EP3408519B1 - Determining operating states of an internal combustion engine by means of a generator regulator of an electric machine which is coupled to the internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Determining operating states of an internal combustion engine by means of a generator regulator of an electric machine which is coupled to the internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3408519B1 EP3408519B1 EP16819546.9A EP16819546A EP3408519B1 EP 3408519 B1 EP3408519 B1 EP 3408519B1 EP 16819546 A EP16819546 A EP 16819546A EP 3408519 B1 EP3408519 B1 EP 3408519B1
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- European Patent Office
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- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- electrical machine
- determined
- operating state
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0097—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating speed signals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
- F02N2200/041—Starter speed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining an operating state of an internal combustion engine and a computing unit, preferably a controller for an electrical machine, and a computer program for carrying it out.
- Electrical machines in particular externally excited electrical machines, can be used to regulate the vehicle electrical system voltage. These have a regulator that regulates the excitation current of the electrical machine as a function of the vehicle electrical system voltage. Such a machine is from the DE102012204751 A1 or the EP 078 089 A1 known.
- so-called intelligent controllers can be used, which set a higher excitation current on the electrical machine in the overrun mode in order to recover electrical energy and, in the case of the operating state, acceleration by the internal combustion engine, which reduces the output currents of the electrical machine, by more drive torque for acceleration of the vehicle.
- an electrical machine can also be an electrical machine that can be operated as a generator and / or motor, for example a so-called starter generator.
- the engine control unit is currently responsible for recognizing these operating states of the internal combustion engine, which recognizes these operating states on the basis of its own control specifications and by means of a suitable interface to the controller in accordance with appropriate specifications relating to the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine of the electrical machine.
- the controller controls the current output of the generator via a target voltage specification of the vehicle electrical system voltage.
- the method serves to determine an operating state of an internal combustion engine by means of a control unit, the control unit preferably being designed as a controller of an electrical machine coupled to the internal combustion engine.
- the electrical machine can be driven by the internal combustion engine, wherein the electrical machine can be firmly connected to the internal combustion engine and can be coupled to its crankshaft, for example by means of a belt drive.
- the method uses a control unit to determine the time profile of at least one phase signal of the electrical machine.
- a phase signal is the phase voltage and / or the phase current of at least one of the stator-side phase windings of the electrical machine, in particular against a fixed reference potential such as e.g. Dimensions.
- a time course of a rotational speed of the electrical machine is determined from the time course of the phase signal of the electrical machine.
- the time course of the speed is analyzed and at least one speed pattern caused by the internal combustion engine is determined from the time course of the speed.
- at least one operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined on the basis of the at least one determined speed pattern, the operating state preferably being an operating state of an operated internal combustion engine.
- the speed patterns characteristic of the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine are not only transferred to the generator as such, but that the speed patterns characteristic of the respective operating states are transmitted directly from at least one of the phase signals of the electrical ones Are extractable and based on the respective speed signatures respective operating state of the internal combustion engine can be inferred.
- At least one of the previously described method steps is preferably carried out by means of a control unit, in particular by means of a controller of an electrical machine coupled to the internal combustion engine.
- the controller is preferably structurally arranged in or on the electrical machine. Carrying out the respective process steps in the control unit, in particular in the controller of the electrical machine, is particularly advantageous since it does not necessarily require a communication line, e.g. to carry out individual steps or the entire process sequence.
- the method is used in an electrical machine without a freewheel.
- the rotational speed signatures caused by the internal combustion engine can be recognized even better by a permanent forced coupling of the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine.
- the at least one speed pattern brought about by the internal combustion engine has a gradient of the time profile of the mean value of the speed and / or an oscillation superimposed on the time profile of the mean value of the speed, in particular a period and / or an amplitude of a vibration
- the respective Speed pattern is derived by means of a corresponding filter, preferably an adaptive frequency bandpass filter.
- the internal combustion engine delivers its respective torque to the crankshaft in pulses.
- the frequency of the torque output is essentially determined by the current speed and the number of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine.
- the mean speed or the mean value of the time course of the speed is determined over a definable time interval.
- This time interval typically comprises several periods of the oscillations or oscillations and is chosen in particular in such a way that the gradient of the mean value shows a temporal tendency of the speed change, e.g. falling, rising or constant.
- a characteristic decrease or increase in the respective speed can be used to infer an operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- the combination of both speed patterns or speed characteristics can in turn be used to plausibility check the operating states determined from the other speed pattern.
- the amplitude of a vibration can be determined by averaging over the recorded and stored values and from a fluctuation of the respective values around the average, by detecting the maxima and minima.
- the frequency behavior of the oscillation or of the oscillations can also be determined by extrapolating these values over time.
- the respective speed patterns can alternatively be extracted by means of a filter, in particular a frequency filter, from the speed signal, which was determined from the respective phase signals of the electrical machine, the respective frequency band of this frequency bandpass filter corresponding to the present motor characteristic, in particular the present speed or the number of cylinders and the clock ratio of the respective motor can be adapted accordingly in order to be able to reliably derive the respective oscillations from the speed signal.
- a filter in particular a frequency filter
- At least the operating state of the internal combustion engine, delivery of torque, in particular acceleration or no delivery of torque, in particular thrust, or idling is determined.
- the particular operating states of the internal combustion engine can be determined in particular from the oscillation, which is superimposed on the average speed signal.
- the frequency of the oscillation correlates with the respective speed of the internal combustion engine, the amplitude of the oscillation, in particular its magnitude, correlating with the ignition of a fuel-air mixture in the internal combustion engine, in particular the delivery of torque by the internal combustion engine.
- the frequency of the oscillation is in a first approximation directly dependent on the current average speed, provided that the number of active cylinders does not change, for example due to cylinder deactivation or the like. changes. If an increase or decrease in the frequency of the oscillation is thus detected, this signature allows a determination of whether and to what extent the speed of the internal combustion engine increases or decreases.
- the amplitude of the oscillation can be used to determine whether the internal combustion engine is outputting torque, which indicates that the internal combustion engine is accelerating or idling. In the case of a very small one to negligible amplitude of the oscillations, this does not suggest that the internal combustion engine emits torque or does not ignite a fuel-air mixture in the internal combustion engine, in particular an overrun operation.
- the idle mode is characterized in particular by the fact that an output of torque, i. H. a clearly recognizable amplitude level can be observed, but no significant increase or decrease in speed can be observed.
- the gradient of the speed curve can be used for the evaluation and determination of the respective operating state, since the oscillations are very low in this operating state.
- the described method also allows the time transitional areas between the individual operating states to be clearly recorded, which can be used in an advantageous manner in particular for regulating the electrical machine.
- this method has a further method step in which a movement pattern of the internal combustion engine is determined by a motion sensor and an operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined on the basis of the at least one determined movement pattern.
- the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine can also be determined from a movement pattern of a motion sensor which is operatively connected to the internal combustion engine, preferably arranged on the electrical machine.
- Optical motion sensors or acceleration sensors in the form of micro-electro-mechanical systems are particularly suitable as motion sensors for this (MEMS) or other acceleration sensors, for example on a piezoceramic basis.
- the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined from the speed pattern is compared with the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined from the movement pattern.
- the respective sensory advantages of the sensors can be optimally used in order to be able to reliably determine almost every possible operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- starting or stopping the internal combustion engine is typically associated with strong shaking movements, which can be reliably determined via the movement sensor.
- the operating states can, if necessary, also be compared with one another and checked for plausibility. In the event of a contradiction in the operating states determined from the two sensors, an error message or a control strategy of the electrical machine that is further provided for such a state can also be initiated.
- the method has a further method step for regulating the electrical machine, in which the excitation current of the electrical machine is regulated in a respective operating state of the internal combustion engine in such a way that the braking torque of the electrical machine is increased or decreased.
- Corresponding control of the electrical machine on the basis of the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined in each case is advantageous, since in this way the braking torque of the electrical machine is reduced, even in the event of an acceleration process in which the entire torque required and delivered by the internal combustion engine should be converted into propulsion can be reduced to 0 so as not to impair the acceleration process.
- the braking torque of the electrical machine can be increased, whereby on the one hand the increase in speed of a vehicle in which the internal combustion engine is accommodated can be regulated and the absorption of energy due to the overrun operation can be fed into the vehicle electrical system by means of recuperation of the electrical machine.
- the excitation current is regulated by specifying a target voltage and / or a target current of the motor vehicle electrical system or by specifying a maximum current output, the maximum current output and / or the maximum excitation current preferably being parameterized according to the operating states of the internal combustion engine.
- Such an excitation current control which is based on a specification of the target voltage or the target current of the vehicle electrical system, can be used to implement a corresponding recuperation in overrun mode or an almost braking torque-free running of the electric machine in acceleration mode of the internal combustion engine.
- a regulation can also be regulated by regulating a maximum current to be emitted into the motor vehicle electrical system, wherein this maximum current can in turn be parameterized depending on the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine.
