EP3408859B1 - Relay - Google Patents

Relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3408859B1
EP3408859B1 EP17701890.0A EP17701890A EP3408859B1 EP 3408859 B1 EP3408859 B1 EP 3408859B1 EP 17701890 A EP17701890 A EP 17701890A EP 3408859 B1 EP3408859 B1 EP 3408859B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
permanent magnet
magnet
switch
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17701890.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3408859A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Bobert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
TDK Electronics AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3408859A1 publication Critical patent/EP3408859A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3408859B1 publication Critical patent/EP3408859B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/0013—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/46—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for operating auxiliary contacts additional to the main contacts

Definitions

  • a relay is an electromagnetically acting switch that is operated by electric current and has at least two switch positions.
  • the relay is used, for example, in circuits with high voltages.
  • the relay can be designed as a gas-filled contactor. For safety reasons, it can be useful to recognize the switching position of the relay contacts. This can, e.g. B. in the case of a sticking contact, the incorrect behavior can be reacted to with suitable measures.
  • a relay is provided.
  • the relay has an armature with a magnetic core.
  • a permanent magnet for detecting the position of the magnet armature is arranged on the magnet armature.
  • the permanent magnet creates a magnetic field that can be detected by a magnetic sensor.
  • the magnetic sensor can detect the position of the permanent magnet and thereby the position of the magnet armature. In particular, the magnetic sensor can detect whether contacts of the relay are open.
  • the relay has a housing.
  • the housing is hermetically sealed.
  • the magnet armature and the permanent magnet are arranged in the housing.
  • the contacts of the relay can also be arranged in the housing.
  • the housing is filled with a gas, in particular with an inert gas.
  • the purpose of the gas is to prevent arcing. Arcing can occur when the contacts open and damage the contacts. In particular, this can lead to the contacts "sticking" to one another and no longer being able to be separated.
  • the magnetic sensor is arranged outside of the housing. This enables the switching position to be detected through the wall of the housing without cable bushings through the housing. Furthermore, this allows the relay to be easily retrofitted with a magnetic sensor, provided the relay is already equipped with the permanent magnet.
  • a movement of the magnetic core and thus of the entire magnet armature is generated by current flow in a coil. It is, for example, an axial movement.
  • the change in position of the armature causes the contacts of the relay to close.
  • the relay is in a rest state in a first position of the magnet armature, in which the contacts are open.
  • the relay In a second position of the armature, the relay is in an active state in which the contacts are closed.
  • the relay can have at least one fixed contact.
  • the relay has two fixed contacts.
  • the relay can have at least one movable contact.
  • the movable contact is designed, for example, as part of the magnet armature.
  • the movable contact is in the form of a plate.
  • the movable contact can be located at an axial end of the magnet armature.
  • the movable contact forms, for example, an end face of the magnet armature.
  • the magnetic core forms, for example, an opposite axial end of the magnet armature.
  • the magnetic sensor is a switch that is actuated by the magnetic field.
  • it can be a magnetic sensor that does not require an additional power supply.
  • the magnetic sensor is a reed switch or reed sensor.
  • it can also be a Hall sensor, for example.
  • the magnetic sensor for example a reed switch, can be designed as an on switch, a break contact or a changeover switch.
  • a power switch is open in its rest state and is closed by the action of a magnetic field.
  • a normally closed contact is closed in its rest state and is opened by the action of a magnetic field.
  • a changeover switch has a normally closed contact and a normally open contact, with the normally closed contact being closed when the switch is at rest. The normally closed contact is opened and the normally open contact is closed by the action of a magnetic field.
  • the relay has such a magnetic sensor. But it is also possible to use the relay to provide the permanent magnet and to retrofit it later with a magnetic sensor.
  • the permanent magnet is attached to the magnetic core.
  • the permanent magnet is arranged at a first axial end of the magnet armature.
  • the permanent magnet can be arranged on an end face of the magnet armature.
  • the magnet armature has a depression.
  • the permanent magnet can be arranged at least partially in the depression.
  • the indentation is located, for example, on an end face of the magnet armature.
  • the permanent magnet is formed symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the relay. This enables a particularly simple positioning of the magnetic sensor, in particular when the permanent magnet is not visible during the positioning of the magnetic sensor.
  • the permanent magnet has an opening or indentation.
  • a component of the relay can be at least partially accommodated in the opening or depression, at least in certain positions of the magnet armature. Furthermore, weight can be saved as a result of the opening or recess, which is particularly advantageous for a moving part of the relay.
  • the permanent magnet is designed as a ring magnet.
  • figure 1 shows a relay 1 that is used, for example, for switching high electrical currents and/or high electrical voltages.
  • the relay 1 has two fixed contacts 2, 3 and a movable contact 4.
  • the movable contact 4 is designed as a contact plate. figure 1 shows the relay 1 in an idle state.
  • the movable contact 4 is spaced apart from the fixed contacts 2, 3, so that the contacts 2, 3, 4 are electrically isolated from one another.
  • the fixed contacts 2, 3 together with the movable contact 4 form the relay contacts.
  • the relay contacts can also be designed alternatively. For example, only one of the relay contacts can be fixed.
  • the relay 1 has a movable magnet armature 5 .
  • the armature 5 has a magnetic core 6 .
  • the magnetic core 6 has a ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnet armature 5 has a first axial end 7 and an opposite second axial end 8 . Of the Magnetic core 6 forms the first axial end 7 of the armature 5.
