EP3415399A1 - System for fail-safe powering of an electrical consumer with a redundant power bus - Google Patents
System for fail-safe powering of an electrical consumer with a redundant power bus Download PDFInfo
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- EP3415399A1 EP3415399A1 EP17176338.6A EP17176338A EP3415399A1 EP 3415399 A1 EP3415399 A1 EP 3415399A1 EP 17176338 A EP17176338 A EP 17176338A EP 3415399 A1 EP3415399 A1 EP 3415399A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L19/00—Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, e.g. central control
- B61L19/06—Interlocking devices having electrical operation
- B61L19/08—Special arrangements for power supply for interlocking devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/30—Trackside multiple control systems, e.g. switch-over between different systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/70—Details of trackside communication
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L19/00—Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, e.g. central control
- B61L19/06—Interlocking devices having electrical operation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for the fail-safe supply of an electrical load with a redundant power bus.
- Such decentralized functional units are used in particular in rail transport networks such as the railroad, where they are used to control vehicle influencing and / or vehicle monitoring units and to monitor functionality and to record process data and back to a central control and / or Monitoring center, such as a control center or a signal box, to report.
- a central control and / or Monitoring center such as a control center or a signal box
- As Switzerlandbeeinu units that give instructions to the driver or even make direct intervention in the vehicle control or directly set a safe track for example, signals, points, balises, line conductors, track magnets and the like, as well as sensors for detecting process variables of the moving train, such as power consumption, speed and the like.
- train and track section monitoring units can also balise and line conductors, but also axle and track circuits and other train detection systems are called.
- the present invention relates to all industrial plants in which functional units are distributed over long distances and yet must be centrally controlled.
- the central controller can be perceived by a stationary control center, but also by
- a digital data transport network can be used for the coupling of the decentralized functional units, which is robust in any way against a simple error event, yet a very clever use of very widely used in railway engineering Cu cables, for example, previously existing interlocking cables allowed and finally only a comparatively small number of network access points needed.
- Such a device is used in a particularly advantageous manner for a rail network for rail transport. Consequently, it is then expedient, by means of the decentralized functional units traffic-monitoring and traffic-controlling Functional units, such as in particular signals, switches, axle counters, track circuits, point and line train control elements to couple to the data transport network.
- traffic-monitoring and traffic-controlling Functional units such as in particular signals, switches, axle counters, track circuits, point and line train control elements to couple to the data transport network.
- the decentralized functional units also known as element controllers or EC for short
- EC element controllers
- SNDs bus couplers
- the SNDs can interrupt or bypass the power bus, as well as measure currents and voltages in the power bus.
- This decoupling with the necessary shutdown functions is taken over by the network node units.
- the network node unit in order to be able to master all possible error cases (overload in a segment of the power bus or to a consumer), the network node unit has controllable switches around the power bus to the left, to the right and to the To interrupt consumers.
- Such a equipped network node unit is for example in the above-mentioned European patent application EP 3 109 128 A1 described in detail.
- this network node unit is a single non-redundant element in the power supply chain up to the decentralized functional unit.
- An obvious solution would be the insertion of a second redundant network node unit, which, however, is considered disadvantageous for cost and maintenance reasons.
- the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a system for fail-safe supply of an electrical load with a redundant running power bus, in which even the failure of a network node unit does not cause a decentralized functional units is completely decoupled from the supply of electrical energy.
- a failure of the network node unit thus no longer has a negative impact on the availability of the decentralized functional unit coupling to it.
- the first switch and the second switch each comprise two counter-switched in the respective bus core field effect transistors whose gate electrodes are controlled by the control unit.
- a branch provided between the field-effect transistors from the respective bus core to the decentralized functional unit can thus be connected to each of the two supply sides by the corresponding wiring of the respective gate electrode (s) and also selectively separated.
- the switching groups may each comprise a field-effect transistor whose gate electrode is at the potential of the control output.
- the potential applied to the control output it is possible to intentionally disconnect the decentralized functional unit from one of the two or both feed sides of one of the bus wires.
- control output can be controlled by an FPGA, which is preferably a component of the control unit.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an interlocking architecture with a system Sys, which has, inter alia, a signal box STW, a redunant built data backbone NB1, NB2, a data bus CB and an energy bus EB with two feed points PS1 and PS2.
- the interlocking STW controls a train traffic on a track section G, in which signals S, points W, a level crossing Bue and axle counter AC are arranged.
- These train protection and train control components each couple to a decentralized functional unit - also called element controller unit E - on the data bus CB and the power bus EB.
- the decentralized functional units E are connected to the annular data bus CB in such a way that either access to the data backbone NB1 or NB2 is given via each side of the annular data bus CB.
