EP3400435A1 - Device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and/or the density of nox gases in the air - Google Patents

Device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and/or the density of nox gases in the air

Info

Publication number
EP3400435A1
EP3400435A1 EP16791650.1A EP16791650A EP3400435A1 EP 3400435 A1 EP3400435 A1 EP 3400435A1 EP 16791650 A EP16791650 A EP 16791650A EP 3400435 A1 EP3400435 A1 EP 3400435A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
density
sensor
particles
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16791650.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eric Poincelet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Planetwatch24
Poincelet Philippe
Original Assignee
Planetwatch24
Poincelet Philippe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Planetwatch24, Poincelet Philippe filed Critical Planetwatch24
Publication of EP3400435A1 publication Critical patent/EP3400435A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
    • G01N33/0032—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array using two or more different physical functioning modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0037—NOx
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air, in particular for the capture and recording of fine particles and / or the density of gases.
  • NOx in the air especially in a mobile way and in various parts of an urban city.
  • the invention aims to remedy all or part of the identification, traceability and ultimately the resolution of these ailments.
  • a device for capturing and recording fine particles and / or the density of NOx gas in the air characterized in that it comprises at least one particle sensor and / or the density of gases NOx in the air, capable of counting a number of particles or dust present in the air, of dimension comprised between determined values in a volume of air, and / or the density of the NOx gases and a means of display and and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation with a determined measuring point of the sensor, the device being configured to be embedded and operating on board a vehicle (including any mobile support) and in which said sensor can be initialized at certain points of the map, or even calibrated again, with reference to fixed standard sensors.
  • the device may also comprise, as mentioned above, a NOx gas sensor capable of measuring a density of NOx gas in the air and means for displaying and / or recording said density in correlation with a determined location of measurement of the sensor.
  • a NOx gas sensor capable of measuring a density of NOx gas in the air and means for displaying and / or recording said density in correlation with a determined location of measurement of the sensor.
  • Said numbers of particles and density can then, alone or together, be measured, displayed and recorded (on databases) in correlation with a determined location of measurement including a measuring circuit of the vehicle.
  • Said values are in particular less than 2.5 micrometers and correspond to the most deleterious particles for human health.
  • the volume of air considered is the cubic meter. A number of fine particles per cubic meter of air is thus counted.
  • Said display and / or recording means may comprise a simple screen for displaying said number and / or said density, or a device for capturing said number and / or said density, on a recording medium, such as than a printer on paper or a data file.
  • Said display or recording is advantageously carried out on a support corresponding to a geographical map of said determined location of measurement. It is thus possible to determine discontinuously or continuously during the rolling of the vehicle a high-definition mapping of the density of fine particles and / or said density of NOx gas in the air of said place.
  • This information can be transmitted in real time or deferred to at least one database that can be exploited through various applications, particularly relating to the management of the movements and activities of people in the area appreciated for the preservation of their health individually.
  • Said discontinuous manner of determining the capture of particles and / or said density of NOx gases can be established at particular points to be measured of said location, for example sensitive areas of a given geographical area of the place, each point being affected by a measurement of the number of particles and / or the density of the NOx gases, for example the number of fine particles per cubic meter.
  • the measurement can be carried out at a standstill or when the vehicle is rolling.
  • the stop can be delayed according to a determined period to allow the reset or even the recalibration of the sensor at each measuring point, for example by means of a fixed terminal of fine measurement in a stabilized environment, and thus to make reliable the measurement of each point without the sensor being influenced by the measurement air from the previous point.
  • Measuring the particles and / or the density of the NOx gases according to said period is performed on a measurement circuit, from the vehicle, in said location.
  • the bearing can also be operated at a moderate speed in the measuring circuit according to the sensor reset capability, for example less than 30 km / hour allowing the sensor to make a measurement on the fly (on the move) and with a margin acceptable error measuring the air surrounding the vehicle.
  • Resetting or recalibrating the sensor from fixed terminals makes it possible to ensure threshold values and thus to guarantee the values measured with an error margin of less than 0.2 or even up to 0.4 at the maximum.
  • the particle sensor is preferably an optical dust sensor, for example of the type "GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp" designed to detect particles in the air and thus estimate the air quality.
  • a sensor of the detector type of a quantity of light passing through a volume of air, makes it possible to display an instantaneous value of the particles in the said spectrum of determined values, in particular less than 2.5 micrometers.
  • the NOx gas sensor may be an optical sensor measuring a wavelength spectrum corresponding to the gases in the air.
  • Such a sensor can be supplied with energy by an electrical source of the vehicle, or even by a battery recharged from the vehicle.
  • Said sensor is advantageously mounted on the vehicle in a position conducive to the reception, preferably instantaneous, of the air to be measured for capturing the particles and / or said NOx gas density in the air of the point to be measured.
  • the sensor is also configured to minimize the impact of air movement, wind and / or vehicle speed.
  • the (random) movement of air on the sensor can be minimized by equipping it with a periphery protective skirt configured to let the rolling air, for example provided with a grid through which the air passes.
  • the residual air of a given measurement point of the sensor is advantageously evacuated by a device for evacuating the residual air in the sensor, for example a device for blowing neutral air into the sensor, prior to each new measure.
  • a device for evacuating the residual air is mounted on the sensor.
  • the cleaning of the sensor is advantageously carried out ultrasonically.
  • This integrated and regular cleaning of the sensor has made it possible to make accurate and reliable measurements in embedded and mobile mode, which the state of the art did not allow to date, limiting de facto pollution measurements at fixed stations, very insufficient to measure precisely the exposure of individuals, especially at the level of respiration.
  • the sensor may be mounted on a mat of the vehicle, or even a movable arm and telescopic, adjustable in orientation and / or height, in particular for a variable height measurement, for example along a vertical projection line of the measuring point, in order to complete on a moving vertical axis the main measurements made at the breathing level.
  • the measurement can thus be made at several heights for a given point; it can also be performed in an environment of the given point, at a distance close to the point or the vertical point, for example by orienting the mat and the sensor to a given measurement height.
  • non-emitting vehicle particles allows in particular not to influence the measurement unlike a vehicle with a combustion engine. In the latter case, it is to isolate the sensor from the smoke source of the engine, including away from the latter, considering the wind and the movement of the vehicle relative to wind etc.
  • the device is advantageously coupled to a device called GPS (Global Positioning System (GPS) in English) corresponding to a Global Positioning System or Geo-positioning Satellite.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the device can be configured to associate with a GPS location map localized punctual display, including real-time and dynamic density of particles and / or gas at one or more measurement heights.
  • the map is then supplemented punctually with values of the said number of particles and / or the density of the NOx gases.
  • the recording of values can be sequenced at a determined time between two consecutive measurement points, in a given advance of the vehicle corresponding to a given distance traveled so as to obtain a regular punctual display of said particle values and / or the density of the particles. NOx gas on the vehicle circuit.
  • the sensor can also be initialized, or even calibrated again, at certain fixed points of the card, with reference to standardized sensors, for example point and static PM 2.5 particles sensors of certified environmental control organisms but also fixed proprietary sensors installed in addition to the mobile network.
