EP3409829A1 - Composition comprising hydrocarbons, emulsifiers and water, its use and products comprising such composition - Google Patents
Composition comprising hydrocarbons, emulsifiers and water, its use and products comprising such composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3409829A1 EP3409829A1 EP17173524.4A EP17173524A EP3409829A1 EP 3409829 A1 EP3409829 A1 EP 3409829A1 EP 17173524 A EP17173524 A EP 17173524A EP 3409829 A1 EP3409829 A1 EP 3409829A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- tow
- composition
- composition according
- anyone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 sorbitan diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003996 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010958 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001959 sucrose esters of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010965 sucrose esters of fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002642 Polysorbate 65 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KSZVHVUMUSIKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(O)=O KSZVHVUMUSIKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074045 glyceryl distearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068977 polysorbate 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099511 polysorbate 65 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004018 propan-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000583 toxicological profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/02—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
- D06M13/2243—Mono-, di-, or triglycerides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/091—Water solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/46—Textile oils
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
- D06M2101/08—Esters or ethers of cellulose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
Definitions
- the present invention concerns composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, at least one emulsifier and at least one aqueous phase.
- the invention further concerns a water in oil emulsion comprising the composition, a process in which they are applied to fibres or tow, fibres or tow comprising the composition and cigarette filters comprising such fibres or tow, wherein the fibres to tow are cellulose acetate fibres or tow.
- auxiliary formulations are applied to the fibres and tows to avoid wear and rupture of the fibres, avoid electrostatic charging of fibres and reduce dust formation on fibres and roller points.
- these formulations comprise mineral oils, at least one emulsifier and water.
- Such formulations are described, for example, in WO2004007831 .
- hydrocarbons which are liquid at 20°C obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, are suitable for being used in compositions that can be employed as auxiliary formulations in the manufacture of fibres and yarns.
- the compositions of the present invention often display several advantages, such as good lubricating properties, high viscosity index, low evaporation loss, stability of the composition, advantageous impurity profile and thus toxicology, stability against discoloration and staining, light stability, lower dust level in fibre production and, being manufactured from non-mineral hydrocarbon sources such as natural gas, are advantageous in view of environmental sustainability.
- the invention thus concerns a composition
- a composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, at least one emulsifier and at least one aqueous phase, and a water in oil emulsion, comprising the composition.
- Another subject of the present invention is a process for making fibres or tow in which the composition or water in oil emulsion is applied to fibres or tow.
- Yet another object of the present invention is the use of the composition or water in oil emulsion in a manufacturing process as an auxiliary for the spinning of fibres, fibres or tow comprising the composition or water in oil emulsion and cigarette filters comprising such fibres or tow, wherein the fibres or the tow are cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
- the composition according to the present invention can also be denoted as fibre finish, spinning finish or lubricant.
- the "at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C” is a liquid hydrocarbon which is obtained by a catalysed process from syngas.
- Such processes often generally are described as Fischer-Tropsch-processes.
- Fischer-Tropsch-processes a mixture comprising carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H 2 , the so-called “syngas”, is converted at elevated pressures, temperatures and in the presence of at least one catalyst, into a mixture of hydrocarbons.
- Desired chain lengths and isomerizations of the hydrocarbons can be steered by choosing the corresponding reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, syngas composition or presence of water.
- Syngas can be obtained by methods as gas to liquid (GTL) technology, wherein low molecular weight hydrocarbon materials, such as methane or natural gas mainly comprising methane, are converted into syngas.
- Other possible syngas sources are coal to liquid (CTL) process or biomass or biogas to liquid (BTL).
- the at least one hydrocarbon that is obtained by a process of converting syngas is liquid at 20°C.
- the gaseous source that is the source for at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C (and at ambient pressure of about 1 bar abs) and the manufacturing process clearly distinguishes the liquid hydrocarbon from mineral oils, as these hydrocarbons generally have a different structure and structure distribution and a different impurity profile, such as less sulphurous impurities, olefinic, aromatic and polycyclic aromatic impurities.
- the liquid hydrocarbons according to the present invention generally display a number of different characteristics, such as advantageous viscosity index and low evaporation losses. An advantageously high viscosity index indicates that the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon is relatively unaffected by temperature changes.