- the data bus CB coupled with corresponding routers / switches SW to the respective data backbone NB1, NB2.
- the sequential connection of the Element Controller Unit E to the annular power bus ensures that each Element Controller Unit E can be supplied redundantly with electrical energy from both sides.
- FIG. 2 now shows schematically the data and power supply connection of the Element Controller Unit E of a train control component, here for example a switch W, to the data bus CB and the power bus EB.
- a train control component here for example a switch W
- Such an attachment point comprises a network node unit SND and the actual element controller EC.
- the network node unit SND comprises a communication unit SCU for data exchange over both branches of the data bus CB.
- the network node unit SND is designed so that it couples to both branches of the power bus EB and thus always, if necessary, across other network node units SND away - an access to both feed points PS1 and PS2 consists (as in FIG. 1 shown).
- the network node unit SND further has a control and evaluation logic SL, which can be integrated, for example, in the switching module S, and thus controls and monitors the power bus EB.
- the control and evaluation logic detects current violations and / or voltage dips within the power bus EB and / or the connected consumer (SPU with EC) and evaluates this data for a possibly present short circuit.
- the network node unit is always supplied in redundant manner from two sides with electrical energy and therefore has in the context of a switching module S via a left switch S1 and a right switch S2 and a load switch S3 to the supply unit SPU of the element controller EC.
- the network node unit SND also supplies the communication unit SCU with voltage and can also exchange data with it via an Ethernet connection and is thus integrated in the data bus CB (eg activation of manual operation of the SND via remote access and actuation of the switches S1 to S3, delivery of diagnostic data to the interlocking or a higher-level service and Diagnosesytem, query the current voltages, currents, energy and power values, parameterization of the SND, data for charging a not further illustrated energy storage or the registration of future power requirements).
- the supply unit SPU is integrated via the switch S3, which converts the voltage of the power bus EB to the input voltage required for the element controller EC.
- a data connection between the switching module S of the network node unit SND and the supply unit SPU, for example in the form of a serial RS 422 or Ethernet, is provided.
- Energy-technically typical here is, for example, a three-phase connection with 400 VAC.
- the element controller EC controls and supplies in FIG. 2
- the switch W receives the element controller EC data telegrams from a higher-level interlocking CPU via an Ethernet connection from the communication unit SCU and are via this communication unit SCU feedback to the interlocking computer CPU.
- the interlocking computer CPU can also represent a corresponding evaluation module that evaluates the received data as intended.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment for the wiring of the switching module S of any network node unit SND.
- the switching module S comprises the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, the present case in each case two in the respective bus core bus +, bus counter-switched field effect transistors T1, T2, T3, T4 whose gate electrodes can be controlled by the control unit (not shown here), which is indicated by arrows 30.
- the energy bus can be selectively interrupted (eg for the isolation / disconnection of defective sections).
- diodes D1 to D4 are provided. The in FIG.
- switch S3 has now been divided into two on the negative bus core bus- coupling switches S3 and S4, with which the functional unit E can selectively turn on only the power bus EB left or right, if this is separated by means of switch S1 and switch S2.
- These switches are also field-effect transistors T5, T6.
- a resistance module RG1, RG2 which is provided between the positive core bus + and the negative wire bus of the power bus EB, is now arranged.
- the output A1, A2 of this resistor group RG1, RG2 is respectively connected to the gate electrode of the switches S3, S4.
- the resistor assembly RG1, RG2 here dimensioned / set so that the switches S3, S4 are conductive in the presence of the bus voltage.
- a control output ST1, ST2 (for example, coming from a FPGA of the control unit) connected to the manipulated by the resistor assembly RG1, RG2 output voltage can be manipulated to, for example, the switches S3 and S4 to open.
- the control output ST1, ST2 does not necessarily change the parameterization of the resistor group RG1, RG2 (one could also set up the device so that this would be possible), but draws, for example, the output voltage provided by the resistor group to the value NULL.
- the decentralized functional units E remain connected to the power bus EB even if the switching functions of the switches S1 and S2 or the control mechanisms / logic should fail. Due to the drop across the resistor assemblies RG1, RG2 voltage between the positive wire Bus + and the negative wire bus of the power bus EB is in the presence of the bus voltage on at least one of the two sides so always a voltage available that switches the switches S3, S4 and Thus, the decentralized functional unit E always connects to the two wires Bus +, bus- of the feed bus EB. A failure of the network node unit SND thus no longer has a negative impact on the availability of the decentralized functional unit E.
