EP3396303B1 - System for triggering an avalanche - Google Patents
System for triggering an avalanche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3396303B1 EP3396303B1 EP17168097.8A EP17168097A EP3396303B1 EP 3396303 B1 EP3396303 B1 EP 3396303B1 EP 17168097 A EP17168097 A EP 17168097A EP 3396303 B1 EP3396303 B1 EP 3396303B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- detonator
- cord
- explosive charge
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for triggering avalanches with a large number of explosive charges and, via an explosive charge provided for this purpose, with a body containing an explosive, with at least one detonator capsule, which is connected to a detonator, the detonator being connected to a pulling element via a trigger cord . Furthermore, an avalanche mast that can be used particularly advantageously with this system is specified.
- the CH 708 911 A2 describes an explosive device that is only effective when used for triggering an avalanche.
- a system for triggering an avalanche according to the CH 692 798 referred this system is attributed to a higher handling effort because a finished explosive device is used.
- a device for triggering an avalanche and a throwing charge used for it are known, which can reliably detect different target areas, regardless of weather conditions.
- a tube is used which is closed on one side and in which a propellant charge is arranged, by means of which an explosive charge can be conveyed from the tube into the avalanche slope.
- An ignition cord is also provided, which ends in a detonator arranged in the explosive charge. The ignition mechanism is connected to the detonating cord via a triggering pull element.
- the invention is based on the object of improving an apparatus and method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that such systems for triggering an avalanche can be set up and used in the simplest possible manner.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an explosive charge with a solid explosive, which is assembled into a functioning explosive device only on site, so that the transport of the explosive charge and / or the system itself can be carried out with lower safety requirements.
- Another object of the invention is to provide the device for storing the explosive charges on so-called avalanche masts in a form that is as easy to maintain and equip as possible, in particular when feeding them to these avalanche masts, which requires a helicopter transport of the charges.
- An explosive charge is provided with a body containing explosives and with at least one detonator capsule which is connected to a detonator.
- the detonator is connected to a pulling element via a release cord.
- a mechanical activation element is connected to the tension element via an activation cord.
- the detonator in a standby position, is spatially separated from an explosive cord leading to the explosive, and in a release position, this detonator has been moved relative to the explosive by the mechanical activating element moved over the activating cord which is also a transport position, a safe way of storage. Activation only takes place when the cargo is dropped.
- a system for triggering avalanches has a plurality of explosive charges mentioned above, which comprises a housing with a shaft magazine arranged therein with a horizontal axis of rotation.
- the shaft magazine has dividing walls in order to divide the shaft magazine into a large number of explosive charge stocks.
- the system has a discharge unit below an opening in the explosive charge guide surrounding the shaft magazine with a discharge profile separating the explosive charges.
- the partitions can divide the shaft magazine into four radial explosive charge stores and at least two obliquely linear explosive charge stores arranged therebetween. Optional are inclined linear between these Explosive charge stocks are still provided for individual tangential explosive charge stocks.
- Such a system advantageously has actuators for remote operation, on the one hand to rotate the shaft magazine, to load the discharge shaft and on the other hand to rotate the discharge profile for the discharge of a load.
- Two steps are provided for the discharge of a load, on the one hand to drop the explosive charge itself and on the other hand to remove the tension element from the discharge shaft.
- communication means are then provided in order to control the actuators from a distance
- sensors optionally being provided in order to detect the presence of explosive charges at individual storage positions of the shaft magazine, the sensors being connected to the communication means for forwarding the sensor information.
- the side walls and / or ceiling walls, in particular sloping ceiling walls, of the housing can be covered with photovoltaic modules, with which the actuators, communication means and optional sensors can be supplied with energy and any accumulators can be charged.
- the housing is tapered downwards and that the housing in the upper area has at least one landing support that projects beyond the housing. Furthermore, the housing then advantageously has at least one sliding and insertion profile on the outer edges. Finally, a suspension device, in particular an opening for a cargo hook, is then provided in the upper region of the housing.
- This system can be used particularly advantageously with a mast that is set up above areas in which avalanche slopes have to be blown up.
- the mast then has a ring, the inside diameter of which is larger than the housing diameter of the system and the inside diameter of which is smaller than the landing supports projecting beyond the housing.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a system for storing and storing and dropping explosive charges according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a ring 1 is shown which is rigidly attached to the avalanche mast (which is not shown in the figure).
- the system 10 comprises a frame 12 with a magazine body 13, the dimensions of which fit through the ring 1, in particular can be inserted into the ring 1 from above.
- a frame, not shown here, is preferably provided on the frame 12, with which the system 10 can be attached to a helicopter as a load.
- the side surfaces 16 and optionally the sloping upper roof surfaces of the magazine body 13 can advantageously be covered with solar cells in order to absorb energy during the day, in order to store this in a battery of the system (not shown) for actuating the system 10 save.
- These elements can be provided in the system 10 itself and / or via cables on the avalanche mast.
- the magazine body 13 has storage profiles 17, between which the Fig. 1 ejector system 18 not visible.
- the Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the system according to Figure 1 from diagonally below. Identical features are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures. From the Fig. 1 it can be clearly seen that the system tapers trapezoidally downwards with the bent profiles 15. Between the horizontally aligned support profiles 17 is the ejection system 18, which in the Fig. 2 Version shown has two abutting cover plates 19, which close off an approximately semi-cylindrical space to protect against adverse weather conditions. These two cover plates 19 are rotatably suspended about an axis 39 and open for the release of an explosive charge 30, which then falls down between the axes 19 and closed opposite the side walls 21, in order then to explode in a controlled manner in the avalanche area located under the system.
- Reference number 30 denotes a generic explosive charge, which depends on Position in the system has also received other reference numerals, especially in the detailed description of explosive charges according to the Fig. 7 and 9 to 11 .
- the Fig. 3 shows another perspective view from the side of the system Fig. 1 , wherein the side wall 21 and some other side elements have been removed in order to have a clear view of the shaft magazine 20.
- the shaft magazine 20 has a horizontal central axis 22 which is arranged between the side walls 21.
- a maximum of thirty-two explosive charges 30 are arranged around the central axis 22; in particular the intermediate charges 21 'supporting the explosive charges 30 can be provided.
- the explosive charges 30 are located in a segmented chute magazine supply which, for every 90 ° of the drum 20 of the system, contains a straight-line explosive charge 23, consisting of three radially arranged explosive charges 30, two obliquely radially provided explosive charge stocks 24, each with two obliquely radially successive explosive charges 30, and one outer individual tangential explosive charge 25 exists.
- a 33rd explosive charge 26 is shown here in the discharge chute itself, which is found below the chute magazine 20, for the purpose of illustration.
- the shaft magazine 20 has a plurality of separating plates 28 for dividing the 32 explosive charges, which mostly run radially, partly transversely or tangentially, in order to separate the above-mentioned explosive charge supply parts 23, 24, 25.
- the Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of the Fig. 3 , in which the ring 1 from the avalanche mast is still shown to visualize the orientation, but otherwise only the Explosive charges 30 are shown in the individual segments 23, 24, 25 and the separating plates 28, which each separate a section of these explosive charge stocks from one another in order to clearly show the arrangement of the explosive charges in the shaft magazine 20.
- the device has four explosive charge stocks 23, each with three explosive charges, eight explosive charge stock parts 24, each with two explosive charges, and four tangential explosive charge stocks 25, each with a single explosive charge.
- An explosive charge 26, which is already in the chute, is in the Figure 4 also shown.
- the sheets 28 can be solid sheets or perforated sheets which are exclusively attached to the central axis 22.
- Figs. 5a to 5e show in a schematic side view the subject of one of the Figs. 1 to 4 similar system in the sequence of triggering the system.
- Fig. 5a shows the basic position, here a simpler shaft magazine 20 of the system is assumed, the four throwing supply parts 23 each having only two explosive charges.
- the two possible further explosive charge stocks 25 in the space between the radial throwing stock parts 23 are not shown in each case.
- This smaller shaft magazine 20 thus holds sixteen explosive charges.
- the side plates 28 ensure that only the lowest explosive charge 23 'is present above the opening 31 in the intermediate side wall 21' and is present on the discharge profile 32.
- the discharge profile 32 can in particular consist of two, three or more transverse profiles arranged in the longitudinal direction of the explosive charge 23 ', which have an outer circular edge which has a larger diameter than the diameter of the explosive charge 23'.
