EP3453209B1 - Netzwerkknoten, drahtlose vorrichtung und verfahren zur handhabung von funkressourcen - Google Patents

Netzwerkknoten, drahtlose vorrichtung und verfahren zur handhabung von funkressourcen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3453209B1
EP3453209B1 EP16901114.5A EP16901114A EP3453209B1 EP 3453209 B1 EP3453209 B1 EP 3453209B1 EP 16901114 A EP16901114 A EP 16901114A EP 3453209 B1 EP3453209 B1 EP 3453209B1
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Prior art keywords
data
retransmission
network node
wireless device
radio resource
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3453209A4 (de
EP3453209A1 (de
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Osman Nuri Can Yilmaz
Erik Eriksson
Martin HESSLER
Nadia BRAHMI
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0055—Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/004—Orthogonal
    • H04J13/0044—OVSF [orthogonal variable spreading factor]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1854—Scheduling and prioritising arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1861—Physical mapping arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1864—ARQ related signaling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H04L1/203—Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to a network node, a wireless device and methods therein, the network node serving wireless devices in a radio network where feedback signaling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • radio networks for wireless communication have been developed to provide radio access for various wireless terminals in different areas.
  • the radio networks are constantly improved to provide better coverage and capacity to meet the demands from subscribers using increasingly advanced services and terminals, e.g. smartphones and tablets, which may require considerable amounts of bandwidth and resources for data transport in the networks.
  • a limiting factor for capacity of a radio network is the amount of available radio resources, e.g. in terms of time, frequency bandwidth and transmit power, and the capacity of a radio network is improved by more efficient usage of such radio resources.
  • wireless device In the field of mobile or wireless communication, the term “wireless device” is often used and will be used in this disclosure to represent any communication entity capable of radio communication with a radio network by sending and receiving radio signals, such as e.g. mobile telephones, tablets and laptop computers.
  • User Equipment UE
  • a wireless device in this context could also be a machine-to-machine type of device operating automatically such as a sensor, counter or measuring entity which is configured to send reports over the radio network e.g.
  • network node is used here to represent any node of a radio network that is arranged to communicate radio signals with wireless devices or UEs.
  • the network node in this context is sometimes also referred to as a base station, radio node, e-NodeB, eNB, NB, base transceiver station, access point, etc.
  • M2M Machine Type Communication
  • M2M devices can be installed at different locations within a monitored area or at moving objects such as vehicles or machine parts, to perform some predefined operational task such as measuring, counting, detecting or sensing, and typically reporting the result to a central server or the like.
  • M2M devices may be configured to measure or observe some metric or parameter of interest, such as temperature, pressure, voltage, battery level, light, motion, sound, presence of objects, presence of smoke, to mention a few illustrative examples.
  • the devices may use radio access over a radio network to report sensor data comprising information about their measurements and observations to the server, e.g. at regular intervals or triggered by occurrence of an event, e.g. detection of motion, sound, vibration, light, smoke, temperature rise, and so forth.
  • the server may further send various commands and instructions back to the devices to control their operation.
  • FIG. 1 An example of an arrangement for monitoring a particular area, vehicle or machine is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 where a plurality of M2M devices "D" are distributed at different locations within a schematically shown monitored area or object 100, the devices D being configured to perform various measurements and observations at their respective locations and to send reports over a radio network 102 to a central monitoring server 104, as indicated by arrows "R".
  • the server 104 may also send various commands to control operation of the devices D, as indicated by opposite arrows "C".
  • a data receiving node may send an error indicating message back to the data sending node which then may send the same, or at least corresponding, data once again to the data receiving node, referred to as retransmission.
  • retransmission A commonly used process for enabling retransmissions of erroneously received data is the well-known Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, HARQ, process. Retransmissions may be employed if it is important that the data is correct when received, such as in M2M reporting of measurements and observations. On the other hand, a certain amount of errors can normally be tolerated in speech or video data and retransmissions may in that case not be motivated.
  • the HARQ process or similar generally requires a node receiving data from another node to indicate whether a transmitted chunk of data has been properly received and decoded or not, by sending a feedback message to the data sending node, also referred to as "feedback signaling".
  • feedback signaling a feedback message to the data sending node
  • forward link and data link refer to a radio link used for conveying data
  • reverse link and feedback link refer to a radio link used for conveying feedback messages.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a simple example of how this is basically done.
  • a data sending node denoted data sender 200 transmits a piece of data, e.g. together with a CRC or similar, on a forward link to a data receiving node denoted data receiver 202.
  • the data sender 200 may be a network node and the data receiver 202 may be a wireless device, or vice versa, and this procedure may be applied in either direction.
  • the data receiver 202 checks if the data has any errors, e.g. by using the above-mentioned CRC for error detection, in another action 2:2.
  • the data receiver 202 then returns a feedback message accordingly on a reverse link to data sender 200, in a next action 2:3 .
  • the feedback message is either an acknowledgement, ACK, which confirms correct reception of the data, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, which indicates an error in the received data or no reception at all, depending on the outcome of action 2:2
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • the data sender 200 is required to retransmit the same chunk of data, as indicated by an optional action 2:4, to enable another attempt of reception and decoding at the data receiver 202.
  • the HARQ process for feedback signaling is widely known as such in this field and it is not necessary to describe in any further detail to understand the following disclosure. It should be understood that a certain amount of radio resources must be allocated for enabling the above-described communication of feedback messages. Even though the indication of ACK or NACK as such requires only one bit, 1 or 0, for each feedback message, a considerable amount of overhead is needed apart from that bit to enable this process.
  • the term "error-sensitive" implies that the data receiving node has high requirements on the data reception and/or that an application that uses the communicated data requires that the data is correct.
  • Correct data reception may be achieved by using a relatively large amount of radio resources for the data transmission on the forward link, e.g. by employing added error correction bits and/or high transmit power, to ensure correct data reception even when the radio conditions are bad.
  • the radio resources used for communicating data must be dimensioned for a "worst-case scenario", which may require something like 10 times more radio resources than what is normally needed for about, say, 99% of the time. Therefore, large amounts of radio resources will often be occupied to no avail here as well. It is thus a problem to increase efficiency by avoiding waste of radio resources in data communications between a network node and a wireless device, and at the same time achieve sufficient reliability in the data communications.
  • US 2010/0284364 A1 discloses a semi-persistent scheduling method and apparatus based on statistically multiplexing in time and frequency resources.
  • a method is performed by a network node serving wireless devices in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • the network node assigns, prior to receiving a set of concurrent transmissions of data from a group of wireless devices served by the network node, a shared radio resource to the group of wireless devices to be used for retransmission in case the feedback signalling for at least one transmission of data out of the set of concurrent transmissions of data indicates a NACK.
  • the network node receives the set of concurrent transmissions of data from the group of wireless devices wherein a subset of the concurrent transmissions of data is not received correctly.