- the composition according to the present invention comprises further at least one emulsifier.
- An emulsifier is generally defined as a surfactant which when present in small amounts facilitates the formation of an emulsion, or enhances its colloidal stability by decreasing either or both of the rates of aggregation and coalescence.
- the at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monoesters, derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, sorbitan diesters, derivatives of sorbitan diesters, sorbitan triesters, derivatives of sorbitan triesters, polyglyerol esters and derivatives of polyglyerol esters. It is preferred that the esters be esters with fatty acids.
- any fatty acid can be used as the fatty acid.
- Fatty acids denote aliphatic monocarboxylic acids derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated.
- Preferred fatty acids for esterification according to the present invention include stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid and ricinoleic acid ([R-(Z)]-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid).
- the fatty acids employed can be derived from maize, cotton oil, palm oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, soy oil, safflower oil, copra, castor oil or other oils of native origin.
- the fatty acids can be hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated and condensed or noncondensed. Fatty acids with a carbon chain length of from 10 to 25 are preferred. Lauric acid is the most preferred fatty acid.
- sorbitan is ethoxylated before the esterification with one or more fatty acids.
- a sorbitanmonoester or a sorbitandiester or a sorbitantriester with one or more fatty acids is ethoxylated after the esterification with one or more fatty acids. Ethoxylation rates of from 5-30 mole ethylene oxide units per mole sorbitan are preferred. Ethoxylated sorbitanesters formed from sorbitanesters or sorbitanesters formed from ethoxylated sorbitan comprise derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, diesters and triesters.
- a preferred composition comprises sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate as emulsifiers, wherein the sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate preferably has from 10 to 25, more preferably 18 to 22, and most preferably 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol distributed across the different possible chains of the sorbitan scaffold.
- the preferred sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate is, for example, known as Polysorbate 20 (E432) or Tween®20.
- emulsifiers are sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, polysorbate 80 (E433), polysorbate 65 (E436, polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate), E471 (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate), E476 (Polyglycerol polyricinoleate), E477 (Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids), E473 (Sucrose esters of fatty acids).
- the at least one emulsifier is present in the composition in an amount of from 15 wt % to 45 wt % of the composition.
- a content of from 20 to 40 wt% is preferred, and a content of from 25 to 35 wt% is most preferred.
- the foregoing amounts represents the combined amount of emulsifiers present in the composition.
- a preferred emulsifier is an emulsifier mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate, wherein the sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate preferably has from 10 to 25, more preferably 18 to 22, and most preferably 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol distributed across the different possible chains of the sorbitan scaffold.
- the weight ratio of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate generally is from 1:9 to 9:1, with the sum of both emulsifiers set at 10.
- the weight ratio is from 3:7 to 7:3, and even more preferably of from 4:6 to 6:4. In a most preferred aspect, the ratio is from 5.1 - 5.5 : 4.9 - 4.5.
- the composition comprises at least one aqueous phase.
- the at least one aqueous phase generally is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt %, preferably in an amount of from 3 to 10 wt%, and most preferably in an amount of from 5 to 7 wt%. This amount includes any aqueous phase contributed by other components, for example emulsifiers used for the composition.
- the aqueous phase preferably is water. Water includes de-mineralized water, de-ionized water, or otherwise appropriately filtered and treated water. In some cases, additives can be added to the aqueous phase.
- the composition generally displays good lubricating properties, high viscosity index, low evaporation loss, stability of the composition, advantageous impurity profile and thus toxicology, stability against discoloration and staining, light stability, lower dust level in fibre production and, being manufactured from non-mineral hydrocarbon sources such as natural gas, are advantageous in view of environmental sustainability. Stability of the composition can be measured, for example, by controlling the turbidity of the composition. Light stability is also advantageous, as it is often undesirable to have discolorations of fibres.
- the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C generally has a viscosity of from 9 mm 2 /s at 40°C, which is approximately equal to 19 mm 2 /s at 20 °C, to 43 mm 2 /s at 40°C, which is approximately equal to 111 mm 2 /s at 20 °C.
