EP3440892B1 - Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid - Google Patents
Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3440892B1 EP3440892B1 EP16731678.5A EP16731678A EP3440892B1 EP 3440892 B1 EP3440892 B1 EP 3440892B1 EP 16731678 A EP16731678 A EP 16731678A EP 3440892 B1 EP3440892 B1 EP 3440892B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- led
- led segment
- segment
- power supply
- direct
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
- H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/36—Circuits for reducing or suppressing harmonics, ripples or electromagnetic interferences [EMI]
Definitions
- the invention is defined by the independent claims and relates to LED lighting apparatuses driven directly from the public AC grid, wherein the harmonic content of the currents sunk from the public AC grid by the light emitting diodes is compliant with the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard.
- Some embodiments of the LED lighting apparatuses according to the invention have a parallel connection of multiple power supplies, in order to obtain higher power supplies compliant too with said harmonic standard.
- LED is the abbreviation of the light emitting diode and the term “Direct AC power supply” refers to a low power constant current integrated power supply.
- LED lighting technology is maturing fast, in the last 2 years becoming commercially available over 10 direct AC integrated circuits (abbreviated: IC).
- Direct AC technology is attractive because of its low cost, of its simplicity allowing the manufacturing of complete light engines on single printed circuit boards, because of lack of reactive components and due to its good electric parameters: high electrical efficiency (typically 90%) and good power factor (typically higher than 0.95).
- Figure 3 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 1 and Figure 4 exhibits its harmonic content together with the individual harmonic limits, as they are set by the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard. Acknowledging the standard is only recommended for powers lower than 25W but is mandatory for powers higher than 25W, a lighting apparatus having a rated power higher than 25W and manufactured by simply scaling of any number of not compliant and low power direct AC integrated power sources, is still not compliant and not usable.
- the not compliant harmonic content is mainly due to the fact that given technological and practical reasons, the ratios of currents sunk by the integrated circuit from the grid is fixed, having the first step/current jump of higher value relative to next steps, which condition a relatively tight ratio of number of LEDs that make up each of the 4 LED segments.
- Each LED segment includes one LED device or a plurality of LED devices, which are connected to each other in series. Needless to say, a plurality of LED devices can be connected to each other in series inside a LED package as the LED segment.
- Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device).
- the LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips.
- that fixed currents ratio requires the approximate number of LEDs of each constituent segment S 1 , ...,S 4 as following: S 1 contains about 55 LEDs, S 2 contains about 18 LEDs, S 3 contains about 16 LEDs and S 4 contains about 6 LEDs.
- S 1 contains about 55 LEDs
- S 2 contains about 18 LEDs
- S 3 contains about 16 LEDs
- S 4 contains about 6 LEDs.
- the example is not limitative, and the LED segments may also contain other combinations of numbers of LEDs.
- the fixed ratios of sunk currents (61/77/94/100) in conjunction with the high level of the first sunk current requires on one hand the LED segment S 1 to contain a large number of LEDs, which in turn determines the apparatus to start sinking current later, with a delay greater than 1.3ms from the zero crossing of sine grid voltage, and on the other hand, it makes the first step / current jump, corresponding to segment S 1 to be much higher (about 3-fold) than the following steps/levels of sunk current; both effects (late entry into conduction and the first current step of higher value relative to next steps) contribute decisively to the increased levels of odd harmonics of the sunk current, thus exceeding the limits imposed by EN61000-3-2 standard.
- Document US 2015/208474 A1 discloses a method of taking power with low-voltage bypass for supplying low-voltage power to an IC and an IC for AC direct driving LEDs, which is applicable to the method of taking power with low-voltage bypass.
- the method allows the increase of the number of LED segments by adding an associated IC for each new segment, and each LED segment is controlled independently of the other LED segments.
- a priori this method does not provide EN61000-3-2 harmonic compliance. Harmonic compliance might be achieved only by using five or more integrated circuits and carefully chosen resistors values. However, this method is totally different of the present claimed invention.
- Document DE 11 2014 002534 T5 refers to a LED lighting device capable to endure a supply voltage whose value is the double of the supply voltage value of a single integrated circuit/driver. Thus, the internal parts of the device are prevented from being damaged by an overvoltage. However, the device is not EN61000-3-2 compliant.
- Document EP2665341A1 discloses the general operating method of a LED direct AC integrated circuit driver.
- the LED segments connection/disconnection to/from the circuit is managed exclusively by the mains supply voltage, and not by the current sunk by the LEDs.
- the apparatus associated to the method does not meet EN61000-3-2 harmonic standards. Moreover, it does not meet EN55014 electro magnetic interferrence standard.
- KR 101 582 450 B1 discloses a direct-AC lighting apparatus that can be used in different electric power environments (namely 110 V AC voltage and 220 V AC voltage) specific to different countries or regions.
- the apparatus comprises two lighting circuitries.
- the proposed solution consists in the parallel-connection of the apparatus circuitries in case of the first supply voltage and in the series-connection of the apparatus circuitries in case of using the second supply voltage.
- the apparatus is not EN61000-3-2 compliant. No method or apparatus for decreasing the harmonic content is disclosed.
- the technical problem solved by the present invention is the decrease of the harmonic content of the currents sunk by direct AC power sources driving LED strings below the limits required by EN61000-3-2 standard.
- Apparatuses in Figures 5 , 8 , 9 and 10 are all compliant to EN61000-3-2 standard.