- this profile has on one side a radial recess 33 which has a diameter in depth which allows the radial absorption of the explosive charge 23 'with play.
- this discharge profile 32 is shown open to the right, so that the explosive charge 23 'above it lies on the outer edge of the profile.
- the side intermediate wall 21 'of the system 10 has a drop hole 35 in the lower region which has a transverse dimension which is larger than the diameter of the explosive charge.
- the sequence of the ejection profiles 32 which can be connected to one another in particular by longitudinal rods, is rotated counterclockwise here in order to rotate the opening 33 under the opening 31 in the intermediate profile wall 21 ', so that the lower explosive charge from the shaft magazine comprising two explosive charges 23 'slides down between the separating plates 28 and falls into the recess 33.
- the depth of the recess 33 is chosen such that the remaining explosive charge from the explosive charge supply 23 continues to remain in the shaft magazine 20, if then according to Fig. 5c the throwing profile 32 is further rotated counterclockwise.
- the shaft magazine 20 is rotated about the axis 22 in such a way that an explosive charge supply 23 is located vertically above the throwing profile 32, this being ensured by the common axis 36, which is a vertical axis which is simultaneously through the Rotation axes from the shaft magazine 20 and discharge profile 32 goes.
- the opening 33 of the discharge profile 32 is arranged opposite the opening 35 in the intermediate profile wall 21 ', so that the explosive charge can fall out of the holder of the discharge profile 32 without mechanical impact, solely by its own weight.
- the manner of triggering is described in later figures.
- the Fig. 5d then shows the explosive charge with the explosive charge part 40 and the holding and tear line 41, which is attached to a pulling element 42 at the opposite end.
- the explosive charge part 40 together with the pull element 42 together with the tear line 41 form the explosive charge.
- the tension element 42 is originally connected to the explosive charge, which then breaks loose and in the position of the Fig. 5e leads to a dropping of the tension element 42.
- the Fig. 6 shows an enlarged perspective, partially laterally sectioned view of the ejection system 18 with some elements of the shaft magazine 20 such as neighboring explosive charges 24.
- the two cover plates 19 are shown, which are closed here and can be rotated about lateral axes 39.
- the Fig. 7 shows a schematic sectional side view of an embodiment of an explosive charge 30 as in a system according to the Fig. 1 respectively 5A to 5E Can be used, the release cables are not shown.
- the explosive charge 50 comprises a cylindrical tube 51 which is designed as a hollow cylinder. In particular, it has two service openings in the longitudinal direction; the middle service opening 52 is the service opening for assembly and the second service opening is the service opening 53 for defusing.
- the service openings 52 and 53 are arranged one behind the other on the cylinder jacket, wherein they are assigned to an explosive rod 90, which can be moved longitudinally parallel to the housing body 51 of the explosive charge 50 in a hollow cylinder as a guide housing 91. Centered between the two cylindrical guide housings 91 for the explosive rods 90 is explosive 60, which can be cylindrical in particular, but can also fill the remaining volumes of the housing body 51.
- the guide housing 91 can in particular be made of cardboard, so that it can be cut open through the service openings 52 and 53, around the corresponding elements such as the detonator capsule, the detonator and, if appropriate, the igniter cord Openings can be pulled out.
- a bottom cap 70 is placed on the underside of the explosive charge 60 and protrudes on the insertion shoulder 74 into the hollow jacket body of the housing body 51. Indentations are provided internally to receive the two lateral guide housings 91. In extension of the guide housing 91, bushings 71 are provided, into which parts of the explosive rod 90 are inserted during operation. Below this first part of the bottom cap 70, two semi-cylindrical cavities 72 are provided, which are separated from one another by a vertical partition. Thus, one detonator 94 can then be placed in the cavity 72 on the safety firing cord 93 and, if triggered, would only have an effect on the base cap and in particular only on its own cavity 72. The cavities 72 of the bottom cap 70 are closed by a bottom cover 73. This bottom cover 73 is in particular non-releasably connected to the bottom cap.
- a pulling element cap 80 is provided, which protrudes from the mounting shoulder 85 into the interior of the housing body 51. In doing so, it abuts an insert 89 which is pulled up inside the housing body 51 to the lower edge of the pulling element cap 80 and has a, in particular loose, intermediate floor 88 which divides the cavity formed thereby into a front cavity 86 and a rear cavity 87.
- the front cavity 88 is connected to the head 81 of the tension element cap 80 via a U-shaped cable duct 82.
- the head has a constriction 83 in order to then widen flange-wise into a cap flange 81.
- There is thus a flange shoulder 84 with which in particular a release element for the tension element 80 from the explosive charge 50 can be connected.
- the Fig. 7 shows the two explosive rods 90 in a different arrangement for illustration.
- the lower illustration of the explosive rod 90 with the approximately central arrangement of the head 92 is the secured position in which the ignition cord 93 with the detonator cap 94 placed thereon protrudes through the passage 71 into the cavity 72, so that even when triggered in this state, the Explosive 60 is not detonated. This is how the explosive charge 50 is handled during transport and storage.
- the openings 52 and 53 are provided diametrically on both sides of the housing 51 in order to be able to remove the head 92 and the detonating cord 93 as well as the detonator 94 from the outside through the cardboard cylinder as the housing 91.
- the Fig. 8 shows a perspective schematic view of the explosive rod 90, the greatest length of which is predetermined by the safety ignition cord 93.
- the detonator capsule 94 is pressed onto this safety ignition cord 93 so that it is not separated from the ignition cord 93 by vibrations or jerky movements.
- the detonator is gagged and must be cut off from the fuse.
- the detonator and detonating cord system in element 95 of the detonator can be dismantled, i.e. by unscrewing the element 95, the primer cord is released and the detonator can be removed together with the primer cord from the system. This also creates the possibility of simply disarming the explosive charge.
- the ignition cord 93 itself protrudes into the percussion fuse 95, which makes up the inner body of the head 92.
- a guide piston 97 is arranged around the percussion fuse 95, around which the holding cord 96 is guided.
- the holding cord 96 is guided inward through two laterally opposite openings in the guide piston 97 and is secured against being pulled out by the formation of knots 98.
- the detonator has a small pin in the center that protrudes and has a hole in it.
- the holding cord 96 is looped through this bore in the front region and connected to the blow igniter 95, the ignition cord 93 being ignited by tearing the pin in the blow igniter head. This works with the explosive charge 50 after Fig. 7 is now also in connection with the explosive charge Fig. 9 described in more detail.
- the Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of an explosive charge 50 with the same reference numerals, with some reference numerals compared to FIG Fig. 7 have been omitted and others have been added, which are also included in the Fig. 7 could be used.
- the storage position of the explosive rod 90 below and the triggered position of the explosive rod 90 above are shown for illustrative purposes, in which case the cover 80 would of course no longer rest on the tube 51.
- Figs. 7 and 9 The difference between the Figs. 7 and 9 lies in the fact that the trigger cords 101 and the corresponding supply loops 102 and 103, which are essential for the triggering, are shown in the drawing, the front supply loop 103 being connected to the cable loop 104 which extends through the opening 82.
- the lower part of the Fig. 9 shows the detonating rod 90 in the secured position, the detonator 94 just protruding into the cavity 72.
- the tip of the percussion fuse is connected to the trigger cord 101, which is also connected to the retaining cord 96.
- the trigger cord 101 is passed through the upper open end of the guide housing 91 into the rear cavity 87, in which there is a predetermined length of rope, which is then via a single rope connection through a corresponding opening in the intermediate wall 88 with the supply loop 103 into the front cavity 86 is performed and there passes into the loop 104.
- the tension element and its cap 80 are separated from the hollow housing 51 of the explosive charge 50, the stored supply loop volume 102 is unwound, since the tension element cap 80 according to FIG Fig. 5 separates from the explosive charge 51 and triggers at the appropriate distance, predetermined by the length of the loops 102 and 103.
- the intermediate plate 88 in particular a foam rubber plate, is pulled out of the body of the explosive charge, since it is only intended to prevent the two separate cable lengths 102 and 103 from getting tangled.
- the explosive stick 90 remains in a place shown below Fig. 9 and does not slip into the top of the Fig. 9 position shown, because the outer diameter of the head 92 is sufficiently large to have in the slightly smaller inner diameter Tube 91 to be easily clamped.