  • the moving contact 4 forms the second axial end 8 of the armature 5.
  • the magnet armature 5 has a shaft 9 which is guided through the magnetic core 6 and is firmly connected to the magnetic core 6 .
  • the magnetic core 6 is surrounded by a coil (not shown).
  • a current flow in the coil generates a movement of the magnetic core 6 and thus of the entire magnet armature 5 in the axial direction until the movable contact 4 makes contact with the stationary contacts 2, 3.
  • the magnet armature 5 thus moves from a first position into a second position.
  • the relay 1 is then in the active state, so that the contacts 2, 3, 4 are electrically connected to one another.
  • the magnet armature 5 can also rotate.
  • the magnet armature 5 can in particular be designed as a tie rod or a hinged armature.
  • the magnet armature 5 is moved back into its first position by springs 10a, 10b.
  • the relay 1 is then in the idle state in which the contacts 2, 3, 4 are open.
  • the contacts 2, 3, 4 When contacts 2, 3, 4 open, an arc can occur that can damage the contact surfaces. This can lead to the contacts 2, 3, 4 "sticking" to one another and no longer being separated from one another.
  • the contacts 2, 3, 4 are arranged in a hermetically sealed housing 11 which is filled with a gas 12.
  • the housing 11 surrounds the magnet armature 5 and the contacts 2, 3, 4 Completely.
  • the component is thus designed as a gas-filled relay 1 or a gas-filled contactor.
  • the relay 1 has a device for detecting the position of the magnet armature 5 and thereby for detecting the position of the movable contact 4. This is particularly useful when using the relay 1 in circuits with life-threatening voltages. This can, e.g. B. in the case of a sticking contact, this malfunction can be reacted to with suitable measures.
  • the relay 1 has a magnetic sensor 13 which is actuated by a magnetic field.
  • the magnetic sensor 13 is arranged outside of the housing 11 .
  • the magnetic sensor 13 is, for example, a switch 14, in particular a reed switch.
  • a reed switch has one or more movable switching tongues which move towards one another or towards a stationary contact under the influence of a magnetic field.
  • the switching tongues and contacts are arranged in a glass tube, for example. Alternatively, it can also be a Hall sensor, for example.
  • the switch 14 is actuated by a permanent magnet 15 .
  • the permanent magnet 15 is located inside the hermetically sealed housing 11.
  • the permanent magnet 15 is firmly connected to the magnet armature 5.
  • the permanent magnet 15 can be attached directly to the magnetic core 6 .
  • the permanent magnet 15 is significantly smaller than the magnetic core 6.
  • the permanent magnet 15 has a different material than the magnetic core 6.
  • the permanent magnet 15 is arranged on an end face of the magnet armature 5.
  • the magnet armature 5 and in particular the magnetic core 6 has a recess 16 in which the permanent magnet 15 is at least partially arranged.
  • the permanent magnet 15 is arranged, for example, in such a way that its north-south direction runs in the axial direction of the magnet armature 5 .
  • the permanent magnet 15 can also be arranged in such a way that its north-south direction runs in the radial direction of the magnet armature 5 .
  • the arrangement of the magnetic sensor 13 depends on the arrangement of the permanent magnet 15.
  • the permanent magnet 15 is preferably designed and arranged symmetrically in relation to a rotation about a longitudinal axis 18 of the relay 1. This allows the magnetic sensor 13 to be positioned in any way with respect to the longitudinal axis. In particular, the positioning of the magnetic sensor 13 is facilitated when the housing 11 is in the closed state, i.e. when the permanent magnet 15 is no longer visible from the outside.
  • the permanent magnet 15 has an opening 17, for example.
  • the permanent magnet 15 is designed as a ring magnet. Further components of the relay 1, for example, protrude into the opening 17.
  • the relay 1 has an exhaust tube 19 which at least temporarily extends into the opening 17 of the permanent magnet 15 when the permanent magnet 15 is in the first position.
  • the exhaust pipe 19 is used for gas evacuation and for the subsequent filling of the relay 1 with the gas 12, in particular an inert gas. After filling with the gas 12, the housing 11 is tightly closed, for example by squeezing off the exhaust tube 19.
  • the switch 14 When the magnet armature 5 moves, the permanent magnet 15 is also moved. If the magnet armature 5 moves from its second position into its first position, the switch 14 is closed, for example. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet 15 acts, for example, on a movable switch tongue of the switch 14. The switch 14 is therefore closed when the relay 1 is in the idle state and the contacts 2, 3, 4 are open. This enables "sticking" contacts 2, 3, 4 to be detected, since in this case the switch 14 is not closed. Alternatively, the switch 14 can also be arranged and designed in such a way that the switch 14 is open when the magnet armature 5 is in the first position.
  • the switch 14 can also be designed as a changeover switch. For example, when the relay 1 is in the idle state, a make contact of the switch 14 is closed. If the magnet armature 5 moves from its first position to its second position, in which the relay contacts are closed, the make contact of the switch 14 is opened and the break contact of the switch 14 is closed.
  • the permanent magnet 15 and the magnetic sensor 13 or switch 14 are arranged relative to each other and the permanent magnet 15 is so strong that the permanent magnet 15 can activate the magnetic sensor 13 in a rest position through the wall of the housing 11 . Furthermore, the magnetic sensor 13 and the permanent magnet 15 must be arranged in such a way that its functioning is not impaired by the electromagnetic field of the coil and the magnetic core 6 .
  • the magnetic sensor 13 is arranged on an underside of the housing 11, in particular at least partially below the magnet armature 5.
  • the magnetic sensor 13 is firmly connected to the housing 11 .
  • the magnetic sensor 13 can be glued to the housing 11 or fixed to the housing 11 in some other way.
  • the magnetic sensor 13 is connected to an additional carrier, which ensures that the magnetic sensor 13 is positioned in a stationary manner in relation to the housing 11 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Relais. Als Relais wird ein durch elektrischen Strom betriebener, elektromagnetisch wirkender Schalter bezeichnet, der zumindest zwei Schalterstellungen aufweist.The present invention relates to a relay. A relay is an electromagnetically acting switch that is operated by electric current and has at least two switch positions.