- Figure 5 exhibits the wiring diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public grid, according to the invention and comprising:
- the circuit element Z on which falls the minimum voltage required to bias the internal circuitry of the direct AC integrated power supply IC2, may be a resistor, a few volts reverse polarized zenner diode or even a forward biased LED.
- the LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 are successively and sequentially switched in by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2, and at the decrease of voltage U AB below the respective threshold voltages of LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 ,, after the successive and sequential switch out of the LED segments S 4 , S 3 , S 2 and complex segment S 1 by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, the LED segments S 1f4 , S 1f3 , S 1f2 and S 1f1 are successively and sequentially switched out by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2.
- I OUT1-IC2 18.3mA
- I OUT2-IC2 23.3mA
- I OUT3-IC2 28.3mA
- I OUT4-IC2 30mA
- the level of sunk current levels is determined, the number of LEDs consisting each LED segment S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 , so that the current sunk by the apparatus to vary in steps, approximately linearly over time, as seen in Figure 6 .
- the number of LEDs in each segment S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 resulting in the sunk current variation as shown in Figure 6 is: S 1f1 contains 15 LEDs, S 1f2 contains 18 LEDs, S 1f3 contains 9 LEDs, S 1f4 contains 6 LEDs and circuit element Z contains 1 single LED.
- the complex LED segment S 1 consists of four LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 as shown above is not unique, several divisions being possible, as well as several levels of set currents sunk by IC2; the frequency harmonics of sunk current given the variation indicated above are compliant to harmonic standard.
- Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device).
- the LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips.
- the LED segments may also contain other numbers of LEDs, including but not limited to an equal numbers of LEDs in each LED segment (except for complex LED segment S 1 ).
- the complex LED segment S 1 may include 54 LED chips divided in 4 LED segments S 1f1, S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 as following: LED segment S 1f1 includes 21 LEDs, and each of the following LED segments S 1f2 , S 1f3 and S 1f3 includes 10 LEDs, or all LED segments may include an equal number of LEDs.
- the AC grid voltage passes through zero. It is also considered that at the AB terminals it is applied a 230Vef and 50Hz sinusoidal AC voltage.
- the LEDs threshold voltage is about 2.8V and respectively the forward directional (anode to cathode) voltage drop at nominal current is about 3.2V.
- the apparatus does not sink any current from the grid.
- the U AB voltage over the threshold voltage of S 1f1 , through LEDs that constitute the segment S 1f1 it starts flowing a current determined by the voltage to current characteristic of the 15 LEDs constituting the segment S 1f1 ; the current flowing through the circuit closes to the ground via the internal current source of IC2 which is connected between its terminals I OUT1 and Rext, through the set resistor R2, through the internal current source of IC1 which is connected between its terminals I OUT1 and Rext and through the set resistor R1.
- the current passing through the circuit element Z also closes to the ground via the terminal I OUT1-IC1 , Rext and resistor R1 so the sum of the current flowing through the circuit element Z and 30mA will be limited to the first level set by IC1 which in this exemplary embodiment is 36.7mA.
- the primary direct AC power supply IC1 operates classically, successively sinking the current in well-established constant levels through the already switched in LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 that constitute the complex LED segment S 1 , as well as through the sequentially switched in LED segments S 2 -S 4 .
- the apparatus both successively switching out the LED segments as well as the LED segments that constitute the complex LED segment S 1 in reverse order, and sinking a descending current in the same well established constant levels and at the same well-established moments in time.
- Figure 6 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 5
- Figure 7 exhibits the frequency spectrum of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 5 where it is seen that its harmonics are lower than the limits set by EN61000-3-2
- Figure 8 exhibits a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a second preferred embodiment consisting of the scaling of the power supply in Figure 5 , according to the invention, having its complex LED segment S 1 divided into four LED segments.
- Figure 9 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a third preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public AC grid as an alternative example of scaling the power supply in Figure 5 , which differs from the wiring diagram shown in Figure 8 as follows:
- all LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 may have an equal number of LEDs.
- S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 may each have 14 LEDs; the number of LEDs in the LED segments is not limited to 14, it varies between 13 and 16 depending on the maximum grid voltage; thus, at rated power, the direct forward voltage drop for all the LEDs connected in series in the string has to be equal to or slightly smaller than the maximum, peak voltage, of the grid at nominal voltage.
- Figure 10 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a fourth preferred embodiment as an alternative example of scaling of the power supply in Figure 5 , which differs from the diagram in Figure 8 as follows:
- each of S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 can consist of 19 LEDs.
- the internal current sources of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC2 1 , IC2 2 ,..., IC2 n are connected to the taps between the first LED segment and the second LED segment, respectively between the second LED segment and the third LED segment, respectively between the third LED segment and the fourth LED segment, respectively between the fourth LED segment and the circuit element Z.
- the total number of the primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC1 1 , IC1 2 ,..., may differ from the total number of the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC2 1 , IC2 2 ,..., in all preferred embodiments depicted in Figures 8 , 9 and 10 .
- circuit element Z is connected between the last LED segment driven by the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (I OUT4 in that case) and their ground GND pin, together with the first terminal of the set resistor of these secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits.