- Such parameterization can either be done numerically or implemented by querying the parameters stored in a stored map.
- a computing unit in particular a controller for an electrical machine, which is preferably arranged in the electrical machine, but can also be arranged externally to the electrical machine, is particularly advantageous since the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly simple manner. Executing the method in a controller of the electrical machine is also particularly advantageous since both the evaluation of the signals, the determination of the respective operating states and the adjustment of the electrical machine based on the determined operating states can take place without an additional external communication connection.
- FIG. 1 A control known from the prior art for regulating the voltage in a motor vehicle electrical system 10 is shown.
- the motor vehicle electrical system 10 is fed by means of an electrical machine 14 coupled to an internal combustion engine 12, the electrical machine 14 being driven by the internal combustion engine 12 by means of a coupling element 16, typically a belt drive.
- a computing unit 18 is provided in the form of a regulator 20, which regulates the excitation current of the electrical machine accordingly as a function of the on-board electrical system voltage 10.
- the corresponding operating states of the internal combustion engine 12 are typically determined by a control device 22 assigned to the internal combustion engine 12, whereupon the control device 22 via a communication connection 24 control signals are transmitted to the controller 20 in order to set an excitation current of the electrical machine 14 in accordance with the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine 12.
- the controller 20 of the electrical machine 14 or a corresponding computing unit (not shown) arranged externally to the electrical machine 14 is always passive with regard to ascertaining the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine 12 and is only set up for this purpose on the basis of a control by the control unit 22 the excitation current the electrical machine 14 to increase or decrease in accordance with the respective operating state.
- FIG 2a A schematic representation of a construction according to the invention of an internal combustion engine 112 and an electrical machine 114 connected to the internal combustion engine 112 is shown, the electrical machine 114 being driven by the internal combustion engine 112 by means of a belt 116.
- the belt 116 is operatively connected to the crankshaft 117 of the internal combustion engine 112 on the engine side.
- the internal combustion engine 112 outputs the torque to the crankshaft 117 in a pulsed manner due to the work cycles of the respective cylinders of the internal combustion engine 112.
- the frequency of the torque output is determined by the current speed of the internal combustion engine 112 and the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine 112.
- f moment n KW / 60 * Number of cylinders / 2nd , where n KW is the speed of the internal combustion engine 112 or the crankshaft in revolutions per minute.
- This non-uniform torque output either generates a beat on the rotational speed of the shaft when the clutch is open or a corresponding vibration behavior of the engine block when the clutch is closed, since when the clutch is closed, the rotational speed can be regarded as constant in a first approximation due to the coupled vehicle mass. Due to the fixed coupling of the electrical machine 114 to the internal combustion engine 112 through the coupling element 116 in the form of a belt or the fixed connection of the electrical machine 114 on or to the internal combustion engine 112, the corresponding beat or oscillation, which is caused by the pulse-like Torque output of the engine 112 is caused to be transmitted to the electric machine 114.
- the electrical machine 114 has the computing unit 118 according to the invention in the form of a controller 120, which is set up to determine a time curve of a speed 122 from the phase signal 121, the time curve of the speed 122 being analyzed and the time curve A speed pattern 128-136 (cf. Figures 4 and 5 ) derived from the characteristic pulse-like vibrations of the internal combustion engine 112.
- the computing unit 118 in the form of a controller 120 is also set up to determine the operating states 128a - on the basis of the derived speed patterns 128-136. 136a of the internal combustion engine 112 (cf. Figures 4 and 5 ) without the need for a corresponding external control unit.
- the electrical machine 114 or the computing unit 118 assigned to it is therefore set up to carry out the previously described method steps completely independently by an external analysis and / or external control unit.
- FIG 2b is another, too Figure 2a ) Similar, described embodiment. Same or comparable characteristics too Figure 2a ) were identified with the same reference number but with another letter (b).
- the electrical machine 114b has a motion sensor 115b, which is connected to the electrical machine 114b and is operatively connected to the internal combustion engine 112b.
- a movement pattern 228-242 of the internal combustion engine 112b can thus be determined by the movement sensor 115b.
- An operating state 228a-242a of the internal combustion engine 112b can again be determined on the basis of the movement pattern 228-242 determined (cf. Figure 6 ).
- the respective operating state 128a-136a or 228a-242a of the internal combustion engine 112b can also be determined from a movement pattern 228-242 of the movement sensor 115b which is arranged on the electrical machine 114b and is thus operatively connected to the internal combustion engine 112b.
- the motion sensor can also be attached elsewhere, as long as a detection of the motor movements is possible (not shown).
- Optical motion sensors or acceleration sensors in the form of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) or other acceleration sensors, for example on a piezoceramic basis (not shown), are particularly suitable as motion sensors 115b.
- the operating states 128a-136a of the internal combustion engine 112 determined from the speed pattern 128-136 can be compared with those from the movement pattern 228 -242 determined operating states 228a -242a of the internal combustion engine 112a are compared.
- the respective sensory advantages of the sensors can be optimally used to almost every possible operating state of the internal combustion engine 112 can be determined safely.
- starting 242a or stopping 238a of internal combustion engine 112 is typically associated with strong shaking movements of internal combustion engine 112, which can be reliably determined via motion sensor 115b (cf. here Figures 6 f) and g) ).
- the respectively determined operating states 128a-136a or 228a-242a can, if necessary, also be compared with one another and checked for plausibility .
- an error message or a control strategy of the electrical machine 114 which is further provided for such a state can also be initiated (not shown).
- Figure 2c another embodiment of the present invention is shown. Same or comparable characteristics too Figure 2a ) respectively.
- Figure 2b were identified with the same reference number but with another letter c).
- a single operating state 128a-136a which does not contradict the respective patterns, was determined, which also includes the states of the engine stop 228a and the engine start 242a.
- the computing unit 118c which is in the form of a controller 120c of an electrical machine 114c, is also set up to determine an operating state 128a-136a or 228a-242a of the internal combustion engine 112 (cf. Figure 5 and 6 ) and on the basis of the recognized operating state 128a-136a or 228a-242a of the internal combustion engine 112, an excitation current I Err in such a way to adapt the respective operating state 128a-136a or 228a-242a of the internal combustion engine 112 so that the braking torque of the electrical machine 112 is increased or decreased.
- the excitation current can be regulated by specifying a target voltage U target or a target current I target of the motor vehicle electrical system 110c or by specifying a maximum current output I Max, wherein the maximum current output I Max can be parameterized according to the operating states of the internal combustion engine 112.
- Such parameterization can either be done numerically or implemented by querying the parameters stored in a stored map (not shown). Furthermore, a corresponding control specification for the operating state start 242a or stop 238a can also be provided, the braking torque of the electrical machine being reduced accordingly at start 242a so as not to unnecessarily impair the starting process.
- the motion sensor 115b to activate the so-called “waking up” of the controller 120 from the standby mode, in which the electrical machine is, for example, when the internal combustion engine 112 is switched off (not shown).
- the operating state 'idling' can be clearly recognized, since in this operating state the output power of the electrical machine 114 may only be increased gradually in order to ensure adequate readjustment of the internal combustion engine 112 (not shown) .
- phase signal 121 is one of the phase voltages 121a of the electrical machine. It is understood that basically any phase voltage of one or more phases of the electrical machine 114, but also the respective phase currents, can be used to derive therefrom the speed signal of the electrical machine 114 as well as the speed signal and the speed pattern 128-136 of the internal combustion engine 112 coupled to it to be determined (not shown). If more than one phase voltage is used, a correspondingly higher temporal resolution of the speed signal can be achieved (not shown).
- the phase voltage 121a is rectangular in a first approximation for a generator with current output.
- An average phase time T phase can be detected on this signal of the phase voltage 121a, this being best determined on the steep edges of the phase voltage 121a.
- the corresponding values of the speed 122 and an average speed 122a, which corresponds to the mean value of the speed 122 within a time interval, are shown in FIG Figure 3 also represented as points or as a line.
- the time interval can in particular be selected such that averaging is carried out over several oscillations.
- the speed can preferably be determined digitally.
- the instantaneous speed n KW can be determined by measuring the time intervals T phase of the amplitudes in the phase signal 121 of the electrical machine 114.
- the controller 118 can store a fixed number of speed values in a memory, for example in a shift register (not shown) and determine a maximum and a minimum instantaneous speed in each case at least within one oscillation cycle.
- the maximum and minimum instantaneous speeds are preferably the peak speeds in the respectively recorded time range. The difference between these speeds is a measure of the torque output by the internal combustion engine 112.
- the speed can be determined on the basis of the rising and falling edges of the phase voltage 121 a.
- any number of speed values can be recorded in the memory, although an entire cycle of an oscillation should be recorded for evaluation.
- the ratios of the corresponding frequencies are to be considered below and compared with the Nyquist criterion.
- FIG 4 The speed curve 122 of an internal combustion engine 112 is shown over a longer period of time.