- the detonator 94 is arranged in the cavity 72 and thus at a distance from the explosive 60. It can also be removed from the bottom cap 70 by removing the bottom 73. Tubes 51 and 91 as well as the bottom cap 70 can be made of cardboard.
- the 10a and 10b show an alternative embodiment of the explosive charge similar to the Figures 7 and 9 in two different schematic side views, rotated by 90 ° to each other.
- Fig. 10a are the two guide tubes 91 as in Fig. 7 and 9 to recognize.
- a U-shaped detonating cord 110 is connected to the guide housing 91 by clips 114.
- recesses can also be provided in the guide housing 91 between the clips, so that the detonating cord 110 is arranged closer to the detonator capsule 94 inside the guide housing 91.
- the guide housing 91 preferably has openings or a slot in which the detonating cord is arranged closer to the detonating cord 93 and detonator capsule 94 and in particular only via a short airway.
- the detonating cord 110 When one or the other detonator 94 is triggered, the detonating cord 110 is triggered and is capable, in particular, of going up to the explosive cylinder via the connections 112 and to the other side of the explosive 60 via the upper connection 111, in order to ensure reliable triggering on both sides of the To ensure explosives 60.
- This is in the second side view of the Fig. 10b can be clearly seen, a detonating cord section 113 being guided in the vicinity of the detonating capsule via an ascending detonating cord ramp 112 to the upper connection of the detonating cord 111.
- Figs. 10a and 10b show the explosive charge 50 without the housing 51, so that the insertion shoulder 74 and the bottom cover 73 can be clearly seen in relation to the bottom cap 70.
- the cover for the cylinder jacket 121 projects into the upper section of the housing 51 on the mounting shoulder 85.
- the Figs. 11A and 11B show a schematic side view of another embodiment of an explosive charge 250, in which the explosive 60 on one side in the Housing body 51 'is arranged.
- the bottom 73 is only provided for closing the sleeve 51 '. It thus remains between a crescent-shaped cavity around the explosive 60 up to a section of the explosive stick remaining in the cross-section of a circular segment and the further features provided for triggering.
- the detonating cord 131 is supported by a sleeve 137, which ends in a displaceable slide 136, with which the sleeve is firmly connected.
- An adhesive tape 133 can be used to securely connect the detonating cord 131 to the sleeve 137 and thus to the slider 136. It is also possible to achieve this clip connecting sleeve 137 and detonating cord 131.
- An upper housing jacket 150 is provided between the bottom cap 73 of the device and the triggering device, in which the detonator 139, the ignition cord loops 138 and the detonator capsule 134 are provided.
- the ignition cord is guided in its loops 138 in a volume 142 above the explosive 60, a central cylinder of the inner cover body 141 being provided, which is closed off by the holding plate 151 for the detonator 139.
- the traction element cap 80 has the loop 104 through the bottom of the cap 80, on which there are, for example, two lengths of pull cords, which are ultimately all connected to the detonator 139 via the release cord 106 and to the slider 136 via the activation cord 107.
- the operating states are shown as follows.
- the cylinder body 51 is filled with the explosive 60, the detonating cord 131 is inserted, connected to the sleeve 137 and thus fastened to the slide 136.
- the detonator 134 and the detonator 139 are inserted and connected.
- the cords 106 and 107 are connected to detonator 134 and detonator 139.
- the slider 136 is already in the position of Figure 11B arranged.
- the slide advantageously has a small thickening, which means a displacement in the longitudinal direction of the slider safely prevented. Due to the cord, which is looped through the two holes at the right end of the slider, the slider can no longer move to the left and the position of the slider is secured in a further direction of displacement.
- the detonating cord 131 has play and forms a loop 132 in the free space 143 next to the explosive 60 or is otherwise in the free space 143.
- By the slider 136 in the position of the Figure 11B is a distance 145 between the upper end of the detonating cord 131 and the lower end of the detonator 134, which better in the Figures 12A and 12B can be seen.
- FIGs 12A and 12B show a cross-sectional view of FIG 11A and 11B on lines XXIIA and XXIIB. It can be seen that in the Figure 12A the slide 136 surrounds the inserted detonating cord from both sides. Retaining clips for the detonators 134 are not shown.
- the explosive charge 250 falls out of the dropping system 18, while the cover is still retained in the dropping system 18 by a backdrop.
- a certain predetermined drop height which is determined by the length of the cords 102
- the somewhat shorter cord 106 releases the Scriber 139 off, while the somewhat longer cord 107 is firmly connected to the slider 136 to move it out of its position Figure 11B back to the stop position of the Figure 11A to move.
- the stop 146 under the wall 153 can serve for this, against which a flange of the slide 136 abuts.
- the detonating cord 131 again comes next to the detonating capsules 134 as in FIG Figure 12A is shown and after the waiting time predetermined by the ignition cord 138, the detonating cord 131 is ignited, which causes the explosive 60 of the explosive charge 250 to explode.
- the Fig. 13 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example (not according to the invention of an explosive charge 350 with a special release head 180 after the assembly of these originally separately transported elements 280 and 180, the side wall 189 of the explosive charge upper part 185 only in FIG Fig. 14 is shown, which is an enlarged schematic view of the trigger head 180 Fig. 13 shows.
- the explosive charge part 280 in the rear space of the explosive charge body 51 is filled with explosive 60 here, so that in particular the maintenance openings and defusing openings can be dispensed with. It is essential that the cast explosive has at least one, here two, recesses 61 in the center into which one or two detonators 181 can be inserted. In the use position, they therefore protrude at least in the central area from the lower part of the upper part 185 of the explosive charge and into the explosive 60.
- the trigger head 180 which is transported separately from the explosive charge part 280, is pushed into the explosive charge part 280 in the longitudinal direction, the body of the trigger head 180 having locking edges 186 which interact with complementary elements 59 of an inner insert 58 in the tube for locking.
- the side wall 189 of the explosive charge upper part 185 extends as far as the attached cap 80.
- the possible area of a predetermined breaking point is drawn in with the reference number 190, which extends around the circumference from the outer wall of the housing body 51 and the side wall 189, preferably at its upper end, around this outer wall, so that the cap 80 can remain in the ejection chute as a pulling element , while the explosive charge with the lower part and thus with the units used in the housing body 51 can fall out of the chute.
- a supply spool 103 is in turn connected to each of these detonators 183, which is guided in the cable loop 104 through the flange-like end of the cap 180. Then, when the upper area of the trigger head 180 separates from the tube 51, in particular due to a weakening of material at a predetermined breaking point 190, the supply loop 103 is rolled out and tensioned and, at the moment of tension, releases the detonators 183 to ignite the ignition cord 182, which then in particular detonates the explosive device 60 itself via the detonators 181.
- an additional holding cord 108 is provided, which leads the detonator retaining plate 184 in a loop through corresponding openings 109 and also ensures here again that the explosive charge is held under an avalanche mast at the depth specified by the length of the holding cord 108 before it explodes, since the storage cords 103 are again somewhat shorter than the holding cord 108.
- the separate transport security is achieved in that the housing unit 280 with explosives and detonating cord is transported in the housing, for example in the shaft magazine, in front of which a securing device, advantageously one, covers all openings steel plate provided continuously in front of it is arranged.
- this is embedded in a guide which allows this steel plate to be pulled out transversely to the longitudinal direction from the trigger head 180 and explosive charge part 280 arranged on both sides.
- a corresponding number of activation heads are then arranged in front of this steel plate, which an operator pushes into the complementary openings after the metal magazine has been attached / set up on an avalanche mast in its end position after the metal plate has been removed.
- the metal plate remains in place and the storage magazine is then in two parts.
- the activation head is then only transferred to the chute and the union between the explosive charge and the activation head is carried out in the discharge chute. Only then is the activation head 180 displaced in the longitudinal direction of the explosive charge, which is brought together and the locking edge 186 is secured behind the inner shoulder 59.
- a retaining cord element can be dispensed with if the triggering occurs directly or almost immediately after the trigger detonators are activated, if the further predeterminable depth of fall leads to the likewise predetermined explosion point above the snow cover.
- FIGS 5A to 5E each show a schematic illustration of a sectional view, a side view and a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a discharge chute with inserted and falling out throwing load.