- the complex LED segment S 1 consists of three S 1f1 , S 1f2 ,S 1f3 or respectively two segments S 1f1 ,S 1f2 , although maximum performance is not achieved, the harmonic content of the current sunk remains in accordance with the EN61000-3-2 standard but the cost of the associated apparatuses is much lower given the possibility of using exclusively cheaper multichip packaged LEDs.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
Description
- The invention is defined by the independent claims and relates to LED lighting apparatuses driven directly from the public AC grid, wherein the harmonic content of the currents sunk from the public AC grid by the light emitting diodes is compliant with the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard. Some embodiments of the LED lighting apparatuses according to the invention have a parallel connection of multiple power supplies, in order to obtain higher power supplies compliant too with said harmonic standard.
- According to the present invention, hereinafter the term "LED" is the abbreviation of the light emitting diode and the term "Direct AC power supply" refers to a low power constant current integrated power supply.
- It should be appreciated, however, that the embodiments described below are illustrations of LED driving apparatuses used therein to give a concrete form to technical ideas of the invention, and the LED driving apparatuses of the invention are not specifically limited to the description below. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the members shown in claims attached hereto are not specifically limited to members in the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, any dimensions, materials, shapes and relative arrangements of the parts described in the embodiments are given as an example and not as a limitation.
- LED lighting technology is maturing fast, in the last 2 years becoming commercially available over 10 direct AC integrated circuits (abbreviated: IC). Direct AC technology is attractive because of its low cost, of its simplicity allowing the manufacturing of complete light engines on single printed circuit boards, because of lack of reactive components and due to its good electric parameters: high electrical efficiency (typically 90%) and good power factor (typically higher than 0.95).
- Since the power supplied by the available direct AC ICs does not exceed 20W, in order to achieve higher rated power it is known the scaling method, i.e. the parallel connection of several small power sources. When the harmonic content of currents sunk by the direct AC integrated power supplies exceeds the limits imposed by the harmonic standard (EN61000-3-2), the scaling method cannot be applied for powers higher than 25W.
Figure 1 exhibits the electric diagram of a LED light source driven by a 10W and 4 LED segments direct AC integrated power supply andFigure 2 exhibits the known method of scaling of several direct AC power sources in order to obtain higher-power sources.Figure 3 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus inFigure 1 andFigure 4 exhibits its harmonic content together with the individual harmonic limits, as they are set by the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard. Acknowledging the standard is only recommended for powers lower than 25W but is mandatory for powers higher than 25W, a lighting apparatus having a rated power higher than 25W and manufactured by simply scaling of any number of not compliant and low power direct AC integrated power sources, is still not compliant and not usable. The not compliant harmonic content is mainly due to the fact that given technological and practical reasons, the ratios of currents sunk by the integrated circuit from the grid is fixed, having the first step/current jump of higher value relative to next steps, which condition a relatively tight ratio of number of LEDs that make up each of the 4 LED segments. Each LED segment includes one LED device or a plurality of LED devices, which are connected to each other in series. Needless to say, a plurality of LED devices can be connected to each other in series inside a LED package as the LED segment. The time domain variation of current sunk by the direct AC integrated power supply as shown inFigure 3 is characteristic to a series of common, cheap and very popular integrated power supplies, characterized by the following currents ratio: IOUT1/IOUT2/IOUT3/IOUT4 = 61/77/94/100. - Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device). The LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips. In this embodiment, that fixed currents ratio requires the approximate number of LEDs of each constituent segment S1, ...,S4 as following: S1 contains about 55 LEDs, S2 contains about 18 LEDs, S3 contains about 16 LEDs and S4 contains about 6 LEDs. The example is not limitative, and the LED segments may also contain other combinations of numbers of LEDs.
- For a power of 10W, the set resistor R = 15 ohms is selected in accordance with the datasheet, and therefore the levels of sunk currents become: IOUT1= 36.7mA, IOUT2= 46.7mA, IOUT3= 56.7mA and IOUT4= 60.0mA.
- The fixed ratios of sunk currents (61/77/94/100) in conjunction with the high level of the first sunk current, requires on one hand the LED segment S1 to contain a large number of LEDs, which in turn determines the apparatus to start sinking current later, with a delay greater than 1.3ms from the zero crossing of sine grid voltage, and on the other hand, it makes the first step / current jump, corresponding to segment S1 to be much higher (about 3-fold) than the following steps/levels of sunk current; both effects (late entry into conduction and the first current step of higher value relative to next steps) contribute decisively to the increased levels of odd harmonics of the sunk current, thus exceeding the limits imposed by EN61000-3-2 standard.
- Document
US 2015/208474 A1 discloses a method of taking power with low-voltage bypass for supplying low-voltage power to an IC and an IC for AC direct driving LEDs, which is applicable to the method of taking power with low-voltage bypass. The method allows the increase of the number of LED segments by adding an associated IC for each new segment, and each LED segment is controlled independently of the other LED segments. A priori this method does not provide EN61000-3-2 harmonic compliance. Harmonic compliance might be achieved only by using five or more integrated circuits and carefully chosen resistors values. However, this method is totally different of the present claimed invention. -
Document DE 11 2014 002534 T5 refers to a LED lighting device capable to endure a supply voltage whose value is the double of the supply voltage value of a single integrated circuit/driver. Thus, the internal parts of the device are prevented from being damaged by an overvoltage. However, the device is not EN61000-3-2 compliant. - Document
EP2665341A1 discloses the general operating method of a LED direct AC integrated circuit driver. The LED segments connection/disconnection to/from the circuit is managed exclusively by the mains supply voltage, and not by the current sunk by the LEDs. The apparatus associated to the method does not meet EN61000-3-2 harmonic standards. Moreover, it does not meet EN55014 electro magnetic interferrence standard. - No method or apparatus for decreasing the harmonic content is disclosed.