Das Relais wird beispielsweise in Schaltungen mit hohen Spannungen eingesetzt. Das Relais kann als gasgefüllter Schütz ausgebildet sein. Aus Sicherheitsgründen kann eine Erkennung der Schaltposition der Relaiskontakte sinnvoll sein. Damit kann, z. B. im Fall eines klebenden Kontaktes, auf das Fehlverhalten mit geeigneten Maßnahmen reagiert werden.The relay is used, for example, in circuits with high voltages. The relay can be designed as a gas-filled contactor. For safety reasons, it can be useful to recognize the switching position of the relay contacts. This can, e.g. B. in the case of a sticking contact, the incorrect behavior can be reacted to with suitable measures.

Das Dokument " DE 10 2007 002176 A1 " offenbart ein Relais gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The document " DE 10 2007 002176 A1 " discloses a relay according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Relais mit verbesserten Eigenschaften anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to specify a relay with improved properties.

Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Relais angegeben. Das Relais weist einen Magnetanker mit einem magnetischen Kern auf. Am Magnetanker ist ein Permanentmagnet zur Erkennung der Position des Magnetankers angeordnet.According to a first aspect of the present invention, a relay is provided. The relay has an armature with a magnetic core. A permanent magnet for detecting the position of the magnet armature is arranged on the magnet armature.

Der Permanentmagnet erzeugt ein Magnetfeld, das durch einen Magnetsensor detektiert werden kann. Der Magnetsensor kann die Position des Permanentmagneten und dadurch die Position des Magnetankers detektieren. Insbesondere kann der Magnetsensor erkennen, ob Kontakte des Relais geöffnet sind.The permanent magnet creates a magnetic field that can be detected by a magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor can detect the position of the permanent magnet and thereby the position of the magnet armature. In particular, the magnetic sensor can detect whether contacts of the relay are open.

In einer Ausführungsform weist das Relais ein Gehäuse auf. Das Gehäuse ist hermetisch dicht geschlossen. Beispielsweise sind der Magnetanker und der Permanentmagnet in dem Gehäuse angeordnet. Insbesondere können auch die Kontakte des Relais in dem Gehäuse angeordnet sein. Das Gehäuse ist von einem Gas, insbesondere von einem Schutzgas, gefüllt.In one embodiment, the relay has a housing. The housing is hermetically sealed. For example, the magnet armature and the permanent magnet are arranged in the housing. In particular, the contacts of the relay can also be arranged in the housing. The housing is filled with a gas, in particular with an inert gas.

Durch das Gas soll die Entstehung von Lichtbögen verhindert werden. Lichtbögen können beim Öffnen der Kontakte entstehen und zu einer Beschädigung der Kontakte führen. Insbesondere kann dies dazu führen, dass die Kontakte aneinander "kleben" bleiben und sich nicht mehr trennen lassen.The purpose of the gas is to prevent arcing. Arcing can occur when the contacts open and damage the contacts. In particular, this can lead to the contacts "sticking" to one another and no longer being able to be separated.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Magnetsensor außerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnet. Dies ermöglicht eine Erkennung der Schaltposition durch die Wand des Gehäuses ohne Kabeldurchführungen durch das Gehäuse. Weiterhin ist dadurch eine einfache Nachrüstung des Relais mit einem Magnetsensor möglich, vorausgesetzt das Relais ist bereits mit dem Permanentmagneten ausgestattet.According to the invention, the magnetic sensor is arranged outside of the housing. This enables the switching position to be detected through the wall of the housing without cable bushings through the housing. Furthermore, this allows the relay to be easily retrofitted with a magnetic sensor, provided the relay is already equipped with the permanent magnet.

Bei einer Betätigung des Relais wird eine Bewegung des magnetischen Kerns und damit des gesamten Magnetankers durch Stromfluss in einer Spule erzeugt. Es handelt sich beispielsweise um eine axiale Bewegung. Die Positionsänderung des Magnetankers führt zu einer Schließung von Kontakten des Relais. Beispielsweise befindet sich das Relais bei einer ersten Position des Magnetankers in einem Ruhezustand, in der die Kontakte geöffnet sind. Bei einer zweiten Position des Magnetankers befindet sich das Relais in einem aktiven Zustand, in dem die Kontakte geschlossen sind.When the relay is actuated, a movement of the magnetic core and thus of the entire magnet armature is generated by current flow in a coil. It is, for example, an axial movement. The change in position of the armature causes the contacts of the relay to close. For example, the relay is in a rest state in a first position of the magnet armature, in which the contacts are open. In a second position of the armature, the relay is in an active state in which the contacts are closed.

