EP3432451A1 - Coil with covering strip made from high performance material - Google Patents

Coil with covering strip made from high performance material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3432451A1
EP3432451A1 EP17182603.5A EP17182603A EP3432451A1 EP 3432451 A1 EP3432451 A1 EP 3432451A1 EP 17182603 A EP17182603 A EP 17182603A EP 3432451 A1 EP3432451 A1 EP 3432451A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
layers
shroud
mica tape
fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17182603.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3432451B1 (en
Inventor
Florian Schemmel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Mobility GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to ES17182603T priority Critical patent/ES2892753T3/en
Priority to EP17182603.5A priority patent/EP3432451B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/067038 priority patent/WO2019015921A1/en
Priority to CN201880048322.XA priority patent/CN110999036B/en
Priority to US16/632,583 priority patent/US20200244129A1/en
Publication of EP3432451A1 publication Critical patent/EP3432451A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/10—Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors
    • H02K15/105—Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors to the windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges

Definitions

  • the present invention is further based on an electrical machine, wherein the electric machine comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator stator slots, in which a stator winding is introduced, wherein the stator winding comprises coils, wherein at least one of the coils as a coil as above is formed described.
  • the present invention is further based on an electric drive, wherein the drive has such an electrical machine, a converter and a control device for the inverter, wherein the electrical machine of the control device via the inverter to a supply voltage can be connected, which is greater than 1 kV is, in particular greater than 1.5 kV, for example up to 4.5 kV.
  • the present invention is further based on a rail vehicle, wherein the rail vehicle as a traction drive has such an electric drive.
  • one or more layers of mica tape are applied to the coils of the stator winding for main insulation. This is done inter alia to increase the moisture resistance and the thermal class of the coil. Especially in electric machines that act as traction drive used by rail vehicles, this structure is additionally protected by a layer of a fabric shroud from mechanical influences. The fabric shroud has only a mechanical protection function. The wet resistance and the thermal class of the main insulation, however, are significantly determined by the number of layers of mica tape. If a certain number of layers of the mica tape do not have the required properties, the number of layers of the mica tape is increased. As an alternative to an increase in the number of layers of mica tape, it is further known to additionally insert insulating film strips between the layers of mica tape.
  • the film tapes consist in some cases of a polyimide. The film tapes are pure films without reinforcement by a fabric.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide options by means of which coils, electric machines and drives can be created in a simple and cost-effective manner, which are particularly suitable for use in traction drives.
  • a coil of the aforementioned type is configured in that the fabric consists of a glass fiber or of a first high-performance polymer and the film consists of a second high-performance polymer.
  • the fabric consists of a glass fiber.
  • the first high performance polymer is preferably an aramid.
  • the second high-performance polymer is preferably a polyimide.
  • the fabric is remote from the layers of the mica tape and, correspondingly, the film faces the layers of the mica tape.
  • the reverse layer sequence is possible.
  • the coil is formed as a flat coil.
  • the coil may be formed as a three-dimensional shaping coil.
  • the layers (or layers) it is possible in principle to apply the layers (or layers) to mica tape after the shaping process of the coil. For manufacturing reasons, however, it is considerably easier if the coil is first wound as a plane coil, then wound with the layers of mica tape and the layers of the shroud and only then is formed into a three-dimensional forming coil. In this case, the layers of the mica tape with each other and / or the layers of the shroud mutually shifts against each other, as by such a process (ie, a shape after winding with the layers of mica tape and shroud) arise.
  • At least one of the coils is formed according to the invention in an electrical machine of the type mentioned.
  • an electric drive with the features of claim 8.
  • the electric machine of the electric drive is designed according to the invention.
  • the object is further achieved by a rail vehicle with the features of claim 9.
  • the rail vehicle as traction drive on an electric drive according to the invention.
  • a rail vehicle 1 for example, an electric locomotive
  • the Traction drive 2 is according to FIG. 1 supplied via a catenary 3 with electrical energy.
  • a catenary 3 with electrical energy.