-
KR 101 582 450 B1 - The technical problem solved by the present invention is the decrease of the harmonic content of the currents sunk by direct AC power sources driving LED strings below the limits required by EN61000-3-2 standard.
- The LED Lighting apparatuses according to the invention have the following advantages:
- allow manufacturing of EN61000-3-2 compliant power supplies by using non-compliant direct AC power supplies;
- allow-direct grid connection of apparatuses having the rated power higher than 25W
- exhibit high electric efficiency of over 90%;
- exhibit an improved, close to unity (0.995) power factor, higher than the power factor of known and not compliant topologies;
- decrease the time during which LEDs don't lit, when compared with the known and not compliant topologies;
- improve the flicker index when compared to the known direct AC not compliant integrated solutions;
- high power supplies can be manufactured on the same printed circuit board where the LEDs are placed, dramatically simplifying the production of the entire high power light engine;
- the life time of the power supply has the same order of magnitude to the lifetime of the LEDs;
- are unlimited scalable in power as they comply with the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard;
- are particularly cheap as they use specialized, low power integrated direct AC power supplies.
- Several embodiments of LED lighting apparatuses according to the invention are detailed below, in connection with the figures which represent:
-
Figure 1 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing a known light engine with the LED string driven by a 4 LED segments low power integrated direct AC power supply. -
Figure 2 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing the known scaling method, used to increase the rated power. -
Figure 3 : is a graph showing the time variation of the current sunk by the apparatus inFigure 1 . -
Figure 4 : is a graph showing the frequency spectrum of the current inFigure 3 . -
Figure 5 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a first preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus according to the invention, having seven LED segments. -
Figure 6 : is a graph showing the time domanin variation of the current sunk by the apparatus inFigure 5 . -
Figure 7 : is a graph showing the frequency spectrum of the current inFigure 6 . -
Figure 8 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a second preferred embodiment, consisting of the scaling of the power supply inFigure 5 according to the invention, having seven LED segments. -
Figure 9 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a third preferred embodiment as an alternative example of scaling of the power supply inFigure 5 , according to the invention, having six LED segments. -
Figure 10 : is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a fourth preferred embodiment as an alternative example of scaling of the power supply inFigure 5 , according to the invention, having five LED segments. - Apparatuses in
Figures 5 ,8 ,9 and10 are all compliant to EN61000-3-2 standard. -
Figure 5 exhibits the wiring diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public grid, according to the invention and comprising: - a bridge rectifier PR having a first input lead and a second input lead connected to a supply voltage UAB of the public AC grid, having a first output lead series connected to the anode of a series connected LED string, and a second output lead connected to the ground, the series connected LED string consisting, in order, of a first LED segment S1f1, a second LED segment S1f2, a third LED segment S1f3, a fourth LED segment S1f4, a circuit element Z, a fifth LED segment S2, a sixth LED segment S3 and a seventh LED segment S4, (wherein the LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3 and S1f4 form together a so-called "complex" LED segment S1; in other words, the complex LED segment S1 consists of the LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3 and S1f4),
- a primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1 for driving said LED string, whose internal current sources are connected respectively to the anode of the first LED of the fifth LED segment S2, respectively to the anode of the first LED of the sixth LED segment S3, respectively to the anode of the first LED of the seventh LED segment S4, respectively to the cathode of the last LED of the string (i.e. of the seventh LED segment S4, wherein the ground pin GND of the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, together with the first end of its current set resistor R1 are connected to ground,
- wherein at the increase of voltage UAB over the respective threshold voltages of the LED segments, the complex LED segment S1, the fifth LED segment S2, the sixth LED segment S3 and the seventh LED segment S4, are successively and sequentially switched in by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, and at the decrease of voltage UAB below the respective threshold voltages of the LED segments, the seventh LED segment S4, the sixth LED segment S3, the fifth LED segment S2 and the complex LED segment S1, are successively and sequentially switched out by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1
- the apparatus further comprising a secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2 whose internal current sources are connected to the taps between the first LED segment S1f1 and the second LED segment S1f2, respectively between the second LED segment S1f2 and the third LED segment S1f3, respectively between the third LED segment S1f3 and the fourth LED segment S1f4, respectively between the fourth LED segment S1f4 and the circuit element Z, where the ground GND pin of the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2, together with the first end of its current set resistor R2 are connected to the tap between the circuit element Z and the fifth LED segment S2.
- The circuit element Z, on which falls the minimum voltage required to bias the internal circuitry of the direct AC integrated power supply IC2, may be a resistor, a few volts reverse polarized zenner diode or even a forward biased LED.
- At the increase of voltage UAB over the respective threshold voltages of the LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4, before switching them in by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, the LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, and S1f4 are successively and sequentially switched in by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2, and at the decrease of voltage UAB below the respective threshold voltages of LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4,, after the successive and sequential switch out of the LED segments S4 , S3, S2 and complex segment S1 by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, the LED segments S1f4, S1f3, S1f2 and S1f1 are successively and sequentially switched out by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2.