- the front view with angle information in relation to the rotational position is analogous to that in FIGS 5A to 5E provided procedure provided.
- the chute after the Fig. 15 has a discharge chute body 200 which has an opening 205 through which, when this opening 205 faces upwards, a load can be loaded from a storage magazine.
- the discharge chute also has a tension element holder 210 which has two recesses 215 and 216.
- the first pulling element recess 215 is oriented upwards and allows the load with the stepped pulling element 242 to be inserted.
- the second pulling element recess 216 serves to throw off the pulling element 242.
- the cargo according to Fig. 15 consists of an explosive charge part 450 and a tension element 242, which in the Figure 15A are shown as slightly longitudinally separated elements and only separated by a predetermined breaking point 190.
- the housing body 51 can also be rotated out of the cap 80, reference numerals of an exemplary embodiment being used here, but this procedure is possible in all embodiments according to the examples explained here.
- the traction element has been provided with a new reference symbol to show that different implementations of the retention of the traction element 242 are possible.
- This can be done by a direct predetermined breaking point 190 in the load and it is possible to move the pulling element longitudinally out of the tube of the explosive charge, or the tube of the explosive charge is weakened in the area of the pulling element used. If the load is to be held on a rope at a predetermined distance, appropriate loops must be provided in feedthroughs 109 in the cap or pulling element and, if appropriate, through corresponding feedthroughs 109 on elements firmly connected to the tube 51 of the explosive charge, such as intermediate walls 184 or slides held by stops 136 to realize.
- the Fig. 16 shows a schematic perspective drawing of an avalanche mast 300 according to an embodiment of the invention and for using a system 10 with a storage magazine according to the preceding figures.
- the avalanche mast 300 is firmly anchored to the ground with a base 301, usually above an avalanche slope to be secured. It has an obliquely arranged mast 302, on which a ring 1 is arranged horizontally at the upper end, as in a basketball hoop, into which the system 10 can be placed by means of attachment flanges 311 comprising two opposite ring segments.
- the reference number 316 denotes a series of solar panels which are arranged on the side walls and the sloping roof area of the system 10.
- a fixed service platform 305 is integrated on the mast 302, on which a pivotable additional platform 306 is provided, which makes it easier to insert and / or operate one used system 10 allowed.
- the reference symbol 309 denotes a suspension device of the system to which the system 10 can be attached under a helicopter and can be transported to and from the avalanche mast 300.
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- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Auslösen von Lawinen mit einer Vielzahl von Sprengladungen und über eine hierfür vorgesehene Sprengladung mit einem Sprengstoff beinhaltenden Körper, mit mindestens einer Sprengkapsel, die mit einem Reisszünder verbunden ist, wobei der Reisszünder über eine Auslöseschnur mit einem Zugelement verbunden ist. Ferner wird ein mit diesem System besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbarer Lawinenmast angegeben.The present invention relates to a system for triggering avalanches with a large number of explosive charges and, via an explosive charge provided for this purpose, with a body containing an explosive, with at least one detonator capsule, which is connected to a detonator, the detonator being connected to a pulling element via a trigger cord . Furthermore, an avalanche mast that can be used particularly advantageously with this system is specified.
Die
In der
Aus der
Schliesslich ist ein weiteres System aus der
Bei diesen zuletzt genannten Ausführungen ist gemeinsam, dass sie den Sprengstoff enthalten und zudem eine in diesen Sprengstoff eingesetzte Zündkapsel vorsehen ist, sodass es sich um einen explosionsbereiten Gegenstand handelt, für den in verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen nochmals strengere Sicherheitsanforderungen beim Transport dieser Ladungen vorgesehen sind.What is common to these last-mentioned versions is that they contain the explosive and, in addition, a detonator capsule is used in this explosive, so that it is an explosive object for which even stricter safety requirements are provided in various legal systems when transporting these loads.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass solche Systeme zur Lawinenauslösung in möglichst einfacher Weise aufgestellt und verwendet werden können.Starting from this prior art, the invention is based on the object of improving an apparatus and method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that such systems for triggering an avalanche can be set up and used in the simplest possible manner.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt darin, eine Sprengladung mit einem Festsprengstoff anzugeben, die erst vor Ort zu einem funktionierenden Sprengsatz zusammengesetzt wird, sodass der Transport der Sprengladung und/oder des Systems selber unter geringeren Sicherheitsanforderungen durchführbar ist.Another object of the present invention is to provide an explosive charge with a solid explosive, which is assembled into a functioning explosive device only on site, so that the transport of the explosive charge and / or the system itself can be carried out with lower safety requirements.
Ein weiteres Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die Einrichtung für die Lagerung der Sprengladungen an sogenannten Lawinenmasten in möglichst einfach wartbarer und bestückbarer Form vorzusehen, insbesondere bei der Zuführung zu diesen Lawinenmasten, welcher einen Hubschraubertransport der Ladungen erfordert.Another object of the invention is to provide the device for storing the explosive charges on so-called avalanche masts in a form that is as easy to maintain and equip as possible, in particular when feeding them to these avalanche masts, which requires a helicopter transport of the charges.
Eine Sprengladung ist mit einem Sprengstoff beinhaltenden Körper und mit mindestens einer Sprengkapsel versehen, die mit einem Zünder verbunden ist. Dabei ist der Zünder über eine Auslöseschnur mit einem Zugelement verbunden. Ein mechanisches Aktivierelement ist über eine Aktivierschnur mit dem Zugelement verbunden. In einer ersten Alternative ist, in einer Bereitschaftsstellung, die Sprengkapsel räumlich getrennt von dem Sprengstoff und in einer Auslösestellung ist diese Sprengkapsel durch das über die Aktivierschnur bewegte mechanische Aktivierelement relativ zum Sprengstoff hin bewegt worden. In einer zweiten Alternative ist, in einer Bereitschaftsstellung, die Sprengkapsel räumlich getrennt von einer zu dem Sprengstoff hinführenden Sprengschnur und in einer Auslösestellung ist diese Sprengkapsel durch das über die Aktivierschnur bewegte mechanische Aktivierelement relativ zu der zu dem Sprengstoff hin bewegt worden .Damit ist die Bereitschaftsstellung, die auch eine Transportstellung ist, eine sichere Art und Weise der Lagerung. Die Aktivierung findet erst bei Abwurf der Ladung statt.An explosive charge is provided with a body containing explosives and with at least one detonator capsule which is connected to a detonator. The detonator is connected to a pulling element via a release cord. A mechanical activation element is connected to the tension element via an activation cord. In a first alternative, in a ready position, the detonator is spatially separated from the explosive and in a release position, this detonator has been moved relative to the explosive by the mechanical activating element moved over the activating cord. In a second alternative, in a standby position, the detonator is spatially separated from an explosive cord leading to the explosive, and in a release position, this detonator has been moved relative to the explosive by the mechanical activating element moved over the activating cord which is also a transport position, a safe way of storage. Activation only takes place when the cargo is dropped.
Ein System zum Auslösen von Lawinen weist eine Vielzahl von oben genannten Sprengladungen auf, welches ein Gehäuse mit einem darin angeordneten Schachtmagazin mit einer horizontalen Drehachse umfasst. Das Schachtmagazin weist Trennwände auf, um das Schachtmagazin in eine Vielzahl von Sprengladungsvorräten zu unterteilen. Ferner weist das System eine Abwurfeinheit unterhalb einer Öffnung in der das Schachtmagazin umgebenden Sprengladungsführung mit einem die Sprengladungen vereinzelnden Abwurfprofil auf. Dadurch kann in einfacher Weise eine grosse Zahl von Sprengladungen platzsparend gespeichert werden.A system for triggering avalanches has a plurality of explosive charges mentioned above, which comprises a housing with a shaft magazine arranged therein with a horizontal axis of rotation. The shaft magazine has dividing walls in order to divide the shaft magazine into a large number of explosive charge stocks. Furthermore, the system has a discharge unit below an opening in the explosive charge guide surrounding the shaft magazine with a discharge profile separating the explosive charges. As a result, a large number of explosive charges can be stored in a space-saving manner.