- a viscosity of from 9.2 to 30 mm 2 /s at 40°C is preferred. The viscosity is determined according to ISO 3104.
- the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C often has a carbon chain length distribution of from C18 to C50, preferably of from C20 to C29.
- the chain length distribution is measured by gas chromatography using an Agilent 6890 equipped with a capillary column HP-1 having an inner diameter of 0.25 mm and a film thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m and a FID detector using a temperature ramp from 60 °C to 320 °C at a heating rate of 25 °C per minute at a Helium flow rate of 1.1 ml per minute.
- a sample of 15 mg of the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C in 6 mL cyclohexane is measured, and the obtained spectrum compared to a spectrum of an external standard solution of n-alkanes (C16, C20, C26, C32 C38) in cyclohexane using the same experimental parameters the chain length distribution.
- the composition according to the present invention preferably is used as lubricant or finish for spun fibres, in particular for fibres essentially consisting of cellulose acetate.
- the lubricant generally helps to reduce or prevent rupture of the fibres, electrostatic charging of fibres, dust formation on fibres, unwanted adhesion of fibres or elevated temperatures in processing.
- the composition according to the present invention generally is formulated into an oil in water emulsion comprising the composition.
- the oil in water comprises from 1 to 20 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 80 to 99% water.
- the oil in water emulsion comprises from 1 to 10 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 90 to 99% water, and more preferably, the oil in water emulsion comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 95 to 99% water.
- the composition according to the present invention can generally be obtained by mixing the ingredients under stirring, for example at room temperature. While the addition order often is not critical, it is preferred that the hydrocarbon is first provided, and that under continuous stirring, the other components are added in the order of emulsifiers, either combined or individually in case more than one emulsifier is present, and then aqueous phase, preferably water. It is often advantageous to stir the composition for approximately further 10 to 120 minutes.
- the procedure for the manufacture can be effected at room temperature of about 20°C, or at slightly elevated temperatures of up to 60°C.
- the invention further concerns a manufacturing process which comprises a step of applying the composition according to the present invention, the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention or any other composition comprising the composition according to the present invention to fibres or tow comprising fibres.
- the fibre is a cellulose acetate fibre or the tow is a cellulose acetate tow.
- the invention concerns a manufacturing process which comprises the steps of
- a fibre dope is a solution of fibre polymer, in particular cellulose acetate, in an appropriate solvent, which is in the case of cellulose acetate acetone.
- the fibres or the tow according to the manufacturing process are preferably cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
- the dope can comprise further additives, such as degradation additives, colour additives or filtration additives.
- the cellulose acetate generally has a degree of substitution of from 1.5 to 3.0, preferably from 2.2 to 2.7.
- the degree of polymerisation generally is from 150 to 500, preferably from 180 to 280.
- the principles of spinning a dope of cellulose acetate are described, for example in P. Rustemeyer, Macromolecular Symposia, Volume 208, Issue 1, 2004, p. 267-292 .
- a method for baling is described, for example, in WO2016/174162 .
- the invention concerns also fibres or a tow comprising the composition according to the present invention, or comprising the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention.
- the fibres or the tow are preferably cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
- the fibres or tow generally have a LOF value (lubricant on fibre value) of from 0.1 to 3 wt%, preferably of from 0.7 to 2 wt%.
- the LOF value denotes and represents the lubricant less added water on either fibre or tow.
- Another object of the present invention concerns the use of the composition according the present invention or the oil in water emulsion according to the present invention in a manufacturing process as an auxiliary for the spinning of fibres, in particular for spinning of cellulose acetate fibres.
- a further object of the present invention is a cigarette filter, comprising the fibres or the tow according the present invention, which comprise the composition according to the present invention, or which comprise the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention, wherein the fibres or the tow are cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
- the cigarette filter according to the present invention can have particularly advantageous properties in view of toxicological profile with regard to the hydrocarbons and their impurities and the low evaporation loss.
- Shell Ondina X415 is provided at room temperature, and under continuous stirring, a mixture of sorbitan monolaurate (Alkamuls ® S20) and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate (Tween®20) ratio 5.1 : 4.9 is added in an amount to equal 34 wt% of the total composition. Finally, de-ionized water is added under stirring to equal approximately 6 wt% of the total composition. The composition is stirred for a further 30 minutes. The composition is a stable, homogenous mixture.