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- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Erfindungsgemäss ist ein System (Sys) zur ausfallsicheren Versorgung eines elektrischen Verbrauchers (E) mit einem redundant ausgeführten Energiebus (EB), über den in einer industriellen Anlage angeordnete dezentrale als elektrische Verbraucher charakterisierbare Funktionseinheiten (E, S, W, Bue, AC) mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden, wobei: a) ein übergeordnetes Steuerungssystem (STW) vorgesehen ist, das mit den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten (E) mittels Datentelegrammen Informationen über einen Datenbus (CB) austauscht, b) Netzknoteneinheiten (SND) sequentiell zwischen zwei Speisepunkten (PS1, PS2) eines ringartig aufgebauten Energiebusses (EB) angeordnet sind, die den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten (E) den Zugang zu dem Energiebus (E) und optional auch zum Datenbus (CB) bereitstellen, c) die Netzknoteneinheiten (SND) über ein von einer Steuereinheit (CPU) steuerbares Schaltmodul (S) verfügen, das einen ersten Schalter (S1) und einen zweiten Schalter (S2) umfasst, wobei mit den beiden Schaltern (S1, S2) ein Zugang zu den beiden Speisepunkten (PS1, PS2) schaltbar ist, d) auf jeder Seite der dezentralen Funktionseinheit (E) je eine zwischen der positven Ader (Bus+) und der negativen Ader (Bus-) des Energiebusses (EB) angeordnete Widerstandsbaugruppe (RG1, RG2) vorgesehen ist, deren Ausgang (A1, A2) an je einen Eingang einer Schaltgruppe (S3, S4) gelegt ist, die eine der beiden Adern (Bus+, Bus-) des Energiebusses (EB) mit der dezentralen Funktionseinheit (E) verbindet, wobei die Widerstandsbaugruppe (RG1, RG2) so eingestellt ist, dass die Schaltgruppe (S3, S4) bei Vorhandensein der Busspannung durchschaltet; und e) je ein auf den Ausgang der Widerstandsbaugruppe (RG1, RG2) geschalteter Steuerausgang (ST1, ST2), mit dem die von der Widerstandsbaugruppe (RG1, RG2) bereitsgestellte Ausgangsspannung manipulierbar ist.According to the invention, a system (Sys) for the fail-safe supply of an electrical load (E) with a redundantly designed power bus (EB) is arranged over the decentralized electrical units (E, S, W, Bue, AC) which can be characterized as electrical consumers in an industrial installation electrical energy are supplied, wherein: a) a higher-order control system (STW) is provided which exchanges information with the decentralized functional units (E) by means of data telegrams via a data bus (CB), b) network node units (SND) are arranged sequentially between two feed points (PS1, PS2) of a ring-shaped power bus (EB), which provide the decentralized functional units (E) access to the power bus (E) and optionally also to the data bus (CB), c) the network node units (SND) have a controllable by a control unit (CPU) switching module (S) comprising a first switch (S1) and a second switch (S2), wherein with the two switches (S1, S2) an access is switchable to the two feed points (PS1, PS2), d) on each side of the decentralized functional unit (E) is provided one each between the positive wire (bus +) and the negative wire (bus) of the power bus (EB) resistor assembly (RG1, RG2) whose output (A1, A2) to each one input of a switching group (S3, S4) is placed, which connects one of the two wires (Bus +, Bus-) of the power bus (EB) with the decentralized functional unit (E), wherein the resistor assembly (RG1, RG2) is set in that the switching group (S3, S4) turns on in the presence of the bus voltage; and e) depending on the output of the resistor assembly (RG1, RG2) connected control output (ST1, ST2), with which the output of the resistor assembly (RG1, RG2) provided output voltage can be manipulated.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein System zur ausfallsicheren Versorgung eines elektrischen Verbrauchers mit einem redundant ausgeführten Energiebus.The present invention relates to a system for the fail-safe supply of an electrical load with a redundant power bus.