Das Relais kann wenigstens einen feststehenden Kontakt aufweisen. Beispielsweise weist das Relais zwei feststehende Kontakte auf. Zudem kann das Relais wenigstens einen beweglichen Kontakt aufweisen. Der bewegliche Kontakt ist beispielsweise als Teil des Magnetankers ausgebildet. Beispielsweise ist der bewegliche Kontakt in Form einer Platte ausgebildet. Der bewegliche Kontakt kann sich an einem axialen Ende des Magnetankers befinden. Der bewegliche Kontakt bildet beispielsweise eine Stirnseite des Magnetankers. Der magnetische Kern bildet beispielsweise ein entgegengesetztes axiales Ende des Magnetankers.The relay can have at least one fixed contact. For example, the relay has two fixed contacts. In addition, the relay can have at least one movable contact. The movable contact is designed, for example, as part of the magnet armature. For example, the movable contact is in the form of a plate. The movable contact can be located at an axial end of the magnet armature. The movable contact forms, for example, an end face of the magnet armature. The magnetic core forms, for example, an opposite axial end of the magnet armature.

In einer Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei dem Magnetsensor um einen Schalter, der durch das Magnetfeld betätig wird. Insbesondere kann es sich um einen Magnetsensor handeln, der keine zusätzliche Spannungsversorgung benötigt. Beispielsweise handelt es sich bei dem Magnetsensor um einen Reedschalter oder Reedsensor. Alternativ kann es sich beispielsweise auch um einen Hallsensor handeln.In one embodiment, the magnetic sensor is a switch that is actuated by the magnetic field. In particular, it can be a magnetic sensor that does not require an additional power supply. For example, the magnetic sensor is a reed switch or reed sensor. Alternatively, it can also be a Hall sensor, for example.

Der Magnetsensor, beispielsweise ein Reedschalter, kann als Einschalter, Öffner oder Umschalter ausgebildet sein. Ein Einschalter ist in seinem Ruhezustand geöffnet und wird durch Einwirkung eines Magnetfeldes geschlossen. Ein Öffner ist in seinem Ruhezustand geschlossen und wird durch Einwirkung eines Magnetfeldes geöffnet. Ein Umschalter weist einen Ruhekontakt und einen Arbeitskontakt auf, wobei der Ruhekontakt im Ruhezustand des Umschalters geschlossen ist. Durch Einwirkung eines Magnetfeldes wird der Ruhekontakt geöffnet und der Arbeitskontakt geschlossen.The magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch, can be designed as an on switch, a break contact or a changeover switch. A power switch is open in its rest state and is closed by the action of a magnetic field. A normally closed contact is closed in its rest state and is opened by the action of a magnetic field. A changeover switch has a normally closed contact and a normally open contact, with the normally closed contact being closed when the switch is at rest. The normally closed contact is opened and the normally open contact is closed by the action of a magnetic field.

In einer Ausführungsform weist das Relais einen derartigen Magnetsensor auf. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Relais mit dem Permanentmagneten bereitzustellen und erst später mit einem Magnetsensor nachzurüsten.In one embodiment, the relay has such a magnetic sensor. But it is also possible to use the relay to provide the permanent magnet and to retrofit it later with a magnetic sensor.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Permanentmagnet am magnetischen Kern befestigt. Beispielsweise ist der Permanentmagnet an einem ersten axialen Ende des Magnetankers angeordnet. Insbesondere kann der Permanentmagnet an einer Stirnseite des Magnetankers angeordnet sein.According to the invention, the permanent magnet is attached to the magnetic core. For example, the permanent magnet is arranged at a first axial end of the magnet armature. In particular, the permanent magnet can be arranged on an end face of the magnet armature.

In einer Ausführungsform weist der Magnetanker eine Vertiefung auf. Der Permanentmagnet kann zumindest teilweise in der Vertiefung angeordnet sein. Die Vertiefung befindet sich beispielsweise an einer Stirnseite des Magnetankers.In one embodiment, the magnet armature has a depression. The permanent magnet can be arranged at least partially in the depression. The indentation is located, for example, on an end face of the magnet armature.

In einer Ausführungsform ist der Permanentmagnet symmetrisch bezüglich einer Längsachse des Relais ausgebildet. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders einfache Positionierung des Magnetsensors, insbesondere wenn der Permanentmagnet während des Positionierens des Magnetsensors nicht sichtbar ist.In one embodiment, the permanent magnet is formed symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the relay. This enables a particularly simple positioning of the magnetic sensor, in particular when the permanent magnet is not visible during the positioning of the magnetic sensor.

In einer Ausführungsform weist der Permanentmagnet eine Öffnung oder Vertiefung auf. In der Öffnung oder Vertiefung kann eine Komponente des Relais, zumindest in bestimmten Positionen des Magnetankers, zumindest teilweise aufgenommen sein. Weiterhin kann durch die Öffnung oder Vertiefung Gewicht eingespart werden, was insbesondere für ein bewegliches Teil des Relais vorteilhaft ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Permanentmagnet als Ringmagnet ausgebildet.In one embodiment, the permanent magnet has an opening or indentation. A component of the relay can be at least partially accommodated in the opening or depression, at least in certain positions of the magnet armature. Furthermore, weight can be saved as a result of the opening or recess, which is particularly advantageous for a moving part of the relay. According to the invention, the permanent magnet is designed as a ring magnet.