Bei einem solchen System können die Trennwände das Schachtmagazin in vier radiale Sprengladungsvorräte und jeweils dazwischen angeordnete mindestens zwei schräglineare Sprengladungsvorräte unterteilen. Optional sind zwischen diesen schräglinearen Sprengladungsvorräte noch einzelne tangentiale Sprengladungsvorräte vorgesehen.In such a system, the partitions can divide the shaft magazine into four radial explosive charge stores and at least two obliquely linear explosive charge stores arranged therebetween. Optional are inclined linear between these Explosive charge stocks are still provided for individual tangential explosive charge stocks.
Solch ein System hat für die Bedienung aus der Ferne vorteilhafterweise Aktuatoren, um einerseits das Schachtmagazin zu drehen, um den Abwurfschacht zu laden, und um andererseits das Abwurfprofil für einen Abwurf einer Ladung zu drehen. Dabei sind für den Abwurf einer Ladung zwei Schritte vorgesehen, um einerseits die Sprengladung selber abzuwerfen und andererseits das Zugelement aus dem Abwurfschacht zu entfernen.Such a system advantageously has actuators for remote operation, on the one hand to rotate the shaft magazine, to load the discharge shaft and on the other hand to rotate the discharge profile for the discharge of a load. Two steps are provided for the discharge of a load, on the one hand to drop the explosive charge itself and on the other hand to remove the tension element from the discharge shaft.
Ferner sind dann Kommunikationsmittel vorgesehen, um die Aktuatoren aus der Entfernung zu steuern, wobei optional Sensoren vorgesehen sind, um die Präsenz von Sprengladungen an einzelnen Vorratspositionen des Schachtmagazins zu erkennen, wobei die Sensoren mit den Kommunikationsmitteln für eine Weiterleitung der Sensorinformationen verbunden sind.Furthermore, communication means are then provided in order to control the actuators from a distance, sensors optionally being provided in order to detect the presence of explosive charges at individual storage positions of the shaft magazine, the sensors being connected to the communication means for forwarding the sensor information.
Bei einem solchen System können die seitlichen Wände und/oder Deckenwände, insbesondere schrägen Deckenwände, des Gehäuses mit Photovoltaikmodulen belegt sein, mit denen die Aktuatoren, Kommunikationsmittel und optionale Sensoren mit Energie versorgbar sind und allfällige Akkumulatoren ladbar sind.In such a system, the side walls and / or ceiling walls, in particular sloping ceiling walls, of the housing can be covered with photovoltaic modules, with which the actuators, communication means and optional sensors can be supplied with energy and any accumulators can be charged.
Für einen Helikoptertransport ist es vorteilhaft, dass das Gehäuse nach unten verjüngt ist und dass das Gehäuse im oberen Bereich über mindestens eine über das Gehäuse hinausragende Absetzstütze verfügt. Ferner hat dann das Gehäuse an äusseren Kanten vorteilhafterweise mindestens ein Gleit- und Einführprofil. Schliesslich ist dann im oberen Bereich des Gehäuses eine Aufhängeinrichtung vorgesehen, insbesondere eine Öffnung für einen Lastenhaken, vorgesehen ist.For a helicopter transport, it is advantageous that the housing is tapered downwards and that the housing in the upper area has at least one landing support that projects beyond the housing. Furthermore, the housing then advantageously has at least one sliding and insertion profile on the outer edges. Finally, a suspension device, in particular an opening for a cargo hook, is then provided in the upper region of the housing.
Dieses System kann besonders vorteilhaft mit einem Mast eingesetzt werden, der oberhalb von Gebieten aufgebaut wird, in dem Lawinenhänge gesprengt werden müssen. Dabei verfügt der Mast dann über einen Ring, dessen Innendurchmesser grösser ist als der Gehäusedurchmesser des Systems und dessen Innendurchmesser kleiner ist, als die über das Gehäuse hinausragenden Absetzstützen.This system can be used particularly advantageously with a mast that is set up above areas in which avalanche slopes have to be blown up. The mast then has a ring, the inside diameter of which is larger than the housing diameter of the system and the inside diameter of which is smaller than the landing supports projecting beyond the housing.
Weitere Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben, die lediglich zur Erläuterung dienen und nicht einschränkend auszulegen sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines Systems zur Speicherung und Lagerung sowie Abwurf von Sprengladungen gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht des Systems nach
schräg von unten;Figur 1 - Fig. 3
- zeigt eine weitere perspektivische Ansicht von der Seite auf das System nach
Fig. 1 , wobei eine Seitenwand und weitere seitliche Elemente entfernt worden sind, um das Schachtmagazin darzustellen; - Fig. 4
- zeigt eine Detailansicht der
Fig. 3 mit Ring, einigen Sprengladungen in den einzelnen Segmenten und diese Sprengladungen separierenden Trennblechen; - Fig. 5A bis E
- zeigen in schematischer Seitenansicht den Gegenstand eines zu den
Figs. 1 bis 4 ähnlichen Systems in der Sequenz der Auslösung des Systems; - Fig. 6
- zeigt eine vergrösserte perspektivische, teilweise seitlich geschnittene Ansicht auf das Abwurfsystem mit einigen Elementen des Schachtmagazins wie benachbarten Sprengladungen;
- Fig. 7
- zeigt eine schematische geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Sprengladung, wie sie in einem System nach der
Fig. 1 einsetzbar ist; - Fig. 8
- zeigt eine perspektivische schematische Ansicht der Zündreihenfolge nach
Fig. 7 , mit einem Reisszünder, einer Sicherheitsanzündschnur und einer Sprengkapsel; - Fig. 9
- zeigt eine schematische geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Sprengladung mit Auslöseschnüren, wie sie in einem System nach der
Fig. 1 einsetzbar ist; - Fig. 10A & B
- zeigen ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel einer Sprengladung ähnlich zu den
Figs. 7 und9 in zwei unterschiedlichen Seitenansichten, um 90° zueinander verdreht; - Fig. 11A & B
- zeigen in schematischer Seitenansicht ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Sprengladung;
- Fig. 12A & B
- zeigen eine Querschnittsansicht der
Fig. 11A und Fig. 11B an den Linien XXIIA beziehungsweise XXIIB; - Fig. 13
- zeigt eine schematische Querschnittsansicht eines Beispiels (nicht nach der Erfindung) einer Sprengladung mit einem speziellen Auslösekopf im zusammengebauten Zustand;
- Fig. 14
- zeigt eine vergrösserte schematische Ansicht des Auslösekopfes aus
Fig. 13 ; - Fig. 15A, B & C
- zeigen eine schematische Darstellung einer Schnittansicht, einer Seitenansicht und einer Vorderansicht mit Winkelangaben eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Abwurfschachtes mit eingelegter und herausfallender Wurfladung; und
- Fig. 16
- zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Zeichnung eines Lawinenmastes gemäss einer Ausführung der Erfindung und zum Einsatz eines Vorratsmagazins gemäss den vorstehenden Figuren.
- Fig. 1
- 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a system for storing and storing and dropping off explosive charges in accordance with an embodiment of the invention,
- Fig. 2
- shows a perspective view of the system according to
Figure 1 diagonally from below; - Fig. 3
- shows another perspective view from the side of the system
Fig. 1 , wherein a side wall and other side elements have been removed to represent the shaft magazine; - Fig. 4
- shows a detailed view of the
Fig. 3 with ring, some explosive charges in the individual segments and separating sheets separating these explosive charges; - 5A to E
- show in a schematic side view the subject of one of the
Figs. 1 to 4 similar system in the sequence of triggering the system; - Fig. 6
- shows an enlarged perspective, partially laterally sectioned view of the discharge system with some elements of the shaft magazine such as neighboring explosive charges;
- Fig. 7
- shows a schematic sectional side view of an embodiment of an explosive charge, as in a system according to the
Fig. 1 can be used; - Fig. 8
- shows a perspective schematic view of the firing order according to
Fig. 7 , with a detonator, a safety fuse and a detonator; - Fig. 9
- shows a schematic sectional side view of an embodiment of an explosive charge with release cords, as in a system according to the
Fig. 1 can be used; - 10A & B
- show an alternative embodiment of an explosive charge similar to that
Figs. 7 and9 in two different side views, rotated 90 ° to each other; - Figures 11A & B
- show a schematic side view of another embodiment of an explosive charge;
- Figures 12A & B
- show a cross-sectional view of FIG
11A and 11B on lines XXIIA and XXIIB; - Fig. 13
- shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example (not according to the invention) of an explosive charge with a special trigger head in the assembled state;
- Fig. 14
- shows an enlarged schematic view of the release head from
Fig. 13 ; - 15A, B & C
- show a schematic representation of a sectional view, a side view and a front view with angle information of an embodiment of a discharge chute with inserted and falling out throwing load; and
- Fig. 16
- shows a schematic perspective drawing of an avalanche mast according to an embodiment of the invention and for using a storage magazine according to the preceding figures.