- Considering the fixed ratios of sunk currents, for a 10W power supply the set resistor values are: R1 = 15 ohms and R2 = 30 ohms. These values ensure the maximum leap between any two consecutive sunk constant current levels is less than 10mA, meaning that it provides an quasi linear increasing set of currents IOUT1-IC2, IOUT2-IC2, IOUT3-IC2, IOUT4-IC2, IOUT1-IC1, IOUT2-IC1, IOUT3-IC1, IOUT4-IC1 sunk by the apparatus. The additional current levels corresponding to IC2 and set resistor R2 = 30 ohms are IOUT1-IC2 = 18.3mA, IOUT2-IC2 = 23.3mA, IOUT3-IC2 = 28.3mA and IOUT4-IC2 = 30mA, the initial IC1 levels remaining unchanged i.e. currents: IOUT1-IC1 = 36.7mA, IOUT2-IC1 = 46.7mA, IOUT3-IC1 = 56.7mA and IOUT4-IC1 = 60mA.
- After the level of sunk current levels are determined, it is selected the number of LEDs consisting each LED segment S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4, so that the current sunk by the apparatus to vary in steps, approximately linearly over time, as seen in
Figure 6 . The number of LEDs in each segment S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4 resulting in the sunk current variation as shown inFigure 6 is: S1f1 contains 15 LEDs, S1f2 contains 18 LEDs, S1f3 contains 9 LEDs, S1f4 contains 6 LEDs and circuit element Z contains 1 single LED. The fact that the complex LED segment S1 consists of four LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4 as shown above is not unique, several divisions being possible, as well as several levels of set currents sunk by IC2; the frequency harmonics of sunk current given the variation indicated above are compliant to harmonic standard. - Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device). The LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips.
- The LED driving apparatus wherein the complex LED segment S1 consists of four LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4, each including the indicated number of LEDs, is compliant to the current harmonic standard for IOUT4 = 30mA.
- The example is not limitative, as the LED segments may also contain other numbers of LEDs, including but not limited to an equal numbers of LEDs in each LED segment (except for complex LED segment S1). In another embodiment, the complex LED segment S1 may include 54 LED chips divided in 4 LED segments S1f1,S1f2, S1f3, S1f4 as following: LED segment S1f1 includes 21 LEDs, and each of the following LED segments S1f2, S1f3 and S1f3 includes 10 LEDs, or all LED segments may include an equal number of LEDs.
- It is considered that when connecting the supply voltage UAB at the AB terminals, the AC grid voltage passes through zero. It is also considered that at the AB terminals it is applied a 230Vef and 50Hz sinusoidal AC voltage. We reckon the LEDs threshold voltage is about 2.8V and respectively the forward directional (anode to cathode) voltage drop at nominal current is about 3.2V.
- By increasing the voltage UAB between 0 volts and up to 42V (the threshold voltage of LED segment S1f1 is 42V, 15LED x cca. 2.8V) the apparatus does not sink any current from the grid. By further increasing the UAB voltage over the threshold voltage of S1f1, through LEDs that constitute the segment S1f1 it starts flowing a current determined by the voltage to current characteristic of the 15 LEDs constituting the segment S1f1; the current flowing through the circuit closes to the ground via the internal current source of IC2 which is connected between its terminals IOUT1 and Rext, through the set resistor R2, through the internal current source of IC1 which is connected between its terminals IOUT1 and Rext and through the set resistor R1. As UAB voltage continues to increase, the current flowing through S1f1 segment also increases until it reaches the maximum value limit IOUT1-IC2 = 18.3mA of the internal current source. While the voltage UAB further increases, the current sunk by the apparatus stays constant and limited to those 18.3mA, meaning the forward voltage drop across LED segment S1f1 also stays constant. The voltage difference between UAB and the voltage forward directional voltage drop on LED segment S1f1 is found on IC2, across the terminals IOUT1 and GND. Thus, the variation (increase) of the UAB voltage translates into the variation (increase) of the voltage drop at the IC2 terminals. When the voltage drop at the IC2 terminals reaches the threshold voltage of LED segment S1f2 (about 50.4V, 18LED x 2.8V), through the LED segment S1f2 starts flowing a current passing through the internal current source of IC2 connected between the terminal IOUT2 and Rext, through resistor R2 and closing to the ground on the same route as the current sunk by IC2 through IOUT1. According to the internal configuration of IC, as the current sunk through the terminal IOUT2 increases, the current sunk through the terminal IOUT1 decreases by an equal amount so that at UAB voltage the current sunk by the terminal IOUT1 drops to zero. At the further increase of the UAB voltage the current flowing through the LED segments S1f1 and S1f2 of the complex LED segment S1, S1f1 and S1f2 now connected in series, increases up to the current level set and limited IOUT2, namely 23.3mA.
- At a further increase of the voltage UAB the current drawn by the apparatus stays constant, as well as the forward directional voltage drop at the terminals of the series connected LED segments S1f1 and S1f2, the voltage variation being found across the terminals IOUT2 and GND of IC2. As UAB voltage further increases, the LED segment S1f3 begins to lit, and then S1f4, similarly.
- Up to this point the operation of the apparatus is typical for the operation of a direct AC integrated power supply with 4 LED segments.