Derartige dezentrale Funktionseinheiten werden im Besonderen in Schienenverkehrsnetzwerken z.B wie die Eisenbahn eingesetzt, wo diese genutzt werden, um Fahrzeug beeinflussende und/oder Fahrzeug überwachende Einheiten zu steuern und bezüglich der Funktionalität zu überwachen und um Prozessdaten aufzunehmen und zurück an eine zentrale Steuerungs- und/oder Überwachungszentrale, wie zum Beispiel eine Leitstelle oder ein Stellwerk, zu melden. Als zugbeeinflussende Einheiten, die also Anweisungen an den Fahrzeugführer geben oder sogar direkt Eingriffe in der Fahrzeugsteuerung vornehmen oder direkt einen sicheren Fahrweg einstellen, können beispielsweise Signale, Weichen, Balisen, Linienleiter, Gleismagnete und dergleichen sowie auch Sensoren zum Erfassen von Prozessgrössen des fahrenden Zuges, wie Leistungsaufnahme, Geschwindigkeit und dergleichen, betrachtet werden. Als Zug- und Gleisabschnitt überwachende Einheiten können ebenfalls Balisen und Linienleiter, aber auch Achszähler und Gleisstromkreise und andere Gleisfreimeldesysteme genannt werden. Grundsätzlich betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung aber alle industriellen Anlagen, in denen funktionale Einheiten über grössere Strecken verteilt sind und dennoch zentral gesteuert werden müssen. Die zentrale Steuerung kann dabei von einer ortsfesten Leitstelle, aber auch durch eine nicht-ortsfeste virtuelle Leitstelle wahrgenommen werden.Such decentralized functional units are used in particular in rail transport networks such as the railroad, where they are used to control vehicle influencing and / or vehicle monitoring units and to monitor functionality and to record process data and back to a central control and / or Monitoring center, such as a control center or a signal box, to report. As Zugbeeinflussende units that give instructions to the driver or even make direct intervention in the vehicle control or directly set a safe track, for example, signals, points, balises, line conductors, track magnets and the like, as well as sensors for detecting process variables of the moving train, such as power consumption, speed and the like. As train and track section monitoring units can also balise and line conductors, but also axle and track circuits and other train detection systems are called. Basically, however, the present invention relates to all industrial plants in which functional units are distributed over long distances and yet must be centrally controlled. The central controller can be perceived by a stationary control center, but also by a non-stationary virtual control center.
Aus dem Projekt Sinet® der Siemens Schweiz AG und der dazu korrespondierenden europäischen Patentanmeldung
- a) ein übergeordnetes Steuerungssystem, das mit den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten mittels Datentelegrammen Informationen austauscht,
- b) ein Datentransportnetzwerk mit einer Anzahl von Netzzugangspunkten, wobei das übergeordnete Steuerungssystem über mindestens einen Netzzugangspunkt an dem Datentransportnetzwerk angekoppelt ist;
- c) Kommunikationseinheiten, die jeweils an einem Netzzugangspunkt angeschlossen sind, wobei:
- d) die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten zu Untergruppen mit jeweils eigenem Subnetzwerk zusammengefasst sind; und wobei
- e) das Subnetzwerk jeder der Untergruppen an jedem seiner beiden Ende jeweils über eine Kommunikationseinheit und über einem Netzzugangspunkt an dem Datentransportnetzwerk angekoppelt ist.
- a) a higher-level control system which exchanges information with the decentralized functional units by means of data telegrams,
- b) a data transport network having a number of network access points, wherein the higher-level control system is coupled to the data transport network via at least one network access point;
- c) communication units each connected to a network access point, wherein:
- d) the decentralized functional units are combined into subgroups, each with its own subnetwork; and where
- e) the subnetwork of each of the subgroups at each of its two ends is coupled to the data transport network via a communication unit and via a network access point.
Auf diese Weise kann für die Ankopplung der dezentralen Funktionseinheiten ein digitales Datentransportnetzwerk genutzt werden, welches in jeder Weise robust gegen ein einfaches Fehlerereignis ist, dennoch eine sehr geschickte Verwendung von sehr breit in der Bahntechnik eingesetzten Cu-Kabeln, zum Beispiel bisher vorhandenen Stellwerkskabeln, erlaubt und schliesslich auch nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Zahl von Netzzugangspunkten benötigt.In this way, a digital data transport network can be used for the coupling of the decentralized functional units, which is robust in any way against a simple error event, yet a very clever use of very widely used in railway engineering Cu cables, for example, previously existing interlocking cables allowed and finally only a comparatively small number of network access points needed.
Eine derartige Einrichtung ist dabei in besonders vorteilhafter Weise für ein Schienennetz für den Eisenbahnverkehr einsetzbar. Folglich ist dann zweckmässig, mittels den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten verkehrsüberwachende und verkehrssteuernde Funktionseinheiten, wie insbesondere Signale, Weichen, Achszähler, Gleisstromkreise, punkt- und linienförmige Zugbeeinflussungselemente, an das Datentransportnetzwerk anzukoppeln.Such a device is used in a particularly advantageous manner for a rail network for rail transport. Consequently, it is then expedient, by means of the decentralized functional units traffic-monitoring and traffic-controlling Functional units, such as in particular signals, switches, axle counters, track circuits, point and line train control elements to couple to the data transport network.