  • the device may comprise a housing preferably mounted on the vehicle dashboard, connected to said GPS device and the sensor, said housing being configured to display and / or record the GPS device data and the sensor data at each measured point. Possibly other data concerning air quality, such as humidity, cloudiness, electromagnetic waves, noise level in decibels etc. can be displayed. and / or registered.
  • the data entry is stored in memory to be recorded subsequently and in particular constitute a dynamic database.
  • the housing may comprise a data display screen, in particular displaying a high-definition geographical map of the measurement location supplemented from said particle number values and / or the density of the NOx gases, which is convenient for monitoring the live image. evolution of measurement in space and time.
  • said device is permanently mounted on the vehicle, for example on the air supply block of the engine or the passenger compartment (secure and non-vandalizable mounting), but it can be quickly removable on the vehicle in a vehicle. compact shape (without mat or measuring arm).
  • Said sensor can be mounted on the windshield (in a discrete position), the roof or the hood of the vehicle, or any other bodywork or external element such as a mirror capable of receiving in good conditions of capture said sensor. .
  • the invention also relates to a method for measuring and displaying and / or recording the particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air by means of at least one particle sensor and / or the density of the gases.
  • NOx in the air capable of counting a number of particles of size between determined values in a volume of air and / or the density of the NOx gases, and by means of a display device and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation at a given location, the assembly being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle (including any mobile support, or even a drone), the method comprising an input of said number and / or density at points of a measuring circuit on board said vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of a device for capturing and recording fine particles in the air, mounted on a vehicle automobile, seen from the passenger compartment of the latter, according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a particle sensor of this device.
  • FIG. 3 shows a device for recording the data of the device, arranged at a distance from the device and a printed geographical map of absolute or relative density of the fine particles in the air in a given geographical zone, obtained by the implementation implementation of the device.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated a device 1 for capturing and recording fine particles in the air according to one embodiment of the invention mounted on a vehicle 2.
  • This device here comprises at least one sensor 3 of particles in the air, capable of counting a number of particles or dust present in the air, preferably an optical sensor, for example of the "Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F" or other type, designed to detect the particles in a volume of air, usually a number of particles of a given dimension or less in a cubic meter of air.
  • an optical sensor for example of the "Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F” or other type, designed to detect the particles in a volume of air, usually a number of particles of a given dimension or less in a cubic meter of air.
  • it makes it possible to display an instantaneous value of the number of particles per cubic meter of air in a spectrum of determined dimension values fixed in the example at 2.5 micrometers and less (PM 2.5).
  • the sensor is here disposed on the windshield 5 of the vehicle, discretely in a corner thereof, being secured thereto by a suitable fastening means, preferably removable, for example by contact jamming.
  • the device may comprise several sensors of this type to provide more precise information on the quality of the air, for example two sensors each arranged at a corner of the windscreen, each operating a capture of particles of different dimensions, in particular 2.5 micrometers and less. and 10 microns and less per cubic meter of air.
  • the device may also comprise, for example in replacement of the aforementioned sensor 10 micrometers and less per cubic meter of air, a sensor as specified before the density of NOx gases in the air.
  • the device also comprises means for displaying and / or recording 7 said number of particles in correlation with a determined measuring point of the sensor, the device being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle, here a motor vehicle.
  • This means comprises in the example a housing 9 mounted on the dashboard 1 of the vehicle, connected to a device 13 "GPS" (Global Positioning System (GPS) in English) and the sensor 3.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the housing is configured to display and / or record GPS device and sensor data at each measured point.
  • the data entry is stored in memory to be subsequently recorded or simultaneously by a transmission means, for example wireless 24, a mobile or integrated telephone support, etc., here by means of an information processing unit.
  • a transmission means for example wireless 24, a mobile or integrated telephone support, etc.
  • an information processing unit such as a laptop 15 shown in Figure 3 and a recording or printing unit, for example a printer 17 connected to the computer.
  • a map 18 of the GPS device data and that of the sensor at each measured point of the measurement circuit 20 is printed on paper.
  • the legends circled on this circuit represent the values of the number of fine particles per cubic meter of air at each measured point.
  • the information collected can also be recorded on a database 16 exploited elsewhere in the form of applications on mobile phone, tablet computer, computer, "GSM", “GPS” etc.
  • the housing 9 here comprises a screen 19 for displaying the data, in particular displaying a geographical map of the measurement location (GPS map) supplemented punctually with said particle number values entered by the sensor, which is convenient for following live the data. evolution of the measure.
  • GPS map geographical map of the measurement location
  • Said discontinuous way of determining the capture of the particles can be established at particular points to be measured of said location, for example sensitive locations of a given geographical area of the site, each point being assigned a measure of the number of particles, for example the number of fine particles per cubic meter.
  • the measurement can be carried out at a standstill or when the vehicle is rolling.
  • the stop can be delayed over a period of time to enable the reset or recalibration of the sensor at each measurement point on a measurement circuit, from the vehicle, in said location.
  • the bearing can also be operated at a moderate speed in the measuring circuit according to the sensor reset capability, for example less than 30 km / hour allowing the sensor to make a measurement on the fly (on the move) and with a margin acceptable error measuring the air surrounding the vehicle.
  • the reset of the sensor makes it possible to ensure the threshold values and thus to guarantee the measured values according to a margin of error lower than 0.20 or even up to 0.40 at the maximum.
  • Said sensor is advantageously mounted on the vehicle in a position conducive to good reception of the air to be measured for capturing the particles (and / or the density of the NOx gases) in the air of the point to be measured.
  • Said sensor is here mounted on the windshield but it can be mounted on an engine air intake block or cockpit, on the roof or the hood of the vehicle or a mat or other arms and accessories attached to the vehicle.
  • the sensor can thus be mounted on a mat of the vehicle, or even a mobile and telescopic arm, adjustable in orientation and / or height, in particular for a variable height measurement, for example according to a vertical projection line of the measuring point.
  • the measurement can thus be made at several heights for a given point; it can also be performed in an environment of the given point, at a distance close to the point or the vertical point, for example by orienting the mat and the sensor to a given measurement height. It is thus possible to determine the density of particles (and / or the density of NOx gas in the case of a gas sensor) at height of stroller, height of the passers-by on the sidewalk, ground floor or floor, or even inside an apartment building.
  • the sensor can also be configured to minimize the impact of the air movement, the wind and / or the speed of the vehicle, for example by equipping it with a periphery protective skirt configured to allow the rolling air to pass. , for example an external grid 21 traversed by the air as shown in FIG.
  • the senor may comprise a device for evacuating the residual air in the sensor, for example a device for blowing neutral air into the sensor (not shown), before each new measurement, which can accelerate the initialization of the sensor.
  • the sensor can be advantageously equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning system that makes its use reliable and durable, thus allowing a new use of the sensor, intensive and mobile base.
  • Said values can still be initialized at certain points of the card, with reference to those corresponding to standardized particle sensors (of precise measurement), for example fixed point sensors arranged on the circuit that complete and control the on-board mobile network.
  • the invention also relates to a method for measuring and displaying and / or recording the particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air by means of at least one particle sensor 3 and / or the density of the particles.
  • NOx gas in the air capable of counting a number of particles of size between determined values in a volume of air and / or the density of the NOx gases, and by means of a device 7, 15, 17 of display and / or recording of said number and / or density in correlation at a given location, the assembly being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle 2, the method comprising an input of said number and / or density at points of a measuring circuit on board said vehicle.