- composition according to example 1 is added to de-ionized water under stirring at room temperature to equal 4 wt% of the final oil in water emulsion.
- the oil in water emulsion is stirred for another 60 minutes.
- the oil in water emulsion is applied to cellulose acetate fibres after exit from the spinning cabinet, before entry into the crimper.
- the emulsion displays excellent lubricating qualities, and little dust formation is observed.
- a cigarette filter made from tow obtained from the spun cellulose acetate fibres displays an excellent low profile of impurities and low evaporation loss when submitted to standard tests.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, at least one emulsifier and at least one aqueous phase. The invention further concerns a water in oil emulsion comprising the composition, a process in which they are applied to fibres or tow, fibres or tow comprising the composition and cigarette filters comprising such fibres or tow, wherein the fibres to tow are cellulose acetate fibres or tow.
- It is known that in the production of various fibres and tows comprising fibres, auxiliary formulations are applied to the fibres and tows to avoid wear and rupture of the fibres, avoid electrostatic charging of fibres and reduce dust formation on fibres and roller points. Generally, these formulations comprise mineral oils, at least one emulsifier and water. Such formulations are described, for example, in
WO2004007831 . - It was now found that hydrocarbons which are liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, are suitable for being used in compositions that can be employed as auxiliary formulations in the manufacture of fibres and yarns. The compositions of the present invention often display several advantages, such as good lubricating properties, high viscosity index, low evaporation loss, stability of the composition, advantageous impurity profile and thus toxicology, stability against discoloration and staining, light stability, lower dust level in fibre production and, being manufactured from non-mineral hydrocarbon sources such as natural gas, are advantageous in view of environmental sustainability.
- The invention thus concerns a composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, at least one emulsifier and at least one aqueous phase, and a water in oil emulsion, comprising the composition. Another subject of the present invention is a process for making fibres or tow in which the composition or water in oil emulsion is applied to fibres or tow. Yet another object of the present invention is the use of the composition or water in oil emulsion in a manufacturing process as an auxiliary for the spinning of fibres, fibres or tow comprising the composition or water in oil emulsion and cigarette filters comprising such fibres or tow, wherein the fibres or the tow are cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
- In the present invention, designations in singular are in intended to include the plural; for example, "a solvent" is intended to denote also "more than one solvent" or "a plurality of solvents".
- All "aspects" of the present invention are combinable.
- In the context of the present invention, the term "comprising" is intended to include the meaning of "consisting of'.
- The composition according to the present invention can also be denoted as fibre finish, spinning finish or lubricant. The "at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C" is a liquid hydrocarbon which is obtained by a catalysed process from syngas. Such processes often generally are described as Fischer-Tropsch-processes. In Fischer-Tropsch-processes, a mixture comprising carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H2, the so-called "syngas", is converted at elevated pressures, temperatures and in the presence of at least one catalyst, into a mixture of hydrocarbons. Desired chain lengths and isomerizations of the hydrocarbons can be steered by choosing the corresponding reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, syngas composition or presence of water. Syngas can be obtained by methods as gas to liquid (GTL) technology, wherein low molecular weight hydrocarbon materials, such as methane or natural gas mainly comprising methane, are converted into syngas. Other possible syngas sources are coal to liquid (CTL) process or biomass or biogas to liquid (BTL). According to the present invention, the at least one hydrocarbon that is obtained by a process of converting syngas is liquid at 20°C. The gaseous source that is the source for at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C (and at ambient pressure of about 1 bar abs) and the manufacturing process clearly distinguishes the liquid hydrocarbon from mineral oils, as these hydrocarbons generally have a different structure and structure distribution and a different impurity profile, such as less sulphurous impurities, olefinic, aromatic and polycyclic aromatic impurities. The liquid hydrocarbons according to the present invention generally display a number of different characteristics, such as advantageous viscosity index and low evaporation losses. An advantageously high viscosity index indicates that the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon is relatively unaffected by temperature changes.