Der Aufbau von technischen Anlagen, besonders auch in der Bahninfrastruktur, ist aufgrund der über 100 jährigen Geschichte des Industrieanlagenbaus und des Eisenbahnwesens auf Robustheit und Zuverlässigkeit ausgelegt. In der damaligen Konzeption wurden besonders die Aussenelemente der Bahnsicherungsanlagen über relativ kräftige Kabeladern angeschlossen, um die Schaltzustände über die definierten Distanzen sicher detektieren zu können, d.h. die Auslegung erfolgt entsprechend der Spitzenbelastungen mit ausreichender Reserve. Mit dem Schaltvorgang der Aussenelemente wird über die Energiezuführung auch die Information übermittelt. Daraus folgt aber in naheliegender Weise auch, dass die möglichen Distanzen durch den detektierbaren Energiefluss begrenzt sind. Unter heutigen Flexibilitäts-, Kosten- und ressourcenpolitischen Aspekten sind diese etablierten Konzepte neben der durch die
Hierzu offenbart die internationalen Patentanmeldung
- a) ein übergeordnetes Steuerungssystem, das mit den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten mittels Datentelegrammen Informationen austauscht,
- b) ein Datentransportnetzwerk mit einer Anzahl von Netzzugangspunkten, wobei das übergeordnete Steuerungssystem über mindestens einen Netzzugangspunkt an dem Datentransportnetzwerk angekoppelt ist;
- c) Kommunikationseinheiten, die an einem Netzzugangspunkt angeschlossen sind und den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten den Zugang zu dem Datentransportnetzwerk bereitstellen, und
- d) ein Energietransportnetz, an das die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten angeschlossen sind und das die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Auf diese Weise ist nun auch das Energietransportnetz vollkommen von einem Stellwerk entkoppelt.
- a) a higher-level control system which exchanges information with the decentralized functional units by means of data telegrams,
- b) a data transport network with a number of network access points, wherein the parent Control system is coupled via at least one network access point on the data transport network;
- c) communication units which are connected to a network access point and provide access to the data transport network to the decentralized functional units, and
- d) an energy transport network to which the decentralized functional units are connected and which supplies the decentralized functional units with electrical energy. In this way, the energy transport network is now completely decoupled from a signal box.
Ausgehend von der heutigen Stellwerkarchitektur mit dezentralen Stationen, aber Punkt-zu-Punkt-Energiezuführung, wird hiermit ein neuer, innovativer Ansatz beschritten, der von der Siemens Schweiz AG unter dem Namen Sigrid® vertrieben. Die heutigen kabel- und arbeitsintensiven Punkt- zu Punkt-Verbindungen für die Stromversorgung bzw. die Energieversorgung der peripheren Elemente entlang dem Gleis (Element Controller oder auch dezentrale Funktionseinheit genannt) werden ersetzt durch adernsparende und einfach zu montierende Bus- oder Ringleitungen.Based on today's interlocking architecture with decentralized stations, but point-to-point energy supply, this is a new, innovative approach, which was sold by Siemens Switzerland AG under the name Sigrid®. Today's cable-intensive and labor-intensive point-to-point connections for the power supply or power supply of the peripheral elements along the track (element controller or decentralized functional unit) are replaced by wire-saving and easy-to-install bus or ring circuits.
Die in der
Wenn der Energiebus zwischen zwei Stellwerken oder sonstigen Einrichtungen mit Anschluss zu den Energieversorgungsnetzen verlegt wird, so kann die Versorgung der angeschlossenen Verbraucher (dezentrale Funktionseinheiten) von beiden Speiseseiten erfolgen. Dadurch wird eine bisher noch nicht verfügbare Redundanz der Energieversorgung geschaffen. Die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten - auch Element Controller oder kurz EC genannt) werden dabei durch Netzknoteneinheiten - auch Buskoppler oder kurz SND - Smart Node Device genannt - an den Datenbus und den Energiebus angeschlossen, die Steuerungs-, Überwachungs- und Diagnosefunktionen übernehmen können. Die SND können beispielsweise den Energiebus unterbrechen bzw. durchschalten, sowie Ströme und Spannungen im Energiebus messen.If the power bus is routed between two signal boxes or other devices connected to the power supply networks, the Supply of the connected consumers (decentralized functional units) from both feed sides. This creates a previously unavailable redundancy of the energy supply. The decentralized functional units - also known as element controllers or EC for short) are connected to the data bus and the power bus via network node units - also called bus couplers or SNDs for short - which can assume control, monitoring and diagnostic functions. For example, the SNDs can interrupt or bypass the power bus, as well as measure currents and voltages in the power bus.