An dem Rahmen 12 des Magazinkörpers 13 sind hier insbesondere an den Seitenkanten vier Gleiteckprofile 14 vorgesehen, die sich im unteren Teil des Magazinkörpers 13 hin verjüngen, was durch den gekröpften Verlauf 15 des Profils der Gleitecken 14 mit dem Bezugszeichen 15 bezeichnet ist. Diese Ausgestaltung eines nach unten sich verjüngenden Konus ermöglicht es, beim Einsetzen des Magazinkörpers 13, dass ein über dem Lawinenmast und damit über dem Ring 1 schwebender Hubschrauber das System 10 als hängende Last befördert und das sich verjüngende Ende 15 des Magazinkörpers 13 in und durch den Ring 1 eingeführt wird. Schlussendlich kommt dann der Rahmen 12 mit den vier nach aussen weisenden Flanschecken 11 auf der Oberfläche des Rings 1 des Lawinenmastes zur Ruhe.On the
Neben diesen mechanischen Aspekten des Magazinkörpers 13 können vorteilhafterweise die Seitenflächen 16 sowie gegebenenfalls die schrägen oberen Dachflächen des Magazinkörpers 13 mit Solarzellen bedeckt sein, um während des Tages Energie aufzunehmen, um diese in einer Batterie des Systems (nicht dargestellt) für die Ansteuerung des Systems 10 zu speichern. Dabei können diese Elemente im System 10 selber und/oder über Kabel am Lawinenmast vorgesehen sein. In seinem unteren Bereich verfügt der Magazinkörper 13 über Abstellprofile 17, zwischen denen sich das in der
Die
Mit dem Bezugszeichen 30 ist eine generische Sprengladung bezeichnet, die je nach Position im System auch andere Bezugszeichen erhalten hat, insbesondere bei der Detailbeschreibung von Sprengladungen gemäss den
Die
Die Sprengladungen 30 befinden sich in einer segmentierten Schachtmagazinbevorratung, die pro 90° der Trommel 20 des Systems einen gradlinigen Sprengladungsvorrat 23, bestehend aus drei radial angeordneten Sprengladungen 30, zwei schräg radial vorgesehenen Sprengladungsvorräte 24 mit je zwei schräg radial hintereinander angeordneten Sprengladungen 30, und einem äusseren einzelnen tangentialen Sprengladungsvorrat 25 besteht.The explosive charges 30 are located in a segmented chute magazine supply which, for every 90 ° of the
In der Zeichnung ist zu Illustrationszwecken eine 33te Sprengladung 26 hier im Abwurfschacht selber dargestellt, der sich unterhalb des Schachtmagazins 20 findet. Im Anwendungsfall ist nur das Schachtmagazin 20 gefüllt und der Abwurfschacht ist leer. Das Schachtmagazin 20 weist zur Aufteilung der 32 Sprengladungen eine Vielzahl von Trennblechen 28 auf, die meistens radial, teilweise quer oder tangential, verlaufen, um die oben genannten Sprengladungsvorratsteile 23, 24, 25 zu separieren. Nach unten in Richtung Schwerkraft liegen die äusseren bzw. äussersten Sprengladungen auf der kreisförmigen Sprengladungsführung 29 auf, die insbesondere durch die Innenkanten der Zwischenprofilwände 21' gebildet werden, so dass bei Drehen des Schachtmagazins 20 um die Ache 22 jeweils dann eine Sprengladung aus dem Schachtmagazin 20 in den Abwurfschacht 18 herunterfällt, wenn der Abwurfschacht leer ist. Der entsprechende Vorgang wird im Zusammenhang mit den
Die
Die
Das Abwurfprofil 32 kann insbesondere aus zwei, drei oder mehr in Längsrichtung der Sprengladung 23' angeordneten Querprofilen bestehen, die einen äusseren kreisförmigen Rand aufweisen, welcher einen grösseren Durchmesser als der Durchmesser der Sprengladung 23' hat. Darüber hinaus weist dieses Profil an einer Seite eine radiale Ausnehmung 33 auf, die in der Tiefe einen Durchmesser hat, welcher mit Spiel die radiale Aufnahme der Sprengladung 23' gestattet. In der Darstellung der
Beim Laden der Vorrichtung nach
Zum initialen Laden wird das Schachtmagazin 20 um die Achse 22 so gedreht, dass ein Sprengladungsvorrat 23 in der Vertikalen oberhalb des Wurfprofils 32 steht, wobei dies durch die gemeinsame Achse 36 sichergestellt ist, bei der es sich um eine Vertikalachse handelt, die gleichzeitig durch die Rotationsachsen vom Schachtmagazin 20 und Abwurfprofil 32 geht. Beim Erreichen der Position der
Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, die Auslösung auch durch eine Drehung mit dem Uhrzeigersinn auszuführen, was aber den leichten Nachteil hat, dass es sich beim Abwerfen um ein Herausrollen der Sprengladung um die Kante 37 des Abwurfprofil handelt, während bei der Drehung gegen den Uhrzeigersinn die Kante 37 bereits den Weg freigibt.Basically, it is possible to trigger by rotating it clockwise, but this has the slight disadvantage that the drop is a rollout of the explosive charge around the
Die
Die
Es ist hier ein gegenüber der schematischen Zeichnung der
Ferner sind die beiden Abdeckbleche 19 dargestellt, die hier verschlossen sind und um seitliche Achsen 39 drehbar sind.Furthermore, the two
Die
Die Sprengladung 50 umfasst ein zylindrisches Rohr 51, welches als Hohlzylinder ausgebildet ist. Es verfügt insbesondere über zwei Serviceöffnungen in Longitudinalrichtung; die mittlere Serviceöffnung 52 ist die Serviceöffnung für die Montage und die zweite Serviceöffnung ist die Serviceöffnung 53 für die Entschärfung. Die Serviceöffnungen 52 und 53 sind hintereinander auf dem Zylindermantel angeordnet, wobei sie einem Sprengstab 90 zugeordnet sind, welcher sich in einem Hohlzylinder als Führungsgehäuse 91 longitudinal parallel zum Gehäusekörper 51 der Sprengladung 50 bewegen lassen kann. Zentriert zwischen den beiden zylindrischen Führungsgehäusen 91 für die Sprengstäbe 90 ist Sprengstoff 60 angeordnet, der insbesondere zylindrisch sein kann, aber auch die restlichen Volumina des Gehäusekörpers 51 ausfüllen kann. Das Führungsgehäuse 91 kann insbesondere aus Karton sein, so dass dieser durch die Serviceöffnungen 52 und 53 aufgeschnitten werden kann, um die entsprechenden Elemente wie Sprengkapsel, Reisszünder und gegebenenfalls die Anzündschnur durch diese Öffnungen herausgezogen werden können.The
Auf der Unterseite der Sprengladung 60 ist eine Bodenkappe 70 aufgesetzt, die an der Einsetzschulter 74 in den Hohlmantelkörper des Gehäusekörpers 51 hineinragt. Dabei sind intern Vertiefungen vorgesehen, um die beiden seitlichen Führungsgehäuse 91 aufzunehmen. In Verlängerung der Führungsgehäuse 91 sind jeweils Durchführungen 71 vorgesehen, in die im Betrieb Teile des Sprengstabes 90 eingeführt werden. Unterhalb dieses ersten Teils der Bodenkappe 70 sind zwei halbzylindrische Hohlräume 72 vorgesehen, die durch eine vertikale Scheidewand voneinander getrennt sind. Somit kann dann jeweils eine Sprengkapsel 94 im Hohlraum 72 auf der Sicherheitsanzündschnur 93 aufgesetzt sein und würde bei einem Auslösen ihre Wirkung nur auf die Bodenkappe und insbesondere nur den eigenen Hohlraum 72 ausüben. Die Hohlräume 72 der Bodenkappe 70 sind durch einen Bodendeckel 73 verschlossen. Dieser Bodendeckel 73 ist insbesondere nicht lösbar mit der Bodenkappe verbunden.A
Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Bodenkappe 70 ist eine Zugelementkappe 80 vorgesehen, die an der Aufsetzschulter 85 in den Innenraum des Gehäusekörpers 51 ragt. Dabei stösst sie gegen einen Einsatz 89, der inwändig des Gehäusekörpers 51 bis zur Unterkante der Zugelementkappe 80 hochgezogen ist und einen, insbesondere losen, Zwischenboden 88 aufweist, der den dadurch gebildeten Hohlraum in einen vorderen Hohlraum 86 und einen hinteren Hohlraum 87 unterteilt. Der vordere Hohlraum 88 ist über eine U-förmige Seildurchführung 82 mit dem Kopf 81 der Zugelementkappe 80 verbunden. Der Kopf verfügt über eine Einschnürung 83, um sich dann flanschweise in einen Kappenflansch 81 zu verbreitern. Damit besteht eine Flanschschulter 84, mit der insbesondere ein Loslöseelement für das Zugelement 80 aus der Sprengladung 50 verbunden sein kann.On the opposite side of the
Die
In der oberen Darstellung der
Die Öffnungen 52 und 53 sind diametral auf beiden Seiten des Gehäuses 51 vorgesehen, um durch den beispielsweise Pappzylinder als Gehäuse 91 hindurch den Kopf 92 sowie die Sprengschnur 93 als auch die Sprengkapsel 94 von aussen entfernen zu können.The
Die