- The composition according to the present invention comprises further at least one emulsifier. An emulsifier is generally defined as a surfactant which when present in small amounts facilitates the formation of an emulsion, or enhances its colloidal stability by decreasing either or both of the rates of aggregation and coalescence. In one aspect of the present invention, the at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monoesters, derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, sorbitan diesters, derivatives of sorbitan diesters, sorbitan triesters, derivatives of sorbitan triesters, polyglyerol esters and derivatives of polyglyerol esters. It is preferred that the esters be esters with fatty acids. Generally, any fatty acid can be used as the fatty acid. Fatty acids denote aliphatic monocarboxylic acids derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. Preferred fatty acids for esterification according to the present invention include stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid and ricinoleic acid ([R-(Z)]-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid). Alternatively, the fatty acids employed can be derived from maize, cotton oil, palm oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, soy oil, safflower oil, copra, castor oil or other oils of native origin. The fatty acids can be hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated and condensed or noncondensed. Fatty acids with a carbon chain length of from 10 to 25 are preferred. Lauric acid is the most preferred fatty acid. In one aspect, sorbitan is ethoxylated before the esterification with one or more fatty acids. In another aspect, a sorbitanmonoester or a sorbitandiester or a sorbitantriester with one or more fatty acids is ethoxylated after the esterification with one or more fatty acids. Ethoxylation rates of from 5-30 mole ethylene oxide units per mole sorbitan are preferred. Ethoxylated sorbitanesters formed from sorbitanesters or sorbitanesters formed from ethoxylated sorbitan comprise derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, diesters and triesters. A preferred composition comprises sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate as emulsifiers, wherein the sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate preferably has from 10 to 25, more preferably 18 to 22, and most preferably 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol distributed across the different possible chains of the sorbitan scaffold. The preferred sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate is, for example, known as Polysorbate 20 (E432) or Tween®20. Other preferred emulsifiers are sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, polysorbate 80 (E433), polysorbate 65 (E436, polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate), E471 (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate), E476 (Polyglycerol polyricinoleate), E477 (Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids), E473 (Sucrose esters of fatty acids).
- In one aspect of the present invention, the at least one emulsifier is present in the composition in an amount of from 15 wt % to 45 wt % of the composition. A content of from 20 to 40 wt% is preferred, and a content of from 25 to 35 wt% is most preferred. When more than one emulsifier is present in the composition, the foregoing amounts represents the combined amount of emulsifiers present in the composition.
- A preferred emulsifier is an emulsifier mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate, wherein the sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate preferably has from 10 to 25, more preferably 18 to 22, and most preferably 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol distributed across the different possible chains of the sorbitan scaffold. The weight ratio of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate generally is from 1:9 to 9:1, with the sum of both emulsifiers set at 10. Preferably, the weight ratio is from 3:7 to 7:3, and even more preferably of from 4:6 to 6:4. In a most preferred aspect, the ratio is from 5.1 - 5.5 : 4.9 - 4.5.
- In the composition according to the present invention, the composition comprises at least one aqueous phase. The at least one aqueous phase generally is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt %, preferably in an amount of from 3 to 10 wt%, and most preferably in an amount of from 5 to 7 wt%. This amount includes any aqueous phase contributed by other components, for example emulsifiers used for the composition. The aqueous phase preferably is water. Water includes de-mineralized water, de-ionized water, or otherwise appropriately filtered and treated water. In some cases, additives can be added to the aqueous phase.
- The composition generally displays good lubricating properties, high viscosity index, low evaporation loss, stability of the composition, advantageous impurity profile and thus toxicology, stability against discoloration and staining, light stability, lower dust level in fibre production and, being manufactured from non-mineral hydrocarbon sources such as natural gas, are advantageous in view of environmental sustainability. Stability of the composition can be measured, for example, by controlling the turbidity of the composition. Light stability is also advantageous, as it is often undesirable to have discolorations of fibres.
- According to the present invention, the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C generally has a viscosity of from 9 mm2/s at 40°C, which is approximately equal to 19 mm2/s at 20 °C, to 43 mm2/s at 40°C, which is approximately equal to 111 mm2/s at 20 °C. A viscosity of from 9.2 to 30 mm2/s at 40°C is preferred. The viscosity is determined according to ISO 3104.