Einfache Defekte, also beispielsweise Kurzschlüsse oder Unterbrüche, im Energiebus führen bei korrekter Behandlung aufgrund der Redundanz nicht unmittelbar zu einem Ausfall von Elementen. Im Fall einer ausfallenden Speiseseite würde die Versorgung aller dezentralen Funktionselemente von der zweiten Speiseseite übernommen. Ein Verfahren und System zur entsprechende Behandlung und Unterbindung von Kurzschlüssen des Energiebusses sind aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung
Die Auskopplung der Energie aus dem Energiebus zu den zu versorgenden dezentralen Funktionseinheiten hat aber kontrolliert zu erfolgen, um die hohe Verfügbarkeit auch in einem Fehlerfall gewährleisten zu könnnen. Diese Auskopplung mit den notwendigen Abschaltfunktionen wird von den Netzknoteneinheiten übernommen. Um alle möglichen Fehlerfälle (Überlast in einem Segment des Energiebusses oder zu einem Verbraucher) jedoch beherrschen zu können, verfügt die Netzknoteneinheit über steuerbare Schalter um den Energiebus nach links, nach rechts und zum Verbraucher unterbrechen zu können. Eine derartig ausgestattete Netzknoteneinheit ist beispielsweise in der o.g. europäischen Patentanmeldung
Kritisch ist nun jedoch, dass diese Netzknoteneinheit ein einzelnes nicht redundant vorhandenes Element in der Energieversorgungskette bis hin zu der dezentralen Funktionseinheit ist. Mit anderen Worten heisst dies, dass ein Ausfall dieser Netzknoteneinheit, wie zum Beispiel ein Ausfall der Steuereinheit der Netzknoteneinheit, sich negativ auf die Gesamtverfügbarkeit der industriellen Anlage auswirkt, obwohl der Energiebus selbst durch seine redundante Ausgestaltung stets verfügbar ist. Eine naheliegende Lösung würde dabei die Einfügung einer zweiten redundanten Netzknoteneinheit vorsehen, was allerdings aus Kosten- und Wartungsgründen eher als nachteilig angesehen wird.However, it is critical that this network node unit is a single non-redundant element in the power supply chain up to the decentralized functional unit. In other words, this means that a failure of this network node unit, such as a failure of the control unit of the network node unit, has a negative effect on the overall availability of the industrial plant, although the power bus itself is always available due to its redundant design. An obvious solution would be the insertion of a second redundant network node unit, which, however, is considered disadvantageous for cost and maintenance reasons.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System zur ausfallsicheren Versorgung eines elektrischen Verbrauchers mit einem redundant ausgeführten Energiebus anzugeben, bei der selbst der Ausfall einer Netzknoteneinheit nicht dazu führt, dass eine dezentrale Funktionseinheiten komplett von der Versorgung mit elektrischer Energie abgekoppelt ist.The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a system for fail-safe supply of an electrical load with a redundant running power bus, in which even the failure of a network node unit does not cause a decentralized functional units is completely decoupled from the supply of electrical energy.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein System zur ausfallsicheren Versorgung eines elektrischen Verbrauchers mit einem redundant ausgeführten Energiebus, über den in einer industriellen Anlage angeordnete dezentrale als elektrische Verbraucher charakterisierbare Funktionseinheiten mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden, gelöst, wobei:
- a) ein übergeordnetes Steuerungssystem vorgesehen ist, das mit den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten mittels Datentelegrammen Informationen über einen Datenbus austauscht,
- b) Netzknoteneinheiten sequentiell zwischen zwei Speisepunkten eines ringartig aufgebauten Energiebusses angeordnet sind, die den dezentralen Funktionseinheiten den Zugang zu dem Energiebus und optional auch zum Datenbus bereitstellen,
- c) die Netzknoteneinheiten über ein von einer Steuereinheit steuerbares Schaltmodul verfügen, das einen ersten Schalter und einen zweiten Schalter umfasst, wobei mit den beiden Schaltern je ein Zugang zu den beiden Speisepunkten des Energiebusses schaltbar ist,
- d) auf jeder Seite der dezentralen Funktionseinheit je eine zwischen der positven und der negativen Ader des Energiebusses angeordnete Widerstandsbaugruppe vorgesehen ist, deren Ausgang an je einen Eingang einer Schaltgruppe gelegt ist, die eine der beiden Adern des Energiebusses mit der dezentralen Funktionseinheit verbindet, wobei die Widerstandsbaugruppe so eingestellt ist, dass die Schaltgruppe bei Vorhandensein der Busspannung leitend ist; und
- e) je ein auf den Ausgang der Widerstandsbaugruppe geschalteter Steuerausgang, mit dem die von der Widerstandsbaugruppe bereitsgestellte Ausgangsspannung manipulierbar ist.