  • the recording of values can be sequenced at a determined duration between two consecutive measurement points, in a given advance of the vehicle corresponding to a given distance traveled so as to obtain a regular point display of said particle values and / or NOx gas density. on the vehicle circuit.
  • Device 1 is activated from the vehicle control panel. he This is to maintain the operation on the preset measurement circuit by following the evolution of the measurement displayed to eventually complete the circuit according to the relevance of the values read.
  • a terminal registration is operated permanently by means of the home computer 15.
  • the invention thus provides a possibility of knowing in real time, or even of predicting over time (on an evolution curve), directly displaying and recording the densities of particles and / or NOx gases in the air of a zone.
  • geographic area including a sensitive polluted urban area.

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Abstract

The invention concerns an on-board device and a mobile method for capturing and recording the fine particles and/or the density of NOx gases in the air for the purpose of dynamically using the gathered data. The device (1) comprises at least one sensor (3) for sensing particles and/or the density of the NOx gases in the air, capable of counting a number of particles or dust particles present in the air, having a dimension ranging between defined values in a volume of air, and a means (7,19) for displaying and/or recording said number and/or density correlated to a determined measurement location of the sensor, the device further being configured to be installed on and to function on a moving vehicle (2) and to be initialised at certain points on the map, or indeed recalibrated, in regular reference to fixed standardised sensors.

Description

Dispositif et procédé de capture et enregistrement des particules fines et/ou densité des gaz NOx dans l'air  Device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and / or density of NOx gases in the air
L'invention concerne un dispositif et procédé de capture et d'enregistrement des particules fines et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, en particulier pour la saisie et l'enregistrement des particules fines et/ou la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, notamment de façon mobile et en divers endroits d'une cité urbaine. The invention relates to a device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air, in particular for the capture and recording of fine particles and / or the density of gases. NOx in the air, especially in a mobile way and in various parts of an urban city.
On sait que les véhicules à moteur thermique et notamment diesel, nombreux dans les cités urbaines, contribuent à polluer fortement ces cités par les rejets gazeux polluants de leur moteur thermique et les poussières émises, notamment les particules fines à très fines, et les poussières issues du freinage et du roulement des véhicules. Ces rejets polluants et poussières nuisent à la santé des personnes qui y sont soumises, notamment les très fines particules de diamètre inférieur à 2,5 micromètres, dites PM2.5, qui rentrent dans l'arbre respiratoire et peuvent même pénétrer le réseau sanguin systémique, participant ainsi à l'installation durable de problèmes de santé péjoratifs, susceptibles de se traduire par des complications cardiovasculaires ou l'apparition de cancers sous différentes expressions.  It is known that the vehicles with thermal engine and especially diesel, numerous in the urban cities, contribute to pollute strongly these cities by the polluting gaseous emissions of their engine and the emitted dusts, in particular the fine particles with very fine, and the dusts result braking and vehicle rolling. These polluting discharges and dusts are detrimental to the health of the people who are subjected to them, in particular very fine particles of diameter less than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, which enter the respiratory tree and can even penetrate the systemic blood network. , thus participating in the durable installation of derogatory health problems, which can lead to cardiovascular complications or the appearance of cancers under different expressions.
II est en particulier utile pour l'individu de connaître le taux de ces particules dans les endroits exposés à une forte densité de particules fines pour moduler ou adapter son activité (déplacements et activité physique en particulier) en fonction de cette densité et préserver ainsi sa santé.  In particular, it is useful for the individual to know the rate of these particles in places exposed to a high density of fine particles to modulate or adapt his activity (particularly movement and physical activity) according to this density and thus preserve its health.
Par ailleurs, pour les personnes aux bronches fragiles (sujets à l'asthme notamment), il est utile de connaître en parallèle des particules les gaz délétères et directement agressifs présents dans l'air, notamment les oxydes d'azote gazeux dits NOx, et particulièrement dans son expression acide nitrique NO3.  Moreover, for people with fragile bronchi (asthma prone in particular), it is useful to know in parallel particles the deleterious and directly aggressive gases present in the air, especially the oxides of nitrogen gas called NOx, and particularly in its nitric acid NO3 expression.
L'invention a pour but de remédier en tout ou partie à l'identification, la traçabilité et in fine la résolution de ces maux.  The invention aims to remedy all or part of the identification, traceability and ultimately the resolution of these ailments.
II est proposé selon l'invention un dispositif de capture et d'enregistrement des particules fines et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, caractéristique en ce qu'il comprend au moins un capteur de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules ou poussières présentes dans l'air, de dimension comprise entre des valeurs déterminées dans un volume d'air, et/ou la densité des gaz NOx et un moyen d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement dudit nombre et/ou densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé de mesure du capteur, le dispositif étant configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule (y compris tout support mobile) et dans lequel ledit capteur peut être initialisé à certains points de la carte, voire de nouveau étalonné, en référence à des capteurs normalisés fixes. It is proposed according to the invention a device for capturing and recording fine particles and / or the density of NOx gas in the air, characterized in that it comprises at least one particle sensor and / or the density of gases NOx in the air, capable of counting a number of particles or dust present in the air, of dimension comprised between determined values in a volume of air, and / or the density of the NOx gases and a means of display and and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation with a determined measuring point of the sensor, the device being configured to be embedded and operating on board a vehicle (including any mobile support) and in which said sensor can be initialized at certain points of the map, or even calibrated again, with reference to fixed standard sensors.
Le dispositif peut également comporter, comme précité, un capteur de gaz NOx apte à mesurer une densité de gaz NOx dans l'air et un moyen d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement de ladite densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé de mesure du capteur.  The device may also comprise, as mentioned above, a NOx gas sensor capable of measuring a density of NOx gas in the air and means for displaying and / or recording said density in correlation with a determined location of measurement of the sensor.
Lesdits nombres de particules et densité peuvent alors, seuls ou ensemble, être mesurés, affichés et enregistrés (sur des bases de données) en corrélation à un lieu déterminé de mesure notamment un circuit de mesure du véhicule.  Said numbers of particles and density can then, alone or together, be measured, displayed and recorded (on databases) in correlation with a determined location of measurement including a measuring circuit of the vehicle.
Lesdites valeurs sont en particulier inférieures à 2,5 micromètres et correspondent aux particules les plus délétères pour la santé des personnes.  Said values are in particular less than 2.5 micrometers and correspond to the most deleterious particles for human health.
Le volume d'air considéré est le mètre cube. On comptabilise ainsi un nombre de particules fines par mètre cube d'air.  The volume of air considered is the cubic meter. A number of fine particles per cubic meter of air is thus counted.
Ledit moyen d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement peut comprendre un simple écran d'affichage dudit nombre et/ou de ladite densité, ou un dispositif de saisie dudit nombre et/ou de ladite densité, sur un support d'enregistrement, tel qu'une imprimante sur du papier ou un fichier de données.  Said display and / or recording means may comprise a simple screen for displaying said number and / or said density, or a device for capturing said number and / or said density, on a recording medium, such as than a printer on paper or a data file.
