EP3392585B1 - Centrifugal dryer and drying process for crates - Google Patents

Centrifugal dryer and drying process for crates Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3392585B1
EP3392585B1 EP18000371.7A EP18000371A EP3392585B1 EP 3392585 B1 EP3392585 B1 EP 3392585B1 EP 18000371 A EP18000371 A EP 18000371A EP 3392585 B1 EP3392585 B1 EP 3392585B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cage
centrifuging
crate
crates
lifting table
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EP18000371.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3392585A1 (en
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Thomas Ungerer
Martin Mantinger
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Tanzer Maschinenbau Srl
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Tanzer Maschinenbau Srl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by centrifugal treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifuge with a vertical axis of rotation and a horizontal conveyor belt for drying individual crates of different dimensions with hinged or rigid side walls which e.g. used for the transportation of fruits and vegetables.
  • a dry centrifuge for individual pallets whose centrifugal cage rotating around a vertical axis has movable clamping jaws for receiving the pallet.
  • the clamping mechanism enables the centering clamping of the pallet, which is lifted vertically from the conveyor belt by means of the lifting table and pressed against the base plate of the centrifugal cage.
  • the opening and closing of the clamping jaws and the acceleration and deceleration of the speed of the The clamping mechanism weighed down on the centrifugal cage cause relatively long drying times.
  • a drying process by centrifugation and the corresponding device which has a centrifugal cage which can be rotated along a vertical axis and which is closed at the bottom by a support plate against which a vertically adjustable hold-down for the object to be thrown acts.
  • the object to be dried is introduced radially from the side into the centrifugal cage with turntable and pressed against the support plate by the hold-down during centrifugation.
  • the loading and unloading times of this centrifugal cage, including the acceleration and deceleration times, are relatively high, and the centrifugal cage must be stopped in an exact position for loading and emptying.
  • a centrifugal dryer with a vibration mechanism in which a centrifugal container which is open at the top and rotates along a vertical axis is provided with a lifting table which is vertically movable within this container and on which a vibration mechanism acts.
  • the centrifugal container is loaded and emptied from above.
  • This device is for the drying of small parts is suitable, but not of crates that have to be held during the spinning.
  • a drying method is known in which a braking device is provided for reducing the speed of rotation of a supporting device for egg trays.
  • the object to be dried is loaded and removed from above.
  • the rotating carrier device is unsuitable for centrifuging crates to dry as there is no movable hold-down device to secure the object to be dried during centrifugation.
  • the object of the invention is to create a centrifugal dryer of the aforementioned type which is capable of effective drying in an extremely short time on individual trays with hinged side walls in the open or closed position and on trays with fixed side walls, the individually fed Rise can also have different dimensions.
  • the invention proposes a dry centrifuge with a horizontal conveyor belt which, because of the lightweight construction of the centrifugal cage without clamping and introducing devices, because of the secure holding of the crates while lifting from the conveyor belt in the direction of the cage and lowering and placing it again on the conveyor belt and because of the temporal overlapping of the movements of the cage and the manipulation organs for the crates, it enables extremely short drying times to be achieved. Furthermore, according to the invention, the extremely short drying times also result from the fact that, due to the extreme acceleration and deceleration times of the centrifugal cage, tangential forces also act on the water particles in addition to the radial centrifugal forces.
  • the centrifugal dryer according to the invention essentially consists of a centrifugal cage rotating around a vertical axis which is mounted in a frame which is supported horizontally by at least one conveyor belt with two parallel, spaced belts for the transport of the crates is traversed, with a waiting station, a centrifugal station, with catch basins for the water and with doors for inspection and safety are provided.
  • the crate which is fed in in a known manner, is taken over by the known horizontal, continuously moving feed conveyor belt, by means of a horizontal, intermittent and faster-running conveyor belt of the spinning station, in order to create a spacing between the crate taken over and the crates brought up to achieve, so that a retainer acting from below can act, which holds back the row of crates brought up on the horizontal feed conveyor belt.
  • the first tray fed in is stopped in a waiting position for the purpose of ascertaining the dimensions, the model, any defects and / or the open or closed position of the side walls. If defects are found, partially open or closed side walls or dimensions or models that are not intended for centrifugation, the crate will be thrown out. In the case of a crate which is one of the models that can be thrown, is without defects and whose side walls are all open or closed, the crate is transported horizontally by the conveyor belt into the centrifugal position.