- a) a higher-level control system is provided, which with the decentralized functional units means Data telegrams exchanges information via a data bus,
- b) network node units are arranged sequentially between two feed points of a ring-shaped power bus, which provide the decentralized functional units access to the power bus and optionally also to the data bus,
- c) the network node units have a controllable by a control unit switching module comprising a first switch and a second switch, wherein the two switches each having an access to the two feed points of the power bus is switchable
- d) is provided on each side of the decentralized functional unit depending disposed between the positive and the negative wire of the power bus resistor assembly whose output is connected to each one input of a switching group that connects one of the two wires of the power bus with the decentralized functional unit, said Resistor assembly is set so that the switching group is conductive in the presence of the bus voltage; and
- e) depending on the output of the resistor assembly connected control output, with which the output voltage provided by the resistor assembly can be manipulated.
Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, dass die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten auch dann mit dem Energiebus verbunden bleiben, wenn die Schaltfunktionen bzw. deren Steuerungsmechanismen/logik ausfallen sollten. Durch die über der Widerstandsbaugruppe abfallende Spannung zwischen der positiven und negativen Ader des Energiebusses steht bei Vorhandensein der Busspannung auf zumindest einer der beiden Speiseseiten somit immer eine Spannung zur Verfügung, die die Schaltgruppe durchschaltet und somit die dezentrale Funktionseinheit immer mit den beiden Adern des Speisebusses verbindet.In this way it is ensured that the decentralized functional units remain connected to the power bus even if the switching functions or their control mechanisms / logic should fail. Due to the falling across the resistor assembly voltage between the positive and negative wire of the power bus is thus always a voltage available in the presence of the bus voltage on at least one of the two sides, which connects the switching group and thus always connects the decentralized functional unit with the two wires of the feed bus ,
Ein Ausfall der Netzknoteneinheit hat somit keinen negativen Einfluss mehr auf die Verfügbarkeit der an ihr ankoppelnden dezentralen Funktionseinheit.A failure of the network node unit thus no longer has a negative impact on the availability of the decentralized functional unit coupling to it.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können der erste Schalter und der zweite Schalter jeweils zwei in die jeweiligen Busader gegengerichtet geschaltete Feldeffekttransistoren umfassen, deren Gateelektroden von der Steuereinheit steuerbar sind. Ein zwischen den Feldeffekttransistoren vorgesehener Abzweig von der jeweiligen Busader zu der dezentralen Funktionseinheit kann somit durch die entsprechende Beschaltung der jeweiligen Gateelektrode(n) zu jeder der beiden Speiseseiten verbunden und auch selektiv aufgetrennt werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first switch and the second switch each comprise two counter-switched in the respective bus core field effect transistors whose gate electrodes are controlled by the control unit. A branch provided between the field-effect transistors from the respective bus core to the decentralized functional unit can thus be connected to each of the two supply sides by the corresponding wiring of the respective gate electrode (s) and also selectively separated.
Weiter können auch die Schaltgruppen je einen Feldeffekttransistor umfassen, dessen Gateelektrode auf dem Potenzial des Steuerausgangs liegt. Damit ist es über die Einstellung des am Steuerausgang anliegenden Potenzials möglich die dezentrale Funktionseinheit bewusst von einer der beiden oder beider Speiseseiten einer der Busadern abzutrennen.Furthermore, the switching groups may each comprise a field-effect transistor whose gate electrode is at the potential of the control output. Thus, by adjusting the potential applied to the control output, it is possible to intentionally disconnect the decentralized functional unit from one of the two or both feed sides of one of the bus wires.
Hinsichtlich der Steuerung des Steuerausgang kann eine besonders einfach konfigurierbare und auch kostengünstige Lösung bereitgestellt werden, wenn der Steuerausgang von einem FPGA, das vorzugsweise ein Bestandteil der Steuereinheit ist, ansteuerbar ist.With regard to the control of the control output, a particularly easily configurable and also cost-effective solution can be provided if the control output can be controlled by an FPGA, which is preferably a component of the control unit.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention can be taken from the remaining subclaims.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
Figur 1- in schematischer Ansicht eine Stellwerkarchitektur mit einem Datenbus und einem Energiebus;
Figur 2- in schematischer Ansicht eine Netzknoteneinheit zur Verbindung einer dezentralen Funktionseinheit mit dem Datenbus und Energiebus; und
Figur 3- in schematischer Ansicht eine Ausführungsvariante für die Beschaltung eines Schaltmoduls einer Netzknoteneinheit.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic view of a interlocking architecture with a data bus and an energy bus;
- FIG. 2
- a schematic view of a network node unit for connecting a decentralized functional unit with the data bus and power bus; and
- FIG. 3
- a schematic view of an embodiment variant for the wiring of a switching module of a network node unit.