- In one aspect, the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C often has a carbon chain length distribution of from C18 to C50, preferably of from C20 to C29. The chain length distribution is measured by gas chromatography using an Agilent 6890 equipped with a capillary column HP-1 having an inner diameter of 0.25 mm and a film thickness of 0.1 µm and a FID detector using a temperature ramp from 60 °C to 320 °C at a heating rate of 25 °C per minute at a Helium flow rate of 1.1 ml per minute. A sample of 15 mg of the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C in 6 mL cyclohexane is measured, and the obtained spectrum compared to a spectrum of an external standard solution of n-alkanes (C16, C20, C26, C32 C38) in cyclohexane using the same experimental parameters the chain length distribution.
- The composition according to the present invention preferably is used as lubricant or finish for spun fibres, in particular for fibres essentially consisting of cellulose acetate. The lubricant generally helps to reduce or prevent rupture of the fibres, electrostatic charging of fibres, dust formation on fibres, unwanted adhesion of fibres or elevated temperatures in processing. For the application of the lubricant to spun fibres, in particular to spun fibres essentially consisting of cellulose acetate, the composition according to the present invention generally is formulated into an oil in water emulsion comprising the composition. Generally, the oil in water comprises from 1 to 20 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 80 to 99% water. Preferably, the oil in water emulsion comprises from 1 to 10 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 90 to 99% water, and more preferably, the oil in water emulsion comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the composition according to the present invention and from 95 to 99% water.
- The composition according to the present invention can generally be obtained by mixing the ingredients under stirring, for example at room temperature. While the addition order often is not critical, it is preferred that the hydrocarbon is first provided, and that under continuous stirring, the other components are added in the order of emulsifiers, either combined or individually in case more than one emulsifier is present, and then aqueous phase, preferably water. It is often advantageous to stir the composition for approximately further 10 to 120 minutes. The procedure for the manufacture can be effected at room temperature of about 20°C, or at slightly elevated temperatures of up to 60°C.
- The invention further concerns a manufacturing process which comprises a step of applying the composition according to the present invention, the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention or any other composition comprising the composition according to the present invention to fibres or tow comprising fibres. Preferably, the fibre is a cellulose acetate fibre or the tow is a cellulose acetate tow. In another aspect of the present invention, the invention concerns a manufacturing process which comprises the steps of
- providing a fibre dope
- spinning the fibre dope
- optionally drying or partially drying the spun fibres
- optionally forming a tow from the fibres
- applying the composition according to the present invention, the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention or any other composition comprising the composition according to the present invention to fibres or tow comprising fibres
- optionally drying the fibres or the tow
- optionally crimping the fibres or the tow
- optionally baling the fibres or the tow.
- A fibre dope is a solution of fibre polymer, in particular cellulose acetate, in an appropriate solvent, which is in the case of cellulose acetate acetone. The fibres or the tow according to the manufacturing process are preferably cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow. The dope can comprise further additives, such as degradation additives, colour additives or filtration additives. The cellulose acetate generally has a degree of substitution of from 1.5 to 3.0, preferably from 2.2 to 2.7. The degree of polymerisation generally is from 150 to 500, preferably from 180 to 280. The principles of spinning a dope of cellulose acetate are described, for example in P. Rustemeyer, Macromolecular Symposia, Volume 208, Issue 1, 2004, p. 267-292. A method for baling is described, for example, in
WO2016/174162 . - The invention concerns also fibres or a tow comprising the composition according to the present invention, or comprising the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention. The fibres or the tow are preferably cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow. The fibres or tow generally have a LOF value (lubricant on fibre value) of from 0.1 to 3 wt%, preferably of from 0.7 to 2 wt%. The LOF value denotes and represents the lubricant less added water on either fibre or tow.
- Another object of the present invention concerns the use of the composition according the present invention or the oil in water emulsion according to the present invention in a manufacturing process as an auxiliary for the spinning of fibres, in particular for spinning of cellulose acetate fibres.