  • it is also another type of supply conceivable, for example via a diesel engine that drives an electric generator.
  • the traction drive 2 is an example of an electric drive.
  • the present invention will be explained below.
  • the electric drive could also be used for other purposes.
  • only the designation "drive” will be generally used and further the reference numeral 2 will be used.
  • the electric drive 2 has according to FIG. 2 an electric machine 4, a converter 5 and a control device 6 for the inverter 5.
  • the inverter 5 is further preceded by a rectifier 7. However, this is not mandatory. From the control device 6, the electric machine 4 via the inverter 5 to a supply voltage U can be switched on. If the rectifier 7 is present and can be controlled, the control of the rectifier 7 is generally also carried out by the control device 6.
  • the supply voltage U - ie the voltage which is applied to the motor terminals of the electric machine 4 - is often greater than 1 kV. It may even be greater than 1.5 kV, for example between 2 kV and 3 kV. In some cases, it can be up to 4.5 kV.
  • the electric machine has according to FIG. 3 a stator 8 and a rotor 9.
  • the rotor 9 is rotatably mounted on a rotor shaft 10, which in turn is rotatable about a rotation axis.
  • the stator 8 has according to the 3 and 4 Statornuten 11 on.
  • a stator winding 12 in the stator 11 is a stator winding 12 (see FIG. 3 ) brought in.
  • the stator winding 12 has coils 13 (see FIG. 4 ), where in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity, only one of the coils 13 is shown.
  • the embodiment of the coil 13 is the actual subject of the present invention.
  • the coil 13 is according to FIG. 5 of a number of windings 14.
  • the windings 14 are usually made of copper. In any case, the windings 14 are provided with a non-specifically illustrated electrical insulation, such as a protective coating.
  • the number of turns 14 may be as needed. In the FIG. 5 shown number of four turns 14 is purely exemplary.
  • the windings 14 are according to FIG. 5 - And not individually, but together - wound with a number of layers of a mica tape 15.
  • the number of layers of the mica tape 15 may be 1. Often it is greater than 1.
  • the in FIG. 5 however, the number of two layers shown is purely exemplary.
  • the number of layers of the shroud 16 may be greater than 1. As a rule, however, only one layer is wound on shroud 16.
  • the shroud 16 is usually the outermost layer of the finished coil 13. After winding the coil 13 with the shroud 16 so the finished coil 13 is inserted into the stator 9 or more precisely in two of the stator 11.
  • the mica tape 15 should have the highest possible flexibility and the lowest possible coefficient of static friction between the upper side and the lower side.
  • the flexural strength according to IEC EN ISO 8295 (as of 2004) should be less than 50 N / m.
  • the static friction coefficient (defined in the same standard) should be less than 0.7.
  • suitable mica tapes are RikaFibrel E364N and RikaFibrel E464N from the Nippon Rika Group.
  • the shroud 16 is according to the FIGS. 6 to 8 formed as a laminate, which has a sequence of two layers 17, 18.
  • the fabric 17 faces away from the layers of the mica tape 15 and, correspondingly, the film 18 faces the layers of the mica tape 15. In principle, however, the reverse sequence of tissue 17 and 18 film is possible.
  • the fabric 17 is preferably made of a glass fiber. Alternatively, it may consist of a first high performance polymer.
  • the first high performance polymer may be a polyimide, but is preferably an aramid, especially a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid.
  • the film 18 is made of a second high performance polymer.
  • the second high performance polymer may be an aramid, especially a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid.
  • the second high performance polymer is a polyimide.
  • An example of a suitable shroud 16 is Voltaflex GK2797 from Isovolta AG.
  • the coil 13 is a substantially flat coil. Often, however, the coil 13 is as in FIG. 4 is recognizable, designed as a three-dimensional shape coil.
  • step S1 a flat coil wound.
  • step S1 a flat coil wound.
  • step S2D The plane coil is purely exemplary in FIG. 10 shown.
  • step S2 the layers of mica tape 15 and shroud 16 are applied to the planar coil, that is to say prior to deformation to the shaping coil.
  • step S3 the already wound flat coil is formed into a three-dimensional shaping coil. This is indicated in step S3 by the indication "3D”.
  • the layers of the mica tape 15 shift with each other and / or the layers of the shroud 16 against each other.
  • the innermost layer of the shroud 16 adjoining the outermost layer of the mica tape 15 also shifts against each other.
  • the displacements are a constructive feature of the coils 13 resulting from the manufacturing process.
  • the present invention has many advantages.
  • the shroud 16 due to the design of the shroud 16 as a combination of a fabric 17 and a film 18, the wetting resistance and the temperature index are improved without requiring an additional layer of mica tape 15.
  • the mechanical protection is improved. Due to the materials used, a thermal class of 200 ° C or better can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

