EP3430691B1 - Coaxial connector comprising a shunt, assembly and method for manufacturing such a connector - Google Patents

Coaxial connector comprising a shunt, assembly and method for manufacturing such a connector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3430691B1
EP3430691B1 EP17711164.8A EP17711164A EP3430691B1 EP 3430691 B1 EP3430691 B1 EP 3430691B1 EP 17711164 A EP17711164 A EP 17711164A EP 3430691 B1 EP3430691 B1 EP 3430691B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coaxial connector
core
graphite element
metal
shielding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17711164.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3430691A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Dubois
Bruno Cassany
Jérôme RIBOLZI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
    • H01R24/48—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising protection devices, e.g. overvoltage protection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
    • C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/53—Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases for high voltage with means for preventing corona or arcing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/42—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches
    • H01R24/44—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency comprising impedance matching means or electrical components, e.g. filters or switches comprising impedance matching means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/52—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency mounted in or to a panel or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
    • H01R9/05—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for coaxial cables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/06—Suspending or supporting devices for articles to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high current measurements and relates more particularly to shunts and other shunt resistors allowing such measurements by shunting part of the current.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a coaxial connector comprising such a shunt, a coaxial cable comprising such a connector and a method of manufacturing a coaxial connector comprising a shunt.
  • a shunt is, by definition, a resistive element of very low impedance, such as an electrical conductor, allowing the current to pass from one point to another. an electrical circuit using very little energy.
  • a shunt is a resistive element making it possible to provide a resistive bridge between a core and a shielding of a coaxial connector.
  • Such coaxial connectors are known and in particular by those marketed by T&M RESEARCH PRODUCTS under the reference SDN-414.
  • This type of connector has the advantage of making it possible to protect certain electrical devices during intense current measurement over times which may be relatively short, this by diverting part of the current to the ground plane.
  • This type of connector thus has good current withstand (greater than 10,000A in nanosecond pulse) for a relatively high bandwidth, since it can reach 2 GHz.
  • This type of connector nevertheless has a certain number of drawbacks. Indeed, the shunt that it comprises does not have a constant frequency response and thus has higher resistance for frequencies above 100 MHz.
  • the integration of the shunt in this type of connector is quite relative, since the volume of the connector is much greater than that of a conventional coaxial connector, and this integration is done to the detriment of the bandwidth which does not exceed the 2 GHz.
  • the document EP 0 840 413 A1 has a coaxial connector with a discharge chamber between the center conductor and the shield.
  • the document CN 101 604 808 B also discloses a coaxial connector having a dielectric 4 between the central conductor 2 and the shield 1.
  • the mold for producing the dielectric is made of graphite.
  • the present invention aims to remedy several of these drawbacks and thus more specifically aims to provide a coaxial connector comprising a shunt, the shunt having a bandwidth greater than 12 GHz while offering equivalent current withstand and greater compactness. to that of the coaxial connectors of the prior art which comprises a shunt.
  • Such a graphite element allows the shunt to benefit from an optimized bandwidth.
  • the current flows on the surface of the conductive materials and this over a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the skin.
  • Graphite due to its low electrical conductivity, has a significant skin thickness.
  • the graphite element is therefore little influenced by this phenomenon and therefore makes it possible to obtain a bandwidth greater than 12 Ghz. What is more, because of this relative importance of its skin thickness, the graphite element makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous shunt behavior over a frequency range going from 0 to 12 GHz.
  • the integration of the shunt is optimized since the latter is directly integrated into the coaxial connector. This integration takes place without any harmful influence on the mechanical strength of the graphite element with respect to the rest of the connector and on the electrical characteristics of the shunt, due to the use of two metal deposits.
  • the coaxial connector, with the shunt that it comprises can also be fitted to an electrical device, the connector then being intended to allow connection to a coaxial cable; than a coaxial cable, the coaxial connector then being intended to allow connection to an electrical device, or even a coaxial connector.
  • Each of the first and second metal deposits can be made in a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, nickel, chromium, zinc, tin and lead.
  • Such metals make it possible to provide good contact between the graphite element, respectively the core and the shielding of the connector.
  • At least one of the first and second metal deposits can be copper.
  • Copper is particularly suitable for making it possible to contact the graphite element with the core and the shielding respectively, this by virtue of its good electrical conduction properties and the fact that the core, or even the shielding, are usually made of copper.
  • At least one of the first and second metallic deposits may comprise at least two layers of metal, each of the layers being made of a metal selected from the group comprising copper, silver, gold, nickel, chromium, zinc, tin and lead.
  • first layer to provide good conduction, such as a copper layer, between the graphite element and the core and the shielding respectively, and a second layer to protect the first layer.
  • This second layer can either act as a sacrificial anode, for example by being formed of zinc, or act as a protective layer as such, by being for example formed of chromium.
  • the coaxial connector may further include a second protective layer to protect at least one of the first and second metal deposits.
  • Such a second layer distinct from the first and second metallic deposits can limit or even prevent any contact of these metallic deposits with air or water which could corrode them.
  • the graphite element may be in the form of a graphite plate sized to position between the core and the shield.
  • the graphite element may have a thickness of between 5 and 250 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • Such a graphic element is particularly suitable for having a relatively low resistance and providing good current withstand this with a relatively high bandwidth, while occupying a low volume compatible with integration into a coaxial connector.
  • the shielding may include a metallic connection end piece shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece of another coaxial connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type, the graphite element being positioned between the core and the metal tip, the second metal deposit providing an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element and the metal tip.
  • Such a coaxial connector is particularly suitable for allowing the connection of a coaxial cable or for allowing, when the connector is fitted with a coaxial cable, the connection to an electrical device.
  • the coaxial connector can be a connector of the SMA type, the connection end being a threaded end.
  • Such a coaxial connector particularly benefits from including a shunt according to the invention because of its applications which are generally at frequencies above 2 GHz.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly comprising a coaxial cable and at least one coaxial connector according to the invention.
  • Such a coaxial cable makes it possible to benefit from the advantages of the invention regardless of the electrical device to which it is connected.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical device comprising at least one coaxial connector according to the invention.
  • a step of protecting one face of the graphite element by means of a first protective layer said step of protecting one face of the graphite element being prior to the forming step.
  • the first and second electro-conductive deposit, and in which the step of forming the first and second metallic deposit consists in carrying out an electrolytic deposit between the graphite element and the core and the shielding respectively, the face of the graphite element being protected by the first layer.
  • the graphite element can be oversized to position itself, and in which the step of installing the graphite element comprises a sub-step of inserting the graphite element by shearing so as to place the latter between the core and the shielding with a suitable dimensioning.
  • Such a shear insertion step makes it possible to obtain a graphite element which is perfectly dimensioned to place the latter between the core and the shielding.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a coaxial connector 1 comprising a shunt according to the invention.
  • the coaxial connector shown on figure 1 being a coaxial connector 1 of the female type, the core 10 is provided by a hollow conductor intended to receive the end of the core of a male connector.
  • This same coaxial connector 1 is a connector of the SMA type (from the English terminology " SubMiniature version A " and in accordance with the IEC standard), as illustrated on the figure 3 , intended to equip an electrical device, as illustrated on the figure 2 , to allow connection with a coaxial cable comprising a complementary male connector.
  • the shielding 20 of the coaxial connector 1 comprises a metallic connection end piece 21.
  • This connection end piece 21 has a substantially planar rectangular base 21A, provided with a central orifice, and a hollow cylindrical body 21B of revolution extending from the base 21A with its axis of revolution substantially perpendicular to the base 21A .
  • the base 21A is provided on either side of the central hole with two peripheral screw passages to allow mounting of the coaxial connector on an electrical device 5.
  • the cylindrical body 21B extends from the base 21A with the hollow of the cylindrical body which extends the central orifice of the base 21A. In this way, the housing formed by the hollow of the cylindrical body 21B and by the central orifice of the base 21A is able to accommodate the dielectric 30 and partially the core 10.
  • connection end piece 21 is shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece of another connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type.
  • Dielectric 30 is made from a dielectric material, such as polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, which may be solid or in the form of a foam.
  • the graphite element 40 is presented, as illustrated in the figure 4n in the form of a graphite disc provided with a central opening for the passage of the core 10.
  • the graphite element is dimensioned to be positioned in the central opening of the base 21A between the base 21A and the core 10.
  • the thickness of the graphite element 40 is between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite element 40 comprises the first circular face, through which it is in contact with the dielectric, and the second face, also circular, which is opposite the dielectric.
  • the first protective layer 42 covers the second face of the graphite element.
  • the first layer 42 is made of a dielectric material, such as a dielectric compound based on polymers or elastomers, this so as to protect the second face of the graphite element 40 during the deposition of the first and second metallic deposit. 51, 52.
  • This same first layer 42 has a resistance to acids adapted to offer protection of the second face of the graphite element 40 over a period at least equal to the duration of the deposition of the first and second metal deposits, that is, that is to say typically 5 to 6 hours.
  • the first layer 42 can be produced in the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-196-5245® and the name in English “Tamper Evident Seal # 196-5245”.
  • the graphite element 40 may not have the first protective layer 42.
  • the first and second metal deposit 51, 52 are arranged so as to be interposed between the graphite element 40 and the core 10 and the base 21A respectively.
  • the first metal deposit 51 is interposed between the graphite element 40 and the core 10 and makes it possible to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between them.
  • the second metal deposit 52 is interposed between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A and makes it possible to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between them.
  • the first metal deposit 51 at least partially fills the space between the graphite element 40 and the core 10
  • the second metal deposit 52 at least partially fills the space between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A and covers part of the surface of the base 21A.
  • the part of the surface of the base 21A is a free part of the two peripheral screw passages.
  • the first and second metal deposits 51, 52, in this first embodiment, are both made in a metal which is preferably copper because of these conductive properties.
  • the graphite element 40 and the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 together form a shunt to provide a resistive bridge between the core and the shield.
  • the graphite element 40 by being disposed between the core 10 and the shielding 20, allows a significant portion of the current flowing through the core to be diverted to the shielding 20 and therefore to the ground plane to which the shield is connected.
  • shielding 20 (in particular by the base 21A which is generally referred to the chassis of the electrical device 5).
  • the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 are covered by the second protective layer 55.
  • the second layer 55 is a waterproof and airtight layer.
  • This second layer 55 can thus be made from a compound having properties of impermeability to water and impermeability to air based on polymers or elastomers.
  • the second layer 55 can be produced in the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-159-3957® and the name in English “High strength epoxy resin”.
  • Such a coaxial connector 1 can therefore, as illustrated in figure 2 , be installed on an electrical device 5, such as a measuring device.
  • the coaxial connector 1 is introduced into an opening in the chassis of the electrical device 5 and aimed at the latter by means of the screw passages formed in the base 21A.
  • the core 10 is then fitted with a cable to connect it to a measuring circuit, not shown.
  • the frame of such an electrical device 5 forms, in a usual configuration, a ground plane.
  • the shielding 20 is itself connected to the ground of the electrical device 5.
  • a sub-step of cleaning / degreasing the connector can for example consist in soaking the connector in a phosphoric acid bath for a period of 5 min, rinsing it in water, and drying it.
  • the step of inserting the graphite element 40 by shearing between the base 21A and the core 10 can be carried out, as illustrated in the figures 5A and 5B , by means of a suitable tool 100.
  • This tool 100 comprises a substantially cylindrical body 110 comprising a cylindrical cavity 111 of revolution and a cylinder 120 of revolution made of deformable material to exert a homogeneous pressure force on the entire surface of the graphite element, said cylinder 120 being partly housed in the cylindrical cavity 111.
  • the body 110 is made of a material that is relatively rigid with respect to the cylinder 112, such as for example a thermoplastic elastomer, a metal or even wood.
  • the body 110 can thus be produced in polyvinyl chloride (better known under the sign PVC).
  • the body 110 is provided with the cylindrical cavity 111 which opens onto one of its faces.
  • the cylindrical cavity 111 is extended into the body 110 by a tube 112 making it possible to optionally accommodate a portion of the core 10 during the step of inserting the graphite element 40 by shearing.
  • the cylinder 120 has an outside diameter substantially equal to or slightly less than the inside diameter of the cylindrical cavity 111 of the body 101 so as to allow its installation in this latter cylindrical cavity 111.
  • This same diameter of the cylinder 120 is preferably equal to or greater than that of the graphite element 40 before its insertion by shearing and is strictly greater than or equal to the diameter of the central orifice of the base 21A.
  • the height of cylinder 120 is greater than the depth of the cylindrical cavity 111 this to allow the deformation of the cylinder 120 during the insertion of the graphite element 40.
  • the height / depth difference between the cylinder 120 and the cylindrical cavity 111 may thus be between 1 and 3 mm, and preferably between 1.25 and 2 mm, this difference typically being able to be 1.5 mm.
  • the cylinder 120 therefore protrudes from the body 110 by this height / depth difference.
  • the cylinder 120 is drilled in its center and along its axis of symmetry with a passage for the core 10 which is extended through the tube 112 thus ensuring that no stress is applied to the core 10 during insertion. by shearing the graphite element 40.
  • the cylinder 120 has a central part facing the central orifice of the base 21A, and therefore the dielectric 30, and a peripheral part facing the base 21A.
  • the base 21A being metallic, it has a relatively high rigidity vis-à-vis the cylinder 120, while the dielectric 30 and the cylinder have an equivalent rigidity.
  • the peripheral part will sag to compensate for the displacement of the body in the direction of the coaxial connector, while for the central part, the displacement is compensated by a sag distributed both on the cylinder and on the dielectric 30.
  • the result is a relative displacement, and therefore a shear, of the part of the graphite element 40 disposed on the dielectric 20 with respect to the part of the graphite element 40is located on the base 21A.
  • the graphite element 40 thus sheared and moved inside the central orifice of the base 21A is found inserted between the base 21A and the core 10 with an adjusted dimensioning.
  • the protective layer can be made of a dielectric material, resistant to acidic media for the duration of the electrolytic deposition. , and can be made from the same material as that of the first layer 42.
  • the third layer 56 can also be made from the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-196-5245® and the name in English "Tamper Evident Seal # 196-5245".
  • the electrolytic deposition takes place initially between the core 10 and the graphite element 40 thus making it possible to fill the space between them and form the first metal deposit 51.
  • the electrolytic deposition takes place from the periphery of the graphite element 40 towards the base 21A.
  • the electrolytic deposition takes place in a second step between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A, making it possible to fill the space between them and to form the second metal deposit 52.
  • the copper deposition can be carried out at a constant current of 10 mA for a period ranging from 5 to 6 hours. With such a deposition condition, the voltage supplied by the current source 121 is between 0.3 and 0.4 V.
  • the neutralization step can be carried out by means of a bath in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for a period ranging from 12 h to 72 h. It can be noted that with a duration of 72 hours, the step of removing the third layer 56 is not necessary. Indeed, such a bath is sufficient to completely remove the epoxy resin from the first and third layers 42 and 56 of protection. It will be noted that this removal of the third protective layer 56 thus makes it possible to free the screw passages of the base 21A and allows a good electrical connection between the shielding 20 of the coaxial connector 1 and the ground plane of the electrical device 5. Well Obviously, if the removal of the layer 56 is generally necessary, that of the first protective layer 42 has no effect on the operation of the coaxial connector 1.
  • the removal step can be done either chemically, that is to say by the use of an appropriate solvent, or physically, that is to say, an operation of scraping the third layer. It can be noted, whatever the chosen route, this operation is facilitated by the preliminary neutralization step which makes it possible to weaken the third layer 56.
  • the graphite element does not have the first protective layer 42
  • the figure 9 partially illustrates a coaxial cable 3 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • a coaxial cable 3 is equipped with a coaxial connector 2 of the male SMA type according to the first embodiment.
  • Such a coaxial connector 2 differs from the coaxial connector 1 according to the first embodiment by not the shape of the connection end piece 20 which is a male type connection end piece and by its installation at one end of the coaxial cable 3.
  • the coaxial connector 2 With such an installation of the coaxial connector 2 at the end of the coaxial cable 3, the coaxial connector 2 has a core 10 and a dielectric 30 which are common with the coaxial cable 3, and the connection tip 22 is electrically connected to the shield. 23 of the coaxial cable 3 which is itself coated with a dielectric coating 23.
  • connection end piece 22 comprises a first cylindrical portion 22A of hollow revolution, the inside diameter of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the dielectric 30 so as to accommodate a portion thereof.
  • the connection end piece 22 also comprises, in the extension of the first cylindrical portion 22A, a second cylindrical portion 22B of hollow revolution having an inside diameter greater than that of the first cylindrical portion 22A while being coaxial with it.
  • the first and the second cylindrical portion 22A, 22B are connected to each other by a shoulder.
  • the second cylindrical portion 22B has a thread on its inner surface, so as to allow the screwing of the cylindrical body of a complementary coaxial connector.
  • the coaxial connector 2 is shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece, such as that illustrated in figure 1 , of another coaxial connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type.
  • the second cylindrical portion 22B is empty except for the core 10 which protrudes from the first cylindrical portion 22A.
  • the first cylindrical portion 22A houses, in addition to the dielectric 30 and the core 10, the graphite element 40 covered with the first protective layer 10. In this way, the graphite element 40 is positioned between the core 10 and the first cylindrical portion 22A.
  • the first and second metal deposit 51, 52 are positioned between the graphite element 40 and respectively the core 10 and the first cylindrical portion 22A.
  • the method of manufacturing a coaxial connector 2 according to this second embodiment differs from the method of manufacturing a coaxial connector 1 according to the first embodiment by the protection to be provided to the connector 2 during the step of forming the first and second metal deposit 51, 52 and an adaptation of the tool serving to insert by shear the graphite element which must have a shape complementary to the connection end piece 22.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne le domaine des mesures à fort courant et concerne plus particulièrement les shunts et autres résistances de dérivation permettant de telles mesures en dérivant une partie du courant.The invention relates to the field of high current measurements and relates more particularly to shunts and other shunt resistors allowing such measurements by shunting part of the current.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un connecteur coaxial comprenant un tel shunt, un câble coaxial comprenant un tel connecteur et un procédé de fabrication d'un connecteur coaxial comprenant un shunt.The invention relates more particularly to a coaxial connector comprising such a shunt, a coaxial cable comprising such a connector and a method of manufacturing a coaxial connector comprising a shunt.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Dans le cadre de certaines mesures faisant intervenir de fortes décharges en courant sur des temps faibles, il est connu d'utiliser des câbles et des connecteurs coaxiaux comprenant des shunts afin d'évacuer une partie du courant vers la masse. De cette manière, il est possible d'effectuer ces mesures tout en garantissant la protection des appareillages de mesure.In the context of certain measurements involving strong current discharges over short times, it is known to use coaxial cables and connectors comprising shunts in order to discharge part of the current to ground. In this way, it is possible to carry out these measurements while ensuring the protection of the measuring equipment.