  • the network node further transmits, as said feedback signalling, a NACK to those wireless devices in the group of wireless devices that transmitted the subset that was not received correctly. Accordingly, the network node then receives, on the shared radio resource, a retransmission of at least one of the concurrent transmissions of data in the subset that was not received correctly from at least one wireless device to which said NACK was transmitted.
  • a network node is arranged to serve wireless devices in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • the network node is configured to assign, prior to receiving a set of concurrent transmissions of data from a group of wireless devices served by the network node, a shared radio resource to the group of wireless devices to be used for retransmission in case the feedback signalling for at least one transmission of data out of the set of concurrent transmissions of data indicates a NACK.
  • the network node is also configured to receive the set of concurrent transmissions of data from the group of wireless devices wherein a subset of the concurrent transmissions of data is not received correctly, and further configured to transmit, as said feedback signalling, a NACK to those wireless devices in the group of wireless devices that transmitted the subset that was not received correctly.
  • the network node is also configured to receive, on the shared radio resource, a retransmission of at least one of the concurrent transmissions of data in the subset that was not received correctly from at least one wireless device to which said NACK was transmitted.
  • a method is performed by a wireless device when being served by a network node in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless device.
  • the wireless device obtains, prior to performing a transmission of data to the network node, information about a shared radio resource to be used for retransmission of the data in case the feedback signalling for the transmission of data indicates a NACK, the shared radio resource being assigned to a group of wireless devices comprising the wireless device.
  • the wireless device further performs the transmission of data to the network node and receives from the network node, as said feedback signalling, a NACK for the transmission of data. Then the wireless device performs a retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource to the network node.
  • a wireless device is capable of being served by a network node in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless device.
  • the wireless device is configured to obtain, prior to performing a transmission of data to the network node, information about a shared radio resource to be used for retransmission of the data in case the feedback signalling for the transmission of data indicates a NACK, the shared radio resource being assigned to a group of wireless devices comprising the wireless device.
  • the wireless device is also configured to perform transmission of data to the network node, and to receive from the network node as said feedback signalling, a NACK for the transmission of data.
  • the wireless device is then further configured to perform a retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource to the network node.
  • network node and wireless device may be configured and implemented according to different optional embodiments to accomplish further features and benefits, to be described below.
  • a computer program is also provided comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the above method.
  • a carrier is also provided which contains the above computer program, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium.
  • the invention is defined by the a method performed by a network node and by the corresponding network node, as defined in claims 1 and 2. Further the invention is defined by a method performed by a wireless device and by the corresponding wireless device as defined in claims 10 and 11.
  • the error rate for reception of data on the forward link will be referred to as the "data error rate”
  • the error rate for reception of feedback messages on the reverse link will be referred to as the “feedback error rate”.
  • the solution and its embodiments will be described in terms of functionality in a network node of a radio network when a plurality of wireless devices are being served by the network node for radio communication involving transmission of data from the wireless devices to be received by the network node.
  • the embodiments herein also refer to functionality in a wireless device when being served by the network node.
  • feedback signalling is employed in the radio communication to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • feedback signalling of an ACK indicates that the data has been correctly received whereas feedback signalling of a NACK indicates that the data has not been correctly received.
  • the amount of radio resources needed for feedback signalling to multiple wireless devices can be reduced by using the solution as described herein, as compared to conventional techniques. This is accomplished by assigning a shared radio resource to a group of wireless devices so that the shared radio resource can be used by any of the wireless devices for retransmission of data in case the feedback signalling indicates a NACK. This will occupy less radio resources than if each wireless device would be assigned its own radio resource for retransmissions.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a procedure with actions performed by a network node when serving wireless devices in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an ACK or a NACK of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • An initial and optional action 300 illustrates one example embodiment where the network node may select a group of wireless devices being served by the network node, based on an expected error rate for transmission and/or retransmission of data from the respective wireless devices. This embodiment may be used such that a wireless device is included in the group if its expected error rate in data transmission is below a preset threshold, which implies that the amount of expected retransmissions from this wireless device is limited.
  • the group of wireless devices may be selected further based on an expected error rate for the feedback signalling to the respective wireless devices.
  • a wireless device may be included in the group if its expected error rate for feedback signalling is below another preset threshold, which implies that the feedback signalling to this wireless device is likely to succeed.
  • the above two embodiments may be used alone or combined, e.g. such that both of the above-mentioned threshold conditions must be fulfilled to include a wireless device in the group, or it may be sufficient that only one of the two threshold conditions is fulfilled.
  • the expected error rate for data transmission from a wireless device and feedback transmission to the device may be estimated based on quality or path gain of the radio links used for transmission of data and feedback, respectively.
  • the radio link in question is considered to be "good", e.g. when the expected error rate is below some predefined threshold, it may be decided to include the wireless device in the group which will be handled according to the following actions in the procedure of Fig. 3 .
  • the wireless devices included in the group are expected to have a low or limited error probability and corresponding limited need for retransmissions. As a result, no more than a few of the devices, if any, in the group are likely to need to retransmit any data.
  • the network node assigns, prior to receiving a set of concurrent transmissions of data from a group of wireless devices served by the network node, a shared radio resource to the group of wireless devices to be used for retransmission in case the feedback signalling for at least one transmission of data out of the set of concurrent transmissions of data indicates a NACK.
  • This assigning is illustrated by an action 302, and it may be done for the group of wireless devices selected in action 300.
  • a next optional action 304 illustrates another example embodiment.
  • the network node may assign, prior to receiving initial transmissions of data for which a unique radio resource is assigned to each individual wireless device in the group, a further radio resource for the set of concurrent transmissions of data, wherein a smaller amount of resources are assigned as the shared radio resource for the retransmission as compared to an amount of resources assigned as the further radio resource.
  • unique implies that each unique radio resource is assigned to only one wireless device and is not shared with any other wireless device. Thereby, the wireless devices can transmit data on their respective unique radio resources without interference from one another which may reduce the risk for unsuccessful reception of initial data transmissions.
  • the "further radio resource" for the set of concurrent transmissions of data referred to in action 302 above is thus assigned prior to reception of the initial transmissions of data, and the set of concurrent transmissions may include retransmission of the initial transmission. Furthermore, the above-mentioned "set of concurrent transmissions of data” may also include one or more retransmissions of previously transmitted data for which a NACK is generated, and these already made retransmissions may be selected for another retransmission on the "further radio resource" of this embodiment.
  • a further action 306 illustrates that the network node receives the above-mentioned set of concurrent transmissions of data from the group of wireless devices wherein a subset of the concurrent transmissions of data is not received correctly. This means that each transmission in the subset needs to be performed again, i.e. the data needs to be retransmitted on the shared radio resource.
  • the network node accordingly transmits, as said feedback signalling, a NACK to those wireless devices in the group of wireless devices that transmitted the subset that was not received correctly.