- This speed curve 122 has corresponding speed patterns 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, which are characteristic of different operating states 128a, 130a, 132a, 134a, 136a of an internal combustion engine 112.
- the respective speed patterns 128 to 136 are in Figure 5a ) to e) are shown enlarged again. In the Figures 5a ) to e) the speed over time is shown.
- FIG 5a An operating state 128a of the internal combustion engine 112 is shown, in which the internal combustion engine 112 outputs torque. This is an acceleration process of the vehicle by the internal combustion engine 112.
- the oscillation of the detected speed 122 results from the oscillation or vibration that is transmitted from the internal combustion engine 112 to the electric machine 114 via the belt drive 116.
- the frequency of the oscillation in the speed signal correlates with the current speed 122 of the electrical machine 114 or the internal combustion engine 112.
- the in Figure 5a ) section of the speed signal 122 has a constantly increasing profile. It can be seen from this that the speed 122 of the internal combustion engine 112 increases continuously. The increase in speed 122 can also be derived from the steady increase in the frequency of the vibration. The amplitude of the oscillation, which results in comparison with the average rotational speed 122 a, is a measure of the torque that is output by the internal combustion engine 112. It can thus be seen from the amplitudes of the oscillation, which can be derived directly from the speed curve 122, whether torque is output by the internal combustion engine 112 or not.
- FIG. 5b Another speed pattern 130 which is characteristic of an operating state 130a of the internal combustion engine 112 is shown, which is obtained in the event of a coasting operation of the internal combustion engine 112.
- the oscillation of the detected speed 122 is very low and essentially corresponds to the average speed 122a, since the braking torque of the internal combustion engine 112 is only due to the cylinder compression and the idling torque of the internal combustion engine 112 arises.
- the internal combustion engine 112 thus behaves very quietly in overrun mode.
- the speed pattern 130 of the present coasting operating state 130a is characterized in particular by the fact that almost no oscillations occur and the speed curve has a continuously falling gradient.
- this speed pattern 130 which is characteristic of the overrun mode 130a, the overrun mode 130a of the internal combustion engine 122 can be easily recognized by the method according to the invention.
- FIG 5c Another speed pattern 132 that is characteristic of an operating state 132a of the internal combustion engine 112 is shown.
- internal combustion engine 112 is idling. This can be seen from the fact that the average speed 122a remains constant in the first approximation, the speed 122 having an oscillation with approximately the same amplitude and the same frequency. Furthermore, it can be concluded from the constant frequency that there is no increase or decrease in speed. On the basis of the clearly recognizable amplitude, it can be derived that the internal combustion engine 112 emits torque.
- FIG 5d A further speed pattern 134 which is characteristic of a further operating state 134a of the internal combustion engine 112 is shown.
- the vehicle in which the internal combustion engine 112 is accommodated is on a downhill run in overrun mode. It can be seen here that the average speed 122a increases and almost no speed oscillations are recognizable, which is characteristic of the overrun mode (cf. Figure 5b )).
- the computing unit 118 of the electrical machine 114 is set up in such a way that it increases the excitation current of the electrical machine, particularly in overrun mode 130a and 134a, as a result of which braking torque is brought about via the electrical machine.
- the kinetic energy correspondingly transferred to the electrical machine is converted into electrical energy and fed into the vehicle electrical system. This process is also known as recuperation.
- the excitation current of the electrical machine 114 is correspondingly reduced, sometimes to zero, so that the torque requested by the internal combustion engine 112 is not compensated for by any braking torque of the generator.
- the excitation current can be regulated accordingly as required, but care must always be taken that the excitation current is set in such a way that the smooth running of internal combustion engine 112 is not significantly disturbed when idling.
- a movement pattern 228 to 242 which is characteristic of an operating state 228a to 242a of an internal combustion engine 112, is shown that by means of a movement sensor 115b (cf. Figure 2b ) can be determined.
- the operating states 228a to 236a are shown, which correspond to the operating states 128a to 136a Figure 5a ) to e), which in turn were derived from the respective speed patterns 128 to 136.
- Figure 6a shows the movement pattern 228 determined by means of the movement sensor 115b for the operating state 238a, in which a fuel / air mixture is ignited in the internal combustion engine 112 and the vehicle, in which the internal combustion engine 112 is accommodated, is in an acceleration process.
- FIG. 6 c Another movement pattern 232 which is characteristic of the operating state 232a idling of the internal combustion engine 112 is shown.
- vibration pattern 232 determined by vibration sensor 115b is not particularly pronounced, since in this state, despite slight torque output from internal combustion engine 112, typically no particularly pronounced vibrations of internal combustion engine 112 occur.
- FIG 6 d Another movement pattern 234 which is characteristic of a further operating state 234a of internal combustion engine 112 is shown.
- the vehicle in which the internal combustion engine 112 is accommodated, is on a downhill run in overrun mode. Since the internal combustion engine 112 is in overrun mode, typically no fuel / air mixture is ignited in the internal combustion engine 112, as a result of which the internal combustion engine 112 behaves very quietly.
- the vibration pattern 234 which is characteristic of this operating state and which can be determined by the motion sensor 115b.
- FIG. 6 f Another operating state 238a of the internal combustion engine is shown.
- a typical switch-off behavior of internal combustion engine 112 is shown here.
- the internal combustion engine 112 has a relatively quiet movement pattern up to a switch-off time 239. At the time of switching off, the sudden change in the operating state of the internal combustion engine results in a power surge which results in a brief vibration in the movement pattern 238 noticeable. After the internal combustion engine is switched off, the internal combustion engine 112 no longer has any further movements.
- FIG. 6 g Another operating state 242a of the internal combustion engine is shown.
- the internal combustion engine 112 is switched on, whereby no movements of the internal combustion engine 112 are detected by the movement sensor 115b until the switch-on time 240.
- the switch-on time 240 there is a strong power surge, which results in a brief, strong vibration and oscillation of the internal combustion engine 112 and then a phase which is approximately the same as in FIG Figure 6 c) Idle vibration shown of the internal combustion engine 112 corresponds.
- Switching-off 228a or switching-on processes 242a of the internal combustion engine 112 shown can be recognized very easily by the power surge of the internal combustion engine 112 which is characteristic of the respective switching-on or switching-off process. Furthermore, the switch-on process 242a of the internal combustion engine, which is shown in FIG Figure 6 g) is shown, can be detected very well via the motion sensor 115b since the electrical machine is typically in a standby mode when the internal combustion engine 112 is switched off, in which during a starting process is not readily based on the speed changes resulting from a phase signal 121 of the electrical machine 114 can be determined, can be concluded.
- an ambiguous operating state can result, which can be compared on the basis of the data ascertained from the motion sensor 115b and can therefore be reliably determined.
- a determination of the start by the motion sensor can be used as an initialization or "wax-up signal" for the electrical machine 114 in order to correspondingly initialize the settings in the electrical machine 114, in particular in the controller 118, for the start of the internal combustion engine 112.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Betriebszustands einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine Recheneinheit, vorzugsweise einen Regler für eine elektrische Maschine, und ein Computerprogramm zu dessen Durchführung.The present invention relates to a method for determining an operating state of an internal combustion engine and a computing unit, preferably a controller for an electrical machine, and a computer program for carrying it out.
Zur Regelung der Bordnetzspannung in Fahrzeugen können elektrische Maschinen, insbesondere fremderregte elektrische Maschinen verwendet werden. Diese weisen einen Regler auf, der in Abhängigkeit von der Bordnetzspannung den Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine regelt. Eine derartige Maschine ist aus der
Zudem kann man auch sog. intelligente Regler verwenden, die im Betriebszustand Schubbetrieb einen höheren Erregerstrom an der elektrischen Maschine einstellen, um elektrische Energie rückzugewinnen und im Falle des Betriebszustands Beschleunigung durch die Brennkraftmaschine, die die Abgabeströme der elektrischen Maschine reduziert, um mehr Antriebsdrehmoment zur Beschleunigung des Fahrzeugs zur Verfügung zu stellen.In addition, so-called intelligent controllers can be used, which set a higher excitation current on the electrical machine in the overrun mode in order to recover electrical energy and, in the case of the operating state, acceleration by the internal combustion engine, which reduces the output currents of the electrical machine, by more drive torque for acceleration of the vehicle.
Ist nachfolgend allgemein von einer elektrischen Maschine die Rede, kann es sich hierbei auch um eine generatorisch und/oder motorisch betreibbare elektrische Maschine handeln, beispielsweise um einen sogenannten Startergenerator.If an electrical machine is generally mentioned below, this can also be an electrical machine that can be operated as a generator and / or motor, for example a so-called starter generator.