Il est rappelé que dans le domaine technique des mesures à fort courant, un shunt est, par définition, un élément résistif de très faible impédance, tel qu'un conducteur électrique, permettant au courant de passer d'un point à un autre d'un circuit électrique en utilisant très peu d'énergie. Ainsi dans le cadre de l'invention, un shunt est un élément résistif permettant de fournir un pont résistif entre une âme et un blindage d'un connecteur coaxial.It is recalled that in the technical field of high current measurements, a shunt is, by definition, a resistive element of very low impedance, such as an electrical conductor, allowing the current to pass from one point to another. an electrical circuit using very little energy. Thus in the context of the invention, a shunt is a resistive element making it possible to provide a resistive bridge between a core and a shielding of a coaxial connector.

De tels connecteurs coaxiaux sont connus et notamment par ceux commercialisés par T&M RESEARCH PRODUCTS sous la référence SDN-414.Such coaxial connectors are known and in particular by those marketed by T&M RESEARCH PRODUCTS under the reference SDN-414.

Un tel connecteur coaxial comporte :

  • une âme conductrice,
  • un blindage métallique entourant l'âme,
  • un diélectrique disposé entre l'âme et le blindage pour les isoler électriquement l'un par rapport à l'autre, et
  • un shunt pour fournir un pont résistif entre l'âme et le blindage.
Such a coaxial connector comprises:
  • a conductive soul,
  • metal shielding surrounding the core,
  • a dielectric disposed between the core and the shield to electrically insulate them from one another, and
  • a shunt to provide a resistive bridge between the core and the shield.

Ce type de connecteur présente l'avantage de permettre de protéger certains dispositifs électriques lors de mesure de courant intense sur des temps qui peuvent être relativement courts ceci en dérivant une partie du courant vers le plan de masse. Ce type de connecteur comporte ainsi une bonne tenue de courant (supérieure à 10 000A en impulsion nanoseconde) pour une bande passante relativement importante, puisqu'elle peut atteindre les 2 GHz.This type of connector has the advantage of making it possible to protect certain electrical devices during intense current measurement over times which may be relatively short, this by diverting part of the current to the ground plane. This type of connector thus has good current withstand (greater than 10,000A in nanosecond pulse) for a relatively high bandwidth, since it can reach 2 GHz.