In der vorliegenden Offenbarung sind mehrere Aspekte einer Erfindung beschrieben. Alle Eigenschaften, die in Bezug auf eine Ausführungsform offenbart sind, sind auch entsprechend in Bezug auf andere Ausführungsformen offenbart, auch wenn die jeweilige Eigenschaft nicht explizit im Kontext einer anderen Ausführungsform erwähnt wird.Several aspects of an invention are described in the present disclosure. All properties related to What is disclosed in one embodiment is also disclosed correspondingly in relation to other embodiments, even if the respective property is not explicitly mentioned in the context of another embodiment.

Im Folgenden werden die hier beschriebenen Gegenstände anhand eines schematischen Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The objects described here are explained in more detail below using a schematic exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine Ausführungsform eines Relais in Schnittansicht.
It shows:
figure 1
an embodiment of a relay in sectional view.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Relais 1, das beispielsweise zum Schalten starker elektrischer Ströme und/oder hoher elektrischer Spannungen eingesetzt wird. figure 1 shows a relay 1 that is used, for example, for switching high electrical currents and/or high electrical voltages.

Das Relais 1 weist zwei feststehende Kontakte 2, 3 und einen beweglichen Kontakt 4 auf. Der bewegliche Kontakt 4 ist als Kontaktplatte ausgebildet. Figur 1 zeigt das Relais 1 in einem Ruhezustand. Der bewegliche Kontakt 4 ist von den feststehenden Kontakten 2, 3 beabstandet, so dass die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 galvanisch voneinander getrennt sind. Die feststehenden Kontakte 2, 3 bilden zusammen mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 4 die Relaiskontakte. Die Relaiskontakte können auch alternativ ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann nur einer der Relaiskontakte feststehend ausgebildet sein.The relay 1 has two fixed contacts 2, 3 and a movable contact 4. The movable contact 4 is designed as a contact plate. figure 1 shows the relay 1 in an idle state. The movable contact 4 is spaced apart from the fixed contacts 2, 3, so that the contacts 2, 3, 4 are electrically isolated from one another. The fixed contacts 2, 3 together with the movable contact 4 form the relay contacts. The relay contacts can also be designed alternatively. For example, only one of the relay contacts can be fixed.

Das Relais 1 weist einen beweglichen Magnetanker 5 auf. Der Magnetanker 5 weist einen magnetischen Kern 6 auf. Der magnetische Kern 6 weist ein ferromagnetisches Material auf. Der Magnetanker 5 weist ein erstes axiales Ende 7 und ein gegenüberliegendes zweites axiales Ende 8 auf. Der magnetische Kern 6 bildet das erste axiale Ende 7 des Magnetankers 5. Der bewegliche Kontakt 4 bildet das zweite axiale Ende 8 des Magnetankers 5.The relay 1 has a movable magnet armature 5 . The armature 5 has a magnetic core 6 . The magnetic core 6 has a ferromagnetic material. The magnet armature 5 has a first axial end 7 and an opposite second axial end 8 . Of the Magnetic core 6 forms the first axial end 7 of the armature 5. The moving contact 4 forms the second axial end 8 of the armature 5.

Der Magnetanker 5 weist einen Schaft 9 auf, der durch den magnetischen Kern 6 geführt ist und fest mit dem magnetischen Kern 6 verbunden ist. Der magnetische Kern 6 ist von einer Spule (nicht abgebildet) umgeben.The magnet armature 5 has a shaft 9 which is guided through the magnetic core 6 and is firmly connected to the magnetic core 6 . The magnetic core 6 is surrounded by a coil (not shown).

Ein Stromfluss in der Spule erzeugt eine Bewegung des magnetischen Kerns 6 und damit des gesamten Magnetankers 5 in axialer Richtung, bis der bewegliche Kontakt 4 die feststehenden Kontakte 2, 3 kontaktiert. Der Magnetanker 5 bewegt sich somit von einer ersten Position in eine zweite Position. Das Relais 1 befindet sich dann im aktiven Zustand, so dass die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 galvanisch miteinander verbunden sind. In einer anderen Ausführungsform kann der Magnetanker 5 auch eine Drehbewegung ausführen. Der Magnetanker 5 kann insbesondere als Zuganker oder Klappanker ausgebildet sein.A current flow in the coil generates a movement of the magnetic core 6 and thus of the entire magnet armature 5 in the axial direction until the movable contact 4 makes contact with the stationary contacts 2, 3. The magnet armature 5 thus moves from a first position into a second position. The relay 1 is then in the active state, so that the contacts 2, 3, 4 are electrically connected to one another. In another embodiment, the magnet armature 5 can also rotate. The magnet armature 5 can in particular be designed as a tie rod or a hinged armature.

Wird der Stromfluss in der Spule unterbrochen, wird der Magnetanker 5 durch Federn 10a, 10b wieder in seine erste Position bewegt. Das Relais 1 befindet sich dann im Ruhezustand, in dem die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 geöffnet sind.If the flow of current in the coil is interrupted, the magnet armature 5 is moved back into its first position by springs 10a, 10b. The relay 1 is then in the idle state in which the contacts 2, 3, 4 are open.