Die Erkennung dieser Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine obliegt derzeit dem Motorsteuergerät, dass diese Betriebszustände auf Basis der eigenen Regelvorgaben erkennt und mittels geeigneter Schnittstelle entsprechende Vorgaben bzgl. des jeweiligen Betriebszustands der Brennkraftmaschine an den Regler der elektrischen Maschine macht. Infolgedessen steuert der Regler über eine Sollspannungsvorgabe der Bordnetzspannung die Stromabgabe des Generators.The engine control unit is currently responsible for recognizing these operating states of the internal combustion engine, which recognizes these operating states on the basis of its own control specifications and by means of a suitable interface to the controller in accordance with appropriate specifications relating to the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine of the electrical machine. As a result, the controller controls the current output of the generator via a target voltage specification of the vehicle electrical system voltage.
Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch aufwendig, da die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine erst extern im Motorsteuergerät der Brennkraftmaschine ermittelt werden, die ermittelten Betriebszustände an den Regler der elektrischen Maschine übermittelt werden und anschließend, sofern erforderlich, der Regler die für den jeweiligen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine entsprechende Regelvorgabe an der elektrischen Maschine ausführt.However, this method is complex since the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine are first determined externally in the engine control unit of the internal combustion engine, the determined operating states are transmitted to the controller of the electrical machine and then, if necessary, the controller specifies the control specification corresponding to the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine of the electrical machine.
Zudem muss eine Kommunikationsverbindung zwischen Regler und Motorsteuergerät vorhanden und stets aufrechterhalten werden, um eine entsprechende Regelung der elektrischen Maschine zu ermöglichen.In addition, a communication link between the controller and the engine control unit must be available and always maintained to enable appropriate regulation of the electrical machine.
Es wäre daher wünschenswert, dass die Betriebszustandserkennung der Brennkraftmaschine nicht auf Regelvorgaben des Motorsteuergeräts, sondern auf objektiven Zustandsgrößen bzw. daraus direkt basierenden Messgrößen beruhen, die den Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine sicher wiedergeben.It would therefore be desirable for the operating state detection of the internal combustion engine not to be based on control specifications of the engine control unit, but rather on objective state variables or measurement variables based directly on them, which reliably reproduce the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
Es werden ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Betriebszustands einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie einer Recheneinheit und ein Computerprogramm zu dessen Durchführung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.A method for determining an operating state of an internal combustion engine and a computing unit and a computer program for carrying it out are proposed with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims and the following description.
Das Verfahren dient zum Ermitteln eines Betriebszustands einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Steuereinheit, wobei vorzugsweise die Steuereinheit als Regler einer mit der Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen Maschine ausgebildet ist.The method serves to determine an operating state of an internal combustion engine by means of a control unit, the control unit preferably being designed as a controller of an electrical machine coupled to the internal combustion engine.
Die elektrische Maschine kann durch die Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben werden, wobei die elektrische Maschine mit der Brennkraftmaschine fest verbunden und an deren Kurbelwelle beispielsweise mittels eines Riementriebs gekoppelt sein kann. Durch das Verfahren wird mittels einer Steuereinheit der zeitliche Verlauf zumindest eines Phasensignals der elektrischen Maschine ermittelt. Bei einem Phasensignal handelt es sich vorliegend um die Phasenspannung und/oder den Phasenstrom zumindest einer der ständerseitigen Phasenwicklungen der elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere gegen ein festes Bezugspotential wie z.B. Masse.The electrical machine can be driven by the internal combustion engine, wherein the electrical machine can be firmly connected to the internal combustion engine and can be coupled to its crankshaft, for example by means of a belt drive. The method uses a control unit to determine the time profile of at least one phase signal of the electrical machine. In the present case, a phase signal is the phase voltage and / or the phase current of at least one of the stator-side phase windings of the electrical machine, in particular against a fixed reference potential such as e.g. Dimensions.
Im Anschluss wird aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf des Phasensignals der elektrischen Maschine ein zeitlicher Verlauf einer Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine ermittelt. Im Anschluss hieran wird der zeitliche Verlauf der Drehzahl analysiert und zumindest ein durch die Brennkraftmaschine bewirktes Drehzahlmuster aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Drehzahl ermittelt. Hieran anschließend wird auf Basis des zumindest einen ermittelten Drehzahlmusters zumindest ein Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine ermittelt, wobei es sich bei dem Betriebszustand vorzugsweise um einen Betriebszustand einer betriebenen Brennkraftmaschine handelt.Subsequently, a time course of a rotational speed of the electrical machine is determined from the time course of the phase signal of the electrical machine. Subsequently, the time course of the speed is analyzed and at least one speed pattern caused by the internal combustion engine is determined from the time course of the speed. Subsequently, at least one operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined on the basis of the at least one determined speed pattern, the operating state preferably being an operating state of an operated internal combustion engine.
Auf diese Weise können auf sehr einfache Art verschiedene Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine anhand zumindest eines Phasensignals der elektrischen Maschine ermittelt werden. Dies ist möglich, da sich die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine und die damit verbundenen charakteristischen Drehzahlmuster bzw. Drehzahlsignaturen aufgrund der Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine und der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere durch einen die elektrische Maschine antreibenden Riementrieb, aufeinander übertragen.In this way, different operating states of the internal combustion engine can be determined in a very simple manner on the basis of at least one phase signal of the electrical machine. This is possible because the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine and the characteristic speed patterns or speed signatures associated therewith are transmitted to one another due to the coupling between the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine, in particular by means of a belt drive driving the electrical machine.
Es wurde erkannt, dass die für jeweilige Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine charakteristischen Drehzahlmuster, insbesondere in Form von Oszillationen bzw. Schwingungen, sich nicht nur auf den Generator als solchen übertragen, sondern dass die für die jeweiligen Betriebszustände charakteristischen Drehzahlmuster direkt aus zumindest einem der Phasensignale der elektrischen Maschine extrahierbar sind und auf Basis der jeweiligen Drehzahlsignaturen auf einen jeweiligen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine rückgeschlossen werden kann.It was recognized that the speed patterns characteristic of the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine, in particular in the form of oscillations or vibrations, are not only transferred to the generator as such, but that the speed patterns characteristic of the respective operating states are transmitted directly from at least one of the phase signals of the electrical ones Are extractable and based on the respective speed signatures respective operating state of the internal combustion engine can be inferred.
Vorzugsweise wird zumindest einer der zuvor bezeichneten Verfahrensschritte mittels einer Steuereinheit, insbesondere mittels eines Reglers einer mit der Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen Maschine ausgeführt. Hierbei ist der Regler vorzugsweise baulich in die oder an der elektrischen Maschine angeordnet. Das Ausführen der jeweiligen Verfahrensschritte in der Steuereinheit, insbesondere im Regler der elektrischen Maschine, ist besonders von Vorteil, da es zur Durchführung einzelner Schritte bzw. des gesamten Verfahrensablaufs nicht zwingend einer Kommunikationsleitung z.B. einer LIN-Verbindung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere des Reglers der elektrischen Maschine, und einer externen Einheit, insbesondere eines Motorsteuergeräts, bedarf.At least one of the previously described method steps is preferably carried out by means of a control unit, in particular by means of a controller of an electrical machine coupled to the internal combustion engine. The controller is preferably structurally arranged in or on the electrical machine. Carrying out the respective process steps in the control unit, in particular in the controller of the electrical machine, is particularly advantageous since it does not necessarily require a communication line, e.g. to carry out individual steps or the entire process sequence. a LIN connection between the electrical machine, in particular the controller of the electrical machine, and an external unit, in particular a motor control unit, is required.
Es versteht sich jedoch, dass eine solche Verbindung zwischen dem Generatorregler und einer externen Einheit, insbesondere eines Motorsteuergeräts, durchaus vorgesehen sein kann, um entweder in der elektrischen Maschine ermittelte Daten zur Weiterverarbeitung an ein Motorsteuergerät zu transferieren oder dass sogar abhängig von der jeweiligen Regelungsarchitektur eines Fahrzeugs ein jeweiliges Motorsteuergerät auch Teile der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte ausführen kann, wodurch das Verfahren besonders einfach und gegen Störungen robust ausführbar ist. Auch eine redundante Ermittlung von Werten und ggf. den daraus abgeleiteten Betriebszuständen ist somit möglich.However, it goes without saying that such a connection between the generator controller and an external unit, in particular an engine control unit, can be provided in order to either transfer data determined in the electrical machine to an engine control unit for further processing, or even depending on the respective control architecture Vehicle a respective engine control unit can also carry out parts of the individual method steps, as a result of which the method can be carried out in a particularly simple manner and is robust against disturbances. A redundant determination of values and, if applicable, the operating states derived therefrom is also possible.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Verfahren bei einer elektrischen Maschine ohne einen Freilauf verwendet. Durch eine dauerhafte Zwangskopplung der elektrischen Maschine und der Brennkraftmaschine können die durch die Brennkraftmaschine bewirken Drehzahlsignaturen noch besser erkannt werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is used in an electrical machine without a freewheel. The rotational speed signatures caused by the internal combustion engine can be recognized even better by a permanent forced coupling of the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das zumindest eine durch die Brennkraftmaschine bewirkte Drehzahlmuster einen Gradienten des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Mittelwerts der Drehzahl und/oder einer dem zeitlichen Verlauf des Mittelwerts der Drehzahl überlagerte Oszillation, insbesondere eine Periode und/oder eine Amplitude einer Schwingung auf, wobei das jeweilige Drehzahlmuster mittels eines entsprechenden Filters, vorzugsweise eines adaptiven Frequenzbandpassfilters, abgeleitet wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one speed pattern brought about by the internal combustion engine has a gradient of the time profile of the mean value of the speed and / or an oscillation superimposed on the time profile of the mean value of the speed, in particular a period and / or an amplitude of a vibration , the respective Speed pattern is derived by means of a corresponding filter, preferably an adaptive frequency bandpass filter.