Ce type de connecteur possède néanmoins un certain nombre d'inconvénients. En effet, le shunt qu'il comporte ne présente pas une réponse constante en fréquence et possède ainsi résistance plus élevée pour les fréquences supérieures à 100 MHz. De plus, l'intégration du shunt dans ce type de connecteur est toute relative, puisque le volume du connecteur est largement supérieur à celui d'un connecteur coaxial classique, et cette intégration se fait au détriment de la bande passante qui ne dépasse pas les 2 GHz.This type of connector nevertheless has a certain number of drawbacks. Indeed, the shunt that it comprises does not have a constant frequency response and thus has higher resistance for frequencies above 100 MHz. In addition, the integration of the shunt in this type of connector is quite relative, since the volume of the connector is much greater than that of a conventional coaxial connector, and this integration is done to the detriment of the bandwidth which does not exceed the 2 GHz.

Le document EP 0 840 413 A1 présente un connecteur coaxial avec une chambre de décharge entre le conducteur central et le blindage.The document EP 0 840 413 A1 has a coaxial connector with a discharge chamber between the center conductor and the shield.

Le document CN 101 604 808 B divulgue également un connecteur coaxial ayant un diélectrique 4 entre le conducteur central 2 et le blindage 1. Le moule pour produire le diélectrique est en graphite.The document CN 101 604 808 B also discloses a coaxial connector having a dielectric 4 between the central conductor 2 and the shield 1. The mold for producing the dielectric is made of graphite.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention vise à remédier à plusieurs de ces inconvénients et a ainsi plus précisément pour but de fournir un connecteur coaxial comprenant un shunt, le shunt présentant une bande passante supérieure à 12 GHz tout en offrant une tenue en courant équivalente et une compacité plus grande à celle des connecteurs coaxiaux de l'art antérieur qui comporte un shunt.The present invention aims to remedy several of these drawbacks and thus more specifically aims to provide a coaxial connector comprising a shunt, the shunt having a bandwidth greater than 12 GHz while offering equivalent current withstand and greater compactness. to that of the coaxial connectors of the prior art which comprises a shunt.

L'invention concerne à cet effet un connecteur coaxial comprenant un shunt, ledit connecteur comportant :

  • une âme conductrice,
  • un blindage métallique entourant l'âme,
  • un diélectrique disposé entre l'âme et le blindage pour les isoler électriquement l'un par rapport à l'autre, et
  • un shunt pour fournir un pont résistif entre l'âme et le blindage,
le shunt comportant :
  • un élément en graphite positionné entre l'âme et le blindage, et
  • un premier et un deuxième dépôt métallique pour fournir une connexion électrique et mécanique entre l'élément en graphite et respectivement l'âme et le blindage, chacun des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques étant un dépôt électrolytique..
The invention relates for this purpose to a coaxial connector comprising a shunt, said connector comprising:
  • a conductive soul,
  • metal shielding surrounding the core,
  • a dielectric disposed between the core and the shield to electrically insulate them from one another, and
  • a shunt to provide a resistive bridge between the core and the shielding,
the shunt comprising:
  • a graphite element positioned between the core and the shielding, and
  • a first and a second metal deposit to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element and the core and the shield respectively, each of the first and second metal deposits being an electrolytic deposit.

Un tel élément en graphite permet au shunt de bénéficier d'une bande passante optimisée. En effet, à haute fréquence, le courant circule à la surface des matériaux conducteurs et ceci sur une épaisseur correspondant à l'épaisseur de peau. Le graphite, de par sa faible conductivité électrique, présente une épaisseur de peau importante. L'élément en graphite est donc peu influencé par ce phénomène et permet donc d'obtenir une bande passante supérieure à 12 Ghz. Qui plus est, en raison de cette relative importance de son épaisseur de peau, l'élément en graphite permet d'obtenir un comportement du shunt homogène sur une plage de fréquence allant de 0 à 12 GHz.Such a graphite element allows the shunt to benefit from an optimized bandwidth. In fact, at high frequency, the current flows on the surface of the conductive materials and this over a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the skin. Graphite, due to its low electrical conductivity, has a significant skin thickness. The graphite element is therefore little influenced by this phenomenon and therefore makes it possible to obtain a bandwidth greater than 12 Ghz. What is more, because of this relative importance of its skin thickness, the graphite element makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous shunt behavior over a frequency range going from 0 to 12 GHz.

On notera de plus qu'avec un tel dispositif, l'intégration du shunt est optimisée puisque ce dernier est directement intégré dans le connecteur coaxial. Cette intégration se fait sans influence néfaste quant à la tenue mécanique de l'élément graphite par rapport au reste du connecteur et sur les caractéristiques électriques du shunt ceci en raison de l'utilisation des deux dépôts métalliques. De cette manière, le connecteur coaxial, avec le shunt qu'il comprend, peut équiper aussi bien un dispositif électrique, le connecteur étant alors destiné à permettre la connexion à un câble coaxial ; qu'un câble coaxial, le connecteur coaxial étant alors destiné à permettre la connexion à un dispositif électrique, voire encore un raccord coaxial.It will also be noted that with such a device, the integration of the shunt is optimized since the latter is directly integrated into the coaxial connector. This integration takes place without any harmful influence on the mechanical strength of the graphite element with respect to the rest of the connector and on the electrical characteristics of the shunt, due to the use of two metal deposits. In this way, the coaxial connector, with the shunt that it comprises, can also be fitted to an electrical device, the connector then being intended to allow connection to a coaxial cable; than a coaxial cable, the coaxial connector then being intended to allow connection to an electrical device, or even a coaxial connector.

Chacun des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques peut être réalisé dans un métal sélectionné dans le groupe comportant le cuivre, l'argent, l'or, le nickel, le chrome, le zinc, l'étain et le plomb.Each of the first and second metal deposits can be made in a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, nickel, chromium, zinc, tin and lead.

De tels métaux permettent de fournir un bon contact entre l'élément en graphite est respectivement l'âme et le blindage du connecteur.Such metals make it possible to provide good contact between the graphite element, respectively the core and the shielding of the connector.

Au moins l'un des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques peut être constitué de cuivre.At least one of the first and second metal deposits can be copper.

Le cuivre est particulièrement adapté pour permettre de contacter l'élément en graphite avec respectivement l'âme et le blindage ceci de par ses bonnes propriétés de conduction électrique et du fait que l'âme, voire également le blindage, sont habituellement réalisés en cuivre.Copper is particularly suitable for making it possible to contact the graphite element with the core and the shielding respectively, this by virtue of its good electrical conduction properties and the fact that the core, or even the shielding, are usually made of copper.

Au moins l'un des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques peut comporter au moins deux couches de métal, chacune des couches étant réalisée dans un métal sélectionné dans le groupe comportant le cuivre, l'argent, l'or, nickel, le chrome, le zinc, l'étain et le plomb.At least one of the first and second metallic deposits may comprise at least two layers of metal, each of the layers being made of a metal selected from the group comprising copper, silver, gold, nickel, chromium, zinc, tin and lead.

Avec de tels dépôts métalliques comportant au moins deux couches, il est possible de prévoir une première couche pour fournir une bonne conduction, telle qu'une couche de cuivre, entre l'élément en graphite et respectivement l'âme et le blindage, et une deuxième couche permettant de protéger la première couche. Cette deuxième couche peut soit faire office d'anode sacrificielle, en étant par exemple formée de zinc, soit faire office de couche de protection en tant que telle, en étant par exemple formée de chrome.With such metallic deposits comprising at least two layers, it is possible to provide a first layer to provide good conduction, such as a copper layer, between the graphite element and the core and the shielding respectively, and a second layer to protect the first layer. This second layer can either act as a sacrificial anode, for example by being formed of zinc, or act as a protective layer as such, by being for example formed of chromium.

Le connecteur coaxial peut comprendre en outre une deuxième couche de protection pour protéger au moins l'un des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques.The coaxial connector may further include a second protective layer to protect at least one of the first and second metal deposits.

Une telle deuxième couche distinct des premier et deuxième dépôts métallique peut limiter, voire empêcher tout contact de ces dépôts métalliques avec de l'air ou l'eau qui pourrait les corroder.Such a second layer distinct from the first and second metallic deposits can limit or even prevent any contact of these metallic deposits with air or water which could corrode them.

L'élément en graphite peut se présenter sous la forme d'une plaque de graphite dimensionnée pour se positionner entre l'âme et le blindage.The graphite element may be in the form of a graphite plate sized to position between the core and the shield.

L'élément en graphite peut présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 250 µm, préférentiellement entre 10 et 100 µm.The graphite element may have a thickness of between 5 and 250 μm, preferably between 10 and 100 μm.

Un tel élément graphique est particulièrement adapté pour présenter une résistance relativement faible et fournir une bonne tenue en courant ceci avec une bande passante relativement élevé, tout en occupant un volume faible compatible avec une intégration dans un connecteur coaxial.Such a graphic element is particularly suitable for having a relatively low resistance and providing good current withstand this with a relatively high bandwidth, while occupying a low volume compatible with integration into a coaxial connector.

Le blindage peut comprendre un embout de connexion métallique conformé pour coopérer avec un embout complémentaire d'un autre connecteur coaxial selon une coopération du type mâle/femelle,
l'élément en graphite étant positionné entre l'âme et l'embout métallique, le deuxième dépôt métallique fournissant une connexion électrique et mécanique entre l'élément en graphite et l'embout métallique.The shielding may include a metallic connection end piece shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece of another coaxial connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type,
the graphite element being positioned between the core and the metal tip, the second metal deposit providing an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element and the metal tip.

Un tel connecteur coaxial est particulièrement adapté pour autoriser le branchement d'un câble coaxial ou permettre, lorsque le connecteur équipe un câble coaxial, le branchement sur un dispositif électrique.Such a coaxial connector is particularly suitable for allowing the connection of a coaxial cable or for allowing, when the connector is fitted with a coaxial cable, the connection to an electrical device.

Le connecteur coaxial peut être un connecteur du type SMA, l'embout de connexion étant un embout fileté.The coaxial connector can be a connector of the SMA type, the connection end being a threaded end.

Un tel connecteur coaxial bénéficie particulièrement de comporter un shunt selon l'invention en raison de ses applications qui sont généralement à des fréquences supérieures à 2 GHz.Such a coaxial connector particularly benefits from including a shunt according to the invention because of its applications which are generally at frequencies above 2 GHz.

L'invention concerne également un assemblage comprenant un câble coaxial et au moins un connecteur coaxial selon l'invention.The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a coaxial cable and at least one coaxial connector according to the invention.

Un tel câble coaxial permet de bénéficier des avantages de l'invention ceci quel que soit le dispositif électrique auquel il est branché.Such a coaxial cable makes it possible to benefit from the advantages of the invention regardless of the electrical device to which it is connected.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif électrique comportant au moins un connecteur coaxial selon l'invention.The invention also relates to an electrical device comprising at least one coaxial connector according to the invention.