Ledit affichage ou enregistrement est avantageusement réalisé sur un support correspondant à une carte géographique dudit lieu déterminé de mesure. Il est ainsi possible de déterminer de façon discontinue ou continue lors du roulement du véhicule une cartographie haute définition de la densité des particules fines et/ou de ladite densité des gaz NOx, dans l'air dudit lieu. Cette information peut être transmise en temps réel ou différé à au moins une base de données qui peut être exploitée à travers diverses applications, notamment se rapportant à la gestion des déplacements et activités des personnes dans la zone appréciée en vue de la préservation de leur santé à titre individuel. Ladite façon discontinue de détermination de la capture des particules et/ou de ladite densité des gaz NOx peut être établie à des points particuliers à mesurer dudit lieu, par exemple des endroits sensibles d'une zone géographique donnée du lieu, chaque point étant affecté d'une mesure du nombre de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx, par exemple du nombre de particules fines par mètre cube. Said display or recording is advantageously carried out on a support corresponding to a geographical map of said determined location of measurement. It is thus possible to determine discontinuously or continuously during the rolling of the vehicle a high-definition mapping of the density of fine particles and / or said density of NOx gas in the air of said place. This information can be transmitted in real time or deferred to at least one database that can be exploited through various applications, particularly relating to the management of the movements and activities of people in the area appreciated for the preservation of their health individually. Said discontinuous manner of determining the capture of particles and / or said density of NOx gases can be established at particular points to be measured of said location, for example sensitive areas of a given geographical area of the place, each point being affected by a measurement of the number of particles and / or the density of the NOx gases, for example the number of fine particles per cubic meter.
La mesure peut être effectuée à l'arrêt ou lors du roulement du véhicule. L'arrêt peut être temporisé selon une période déterminée pour permettre la réinitialisation, voire le réétalonnage, du capteur à chaque point de mesure, par exemple au moyen d'une borne fixe de mesure fine en environnement stabilisé, et donc fiabiliser la mesure de chaque point sans que le capteur ne soit influencé par l'air de mesure du point précédent. La mesure des particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx selon ladite période est réalisée sur un circuit de mesure, depuis le véhicule, dans ledit lieu.  The measurement can be carried out at a standstill or when the vehicle is rolling. The stop can be delayed according to a determined period to allow the reset or even the recalibration of the sensor at each measuring point, for example by means of a fixed terminal of fine measurement in a stabilized environment, and thus to make reliable the measurement of each point without the sensor being influenced by the measurement air from the previous point. Measuring the particles and / or the density of the NOx gases according to said period is performed on a measurement circuit, from the vehicle, in said location.
Le roulement peut aussi être opéré à une vitesse modérée dans le circuit de mesure selon la capacité de réinitialisation du capteur, par exemple inférieure à 30 km/heure permettant au capteur d'effectuer une mesure à la volée (en déplacement) et avec une marge acceptable d'erreur de mesure de l'air environnant le véhicule.  The bearing can also be operated at a moderate speed in the measuring circuit according to the sensor reset capability, for example less than 30 km / hour allowing the sensor to make a measurement on the fly (on the move) and with a margin acceptable error measuring the air surrounding the vehicle.
La réinitialisation ou le réétalonnage du capteur à partir de bornes fixes permet de s'assurer des valeurs de seuil et donc de garantir les valeurs mesurées selon une marge d'erreur inférieure à 0,2 voire jusqu'à 0,4 au maximum.  Resetting or recalibrating the sensor from fixed terminals makes it possible to ensure threshold values and thus to guarantee the values measured with an error margin of less than 0.2 or even up to 0.4 at the maximum.
Le capteur de particule est de préférence un capteur optique de poussière, par exemple de type » GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp » conçu pour détecter les particules dans l'air et ainsi estimer la qualité de l'air. Un tel capteur, de type détecteur d'une quantité de lumière traversant un volume d'air, permet d'afficher une valeur instantanée des particules dans ledit spectre de valeurs déterminées, notamment inférieures à 2,5 micromètres.  The particle sensor is preferably an optical dust sensor, for example of the type "GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp" designed to detect particles in the air and thus estimate the air quality. Such a sensor, of the detector type of a quantity of light passing through a volume of air, makes it possible to display an instantaneous value of the particles in the said spectrum of determined values, in particular less than 2.5 micrometers.
Le capteur de gaz NOx peut être un capteur optique mesurant un spectre de longueur d'ondes correspondant aux gaz dans l'air.  The NOx gas sensor may be an optical sensor measuring a wavelength spectrum corresponding to the gases in the air.
Un tel capteur peut être alimenté en énergie par une source électrique du véhicule, voire par une batterie rechargée depuis le véhicule. Ledit capteur est avantageusement monté sur le véhicule dans une position propice à la réception, de préférence instantanée, de l'air à mesurer pour la capture des particules et/ou de ladite densité des gaz NOx dans l'air du point à mesurer. Ledit capteur est également configuré pour minimiser l'impact du mouvement d'air, du vent et/ou de la vitesse du véhicule. Such a sensor can be supplied with energy by an electrical source of the vehicle, or even by a battery recharged from the vehicle. Said sensor is advantageously mounted on the vehicle in a position conducive to the reception, preferably instantaneous, of the air to be measured for capturing the particles and / or said NOx gas density in the air of the point to be measured. The sensor is also configured to minimize the impact of air movement, wind and / or vehicle speed.
Le mouvement (aléatoire) d'air sur le capteur pourra être minimisé en l'équipant d'une jupe protectrice de périphérie configurée pour laisser passer l'air en roulement, par exemple pourvue d'une grille traversée par l'air.  The (random) movement of air on the sensor can be minimized by equipping it with a periphery protective skirt configured to let the rolling air, for example provided with a grid through which the air passes.
En outre, l'air résiduel d'un point de mesure donné du capteur est avantageusement évacué par un dispositif d'évacuation de l'air résiduel dans le capteur, par exemple un dispositif de soufflage d'air neutre dans le capteur, préalablement à chaque nouvelle mesure. Un tel dispositif d'évacuation de l'air résiduel est monté sur le capteur.  In addition, the residual air of a given measurement point of the sensor is advantageously evacuated by a device for evacuating the residual air in the sensor, for example a device for blowing neutral air into the sensor, prior to each new measure. Such a device for evacuating the residual air is mounted on the sensor.
Le nettoyage du capteur est avantageusement réalisé par ultrasons. Ce nettoyage intégré et régulier du capteur a notamment permis de rendre possible les mesures précises et fiables en mode embarqué et mobile, ce que l'état de l'art ne permettait pas à ce jour, limitant de facto les mesures de pollution au stade de stations fixes, très insuffisantes pour mesurer précisément l'exposition des individus notamment à hauteur de respiration.  The cleaning of the sensor is advantageously carried out ultrasonically. This integrated and regular cleaning of the sensor has made it possible to make accurate and reliable measurements in embedded and mobile mode, which the state of the art did not allow to date, limiting de facto pollution measurements at fixed stations, very insufficient to measure precisely the exposure of individuals, especially at the level of respiration.
Le capteur peut être monté sur un mat du véhicule, voire un bras mobile et télescopique, réglable en orientation et/ou en hauteur, notamment permettant une mesure à hauteur variable, par exemple selon une ligne de projection verticale du point de mesure, afin de compléter sur un axe vertical mobile les mesures principales effectuées à hauteur de respiration.  The sensor may be mounted on a mat of the vehicle, or even a movable arm and telescopic, adjustable in orientation and / or height, in particular for a variable height measurement, for example along a vertical projection line of the measuring point, in order to complete on a moving vertical axis the main measurements made at the breathing level.