Die Brennkraftmaschine gibt ihr jeweiliges Drehmoment impulsartig an die Kurbelwelle ab. Die Frequenz der Drehmomentabgabe wird im Wesentlichen durch die aktuelle Drehzahl und die Zylinderzahl einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, bestimmt. Durch die Kopplung der elektrischen Maschine, beispielsweise mittels eines Riemenantriebs an die Welle der Brennkraftmaschine, wird die Frequenz der impulsartigen Drehmomentabgabe in die elektrische Maschine derart eingekoppelt, dass sich diese als dem mittleren Drehzahlsignal überlagerte Oszillation ableiten lässt.The internal combustion engine delivers its respective torque to the crankshaft in pulses. The frequency of the torque output is essentially determined by the current speed and the number of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine. By coupling the electrical machine, for example by means of a belt drive to the shaft of the internal combustion engine, the frequency of the pulsed torque output is coupled into the electrical machine in such a way that it can be derived as an oscillation superimposed on the average speed signal.
Die mittlere Drehzahl bzw. der Mittelwert des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Drehzahl wird über ein festlegbares Zeitintervall ermittelt. Dieses Zeitintervall umfasst typischerweise mehrere Perioden der Schwingungen bzw. der Oszillationen und ist insbesondere derart gewählt, dass der Gradient des Mittelwerts eine zeitliche Tendenz der Drehzahländerung z.B. fallend, steigend oder konstant, wiedergibt.The mean speed or the mean value of the time course of the speed is determined over a definable time interval. This time interval typically comprises several periods of the oscillations or oscillations and is chosen in particular in such a way that the gradient of the mean value shows a temporal tendency of the speed change, e.g. falling, rising or constant.
Somit kann aufgrund der Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine und der Brennkraftmaschine, durch eine charakteristische Ab- bzw. Zunahme der jeweiligen Drehzahl auf einen jeweils vorliegenden Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine rückgeschlossen werden. Die Kombination beider Drehzahlmuster bzw. Drehzahlcharakteristika (Oszillation bzw. Gradient) kann wiederum dafür herangezogen werden, die aus dem jeweils anderen Drehzahlmuster ermittelten Betriebszustände zu plausibilisieren.Thus, based on the coupling between the electrical machine and the internal combustion engine, a characteristic decrease or increase in the respective speed can be used to infer an operating state of the internal combustion engine. The combination of both speed patterns or speed characteristics (oscillation or gradient) can in turn be used to plausibility check the operating states determined from the other speed pattern.
Zur Ermittlung der Oszillationen, die durch die Brennkraftmaschine bewirkt und in die elektrische Maschine eingekoppelt werden, bietet sich an, dass über eine definierte Zeit Messwerte der Drehzahl erfasst und abgespeichert werden, wobei von diesen Messwerten über eine zeitliche Extrapolation ein Gradient erfasst werden kann. Zudem ist durch Mittelwertbildung über die erfassten und gespeicherten Werte und aus einer Schwankung der jeweiligen Werte um den Mittelwert, durch erfassen der Maxima und Minima die Amplitude einer Schwingung ermittelbar. Durch eine zeitliche Extrapolation dieser Werte ist zudem das Frequenzverhalten der Schwingung bzw. der Oszillationen ermittelbar.To determine the oscillations that are caused by the internal combustion engine and are coupled into the electrical machine, it is advisable that measured values of the rotational speed are recorded and stored over a defined time, a gradient of these measured values being able to be recorded via a temporal extrapolation. In addition, the amplitude of a vibration can be determined by averaging over the recorded and stored values and from a fluctuation of the respective values around the average, by detecting the maxima and minima. The frequency behavior of the oscillation or of the oscillations can also be determined by extrapolating these values over time.
Zudem können die jeweiligen Drehzahlmuster alternativ mittels eines Filters, insbesondere eines Frequenzfilters aus dem Drehzahlsignal, das aus den jeweiligen Phasensignalen der elektrischen Maschine ermittelt wurde, extrahiert werden, wobei das jeweilige Frequenzband dieses Frequenzbandpassfilters entsprechend der vorliegenden Motorcharakteristik, insbesondere der vorliegenden Drehzahl bzw. der Zylinderzahl und das Taktverhältnis des jeweiligen Motors entsprechend angepasst werden kann, um die jeweiligen Oszillationen sicher aus dem Drehzahlsignal ableiten zu können.In addition, the respective speed patterns can alternatively be extracted by means of a filter, in particular a frequency filter, from the speed signal, which was determined from the respective phase signals of the electrical machine, the respective frequency band of this frequency bandpass filter corresponding to the present motor characteristic, in particular the present speed or the number of cylinders and the clock ratio of the respective motor can be adapted accordingly in order to be able to reliably derive the respective oscillations from the speed signal.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird zumindest der Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine, Abgabe von Drehmoment, insbesondere Beschleunigung oder keine Abgabe von Drehmoment, insbesondere Schub, oder Leerlauf ermittelt.In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least the operating state of the internal combustion engine, delivery of torque, in particular acceleration or no delivery of torque, in particular thrust, or idling is determined.
Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, die vorgenannten Betriebszustände zu erkennen, da entsprechend der vorgenannten Betriebszustände die elektrische Maschine geregelt werden kann. Hierbei lassen sich insbesondere aus der Oszillation, die dem mittleren Drehzahlsignal überlagert ist, die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine ermitteln.It is particularly advantageous to recognize the aforementioned operating states, since the electrical machine can be regulated in accordance with the aforementioned operating states. The particular operating states of the internal combustion engine can be determined in particular from the oscillation, which is superimposed on the average speed signal.
Die Frequenz der Oszillation korreliert mit der jeweiligen Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Amplitude der Oszillation, insbesondere deren Betrag, mit der Zündung eines Kraftstoff-Luftgemischs in der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere der Abgabe von Drehmoment durch die Brennkraftmaschine, korreliert. Die Frequenz der Oszillation ist dabei in erster Näherung direkt von der aktuellen mittleren Drehzahl abhängig, sofern sich nicht die Zahl der aktiven Zylinder, beispielsweise durch Zylinderabschaltung o.ä. ändert. Wird somit eine Erhöhung bzw. Erniedrigung der Frequenz der Oszillation detektiert, lässt diese Signatur eine Feststellung darüber zu, ob und wie stark sich die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine erhöht bzw. erniedrigt.The frequency of the oscillation correlates with the respective speed of the internal combustion engine, the amplitude of the oscillation, in particular its magnitude, correlating with the ignition of a fuel-air mixture in the internal combustion engine, in particular the delivery of torque by the internal combustion engine. The frequency of the oscillation is in a first approximation directly dependent on the current average speed, provided that the number of active cylinders does not change, for example due to cylinder deactivation or the like. changes. If an increase or decrease in the frequency of the oscillation is thus detected, this signature allows a determination of whether and to what extent the speed of the internal combustion engine increases or decreases.
Aus der Amplitudenhöhe der Oszillation lässt sich entsprechend bestimmen, ob die Brennkraftmaschine Drehmoment abgibt, was auf eine Beschleunigung bzw. einen Leerlauf der Brennkraftmaschine schließen lässt. Im Fall einer sehr geringen bis vernachlässigbaren Amplitude der Oszillationen, lässt dies auf keine Abgabe von Drehmoment durch die Brennkraftmaschine bzw. keine Zündung eines Kraftsoff-Luftgemischs in der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Schubbetrieb, schließen.The amplitude of the oscillation can be used to determine whether the internal combustion engine is outputting torque, which indicates that the internal combustion engine is accelerating or idling. In the case of a very small one to negligible amplitude of the oscillations, this does not suggest that the internal combustion engine emits torque or does not ignite a fuel-air mixture in the internal combustion engine, in particular an overrun operation.
Der Leerlaufbetrieb zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass zwar eine Abgabe von Drehmoment, d. h. eine deutlich erkennbare Amplitudenhöhe beobachtbar ist, jedoch keine wesentliche Drehzahlzunahme bzw. -abnahme zu beobachten ist.The idle mode is characterized in particular by the fact that an output of torque, i. H. a clearly recognizable amplitude level can be observed, but no significant increase or decrease in speed can be observed.