Un tel dispositif électrique bénéficie des avantages liés à l'utilisation d'un connecteur coaxial selon l'invention.Such an electrical device benefits from the advantages associated with the use of a coaxial connector according to the invention.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un connecteur coaxial comprenant un shunt résistif, procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture d'un connecteur coaxial comprenant
    • ∘ une âme conductrice,
    • ∘ un blindage entourant l'âme,
    • ∘ un diélectrique disposé entre l'âme et le blindage pour les isoler électriquement l'un par rapport à l'autre, et
  • fourniture d'un élément en graphite,
  • installation de l'élément en graphite sur le connecteur coaxial positionné entre l'âme et le blindage,
  • formation d'un premier et d'un deuxième dépôt métallique pour fournir une connexion électrique et mécanique entre l'élément en graphite et respectivement l'âme et le blindage, la formation du premier et deuxième dépôt métallique étant réalisée par électrolyse.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a coaxial connector comprising a resistive shunt, the method comprising the following steps:
  • supply of a coaxial connector comprising
    • ∘ a conductive soul,
    • ∘ shielding surrounding the soul,
    • ∘ a dielectric placed between the core and the shielding to electrically insulate them from one another, and
  • supply of a graphite element,
  • installation of the graphite element on the coaxial connector positioned between the core and the shielding,
  • formation of a first and a second metallic deposit to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element and the core and the shielding respectively, the formation of the first and second metallic deposit being carried out by electrolysis.

Un tel procédé permet la fabrication d'un connecteur coaxial bénéficiant des avantages liés à l'invention.Such a method allows the manufacture of a coaxial connector benefiting from the advantages associated with the invention.

Il peut être prévu une étape de protection d'une face de l'élément en graphite au moyen d'une première couche de protection, ladite étape de protection d'une face de l'élément en graphite étant préalable à l'étape de formation du premier et deuxième dépôt électro conducteur,
et dans lequel l'étape de formation du premier et deuxième dépôt métallique consiste à effectuer un dépôt électrolytique entre l'élément graphite et respectivement l'âme et le blindage, la face de l'élément graphite étant protégée par la première couche.There may be provided a step of protecting one face of the graphite element by means of a first protective layer, said step of protecting one face of the graphite element being prior to the forming step. the first and second electro-conductive deposit,
and in which the step of forming the first and second metallic deposit consists in carrying out an electrolytic deposit between the graphite element and the core and the shielding respectively, the face of the graphite element being protected by the first layer.

Avec une telle couche de protection, il est possible de parfaitement localisé le positionnement du premier et deuxième dépôt métallique et donc de bien définir la résistance offerte par l'élément en graphite.With such a protective layer, it is possible to perfectly localize the positioning of the first and second metal deposit and therefore to clearly define the resistance offered by the graphite element.

Il peut être prévu en outre une étape de dépôt d'une deuxième couche de protection afin de protéger les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques.There may also be a step of depositing a second protective layer in order to protect the first and second metal deposits.

Avec une telle étape de protection, il est possible de protéger le premier et le deuxième dépôt métallique de la corrosion.With such a protection step, it is possible to protect the first and the second metal deposit from corrosion.

Lors de l'étape de fourniture de l'élément en graphite, l'élément en graphite peut être surdimensionné pour se positionner,
et dans lequel l'étape d'installation de l'élément en graphite comprend une sous étape d'insertion par cisaillement de l'élément en graphite de manière à placer ce dernier entre l'âme et le blindage avec un dimensionnement adapté.During the step of supplying the graphite element, the graphite element can be oversized to position itself,
and in which the step of installing the graphite element comprises a sub-step of inserting the graphite element by shearing so as to place the latter between the core and the shielding with a suitable dimensioning.

Une telle étape d'insertion par cisaillement permet d'obtenir un élément en graphite parfaitement dimensionné pour se placer ce dernier entre l'âme et le blindage.Such a shear insertion step makes it possible to obtain a graphite element which is perfectly dimensioned to place the latter between the core and the shielding.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'exemples de réalisation, donnés à titre purement indicatif et nullement limitatif, en faisant référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1A et 1B sont respectivement une vue en coupe et une vue de face d'un connecteur coaxial comprenant un shunt selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 illustre un dispositif électrique comprenant deux connecteurs coaxiaux selon l'invention tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'un connecteur coaxial avant le placement d'un shunt selon l'invention,
  • la figure 4 illustre une vue de face et une vue en coupe d'un élément en graphite destiné à la formation d'un shunt pour équiper un connecteur coaxial tel qu'illustré sur la figure 3,
  • les figures 5A et 5B illustrent en coupe la mise en place de l'élément en graphite illustré sur la figure 4 sur le connecteur coaxial illustré sur la figure 3 ceci en effectuant un cisaillement de l'élément en graphite pour parfaire son dimensionnement vis-à-vis du connecteur coaxial,
  • la figure 6 illustre l'étape de protection du connecteur coaxial illustré sur la figure 4B de manière à protéger certaines parties du connecteur coaxial lors de la mise en place de dépôts métalliques,
  • la figure 7 illustre le système utilisé pour réaliser les dépôts électrolytiques entre l'élément en graphite et le reste du connecteur coaxial,
  • la figure 8 illustre le connecteur coaxial illustré sur la figure 6 après réalisation des dépôts électrolytiques au moyen du système illustré sur la figure 7,
  • la figure 9 illustre un connecteur coaxial selon un troisième mode de réalisation selon l'invention dans lequel le connecteur coaxial est du type mâle, ledit connecteur coaxial équipant un câble coaxial,
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description of exemplary embodiments, given purely as an indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figures 1A and 1B are respectively a sectional view and a front view of a coaxial connector comprising a shunt according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 illustrates an electrical device comprising two coaxial connectors according to the invention as illustrated on figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view of a coaxial connector before the placement of a shunt according to the invention,
  • the figure 4 illustrates a front view and a sectional view of a graphite element intended for the formation of a shunt to equip a coaxial connector as illustrated in the figure figure 3 ,
  • the figures 5A and 5B illustrate in section the positioning of the graphite element illustrated on figure 4 on the coaxial connector shown on the figure 3 this by shearing the graphite element to perfect its dimensioning vis-à-vis the coaxial connector,
  • the figure 6 illustrates the step of protecting the coaxial connector illustrated on figure 4B so as to protect certain parts of the coaxial connector when placing metal deposits,
  • the figure 7 illustrates the system used to make the electrolytic deposits between the graphite element and the rest of the coaxial connector,
  • the figure 8 illustrates the coaxial connector shown on figure 6 after carrying out the electrolytic deposits using the system illustrated on figure 7 ,
  • the figure 9 illustrates a coaxial connector according to a third embodiment according to the invention in which the coaxial connector is of the male type, said coaxial connector fitted to a coaxial cable,

Des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures portent les mêmes références numériques de façon à faciliter le passage d'une figure à l'autre.Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures bear the same numerical references so as to facilitate the passage from one figure to another.

Les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles.The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily on a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.

Les différentes possibilités (variantes et modes de réalisation) doivent être comprises comme n'étant pas exclusives les unes des autres et peuvent se combiner entre elles.The different possibilities (variants and embodiments) must be understood as not being mutually exclusive and can be combined with one another.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

La figure 1 illustre un connecteur coaxial 1 comprenant un shunt selon l'invention.The figure 1 illustrates a coaxial connector 1 comprising a shunt according to the invention.

Un tel connecteur coaxial 1 comporte :

  • une âme 10 conductrice,
  • un blindage 20 métallique,
  • un diélectrique disposé entre l'âme et le blindage pour les isoler électriquement l'un par rapport à l'autre,
  • un élément en graphite 40 disposé entre l'âme et le blindage 20, l'élément en graphite 40 présentant une première et une deuxième face, la deuxième face étant revêtue d'une première couche 42 de protection,
  • la première couche 42 de protection,
  • un premier et un deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52 pour fournir une connexion électrique et mécanique entre l'élément en graphite 40 et respectivement l'âme 10 et le blindage 20,
  • une deuxième couche 55 de protection pour protéger les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52.
Such a coaxial connector 1 comprises:
  • a conductive core 10,
  • a metal shielding 20,
  • a dielectric disposed between the core and the shielding to electrically insulate them from one another,
  • a graphite element 40 disposed between the core and the shield 20, the graphite element 40 having a first and a second face, the second face being coated with a first protective layer 42,
  • the first protective layer 42,
  • a first and a second metal deposit 51, 52 to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element 40 and respectively the core 10 and the shield 20,
  • a second protective layer 55 to protect the first and second metal deposits 51, 52.

Le connecteur coaxial illustré sur la figure 1, étant un connecteur coaxial 1 du type femelle, l'âme 10 est fournie par un conducteur creux destiné à accueillir l'extrémité de l'âme d'un connecteur mâle. Ce même connecteur coaxial 1 est un connecteur du type SMA (de la terminologie anglaise « SubMiniature version A » et en conformité avec la norme IEC), telle qu'illustré sur la figure 3, destiné à équiper un dispositif électrique, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 2, pour permettre la connexion avec un câble coaxial comprenant un connecteur mâle complémentaire.The coaxial connector shown on figure 1 , being a coaxial connector 1 of the female type, the core 10 is provided by a hollow conductor intended to receive the end of the core of a male connector. This same coaxial connector 1 is a connector of the SMA type (from the English terminology " SubMiniature version A " and in accordance with the IEC standard), as illustrated on the figure 3 , intended to equip an electrical device, as illustrated on the figure 2 , to allow connection with a coaxial cable comprising a complementary male connector.

Ainsi, le blindage 20 du connecteur coaxial 1 comporte un embout de connexion 21 métallique. Cet embout de connexion 21 présente une embase 21A rectangulaire sensiblement plane, munie d'un orifice central, et un corps cylindrique 21B de révolution creux s'étendant à partir de l'embase 21A avec son axe de révolution sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'embase 21A. L'embase 21A est munie de part et d'autre de l'orifice central de deux passages de vis périphériques pour permettre le montage du connecteur coaxial sur un dispositif électrique 5.Thus, the shielding 20 of the coaxial connector 1 comprises a metallic connection end piece 21. This connection end piece 21 has a substantially planar rectangular base 21A, provided with a central orifice, and a hollow cylindrical body 21B of revolution extending from the base 21A with its axis of revolution substantially perpendicular to the base 21A . The base 21A is provided on either side of the central hole with two peripheral screw passages to allow mounting of the coaxial connector on an electrical device 5.

Le corps cylindrique 21B s'étend à partir de l'embase 21A avec le creux du corps cylindrique qui prolonge l'orifice central de l'embase 21A. De cette manière, le logement formé par le creux du corps cylindrique 21B et par l'orifice central de l'embase 21A est à même de loger le diélectrique 30 et partiellement l'âme 10.The cylindrical body 21B extends from the base 21A with the hollow of the cylindrical body which extends the central orifice of the base 21A. In this way, the housing formed by the hollow of the cylindrical body 21B and by the central orifice of the base 21A is able to accommodate the dielectric 30 and partially the core 10.

