrischen Netz in einem Hafen oder einem Dock. Kommt die elektrische Energie für die Hilfsmaschine 8 von extern, also aus einem Netz oder von einer externen Generatoreinheit mit Verbrennungskraftmaschine, so ist man unabhängig vom Betriebszustand des Schiffes. Dies kann beispielsweise dann von Vorteil sein, wenn für Wartungsarbeiten die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie auf dem Schiff stillgesetzt ist.29 is attached, has a housing opening 15. The auxiliary machine 8 can be mechanically coupled to the drive shaft 5 through this opening 15. The coupling takes place, for example, via a transmission. A belt drive 10 or, alternatively, a chain drive 9 can be provided for this purpose. The transmission has a first diameter 11 of a transmission disk or a chain sprocket on a primary transmission side and a second diameter 12 of a transmission disk or a chain sprocket on a secondary transmission side. A transmission can thereby be formed. With different diameters it is possible to develop a transmission ratio. The transmission ratio can be adapted to the performance of the auxiliary machine 8 in relation to the inertia of the drive shaft 5. In addition to the chain drive or the belt drive, an additional transmission can also be provided, which is in the Figure 1 however, is not shown. Through this additional gear, the translation, which results in a transmission through the chain drive or the belt drive through different diameters, in particular of the transmission pulleys, can also be influenced. The transmission forms a coupling between the auxiliary machine 8 and the drive shaft 5. A controller 20 is provided for controlling and / or regulating the auxiliary machine 8. The controller 20 has, for example, a speed control, a position control and / or a torque control. With the position control, for example, a mechanical brake 25 can be replaced with which the position of the drive shaft 5 can be maintained. An energy supply connection 26 is used to supply the auxiliary machine 8 and / or the controller 20 with electrical energy. This electrical energy can be generated, for example, in the ship belonging to the ship propulsion system, or it can be taken from an electrical supply network in the port or dock. If the electrical energy comes from the ship, you are independent of a shore connection, i.e. independent of an electrical network in a port or a dock. If the electrical energy for the auxiliary machine 8 comes from external sources, that is to say from a network or from an external generator unit with an internal combustion engine, one is independent of the operating state of the ship. This can be advantageous, for example, when the generation of electrical energy on the ship is shut down for maintenance work.

Die Darstellung nach FIG 2 zeigt ähnlich wie in FIG 1 einen elektrischen Schiffsantrieb 2, mit einer Antriebsmaschine 4, welche wie die Antriebsmaschine 3 nach FIG 1 aufgebaut ist. Die Antriebsmaschine 4 befindet sich im POD 13, welcher über den Schaft 29 an einem Schiffsrumpf 23 drehbar angebracht ist. Der Schaft 29 ist hohl ausgebildet und kann beispielsweise elektrische Versorgungsleitungen aufnehmen. Im Vergleich zu FIG 1 ist nach FIG 2 die Gehäuseöffnung 15 seitlich positioniert. Dies erleichtert den Umgang, wenn in einem Trockendock der Abstand zum Boden gering ist. Die Hilfsmaschine ist nach FIG 2 nicht abgebildet, doch ist die Riemenscheibe bzw. Kettennuss 16 sichtbar.The representation after FIG 2 shows similar to in FIG 1 an electric ship propulsion system 2, with a drive machine 4, which like the drive machine 3 according to FIG 1 is constructed. The drive machine 4 is located in the POD 13, which is rotatably attached to a ship's hull 23 via the shaft 29. The shaft 29 is hollow and can accommodate electrical supply lines, for example. Compared to FIG 1 is after FIG 2 the housing opening 15 positioned laterally. This makes handling easier when the distance to the ground is short in a dry dock. The auxiliary machine is after FIG 2 not shown, but the pulley or chain sprocket 16 is visible.

Die Darstellung nach FIG 3 zeigt ein Schiff 24 in einem Trockendock 27. Die Hilfsmaschine 8 kann über eine externe Energieversorgung 28 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden. So ist man unabhängig vom Betriebszustand der Stromgeneratoren im Schiff 27.The representation after FIG 3 shows a ship 24 in a dry dock 27. The auxiliary machine 8 can be supplied with electrical energy via an external energy supply 28. So you are independent of the operating status of the power generators in ship 27.