  • a final action 310 illustrates that the network node receives, on the shared radio resource, a retransmission of at least one of the concurrent transmissions of data in the subset that was not received correctly from at least one wireless device to which said NACK was transmitted. It is thus an advantage of the solution described above by means of Fig. 3 , that the consumption or usage of precious radio resources is reduced by assigning a shared radio resource to multiple wireless devices for retransmission, instead of assigning one unique radio resource to each and every wireless device for retransmission.
  • the retransmission of data received on the shared radio resource may be contention-based. This means that if there are more than one wireless device that needs to retransmit, the wireless devices will perform an opportunistic transmission with the risk of collision. Contention-based transmission is well-known as such and an example of how it may be employed in this context will be described later below.
  • the network node may broadcast the feedback signalling and a priority level for each wireless device in the group, so that the wireless devices in the group for which the feedback signalling indicates a NACK are enabled to perform retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource depending on the priority levels.
  • the priority levels indicate that a wireless device having higher priority than another wireless device can use the shared radio resource for retransmission, while the wireless device having lower priority can use the shared radio resource for retransmission only if the shared radio resource is not used by the wireless device having higher priority.
  • the above priority levels may be determined for the wireless devices in the group based on a likelihood of retransmission of previously transmitted data, so that a wireless device with relatively high likelihood of retransmission gets a higher priority level than a wireless device with relatively low likelihood of retransmission.
  • the wireless devices in the group are thus compared to each other with respect to their likelihood of retransmission, such that a wireless device with a higher likelihood of retransmission than another wireless device gets a higher priority level than the other wireless device.
  • the wireless devices can be "ranked" relative one another and prioritized according to their likelihood of retransmission. In other words, with knowledge of the likelihood of retransmission it is possible to classify or "rank" the wireless devices in terms of priority levels.
  • the likelihood of retransmission is basically dependent on the radio link used for data transmission. Another example embodiment is thus that the likelihood of retransmission may be determined for a wireless device based on quality or path gain of a radio link used by said wireless device for transmission of data.
  • the likelihood of retransmission is also related to the expected data error rate such that a high expected data error rate implies a high likelihood of retransmission.
  • the group of wireless devices may be selected based on an expected error rate for data transmission and/or feedback signalling, referred to as data error rate and feedback error rate, respectively.
  • data error rate and feedback error rate an expected error rate for data transmission and/or feedback signalling
  • An example of how this selection and a prioritization of wireless devices may be performed by the network node will now be described with reference to the flow chart in Fig. 4 . This procedure may thus be performed in order to execute action 300 above, among other things.
  • the network node determines the expected data error rate for a wireless device currently being served by the network node, e.g. based on quality or path gain of a radio link used by the wireless device.
  • the network node checks whether the expected data error rate is below a predefined threshold or not. If so, the wireless device is included in the group, as indicated by an action 404 . If not, the wireless device is not included in the group by not performing action 404.After the check as of action 402 and possibly inclusion in the group as of action 404, the network node checks in an action 406 whether all its served wireless devices have been evaluated.
  • the network node If not all wireless devices have been evaluated in action 406, the network node returns to action 400 and determines the expected data error rate for a next wireless device. Thus, actions 400-406 are repeated for each additional wireless device that is evaluated in this manner so as to build the group of wireless devices for which the above-described procedure of Fig. 3 may be used.
  • the network node assigns priority levels to the wireless devices in the group, as shown by another action 408 , which prioritization is based on the expected data error rates determined in action 400. The prioritization may also be dependent on other factors such as "importance" or service class of the devices, or similar.
  • the wireless devices are subject to the same service requirements, e g with respect to latency.
  • Service requirements may also be referred to as Quality of Service, QoS, requirements.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the wireless devices are subject to different service requirements and that the above prioritization may also be based on their respective service requirements.
  • the group of wireless devices may be formed so that the devices included in the group have same or similar/corresponding service requirements.
  • a final action 410 illustrates that the network node broadcasts, or otherwise signals, the feedback signalling and priority levels for the wireless devices included in the group.
  • This information may be provided to the devices by means of any explicit or implicit signalling, e.g. using unicast or broadcast.
  • the wireless devices in the group for which the feedback signalling indicates a NACK are enabled to perform retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource depending on the priority levels.
  • Some examples of how such priority levels may be used to control usage of the shared radio resource have been described above.
  • a wireless device having higher priority than another wireless device can use the shared radio resource for retransmission, while the wireless device having lower priority can use the shared radio resource for retransmission only if the shared radio resource is not used by the wireless device having higher priority.
  • the network node may assign different orthogonal codes corresponding to different spreading factors to the wireless devices in the group, depending on how many wireless devices, or what wireless devices, in the group have received a NACK as indicated by the broadcasted feedback signalling. This will thus enable the wireless devices to perform retransmissions with a spreading factor that depends on how many wireless devices, or what wireless devices, in the group, have received a NACK as indicated by the broadcasted feedback signalling.
  • a set of shared radio resources to be used for retransmission are initially assigned to a group of wireless devices together with the initial transmission resources, and that each wireless device from the group should listen to the feedback of the initial transmission of the other wireless devices of the same group. Based on that information each device will estimate the number of wireless devices that need to perform a retransmission, that is, the number of wireless devices that have received a NACK. Each wireless device will then compute a corresponding spreading factor to share the retransmission resources with the other wireless devices needing retransmission.
  • a group of 4 wireless devices was initially assigned each a unique resource for an initial transmission by assigning the resources using a spreading factor of 4 and in addition 3 shared resources (e.g. for using a spreading factor of 3) for retransmission, and that after the initial transmission having been performed by each wireless device, two wireless devices have already successfully met a predefined reliability requirement, e.g. related to their respective Bit Error Rate, BER.
  • a predefined reliability requirement e.g. related to their respective Bit Error Rate, BER.
  • radio resources can be freed up for other purposes.
  • the number of devices actually needing to perform a retransmission may, as in this example, still be smaller than the number of devices for which the retransmission resource is dimensioned, the resources used for the retransmission will be less susceptible to interference as compared to the resources used for the preceding transmission, such as the initial transmission in this example.
  • different orthogonal codes corresponding to different spreading factors may be initially assigned to the wireless devices in the group by a network controller or base station.
  • the orthogonal codes can then be adaptively used based on the feedback collected after the preceding or initial transmission performed by each wireless device, i.e. depending on how many devices in the group need to perform a retransmission of the data..
  • multiple shared radio resources may be assigned for retransmission of data and the feedback signalling may in this case comprise multiple bits for indicating the shared radio resources.
  • each wireless device listens to its own feedback but it has multiple preconfigured possible retransmission resources, where the use of a specific resource is associated with one feedback state, and the feedback is signalled in multiple bits instead of in a single bit, the multiple bits representing different feedback states.
  • at least 3 wireless devices share the same, at least 2, radio resources used for feedback signalling, and the actual usage of feedback resources is controlled from the network node receiving the data transmissions. This way, a significantly lower probability of data errors can be achieved when there is a large number of simultaneous retransmissions, to save retransmission resources for a slightly higher cost in feedback.