Beim Öffnen der Kontakte 2, 3, 4 kann ein Lichtbogen entstehen, der die Kontaktflächen beschädigen kann. Dies kann dazu führen, dass die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 aneinander "kleben" bleiben und nicht mehr voneinander getrennt werden. Um die Entstehung derartiger Lichtbögen zu verhindern, sind die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 in einem hermetisch abgeschlossenen Gehäuse 11 angeordnet, das von einem Gas 12 gefüllt ist. Das Gehäuse 11 umgibt den Magnetanker 5 und die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 vollständig. Das Bauteil ist somit als gasgefülltes Relais 1 oder gasgefüllter Schütz ausgebildet.When contacts 2, 3, 4 open, an arc can occur that can damage the contact surfaces. This can lead to the contacts 2, 3, 4 "sticking" to one another and no longer being separated from one another. In order to prevent such arcs from occurring, the contacts 2, 3, 4 are arranged in a hermetically sealed housing 11 which is filled with a gas 12. The housing 11 surrounds the magnet armature 5 and the contacts 2, 3, 4 Completely. The component is thus designed as a gas-filled relay 1 or a gas-filled contactor.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen weist das Relais 1 eine Vorrichtung zur Erkennung der Position des Magnetankers 5 und dadurch zur Erkennung der Position des beweglichen Kontaktes 4 auf. Dies ist insbesondere bei einem Einsatz des Relais 1 in Schaltungen mit lebensgefährlichen Spannungen sinnvoll. Damit kann, z. B. im Fall eines klebenden Kontaktes, auf dieses Fehlverhalten mit geeigneten Maßnahmen reagiert werden.For safety reasons, the relay 1 has a device for detecting the position of the magnet armature 5 and thereby for detecting the position of the movable contact 4. This is particularly useful when using the relay 1 in circuits with life-threatening voltages. This can, e.g. B. in the case of a sticking contact, this malfunction can be reacted to with suitable measures.

Insbesondere weist das Relais 1 einen Magnetsensor 13 auf, der über ein Magnetfeld betätigt wird. Der Magnetsensor 13 ist außerhalb des Gehäuses 11 angeordnet. Beim Magnetsensor 13 handelt es sich beispielsweise um einen Schalter 14, insbesondere um einen Reedschalter. Ein Reedschalter weist ein oder mehrere bewegliche Schaltzungen auf, die sich unter Einwirkung eines Magnetfeldes zueinander hin oder zu einem unbeweglichen Kontakt hin bewegen. Die Schaltzungen und Kontakte sind beispielsweise in einem Glasrohr angeordnet. Es kann sich alternativ beispielsweise auch um einen Hall-Sensor handeln.In particular, the relay 1 has a magnetic sensor 13 which is actuated by a magnetic field. The magnetic sensor 13 is arranged outside of the housing 11 . The magnetic sensor 13 is, for example, a switch 14, in particular a reed switch. A reed switch has one or more movable switching tongues which move towards one another or towards a stationary contact under the influence of a magnetic field. The switching tongues and contacts are arranged in a glass tube, for example. Alternatively, it can also be a Hall sensor, for example.

Der Schalter 14 wird durch einen Permanentmagneten 15 betätigt. Der Permanentmagnet 15 befindet sich im Inneren des hermetisch abgeschlossenen Gehäuses 11. Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist fest mit dem Magnetanker 5 verbunden. Insbesondere kann der Permanentmagnet 15 direkt am magnetischen Kern 6 befestigt sein. Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist wesentlich kleiner als der magnetische Kern 6. Der Permanentmagnet 15 weist ein anderes Material auf als der magnetische Kern 6. Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist an einer Stirnseite des Magnetankers 5 angeordnet. Beispielsweise weist der Magnetanker 5 und insbesondere der magnetische Kern 6 eine Vertiefung 16 auf, in der der Permanentmagnet 15 zumindest teilweise angeordnet ist.The switch 14 is actuated by a permanent magnet 15 . The permanent magnet 15 is located inside the hermetically sealed housing 11. The permanent magnet 15 is firmly connected to the magnet armature 5. In particular, the permanent magnet 15 can be attached directly to the magnetic core 6 . The permanent magnet 15 is significantly smaller than the magnetic core 6. The permanent magnet 15 has a different material than the magnetic core 6. The permanent magnet 15 is arranged on an end face of the magnet armature 5. For example, the magnet armature 5 and in particular the magnetic core 6 has a recess 16 in which the permanent magnet 15 is at least partially arranged.

Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist beispielsweise derart angeordnet, dass seine Nord-Süd-Richtung in axialer Richtung des Magnetankers 5 verläuft. Der Permanentmagnet 15 kann auch derart angeordnet sein, dass seine Nord-Süd-Richtung in radialer Richtung des Magnetankers 5 verläuft. Die Anordnung des Magnetsensors 13 richtet sich nach der Anordnung des Permanentmagneten 15. Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist vorzugsweise symmetrisch in Bezug auf eine Rotation um eine Längsachse 18 des Relais 1 ausgebildet und angeordnet. Dies ermöglicht eine beliebige Positionierung des Magnetsensors 13 bezüglich der Längsachse. Insbesondere wird die Positionierung des Magnetsensors 13 im geschlossenen Zustand des Gehäuses 11 erleichtert, d.h., wenn der Permanentmagnet 15 nicht mehr von außen sichtbar ist.The permanent magnet 15 is arranged, for example, in such a way that its north-south direction runs in the axial direction of the magnet armature 5 . The permanent magnet 15 can also be arranged in such a way that its north-south direction runs in the radial direction of the magnet armature 5 . The arrangement of the magnetic sensor 13 depends on the arrangement of the permanent magnet 15. The permanent magnet 15 is preferably designed and arranged symmetrically in relation to a rotation about a longitudinal axis 18 of the relay 1. This allows the magnetic sensor 13 to be positioned in any way with respect to the longitudinal axis. In particular, the positioning of the magnetic sensor 13 is facilitated when the housing 11 is in the closed state, i.e. when the permanent magnet 15 is no longer visible from the outside.