La mesure peut être ainsi faite à plusieurs hauteurs pour un point donné; elle peut aussi être effectuée dans un environnement du point donné, à une distance proche du point ou de la verticale du point, par exemple en orientant le mat et le capteur à une hauteur donnée de mesure.  The measurement can thus be made at several heights for a given point; it can also be performed in an environment of the given point, at a distance close to the point or the vertical point, for example by orienting the mat and the sensor to a given measurement height.
Il est ainsi possible de déterminer la densité de particules et/ou de gaz à hauteur de poussette, à hauteur de passant sur un trottoir, en rez de chaussée ou en étage sur un immeuble d'habitation, voire même à l'intérieur de l'immeuble. Il est aussi dorénavant possible de déterminer l'origine et l'impact d'une source polluante, par exemple d'une cheminée ou d'une bouche d'évacuation d'air en provenance par exemple de transports en commun souterrains, tels métro ou RER dans son environnement immédiat. It is thus possible to determine the density of particles and / or gas at height of stroller, height of passing on a sidewalk, ground floor or floor on a residential complex, or even inside the building. 'building. It is also now possible to determine the origin and impact of a polluting source, for example a chimney or air outlet from eg underground public transport, such metro or RER in its immediate environment.
Le montage sur un véhicule non émetteur de particules (non polluant, par exemple à moteur électrique) permet notamment de ne pas influencer la mesure contrairement à un véhicule à moteur thermique. Dans ce dernier cas, il s'agit d'isoler le capteur de la source de fumée du moteur, notamment en l'éloignant de cette dernière, en considérant le vent et le mouvement du véhicule relativement au vent etc.  The mounting on a non-emitting vehicle particles (non-polluting, for example electric motor) allows in particular not to influence the measurement unlike a vehicle with a combustion engine. In the latter case, it is to isolate the sensor from the smoke source of the engine, including away from the latter, considering the wind and the movement of the vehicle relative to wind etc.
Le dispositif est avantageusement couplé à un dispositif dit GPS (Global Positioning System (GPS) en anglais) correspondant à un Système de Positionnement Global ou Géo-positionnement par Satellite.  The device is advantageously coupled to a device called GPS (Global Positioning System (GPS) in English) corresponding to a Global Positioning System or Geo-positioning Satellite.
Ainsi le dispositif peut être configuré pour associer à une carte de géolocalisation GPS un affichage ponctuel localisé, notamment en temps réel et dynamique, de la densité des particules et/ou gaz, à une ou plusieurs hauteurs de mesure. La carte est alors complétée ponctuellement des valeurs dudit nombre de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx.  Thus the device can be configured to associate with a GPS location map localized punctual display, including real-time and dynamic density of particles and / or gas at one or more measurement heights. The map is then supplemented punctually with values of the said number of particles and / or the density of the NOx gases.
L'enregistrement de valeurs peut être séquencé à une durée déterminée entre deux points consécutifs de mesure, dans un avancement donné du véhicule correspondant à une distance parcourue donnée de manière à obtenir un affichage ponctuel régulier desdites valeurs de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx sur le circuit du véhicule.  The recording of values can be sequenced at a determined time between two consecutive measurement points, in a given advance of the vehicle corresponding to a given distance traveled so as to obtain a regular punctual display of said particle values and / or the density of the particles. NOx gas on the vehicle circuit.
Le capteur peut en outre être initialisé, voire de nouveau étalonné, à certains points fixes de la carte, en référence à des capteurs normalisés, par exemple des capteurs ponctuels et statiques de particules PM 2.5 d'organismes certifiés de contrôles de l'environnement mais également de capteurs fixes propriétaires installés en complément du réseau mobile.  The sensor can also be initialized, or even calibrated again, at certain fixed points of the card, with reference to standardized sensors, for example point and static PM 2.5 particles sensors of certified environmental control organisms but also fixed proprietary sensors installed in addition to the mobile network.
Le dispositif peut comprendre un boîtier monté de préférence sur le tableau de bord du véhicule, relié audit dispositif GPS et au capteur, ledit boîtier étant configuré pour afficher et/ou enregistrer les données du dispositif GPS et celles du capteur à chaque point mesuré. Eventuellement d'autres données concernant la qualité de l'air, telles que l'humidité, la nébulosité, les ondes électromagnétiques, le niveau de bruit en décibels etc. peuvent être affichées. et/ou enregistrées. The device may comprise a housing preferably mounted on the vehicle dashboard, connected to said GPS device and the sensor, said housing being configured to display and / or record the GPS device data and the sensor data at each measured point. Possibly other data concerning air quality, such as humidity, cloudiness, electromagnetic waves, noise level in decibels etc. can be displayed. and / or registered.
De préférence, la saisie des données est stockée en mémoire pour être enregistrée ensuite et constituer notamment une base de données dynamiques.  Preferably, the data entry is stored in memory to be recorded subsequently and in particular constitute a dynamic database.
Le boîtier peut comprendre un écran d'affichage des données, notamment affichant une carte géographique haute définition du lieu de mesure complétée ponctuellement desdites valeurs de nombre de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx, ce qui est commode pour suivre en direct l'évolution de la mesure dans l'espace et dans le temps.  The housing may comprise a data display screen, in particular displaying a high-definition geographical map of the measurement location supplemented from said particle number values and / or the density of the NOx gases, which is convenient for monitoring the live image. evolution of measurement in space and time.
Avantageusement, ledit dispositif est monté à demeure sur le véhicule, par exemple sur le bloc d'alimentation d'air du moteur ou de l'habitacle (montage sécurisé et non vandalisable) mais il peut être à montage amovible rapide sur le véhicule dans une forme compacte (sans mat ou bras de mesure). Ledit capteur peut être monté sur le pare brise (dans une position discrète), le toit ou le capot du véhicule, voire toute autre place de carrosserie ou d'élément extérieur tel un rétroviseur apte à recevoir dans de bonnes conditions de capture ledit capteur. .  Advantageously, said device is permanently mounted on the vehicle, for example on the air supply block of the engine or the passenger compartment (secure and non-vandalizable mounting), but it can be quickly removable on the vehicle in a vehicle. compact shape (without mat or measuring arm). Said sensor can be mounted on the windshield (in a discrete position), the roof or the hood of the vehicle, or any other bodywork or external element such as a mirror capable of receiving in good conditions of capture said sensor. .
L'invention concerne également un procédé de mesure et d'affichage et/ou enregistrement des particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air au moyen d'au moins un capteur de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules de dimension comprise entre des valeurs déterminées dans un volume d'air et/ou la densité des gaz NOx, et au moyen d'un dispositif d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement dudit nombre et/ou densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé, l'ensemble étant en outre configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule (y compris tout support mobile, voire un drone), le procédé comprenant une saisie dudit nombre et/ou densité en des points d'un circuit de mesure à bord dudit véhicule.  The invention also relates to a method for measuring and displaying and / or recording the particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air by means of at least one particle sensor and / or the density of the gases. NOx in the air, capable of counting a number of particles of size between determined values in a volume of air and / or the density of the NOx gases, and by means of a display device and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation at a given location, the assembly being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle (including any mobile support, or even a drone), the method comprising an input of said number and / or density at points of a measuring circuit on board said vehicle.