Le corps cylindrique est pourvu sur la surface de son périmètre extérieur et à l'opposé de l'embase 21A d'un filetage. Un tel filetage permet le vissage du connecteur mâle équipant un câble coaxial sur l'embout de connexion 21 et donc le connecteur coaxial. De cette manière, l'embout de connexion 21 est conformé pour coopérer avec un embout complémentaire d'un autre connecteur selon une coopération du type mâle/femelle.The cylindrical body is provided on the surface of its outer perimeter and opposite the base 21A with a thread. Such a thread allows the male connector fitted to a coaxial cable to be screwed onto the connection end piece 21 and therefore the coaxial connector. In this way, the connection end piece 21 is shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece of another connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type.

Le diélectrique 30 est logé dans l'embout de connexion 21 en s'interposant entre l'âme 10 et l'embout de connexion 21. Plus précisément, le diélectrique 30 emplit le volume intérieur du corps cylindrique 21B laissé libre par l'âme 10 en offrant un maintien mécanique pour l'âme 10. Le diélectrique 30 présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique de révolution pourvue d'un passage central pour loger l'âme 10. L'âme 10 est positionnée vis-à-vis du diélectrique 20 de telle manière que :

  • l'âme 10 affleure du diélectrique 20 au niveau de la base de ce dernier qui est opposée de l'embase 21A, et
  • l'âme 10 fasse saillie du diélectrique 20 au niveau de la base de ce dernier qui se trouve dans le prolongement de l'embase 21A, une telle saillie permettant de relier l'âme 10 à, par exemple, un circuit de traitement, non illustré, du dispositif électrique 5 équipé dudit connecteur coaxial 1.
The dielectric 30 is housed in the connection end piece 21 by interposing itself between the core 10 and the connection end piece 21. More precisely, the dielectric 30 fills the internal volume of the cylindrical body 21B left free by the core 10. by providing mechanical support for the core 10. The dielectric 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape of revolution provided with a central passage for housing the core 10. The core 10 is positioned vis-à-vis the dielectric 20 of such way that:
  • the core 10 is flush with the dielectric 20 at the level of the base of the latter which is opposite the base 21A, and
  • the core 10 projects from the dielectric 20 at the level of the base of the latter which is located in the extension of the base 21A, such a projection making it possible to connect the core 10 to, for example, a processing circuit, not illustrated, of the electrical device 5 equipped with said coaxial connector 1.

Le diélectrique 30 est réalisé dans un matériau diélectrique, tel qu'un polyéthylène ou un polytétrafluoroéthylène, qui peut être plein ou sous forme de mousse.Dielectric 30 is made from a dielectric material, such as polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, which may be solid or in the form of a foam.

L'élément en graphite 40 se présente, comme illustré sur la figure 4n sous la forme d'un disque de graphite pourvu d'une ouverture centrale pour le passage de l'âme 10. L'élément en graphite est dimensionné pour se positionner dans l'ouverture centrale de l'embase 21A entre l'embase 21A et l'âme 10. L'épaisseur de l'élément en graphite 40 est comprise entre 10 et 100 µm.The graphite element 40 is presented, as illustrated in the figure 4n in the form of a graphite disc provided with a central opening for the passage of the core 10. The graphite element is dimensioned to be positioned in the central opening of the base 21A between the base 21A and the core 10. The thickness of the graphite element 40 is between 10 and 100 μm.

L'élément en graphite 40 comporte la première face circulaire, par laquelle il est en contact avec le diélectrique, et la deuxième face, également circulaire, qui est opposée au diélectrique. La première couche 42 de protection recouvre la deuxième face de l'élément en graphite.The graphite element 40 comprises the first circular face, through which it is in contact with the dielectric, and the second face, also circular, which is opposite the dielectric. The first protective layer 42 covers the second face of the graphite element.

La première couche 42 est réalisée dans un matériau diélectrique, tel qu'un composé diélectrique à base de polymères ou d'élastomères ceci de manière à protéger la deuxième face de l'élément en graphite 40 lors du dépôt du premier et du deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52. Cette même première couche 42 présente une résistance aux acides adaptée pour offrir une protection de la deuxième face de l'élément en graphite 40 sur une durée au moins égale à la durée de dépôt des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques, c'est-à-dire typiquement de 5 à 6h.The first layer 42 is made of a dielectric material, such as a dielectric compound based on polymers or elastomers, this so as to protect the second face of the graphite element 40 during the deposition of the first and second metallic deposit. 51, 52. This same first layer 42 has a resistance to acids adapted to offer protection of the second face of the graphite element 40 over a period at least equal to the duration of the deposition of the first and second metal deposits, that is, that is to say typically 5 to 6 hours.

Ainsi, par exemple, la première couche 42 peut être réalisée dans la résine époxyde commercialisée par la société RS components® sous la référence RS-196-5245® et la dénomination en langue anglaise « Tamper Evident Seal #196-5245 ».Thus, for example, the first layer 42 can be produced in the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-196-5245® and the name in English “Tamper Evident Seal # 196-5245”.

On peut noter que, selon une variante du premier mode de réalisation, l'élément en graphite 40 peut ne pas présenter la première couche 42 de protection.It may be noted that, according to a variant of the first embodiment, the graphite element 40 may not have the first protective layer 42.

Le premier et le deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52 sont disposés de manière à s'interposer entre l'élément en graphite 40 et respectivement l'âme 10 et l'embase 21A. Ainsi, le premier dépôt métallique 51 s'interpose entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'âme 10 et permet de fournir une connexion électrique et mécanique entre eux. De même, le deuxième dépôt métallique 52 s'interpose entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'embase 21A et permet de fournir une connexion électrique et mécanique entre eux.The first and second metal deposit 51, 52 are arranged so as to be interposed between the graphite element 40 and the core 10 and the base 21A respectively. Thus, the first metal deposit 51 is interposed between the graphite element 40 and the core 10 and makes it possible to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between them. Likewise, the second metal deposit 52 is interposed between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A and makes it possible to provide an electrical and mechanical connection between them.

Plus précisément, comme le montre la figure 1, le premier dépôt métallique 51 remplit au moins partiellement l'espace entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'âme 10, et le deuxième dépôt métallique 52 remplit au moins partiellement l'espace entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'embase 21A et recouvre une partie de la surface de l'embase 21A. La partie de la surface de l'embase 21A est une partie libre des deux passages de vis périphériques. Les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52, dans ce premier mode de réalisation, sont tous deux réalisés dans un métal qui est préférentiellement du cuivre en raison de ces propriétés conductrices.More precisely, as shown in figure 1 , the first metal deposit 51 at least partially fills the space between the graphite element 40 and the core 10, and the second metal deposit 52 at least partially fills the space between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A and covers part of the surface of the base 21A. The part of the surface of the base 21A is a free part of the two peripheral screw passages. The first and second metal deposits 51, 52, in this first embodiment, are both made in a metal which is preferably copper because of these conductive properties.

L'élément en graphite 40 et les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52 forment ensemble un shunt pour fournir un pont résistif entre l'âme et le blindage. En effet, l'élément en graphite 40, en étant disposé entre l'âme 10 et le blindage 20, permet de dériver une partie importante du courant transitant dans l'âme vers le blindage 20 et donc vers plan de masse auquel est relié le blindage 20 (notamment par l'embase 21A qui est généralement visé au châssis du dispositif électrique 5).The graphite element 40 and the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 together form a shunt to provide a resistive bridge between the core and the shield. Indeed, the graphite element 40, by being disposed between the core 10 and the shielding 20, allows a significant portion of the current flowing through the core to be diverted to the shielding 20 and therefore to the ground plane to which the shield is connected. shielding 20 (in particular by the base 21A which is generally referred to the chassis of the electrical device 5).

Afin de protéger les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52 d'une éventuelle oxydation, les premier et de deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52 sont recouverts par la deuxième couche 55 de protection.In order to protect the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 from possible oxidation, the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 are covered by the second protective layer 55.

La deuxième couche 55 est une couche imperméable à l'eau et étanche à l'air. Cette deuxième couche 55 peut ainsi être réalisée dans un composé présentant des propriétés d'imperméabilité à l'eau et l'étanchéité à l'air à base de polymères ou d'élastomères. Ainsi par exemple, la deuxième couche 55 peut être réalisée dans la résine époxyde commercialisée par la société RS components® sous la référence RS-159-3957® et la dénomination en langue anglaise « High strength epoxy resin ».The second layer 55 is a waterproof and airtight layer. This second layer 55 can thus be made from a compound having properties of impermeability to water and impermeability to air based on polymers or elastomers. Thus, for example, the second layer 55 can be produced in the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-159-3957® and the name in English “High strength epoxy resin”.

Un tel connecteur coaxial 1 peut donc comme illustré sur la figure 2, être installé sur un dispositif électrique 5, tel qu'un appareil de mesure. Pour ce faire le connecteur coaxial 1 est introduit dans une ouverture du châssis du dispositif électrique 5 et visé à ce dernier au moyen des passages de vis ménagés dans l'embase 21A. L'âme 10 est ensuite équipée d'un câble pour la relier à un circuit de mesure, non illustré. Le châssis d'un tel dispositif électrique 5 forme, dans une configuration usuelle, un plan de masse. Ainsi le blindage 20 est lui-même relié à la masse du dispositif électrique 5. De cette manière, en cas de décharge en courant important sur des temps courts, c'est-à-dire, par exemple, 5 kA sur une durée de 1 ns, une partie importante du courant passant par l'âme 10 sera dérivée par l'élément en graphite 40 en direction du plan de masse.Such a coaxial connector 1 can therefore, as illustrated in figure 2 , be installed on an electrical device 5, such as a measuring device. To do this, the coaxial connector 1 is introduced into an opening in the chassis of the electrical device 5 and aimed at the latter by means of the screw passages formed in the base 21A. The core 10 is then fitted with a cable to connect it to a measuring circuit, not shown. The frame of such an electrical device 5 forms, in a usual configuration, a ground plane. Thus the shielding 20 is itself connected to the ground of the electrical device 5. In this way, in the event of a large current discharge over short times, that is to say, for example, 5 kA over a period of 1 ns, a significant part of the current passing through the core 10 will be diverted by the graphite element 40 in the direction of the ground plane.