- At the further increase of the UAB voltage the forward directional voltage drop on the four series connected S1f1, S1f2, S1f3 and S1f4 stays constant, the variation of the voltage UAB being found in the variation of the voltage drop between the IOUT4 and GND terminals of IC2. When this voltage drop exceeds some 2,8V, the LED which forms the circuit element Z starts to conduct. The entry into conduction of the circuit element Z leads to the situation in which through the series connected S1f1, S1f2, S1f3 and S1f4 pass both the current set at 30mA by the IC plus the current flowing through the circuit element Z. The current passing through the circuit element Z also closes to the ground via the terminal IOUT1-IC1, Rext and resistor R1 so the sum of the current flowing through the circuit element Z and 30mA will be limited to the first level set by IC1 which in this exemplary embodiment is 36.7mA.
- At a further increase of UAB voltage the primary direct AC power supply IC1 operates classically, successively sinking the current in well-established constant levels through the already switched in LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S1f4 that constitute the complex LED segment S1, as well as through the sequentially switched in LED segments S2-S4.
- At the decrease of the UAB grid voltage the functioning occurs in reverse, the apparatus both successively switching out the LED segments as well as the LED segments that constitute the complex LED segment S1 in reverse order, and sinking a descending current in the same well established constant levels and at the same well-established moments in time.
-
Figure 6 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus inFigure 5 ,Figure 7 exhibits the frequency spectrum of the current sunk by the apparatus inFigure 5 where it is seen that its harmonics are lower than the limits set by EN61000-3-2, andFigure 8 exhibits a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a second preferred embodiment consisting of the scaling of the power supply inFigure 5 , according to the invention, having its complex LED segment S1 divided into four LED segments. By way of example, the commercial optimum number of integrated circuits needed to manufacture a 30W power supply is 4, a 60W power supply is 2x4=8 and a 90W power supply is 4x3=12; it stems from the fact that all direct AC power supply integrated circuits are identical and from the fact that the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits sunk a maximum current equal to between one third and a half of the maximum current sunk by the primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits. -
Figure 9 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a third preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public AC grid as an alternative example of scaling the power supply inFigure 5 , which differs from the wiring diagram shown inFigure 8 as follows: - the complex LED segment S1 consists of three LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3
- the circuit element Z is serially connected between the fourth LED segment S2 and the fifth LED segment S3
- As an example, for the wiring diagram in
Figure 9 , all LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S2, S3 and S4 may have an equal number of LEDs. As a preferred example (given by the large availability of the 50V direct forward bias voltage multichip LEDs packageing in a single capsule 14 LED junctions, but without limiting the invention only to this example), S1f1, S1f2, S1f3, S2, S3 and S4 may each have 14 LEDs; the number of LEDs in the LED segments is not limited to 14, it varies between 13 and 16 depending on the maximum grid voltage; thus, at rated power, the direct forward voltage drop for all the LEDs connected in series in the string has to be equal to or slightly smaller than the maximum, peak voltage, of the grid at nominal voltage. -
Figure 10 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a fourth preferred embodiment as an alternative example of scaling of the power supply inFigure 5 , which differs from the diagram inFigure 8 as follows: - the complex LED segment S1 consists of 2 LED segments S1f1, S1f2
- the circuit element Z is serially connected between the fourth LED segment S3 and the fifth LED segment S4
- As an example, for the diagram in
Figure 10 all LED segments S1f1, S1f2, S2, S3 and S4 can consist of an equal number of LEDs. As a preferred example (but without limiting the invention only to this example) each of S1f1, S1f2, S2, S3 and S4 can consist of 19 LEDs. - In the embodiments exhibited in
Figures 8 ,9 and10 , the internal current sources of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC21, IC22,..., IC2n are connected to the taps between the first LED segment and the second LED segment, respectively between the second LED segment and the third LED segment, respectively between the third LED segment and the fourth LED segment, respectively between the fourth LED segment and the circuit element Z. - The total number of the primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC11, IC12,..., may differ from the total number of the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC21, IC22,..., in all preferred embodiments depicted in
Figures 8 ,9 and10 . - All the embodiments presented in
Figures 8 ,9 and10 use the same operating mode as they were described for the embodiment inFigure 5 . - In all embodiments, circuit element Z is connected between the last LED segment driven by the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IOUT4 in that case) and their ground GND pin, together with the first terminal of the set resistor of these secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits.
- It should be apparent to those with an ordinary skill in art that while various preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it is contemplated that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the inventive concepts and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, and which are suitable for all modifications and changes falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the apprehended claims. The advantage that the complex LED segment S1 consists of four segments S1f1,S1f2, S1f3,S1f4 is obtaining maximum performances in terms of the harmonic content of the current sunk; namely, the harmonic content of the current sunk is the lowest possible.
- In the embodiments where the complex LED segment S1 consists of three S1f1, S1f2,S1f3 or respectively two segments S1f1,S1f2, although maximum performance is not achieved, the harmonic content of the current sunk remains in accordance with the EN61000-3-2 standard but the cost of the associated apparatuses is much lower given the possibility of using exclusively cheaper multichip packaged LEDs.