Somit wird die Netzknoteneinheit immer in redundanter Weise von zwei Seiten her mit elektrischer Energie versorgt und verfügt daher im Rahmen eines Schaltmoduls S über einen linken Schalter S1 und einen rechten Schalter S2 sowie über einen Lastschalter S3 zur Versorgungseinheit SPU des Element Controllers EC.Thus, the network node unit is always supplied in redundant manner from two sides with electrical energy and therefore has in the context of a switching module S via a left switch S1 and a right switch S2 and a load switch S3 to the supply unit SPU of the element controller EC.
Die Netzknoteneinheit SND versorgt auch die Kommunikationseinheit SCU mit Spannung und kann mit dieser auch über eine Ethernet-Verbindung Daten austauschen und ist damit in den Datenbus CB eingebunden (z.B. Aktivieren des Handbetriebs des SND über Fernzugriff und Betätigen der Schalter S1 bis S3, Abgabe von Diagnosedaten an das Stellwerk oder ein übergeordnetes Service- und Diagnosesytem, Abfrage der aktuellen Spannungen, Ströme, Energie- und Leistungswerte, Parametrierung des SND, Daten für Aufladung eines hier nicht weiter dargestellten Energiespeichers oder die Anmeldung eines zukünftigen Leistungsbedarfs). In die Netzknoteneinheit SND ist hier über den Schalter S3 die Versorgungseinheit SPU integriert, die die Spannung des Energiebusses EB auf die für den Element Controller EC erforderliche Eingangsspannung konvertiert. Zudem ist eine Datenverbindung zwischen dem Schaltmodul S der Netzknoteneinheit SND und der Versorgungseinheit SPU, z.B. in Form einer serielle RS 422 oder Ethernet, vorgesehen. Energietechnisch typisch ist hier zum Beispiel eine dreiphasige Verbindung mit 400 VAC. Der Element Controller EC steuert und versorgt in
Auf diese Weise bleiben die dezentralen Funktionseinheiten E auch dann mit dem Energiebus EB verbunden, wenn die Schaltfunktionen der Schalter S1 und S2 bzw. die Steuerungsmechanismen/logik ausfallen sollten. Durch die über die Widerstandsbaugruppen RG1, RG2 abfallende Spannung zwischen der positiven Ader Bus+ und der negativen Ader Bus- des Energiebusses EB steht bei Vorhandensein der Busspannung auf zumindest einer der beiden Speiseseiten somit immer eine Spannung zur Verfügung, die die Schalter S3, S4 durchschaltet und somit die dezentrale Funktionseinheit E immer mit den beiden Adern Bus+, Bus- des Speisebusses EB verbindet. Ein Ausfall der Netzknoteneinheit SND hat somit keinen negativen Einfluss mehr auf die Verfügbarkeit der an ihr ankoppelnden dezentralen Funktionseinheit E.In this way, the decentralized functional units E remain connected to the power bus EB even if the switching functions of the switches S1 and S2 or the control mechanisms / logic should fail. Due to the drop across the resistor assemblies RG1, RG2 voltage between the positive wire Bus + and the negative wire bus of the power bus EB is in the presence of the bus voltage on at least one of the two sides so always a voltage available that switches the switches S3, S4 and Thus, the decentralized functional unit E always connects to the two wires Bus +, bus- of the feed bus EB. A failure of the network node unit SND thus no longer has a negative impact on the availability of the decentralized functional unit E.
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der erste Schalter (S1) und der zweite Schalter (S2) jeweils zwei in die jeweiligen Busader (Bus+, Bus-) gegengerichtet geschaltete Feldeffekttransistoren (T1 bis T4) umfassen, deren Gateelektrode von der Steuereinheit steuerbar ist.System according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the first switch (S1) and the second switch (S2) each comprise two field-effect transistors (T1 to T4), which are connected in the respective bus core (bus +, bus) in opposite directions and whose gate electrode is controllable by the control unit.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Schaltgruppen (S3, S4) je einen Feldeffekttransistor (T5, T6) umfassen, dessen Gateelektrode auf dem Potenzial des Steuerausgangs (ST1, ST2) liegt.System according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the switching groups (S3, S4) each comprise a field effect transistor (T5, T6) whose gate electrode is at the potential of the control output (ST1, ST2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Steuerausgang (ST1, ST2) von einem FPGA, das vorzugsweise ein Bestandteil der Steuereinheit der Netzknoteneinheit (SND) ist, ansteuerbar ist.System according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the control output (ST1, ST2) can be controlled by an FPGA, which is preferably a component of the control unit of the network node unit (SND).
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EP4037126A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-03 | Siemens Mobility AG | System for the controlled rapid start and operation of a redundantly designed power bus for fail-safe supply of an electrical consumer |
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