Eine Spule (13) einer Statorwicklung (12) einer elektrischen Maschine (4) besteht aus einer Anzahl von Windungen (14), die gemeinsam mit einer Anzahl von Schichten eines Glimmerbandes (15) bewickelt sind, auf die wiederum eine Anzahl von Schichten eines Deckbandes (16) gewickelt ist. Das Deckband (16) weist eine Abfolge von zwei Schichten 17, 18 auf. Je eine dieser beiden Schichten 17, 18 ist ein Gewebe (17) und eine Folie (18). Das Gewebe (17) besteht aus einer Glasfaser oder aus einem ersten Hochleistungspolymer. Die Folie (18) besteht aus einem zweiten Hochleistungspolymer.

Figure imgaf001
A coil (13) of a stator winding (12) of an electrical machine (4) consists of a number of turns (14) co-wound with a number of layers of mica tape (15), in turn comprising a number of layers of shroud (16) is wound. The shroud (16) has a sequence of two layers 17, 18. Each of these two layers 17, 18 is a fabric (17) and a film (18). The fabric (17) consists of a glass fiber or a first high-performance polymer. The film (18) consists of a second high-performance polymer.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht aus von einer Spule einer Statorwicklung einer elektrischen Maschine,

  • wobei die Spule aus einer Anzahl von Windungen besteht, die gemeinsam mit einer Anzahl von Schichten eines Glimmerbandes bewickelt sind, auf die wiederum eine Anzahl von Schichten eines Deckbandes gewickelt ist,
  • wobei das Deckband eine Abfolge von zwei Schichten aufweist, wobei je eine dieser beiden Schichten ein Gewebe und eine Folie ist.
The present invention is based on a coil of a stator winding of an electrical machine,
  • the coil consisting of a number of turns co-wound with a number of layers of mica tape on which in turn a number of layers of a shroud are wound,
  • wherein the shroud comprises a sequence of two layers, wherein each one of these two layers is a fabric and a film.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht weiterhin aus von einer elektrischen Maschine, wobei die elektrische Maschine einen Stator und einen Rotor aufweist, wobei der Stator Statornuten aufweist, in die eine Statorwicklung eingebracht ist, wobei die Statorwicklung Spulen aufweist, wobei mindestens eine der Spulen als Spule wie obenstehend beschrieben ausgebildet ist.The present invention is further based on an electrical machine, wherein the electric machine comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator stator slots, in which a stator winding is introduced, wherein the stator winding comprises coils, wherein at least one of the coils as a coil as above is formed described.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht weiterhin aus von einem elektrischen Antrieb, wobei der Antrieb eine derartige elektrische Maschine, einen Umrichter und eine Steuereinrichtung für den Umrichter aufweist, wobei die elektrische Maschine von der Steuereinrichtung über den Umrichter an eine Versorgungsspannung anschaltbar ist, die größer als 1 kV ist, insbesondere größer als 1,5 kV, beispielsweise bis zu 4,5 kV.The present invention is further based on an electric drive, wherein the drive has such an electrical machine, a converter and a control device for the inverter, wherein the electrical machine of the control device via the inverter to a supply voltage can be connected, which is greater than 1 kV is, in particular greater than 1.5 kV, for example up to 4.5 kV.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht weiterhin aus von einem Schienenfahrzeug, wobei das Schienenfahrzeug als Traktionsantrieb einen derartigen elektrischen Antrieb aufweist.The present invention is further based on a rail vehicle, wherein the rail vehicle as a traction drive has such an electric drive.

Bei elektrischen Maschinen werden auf die Spulen der Statorwicklung zur Hauptisolation eine oder mehrere Lagen an Glimmerband aufgebracht. Dies erfolgt unter anderem, um die Nässeresistenz und die Wärmeklasse der Spule zu steigern. Insbesondere bei elektrischen Maschinen, die als Traktionsantrieb von Schienenfahrzeugen verwendet werden, wird dieser Aufbau zusätzlich durch eine Lage eines Gewebe-Deckbandes vor mechanischen Einflüssen geschützt. Das Gewebe-Deckband weist ausschließlich eine mechanische Schutzfunktion auf. Die Nässeresistenz und die Wärmeklasse der Hauptisolierung werden hingegen maßgeblich durch die Anzahl an Lagen an Glimmerband bestimmt. Wenn eine bestimmte Anzahl an Lagen des Glimmerbandes die erforderlichen Eigenschaften nicht aufweist, wird die Anzahl an Lagen des Glimmerbandes erhöht. Alternativ zu einer Erhöhung der Anzahl an Lagen von Glimmerband ist es weiterhin bekannt, zwischen die Lagen an Glimmerband zusätzlich isolierende Folienbänder einzulegen. Die Folienbänder bestehen in manchen Fällen aus einem Polyimid. Bei den Folienbändern handelt es sich um reine Folien ohne Verstärkung durch ein Gewebe.In electrical machines, one or more layers of mica tape are applied to the coils of the stator winding for main insulation. This is done inter alia to increase the moisture resistance and the thermal class of the coil. Especially in electric machines that act as traction drive used by rail vehicles, this structure is additionally protected by a layer of a fabric shroud from mechanical influences. The fabric shroud has only a mechanical protection function. The wet resistance and the thermal class of the main insulation, however, are significantly determined by the number of layers of mica tape. If a certain number of layers of the mica tape do not have the required properties, the number of layers of the mica tape is increased. As an alternative to an increase in the number of layers of mica tape, it is further known to additionally insert insulating film strips between the layers of mica tape. The film tapes consist in some cases of a polyimide. The film tapes are pure films without reinforcement by a fabric.

In beiden Fällen - also sowohl bei der Erhöhung der Anzahl an Lagen an Glimmerband als auch bei der Verwendung von Folienbändern zwischen den Lagen an Glimmerband - erhöht sich der Fertigungsaufwand und erhöhen sich die Material- und Herstellungskosten.In both cases - ie both the increase in the number of layers of mica tape as well as the use of film strips between the layers of mica tape - increases the production cost and increase the material and manufacturing costs.

Bei normalen elektrischen Antrieben, die nicht zu Traktionszwecken verwendet werden, ist es weiterhin bekannt, auf die Lagen an Glimmerband zusätzlich eine Lage eines kombinierten Folie-Gewebe-Deckbandes aufzubringen. Sowohl die Folie als auch das Gewebe bestehen aus PET (Polyethylenterephthalat). Mit derartigen Folie-Gewebe-Deckbändern lässt sich eine Wärmeklasse von maximal 180°C erreichen.In normal electric drives, which are not used for traction purposes, it is also known to apply to the layers of mica tape additionally a layer of a combined film-fabric shroud. Both the film and the fabric are made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate). With such film-fabric shrouds, a heat class of a maximum of 180 ° C can be achieved.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung zu stellen, mittels derer auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise Spulen, elektrische Maschinen und Antriebe geschaffen werden können, die insbesondere für eine Verwendung bei Traktionsantrieben geeignet sind.The object of the present invention is to provide options by means of which coils, electric machines and drives can be created in a simple and cost-effective manner, which are particularly suitable for use in traction drives.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Spule mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Spule sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 6.The object is achieved by a coil having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the coil are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 6.

Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Spule der eingangs genannten Art dadurch ausgestaltet, dass das Gewebe aus einer Glasfaser oder aus einem ersten Hochleistungspolymer besteht und die Folie aus einem zweiten Hochleistungspolymer besteht.According to the invention, a coil of the aforementioned type is configured in that the fabric consists of a glass fiber or of a first high-performance polymer and the film consists of a second high-performance polymer.

In der Regel ist bevorzugt, dass das Gewebe aus einer Glasfaser besteht. Falls das Gewebe aus dem ersten Hochleistungspolymer besteht, ist das erste Hochleistungspolymer vorzugsweise ein Aramid. Das zweite Hochleistungspolymer ist hingegen vorzugsweise ein Polyimid.As a rule, it is preferred that the fabric consists of a glass fiber. If the fabric is the first high performance polymer, the first high performance polymer is preferably an aramid. On the other hand, the second high-performance polymer is preferably a polyimide.

In der Regel ist das Gewebe von den Schichten des Glimmerbandes abgewandt und hiermit korrespondierend die Folie den Schichten des Glimmerbandes zugewandt. Prinzipiell ist aber auch die umgekehrte Schichtenfolge möglich.As a rule, the fabric is remote from the layers of the mica tape and, correspondingly, the film faces the layers of the mica tape. In principle, however, the reverse layer sequence is possible.

Es ist möglich, dass die Spule als flache Spule ausgebildet ist. Alternativ kann die Spule als dreidimensionale Formspule ausgebildet sein.It is possible that the coil is formed as a flat coil. Alternatively, the coil may be formed as a three-dimensional shaping coil.

Im Falle einer dreidimensionalen Formspule ist es prinzipiell möglich, die Schichten (oder Lagen) an Glimmerband nach dem Formgebungsprozess der Spule aufzubringen. Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ist es jedoch erheblich einfacher, wenn die Spule zunächst als plane Spule gewickelt wird, dann mit den Schichten des Glimmerbandes und den Schichten des Deckbandes bewickelt wird und erst danach zur dreidimensionalen Formspule geformt wird. In diesem Fall weisen die Schichten des Glimmerbandes untereinander und/oder die Schichten des Deckbandes untereinander Verschiebungen gegeneinander auf, wie sie durch einen derartigen Prozess (also eine Formgebung nach dem Bewickeln mit den Schichten an Glimmerband und Deckband) entstehen.In the case of a three-dimensional shaping coil, it is possible in principle to apply the layers (or layers) to mica tape after the shaping process of the coil. For manufacturing reasons, however, it is considerably easier if the coil is first wound as a plane coil, then wound with the layers of mica tape and the layers of the shroud and only then is formed into a three-dimensional forming coil. In this case, the layers of the mica tape with each other and / or the layers of the shroud mutually shifts against each other, as by such a process (ie, a shape after winding with the layers of mica tape and shroud) arise.

Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch eine elektrische Maschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist bei einer elektrischen Maschine der eingangs genannten Art mindestens eine der Spulen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildet.The object is further achieved by an electric machine with the features of claim 7. According to the invention, at least one of the coils is formed according to the invention in an electrical machine of the type mentioned.

Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch einen elektrischen Antrieb mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist die elektrische Maschine des elektrischen Antriebs erfindungsgemäß ausgebildet.The object is further achieved by an electric drive with the features of claim 8. According to the invention, the electric machine of the electric drive is designed according to the invention.

Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Schienenfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Schienenfahrzeug als Traktionsantrieb einen erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Antrieb auf.The object is further achieved by a rail vehicle with the features of claim 9. According to the invention, the rail vehicle as traction drive on an electric drive according to the invention.

Die oben beschriebenen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung sowie die Art und Weise, wie diese erreicht werden, werden klarer und deutlicher verständlich im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele, die in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Hierbei zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

FIG 1
ein Schienenfahrzeug,
FIG 2
einen elektrischen Antrieb
FIG 3
eine elektrische Maschine,
FIG 4
einen Stator einer elektrischen Maschine und eine Spule,
FIG 5
einen Querschnitt durch eine Spule,
FIG 6
eine Abfolge von Schichten von Bändern,
FIG 7
eine Draufsicht auf eine Oberseite eines Deckbandes,
FIG 8
eine Draufsicht auf eine Unterseite eines Deckbandes,
FIG 9
ein Ablaufdiagramm und
FIG 10
eine plane Spule.
The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which will be described in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. Here are shown in a schematic representation:
FIG. 1
a rail vehicle,
FIG. 2
an electric drive
FIG. 3
an electric machine,
FIG. 4
a stator of an electric machine and a coil,
FIG. 5
a cross section through a coil,
FIG. 6
a sequence of layers of ribbons,
FIG. 7
a top view of an upper side of a shroud,
FIG. 8
a top view of an underside of a shroud,
FIG. 9
a flow chart and
FIG. 10
a plane coil.