Claims (5)
- LED lighting apparatus driven directly from the public AC grid, comprising:- a bridge rectifier (PR) having a first input lead and a second input lead configured to be connected
to a supply voltage (UAB) of the public AC grid, having a first output lead series connected to an anode of a series connected LED string, and a second output lead connected to ground,- the series connected LED string consisting, in order, of a first LED segment (S1f1 ), a second LED segment (S1f2 ), a third LED segment (S1f3 ), a fourth LED segment (S1f4 ), a circuit element (Z), a fifth LED segment (S2 ), a sixth LED segment (S3 ) and a seventh LED segment (S4 ),- at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) having: a first internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the fifth LED segment (S2 ), a second internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the sixth LED segment (S3 ), a third internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the seventh LED segment (S4 ), a fourth internal current source connected to a cathode of a last LED constituent of the seventh LED segment (S4 ),- each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being provided with:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ),wherein the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) together with the first end of its respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,...,R1n ) are connected to the ground,- each primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first four LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 , S1f3 , S1f4 ), the fifth LED segment (S2 ), the sixth LED segment (S3 ) and the seventh LED segment (S4 ), and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the seventh LED segment (S4 ), the sixth LED segment (S3 ), the fifth LED segment (S2 ), and the first four LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 , S1f3 , S1f4 ),- at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) being provided with:characterized in that:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective secondary current set resistor (R21, R22,..., R2n), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective secondary current set resistor (R21, R22,..., R2n),- each secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first LED segment (S1f1 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ), the third LED segment (S1f3 ) and the fourth LED segment (S1f4 ) and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the fourth LED segment (S1f4 ), the third LED segment (S1f3 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the first LED segment (S1f1 ),- each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) has: a first internal current source connected to a tap between the first LED segment (S1f1 ) and the second LED segment (S1f2 ), a second internal current source connected to a tap between the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the third LED segment (S1f3), a third internal current source connected to a tap between the third LED segment (S1f3)and the fourth LED segment (S1f4), a fourth internal current source connected to a tap between the fourth LED segment (S1f4) and the circuit element (Z),- the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21, IC22,..., IC2n) together with the first end of its respective secondary current set resistor (R21, R22,..., R2n) are connected together to a tap between the circuit element (Z) and the fifth LED segment (S2). - LED lighting apparatus driven directly from the public AC grid, comprising:- a bridge rectifier (PR) having a first input lead and a second input lead configured to be Z connected
to a supply voltage (UAB ) of the public AC grid, having a first output lead series connected to an anode of a series connected LED string, and a second output lead connected to ground,- the series connected LED string consisting, in order, of a first LED segment (S1f1 ), a second LED segment (S1f2 ), a third LED segment (S1f3 ), a fourth LED segment (S2 ), a circuit element (Z), a fifth LED segment (S3 ), and a sixth LED segment (S4 ),- at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) having: a first internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the fourth LED segment (S2 ), a second internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the fiftth LED segment (S3 ), a third internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the sixth LED segment (S4 ), a fourth internal current source connected to a cathode of a last LED constituent of the sixth LED segment (S4 ),- each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being provided with:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ),wherein the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) together with the first end of its respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,...,R1n ) are connected to the ground,- each primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first three LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 , S1f3 ), the fourth LED segment (S2 ), the fifth LED segment (S3 ) and the sixth LED segment (S4 ), and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the sixth LED segment (S4 ), the fifth LED segment (S3 ), the fourth LED segment (S2 ), and the first three LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 , S1f3 ),- at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) being provided with:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective secondary current set resistor (R21 , R22,..., R2n), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective secondary current set resistor (R21, R22,..., R2n),- each secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first LED segment (S1f1 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ), the third LED segment (S1f3 ) and the fourth LED segment (S2 ) and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the fourth LED segment (S2 ), the third LED segment (S1f3 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the first LED segment (S1f1 ),characterized in that:- each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) has: a first internal current source connected to a tap between the first LED segment (S1f1 ) and the second LED segment (S1f2 ), a second internal current source connected to a tap between the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the third LED segment (S1f3 ), a third internal current source connected to a tap between the third LED segment (S1f3 )and the fourth LED segment (S2 ), a fourth internal current source connected to a tap between the fourth LED segment (S2 ) and the circuit element (Z),- the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) together with the first end of its respective secondary current set resistor (R21 , R22,..., R2n) are connected together to a tap between the circuit element (Z) and the fifth LED segment (S3 ). - LED lighting apparatus driven directly from the public AC grid, comprising:- a bridge rectifier (PR) having a first input lead and a second input lead configured to be connected
to a supply voltage (UAB ) of the public AC grid, having a first output lead series connected to an anode of a series connected LED string, and a second output lead connected to ground,- the series connected LED string consisting, in order, of a first LED segment (S1f1 ), a second LED segment (S1f2 ), a third LED segment (S2 ), a fourth LED segment (S3 ), a circuit element (Z), and a fifth LED segment (S4 ),- at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) having: a first internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the third LED segment (S2 ), a second internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the fourth LED segment (S3 ), a third internal current source connected to an anode of a first LED constituent of the fifth LED segment (S4 ), a fourth internal current source connected to a cathode of a last LED constituent of the fifth LED segment (S4 ),- each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being provided with:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,..., R1n ),wherein the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) together with the first end of its respective primary current set resistor (R11 , R12 ,...,R1n) are connected to the ground,- each primary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC11 , IC12 ,..., IC1n ) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first two LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 ), the third LED segment (S2 ), the fourth LED segment (S3 ) and the fifth LED segment (S4 ), and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the fifth LED segment (S4 ), the fourth LED segment (S3 ), the third LED segment (S2 ) and the first two LED segments (S1f1 , S1f2 ),- at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) for driving said LED string, each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) being provided with:a ground pin (GND) connected to a first end of a respective secondary current set resistor (R21 , R22 ,..., R2n ), andwith a current set pin (REXT ) connected to a second end of said respective secondary current set resistor (R21 , R22 ,..., R2n ),- each secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuit (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n ) being configured to successively and sequentially switch in the first LED segment (S1f1 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ), the third LED segment (S2 ) and the fourth LED segment (S3 ), and also being configured to successively and sequentially switch out the fourth LED segment (S3 ), the third LED segment (S2 ), the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the first LED segment (S1f1 ),characterized in that:- each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21 , IC22 ,..., IC2n) has: a first internal current source connected to a tap between the first LED segment (S1f1 ) and the second LED segment (S1f2 ), a second internal current source connected to a tap between the second LED segment (S1f2 ) and the third LED segment (S2 ), a third internal current source connected to a tap between the third LED segment (S2 ) and the fourth LED segment (S3 ), a fourth internal current source connected to a tap between the fourth LED segment (S3 ) and the circuit element (Z),- the ground pin (GND) of each of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21, IC22 ,..., IC2n) together with the first end of its respective secondary current set resistor (R21 , R22 ,..., R2n ) are connected together to a tap between the circuit element (Z) and the fifth LED segment (S4). - LED lighting apparatus according to any of the claims 1 - 3, wherein the total number of the primary AC power supply integrated circuits (IC11 , IC12 ,...,IC1n ) may differ from the total number of secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (IC21 , IC22 ...,IC2n ).