Es kann zudem im Betriebszustand, in dem durch die Brennkraftmaschine kein Drehmoment abgegeben wird, der Gradient des Drehzahlverlaufs für die Auswertung und Ermittlung des jeweiligen Betriebszustands herangezogen werden, da in diesem Betriebszustand die Oszillationen sehr gering sind. Durch das beschriebene Verfahren lassen sich zudem die zeitlichen Übergangsbereiche zwischen den einzelnen Betriebszuständen klar erfassen, was insbesondere für eine Regelung der elektrischen Maschine in vorteilhafter Weise nutzbar ist.In addition, in the operating state in which no torque is emitted by the internal combustion engine, the gradient of the speed curve can be used for the evaluation and determination of the respective operating state, since the oscillations are very low in this operating state. The described method also allows the time transitional areas between the individual operating states to be clearly recorded, which can be used in an advantageous manner in particular for regulating the electrical machine.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zum Ermitteln eines Betriebszustands einer Brennkraftmaschine weist dieses Verfahren einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt auf, in dem ein Bewegungsmuster der Brennkraftmaschine durch einen Bewegungssensor ermittelt wird und auf Basis des zumindest einen ermittelten Bewegungsmusters ein Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine ermittelt wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the method for determining an operating state of an internal combustion engine, this method has a further method step in which a movement pattern of the internal combustion engine is determined by a motion sensor and an operating state of the internal combustion engine is determined on the basis of the at least one determined movement pattern.
Der jeweilige Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine kann neben der Ermittlung aus dem Drehzahlmuster, das aus einem Phasensignal der elektrischen Maschine ermittelt wird, auch aus einem Bewegungsmuster eines Bewegungssensors ermittelt werden, der mit der Brennkraftmaschine in Wirkverbindung steht, vorzugsweise auf der elektrischen Maschine angeordnet ist.In addition to the determination from the speed pattern, which is determined from a phase signal of the electrical machine, the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine can also be determined from a movement pattern of a motion sensor which is operatively connected to the internal combustion engine, preferably arranged on the electrical machine.
Hierdurch ergibt sich eine redundante Informationsquelle aus der die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine ableitbar sind. Als Bewegungssensoren hierfür eignen sich insbesondere Optische Bewegungssensoren oder Beschleunigungssensoren in Form von Mikro-Elektro-Mechanischen Systemen (MEMS) oder sonstige Beschleunigungssensoren, beispielsweise auf piezokeramischer Basis.This results in a redundant information source from which the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine can be derived. Optical motion sensors or acceleration sensors in the form of micro-electro-mechanical systems are particularly suitable as motion sensors for this (MEMS) or other acceleration sensors, for example on a piezoceramic basis.
Hierbei ist es weiter bevorzugt, dass der aus dem Drehzahlmuster ermittelte Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine mit dem aus dem Bewegungsmuster ermittelten Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine verglichen wird.It is further preferred that the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined from the speed pattern is compared with the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined from the movement pattern.
Durch eine Kombination der aus dem jeweiligen Sensor - elektrische Maschine bzw. Recheneinheit oder Bewegungssensor - ermittelten Betriebszustände, können die jeweiligen sensorischen Vorteile der Sensoren optimal genutzt werden, um nahezu jeden möglichen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine sicher ermitteln zu können. Insbesondere das Starten bzw. das Stoppen der Brennkraftmaschine ist typischerweise mit starken Rüttelbewegungen verbunden, die sicher über den Bewegungssensor ermittelbar sind. Durch den Vergleich der ermittelten Betriebszustände auf Basis des Drehzahlmusters und/oder des Bewegungsmusters, können die Betriebszustände, sofern nötig, auch noch miteinander abgeglichen und plausibilisiert werden. Im Falle eines Widerspruchs der aus den beiden Sensoren ermittelten Betriebszustände kann zudem eine Fehlermeldung oder eine für einen solchen Zustand weiter vorgesehene Regelstrategie der elektrischen Maschine initiiert werden.By combining the operating states determined from the respective sensor - electrical machine or computing unit or motion sensor - the respective sensory advantages of the sensors can be optimally used in order to be able to reliably determine almost every possible operating state of the internal combustion engine. In particular, starting or stopping the internal combustion engine is typically associated with strong shaking movements, which can be reliably determined via the movement sensor. By comparing the determined operating states on the basis of the speed pattern and / or the movement pattern, the operating states can, if necessary, also be compared with one another and checked for plausibility. In the event of a contradiction in the operating states determined from the two sensors, an error message or a control strategy of the electrical machine that is further provided for such a state can also be initiated.
In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform weist das Verfahren einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt zur Regelung der elektrischen Maschine auf, in dem der Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine in einem jeweiligen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine derart geregelt wird, dass das Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine vergrößert oder verkleinert wird.In one embodiment according to the invention, the method has a further method step for regulating the electrical machine, in which the excitation current of the electrical machine is regulated in a respective operating state of the internal combustion engine in such a way that the braking torque of the electrical machine is increased or decreased.
Eine entsprechende Regelung der elektrischen Maschine auf Basis des jeweils ermittelten Betriebszustands der Brennkraftmaschine ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch im Fall eines Beschleunigungsvorgangs, in dem möglichst das gesamte von der Brennkraftmaschine geforderte und abgegebene Drehmoment in Vortrieb umgesetzt werden sollte, das Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine verkleinert, sogar bis auf 0 abgesenkt werden kann, um den Beschleunigungsvorgang nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Entsprechend kann während eines Schubbetriebs der Brennkraftmaschine durch Anpassung des Erregerstroms der elektrischen Maschine Mittels des Reglers das Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine erhöht werden, wodurch zum einen die Geschwindigkeitszunahme eines Fahrzeugs, in das die Brennkraftmaschine aufgenommen ist, reguliert werden kann und die durch den Schubbetrieb bedingte Aufnahme von Energie mittels Rekuperation der elektrischen Maschine ins Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz eingespeist werden kann.Corresponding control of the electrical machine on the basis of the operating state of the internal combustion engine determined in each case is advantageous, since in this way the braking torque of the electrical machine is reduced, even in the event of an acceleration process in which the entire torque required and delivered by the internal combustion engine should be converted into propulsion can be reduced to 0 so as not to impair the acceleration process. Correspondingly, during an overrun operation of the internal combustion engine by adapting the excitation current of the electrical machine By means of the controller, the braking torque of the electrical machine can be increased, whereby on the one hand the increase in speed of a vehicle in which the internal combustion engine is accommodated can be regulated and the absorption of energy due to the overrun operation can be fed into the vehicle electrical system by means of recuperation of the electrical machine.
Hierbei ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass der Erregerstrom unter Vorgabe einer Sollspannung und/oder eines Sollstroms des Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzes oder unter Vorgabe einer Maximalstromabgabe, wobei die Maximalstromabgabe und / oder der maximale Erregerstrom vorzugsweise nach Betriebszuständen der Brennkraftmaschine parametrisiert wird, geregelt wird.It is particularly preferred here that the excitation current is regulated by specifying a target voltage and / or a target current of the motor vehicle electrical system or by specifying a maximum current output, the maximum current output and / or the maximum excitation current preferably being parameterized according to the operating states of the internal combustion engine.
Durch eine derartige Erregerstromregelung, die auf einer Vorgabe der Sollspannung bzw. des Sollstroms des Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzes beruht, kann eine entsprechende Rekuperation im Schubbetrieb bzw. ein nahezu bremsmomentfreies Mitlaufen der elektrischen Maschine im Beschleunigungsbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend umgesetzt werden. Alternativ kann eine derartige Regelung auch über eine Regelung eines in das Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz abzugebenden Maximalstroms geregelt werden, wobei dieser Maximalstrom wiederum abhängig von den jeweiligen Betriebszuständen der Brennkraftmaschine parametrisiert werden kann. Eine derartige Parametrisierung kann entweder numerisch erfolgen oder durch Abfrage der in einem hinterlegten Kennfeld gespeicherten Parameter umgesetzt werden.Such an excitation current control, which is based on a specification of the target voltage or the target current of the vehicle electrical system, can be used to implement a corresponding recuperation in overrun mode or an almost braking torque-free running of the electric machine in acceleration mode of the internal combustion engine. Alternatively, such a regulation can also be regulated by regulating a maximum current to be emitted into the motor vehicle electrical system, wherein this maximum current can in turn be parameterized depending on the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine. Such parameterization can either be done numerically or implemented by querying the parameters stored in a stored map.