Die Sprengkapsel wird angewürgt und muss mittels Abschneiden von der Anzündschnur getrennt werden. Hingegen ist das System Sprengkapsel und Anzündschnur im Element 95 des Sprengstabs demontierbar, d.h. mittels Aufschrauben des Elements 95 wird die Anzündschnur frei und die Sprengkapsel kann mit der Anzündschnur zusammen aus dem System entfernt werden. So entsteht auch die Möglichkeit für ein einfaches Entschärfen der Sprengladung.The detonator is gagged and must be cut off from the fuse. On the other hand, the detonator and detonating cord system in
Die Anzündschnur 93 selber ragt in den Schlagzünder 95 hinein, der den Innenkörper des Kopfes 92 ausmacht. Um den Schlagzünder 95 herum ist ein Führungskolben 97 angeordnet, um den herum die Halteschnur 96 geführt ist. Die Halteschnur 96 wird durch zwei seitlich gegenüberliegende Öffnungen im Führungskolben 97 nach innen geführt und wird durch Bildung von Knoten 98 gegen ein Herausziehen gesichert. Der Schlagzünder hat zentral einen kleinen Stift, der herausragt und mit einer Bohrung versehen ist. Die Halteschnur 96 ist im vorderen Bereich durch diese Bohrung geschlauft und mit dem Schlagzünder 95 verbunden, wobei durch ein Reissen des Stiftes im Schlagzünderkopf die Anzündschnur 93 gezündet wird. Diese Funktionsweise bei der Sprengladung 50 nach
Die
Der Unterschied zwischen den
Der Sprengstab 90 bleibt an einem unten dargestellten Platz der
Die
Bei der
Die
Die
Zwischen der Bodenkappe 73 der Vorrichtung und der Auslöseeinrichtung ist ein oberer Gehäusemantel 150 vorgesehen, in dem der Schlagzünder 139, die Anzündschnurschlaufen 138 und die Sprengkapsel 134 vorgesehen sind. Dabei wird die Anzündschnur in ihren Schlaufen 138 in einem Volumen 142 oberhalb des Sprengstoffs 60 geführt, wobei eine zentraler Zylinder des Innendeckelkörpers 141 vorgesehen ist, welcher durch die Halteplatte 151 für den Reisszünder 139 abgeschlossen wird.An
Im oberen Bereich der Sprengladung 250 besteht ein Hohlraum als Aufnahmeraum 152 gegenüber der besagten Halteplatte 151 für den Reisszünder, in welchen Hohlraum 152 die Zugelementkappe 80 eingesetzt werden kann. Die Zugelementkappe 80 verfügt über die Schlaufe 104 durch den Boden der Kappe 80 hindurch, an den sich beispielsweise zwei Längen von Zugsschnüren befinden, die letztendlich alle über die Auslöseschnur 106 mit dem Reiszünder 139 und über die Aktivierschnur 107 mit dem Schieber 136 verbunden sind.In the upper area of the
Durch die zwei Zeichnungen der
Die Sprengschnur 131 hat Spiel und bildet eine Schlaufe 132 im Freiraum 143 neben dem Sprengstoff 60 oder liegt sonstwie in dem Freiraum 143. Durch den Schieber 136 in der Position der
Die
Wesentlich ist hier beim Zusammenbau, dass durch das Aufdrücken der Unterkante des Deckels 80 auf das Gehäuse 150 es dazu führt, dass der Zusammenbau der Vorrichtung noch einmal sicherer gestaltet werden kann. Beim Aufsetzen der Unterkante des Deckels 80 auf das rohrförmige Element mit den Seitenwänden 51 und 150 führt dazu, dass das verschiebbare Element 136 durch die entsprechenden Wände 151 und zum Sprengstoff hin durchgeschoben und vorgeschoben wird, sodass das obere Ende der Sprengschnur 131 hinter dieser weiteren Wand 153 und damit weniger im oberen Bereich der Sprengladung 250 endet. Daher liegen die Sprengkapseln 134 in der
Somit zeigt die
Beim Einsatz fällt die Sprengladung 250 aus dem Abwurfsystem 18, während der Deckel noch durch eine Kulisse in dem Abwurfsystem 18 zurückgehalten wird. Somit ergibt sich nach einer gewissen vorbestimmten Fallhöhe, die durch die Länge der Schnüre 102 bestimmt wird wieder die Situation der
Die
Der Sprengladungsteil 280 im hinteren Raum des Sprengladungskörpers 51 ist hier mit Sprengstoff 60 ausgegossen, so dass insbesondere auf die Wartungsöffnungen und Entschärfungsöffnungen verzichtet werden kann. Wesentlich ist, dass der gegossene Sprengstoff mittig über mindestens eine, hier zwei Ausnehmungen 61 verfügt, in die die eine oder hier zwei Sprengkapseln 181 eingeschoben werden können. Diese ragen daher in der Einsatzposition zumindest im mittigen Bereich aus dem unteren Teil des Sprengladungsoberteils 185 hinaus und in den Sprengstoff 60 hinein. Zur Aktivierung der Sprengladung wird der getrennt vom Sprengladungsteil 280 transportierte Auslösekopf 180 in das Sprengladungsteil 280 in longitudinaler Richtung hineingeschoben, wobei der Körper des Auslösekopfes 180 über Arretierränder 186 verfügt, die mit komplementären Elementen 59 eines Inneneinsatzes 58 in dem Rohr zur Verriegelung zusammen wirken. Dabei reicht die Seitenwand 189 des Sprengladungsoberteils 185 bis zur aufgesetzten Kappe 80 hin. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 190 ist der mögliche Bereich einer Sollbruchstelle eingezeichnet, die sich um den Umkreis von der Aussenwand des Gehäusekörpers 51 und der Seitenwand 189, bevorzugt an deren oberen Ende um diese Aussenwand zieht, so dass die Kappe 80 als Zugelement in dem Auswurfschacht verbleiben kann, während die Sprengladung mit dem Unterteil und damit mit den in dem Gehäusekörper 51 eingesetzten Einheiten aus dem Auswurfschacht fallen kann.The
Die Sprengkapseln 181, die durch die zentralen Öffnungen dieser Scheibe 185 durchgeschoben werden, sind mit der Auslösezündschnur 182 verbunden, welche jeweils mit einem Reisszünder 183 verbunden sind. Mit jedem dieser Reisszünder 183 ist wiederum eine Vorratsspule 103 verbunden, die in der Seilschlaufe 104 durch das flanschartige Ende der Kappe 180 hindurch geführt wird. Wenn dann der obere Bereich des Auslösekopfes 180 sich von dem Rohr 51 trennt, insbesondere durch eine Materialschwächung an einer Sollbruchstelle 190, wird die Vorratsschlaufe 103 ausgerollt und gespannt und löst im Moment der Spannung die Reisszünder 183 zum Anzünden der Anzündschnur 182 mit, welche dann insbesondere über die Sprengkapseln 181 den Sprengkörper 60 selber zündet. Insbesondere ist eine zusätzliche Halteschnur 108 vorgesehen, die in einer Schlaufe durch entsprechende Öffnungen 109 die Reisszünderhalteplatte 184 geführt ist und auch hier wieder sicherstellt, dass die Sprengladung in der durch die Länge der Halteschnur 108 vorgegebenen Tiefe unter einem Lawinenmast gehalten wird, bevor sie explodiert, da die Vorratsschnüre 103 wieder etwas kürzer als die Halteschnur 108 sind.The
Bei einem Einsatz der Sprengladungen in einem grösseren Kontext wie in einem Magazin wird die die getrennte Transport-Sicherheit dadurch erreicht, dass die Gehäuseeinheit 280 mit Sprengstoff und Sprengschnur im Gehäuse beispielsweise in dem Schachtmagazin transportiert wird, vor dem eine alle Öffnungen abdeckende Sicherung, vorteilhafterweise eine durchgehend davor vorgesehene Stahlplatte, angeordnet ist.When the explosive charges are used in a larger context, such as in a magazine, the separate transport security is achieved in that the
In einem einfachen Beispiel ist diese in einer Führung eingelassen, die ein Herausziehen dieser Stahlplatte quer zu der Längsrichtung von den auf beiden Seiten dazu gegenüber angeordnetem Auslösekopf 180 und Sprengladungsteil 280 erlaubt. Vor dieser Stahlplatte sind dann also eine entsprechende Anzahl von Aktivierköpfen angeordnet, die ein Operator nach Einhängen/Aufstellen des Schachtmagazins an einem Lawinenmast in dessen Endposition nach dem Entfernen der Metallplatte in die komplementären Öffnungen vorschiebt.In a simple example, this is embedded in a guide which allows this steel plate to be pulled out transversely to the longitudinal direction from the
In einem anderen Beispiel verbleibt die Metallplatte an Ort und Stelle und das Vorratsmagazin ist dann zweiteilig. Bei Freigabe einer Sprengladung in den Abwurfschacht wird erst dann ebenfalls der Aktivierkopf in den Abwurfschacht übergeben und die Vereinigung zwischen Sprengladung und Aktivierkopf wird in dem Abwurfschacht vorgenommen. Also erst dann wird durch eine Verschiebung des Aktivierkopfes 180 in Längsrichtung der Sprengladung diese zusammengeführt und der Arretierrand 186 hinter der Innenschulter 59 gesichert wird.In another example, the metal plate remains in place and the storage magazine is then in two parts. When an explosive charge is released into the chute, the activation head is then only transferred to the chute and the union between the explosive charge and the activation head is carried out in the discharge chute. Only then is the