- A further object of the present invention is a cigarette filter, comprising the fibres or the tow according the present invention, which comprise the composition according to the present invention, or which comprise the water in oil emulsion according to the present invention, wherein the fibres or the tow are cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow. The cigarette filter according to the present invention can have particularly advantageous properties in view of toxicological profile with regard to the hydrocarbons and their impurities and the low evaporation loss.
- Should the disclosure of any patents, patent applications, and publications which are incorporated herein by reference conflict with the description of the present application to the extent that it may render a term unclear, the present description shall take precedence.
- The following examples are intended to further explain the invention without limiting it.
- All reagents can be obtained from commercial sources or manufactured from known procedures.
- Shell Ondina X415 is provided at room temperature, and under continuous stirring, a mixture of sorbitan monolaurate (Alkamuls ® S20) and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate (Tween®20) ratio 5.1 : 4.9 is added in an amount to equal 34 wt% of the total composition. Finally, de-ionized water is added under stirring to equal approximately 6 wt% of the total composition. The composition is stirred for a further 30 minutes. The composition is a stable, homogenous mixture.
- The composition according to example 1 is added to de-ionized water under stirring at room temperature to equal 4 wt% of the final oil in water emulsion. The oil in water emulsion is stirred for another 60 minutes.
- The oil in water emulsion is applied to cellulose acetate fibres after exit from the spinning cabinet, before entry into the crimper. The emulsion displays excellent lubricating qualities, and little dust formation is observed. A cigarette filter made from tow obtained from the spun cellulose acetate fibres displays an excellent low profile of impurities and low evaporation loss when submitted to standard tests.
Claims (16)
- Composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, obtained by a process of converting syngas into at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C, at least one emulsifier and at least one aqueous phase.
- Composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monoesters, derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, sorbitan diesters, derivatives of sorbitan diesters, sorbitan triesters, derivatives of sorbitan triesters, polyglyerol esters and derivatives of polyglyerol esters.
- Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one emulsifier is present in an amount of from 15 wt % to 45 wt % of the composition.
- Composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the emulsifier is an emulsifier mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate.
- Composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein the emulsifier mixture is a mixture of sorbitan monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate ethoxylate, wherein the weight ratio of sorbitanmonolaurate to sorbitanmonolaurate ethoxylate is from 1:9 to 9:1.
- Composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, at least one aqueous phase is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt %.
- Composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C has a viscosity of from 9 mm2/s at 40°C to 43 mm2/s at 40°C.
- Composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 20°C has a carbon chain length distribution of from C18 to C50.
- Water-in-oil emulsion, comprising the composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 8.
- Water-in-oil emulsion according to claim 9, which comprises from 1 to 20 wt% of the composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, and from 80 to 99% water.
- Manufacturing process which comprises a step of applying the composition according to anyone of claim 1 to 8, the water in oil emulsion of anyone of claims 9 or 10 or any other composition comprising the composition according to anyone of claim 1 to 7 to fibres or tow comprising fibres.
- Process according to claim 11, wherein the fibre is a cellulose acetate fibre or wherein the tow is a cellulose acetate tow.
- Fibres or tow comprising the composition according to anyone of claim 1 to 8, or comprising the water in oil emulsion according to anyone of claims 9 or 10.
- Fibres or tow comprising the composition according to claim 12, wherein the LOF (lubricant on fibre) is from 0.1 to 3 wt%.
- Use of the composition according to anyone of claims 1 to 8 or the oil in water emulsion according to claim 9 or 10 in a manufacturing process as an auxiliary for the spinning of fibres, in particular for spinning of cellulose acetate fibres.
- Cigarette filter, comprising the fibres or the tow according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the fibres or the tow are cellulose acetate fibres or cellulose acetate tow.
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Citations (3)
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US20040007687A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-15 | Hubert Dobbelstein | Formulation of a highly viscous mineral oil for the production of filters for tobacco products |
WO2006007018A2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-19 | Celanese Acetate Llc | Cellulose acetate tow and method of making same |
WO2016174162A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-11-03 | Solvay Acetow Gmbh | Method for producing a packed filter tow bale |
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2017
- 2017-05-30 EP EP17173524.4A patent/EP3409829B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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