Un tel connecteur coaxial 1 peut être fabriqué au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication dont les principales étapes sont illustrées sur les figures 3 à 9 et la figure 1. Un tel procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture d'un connecteur coaxial 1 standard, tel que le connecteur femelle SMA illustré sur la figure 3,
  • fourniture de l'élément en graphite 40 avec sa deuxième face revêtue de la première couche 42 de protection,
  • insertion par cisaillement, comme illustré sur les figures 5A et 5B de l'élément en graphite 40 entre l'âme 10 et l'embase 21A de manière à ce que l'élément en graphite 40 soit dimensionné pour se placer entre l'âme 10 et l'embase 21A,
  • application, comme illustré sur la figure 6, d'une troisième couche 56 de protection sur l'embase 21A au niveau de ses passages de vis de manière à protéger les parties de la surface de l'embase qui comprennent les passages de vis,
  • formation du premier et du deuxième dépôt métallique entre l'âme 10 et l'élément en graphite 40 et entre l'embase 21 et l'élément en graphite 40 de manière à assurer la connexion électrique et mécanique entre ces derniers, cette formation étant réalisée lors d'un dépôt électrolytique tel qu'illustré sur la figure 7 au moyen d'une solution électrolytique 125,
  • neutralisation de la solution électrolytique 125 en trempant le connecteur 1 dans un bain d'hydroxyde de soude afin de neutraliser les éventuelles traces de solution électrolytiques 125 qui pourraient entrainer une oxydation des premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52 et d'obtenir le connecteur coaxial 1 tel qu'illustré sur la figure 8,
  • suppression de la troisième couche 56,
  • dépôt de la deuxième couche 55 de protection afin de protéger les premier et deuxième dépôts métalliques 51, 52 et pour obtenir le connecteur coaxial 1 comprenant un shunt selon l'invention.
Such a coaxial connector 1 can be manufactured by means of a manufacturing process, the main steps of which are illustrated on the figures 3 to 9 and the figure 1 . Such a method comprises the following steps:
  • supply of a standard coaxial connector 1, such as the SMA female connector shown on figure 3 ,
  • supply of the graphite element 40 with its second face coated with the first protective layer 42,
  • shear insertion, as shown in the figures 5A and 5B the graphite element 40 between the core 10 and the base 21A so that the graphite element 40 is dimensioned to be placed between the core 10 and the base 21A,
  • application, as illustrated on figure 6 , a third protective layer 56 on the base 21A at its screw passages so as to protect the parts of the surface of the base which include the screw passages,
  • formation of the first and second metal deposit between the core 10 and the graphite element 40 and between the base 21 and the graphite element 40 so as to ensure the electrical and mechanical connection between the latter, this formation being carried out during an electrolytic deposition as illustrated on the figure 7 by means of an electrolytic solution 125,
  • neutralization of the electrolytic solution 125 by soaking the connector 1 in a sodium hydroxide bath in order to neutralize any traces of electrolytic solution 125 which could lead to oxidation of the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 and to obtain the coaxial connector 1 as illustrated on figure 8 ,
  • removal of the third layer 56,
  • deposition of the second protective layer 55 in order to protect the first and second metal deposits 51, 52 and to obtain the coaxial connector 1 comprising a shunt according to the invention.

Lors de ce procédé, l'étape de fourniture de l'élément graphite 40 peut comporter les sous-étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture d'une plaque de graphite dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 5 et 250 µm, voire 10 et 100 µm, et par exemple 75 µm,
  • application de la première couche 42 de protection sur l'une des faces de la plaque de graphite,
  • découpe dans la plaque de graphite d'un disque de graphite d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice central de l'embase 21A,
  • aménagement de l'ouverture centrale dans le disque de graphite pour ainsi fournir l'élément en graphite 40 pourvu de la première couche 42, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 4.
During this process, the step of providing the graphite element 40 may include the following sub-steps:
  • supply of a graphite plate whose thickness is between 5 and 250 µm, or even 10 and 100 µm, and for example 75 µm,
  • application of the first protective layer 42 on one of the faces of the graphite plate,
  • cutting in the graphite plate of a graphite disc with a diameter greater than that of the central orifice of the base 21A,
  • arrangement of the central opening in the graphite disc to thereby provide the graphite element 40 provided with the first layer 42, as shown in figure figure 4 .

On peut noter qu'afin d'assurer le bon déroulement du procédé de fabrication du connecteur coaxial 1, il est préférable que lors de l'étape de fourniture du connecteur coaxial 1 standard il soit prévu une sous étape de nettoyage/dégraissage du connecteur. Une telle sous-étape de nettoyage/dégraissage du connecteur peut par exemple consister à tremper le connecteur dans un bain d'acide phosphorique pendant une durée de 5min, le rincer dans de l'eau, et le sécher.It may be noted that in order to ensure the smooth running of the manufacturing process of the coaxial connector 1, it is preferable that during the step of supplying the standard coaxial connector 1 there is provided a sub-step of cleaning / degreasing the connector. Such a sub-step of cleaning / degreasing the connector can for example consist in soaking the connector in a phosphoric acid bath for a period of 5 min, rinsing it in water, and drying it.

L'étape d'insertion par cisaillement de l'élément de graphite 40 entre l'embase 21A et l'âme 10 peut être réalisée, comme illustré sur les figures 5A et 5B, au moyen d'un outil 100 adapté. Cet outil 100 comporte un corps 110 sensiblement cylindrique comprenant une cavité cylindrique 111 de révolution et un cylindre 120 de révolution en matériau déformable pour exercer une force de pression homogène sur toute la surface de l'élément graphite, ledit cylindre 120 étant en partie logé dans la cavité cylindrique 111.The step of inserting the graphite element 40 by shearing between the base 21A and the core 10 can be carried out, as illustrated in the figures 5A and 5B , by means of a suitable tool 100. This tool 100 comprises a substantially cylindrical body 110 comprising a cylindrical cavity 111 of revolution and a cylinder 120 of revolution made of deformable material to exert a homogeneous pressure force on the entire surface of the graphite element, said cylinder 120 being partly housed in the cylindrical cavity 111.

Le corps 110 est réalisé dans un matériau relativement rigide par rapport au cylindre 112, tel que par exemple un élastomère thermoplastique, un métal ou encore du bois. Le corps 110 peut ainsi être réalisé dans du polychlorure de vinyle (plus connu sous le signe PVC). Le corps 110 est muni de la cavité cylindrique 111 qui débouche sur l'une de ses faces. La cavité cylindrique 111 se prolonge dans le corps 110 par un tube 112 permettant d'éventuellement loger une portion de l'âme 10 lors de l'étape d'insertion par cisaillement de l'élément en graphite 40.The body 110 is made of a material that is relatively rigid with respect to the cylinder 112, such as for example a thermoplastic elastomer, a metal or even wood. The body 110 can thus be produced in polyvinyl chloride (better known under the sign PVC). The body 110 is provided with the cylindrical cavity 111 which opens onto one of its faces. The cylindrical cavity 111 is extended into the body 110 by a tube 112 making it possible to optionally accommodate a portion of the core 10 during the step of inserting the graphite element 40 by shearing.

Le cylindre 120 présente un diamètre extérieur sensiblement égal ou légèrement inférieur au diamètre intérieur de la cavité cylindrique 111 du corps 101 de manière à permettre son installation dans cette dernière cavité cylindrique 111. Ce même diamètre du cylindre 120 est préférentiellement égal ou supérieur à celui de l'élément en graphite 40 avant son insertion par cisaillement et est strictement supérieur ou égal au diamètre de l'orifice central de l'embase 21A. La hauteur de cylindre 120 est supérieure à la profondeur de la cavité cylindrique 111 ceci pour permettre la déformation du cylindre 120 lors de l'insertion de l'élément en graphite 40. La différence hauteur/profondeur entre le cylindre 120 et la cavité cylindrique 111 peut ainsi être comprise entre 1 et 3 mm, et préférentiellement entre 1,25 et 2 mm, cette différence pouvant typiquement être de 1,5 mm. Le cylindre 120 fait donc saillie du corps 110 de cette différence hauteur/profondeur.The cylinder 120 has an outside diameter substantially equal to or slightly less than the inside diameter of the cylindrical cavity 111 of the body 101 so as to allow its installation in this latter cylindrical cavity 111. This same diameter of the cylinder 120 is preferably equal to or greater than that of the graphite element 40 before its insertion by shearing and is strictly greater than or equal to the diameter of the central orifice of the base 21A. The height of cylinder 120 is greater than the depth of the cylindrical cavity 111 this to allow the deformation of the cylinder 120 during the insertion of the graphite element 40. The height / depth difference between the cylinder 120 and the cylindrical cavity 111 may thus be between 1 and 3 mm, and preferably between 1.25 and 2 mm, this difference typically being able to be 1.5 mm. The cylinder 120 therefore protrudes from the body 110 by this height / depth difference.

Le cylindre 120 est percé en son centre et le long de son axe de symétrie d'un passage pour l'âme 10 qui se prolonge par le tube 112 assurant ainsi qu'aucune contrainte ne soit appliquée à l'âme 10 pendant l'insertion par cisaillement de l'élément en graphite 40.The cylinder 120 is drilled in its center and along its axis of symmetry with a passage for the core 10 which is extended through the tube 112 thus ensuring that no stress is applied to the core 10 during insertion. by shearing the graphite element 40.

L'étape d'insertion de l'élément en graphite 40 avec un tel outil est réalisée au moyen des sous-étapes suivantes :

  • installation de l'élément en graphite 40 sur le connecteur coaxial 1, l'âme 10 étant insérée dans l'ouverture centrale de l'élément en graphite 40 et la première face étant posée sur le diélectrique 30,
  • mise en place de l'outil 100 avec le cylindre 120 en appui sur l'élément en graphite 40 et l'âme 10 introduite dans le passage du cylindre 120 et, en fonction de sa longueur, le tube 112 du corps 110, comme montré sur la figure 5A
  • application d'une force de pression sur le corps 120 dans une direction allant du corps vers le connecteur coaxial 1 pour amener le cylindre 120 et le diélectrique 30 à se déformer avec insertion et cisaillement de l'élément de graphite 40.
The step of inserting the graphite element 40 with such a tool is carried out by means of the following sub-steps:
  • installation of the graphite element 40 on the coaxial connector 1, the core 10 being inserted into the central opening of the graphite element 40 and the first face being placed on the dielectric 30,
  • positioning of the tool 100 with the cylinder 120 resting on the graphite element 40 and the core 10 introduced into the passage of the cylinder 120 and, depending on its length, the tube 112 of the body 110, as shown on the figure 5A
  • applying a pressing force to the body 120 in a direction from the body to the coaxial connector 1 to cause the cylinder 120 and the dielectric 30 to deform with insertion and shear of the graphite element 40.