In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen bei allen Sprengladungen 50, 250, 350 kann auf ein Halteschnurelement verzichtet werden, wenn die Auslösung direkt oder nahezu direkt nach dem Aktivieren der Anreisszünder passiert, wenn die weitere vorbestimmbare Falltiefe zum ebenfalls vorbestimmten Explosionspunkt über der Schneedecke führt.In other exemplary embodiments in the case of all
Die
Der Abwurfschacht nach der
Die Ladung gemäss
Bei der Beschreibung der
Die
Claims (11)
- Explosive charge (50; 250; 350) with a body (51) containing explosive material (60), with at least one detonator cap (94, 134, 181) which is connected to a detonator (95, 139), wherein the detonator (95, 139) is connected to a pull element (80, 180) via a trigger cord (101, 107), characterised in that at least one mechanical activating element (92, 136) is connected to the pulling element (80, 180) via an activating cord (101, 107), and in that either in a first alternative in a standby position the at least one detonator (94, 134) is arranged spatially separated from the explosive (60), and in a triggering position the at least one detonator cap (94, 134, 181) is positioned in a distance relative to the explosive material (60), and in a release position the at least one detonator cap (94, 134) by the mechanical activating element (92, 136) being moved via the activating cord (101, 107) relative towards the explosive material (60), or in a second alternative, when the detonator cap is a ripple detonator, in a standby position the at least one detonator cap (94, 134) is arranged spatially separated from a detonating cord (131) leading to the explosive material (60), and in a release position the at least one detonator cap (94, 134) has been moved relative to the detonating cord (131) leading to the explosive material (60) by the mechanical activating element (92, 136) moved via the activating cord (101, 107).
- The explosive charge according to the first alternative of claim 1, characterised in that the activating element (92) comprises the detonator (95), to which a detonating cord (93) is attached, leading to the explosive material (60), and in that the detonating cap (94) is positioned, in the ready position, behind a dividing wall (70), from which the detonating cap can be moved by pulling on the triggering cord in parallel to the explosive material (60) and beside it.
- Explosive charge according to the second alternative claim 1, characterised in that the activating element (136) comprises a slider, adjacent to which at least one detonator cap (134) is arranged, in that the slider (136) comprises a section with a detonating cord (131) and a section free of detonating cord adjacent thereto, in that the detonating cord (131) is guided at least in a partial section into the area of the explosive material (60), and in that the slider (136) in the ready position is arranged with its detonating cord-free section next to the at least one detonator cap (134), from which position the slider (136) can be moved by pulling on the triggering cord in order to move the section of the slider (136) with the detonating cord (131) next to the at least one detonator cap (134).
- A system for triggering avalanches with a plurality of explosive charges, comprising a housing with a shaft magazine (20) disposed therein with a horizontal axis of rotation (22) having partitions (28) to divide the shaft magazine (20) into a plurality of explosive charge stores (23, 24, 25), comprising an ejection unit (18) below an opening in the explosive charge guide (29) surrounding the compartment magazine (20) with an ejection profile (32) separating the explosive charges, and further comprising a plurality of explosive charges inserted in the explosive charge supplies (23, 24, 25) according to one of claims 1 to 3.
- The system according to claim 4, wherein the partitions (28) divide the compartment magazine (20) into four radial explosive charge stores (23) and at least two oblique linear explosive charge stores (24) each disposed there between, optionally comprising a single tangential explosive charge store (23) disposed there between.
- The system according to one of claims 4 or 5, in which actuators are provided to rotate the compartment magazine (20) on the one hand and to rotate the ejection profile (32) on the other hand, in which communication means are provided to control the actuators from a distance, wherein optionally sensors are provided to detect the presence of explosive charges at individual supply positions of the compartment magazine (20), said sensors being connected to the communication means for forwarding the sensor information.
- The system according to claim 6, in which the lateral walls and/or ceiling walls, in particular sloping ceiling walls, of the housing are covered with photovoltaic modules with which the actuators, communication means and optional sensors can be supplied with energy and any accumulators can be charged.
- The system according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the housing is tapered downwards and in that the housing has at least one set-down support (11, 311) in the upper region projecting beyond the housing.
- The system according to claim 8, in which the housing has at least one sliding and insertion profile (15) on outer edges.
- The system according to claim 8 or claim 9, in which a suspension device (309), in particular a coupling for a load hook, is provided in the upper area of the housing.
- The system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the system is provided with a pole (300), in that the pole (300) has a ring (1) whose inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the housing of the system (10) and whose inner diameter is smaller than the settling supports (11, 311) projecting beyond the housing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17168097.8A EP3396303B1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | System for triggering an avalanche |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17168097.8A EP3396303B1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | System for triggering an avalanche |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3396303A1 EP3396303A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3396303B1 true EP3396303B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
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EP17168097.8A Active EP3396303B1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | System for triggering an avalanche |
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Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH675023A5 (en) * | 1988-01-12 | 1990-08-15 | Zermatt Air Ag | |
EP0798536B1 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2002-08-07 | Innova Patent GmbH | Device for starting avalanches or the like |
CH692798A5 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Wyssen Seilbahnen Ag | Explosion-detonator has mast to which platform is fixed for magazine, with remote control, release and attachment cords |
GB2351797A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-10 | Delta K Explosive Engineering | Explosive device for triggering avalanches |
CH708911B1 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2018-06-15 | Wyssen Seilbahnen Ag | Explosive device for avalanche release. |
EP3076122B1 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2018-10-24 | Inauen-Schätti AG | System for triggering of avalanches |
-
2017
- 2017-04-25 EP EP17168097.8A patent/EP3396303B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
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