  • each wireless device is assigned a unique radio resource for initial transmission and two shared radio resources that can be used for retransmission by any 2 of the 3 wireless devices.
  • the total probability of error Pe for any one of the 3 devices can be determined as the probability of error after two attempts on respective radio resources R1 and R2, denoted Pe(R1 +R2), plus the probability that all 3 users have an error after the first attempt on radio resource R1, i.e. Pe(R1) 3 / 3 and the retransmission resource is given to the other 2 wireless devices. This can be expressed as: Pe ⁇ Pe R 1 + R 2 + Pe R 1 3 / 3
  • Pe(R1+R2) is the probability of error, i.e. unsuccessful transmission of the data, for any one of the 3 wireless devices after the first and second transmission attempts on resources R1 and R2, respectively.
  • the total amount of radio resources needed for the above assignments is 3* R1 + 2* R2.
  • the gain in reduced amount of used radio resources would be large if R2 > R1 (meaning that the resource R2 is larger than resource R1, e.g. in terms of time/frequency), and this gain is expected to be even larger with a larger group of wireless devices.
  • a so-called "Q-function" may be used for estimating the error probability from link properties: Q 1 2 Eb N 0 where Eb is received energy per bit on the link and N0 is noise on the link which may include interference if present.
  • the ratio Eb / N0 can thus be regarded as a useful measure or quantity of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR.
  • the Q-function is well-known and represents the tail probability of a standard normal distribution.
  • the network node may signal to the wireless devices in the group that a first transmission mode shall be used for the set of concurrent transmissions of data, which set was received in the above-described action 306, and that a second transmission mode shall be used for the retransmission on the shared radio resource, as received in action 310, the second transmission mode being less robust to interference than the first transmission mode.
  • "less robust to interference” implies that a data transmission using the second transmission mode is more likely to be disturbed by interference than a data transmission using the first transmission mode when subjected to the same amount of interference.
  • the second transmission mode is selected from a set of transmission modes being preconfigured in the wireless devices in the group.
  • the second transmission mode may be selected depending on a current SNR and reliability requirements for the wireless devices in the group.
  • the first transmission mode may be based on one of: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), precoding based beam forming, and spatial multiplexing.
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • the second transmission mode may be based on one of: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), transmit diversity, and diversity allocation of radio resources.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • SDMA Space Division Multiple Access
  • NOMA Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
  • preconfigured parameters for NOMA can be used for retransmissions such that an initial transmission is performed using OFDM(A) as the first transmission mode and any retransmissions are performed using NOMA as the second transmission mode.
  • the retransmissions from different devices may be detected by a multi-user detection mechanism in the receiver of the network node by enabling the use of completely or partially overlapping resources in time-frequency domain with no code-spreading.
  • the preconfigured parameters for an alternative orthogonal transmission mode can be used for retransmissions such that an initial transmission is performed using OFDM(A) as the first transmission mode and any retransmissions are performed using CDMA as the second transmission mode.
  • the retransmissions from different devices may be multiplexed in the code domain according to CDMA enabling the use of the same radio resources in time-frequency domain with different spreading codes for different respective devices where the spreading codes are orthogonal to one another.
  • One such set of spreading codes or orthogonal codes corresponds to a specific spreading factor that determines how many wireless devices' transmissions can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource without interfering with one another.
  • an initial transmission is performed using OFDM(A) as the first transmission mode, and any retransmissions are performed using CDMA as the second transmission mode.
  • the network node is able to preconfigure at least the spreading factor for multiplexing potential retransmissions in the code domain according to CDMA in advance.
  • a precoding based beam forming or spatial multiplexing is used as the first transmission mode for the initial transmission while a transmit diversity scheme is used as the second transmission mode for any retransmissions.
  • a transmit diversity scheme is used as the second transmission mode for any retransmissions.
  • the resource allocation scheme is changed from a fine granular localized allocation, suitable for channel dependent scheduling, to be used as the first transmission mode for the initial transmission, to a diversity allocation to be used as the second transmission mode for any retransmissions.
  • diversity schemes may include frequency hopping or distributed allocations in frequency.
  • the feedback signalling may comprise a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, HARQ, process, which will also be employed in some following further examples.
  • HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
  • each user is assigned a unique resource as each user is more or less always going to transmit data on their respective unique resources, provided that they have data to transmit. For example, if the user has missed its scheduling signalling indicating the unique resource, or does not have data or similar to transmit, the user will not transmit.
  • the user is thus assigned a unique resource, that is, one user u n is assigned a unique resource R1 (u n ) and another user u m is assigned another unique resource R1 (u m ), such that R1 (u n ) ⁇ R1 (u m ) if n ⁇ m, but for some resources Rj assigned for retransmissions, i.e.
  • Rj some users, including users u n and u m , are sharing a retransmission resource.
  • the choice of how many users should share the retransmission resource in Rj may, as mentioned above, depend on, for example, expected data error rate after the j:th transmission and also the expected HARQ signalling error rate, i.e. the feedback error rate.
  • the scheduler is "fair", i.e. if for example 2 users are both assigned the same shared retransmission resource and both need to perform a retransmission, the shared resource is assigned with a 50% probability to each of the two users. In another example, the shared resource is assigned with a 33% probability to each user in the case of 3 users, etc.
  • the above percentages thus indicate basically how large probability each user has of acquiring the shared retransmission resource in the case of fair scheduling, meaning that devices with equal priority have equal probability of acquiring the shared resource. This may be implemented by sending ACKs to users that need a retransmission but where some other user is given the retransmission resource, hence these users are "dropped" to save a user with highest priority, or luck.
  • e1) is the probability that communication of data from one of the users fails after using two transmission attempts
  • the term P(e1) * P(e1)*0.5 is the probability that the other user sharing the resource has a retransmission to perform and is given the retransmission resource instead.
  • e1)*0.5 is a correction term as the case where both users fail in the first transmission and the user whose error probability is determined fails also in the second transmission would otherwise be counted twice.
  • the network node may broadcast priority levels for the wireless devices, so that the wireless devices are enabled to perform retransmission depending on the priority levels.
  • An example of how this embodiment may be employed will now be described with reference to Fig. 5 , again denoting the wireless devices as users.
  • the users may be prioritized, for example, such that user 1 has the highest priority, etc.
  • This prioritization may be done in different ways. One possible way is to give highest priority to the "worst" user, i.e. the user that is most likely to need all the retransmission attempts. In this case it may be assumed that the worst user is also the user with the worst i.e. lowest path-gain. However, other reasons may also be used to give a user high error probability, such as when the device's receiver performance is known to be low or restricted, or depending on the expected amount of traffic, the user's subscription (e.g. premium), battery status, etc., and the embodiment is not limited in this respect.