  • the invention proposes to provide an elastically or articulated inlet frame at the passage of the water tub which collects the centrifugal water below the centrifugal cage, which can also pass through Climbing with imprecise positioning enables or secures its easy insertion into the centrifugal cage.
  • this lead-in frame can also be replaced by individual lead-in segments.
  • the invention does not exclude that the centrifugal cage is operated by means of a motor whose shaft is offset to the axis of rotation of the cage, in this case, of course, the vertically movable hold-down device is mounted coaxially inside the rotating shaft of the cage.
  • the spin dryer can be equipped with two known pairs of conveyor belts which act laterally on the edge of the floor by holding it with counter pressure; a first pair is arranged in the area of the waiting position and a second pair in the position of the slingshot.
  • the said pairs of conveyor belts allow the crates to drop out of the waiting station by falling.
  • the first pair of conveyor belts provided in the waiting station is advantageously of a simple type with adaptation to the dimensions of the tray floor
  • the second pair of conveyor belts which is provided in the centrifugal station
  • Pivoting the belts according to essentially vertical axes is to always ensure regular further transport from one pair of conveyor belts to the next pair of belts, even in the case of crates with successively different dimensions.
  • the Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the slingshot according to the invention with a single internal conveyor belt for the trays, without conveyor belts for the supply and removal of the trays, without protective and inspection flaps and without drainage and collecting plates for the water, with a tray with large dimensions with open, low ones Side walls in the waiting position and one in the centrifugal position, which is held between the lifting table and the hold-down device during the phase of introduction into the centrifugal cage.
  • FIG. 11 shows a sectional illustration in side view from the left, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 slingshot shown, according to a vertical sectional plane running through the axis of rotation of the sling cage.
  • the Fig. 2a shows the detail of the passage through the water tub with a movably suspended pivot frame for the crates raised in the direction of the centrifugal cage.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a side view of the centrifugal cage together with its motor, the hold-down device and the lifting table including arm and lifting mechanism and with a large crate with unfolded, lower side walls in the centrifugal position.
  • the Fig. 4 shows a side view of the centrifugal cage together with its motor, the hold-down device and the lifting table including arm and lifting mechanism and with a small crate with unfolded lower side walls in the centrifugal position.
  • the Fig. 5 shows the lifting table together with the lifting mechanism in plan view.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the FIG Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Slingshot shown with a pair of conveyor belts which acts laterally on the outer edges of the crates in waiting position and one Conveyor belt pair which acts laterally on the outer edges of the crate in the vertical position under the centrifugal cage.
  • the Fig. 7 shows a front view of a pair of conveyor belts installed in the centrifugal position, which acts laterally on the outer edge of the crate floor.
  • the Fig. 8 shows in plan view the in Fig. 7 illustrated pair of conveyor belts.
  • the centrifugal dryer according to the invention for crates Cs, Ci essentially consists of a frame 1 which is traversed by an inner horizontal conveyor belt 3 for the conveyance A of the crates Cs, Ci, of a centrifugal cage 2 with a vertical axis of rotation and of lifting / lowering and holding elements, in particular lifting table 4 and hold-down device 5, which act on the crate floor.
  • the crates are fed to the centrifuge by known conveyor belts and removed from it at the outlet.
  • a vertically acting 6v retainer 6v is provided at the point of transition from the outer feed conveyor belt to the inner conveyor belt 3.
  • the crates Cs, Ci assume a first waiting position B, in which any surveys can be carried out and crates unsuitable for the spinning can be ejected, bypassed or skipped.
  • the crates are thrown in a lifted position from the conveyor belt 3 by a slightly larger amount than the maximum height of the largest crate that can be thrown.
  • the raising and lowering of the crates Cs, Ci is carried out by the vertical movement V4 of a lifting table 4 which is freely rotatable 4r on an arm which protrudes from a carriage 4b which runs along vertical guides 4c and by means of a motor 4m above a Belt 4d is driven.
  • the invention does not exclude the drive of said lifting table by means of other mechanisms, for example toothed racks, or the hydraulic or pneumatic drive.
  • a hold-down device consisting of a pressure plate 5 and a ram 5a with a rack 5d is provided, on which a pinion 5e driven by the motor 4m acts.
  • the plunger 5a of the hold-down device is vertically displaceable V5 inside the shaft of the motor 2m which drives the centrifugal cage 2 R.