Ces caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention et d'autres apparaîtront plus clairement au regard de la description ci après de modes de réalisation de l'invention en référence au dessin ci annexé, sur lequel :  These features and advantages of the invention and others will emerge more clearly from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en élévation schématique d'un dispositif de capture et d'enregistrement des particules fines dans l'air, monté sur un véhicule automobile, vu depuis l'habitacle de ce dernier, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of a device for capturing and recording fine particles in the air, mounted on a vehicle automobile, seen from the passenger compartment of the latter, according to one embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 2 est un vue en élévation schématique d'un capteur de particules de ce dispositif, et  FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a particle sensor of this device, and
- la figure 3 montre un dispositif d'enregistrement des données du dispositif, disposé à distance de celui-ci et une carte géographique imprimée de densité absolue ou relative des particules fines dans l'air dans une zone géographique donnée, obtenue par la mise en œuvre du dispositif.  FIG. 3 shows a device for recording the data of the device, arranged at a distance from the device and a printed geographical map of absolute or relative density of the fine particles in the air in a given geographical zone, obtained by the implementation implementation of the device.
Dans la description qui suit, des références numériques identiques sont utilisées pour désigner des éléments analogues ou identiques.  In the following description, like reference numerals are used to denote similar or identical elements.
Avec référence au dessin, figure 1 , il est illustré un dispositif 1 de capture et d'enregistrement des particules fines dans l'air selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention monté sur un véhicule 2. Ce dispositif comprend ici au moins un capteur 3 de particules dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules ou poussières présentes dans l'air, de préférence un capteur optique, par exemple de type « GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp » ou autre, conçu pour détecter les particules dans un volume d'air, généralement un nombre de particules d'une dimension donnée ou moins dans un mètre cube d'air. Ici, il permet d'afficher une valeur instantanée du nombre des particules par mètre cube d'air dans un spectre de valeurs de dimension déterminées, fixées dans l'exemple à 2,5 micromètres et moins (PM 2.5). Ces particules sont en effet particulièrement délétères pour la santé des personnes, s'infiltrant profondément dans l'arbre respiratoire, voire le réseau sanguin après passage à travers la paroi des alvéoles pulmonaires.  With reference to the drawing, FIG. 1, there is illustrated a device 1 for capturing and recording fine particles in the air according to one embodiment of the invention mounted on a vehicle 2. This device here comprises at least one sensor 3 of particles in the air, capable of counting a number of particles or dust present in the air, preferably an optical sensor, for example of the "Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F" or other type, designed to detect the particles in a volume of air, usually a number of particles of a given dimension or less in a cubic meter of air. Here, it makes it possible to display an instantaneous value of the number of particles per cubic meter of air in a spectrum of determined dimension values fixed in the example at 2.5 micrometers and less (PM 2.5). These particles are indeed particularly deleterious for the health of people, infiltrating deeply into the respiratory tree, or even the blood network after passing through the wall of the pulmonary alveoli.
Le capteur est ici disposé sur le pare brise 5 du véhicule, de façon discrète dans un coin de celui-ci, y étant solidarisé par un moyen de fixation adapté, de préférence amovible, par exemple par grippage de contact.  The sensor is here disposed on the windshield 5 of the vehicle, discretely in a corner thereof, being secured thereto by a suitable fastening means, preferably removable, for example by contact jamming.
Le dispositif peut comporter plusieurs capteurs de ce type pour renseigner plus précisément de la qualité de l'air, par exemple deux capteurs disposés chacun à un coin du pare brise opérant chacun une capture de particules de dimensions distinctes, notamment 2,5 micromètres et moins et 10 micromètres et moins par mètre cube d'air. Le dispositif peut également comporter, par exemple en remplacement du capteur précité de 10 micromètres et moins par mètre cube d'air, un capteur tel que spécifié ci avant de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air. The device may comprise several sensors of this type to provide more precise information on the quality of the air, for example two sensors each arranged at a corner of the windscreen, each operating a capture of particles of different dimensions, in particular 2.5 micrometers and less. and 10 microns and less per cubic meter of air. The device may also comprise, for example in replacement of the aforementioned sensor 10 micrometers and less per cubic meter of air, a sensor as specified before the density of NOx gases in the air.
Le dispositif comporte également un moyen d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement 7 dudit nombre de particules en corrélation à un lieu déterminé de mesure du capteur, le dispositif étant en outre configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule, ici un véhicule automobile. Ce moyen comprend dans l'exemple un boîtier 9 monté sur le tableau de bord 1 du véhicule, relié à un dispositif 13 « GPS » (Global Positioning System (GPS) en anglais) et au capteur 3. Le boîtier est configuré pour afficher et/ou enregistrer les données du dispositif GPS et celles du capteur à chaque point mesuré.  The device also comprises means for displaying and / or recording 7 said number of particles in correlation with a determined measuring point of the sensor, the device being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle, here a motor vehicle. This means comprises in the example a housing 9 mounted on the dashboard 1 of the vehicle, connected to a device 13 "GPS" (Global Positioning System (GPS) in English) and the sensor 3. The housing is configured to display and / or record GPS device and sensor data at each measured point.
De préférence la saisie des données est stockée en mémoire pour être enregistrée ensuite ou simultanément par un moyen de transmission, par exemple hertzien 24, un support de téléphonie mobile ou intégré etc., ici au moyen d'une unité de traitement de l'information tel qu'un ordinateur portable 15 représenté à la figure 3 et une unité d'enregistrement ou impression, par exemple une imprimante 17 reliée à l'ordinateur. Il est imprimé sur papier une carte 18 des données du dispositif GPS et de celles du capteur à chaque point mesuré du circuit 20 de mesure. Les légendes cerclées sur ce circuit représentent les valeurs de nombre de particules fines par mètre cube d'air à chaque point mesuré.  Preferably the data entry is stored in memory to be subsequently recorded or simultaneously by a transmission means, for example wireless 24, a mobile or integrated telephone support, etc., here by means of an information processing unit. such as a laptop 15 shown in Figure 3 and a recording or printing unit, for example a printer 17 connected to the computer. A map 18 of the GPS device data and that of the sensor at each measured point of the measurement circuit 20 is printed on paper. The legends circled on this circuit represent the values of the number of fine particles per cubic meter of air at each measured point.
L'information recueillie peut aussi être enregistrée sur une base de données 16 exploitée par ailleurs sous forme d'applications sur téléphone portable, tablette informatique, ordinateur, « GSM », « GPS » etc.  The information collected can also be recorded on a database 16 exploited elsewhere in the form of applications on mobile phone, tablet computer, computer, "GSM", "GPS" etc.
Le boîtier 9 comprend ici un écran 19 d'affichage des données, affichant notamment une carte géographique du lieu de mesure (carte GPS) complétée ponctuellement desdites valeurs de nombre de particules renseigné par le capteur, ce qui est commode pour suivre en direct l'évolution de la mesure.  The housing 9 here comprises a screen 19 for displaying the data, in particular displaying a geographical map of the measurement location (GPS map) supplemented punctually with said particle number values entered by the sensor, which is convenient for following live the data. evolution of the measure.