  • the retransmission resources are distributed according to this prioritization, i.e. if a NACK is transmitted to user 1 this implies that user 1 will use a shared resource 1 for performing a retransmission, etc. This further implies that a user with a low priority, e.g. indicated by a high number in a priority list, could be forced to wait for its retransmission resource to occur.
  • the transmission behaviour of a group of wireless devices 502 denoted D1 - D6 depending on their priorities, is shown in Fig. 5 .
  • T-1 denotes an opportunity for initial transmission of respective data from the devices using the respective unique radio resources.
  • devices D4 and D6 receive an ACK, while devices D1, D2, D3 and D5 receive a NACK. This means that D4 and D6 need not retransmit and D1, D2, D3 and D5 need to retransmit their data.
  • a shared radio resource assigned for retransmission has room for transmission from two devices, and since D1 and D2 have the two highest priorities above D3 and D5, it is D1 and D2 that perform retransmission in T-2 while D3 and D5 do not retransmit.
  • the feedback signalling FB-2 from the network node for this retransmission indicates an ACK for D2 and NACK for D1 and the NACK for D3 and D5 remain.
  • the NACK is thus signalled once again in FB-2 for D1, D3 and D5.
  • the NACKs to D3 and D5 may be "remembered” if not signalled again in FB-2.
  • the shared radio resource assigned for the next retransmission opportunity T-3 has likewise room for transmission from two devices, and this time D1 and D3 have the two highest priorities above the remaining device D5, since D2 does not need to retransmit having received an ACK. It is thus D1 and D3 that perform retransmission in T-3 while D5 does not retransmit.
  • the next feedback signalling FB-3 from the network node indicates an ACK for both D1 and D3 while the NACK for D5 remains. There is thus only one device left that needs to retransmit, namely D5, and the shared radio resource assigned for the next retransmission opportunity T-4 only need to have room for retransmission from device D5 which accordingly performs its retransmission in T-4.
  • the motivation for giving the worst users highest priority may not only be to maintain low error probability for these users despite their worse path-gain, it could also be to maintain a low overhead in the downlink channel used for HARQ, i.e. feedback signalling.
  • the HARQ channel may be designed for an error probability of 1*10 -10 and there may be six users with 1 dB path-gain difference, this then implies that the error probabilities, using the above Q-function, for the other users to correctly hear the HARQ transmission for the first user is5*10 -13 , 6*10 -16 , 1*10 -19 , 3*10 -23 and 6*10 -30 .
  • the error probabilities are more or less unchanged using such a HARQ scheme.
  • the HARQ error probability for the first user is increased from 1*10 -10 to 1.005*10 -10 , which could be compensated by adding a very small extra overhead for ACK/NACK signalling in the HARQ channel.
  • a user may continue to listen for feedback in consecutive transmission attempts to detect when retransmission resources will not be used by any users with higher priority.
  • the number of users sharing the same resource may be restricted such that the probability that more users than available resources need to retransmit is low compared to a target error probability.
  • a phase-amplitude modulation scheme may be used for feedback, e.g. with a large distance between an ACK state and multiple possible NACK states compared to the distance between different NACK-states related to different retransmission resources.
  • An example of this is illustrated in Fig. 5A where different combinations of amplitude and phase, represented by "dots" in the figure, can be interpreted by the receiver in a wireless device as valid code points when receiving from the network node a feedback signal encoded according to a phase-amplitude modulation scheme.
  • the receiver may try to determine the probability that the code of a given dot was sent given the received signal which will deviate somewhat from the dots due to noise.
  • the "distance" between two dots correspond to the error probability when interpreting the signal. If two dots are close together, the probability of mapping the received signal to the wrong dot is higher. For example, occurring noise may move the received signal from the sent dot to an adjacent erroneous "dot".
  • Fig. 5A illustrates an "even constellation” where all code points are evenly distributed
  • the right part illustrates an "uneven constellation” where 12 dots representing different NACK states are located close to one another, shown as a dashed area, while there is a large distance between a dot representing ACK and the dots representing the NACK states.
  • the distance difference may be dependent on the expected usage probability and be signalled from the receiver.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a procedure with actions performed by a wireless device when being served by a network node in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an ACK or a NACK of correct reception of data transmitted by wireless devices.
  • the wireless device performing the following actions may correspond to any of the above-described wireless devices involved in the procedures of Figs 3-5 .
  • a first action 600 illustrates that the wireless device obtains, prior to performing a transmission of data to the network node, information about a shared radio resource to be used for retransmission of the data in case the feedback signalling for the transmission of data indicates a NACK, the shared radio resource being assigned to a group of wireless devices comprising the wireless device.
  • the wireless device performs the transmission of data to the network node.
  • the wireless device receives from the network node, as said feedback signalling, a NACK for the transmission of data.
  • the wireless device then in an action 606 accordingly performs a retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource to the network node.
  • the feedback signalling may comprise a priority level for each wireless device in the group, and said retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource may in that case be performed depending on the priority level for the wireless device in relation to the priority levels of other wireless devices in the group.
  • the retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource may be performed by the wireless device when the wireless device has a priority level higher than the priority level of other wireless devices in the group for which the feedback signalling indicates a NACK.
  • the wireless device may further obtain information indicating that a first transmission mode shall be used for said transmission of the data, and that a second transmission mode shall be used for the retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource, the second transmission mode being less robust to interference than the first transmission mode.
  • the wireless device may in this case perform the transmission of the data using the first transmission mode, and perform the retransmission of the data using the second transmission mode.
  • the retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource may be contention-based.
  • a network node of a radio network may be performed by a network node of a radio network.
  • the block diagram in Fig. 7 illustrates a detailed but non-limiting example of how a network node 700 may be structured to bring about the above-described solution and embodiments thereof.
  • the network node 700 may thus be configured to operate according to any of the above-described examples and embodiments.
  • the network node 700 comprises processing circuitry, e.g. in form of a processor P as shown in Fig. 7 , and a memory M, the memory M comprising instructions executable by said processor P whereby the network node 700 is operative as described herein.
  • the network node 700 also comprises a communication circuit C representing suitable equipment for receiving and sending signals in the manner described herein.
  • processing circuitry may be used instead of "processor”.
  • the communication circuit C is configured for radio communication with wireless devices 702 over suitable radio interfaces using a suitable protocol for radio communication depending on the implementation.
  • the solution and embodiments herein are thus not limited to using any specific types of networks, technology or protocols for radio communication.
  • the network node 700 comprises means configured or arranged to perform at least some of the actions 300-310 and 400-410 of the flow charts in Figs 3 and 4 , respectively.
  • the network node 700 is arranged to serve wireless devices in the radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless devices.
  • the network node 700 is configured to assign, prior to receiving a set of concurrent transmissions of data from a group of wireless devices 702 served by the network node 700, a shared radio resource to the group of wireless devices 702 to be used for retransmission in case the feedback signalling for at least one transmission of data out of the set of concurrent transmissions of data indicates a NACK.