  • the invention does not exclude the drive of the vertical movement V5 of the said plunger 5a by means of various e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic actuation.
  • the pressure plate 5 is rotatably mounted at the lower end of the plunger 5a and is provided with a braking device 5g that can be controlled, for example, pneumatically.
  • the compressed air required for the braking device 5g is supplied from the pressure unit 5f via the hollow plunger 5d of the hold-down device.
  • the centrifugation can be carried out on crates Cs, Ci, within two limit dimensions, which are defined by the dimensions and the shape of the centrifugal cage 2, which consists of a horizontal base plate 2a which is rotatably driven R by the motor 2m, of which two rows of vertical rungs 2s, 2i protrude downwards, which correspond to the external dimensions of the bottom of the larger crates Cs that can be thrown or of the smaller crates Ci that can be thrown.
  • the centrifugal water is deflected by collecting plates which are attached to the side of the centrifugal cage 2 and taken up by an annular trough 7 below the centrifugal cage 2, which is provided with a drain 7a and by a trough 7b below the inner conveyor belt 3.
  • a lead-in frame 7d suspended by elastic or articulated elements 7e can be provided through which possibly also on the lifting table 4, e.g. slightly rotated or not precisely positioned, climbing easily into the above arranged centrifugal cage are initiated.
  • This lead-in frame 7d can be a closed frame or also consist of several sections that are elastically movable independently of one another.
  • the single inner conveyor belt 3 with belts spaced apart from one another can be replaced by two pairs of known conveyor belts 30, 31, which act laterally on the outer opposite edges of the bottoms of the crates Cs, Ci, so that the ejection is possible through elevations in the waiting station B as Defective, identified as geometrically unsuitable for centrifugation or with crates fed in with only partially open side walls.
  • the pair of conveyor belts 30 provided in waiting area B can be of the simpler type, which can be pivoted into a spread position in order to allow the crate to be ejected to fall freely vertically downwards, possibly being guided towards the reject collection area by means of a slide provided underneath.
  • the following pair of conveyor belts 31, which is arranged after said pair of conveyor belts 30, can according to the invention, in addition to the pivoting movement 31c in the spreading position on the part of the running 31b belts 31a, together with the running guides 31e including the drive motors 31m, for the purpose of vertical passage V4 of the lifting table 4, also a horizontal one Carry out adjustment movement 31d in order to enable the regular changeover of these from the first pair of belts 30 to the following pair of belts 31, even in the case of notable differences in the dimensions of the bases of the trays Cs, Ci.
  • these belts are of the type with elastic flaps which protrude obliquely in the direction of the tray floors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schleuder mit vertikaler Drehachse und horizontalem Transportband zum Trocknen einzelner Steigen unterschiedlicher Maße mit klappbaren oder starren Seitenwänden welche z.B. für den Transport von Obst und Gemüse verwendet werden.The invention relates to a centrifuge with a vertical axis of rotation and a horizontal conveyor belt for drying individual crates of different dimensions with hinged or rigid side walls which e.g. used for the transportation of fruits and vegetables.

Aus der EP 1191292 A1 des selben Antragstellers ist eine Schleuder mit vertikaler Drehachse zum Trocknen von, auf einer Palette gestapelten Steigen mit klappbaren Seitenwänden bekannt. Diese Zentrifuge mit hoher Leistung ist nur für große Waschanlagen geeignet und setzt eine effiziente Zuführ- und Abführanlage voraus.From the EP 1191292 A1 of the same applicant is known a centrifuge with a vertical axis of rotation for drying crates with hinged side walls stacked on a pallet. This high-performance centrifuge is only suitable for large washing systems and requires an efficient feed and discharge system.

Aus der EP 1154214 A1 ist eine Schleuder mit vertikaler Drehachse zum Trocknen gestapelter Steigen welche alle die selben Maße haben bekannt. Diese Zentrifuge ist nicht zum Trocknen von Steigen mit unterschiedlichen Maßen geeignet und benötigt eine Stapelvorrichtung am Einlauf. Die Steigen werden seitlich in einen seitlich zu öffnenden und verschließbaren Käfig eingeführt; diese Öffnungs- und Verschließfasen vor und nach dem Schleuderzyklus verlängern beachtlich den Produktionsablauf.From the EP 1154214 A1 is a centrifuge with a vertical axis of rotation for drying stacked crates which all have the same dimensions. This centrifuge is not suitable for drying crates with different dimensions and requires a stacking device at the inlet. The crates are inserted laterally into a cage that can be opened and closed at the side; these opening and closing bevels before and after the spin cycle considerably lengthen the production process.