En effet, lors de l'application de la force de pression, le cylindre 120 présente une partie centrale en regard de l'orifice central de l'embase 21A, et donc du diélectrique 30, et une partie périphérique en regard de l'embase 21A. L'embase 21A étant métallique, elle présente une rigidité relativement importante vis-à-vis du cylindre 120, alors que le diélectrique 30 et le cylindre présente une rigidité équivalente. Ainsi lors de l'application de la force de pression les déformations des parties centrale et périphérique vont donc être différentes. En effet, comme le montre la figure 5A, la partie périphérique va s'affaisser pour compenser le déplacement du corps en direction du connecteur coaxial alors que pour la partie centrale, la compensation du déplacement se fait par un affaissement réparti à la fois sur le cylindre et sur le diélectrique 30. Il en résulte un déplacement relatif, et donc un cisaillement, de la partie de l'élément en graphite 40 disposée sur le diélectrique 20 par rapport à la partie de l'élément en graphite 40se trouvant disposée sur l'embase 21A.Indeed, during the application of the pressure force, the cylinder 120 has a central part facing the central orifice of the base 21A, and therefore the dielectric 30, and a peripheral part facing the base 21A. The base 21A being metallic, it has a relatively high rigidity vis-à-vis the cylinder 120, while the dielectric 30 and the cylinder have an equivalent rigidity. Thus during the application of the pressure force the deformations of the central and peripheral parts will therefore be different. Indeed, as shown in figure 5A , the peripheral part will sag to compensate for the displacement of the body in the direction of the coaxial connector, while for the central part, the displacement is compensated by a sag distributed both on the cylinder and on the dielectric 30. The result is a relative displacement, and therefore a shear, of the part of the graphite element 40 disposed on the dielectric 20 with respect to the part of the graphite element 40is located on the base 21A.

L'élément en graphite 40 ainsi cisaillé et déplacé à l'intérieur de l'orifice central de l'embase 21A, se retrouve inséré entre l'embase 21A et l'âme 10 avec un dimensionnement ajusté.The graphite element 40 thus sheared and moved inside the central orifice of the base 21A is found inserted between the base 21A and the core 10 with an adjusted dimensioning.

Lors de l'étape d'application de la troisième couche de protection 56 sur l'embase au niveau de ses passages de vis, la couche de protection peut être réalisée d'un matériau diélectrique, résistant aux milieux acides pendant la durée du dépôt électrolytique, et peut être réalisée dans le même matériau que celui de la première couche 42. Ainsi par exemple, la troisième couche 56 peut également être réalisée dans la résine époxyde commercialisée par la société RS components® sous la référence RS-196-5245® et la dénomination en langue anglaise « Tamper Evident Seal #196-5245 ».During the step of applying the third protective layer 56 to the base at its screw passages, the protective layer can be made of a dielectric material, resistant to acidic media for the duration of the electrolytic deposition. , and can be made from the same material as that of the first layer 42. Thus, for example, the third layer 56 can also be made from the epoxy resin marketed by the company RS components® under the reference RS-196-5245® and the name in English "Tamper Evident Seal # 196-5245".

L'étape de formation du premier et du deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52 est réalisée au moyen, comme illustré sur la figure 7 d'une cellule d'électrolyse 120 comportant :

  • une source de courant 121 pour appliquer une différence de tension,
  • une première et une deuxième électrode 122A, 122B de cuivre, les première et deuxième électrodes 122A, 122B étant reliées à la borne positive de la source de courant 121, tandis que l'âme 10 du connecteur coaxial 1 est reliée à la borne négative,
  • un support 123 pour supporter les première et deuxième électrodes 122A et 122B et le connecteur coaxial 1, le support 123 logeant le corps cylindrique 21B de l'embout de connexion 21 de manière à protéger ce dernier et une partie de l'embase 21A pendant le dépôt électrolytique,
  • un bac électrolyse 124 contenant la solution électrolytique 125, cette dernière étant une solution faiblement acide (par exemple de l'acide acétique à 8% ou de l'acide borique) sursaturée en sulfate de cuivre ou en nitrate de cuivre.
The step of forming the first and second metal deposit 51, 52 is carried out by means, as illustrated in figure 7 an electrolysis cell 120 comprising:
  • a current source 121 for applying a voltage difference,
  • a first and a second electrode 122A, 122B of copper, the first and second electrodes 122A, 122B being connected to the positive terminal of the current source 121, while the core 10 of the coaxial connector 1 is connected to the negative terminal,
  • a support 123 for supporting the first and second electrodes 122A and 122B and the coaxial connector 1, the support 123 housing the cylindrical body 21B of the connection end piece 21 so as to protect the latter and part of the base 21A during the electrolytic deposition,
  • an electrolysis tank 124 containing the electrolytic solution 125, the latter being a weakly acidic solution (for example 8% acetic acid or boric acid) supersaturated with copper sulphate or copper nitrate.

L'étape de formation peut ainsi comporter les sous-étapes suivantes :

  • installation du connecteur coaxial 1 et des première et deuxième électrodes sur le support 123,
  • immersion du support 123et des éléments qu'il supporte dans la solution 125,
  • application de la tension entre les première et deuxième électrodes 122A, 122B et l'âme 10 ceci au moyen de la source de courant 10, de manière à effectuer un dépôt électrolytique pour former le premier et le deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52.
The training step can thus include the following sub-steps:
  • installation of the coaxial connector 1 and of the first and second electrodes on the support 123,
  • immersion of support 123 and the elements it supports in solution 125,
  • application of the voltage between the first and second electrodes 122A, 122B and the core 10 by means of the current source 10, so as to carry out an electrolytic deposit to form the first and the second metal deposit 51, 52.

En raison de la connexion de l'âme 10 à la source de courant 121, le dépôt électrolytique à lieu dans un premier temps entre l'âme 10 et l'élément en graphite 40 permettant ainsi d'emplir l'espace entre eux et de former le premier dépôt métallique 51. Une fois la connexion électrique entre l'âme 10 et l'élément en graphite 40 établie au moyen du premier dépôt, la surface de l'élément graphite 40 étant protégée par la première couche 42, le dépôt électrolytique à lieu à partir de la périphérie de l'élément en graphite 40 en direction de l'embase 21A. Ainsi, le dépôt électrolytique à lieu dans un deuxième temps entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'embase 21A en permettant d'emplir l'espace entre eux et de former le deuxième dépôt métallique 52. Une fois la connexion électrique entre l'élément en graphite 40 et l'embase 21A établie, le cuivre se dépose également sur la surface de l'embase qui n'est pas protégée par la troisième couche 56 et par le support 123 permettant ainsi de finir de former le deuxième dépôt métallique 52.Due to the connection of the core 10 to the current source 121, the electrolytic deposition takes place initially between the core 10 and the graphite element 40 thus making it possible to fill the space between them and form the first metal deposit 51. Once the electrical connection between the core 10 and the graphite element 40 has been established by means of the first deposit, the surface of the graphite element 40 being protected by the first layer 42, the electrolytic deposition takes place from the periphery of the graphite element 40 towards the base 21A. Thus, the electrolytic deposition takes place in a second step between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A, making it possible to fill the space between them and to form the second metal deposit 52. Once the electrical connection between the graphite element 40 and the base 21A established, the copper is also deposited on the surface of the base which is not protected by the third layer 56 and by the support 123 thus making it possible to finish forming the second metal deposit 52 .

Le dépôt de cuivre peut être effectué à un courant constant de 10 mA pendant une durée allant de 5 à 6h. Avec une telle condition de dépôt la tension fournie par la source de courant 121 est comprise entre 0,3 et 0,4 V.The copper deposition can be carried out at a constant current of 10 mA for a period ranging from 5 to 6 hours. With such a deposition condition, the voltage supplied by the current source 121 is between 0.3 and 0.4 V.

Lors de l'étape de neutralisation, celle-ci peut être réalisée au moyen d'un bain dans une solution d'hydroxyde de soude à 10% pendant une durée allant de 12h à 72h. On peut noter qu'avec une durée de 72h, l'étape de retrait de la troisième couche 56 n'est pas nécessaire. En effet, un tel bain est suffisant pour retirer entièrement la résine époxyde des première et troisième couches 42 et 56 de protection. On notera que ce retrait de la troisième couche de protection 56 permet ainsi de libérer les passages de vis de l'embase 21A et autorise une bonne connexion électrique entre le blindage 20 du connecteur coaxial 1 et le plan de masse du dispositif électrique 5. Bien entendu, si le retrait de la couche 56 est généralement nécessaire, celui de la première couche 42 de protection n'a pas d'incidence sur le fonctionnement du connecteur coaxial 1.During the neutralization step, this can be carried out by means of a bath in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for a period ranging from 12 h to 72 h. It can be noted that with a duration of 72 hours, the step of removing the third layer 56 is not necessary. Indeed, such a bath is sufficient to completely remove the epoxy resin from the first and third layers 42 and 56 of protection. It will be noted that this removal of the third protective layer 56 thus makes it possible to free the screw passages of the base 21A and allows a good electrical connection between the shielding 20 of the coaxial connector 1 and the ground plane of the electrical device 5. Well Obviously, if the removal of the layer 56 is generally necessary, that of the first protective layer 42 has no effect on the operation of the coaxial connector 1.

Dans le cas où il est prévu le retrait de la troisième couche 56, l'étape de retrait peut se faire soit par voie chimique, c'est-à-dire par l'utilisation d'un solvant approprié, soit par voie physique, c'est-à-dire une opération de grattage de la troisième couche. On peut noter, quelle que soit la voie retenue, cette opération est facilitée par l'étape préalable de neutralisation qui permet de fragiliser la troisième couche 56.In the case where provision is made for the removal of the third layer 56, the removal step can be done either chemically, that is to say by the use of an appropriate solvent, or physically, that is to say, an operation of scraping the third layer. It can be noted, whatever the chosen route, this operation is facilitated by the preliminary neutralization step which makes it possible to weaken the third layer 56.

Selon la variante du premier mode de réalisation dans laquelle l'élément graphite ne présente pas la première couche 42 de protection, il peut également être prévu une étape de retrait de la première couche 42 du même type que l'étape de retrait de la troisième couche 56.According to the variant of the first embodiment in which the graphite element does not have the first protective layer 42, there may also be a step of removing the first layer 42 of the same type as the step of removing the third. layer 56.

La figure 9 illustre partiellement un câble coaxial 3 selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Un tel câble coaxial 3 est équipé d'un connecteur coaxial 2 de type SMA mâle conforme au premier mode de réalisation. Un tel connecteur coaxial 2 se différencie du connecteur coaxial 1 selon le premier mode de réalisation de pas la forme de l'embout de connexion 20 qui est un embout de connexion de type mâle et de par son installation à une extrémité du câble coaxial 3.The figure 9 partially illustrates a coaxial cable 3 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Such a coaxial cable 3 is equipped with a coaxial connector 2 of the male SMA type according to the first embodiment. Such a coaxial connector 2 differs from the coaxial connector 1 according to the first embodiment by not the shape of the connection end piece 20 which is a male type connection end piece and by its installation at one end of the coaxial cable 3.