- LED lighting apparatus according to any of the claims 1 - 4, wherein the circuit element (Z) is a resistor, or a reverse polarized Zener diode, or a forward biased LED.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RO2016/000014 WO2017176141A1 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2016-04-05 | Method of reducing the harmonic content of the currents sunk by led strings driven by an integrated "direct ac" power supply and apparatuses associated to the method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3440892A1 EP3440892A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
EP3440892B1 true EP3440892B1 (en) | 2022-01-12 |
Family
ID=56194542
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16731678.5A Active EP3440892B1 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2016-04-05 | Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3440892B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109156056B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017176141A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101582450B1 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-01-21 | 주식회사 실리콘웍스 | Lighting apparatus |
DE112014002534T5 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2016-03-31 | Silicon Works Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode illumination device |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9398656B2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2016-07-19 | Beijing EffiLED Opto-Electronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Device and method for driving an LED light |
CN103209506B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2015-02-18 | 合肥云杉光电科技有限公司 | Low-voltage bypass electricity taking method for alternating current direct driving light-emitting diode (LED) and integrated circuit |
CN104780646B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2018-06-05 | 四川新力光源股份有限公司 | A kind of LED drive circuit for supporting controllable silicon light modulation |
-
2016
- 2016-04-05 CN CN201680085920.5A patent/CN109156056B/en active Active
- 2016-04-05 WO PCT/RO2016/000014 patent/WO2017176141A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-04-05 EP EP16731678.5A patent/EP3440892B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112014002534T5 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2016-03-31 | Silicon Works Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode illumination device |
KR101582450B1 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-01-21 | 주식회사 실리콘웍스 | Lighting apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109156056B (en) | 2020-10-30 |
CN109156056A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
EP3440892A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
WO2017176141A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8299724B2 (en) | AC LED lamp involving an LED string having separately shortable sections | |
CN202759632U (en) | Drive circuit and lighting device of light emitting diode | |
WO2011096585A1 (en) | Led drive circuit | |
US20130293122A1 (en) | Reduced Flicker AC LED Lamp With Separately Shortable Sections Of An LED String | |
CN106605448B (en) | Lighting device | |
US20110266963A1 (en) | Voltage-limiting and reverse polarity series type LED device | |
US9713207B2 (en) | Driver module for driving LEDs | |
JP2009170913A (en) | Bi-directional light emitting diode drive circuit in power parallel resonance | |
US8164273B1 (en) | Light emitting diode circuits for general lighting | |
RU2550499C2 (en) | Light source with regulated luminous power and colour temperature shift | |
WO2018024035A1 (en) | Indicating circuit for switching power supply, and using method therefor | |
WO2014065865A1 (en) | Apparatus and method of operation of a low-current led lighting circuit | |
CN107404786A (en) | Lighting device and ligthing paraphernalia | |
EP3440892B1 (en) | Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid | |
US20100315014A1 (en) | LED light string | |
JP2011198561A (en) | Led drive circuit | |
JP5441745B2 (en) | LED drive circuit | |
TWI639294B (en) | Method and apparatus for providing supplemental power in a led driver | |
KR102654416B1 (en) | light emitting diode lighting device | |
Zhang et al. | Daisy-chain transformer structure for current-balancing multiple LED strings | |
WO2013138111A2 (en) | Systems and methods for constant illumination and color control of light emission diodes in a polyphase system | |
WO2017165787A1 (en) | Multi-use driver circuits | |
CN210986513U (en) | Power supply state indicating device of alternating current power supply | |
CN104080238A (en) | Current-limiting LED light source module | |
EP3358911B1 (en) | Light emitting diode system with light signals carried via power lines |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20181009 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20190812 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 602016068292 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: H05B0033080000 Ipc: H05B0045480000 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H05B 45/48 20200101AFI20210726BHEP Ipc: H05B 45/36 20200101ALI20210726BHEP Ipc: H05B 45/355 20200101ALI20210726BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210816 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602016068292 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1463223 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20220215 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20220112 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1463223 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220512 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220412 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220413 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220512 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602016068292 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20221013 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220412 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20220430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220405 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220412 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220405 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20230420 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: BG Payment date: 20230420 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20160405 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220112 |