Aus der JP 2004057909 (A ) ist eine Trockenschleuder für einzelne Paletten bekannt, dessen um eine vertikale Achse rotierender Schleuderkäfig bewegliche Klemmbacken für die Aufnahme der Palette aufweist. Der Klemmmechanismus ermöglicht das zentrierende Festklemmen der Palette welche mittels Hubtisch vertikal vom Förderband abgehoben und gegen die Grundplatte des Schleuderkäfigs gedrückt wird. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Klemmbacken sowie das Beschleunigen und Verlangsamen der Drehzahl des durch den Klemmmechanismus beschwerten Schleuderkäfigs bewirken relativ hohe Trockenzeiten.From the JP 2004057909 (A ) a dry centrifuge for individual pallets is known whose centrifugal cage rotating around a vertical axis has movable clamping jaws for receiving the pallet. The clamping mechanism enables the centering clamping of the pallet, which is lifted vertically from the conveyor belt by means of the lifting table and pressed against the base plate of the centrifugal cage. The opening and closing of the clamping jaws and the acceleration and deceleration of the speed of the The clamping mechanism weighed down on the centrifugal cage cause relatively long drying times.

Aus der JP 2008284413 (A ) ist eine automatische Wasch- und Trockenschleuder für Paletten bekannt. Der Schleuderkäfig dreht sich um eine vertikale Achse und die einzelnen Paletten werde durch einen Hubtisch von einem Förderband abgehoben und gegen die Grundplatte des Schleuderkäfigs gedrückt wo die Palette entweder durch Klemmbacken festgehalten wird oder zwischen unverstellbaren Anschlägen einrastet. Die weniger schwere Version ohne Klemmmechanismus ermöglicht zwar kürzere Zeiten für die Beschleunigung und Verlangsamung des Schleuderkäfigs und somit kürzere Trockenzeiten, das Einführen der Palette jedoch, zwischen den feststehenden Anschlägen kann öfters, trotz Einleitblechen an den Anschlägen, zum Kippen und/oder Verschieben der Palette führen, was eine Absenkung der Palette und eine Wiederholung des Anhebens oder sogar einen händischen Eingriff erfordert.From the JP 2008284413 (A ) an automatic washer-dryer for pallets is known. The centrifugal cage rotates around a vertical axis and the individual pallets are lifted from a conveyor belt by a lifting table and pressed against the base plate of the centrifugal cage where the pallet is either held by clamping jaws or snaps into place between non-adjustable stops. The less heavy version without a clamping mechanism allows shorter times for the acceleration and deceleration of the centrifugal cage and thus shorter drying times, but inserting the pallet between the fixed stops can often lead to the pallet tipping and / or shifting, despite the guide plates on the stops which requires lowering the pallet and repeating the lifting or even manual intervention.

Aus der JP 2006078121 A ist ein Trockenverfahren durch Zentrifugieren und die entsprechende Vorrichtung bekannt, welche einen gemäß einer vertikalen Achse drehbaren Schleuderkäfig aufweist welcher unten durch eine Auflageplatte verschlossen ist, gegen welche ein vertikal verstellbarer Niederhalter für das zu schleudernde Objekt wirkt. Das zu trocknende Objekt wird seitlich radial in den Schleuderkäfig mit Drehtisch eingeführt und während der Zentrifugierung durch den Niederhalter gegen die Auflageplatte gedrückt. Die Beschickungs- und Entladezeiten dieses Schleuderkäfigs samt den Beschleunigungs- und Abbremszeiten sind relativ hoch, zudem muss für die Beschickung und Entleerung der Schleuderkäfig in einer exakten Position gestoppt werden.
Aus der JP 07180957 A ist eine Trockenschleuder mit Vibrations-mechanismus bekannt in welcher ein oben offener, gemäß einer vertikalen Achse rotierender, Schleuderbehälter mit einem, innerhalb diesem Behälter vertikal beweglichen, Hubtisch versehen ist auf welchen ein Vibrationsmechanismus wirkt. Der Schleuderbehälter wird von oben beschickt und entleert. Diese Vorrichtung ist für das Trocknen von Kleinteilen geeignet, nicht jedoch von Steigen, welche während der Schleuderung festgehalten werden müssen.