Eine Recheneinheit, insbesondere ein Regler für eine elektrische Maschine der vorzugsweise in der elektrischen Maschine angeordnet ist, aber auch extern zur elektrischen Maschine anordenbar ist, ist besonders vorteilhaft, da hierdurch auf besonders einfache Art und Weise das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchführbar ist. Das Ausführen des Verfahrens in einem Regler der elektrischen Maschine ist überdies besonders vorteilhaft, da sowohl die Auswertung der Signale, das Ermitteln der jeweiligen Betriebszustände und das Einregeln der elektrischen Maschine auf Basis der ermittelten Betriebszustände ohne zusätzliche externe Kommunikationsverbindung erfolgen kann.A computing unit, in particular a controller for an electrical machine, which is preferably arranged in the electrical machine, but can also be arranged externally to the electrical machine, is particularly advantageous since the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly simple manner. Executing the method in a controller of the electrical machine is also particularly advantageous since both the evaluation of the signals, the determination of the respective operating states and the adjustment of the electrical machine based on the determined operating states can take place without an additional external communication connection.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and refinements of the invention result from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen
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zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer betriebszustandsbasierten Regelung einer elektrischen Maschine durch die Motorsteuerung mittels einer Kommunikationsverbindung gemäß dem Stand der Technik;Figur 1 -
Figur 2 a) zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine an die Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelte erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine in einer schematischen Darstellung; -
Figur 2 b) zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine an die Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelte elektrische Maschine gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, in schematischer Darstellung; -
Figur 2 c) zeigt eine weitere elektrische Maschine gemäß einem noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, in schematischer Darstellung; -
zeigt einen zeitlichen Verlauf einer Phasenspannung der elektrischen Maschine sowie die hieraus abgeleitete Drehzahl;Figur 3 -
zeigt einen Drehzahlverlauf der Brennkraftmaschine, in dem mehrere Betriebszustände einer Brennkraftmaschine durchlaufen werden;Figur 4 -
Figur 5 a)- e) zeigt fünf exemplarisch ausgewählte Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine, die aus einem Drehzahlmuster ermittelt werden; und -
Figur 6 a) - g) zeigt sieben exemplarisch ausgewählte Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine, die aus einem Bewegungsmuster eines Bewegungssensors ermittelt werden.
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Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an operating state-based control of an electrical machine by the motor controller by means of a communication link according to the prior art; -
Figure 2a) shows an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine according to the invention coupled to the internal combustion engine in a schematic representation; -
Figure 2 b) shows an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine coupled to the internal combustion engine according to another embodiment, in a schematic representation; -
Figure 2 c) shows a further electrical machine according to yet another embodiment, in a schematic representation; -
Figure 3 shows a time course of a phase voltage of the electrical machine and the speed derived therefrom; -
Figure 4 shows a speed curve of the internal combustion engine in which several operating states of an internal combustion engine are run through; -
Figure 5 a) - e) shows five exemplary selected operating states of the internal combustion engine, which are determined from a speed pattern; and -
Figure 6 a) - g) shows seven exemplary selected operating states of the internal combustion engine, which are determined from a movement pattern of a movement sensor.
In
Um die Regelung bzw. das Einspeisen elektrischer Energie in das Fahrzeugbordnetz 10 abhängig von den jeweiligen Betriebszuständen der Brennkraftmaschine 12 regeln zu können, werden typischerweise die entsprechenden Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine 12 durch ein der Brennkraftmaschine 12 zugeordnetes Steuergerät 22 ermittelt, woraufhin das Steuergerät 22 über eine Kommunikationsverbindung 24 Steuersignale an den Regler 20 übermittelt, um einen Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine 14 entsprechend des jeweiligen Betriebszustands der Brennkraftmaschine 12 einzustellen. Hierbei ist der Regler 20 der elektrischen Maschine 14 bzw. eine entsprechende extern zur elektrischen Maschine 14 angeordnete Recheneinheit (nicht abgebildet) hinsichtlich einer Ermittlung der jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine 12 stets passiv und lediglich dafür eingerichtet, auf Basis einer Ansteuerung durch das Steuergerät 22 den Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine 14 entsprechend des jeweiligen Betriebszustandes zu erhöhen bzw. zu verringern.In order to be able to regulate or feed electrical energy into the vehicle
In
Diese ungleichförmige Drehmomentabgabe erzeugt entweder eine Schwebung auf der Drehzahl der Welle bei geöffneter Kupplung bzw. ein entsprechendes Schwingverhalten des Motorblocks bei geschlossener Kupplung, da bei geschlossener Kupplung die Drehzahl aufgrund der angekoppelten Fahrzeugmasse als in erster Näherung konstant betrachtet werden kann. Durch die feste Kopplung der elektrischen Maschine 114 mit der Brennkraftmaschine 112 durch das Kopplungselement 116 in Form eines Riemens bzw. der festen Verbindung der elektrischen Maschine 114 auf dem bzw. an der Brennkraftmaschine 112, wird die entsprechende Schwebung oder allgemein Oszillation, die durch die impulsartige Drehmomentabgabe der Brennkraftmaschine 112 verursacht wird, auf die elektrische Maschine 114 übertragen.This non-uniform torque output either generates a beat on the rotational speed of the shaft when the clutch is open or a corresponding vibration behavior of the engine block when the clutch is closed, since when the clutch is closed, the rotational speed can be regarded as constant in a first approximation due to the coupled vehicle mass. Due to the fixed coupling of the
Diese Oszillationen sind in Folge der festen Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine 114 und der Brennkraftmaschine 112 aus dem Phasensignal 120a (vergleiche
Die Recheneinheit 118 in Form eines Reglers 120 ist zudem dazu eingerichtet, auf Basis der abgeleiteten Drehzahlmuster 128-136 die Betriebszustände 128a - 136a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 zu ermitteln (vgl.
In
Somit kann der jeweilige Betriebszustand 128 a - 136a bzw. 228a - 242a der Brennkraftmaschine 112b neben der Ermittlung aus dem Drehzahlmuster 128 - 136, das aus einem Phasensignal 121 der elektrischen Maschine 114b ermittelt wird, auch aus einem Bewegungsmuster 228 -242 des Bewegungssensors 115b ermittelt werden, der an der elektrischen Maschine 114b angeordnet ist und somit mit der Brennkraftmaschine 112b in Wirkverbindung steht. Es versteht sich, dass der Bewegungssensor auch an anderer Stelle angebracht sein kann, solange eine Detektion der Motorbewegungen möglich ist (nicht dargestellt).Thus, in addition to the determination from the speed pattern 128-136, which is determined from a
Hierdurch ergibt sich eine redundante Informationsquelle aus der die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine 112b sicher ableitbar sind. Als Bewegungssensoren 115b eignen sich insbesondere optische Bewegungssensoren oder Beschleunigungssensoren in Form von Mikro-Elektro-Mechanischen Systemen (MEMS) bzw. sonstige Beschleunigungssensoren, beispielsweise auf piezokeramischer Basis (nicht abgebildet).This results in a redundant information source from which the respective operating states of the
Zudem können die aus dem Drehzahlmuster 128 -136 ermittelten Betriebszustände 128a - 136a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 mit den aus dem Bewegungsmuster 228 -242 ermittelten Betriebszuständen 228a -242a der Brennkraftmaschine 112a verglichen werden. Durch eine Kombination der aus dem jeweiligen Sensor - elektrische Maschine 114 bzw. Recheneinheit 118 oder Bewegungssensor 115b - ermittelten Betriebszustände 128 a - 136a bzw. 228a - 242a, können die jeweiligen sensorischen Vorteile der Sensoren optimal genutzt werden, um nahezu jeden möglichen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine 112 sicher ermitteln zu können.In addition, the operating
Insbesondere das Starten 242a bzw. das Stoppen 238a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 ist typischerweise mit starken Rüttelbewegungen der Brennkraftmaschine 112 verbunden, die sicher über den Bewegungssensor 115b ermittelbar sind (vgl. hierzu
In
Die Recheneinheit 118c, die in Form eines Reglers 120c einer elektrischen Maschine 114c ausgebildet ist, ist zudem dazu eingerichtet, einen Betriebszustand 128a - 136a bzw. 228a - 242a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 (vgl.
Durch eine derartige Regelung des Erregerstroms IErr, die auf einer Vorgabe der Sollspannung USoll bzw. des Sollstroms ISoll des Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzes 110c beruht, kann eine entsprechende Rekuperation im Schubbetrieb 130a bzw. ein nahezu bremsmomentfreies Mitlaufen der elektrischen Maschine 114a im Beschleunigungsbetrieb 128a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 entsprechend einfach umgesetzt werden (vgl.
Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, mittels des Bewegungssensors 115b das sog. "Aufwachen" des Reglers 120 aus dem Standby-Betrieb, in dem sich die elektrische Maschine beispielsweise in abgeschalteten Zustand der Brennkraftmaschine 112 befindet, zu aktivieren (nicht dargestellt). Zudem kann, durch Kombination der Informationen aus Drehzahlverlauf und Bewegungssensor 115b der Betriebszustand 'Leerlauf' eindeutig erkannt werden, da in diesem Betriebszustand die Abgabeleistung der elektrischen Maschine 114 nur allmählich erhöht werden darf, um eine ausreichende Nachregelung der Brennkraftmaschine 112 zu gewährleisten (nicht dargestellt).Furthermore, it is advantageous to use the
Die Ermittlung des Drehzahlsignals 122 aus einem Phasensignal 121 der elektrischen Maschine 114 ist in
Die Phasenspannung 121a verläuft bei einem Generator mit Stromabgabe in erster Näherung rechteckförmig. An diesem Signal der Phasenspannung 121a kann eine mittlere Phasenzeit TPhase erfasst werden, wobei diese sich am besten an den steilen Flanken der Phasenspannung 121a ermitteln lässt. Die Phasenzeit TPhase wird durch die Drehzahlschwankung in Form eines für die jeweiligen Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine 112 charakteristischen Drehzahlmusters 128-136 moduliert und bildet die aktuelle Drehzahl ab über die Formel:
Die Drehzahl kann vorzugsweise digital ermittelt werden. Mittels einer Messung der zeitlichen Abstände TPhase der Amplituden in dem Phasensignal 121 der elektrischen Maschine 114, kann, wie bereits beschrieben, die Momentandrehzahl nKW ermittelt werden. Sofern Parameter wie Zylinderzahl, Übertragungsverhältnis und Polpaarzahl der elektrischen Maschine 114 im erfassten Zeitraum bekannt sind, kann der Regler 118 eine feste Anzahl von Drehzahlwerten in einem Speicher, zum Beispiel in einem Schieberegister, (nicht dargestellt) einspeichern und zumindest innerhalb eines Schwingungszyklusses jeweils eine maximale und eine minimale Momentandrehzahl ermitteln. Bei den maximalen und minimalen Momentandrehzahlen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um die Peakdrehzahlen im jeweils erfassten Zeitbereich. Die Differenz zwischen diesen Drehzahlen ist ein Maß für das durch die Brennkraftmaschine 112 abgegebene Drehmoment. Zur genauen Ermittlung von TPhase ist es vorteilhaft, eine hohe zeitliche Auflösung um den Mittelwert von TPhase zu gewährleisten. Hierbei kann für eine bessere Auflösung die Drehzahl auf Basis der ansteigenden und abfallenden Flanken der Phasenspannung 121 a ermittelt werden. Im Speicher können grundsätzlich beliebig viele Drehzahlwerte erfasst werden, wobei jedoch etwa ein ganzer Zyklus einer Schwingung für eine Auswertung erfasst werden sollte.The speed can preferably be determined digitally. As already described, the instantaneous speed n KW can be determined by measuring the time intervals T phase of the amplitudes in the
Um darzustellen, dass die Abtastrate des Generators ausreichend ist, um die Drehzahl 122 und insbesondere die der Drehzahl überlagerten Oszillationen entsprechend aufzulösen, sollen nachfolgend die Verhältnisse der entsprechenden Frequenzen betrachtet und mit dem Nyquist-Kriterium abgeglichen werden. Das Nyquist-Kriterium fordert, dass fel/fmoment >= 2. Bezogen auf die Motordrehzahl ergibt sich die Generatorfrequenz bzw. die Frequenz der elektrischen Maschine mit
In Kombination mit der Gleichung für fmoment ergibt sich
Damit ergibt sich beispielsweise für Üb = 3, PPZ = 6, Zylinderzahl = 4, dass der Quotient fel/fmoment = 9 ist. Selbst bei sehr großen hochzylindrigen Motoren, beispielsweise eines 12-Zylinder-Motors, beträgt das Verhältnis fel/fmoment = 3, wobei auch hier das Nyquist-Abtastkriterium stets erfüllt ist.For example, for Ü = 3, PPZ = 6, number of cylinders = 4, the quotient f el / f moment = 9. Even in the case of very large, high-cylinder engines, for example a 12-cylinder engine, the ratio f el / f moment = 3, the Nyquist scanning criterion also always being met here.
In
In
Darüber hinaus weist der in
In
In
In
In
Auf Basis der charakteristischen Drehzahlmuster 128 bis 136 lassen sich die zuvor beschriebenen Betriebszustände 128a -136a der Brennkraftmaschine 112 sicher erkennen und unterscheiden. Auf Basis der entsprechenden ermittelten Betriebszustände 128a -136a ist die Recheneinheit 118 der elektrischen Maschine 114 derart eingerichtet, dass diese insbesondere im Schubbetrieb 130a und 134a den Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine erhöht, wodurch über die elektrische Maschine ein Bremsmoment bewirkt wird. Die entsprechend auf die elektrische Maschine übertragene kinetische Energie wird in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und ins Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz eingespeist. Dieser Vorgang wird auch als Rekuperation bezeichnet.On the basis of the
Entsprechend wird in Betriebszuständen 128a und 136a, in denen in der Brennkraftmaschine ein Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch gezündet wird und die Brennkraftmaschine 112 infolgedessen Drehmoment abgibt, der Erregerstrom der elektrischen Maschine 114 entsprechend verringert, mitunter bis auf null, so dass das von der Brennkraftmaschine 112 angeforderte Drehmoment nicht durch ein etwaiges Bremsmoment des Generators kompensiert wird. Im Leerlaufbetrieb 132a kann der Erregerstrom je nach Bedarf entsprechend geregelt werden, wobei jedoch stets darauf zu achten ist, dass der Erregerstrom derart eingestellt wird, dass die Laufruhe der Brennkraftmaschine 112 im Leerlauf nicht nennenswert gestört wird.Accordingly, in operating
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Claims (10)
- Method for determining an operating state (128a-136a) of an internal combustion engine (112), comprising the steps of:a) determining a time profile of at least one phase signal (121) of an electrical machine (114) which is coupled to the internal combustion engine (112);b) determining the time profile of a rotation speed (122) of the electrical machine (114) from the phase signal (121) ;c) determining at least one rotation speed pattern (128-136), which is caused by the internal combustion engine (112), from the time profile of the rotation speed (122);d) determining at least one operating state (128a-136a) of the internal combustion engine (112) on the basis of the at least one determined rotation speed pattern (128-136); characterized by the step ofe) regulating the field current (IErr) of the electrical machine (114) on the basis of the respectively determined operating state of the internal combustion engine (112) in such a way that the braking torque of the electrical machine (114) is increased or reduced.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a gradient of the time profile of the mean value of the rotation speed (122) and/or an oscillation which is superimposed on the time profile of the mean value of the rotation speed (122), in particular a period and/or an amplitude of an oscillation, is determined from the rotation speed pattern (128-136).
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the operating state of the internal combustion engine (122) ignition of a fuel/air mixture (128a, 132a, 136a), in particular acceleration (128a) and/or idling (132a) and/or starting of the internal combustion engine (112), and/or non-ignition of a fuel/air mixture, in particular overrun (130a, 134a) and/or stopping of the internal combustion engine (112), is determined.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized by further method steps of e) determining a movement pattern (228-236) of the internal combustion engine (112) by a motion sensor (115b) and f) determining at least one operating state (228a-236a) of the internal combustion engine (112) on the basis of the at least one determined movement pattern (228-236).
- Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the operating state (128a-136a) of the internal combustion engine (112) that is determined from the rotation speed pattern (128-136) is compared with the operating state (228a-236a) of the internal combustion engine (112) that is determined from the movement pattern (228-236) .
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the field current (IErr) is regulated with prespecification of a setpoint voltage (USet) and/or a setpoint current (ISet) of the on-board motor vehicle electrical system (110), or with prespecification of a maximum current output (IMax), wherein the maximum current output (IMax) and/or the maximum field current is preferably parameterized in accordance with operating states of the internal combustion engine (112).
- Computer unit (118), in particular controller (120) for an electrical machine (114), which is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims,
- Electrical machine (114) comprising a computer unit (118) according to Claim 7 and a motion sensor (115b) for determining a movement pattern (228-242).
- Computer program which prompts a computer unit to carry out a method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 6 when it is run on the computer unit (118) according to Claim 7.
- Machine-readable storage medium with a computer program according to Claim 8 stored on it.
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PCT/EP2016/082125 WO2017129330A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2016-12-21 | Determining operating states of an internal combustion engine by means of a generator regulator of an electric machine which is coupled to the internal combustion engine |
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DE102017222856A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining a direction of rotation of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018200521A1 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining a position of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018200526A1 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for detecting a starting mode of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018200527A1 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining a position of an internal combustion engine |
DE102019203592A1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating an arrangement with an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine |
CN110778436B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-10-08 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Control method and control device for starting engine |
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DE102013217968B3 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-01-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Phase locked loop, generator control device and method for driving an electric drive system of a hybrid vehicle |
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2016
- 2016-01-27 DE DE102016201124.3A patent/DE102016201124A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-21 WO PCT/EP2016/082125 patent/WO2017129330A1/en unknown
- 2016-12-21 CN CN201680080067.8A patent/CN108495989A/en active Pending
- 2016-12-21 EP EP16819546.9A patent/EP3408519B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102016201124A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
CN108495989A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
EP3408519A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
WO2017129330A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
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