Der Permanentmagnet 15 weist beispielsweise eine Öffnung 17 auf. Der Permanentmagnet 15 ist erfindungsgemäß als Ringmagnet ausgebildet. In die Öffnung 17 ragen beispielsweise weitere Komponenten des Relais 1 hinein. Das Relais 1 weist einen Pumpstengel 19 auf, der zumindest zeitweise in der ersten Position des Permanentmagneten 15 in die Öffnung 17 des Permanentmagneten 15 hineinreicht. Der Pumpstengel 19 dient zur Gas-Evakuierung und zur anschließenden Befüllung des Relais 1 mit dem Gas 12, insbesondere einem Schutzgas. Nach der Befüllung mit dem Gas 12 wird das Gehäuse 11, beispielsweise durch Abquetschen des Pumpstengels 19, dicht verschlossen.The permanent magnet 15 has an opening 17, for example. According to the invention, the permanent magnet 15 is designed as a ring magnet. Further components of the relay 1, for example, protrude into the opening 17. The relay 1 has an exhaust tube 19 which at least temporarily extends into the opening 17 of the permanent magnet 15 when the permanent magnet 15 is in the first position. The exhaust pipe 19 is used for gas evacuation and for the subsequent filling of the relay 1 with the gas 12, in particular an inert gas. After filling with the gas 12, the housing 11 is tightly closed, for example by squeezing off the exhaust tube 19.

Bei einer Bewegung des Magnetankers 5 wird der Permanentmagnet 15 mitbewegt. Bewegt sich der Magnetanker 5 von seiner zweiten Position in seine erste Position wird beispielsweise der Schalter 14 geschlossen. Dabei wirkt das Magnetfeld des Permanentmagneten 15 beispielsweise auf eine bewegliche Schaltzunge des Schalters 14. Somit ist der Schalter 14 geschlossen, wenn sich das Relais 1 im Ruhezustand befindet und die Kontakte 2, 3, 4 geöffnet sind. Dies ermöglicht die Erkennung "klebender" Kontakte 2, 3, 4, da in diesem Fall der Schalter 14 nicht geschlossen wird. Alternativ kann der Schalter 14 auch derart angeordnet und ausgebildet sein, dass der Schalter 14 in der ersten Position des Magnetankers 5 geöffnet ist.When the magnet armature 5 moves, the permanent magnet 15 is also moved. If the magnet armature 5 moves from its second position into its first position, the switch 14 is closed, for example. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet 15 acts, for example, on a movable switch tongue of the switch 14. The switch 14 is therefore closed when the relay 1 is in the idle state and the contacts 2, 3, 4 are open. This enables "sticking" contacts 2, 3, 4 to be detected, since in this case the switch 14 is not closed. Alternatively, the switch 14 can also be arranged and designed in such a way that the switch 14 is open when the magnet armature 5 is in the first position.

Alternativ kann der Schalter 14 auch als Umschalter ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise ist im Ruhezustand des Relais 1 ein Arbeitskontakt des Schalters 14 geschlossen. Bewegt sich der Magnetanker 5 von seiner ersten Position in seine zweite Position, in der die Relaiskontakte geschlossen sind, wird der Arbeitskontakt des Schalters 14 geöffnet und der Ruhekontakt des Schalters 14 geschlossen.Alternatively, the switch 14 can also be designed as a changeover switch. For example, when the relay 1 is in the idle state, a make contact of the switch 14 is closed. If the magnet armature 5 moves from its first position to its second position, in which the relay contacts are closed, the make contact of the switch 14 is opened and the break contact of the switch 14 is closed.

Der Permanentmagnet 15 und der Magnetsensor 13 bzw. Schalter 14 sind derart zueinander angeordnet und der Permanentmagnet 15 ist derart kräftig, dass der Permanentmagnet 15 den Magnetsensor 13 in einer Ruhestellung durch die Wand des Gehäuses 11 aktivieren kann. Weiterhin muss der Magnetsensor 13 und der Permanentmagnet 15 derart angeordnet sein, dass seine Funktionsweise nicht durch das elektromagnetische Feld der Spule und des magnetischen Kerns 6 beeinträchtigt wird. Beispielsweise ist der Magnetsensor 13 an einer Unterseite des Gehäuses 11, insbesondere zumindest teilweise unterhalb des Magnetankers 5 angeordnet.The permanent magnet 15 and the magnetic sensor 13 or switch 14 are arranged relative to each other and the permanent magnet 15 is so strong that the permanent magnet 15 can activate the magnetic sensor 13 in a rest position through the wall of the housing 11 . Furthermore, the magnetic sensor 13 and the permanent magnet 15 must be arranged in such a way that its functioning is not impaired by the electromagnetic field of the coil and the magnetic core 6 . For example, the magnetic sensor 13 is arranged on an underside of the housing 11, in particular at least partially below the magnet armature 5.