  • This assigning operation may be performed by an assigning module 700A in the network node 700, e.g. in the manner described for action 302 above.
  • the network node 700 is also configured to receive the set of concurrent transmissions of data from the group of wireless devices 702 wherein a subset of the concurrent transmissions of data is not received correctly. This receiving operation may be performed by a receiving module 700B in the network node 700, e.g. in the manner described for action 306 above.
  • the network node 700 is further configured to transmit, as said feedback signalling, a NACK to those wireless devices in the group of wireless devices that transmitted the subset that was not received correctly.
  • This transmitting operation may be performed by a transmitting module 700C in the network node 700, e.g. in the manner described for action 308 above.
  • the network node 700 is also configured to receive, on the shared radio resource, a retransmission of at least one of the concurrent transmissions of data in the subset that was not received correctly from at least one wireless device to which said NACK was transmitted.
  • This receiving operation may be performed by the receiving module 700B, e.g. in the manner described for action 310 above.
  • a wireless device 802 may be performed by a wireless device.
  • the block diagram in Fig. 8 illustrates a detailed but non-limiting example of how a wireless device 802 may be structured to bring about the above-described solution and embodiments thereof.
  • the wireless device 802 may thus be configured to operate according to any of the above-described examples and embodiments.
  • the wireless device 802 comprises processing circuitry, e.g. in form of a processor P as shown in Fig. 8 , and a memory M, the memory M comprising instructions executable by said processor P whereby the wireless device 802 is operative as described herein.
  • the wireless device 802 also comprises a communication circuit C representing suitable equipment for receiving and sending signals in the manner described herein.
  • the communication circuit C is configured for radio communication with a network node 800 over a suitable radio interface using a suitable protocol for radio communication depending on the implementation.
  • the wireless device 802 comprises means configured or arranged to perform the actions 600-606 of the flow chart in Fig. 6 .
  • the wireless device 802 is capable of being served by a network node 800 in a radio network where feedback signalling is employed to indicate either an acknowledgement, ACK, or a non-acknowledgement, NACK, of correct reception of data transmitted by the wireless device.
  • the wireless device 802 is configured to obtain, prior to performing a transmission of data to the network node 800, information about a shared radio resource to be used for retransmission of the data in case the feedback signalling for the transmission of data indicates a NACK, the shared radio resource being assigned to a group of wireless devices comprising the wireless device 802.
  • This obtaining operation may be performed by an obtaining module 802A in the wireless device 802, e.g. in the manner described for action 600 above.
  • the wireless device 802 is also configured to perform transmission of data to the network node 800. This transmitting operation may be performed by a transmitting module 802B in the wireless device 802, e.g. in the manner described for action 602 above.
  • the wireless device 802 is further configured to receive from the network node 800 as said feedback signalling, a NACK for the transmission of data. This receiving operation may be performed by a receiving module 802C in the wireless device 802, e.g. in the manner described for action 604 above.
  • the wireless device 802 is also configured to perform a retransmission of the data on the shared radio resource to the network node 800. This retransmitting operation may be performed by the transmitting module 802B, e.g. in the manner described for action 606 above.
  • Figs 7 and 8 illustrates various functional modules in the network node 700 and the wireless device 802, respectively, and the skilled person is able to implement these functional modules in practice using suitable software and hardware.
  • the solution is generally not limited to the shown structures of the network node 700 and the wireless device 802, and the functional modules 700A-C and 802A-C therein may be configured to operate according to any of the features and embodiments described in this disclosure, where appropriate.
  • the functional modules 700A-C and 802A-C described above may be implemented in the network node 700 and the wireless device 802, respectively, by means of program modules of a respective computer program comprising code means which, when run by the processing circuitry, e.g. in form of processor P, causes the network node 700 and the wireless device 802 to perform the above-described actions and procedures.
  • Each processor P may comprise a single Central Processing Unit (CPU), or could comprise two or more processing units.
  • each processor P may include a general purpose microprocessor, an instruction set processor and/or related chips sets and/or a special purpose microprocessor such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • Each processor P may also comprise a storage for caching purposes.
  • Each computer program may be carried by a computer program product in each of the network node 700 and the wireless device 802 in the form of a memory having a computer readable medium and being connected to the processor P.
  • the computer program product or memory M in each of the network node 700 and the wireless device 802 thus comprises a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored e.g. in the form of computer program modules or the like.
  • the memory M in each node may be a flash memory, a Random-Access Memory (RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or an Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), and the program modules could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the respective network node 700 and the wireless device 802.
  • the solution described herein may thus be implemented in each of the network node 700 and the wireless device 802 by means of a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the actions according to any of the above features and embodiments, where appropriate.
  • a carrier containing the above computer program may also be used when implementing the solution, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
  • the group of wireless devices may be selected based on an expected error rate for data transmission and/or feedback signalling, referred to as data error rate and feedback error rate, respectively.
  • an expected data error rate may be determined for a data transmission by using the above-described Q-function, which is a well-known function in the art, provided that an SNR of the transmission can be obtained.
  • the Q-function may thus be employed as follows: Q 1 2 Eb N 0 where Eb is received energy per bit and N0 is noise which may include interference if present.
  • the ratio Eb / N0 can thus be regarded as a useful measure or quantity of the SNR. Any other suitable way of determining the expected data error rate may also be used and the solution is not limited in this respect.
  • the diagram in Fig. 9 illustrates how the error rate on a radio link is generally dependent on signal quality in terms of SNR which is represented in the figure by the ratio Eb / NO as measured in dB.
  • the error rate can be determined by using the above-mentioned Q-function.
  • This figure further illustrates which values of the SNR are required to achieve two different values of the error rate, 10 -4 and 10 -9 .
  • the radio resources needed to achieve these two SNRs can be read from Fig. 10 which illustrates how resources needed depend on SNR, in this case Eb / N0. It can be seen in this figure that the lower error rate of 10 -9 requires a relatively higher SNR and a significantly larger amount of radio resources than the higher error rate of 10 -4 . Roughly three times more radio resources are needed to achieve the lower error rate of 10 -9 as compared to the higher error rate of 10 -4 .
  • the feedback error rate should be measured as a NACK to ACK error rate for the situation when NACK is erroneously interpreted as ACK, since in that case the data will not be retransmitted and is therefore lost at the data receiving node.
  • a NACK should generally be considered to be received by the data sending node unless an ACK is positively received.
  • the diagram in Fig. 11 shows how ACK to NACK probability or rate is dependent on SNR represented by Eb / N0 in dB, for the error rate of 10 -4 (the curve to the left) and for the lower error rate of 10 -9 (the curve to the right), respectively. It can be seen in this figure that a higher SNR, and therefore more radio resources, is needed for the error rate of 10 -9 than for the error rate of 10 -4 , to achieve the same ACK to NACK probability. Hence, if the NACK to ACK error rate of 10 -9 is required, about twice the amount of radio resources is needed as compared to when the NACK to ACK error rate of 10 -4 is required for a given ACK to NACK probability or rate.