Gemäß FIG 1 weist ein Schienenfahrzeug 1 (beispielsweise eine Elektrolok) mindestens einen Traktionsantrieb 2 auf. Der Traktionsantrieb 2 wird gemäß FIG 1 über eine Oberleitung 3 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Es ist jedoch auch eine andere Art der Versorgung denkbar, beispielsweise über einen Dieselantrieb, der einen elektrischen Generator antreibt.According to FIG. 1 a rail vehicle 1 (for example, an electric locomotive) has at least one traction drive 2. The Traction drive 2 is according to FIG. 1 supplied via a catenary 3 with electrical energy. However, it is also another type of supply conceivable, for example via a diesel engine that drives an electric generator.

Der Traktionsantrieb 2 ist ein Beispiel eines elektrischen Antriebs. In Verbindung mit dem Traktionsantrieb 2 wird die vorliegende Erfindung nachstehend erläutert. Der elektrische Antrieb könnte jedoch auch für andere Zwecke verwendet werden. Nachstehend werden daher nur allgemein die Bezeichnung "Antrieb" verwendet und weiterhin das Bezugszeichen 2 verwendet.The traction drive 2 is an example of an electric drive. In connection with the traction drive 2, the present invention will be explained below. However, the electric drive could also be used for other purposes. Hereinafter, therefore, only the designation "drive" will be generally used and further the reference numeral 2 will be used.

Der elektrische Antrieb 2 weist gemäß FIG 2 eine elektrische Maschine 4, einen Umrichter 5 und eine Steuereinrichtung 6 für den Umrichter 5 auf. In vielen Fällen ist dem Umrichter 5 weiterhin ein Gleichrichter 7 vorgeordnet. Dies ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich. Von der Steuereinrichtung 6 ist die elektrische Maschine 4 über den Umrichter 5 an eine Versorgungsspannung U anschaltbar. Falls der Gleichrichter 7 vorhanden ist und steuerbar ist, erfolgt die Steuerung des Gleichrichters 7 in der Regel ebenfalls durch die Steuereinrichtung 6.The electric drive 2 has according to FIG. 2 an electric machine 4, a converter 5 and a control device 6 for the inverter 5. In many cases, the inverter 5 is further preceded by a rectifier 7. However, this is not mandatory. From the control device 6, the electric machine 4 via the inverter 5 to a supply voltage U can be switched on. If the rectifier 7 is present and can be controlled, the control of the rectifier 7 is generally also carried out by the control device 6.

Die Versorgungsspannung U - also diejenige Spannung, welche an die Motorklemmen der elektrischen Maschine 4 angelegt wird - ist oftmals größer als 1 kV. Sie kann sogar größer als 1,5 kV sein, beispielsweise zwischen 2 kV und 3 kV liegen. In manchen Fällen kann sie bis zu 4,5 kV betragen.The supply voltage U - ie the voltage which is applied to the motor terminals of the electric machine 4 - is often greater than 1 kV. It may even be greater than 1.5 kV, for example between 2 kV and 3 kV. In some cases, it can be up to 4.5 kV.

Die elektrische Maschine weist gemäß FIG 3 einen Stator 8 und einen Rotor 9 auf. Der Rotor 9 ist auf einer Rotorwelle 10 drehfest angeordnet, die ihrerseits um eine Rotationsachse rotierbar ist. Der Stator 8 weist gemäß den FIG 3 und 4 Statornuten 11 auf. In die Statornuten 11 ist eine Statorwicklung 12 (siehe FIG 3) eingebracht. Die Statorwicklung 12 weist Spulen 13 (siehe FIG 4) auf, wobei in FIG 4 der Übersichtlichkeit halber nur eine der Spulen 13 dargestellt ist.The electric machine has according to FIG. 3 a stator 8 and a rotor 9. The rotor 9 is rotatably mounted on a rotor shaft 10, which in turn is rotatable about a rotation axis. The stator 8 has according to the 3 and 4 Statornuten 11 on. In the stator 11 is a stator winding 12 (see FIG. 3 ) brought in. The stator winding 12 has coils 13 (see FIG. 4 ), where in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity, only one of the coils 13 is shown.

Die Ausgestaltung der Spule 13 ist der eigentliche Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.The embodiment of the coil 13 is the actual subject of the present invention.

Die Spule 13 besteht gemäß FIG 5 aus einer Anzahl von Windungen 14. Die Windungen 14 bestehen üblicherweise aus Kupfer. In jedem Fall aber sind die Windungen 14 mit einer nicht eigens dargestellten elektrischen Isolierung versehen, beispielsweise einem Schutzlack. Die Anzahl an Windungen 14 kann nach Bedarf sein. Die in FIG 5 dargestellte Anzahl von vier Windungen 14 ist rein beispielhaft.The coil 13 is according to FIG. 5 of a number of windings 14. The windings 14 are usually made of copper. In any case, the windings 14 are provided with a non-specifically illustrated electrical insulation, such as a protective coating. The number of turns 14 may be as needed. In the FIG. 5 shown number of four turns 14 is purely exemplary.