Il est ainsi possible de déterminer de façon discontinue ou continue lors du roulement du véhicule une cartographie de la densité des particules fines dans l'air dudit lieu.  It is thus possible to determine discontinuously or continuously during the rolling of the vehicle a map of the density of fine particles in the air of said place.
Ladite façon discontinue de détermination de la capture des particules peut être établie à des points particuliers à mesurer dudit lieu, par exemple des endroits sensibles d'une zone géographique donnée du lieu, chaque point étant affecté d'une mesure du nombre de particules, par exemple du nombre de particules fines par mètre cube. Said discontinuous way of determining the capture of the particles can be established at particular points to be measured of said location, for example sensitive locations of a given geographical area of the site, each point being assigned a measure of the number of particles, for example the number of fine particles per cubic meter.
La mesure peut être effectuée à l'arrêt ou lors du roulement du véhicule. L'arrêt peut être temporisé sur une période déterminée pour permettre la réinitialisation ou le réétalonnage du capteur à chaque point de mesure sur un circuit de mesure, depuis le véhicule, dans ledit lieu.  The measurement can be carried out at a standstill or when the vehicle is rolling. The stop can be delayed over a period of time to enable the reset or recalibration of the sensor at each measurement point on a measurement circuit, from the vehicle, in said location.
Le roulement peut aussi être opéré à une vitesse modérée dans le circuit de mesure selon la capacité de réinitialisation du capteur, par exemple inférieure à 30 km/heure permettant au capteur d'effectuer une mesure à la volée (en déplacement) et avec une marge acceptable d'erreur de mesure de l'air environnant le véhicule.  The bearing can also be operated at a moderate speed in the measuring circuit according to the sensor reset capability, for example less than 30 km / hour allowing the sensor to make a measurement on the fly (on the move) and with a margin acceptable error measuring the air surrounding the vehicle.
La réinitialisation du capteur permet de s'assurer des valeurs de seuil et donc de garantir les valeurs mesurées selon une marge d'erreur inférieure à 0,20 voire jusqu'à 0,40 au maximum.  The reset of the sensor makes it possible to ensure the threshold values and thus to guarantee the measured values according to a margin of error lower than 0.20 or even up to 0.40 at the maximum.
Ledit capteur est avantageusement monté sur le véhicule dans une position propice à une bonne réception de l'air à mesurer pour la capture des particules (et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx) dans l'air du point à mesurer. Ledit capteur est ici monté sur le pare brise mais il peut être monté sur un bloc d'arrivée d'air de moteur ou d'habitacle, sur le toit ou le capot du véhicule ou un mat ou autre bras et accessoires fixés au véhicule.  Said sensor is advantageously mounted on the vehicle in a position conducive to good reception of the air to be measured for capturing the particles (and / or the density of the NOx gases) in the air of the point to be measured. Said sensor is here mounted on the windshield but it can be mounted on an engine air intake block or cockpit, on the roof or the hood of the vehicle or a mat or other arms and accessories attached to the vehicle.
Le capteur peut ainsi être monté sur un mat du véhicule, voire un bras mobile et télescopique, réglable en orientation et/ou en hauteur, notamment permettant une mesure à hauteur variable, par exemple selon une ligne de projection verticale du point de mesure.  The sensor can thus be mounted on a mat of the vehicle, or even a mobile and telescopic arm, adjustable in orientation and / or height, in particular for a variable height measurement, for example according to a vertical projection line of the measuring point.
La mesure peut être ainsi faite à plusieurs hauteurs pour un point donné; elle peut aussi être effectuée dans un environnement du point donné, à une distance proche du point ou de la verticale du point, par exemple en orientant le mat et le capteur à une hauteur donnée de mesure. Il est ainsi possible de déterminer la densité de particules (et/ou la densité des gaz NOx dans le cas d'un capteur gaz) à hauteur de poussette, à hauteur des passants sur le trottoir, en rez de chaussée ou étage, voire à l'intérieur d'un immeuble d'habitation. Le capteur peut également être configuré pour minimiser l'impact du mouvement d'air, du vent et/ou de la vitesse du véhicule, par exemple en l'équipant d'une jupe protectrice de périphérie configurée pour laisser passer l'air en roulement, par exemple une grille externe 21 traversée par l'air telle que représentée à la figure 2. The measurement can thus be made at several heights for a given point; it can also be performed in an environment of the given point, at a distance close to the point or the vertical point, for example by orienting the mat and the sensor to a given measurement height. It is thus possible to determine the density of particles (and / or the density of NOx gas in the case of a gas sensor) at height of stroller, height of the passers-by on the sidewalk, ground floor or floor, or even inside an apartment building. The sensor can also be configured to minimize the impact of the air movement, the wind and / or the speed of the vehicle, for example by equipping it with a periphery protective skirt configured to allow the rolling air to pass. , for example an external grid 21 traversed by the air as shown in FIG.
En outre, le capteur peut comporter un dispositif d'évacuation de l'air résiduel dans le capteur, par exemple un dispositif de soufflage d'air neutre dans le capteur (non représenté), préalablement à chaque nouvelle mesure, ce qui peut accélérer l'initialisation du capteur. Le capteur peut-être avantageusement équipé d'un système de nettoyage à ultrasons qui rend son utilisation fiable et durable, permettant ainsi un nouvel usage du capteur, intensif et sur base mobile.  In addition, the sensor may comprise a device for evacuating the residual air in the sensor, for example a device for blowing neutral air into the sensor (not shown), before each new measurement, which can accelerate the initialization of the sensor. The sensor can be advantageously equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning system that makes its use reliable and durable, thus allowing a new use of the sensor, intensive and mobile base.
Lesdites valeurs peuvent encore être initialisées à certains points de la carte, en référence à celles correspondant à des capteurs de particules normalisés (de mesure précise), par exemple des capteurs fixes ponctuels disposés sur le circuit venant compléter et contrôler le réseau mobile embarqué.  Said values can still be initialized at certain points of the card, with reference to those corresponding to standardized particle sensors (of precise measurement), for example fixed point sensors arranged on the circuit that complete and control the on-board mobile network.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de mesure et d'affichage et/ou enregistrement des particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air au moyen d'au moins un capteur 3 de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules de dimension comprise entre des valeurs déterminées dans un volume d'air et/ou la densité des gaz NOx, et au moyen d'un dispositif 7, 15, 17 d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement dudit nombre et/ou densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé, l'ensemble étant en outre configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule 2, le procédé comprenant une saisie dudit nombre et/ou densité en des points d'un circuit de mesure à bord dudit véhicule.  The invention also relates to a method for measuring and displaying and / or recording the particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air by means of at least one particle sensor 3 and / or the density of the particles. NOx gas in the air, capable of counting a number of particles of size between determined values in a volume of air and / or the density of the NOx gases, and by means of a device 7, 15, 17 of display and / or recording of said number and / or density in correlation at a given location, the assembly being further configured to be embedded and operate on board a vehicle 2, the method comprising an input of said number and / or density at points of a measuring circuit on board said vehicle.