  • the diagram in Fig. 12 shows how different error rates can be achieved when employing different numbers of retransmission attempts.
  • the curve therein also shows how the error rate on a radio link is generally dependent on signal quality in terms of SNR represented by Eb / N0 in dB, which is similar to the curve in Fig. 9 .
  • Four different numbers of retransmission attempts are shown as RT1-RT4. It can be understood that each added retransmission attempt increases the SNR which is marked by the four values of SNR in the figure which provide four different values of resulting feedback error rate as follows.
  • the resulting feedback error rate "ER1" is 7.3 ⁇ 10 -3 .
  • the resulting lower feedback error rate "ER2” is 3.4 ⁇ 10 -6
  • the resulting still lower feedback error rate "ER3” is 1.8 ⁇ 10 -8
  • the resulting lowest feedback error rate "ER4" is 1 ⁇ 10 -10 .
  • the SNR is increased, as marked by the four SNR values in the figure, to a lesser degree with each added retransmission attempt.
  • the increase of SNR, and corresponding need for increased amount of radio resources for growing number of feedback messages is less from RT2 to RT3 than from RT1 to RT2, and it is even lesser from RT3 to RT4 than from RT2 to RT3.
  • the network node may assign reduced amounts of radio resources for feedback signaling to each subsequent retransmission attempt since the relative gain in SNR is decreased for each added retransmission but the absolute energy produced in each transmission is the same.
  • the feedback error rate is typically around 1.2 ⁇ 10 -6 .
  • the resource assignment for feedback messages would instead be adaptively picked for the different retransmission attempts so that the usage of radio resources can be more efficient and even optimized.
  • the choice of the amount of resources for feedback messages is made step-wise in discrete intervals, e.g. corresponding to different amounts of assigned frequency resources for data transmission.
  • the consumption or usage of precious radio resources can be reduced without causing a substantial increase in retransmissions and/or signaling, which can be achieved by assigning a shared radio resource to multiple wireless devices for retransmission, instead of assigning one unique radio resource to each and every wireless device for retransmission. Furthermore, by assigning the shared radio resource for retransmission prior to receiving the concurrent transmissions of data, latency can be reduced in the procedure.

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Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren, das von einem Netzwerkknoten (500, 700) durchgeführt wird, der drahtlose Vorrichtungen in einem Funknetzwerk bedient, wobei eine Rückmeldesignalisierung verwendet wird, um entweder eine Bestätigung (Acknowledgement, ACK) oder eine Nichtbestätigung (Non-Acknowledgement, NACK) des korrekten Empfangs von Daten anzuzeigen, die durch die drahtlosen Vorrichtungen übertragen werden, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    - Zuweisen (302), vor dem Empfangen eines Satzes von gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten von einer Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (502, 702), die von dem Netzwerkknoten (500, 700) bedient werden, einer gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource zu der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (502, 702), die für eine erneute Übertragung zu verwenden ist, falls die Rückmeldesignalisierung für mindestens eine Datenübertragung aus dem Satz von gleichzeitigen Datenübertragungen eine NACK anzeigt,
    - Empfangen (306) des Satzes von gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten von der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (502, 702) wobei eine Teilmenge der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten nicht korrekt empfangen wird,
    - Übertragen (308), als die Rückmeldesignalisierung, eines NACK zu denjenigen drahtlosen Vorrichtungen in der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen, die die Teilmenge, die nicht korrekt empfangen wurde, übertragen haben, und
    - Empfangen (310), an der gemeinsamen Funkressource, einer erneuten Übertragung von mindestens einer der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten in der Teilmenge, die nicht korrekt empfangen wurde, von mindestens einer drahtlosen Vorrichtung, an die die NACK übertragen wurde,
    wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) den drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) in der Gruppe signalisiert, dass ein erster Übertragungsmodus für die Menge der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten verwendet werden soll, und dass ein zweiter Übertragungsmodus für die erneute Übertragung auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource verwendet werden soll, wobei der zweite Übertragungsmodus weniger störungsfest ist als der erste Übertragungsmodus.
  2. Netzwerkknoten (700), der dafür ausgelegt ist, drahtlose Vorrichtungen für ein Funknetzwerk zu bedienen,
    wobei eine Rückmeldesignalisierung verwendet wird, um entweder eine Bestätigung, ACK, oder eine Nichtbestätigung, NACK, des korrekten Empfangs von Daten anzuzeigen, die durch die drahtlosen Vorrichtungen übertragen werden, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) für Folgendes konfiguriert ist:
    - Zuweisen, vor dem Empfangen eines Satzes von gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten von einer Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702), die von dem Netzwerkknoten (700) bedient werden, einer gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource zu der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702), die für eine erneute Übertragung zu verwenden ist, falls die Rückmeldesignalisierung für mindestens eine Datenübertragung aus dem Satz von gleichzeitigen Datenübertragungen eine NACK anzeigt,
    - Empfangen des Satzes von gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten von der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) wobei eine Teilmenge der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten nicht korrekt empfangen wird,
    - Übertragen, als die Rückmeldesignalisierung, eines NACK zu denjenigen drahtlosen Vorrichtungen in der Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen, die die Teilmenge, die nicht korrekt empfangen wurde, übertragen haben, und
    - Empfangen, an der gemeinsamen Funkressource, einer erneuten Übertragung von mindestens einer der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten in der Teilmenge, die nicht korrekt empfangen wurde, von mindestens einer drahtlosen Vorrichtung, an die die NACK übertragen wurde,
    wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) ferner dafür konfiguriert ist, den drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) in der Gruppe zu signalisieren, dass ein erster Übertragungsmodus für die Menge der gleichzeitigen Übertragungen von Daten verwendet werden soll, und dass ein zweiter Übertragungsmodus für die erneute Übertragung auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource verwendet werden soll, wobei der zweite Übertragungsmodus weniger störungsfest ist als der erste Übertragungsmodus.
  3. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) dafür konfiguriert ist, die Gruppe der drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) basierend auf einer erwarteten Fehlerrate für die Übertragung und/oder erneute Übertragung von Daten von den jeweiligen drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) auszuwählen.
  4. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) dafür konfiguriert ist, die Gruppe der drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) basierend auf einer erwarteten Fehlerrate für die Rückmeldesignalisierung an die jeweiligen drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) auszuwählen.
  5. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) dafür konfiguriert ist, vor dem Empfang anfänglicher Datenübertragungen, für die jeder einzelnen drahtlosen Vorrichtung in der Gruppe eine eindeutige Funkressource zugewiesen wird, eine weitere Funkressource für den Satz gleichzeitiger Datenübertragungen zuzuweisen, wobei eine kleinere Menge an Ressourcen als die gemeinsame Funkressource für die erneute Übertragung zugewiesen wird, verglichen mit einer Menge an Ressourcen, die als die weitere Funkressource zugewiesen wird.