Die Windungen 14 sind gemäß FIG 5 - und zwar nicht einzeln, sondern gemeinsam - mit einer Anzahl von Schichten eines Glimmerbandes 15 bewickelt. Die Anzahl an Schichten des Glimmerbandes 15 kann 1 sein. Oftmals ist sie größer als 1. Die in FIG 5 dargestellte Anzahl von zwei Schichten ist jedoch rein beispielhaft. Auf die Schichten an Glimmerband 15 - genau genommen auf die äußerste Schicht an Glimmerband 15 - ist eine Anzahl von Schichten eines Deckbandes 16 gewickelt. Die Anzahl an Schichten des Deckbandes 16 kann größer als 1 sein. In der Regel ist jedoch nur eine Schicht an Deckband 16 gewickelt. Das Deckband 16 ist in der Regel die äußerste Schicht der fertigen Spule 13. Nach dem Bewickeln der Spule 13 mit dem Deckband 16 wird also die fertige Spule 13 in den Stator 9 bzw. genauer in zwei der Statornuten 11 eingesetzt.The windings 14 are according to FIG. 5 - And not individually, but together - wound with a number of layers of a mica tape 15. The number of layers of the mica tape 15 may be 1. Often it is greater than 1. The in FIG. 5 however, the number of two layers shown is purely exemplary. On the layers of mica tape 15 - taken exactly on the outermost layer of mica tape 15 - a number of layers of a shroud 16 is wound. The number of layers of the shroud 16 may be greater than 1. As a rule, however, only one layer is wound on shroud 16. The shroud 16 is usually the outermost layer of the finished coil 13. After winding the coil 13 with the shroud 16 so the finished coil 13 is inserted into the stator 9 or more precisely in two of the stator 11.

Im Falle der Ausgestaltung der Spule 13 als Formspule sollte das Glimmerband 15 eine möglichst hohe Biegsamkeit und einen möglichst geringen Haftreibungskoeffizienten zwischen Oberseite und Unterseite aufweisen. Insbesondere sollte die Biegesteifigkeit nach IEC EN ISO 8295 (Stand 2004) unter 50 N/m liegen. Der Haftreibungskoeffizient (definiert in derselben Norm) sollte unter 0,7 liegen. Beispiele geeigneter Glimmerbänder sind RikaFibrel E364N und RikaFibrel E464N der Nippon Rika Group.In the case of the embodiment of the coil 13 as a shaping coil, the mica tape 15 should have the highest possible flexibility and the lowest possible coefficient of static friction between the upper side and the lower side. In particular, the flexural strength according to IEC EN ISO 8295 (as of 2004) should be less than 50 N / m. The static friction coefficient (defined in the same standard) should be less than 0.7. Examples of suitable mica tapes are RikaFibrel E364N and RikaFibrel E464N from the Nippon Rika Group.

Das Deckband 16 ist gemäß den FIG 6 bis 8 als Laminat ausgebildet, das eine Abfolge von zwei Schichten 17, 18 aufweist.The shroud 16 is according to the FIGS. 6 to 8 formed as a laminate, which has a sequence of two layers 17, 18.

Je eine dieser beiden Schichten 17, 18 ist ein Gewebe 17 und eine Folie 18. Weitere Bestandteile enthält das Deckband 16 nicht. Die Folie 18 grenzt also unmittelbar an das Gewebe 17 an. In der Regel ist das Gewebe 17 von den Schichten des Glimmerbandes 15 abgewandt und hiermit korrespondierend die Folie 18 den Schichten des Glimmerbandes 15 zugewandt. Prinzipiell ist jedoch auch die umgekehrte Abfolge von Gewebe 17 und Folie 18 möglich.Depending on one of these two layers 17, 18 is a fabric 17 and a film 18. Further constituents does not contain the shroud 16. The film 18 thus directly adjoins the fabric 17. As a rule, the fabric 17 faces away from the layers of the mica tape 15 and, correspondingly, the film 18 faces the layers of the mica tape 15. In principle, however, the reverse sequence of tissue 17 and 18 film is possible.

Das Gewebe 17 besteht vorzugsweise aus einer Glasfaser. Alternativ kann es aus einem ersten Hochleistungspolymer bestehen. Das erste Hochleistungspolymer kann ein Polyimid sein, ist aber vorzugsweise ein Aramid, insbesondere ein meta(m)-Aramid oder ein para(p)-Aramid. Die Folie 18 besteht aus einem zweiten Hochleistungspolymer. Das zweite Hochleistungspolymer kann ein Aramid sein, insbesondere ein meta(m)-Aramid oder ein para(p)-Aramid. Vorzugsweise ist das zweite Hochleistungspolymer jedoch ein Polyimid. Ein Beispiel eines geeigneten Deckbandes 16 ist Voltaflex GK2797 der Isovolta AG.The fabric 17 is preferably made of a glass fiber. Alternatively, it may consist of a first high performance polymer. The first high performance polymer may be a polyimide, but is preferably an aramid, especially a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid. The film 18 is made of a second high performance polymer. The second high performance polymer may be an aramid, especially a meta (m) aramid or a para (p) aramid. Preferably, however, the second high performance polymer is a polyimide. An example of a suitable shroud 16 is Voltaflex GK2797 from Isovolta AG.