L'enregistrement de valeurs peut être séquencé à une durée déterminée entre deux points consécutifs de mesure, dans un avancement donné du véhicule correspondant à une distance parcourue donnée de manière à obtenir un affichage ponctuel régulier desdites valeurs de particules et/ou densité des gaz NOx sur le circuit du véhicule.  The recording of values can be sequenced at a determined duration between two consecutive measurement points, in a given advance of the vehicle corresponding to a given distance traveled so as to obtain a regular point display of said particle values and / or NOx gas density. on the vehicle circuit.
Le fonctionnement du dispositif est simple et accessible au plus grand nombre. Le dispositif 1 est activé depuis le tableau de commande du véhicule. Il s'agit de maintenir le fonctionnement sur le circuit de mesure préétabli en suivant l'évolution de la mesure affichée pour compléter éventuellement le circuit en fonction de la pertinence des valeurs lues. Un enregistrement terminal est opéré à demeure au moyen de l'ordinateur domestique 15. The operation of the device is simple and accessible to the greatest number. Device 1 is activated from the vehicle control panel. he This is to maintain the operation on the preset measurement circuit by following the evolution of the measurement displayed to eventually complete the circuit according to the relevance of the values read. A terminal registration is operated permanently by means of the home computer 15.
De multiples variantes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être envisagées en mettant en œuvre les diverses caractéristiques énoncées précédemment, seules ou en combinaison.  Multiple alternative embodiments of the invention may be envisaged by implementing the various features set out above, alone or in combination.
L'invention apporte ainsi une possibilité de connaître en temps réel, voire de prévoir dans le temps (sur une courbe d'évolution), afficher en direct et enregistrer les densités de particules et/ou gaz NOx dans l'air d'une zone géographique donnée, notamment une zone urbaine polluée sensible.  The invention thus provides a possibility of knowing in real time, or even of predicting over time (on an evolution curve), directly displaying and recording the densities of particles and / or NOx gases in the air of a zone. geographic area, including a sensitive polluted urban area.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif (1 ) de capture et d'enregistrement des particules fines et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un capteur (3) de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules bu poussières présentes dans l'air, de dimension comprise entre des valeurs déterminées dans un volume d'air, et/ou la densité des gaz NOx, et un moyen (7,9,15,17,19) d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement dudit nombre et/ou densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé de mesure du capteur, le dispositif étant configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule (2) en mouvement, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) peut être initialisé à certains points de la carte, voire de nouveau étalonné, en référence à des capteurs normalisés. 1. Device (1) for capturing and recording fine particles and / or the density of NOx gases in the air, characterized in that it comprises at least one particle sensor (3) and / or the the density of the NOx gases in the air, capable of counting a number of dust particles present in the air, of dimension comprised between determined values in a volume of air, and / or the density of the NOx gases, and a means of (7,9,15,17,19) for displaying and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation with a determined measuring point of the sensor, the device being configured to be on board and operate on board a vehicle (2) in motion, wherein said sensor (3) can be initialized at certain points of the card, or even calibrated again, with reference to standardized sensors.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel ledit moyen d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement comprend un écran (19) d'affichage dudit nombre et/ou densité ou un dispositif de saisie (15,17) dudit nombre et/ou densité sur un support (18) d'enregistrement. 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein said display and / or recording means comprises a screen (19) for displaying said number and / or density or an input device (15, 17) of said number and / or or density on a recording medium (18).
3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) est un capteur optique de poussière, par exemple de type « GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp », conçu pour détecter et compter les particules de l'air. 3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor (3) is an optical dust sensor, for example of the type "Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F", designed to detect and count the particles of air.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) est monté sur le véhicule (2) dans une position propice à la réception de l'air à mesurer pour la capture des particules et/ou densité des gaz NOx dans l'air du point à mesurer, étant configuré pour minimiser l'impact du mouvement d'air, du vent et/ou de la vitesse du véhicule. 4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor (3) is mounted on the vehicle (2) in a position conducive to receiving the air to be measured for the capture of the particles and / or density of the particles. NOx gas in the air of the point to be measured, being configured to minimize the impact of air movement, wind and / or vehicle speed.
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) est équipé d'une jupe protectrice (21) de périphérie configurée pour laisser passer l'air en roulement, par exemple pourvue d'une grille traversée par l'air. 5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor (3) is equipped with a protective skirt (21) configured periphery to allow the air to flow through, for example provided with a grid through which the air passes.
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un dispositif d'évacuation de l'air résiduel dans le capteur (3), par exemple un dispositif de soufflage d'air neutre dans le capteur, préalablement à chaque nouvelle mesure, et un dispositif de nettoyage du capteur par exemple à ultrasons 6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a residual air evacuation device in the sensor (3), for example a device for blowing neutral air into the sensor, prior to each new measurement, and a sensor cleaning device for example ultrasonic
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) peut être monté sur un mat du véhicule, voire un bras mobile et télescopique, réglable en orientation et/ou en hauteur. 7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor (3) can be mounted on a mat of the vehicle, or even a mobile arm and telescopic, adjustable in orientation and / or height.
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, étant couplé à un dispositif (13) dit GPS (Global Positioning System (GPS)) pour associer à une carte de géolocalisation GPS un affichage ponctuel localisé de la densité des particules ou des gaz oxydes d'azote. 8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, being coupled to a device (13) said GPS (Global Positioning System (GPS)) for associating with a GPS location map localized spot display of the density of particles or gases nitrogen oxides.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit capteur (3) peut être monté sur un bloc d'arrivée d'air de moteur ou d'habitacle, sur le toit ou le capot du véhicule ou un mat ou autre bras et accessoires fixés au véhicule. 9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor (3) can be mounted on an engine air intake block or cockpit, on the roof or hood of the vehicle or a mat or other arms and accessories attached to the vehicle.
10. Procédé de mesure et d'affichage et/ou enregistrement des particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air au moyen d'au moins un capteur (3) de particules et/ou de la densité des gaz NOx dans l'air, apte à dénombrer un nombre de particules de dimension comprise entre des valeurs déterminées dans un volume d'air et/ou la densité des gaz NOx, et au moyen d'un dispositif (7,9,15,17,19) d'affichage et/ou d'enregistrement dudit nombre et/ou densité en corrélation à un lieu déterminé, l'ensemble étant en outre configuré pour être embarqué et fonctionner à bord d'un véhicule (2), le procédé comprenant une saisie dudit nombre et/ou densité en des points d'un circuit (20) de mesure à bord dudit véhicule. 10. A method for measuring and displaying and / or recording the particles and / or the density of the NOx gases in the air by means of at least one particle sensor (3) and / or the NOx gas density in the air, capable of counting a number of particles of dimension comprised between determined values in a volume of air and / or the density of the NOx gases, and by means of a device (7, 9, 15, 17, 19) for displaying and / or recording said number and / or density in correlation at a given location, the assembly being further configured to be on board and operate on board a vehicle (2), the method comprising a entering said number and / or density at points of a measuring circuit (20) on board said vehicle.
EP16791650.1A 2015-10-16 2016-10-14 Device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and/or the density of nox gases in the air Pending EP3400435A1 (en)

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PCT/FR2016/000166 WO2017064376A1 (en) 2015-10-16 2016-10-14 Device and method for capturing and recording fine particles and/or the density of nox gases in the air

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JP2018537691A (en) 2018-12-20
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FR3042597B1 (en) 2021-03-19
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