Zur Erkennung der Schaltposition des beweglichen Kontakts 4 werden somit keine Kabeldurchführungen durch das Gehäuse 11 benötigt. Weiterhin ist bei einer Ausstattung des Magnetankers 5 mit einem Permanentmagneten 15 eine einfache Nachrüstung mit einem Magnetsensor 13, insbesondere mit einem magnetisch zu betätigendem Schalter 14, möglich.No cable bushings through the housing 11 are therefore required to detect the switching position of the movable contact 4 . Furthermore, if the magnet armature 5 is equipped with a permanent magnet 15, it can easily be retrofitted with a magnetic sensor 13, in particular with a switch 14 that can be actuated magnetically.

Der Magnetsensor 13 wird erfindungsgemäß fest mit dem Gehäuse 11 verbunden. Beispielsweise kann der Magnetsensor 13 mit dem Gehäuse 11 verklebt oder anderweitig am Gehäuse 11 fixiert werden. Alternativ wird der Magnetsensor 13 an einem zusätzlichen Träger verbunden, der eine ortsfeste Positionierung des Magnetsensors 13 zum Gehäuse 11 gewährleistet.According to the invention, the magnetic sensor 13 is firmly connected to the housing 11 . For example, the magnetic sensor 13 can be glued to the housing 11 or fixed to the housing 11 in some other way. Alternatively, the magnetic sensor 13 is connected to an additional carrier, which ensures that the magnetic sensor 13 is positioned in a stationary manner in relation to the housing 11 .

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Relaisrelay
22
erster feststehender Kontaktfirst fixed contact
33
zweiter feststehender Kontaktsecond fixed contact
44
beweglicher Kontaktmoving contact
55
Magnetankermagnet anchor
66
magnetischer Kernmagnetic core
77
erstes axiales Endefirst axial end
88th
zweites axiales Endesecond axial end
99
Schaftshaft
10a10a
FederFeather
10b10b
FederFeather
1111
GehäuseHousing
1212
Gasgas
1313
Magnetsensormagnetic sensor
1414
SchalterSwitch
1515
Permanentmagnetpermanent magnet
1616
Vertiefungdeepening
1717
Öffnungopening
1818
Längsachselongitudinal axis
1919
Pumpstengelpump tube

Claims (10)

  1. A relay,
    comprising a magnet armature (5) with a magnetic core (6), a housing (11) and a magnetic sensor (13) for detecting the magnetic field of a permanent magnet (15), wherein
    - the permanent magnet (15) is fixed to the magnet armature (5) for identifying the position of the magnet armature (5),
    characterized in that
    - the magnet armature (5) and the permanent magnet (15) are arranged in the housing (11),
    - the housing (11) is hermetically sealed and filled with a gas (12),
    - the magnetic sensor (13) is arranged outside of the housing (11) and fixed to the housing (11),
    - the permanent magnet (15) is formed as a ring magnet and comprises an opening (17),
    - the relay comprises an exhaust tube (19) for filling the housing with the gas (12) and the exhaust tube (19) extends at least intermittently into the opening (17) in a first position of the permanent magnet (15).
  2. The relay according to the preceding claim,
    wherein the permanent magnet (15) is secured to the magnetic core (6).
  3. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the permanent magnet (15) is arranged at a first axial end (7) of the magnet armature (5).
  4. The relay according to claim 3,
    comprising a movable contact (4), which forms a second axial end (8) of the magnet armature (5), wherein the second axial end (8) is opposite the first axial end (7).
  5. The relay according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the magnet armature (5) has a recess (16), wherein the permanent magnet (15) is arranged at least partly in the recess (16).
  6. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the permanent magnet (15) is formed symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis (18) of the relay (1) .
  7. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic sensor (13) is formed as a switch (14).
  8. The relay according to claim 7,
    wherein the switch (14) is formed as a reed switch or as Hall sensor.
  9. The relay according to one of claims 7 or 8,
    comprising a plurality of contacts (2, 3, 4), wherein the switch (14) is closed when the contacts (2, 3, 4) are open or wherein the switch (14) is open when the contacts (2, 3, 4) are closed.
  10. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic sensor (13) is formed as a changeover switch.
EP17701890.0A 2016-01-29 2017-01-30 Relay Active EP3408859B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102016101615 2016-01-29
DE102016107127.7A DE102016107127A1 (en) 2016-01-29 2016-04-18 relay
PCT/EP2017/051945 WO2017129823A1 (en) 2016-01-29 2017-01-30 Relay

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EP3408859A1 EP3408859A1 (en) 2018-12-05
EP3408859B1 true EP3408859B1 (en) 2022-11-16

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JP (1) JP6637189B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102156992B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2017129823A1 (en)

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JP6637189B2 (en) 2020-01-29
WO2017129823A1 (en) 2017-08-03
KR20180101553A (en) 2018-09-12
JP2019503056A (en) 2019-01-31
US20190019643A1 (en) 2019-01-17
DE102016107127A1 (en) 2017-08-03
CN108496236B (en) 2022-01-11
CN108496236A (en) 2018-09-04
KR102156992B1 (en) 2020-09-21
US10854406B2 (en) 2020-12-01
EP3408859A1 (en) 2018-12-05

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