Es ist möglich, dass die Spule 13 eine im Wesentlichen flache Spule ist. Oftmals ist die Spule 13 jedoch, wie in FIG 4 erkennbar ist, als dreidimensionale Formspule ausgebildet.It is possible that the coil 13 is a substantially flat coil. Often, however, the coil 13 is as in FIG. 4 is recognizable, designed as a three-dimensional shape coil.

Im Falle der Ausbildung als Formspule ist es möglich, die Schichten des Glimmerbandes 15 und die Schichten des Deckbandes 16 nach dem Formen der Spule 13 zur Formspule aufzubringen. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch entsprechend der Darstellung in FIG 9 zunächst in einem Schritt S1 eine plane Spule gewickelt. Dies ist im Schritt S1 durch die Angabe "2D" angedeutet. Die plane Spule ist rein beispielhaft in FIG 10 dargestellt. Danach werden in einem Schritt S2 auf die plane Spule, also vor dem Verformen zur Formspule, die Schichten an Glimmerband 15 und Deckband 16 aufgebracht. Dies ist im Schritt S2 durch die Angabe "15, 16" angedeutet. Erst danach wird in einem Schritt S3 die bereits bewickelte flache Spule zur dreidimensionalen Formspule geformt. Dies ist im Schritt S3 durch die Angabe "3D" angedeutet.In the case of formation as a forming coil, it is possible to apply the layers of the mica tape 15 and the layers of the shroud 16 after forming the coil 13 to the forming coil. Preferably, however, as shown in FIG FIG. 9 first in a step S1, a flat coil wound. This is indicated in step S1 by the indication "2D". The plane coil is purely exemplary in FIG. 10 shown. Thereafter, in a step S2, the layers of mica tape 15 and shroud 16 are applied to the planar coil, that is to say prior to deformation to the shaping coil. This is indicated in step S2 by the statement "15, 16". Only then, in a step S3, the already wound flat coil is formed into a three-dimensional shaping coil. This is indicated in step S3 by the indication "3D".

Bei dem Formgebungsprozess (Schritt S3) verschieben sich die Schichten des Glimmerbandes 15 untereinander und/oder die Schichten des Deckbandes 16 gegeneinander. In manchen Fällen verschieben sich auch die an die äußerste Schicht des Glimmerbandes 15 angrenzende innerste Schicht des Deckbandes 16 gegeneinander. Die Verschiebungen sind ein sich durch den Herstellungsprozess ergebendes konstruktives Merkmal der Spulen 13.In the shaping process (step S3), the layers of the mica tape 15 shift with each other and / or the layers of the shroud 16 against each other. In some cases, the innermost layer of the shroud 16 adjoining the outermost layer of the mica tape 15 also shifts against each other. The displacements are a constructive feature of the coils 13 resulting from the manufacturing process.

Zusammengefasst betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung somit folgenden Sachverhalt:

  • Eine Spule 13 einer Statorwicklung 12 einer elektrischen Maschine 4 besteht aus einer Anzahl von Windungen 14, die gemeinsam mit einer Anzahl von Schichten eines Glimmerbandes 15 bewickelt sind, auf die wiederum eine Anzahl von Schichten eines Deckbandes 16 gewickelt ist. Das Deckband 16 weist eine Abfolge von zwei Schichten 17, 18 auf. Je eine dieser beiden Schichten 17, 18 ist ein Gewebe 17 und eine Folie 18. Das Gewebe 17 besteht aus einer Glasfaser oder aus einem ersten Hochleistungspolymer. Die Folie 18 besteht aus einem zweiten Hochleistungspolymer.
In summary, the present invention thus relates to the following facts:
  • A coil 13 of a stator winding 12 of an electrical machine 4 consists of a number of windings 14 co-wound with a number of layers of mica tape 15 on which in turn a number of layers of shroud 16 are wound. The shroud 16 has a sequence of two layers 17, 18. Each one of these two layers 17, 18 is a fabric 17 and a film 18. The fabric 17 consists of a glass fiber or of a first high-performance polymer. The film 18 is made of a second high performance polymer.

Die vorliegende Erfindung weist viele Vorteile auf. Insbesondere werden aufgrund der Ausgestaltung des Deckbandes 16 als Kombination eines Gewebes 17 und einer Folie 18 die Nässeresistenz und der Temperaturindex verbessert, ohne eine zusätzliche Schicht an Glimmerband 15 zu benötigen. Weiterhin wird auch der mechanische Schutz verbessert. Aufgrund der verwendeten Materialien lässt sich ferner eine Wärmeklasse von 200°C oder besser erreichen.The present invention has many advantages. In particular, due to the design of the shroud 16 as a combination of a fabric 17 and a film 18, the wetting resistance and the temperature index are improved without requiring an additional layer of mica tape 15. Furthermore, the mechanical protection is improved. Due to the materials used, a thermal class of 200 ° C or better can be achieved.

Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

Spule einer Statorwicklung (12) einer elektrischen Maschine (4), - wobei die Spule aus einer Anzahl von Windungen (14) besteht, die gemeinsam mit einer Anzahl von Schichten eines Glimmerbandes (15) bewickelt sind, auf die wiederum eine Anzahl von Schichten eines Deckbandes (16) gewickelt ist, - wobei das Deckband (16) eine Abfolge von zwei Schichten (17, 18) aufweist, wobei die eine dieser beiden Schichten (17, 18) ein Gewebe (17) und eine Folie (18) ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Gewebe (17) aus einer Glasfaser oder aus einem ersten Hochleistungspolymer besteht und die Folie (18) aus einem zweiten Hochleistungspolymer besteht.Coil of a stator winding (12) of an electrical machine (4), said coil being comprised of a number of turns (14) co-wound with a number of layers of mica tape (15) on which in turn a number of layers of shroud (16) are wound, - wherein the shroud (16) has a sequence of two layers (17, 18), wherein one of these two layers (17, 18) is a fabric (17) and a film (18), characterized,
in that the fabric (17) consists of a glass fiber or of a first high-performance polymer and the film (18) consists of a second high-performance polymer. Spule nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das erste Hochleistungspolymer ein Aramid ist.Coil according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the first high-performance polymer is an aramid. Spule nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zweite Hochleistungspolymer ein Polyimid ist.Coil according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the second high-performance polymer is a polyimide. Spule nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Gewebe (17) von den Schichten des Glimmerbandes (15) abgewandt ist und die Folie (18) den Schichten des Glimmerbandes (15) zugewandt ist.Coil according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterized,
in that the fabric (17) is remote from the layers of the mica tape (15) and the film (18) faces the layers of the mica tape (15). Spule nach einem der obigen Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Spule als dreidimensionale Formspule ausgebildet ist.Coil according to one of the above claims,
characterized,
that the coil is designed as a three-dimensional shaping coil. Spule nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schichten des Glimmerbandes (15) untereinander und/oder die Schichten des Deckbandes (16) untereinander Verschiebungen gegeneinander aufweisen, wie sie dadurch entstehen, wenn die Spule zunächst als plane Spule gewickelt wird, dann mit den Schichten des Glimmerbandes (15) und den Schichten des Deckbandes (16) bewickelt wird und erst danach zur dreidimensionalen Formspule geformt wird.Coil according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the layers of mica tape (15) with each other and / or the layers of the shroud (16) have mutually displacements, as they arise when the coil is first wound as a plane coil, then with the layers of mica tape (15) and the layers of the shroud (16) is wound and only then is formed into a three-dimensional shape coil. Elektrische Maschine, wobei die elektrische Maschine einen Stator (8) und einen Rotor (9) aufweist, wobei der Stator (8) Statornuten (11) aufweist, in die eine Statorwicklung (12) eingebracht ist, wobei die Statorwicklung (12) Spulen (13) aufweist, wobei mindestens eine der Spulen (13) als Spule nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 ausgebildet ist.Electric machine, the electric machine having a stator (8) and a rotor (9), the stator (8) having stator slots (11) into which a stator winding (12) is introduced, the stator winding (12) winding coils (12). 13), wherein at least one of the coils (13) is designed as a coil according to one of claims 1 to 6. Elektrischer Antrieb, wobei der elektrische Antrieb eine elektrische Maschine (4) nach Anspruch 7, einen Umrichter (5) und eine Steuereinrichtung (6) für den Umrichter (5) aufweist, wobei die elektrische Maschine (4) von der Steuereinrichtung (6) über den Umrichter (5) an eine Versorgungsspannung (U) anschaltbar ist, die größer als 1 kV ist, insbesondere größer als 1,5 kV, beispielsweise bis zu 4,5 kV.Electric drive, wherein the electric drive comprises an electric machine (4) according to claim 7, a converter (5) and a control device (6) for the converter (5), wherein the electric machine (4) from the control device (6) via the converter (5) to a supply voltage (U) is connected, which is greater than 1 kV, in particular greater than 1.5 kV, for example up to 4.5 kV. Schienenfahrzeug, wobei das Schienenfahrzeug als Traktionsantrieb (2) einen elektrischen Antrieb nach Anspruch 8 aufweist.Rail vehicle, wherein the rail vehicle as a traction drive (2) comprises an electric drive according to claim 8.
EP17182603.5A 2017-07-21 2017-07-21 Coil with covering strip made from high performance material Active EP3432451B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

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ES17182603T ES2892753T3 (en) 2017-07-21 2017-07-21 Coil with cover band made of a high performance material
EP17182603.5A EP3432451B1 (en) 2017-07-21 2017-07-21 Coil with covering strip made from high performance material
PCT/EP2018/067038 WO2019015921A1 (en) 2017-07-21 2018-06-26 Coil with cover strip made of high-performance material
CN201880048322.XA CN110999036B (en) 2017-07-21 2018-06-26 Coil with a cover strip made of a high-performance material
US16/632,583 US20200244129A1 (en) 2017-07-21 2018-06-26 Coil with cover strip made of high-performance material

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EP3432451B1 (en) 2021-07-21
CN110999036A (en) 2020-04-10
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ES2892753T3 (en) 2022-02-04
CN110999036B (en) 2022-07-12

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