Claims (11)

  1. Electric ship drive (1, 2) which has a drive engine (3, 4) and a drive shaft (5) in a POD (13), wherein the drive shaft (5) is mechanically coupled to an auxiliary engine (8), wherein the auxiliary engine (8) is located on the POD (13) with an open POD housing (14), characterized in that the auxiliary engine (8) is fastened to a housing (14) of the POD (13), in that the POD housing (14) has a housing opening (15), and in that the auxiliary engine (8) is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft (5) through the housing opening (15).
  2. Electric ship drive (1, 2) according to Claim 1, wherein a chain drive (9) or a belt drive (10) is provided for the mechanical coupling.
  3. Electric ship drive (1, 2) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary engine (8) is an electric engine, a hydraulic engine, a pneumatic engine or an internal combustion engine.
  4. Electric ship drive (1, 2) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the drive machine (3, 4) has latching positions, wherein the auxiliary engine (8) has a controller (20) for positioning the drive engine (3, 4) outside a latching position.
  5. Electric ship drive (1, 2) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, with a brake (8, 25) for braking the drive shaft (5).
  6. Electric ship drive (1, 2) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, with an external energy supply connection (29) for the auxiliary engine (8).
  7. Method for rotating a drive shaft (5) of a ship (24), wherein the drive shaft (5) is rotated with an auxiliary engine (8) when the ship (24) is at a standstill, wherein the auxiliary engine (8) is located on the POD (13) with an open POD housing (14), characterized in that the auxiliary engine (8) is fastened to a housing (14) of the POD (13), the POD housing (14) has a housing opening (15) and the auxiliary engine (8) is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft (5) through the housing opening (15).
  8. Method according to Claim 7, wherein the drive shaft (5) is rotated in a dry dock (27).
  9. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein the drive shaft (5) is positioned in a rotational position.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 7 to 9, wherein the drive shaft (5) or a drive engine (3, 4) is prevented from a rotational movement by means of a brake (8, 25).
  11. Method according to one of Claims 7 to 10 which is used in an electric ship drive (1, 2) according to one of Claims 1 to 7.
EP17740006.6A 2016-07-29 2017-07-17 Electric ship drive and method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship Active EP3458350B1 (en)

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DE102016214026.4A DE102016214026B4 (en) 2016-07-29 2016-07-29 Turning device for an electrically operated POD
PCT/EP2017/068001 WO2018019634A1 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-17 Electric ship drive and method for rotating a drive shaft of a ship

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DE102018218126A1 (en) 2018-10-23 2020-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spectroscopic measurement of fluids in ships

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US3512496A (en) * 1968-05-28 1970-05-19 Robert Taggart Inc Anti-fouling means for marine propellers
EP3020625A1 (en) * 2014-11-13 2016-05-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric nacelle drive

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JPS534636Y2 (en) * 1973-05-07 1978-02-04
GB1571984A (en) * 1977-03-16 1980-07-23 Williams Holdings Ltd Edward Marine propeller drive units
JPS54159498U (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-11-07
DD150922A1 (en) 1980-05-19 1981-09-23 Helmut Rollberg TURNING DEVICE FOR TRANSMISSION, TORQUE TRANSDUCER AND SHAFT CABLE
DD292427A5 (en) 1990-03-06 1991-08-01 Veb Dieselmotorenwerk Rostock,De VERDREUSICHERUNG FOR ENGINES
KR200188205Y1 (en) 2000-01-25 2000-07-15 현대산기주식회사 Turning gear unit for ship engine device
JP4224693B2 (en) * 2003-09-03 2009-02-18 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー Propeller installation / removal device
KR100655414B1 (en) 2005-12-12 2006-12-11 주식회사 해성산전 Cycloid gear type turning gear apparatus for ship engine

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US3512496A (en) * 1968-05-28 1970-05-19 Robert Taggart Inc Anti-fouling means for marine propellers
EP3020625A1 (en) * 2014-11-13 2016-05-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric nacelle drive

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