Avec une telle installation du connecteur coaxial 2 à l'extrémité du câble coaxial 3, le connecteur coaxial 2 comporte une âme 10 et un diélectrique 30 qui sont communs avec le câble coaxial 3, et l'embout de connexion 22 est connecté électriquement au blindage 23 du câble coaxial 3 qui est lui-même revêtu d'un revêtement diélectrique 23.With such an installation of the coaxial connector 2 at the end of the coaxial cable 3, the coaxial connector 2 has a core 10 and a dielectric 30 which are common with the coaxial cable 3, and the connection tip 22 is electrically connected to the shield. 23 of the coaxial cable 3 which is itself coated with a dielectric coating 23.

Ainsi l'embout de connexion 22 selon ce troisième mode de réalisation comporte une première portion cylindrique 22A de révolution creuse dont le diamètre intérieur est sensiblement égal au diamètre du diélectrique 30 de manière en loger une portion. L'embout de connexion 22 comporte également, dans le prolongement de la première portion cylindrique 22A une deuxième portion cylindrique 22B de révolution creuse présentant un diamètre intérieur supérieur à celui de la première portion cylindrique 22A tout en lui étant coaxial. La première et la deuxième portion cylindrique 22A, 22B sont reliées l'une à l'autre par un épaulement.Thus the connection end piece 22 according to this third embodiment comprises a first cylindrical portion 22A of hollow revolution, the inside diameter of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the dielectric 30 so as to accommodate a portion thereof. The connection end piece 22 also comprises, in the extension of the first cylindrical portion 22A, a second cylindrical portion 22B of hollow revolution having an inside diameter greater than that of the first cylindrical portion 22A while being coaxial with it. The first and the second cylindrical portion 22A, 22B are connected to each other by a shoulder.

La deuxième portion cylindrique 22B présente un filetage sur sa surface intérieure, de manière à autorisé le vissage du corps cylindrique d'un connecteur coaxial complémentaire. Ainsi le connecteur coaxial 2 est conformé pour coopérer avec un embout complémentaire, tel que celui illustré sur la figure 1, d'un autre connecteur coaxial selon une coopération du type mâle/femelle.The second cylindrical portion 22B has a thread on its inner surface, so as to allow the screwing of the cylindrical body of a complementary coaxial connector. Thus the coaxial connector 2 is shaped to cooperate with a complementary end piece, such as that illustrated in figure 1 , of another coaxial connector according to a cooperation of the male / female type.

La deuxième portion cylindrique 22B est vide à l'exception de l'âme 10 qui fait saillie à partir de la première portion cylindrique 22A. La première portion cylindrique 22A loge, en plus du diélectrique 30 et de l'âme 10, l'élément en graphite 40 recouvert de la première couche 10 de protection. De cette manière, l'élément en graphite 40 est positionné entre l'âme 10 et la première portion cylindrique 22A.The second cylindrical portion 22B is empty except for the core 10 which protrudes from the first cylindrical portion 22A. The first cylindrical portion 22A houses, in addition to the dielectric 30 and the core 10, the graphite element 40 covered with the first protective layer 10. In this way, the graphite element 40 is positioned between the core 10 and the first cylindrical portion 22A.

Le premier et deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52 sont positionnés entre l'élément en graphite 40 et respectivement l'âme 10 et la première portion cylindrique 22A.The first and second metal deposit 51, 52 are positioned between the graphite element 40 and respectively the core 10 and the first cylindrical portion 22A.

Avec une telle configuration, il est possible avec un seul câble coaxial 3 comportant le connecteur coaxial 2 selon ce troisième mode de réalisation de protéger plusieurs dispositifs de mesure destinés à être reliés tour à tour au moyen du câble coaxial 3 à un système à mesurer générant des impulsions fort courant sur des temps très faible, ceci en bénéficiant de l'intégration du shunt selon l'invention.With such a configuration, it is possible with a single coaxial cable 3 comprising the coaxial connector 2 according to this third embodiment to protect several measuring devices intended to be connected in turn by means of the coaxial cable 3 to a system to be measured generating high current pulses over very low times, this taking advantage of the integration of the shunt according to the invention.

Le procédé de fabrication d'un connecteur coaxial 2 selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation se différencie du procédé de fabrication d'un connecteur coaxial 1 selon le premier mode de réalisation de par la protection à apporter au connecteur 2 pendant l'étape de formation du premier et du deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52 et d'une adaptation de l'outil servant à insérer par cisaillement l'élément graphite qui doit présenter une forme complémentaire à l'embout de connexion 22.The method of manufacturing a coaxial connector 2 according to this second embodiment differs from the method of manufacturing a coaxial connector 1 according to the first embodiment by the protection to be provided to the connector 2 during the step of forming the first and second metal deposit 51, 52 and an adaptation of the tool serving to insert by shear the graphite element which must have a shape complementary to the connection end piece 22.

En effet, pour assurer une conservation de la conformation pour coopérer avec un embout complémentaire de l'embout, il est nécessaire que la surface intérieure de la deuxième portion cylindrique 22B soit protégée pendant l'étape de formation des premier et deuxième dépôt métallique 51, 52. Une telle protection peut être obtenue de la même façon que dans le premier mode réalisation au moyen d'une couche similaire à la troisième couche 56 de protection précédemment décrite.Indeed, to ensure conservation of the conformation to cooperate with a complementary end piece of the end piece, it is necessary for the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 22B to be protected during the step of forming the first and second metal deposit 51, 52. Such protection can be obtained in the same way as in the first embodiment by means of a layer similar to the third layer 56 of protection previously described.

Claims (15)

  1. Coaxial connector (1, 2) comprising a shunt, said coaxial connector (1, 2) comprising:
    - a conductive core (10),
    - a metal shielding (20) surrounding the core (10),
    - a dielectric (30) arranged between the core (10) and the shielding (20) in order to insulate them electrically with respect to one another, and
    - a shunt in order to supply a resistive bridge between the core (10) and the shielding (20),
    wherein the shunt comprises:
    - a graphite element (40) positioned between the core (10) and the shielding (20), and
    - a first and a second metal deposit (51, 52) in order to supply an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element (40) and respectively the core (10) and the shielding (20), each one of the first and second metal deposits (51, 52) being an electrolytic deposit.
  2. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to claim 1, wherein each one of the first and second metal deposits (51, 52) is made from a metal selected from the group comprising copper, silver, gold, nickel, chrome, zinc, tin and lead.
  3. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first and second metal deposits (51, 52) is made of copper.
  4. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second metal deposits (51, 52) comprises at least two layers of metal, each one of the layers being made from a metal selected from the group comprising copper, silver, gold, nickel, chrome, zinc, tin and lead.
  5. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to any of claims 1 to 4 further comprising a second protective layer (55) in order to protect at least one of the first and second metal deposits.
  6. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the graphite element (40) has the form of a graphite plate sized to be positioned between the core (10) and the shielding (20).
  7. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to claim 5, wherein the graphite element (40) has a thickness between 5 and 250 µm, preferably between 10 and 100 µm.
  8. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the shielding (20) comprises a metal connection endpiece (21, 22) shaped to cooperate with a complementary endpiece of another coaxial connector according to a cooperation of the male/female type,
    and wherein the graphite element (40) is positioned between the core (10) and the metal endpiece (21, 22), the second metal deposit providing an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element (40) and the metal endpiece (21, 22).
  9. Coaxial connector (1, 2) according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coaxial connector (1, 2) is a connector of the SMA type, a connection endpiece (21) being a threaded endpiece.
  10. Assembly comprising a coaxial cable (3) and at least one coaxial connector (2) according to any of claims 1 to 8.
  11. Electrical device (5) characterised in that it comprises at least one coaxial connector (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8.
  12. Method for manufacturing a coaxial connector (1, 2) comprising a resistive shunt, the method comprising the following steps:
    - supplying of a coaxial connector (1, 2) comprising
    ∘ a conductive core (10),
    ∘ a shielding (20) surrounding the core (10),
    ∘ a dielectric (30) arranged between the core (10) and the shielding (30) in order to insulate them electrically with respect to one another, and
    - supplying of a graphite element (40),
    - installing the graphite element (40) on the coaxial connector (1, 2) positioned between the core (10) and the shielding (20),
    - forming of a first and of a second metal deposit (51, 52) in order to supply an electrical and mechanical connection between the graphite element (40) and respectively the core (10) and the shielding (20), the forming of the first and second metal deposit being carried out by electrolysis.
  13. Method for manufacturing according to claim 12, wherein a step of protecting a face of the graphite element (40) is provided by means of a first protective layer (42), said step of protecting a face of the graphite element (40) being prior to the step of forming the first and second electroconductive deposit (51, 52),
    and wherein the step of forming the first and second metal deposit (51, 52) consists in carrying out an electrolytic deposit between the graphite element (40) and respectively the core (10) and the shielding (20), the face of the graphite element (40) being protected by the first layer (42).
  14. Method for manufacturing according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a step of depositing a second protective layer (55) is further provided in order to protect the first and second metal deposits (51, 52).
  15. Method for manufacturing according to any of claims 12 to 14, wherein during the step of supplying the graphite element (40), the graphite element (40) is oversized in order to be positioned,
    and wherein the step of installing the graphite element (40) comprises a substep of inserting the graphite element via shearing in such a way as to place the latter between the core (10) and the shielding (20) with a suitable sizing.
EP17711164.8A 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Coaxial connector comprising a shunt, assembly and method for manufacturing such a connector Active EP3430691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1652266A FR3049119B1 (en) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 COAXIAL CONNECTOR COMPRISING A SHUNT, COAXIAL CABLE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A CONNECTOR
PCT/EP2017/056278 WO2017158111A1 (en) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Coaxial connector comprising a shunt, coaxial cable and method for manufacturing such a connector

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3430691A1 EP3430691A1 (en) 2019-01-23
EP3430691B1 true EP3430691B1 (en) 2020-11-25

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EP (1) EP3430691B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2851850T3 (en)
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DE102018104262A1 (en) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HIGH FREQUENCY PLUG CONNECTOR AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE

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CN101604808B (en) * 2009-07-28 2011-06-08 中航光电科技股份有限公司 Miniature radio-frequency coaxial connector and contact element thereof

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JPS58225586A (en) * 1982-06-23 1983-12-27 ヒロセ電機株式会社 Coaxial arrester structure
FR2591040B1 (en) * 1985-11-29 1988-01-22 Radiall Ind HERMETIC COAXIAL CONNECTOR
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CN101604808B (en) * 2009-07-28 2011-06-08 中航光电科技股份有限公司 Miniature radio-frequency coaxial connector and contact element thereof

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FR3049119A1 (en) 2017-09-22
FR3049119B1 (en) 2018-04-13
EP3430691A1 (en) 2019-01-23
WO2017158111A1 (en) 2017-09-21
US20190081444A1 (en) 2019-03-14
US11108198B2 (en) 2021-08-31
ES2851850T3 (en) 2021-09-09

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