  6. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, wobei die erneute Übertragung von Daten, die auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource empfangen werden, konkurrenzbasiert ist.
  7. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) dafür konfiguriert ist, die Rückmeldesignalisierung und eine Prioritätsstufe für jede drahtlose Vorrichtung (702) in der Gruppe zu senden, so dass die drahtlosen Vorrichtungen (702) in der Gruppe, für die die Rückmeldesignalisierung eine NACK anzeigt, in der Lage sind, eine erneute Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource in Abhängigkeit von den Prioritätsstufen durchzuführen, wobei die Prioritätsebenen anzeigen, dass eine drahtlose Vorrichtung, die eine höhere Priorität als eine andere drahtlose Vorrichtung hat, die gemeinsame Funkressource für die erneute Übertragung verwenden kann, während die drahtlose Vorrichtung, die eine niedrigere Priorität hat, die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource nur dann für eine erneute Übertragung verwenden kann, wenn die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource nicht von der drahtlosen Vorrichtung mit der höheren Priorität verwendet wird.
  8. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, wobei der Netzwerkknoten (700) dafür konfiguriert ist, mehrere gemeinsam genutzte Funkressourcen für die erneute Übertragung von Daten zuzuweisen, und wobei die Rückmeldesignalisierung mehrere Bits zur Anzeige der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressourcen umfasst.
  9. Netzwerkknoten (700) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, wobei der erste Übertragungsmodus auf einem der folgenden basiert:
    orthogonaler Frequenzmultiplex-Vielfachzugriff (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access, OFDMA) vorcodierungsbasierte Strahlformung und räumliches Multiplexing, und wobei der zweite Übertragungsmodus auf einem der folgenden basiert:
    Codemultiplex-Vielfachzugriff (Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA), Raummultiplex-Vielfachzugriff (Space Division Multiple Access, SDMA), nicht-orthogonaler Mehrfachzugriff (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA), Sendediversität und Diversitätszuweisung von Funkressourcen.
  10. Verfahren, das von einer drahtlosen Vorrichtung (502, 802) durchgeführt wird, wenn sie von einem Netzwerkknoten (500, 800) in einem Funknetzwerk bedient wird, wobei eine Rückmeldesignalisierung verwendet wird, um entweder eine Bestätigung, ACK, oder eine Nichtbestätigung, NACK, des korrekten Empfangs von Daten anzuzeigen, die durch die drahtlose Vorrichtung übertragen werden, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    - Erhalten (600), bevor eine Übertragung von Daten an den Netzwerkknoten (500, 800) durchgeführt wird, von Informationen über eine gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource, die für eine erneute Übertragung der Daten zu verwenden ist, falls die Rückmeldesignalisierung für die Übertragung von Daten eine NACK anzeigt, wobei die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource einer Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen zugewiesen ist, die die drahtlose Vorrichtung (502, 802) umfasst,
    - Durchführen (602) der Übertragung von Daten an den Netzwerkknoten (500, 800),
    - Empfangen (604) einer NACK für die Übertragung von Daten von dem Netzwerkknoten (500, 800) als die Rückmeldesignalisierung,
    - Durchführen (606) einer erneuten Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsamen Funkressource an den Netzknoten (500, 800), und
    - Erhalten von Informationen, die anzeigen, dass ein erster Übertragungsmodus für die Übertragung der Daten verwendet werden soll und dass ein zweiter Übertragungsmodus für die erneute Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource verwendet werden soll, wobei der zweite Übertragungsmodus weniger störungsfest ist als der erste Übertragungsmodus, und um die Übertragung der Daten unter Verwendung des ersten Übertragungsmodus und die erneute Übertragung der Daten unter Verwendung des zweiten Übertragungsmodus durchzuführen.
  11. Drahtlose Vorrichtung (802), die von einem Netzwerkknoten (800) für ein Funknetzwerk bedient werden kann, wobei eine Rückmeldesignalisierung verwendet wird, um entweder eine Bestätigung, ACK, oder eine Nichtbestätigung, NACK, des korrekten Empfangs von Daten anzuzeigen, die durch die drahtlose Vorrichtung übertragen werden, wobei die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) für Folgendes konfiguriert ist:
    - Erhalten, bevor eine Übertragung von Daten an den Netzwerkknoten (800) durchgeführt wird, von Informationen über eine gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource, die für eine erneute Übertragung der Daten zu verwenden ist, falls die Rückmeldesignalisierung für die Übertragung von Daten eine NACK anzeigt, wobei die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource einer Gruppe von drahtlosen Vorrichtungen zugewiesen ist, die die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) umfasst,
    - Durchführen der Übertragung von Daten an den Netzwerkknoten (800),
    - Empfangen einer NACK für die Übertragung von Daten von dem Netzwerkknoten (800) als die Rückmeldesignalisierung und
    - Durchführen einer erneuten Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsamen Funkressource an den Netzknoten (800),
    wobei die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) ferner dafür konfiguriert ist, Informationen zu erhalten, die anzeigen, dass ein erster Übertragungsmodus für die Übertragung der Daten verwendet werden soll und dass ein zweiter Übertragungsmodus für die erneute Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource verwendet werden soll, wobei der zweite Übertragungsmodus weniger störungsfest ist als der erste Übertragungsmodus, und die Übertragung der Daten unter Verwendung des ersten Übertragungsmodus durchzuführen und die erneute Übertragung der Daten unter Verwendung des zweiten Übertragungsmodus durchzuführen.
  12. Drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Rückmeldesignalisierung eine Prioritätsstufe für jede drahtlose Vorrichtung in der Gruppe umfasst, und die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) dafür konfiguriert ist, die erneute Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource in Abhängigkeit von der Prioritätsstufe für die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) im Verhältnis zu den Prioritätsstufen anderer drahtloser Vorrichtungen in der Gruppe durchzuführen.
  13. Drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) nach Anspruch 11, wobei die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) dafür konfiguriert ist, die erneute Übertragung der Daten auf der gemeinsamen Funkressource durchzuführen, wenn die drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) eine Prioritätsstufe hat, die höher ist als die Prioritätsstufe anderer drahtloser Vorrichtungen in der Gruppe, für die die Rückmeldesignalisierung eine NACK anzeigt, wobei die Prioritätsebenen anzeigen, dass eine drahtlose Vorrichtung, die eine höhere Priorität als eine andere drahtlose Vorrichtung hat, die gemeinsame Funkressource für die erneute Übertragung verwenden kann, während die drahtlose Vorrichtung, die eine niedrigere Priorität hat, die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource nur dann für eine erneute Übertragung verwenden kann, wenn die gemeinsam genutzte Funkressource nicht von der drahtlosen Vorrichtung mit der höheren Priorität verwendet wird.
  14. Drahtlose Vorrichtung (802) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei die erneute Übertragung von Daten auf der gemeinsam genutzten Funkressource konkurrenzbasiert ist.
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