Aus der US 4,134,215 ist ein Trockenverfahren bekannt in welchem eine Bremsvorrichtung für die Verringerung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit einer Trägervorrichtung für Eiertabletts vorgesehen ist. Die Beschickung und die Entnahme des zu trocknenden Objektes erfolgt von oben. Die rotierende Trägervorrichtung ist für die Trockenschleuderungen von Steigen ungeeignet da kein beweglicher Niederhalter zur Sicherung des zu trocknenden Objektes während der Zentrifugierung vorgesehen ist.From the JP 2006078121 A a drying process by centrifugation and the corresponding device is known which has a centrifugal cage which can be rotated along a vertical axis and which is closed at the bottom by a support plate against which a vertically adjustable hold-down for the object to be thrown acts. The object to be dried is introduced radially from the side into the centrifugal cage with turntable and pressed against the support plate by the hold-down during centrifugation. The loading and unloading times of this centrifugal cage, including the acceleration and deceleration times, are relatively high, and the centrifugal cage must be stopped in an exact position for loading and emptying.
From the JP 07180957 A a centrifugal dryer with a vibration mechanism is known in which a centrifugal container which is open at the top and rotates along a vertical axis is provided with a lifting table which is vertically movable within this container and on which a vibration mechanism acts. The centrifugal container is loaded and emptied from above. This device is for the drying of small parts is suitable, but not of crates that have to be held during the spinning.
From the U.S. 4,134,215 a drying method is known in which a braking device is provided for reducing the speed of rotation of a supporting device for egg trays. The object to be dried is loaded and removed from above. The rotating carrier device is unsuitable for centrifuging crates to dry as there is no movable hold-down device to secure the object to be dried during centrifugation.

Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe eine Trockenschleuder der vorgenannten Art zu schaffen, welche in der Lage ist eine wirksame Trocknung in extrem kurzer Zeit an einzelnen Steigen mit klappbaren Seitenwänden in geöffneter oder in verschlossener Position und an Steigen mit feststehenden Seitenwänden durchzuführen, wobei die einzeln zugeführten Steigen auch unterschiedliche Maße haben können.The object of the invention is to create a centrifugal dryer of the aforementioned type which is capable of effective drying in an extremely short time on individual trays with hinged side walls in the open or closed position and on trays with fixed side walls, the individually fed Rise can also have different dimensions.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine Trockenschleuder mit horizontalem Transportband vor welche, wegen der leichten Bauweise des Schleuderkäfigs ohne Klemm- und Einleitvorrichtungen, wegen der sicheren Halterung der Steigen während des Anhebens vom Förderband in Richtung Käfig und des erneuten Absenkens und Ablegens auf das Transportband und wegen teilweiser zeitlicher Überlagerungen der Bewegungsabläufe des Käfigs und der Manipulierungsorgane für die Steigen, es ermöglicht extrem kurze Trockenzeiten zu erreichen. Weiters ergeben sich erfindungsgemäß die extrem kurzen Trocknungszeiten auch dadurch dass, wegen der extremen Beschleunigungs- und Verlangsamungszeiten des Schleuderkäfigs, auf die Wasserpartikel, neben den radial wirkenden Zentrifugalkräften, auch tangentiale Kräfte wirksam werden.To solve this problem, the invention proposes a dry centrifuge with a horizontal conveyor belt which, because of the lightweight construction of the centrifugal cage without clamping and introducing devices, because of the secure holding of the crates while lifting from the conveyor belt in the direction of the cage and lowering and placing it again on the conveyor belt and because of the temporal overlapping of the movements of the cage and the manipulation organs for the crates, it enables extremely short drying times to be achieved. Furthermore, according to the invention, the extremely short drying times also result from the fact that, due to the extreme acceleration and deceleration times of the centrifugal cage, tangential forces also act on the water particles in addition to the radial centrifugal forces.

Die erfindungsgemäße Trockenschleuder besteht wesentlich aus einem um eine vertikale Achse rotierenden Schleuderkäfig welcher in einem Rahmen gelagert ist welcher horizontal von mindestens einem Förderband mit zwei parallelen, beabstandeten Riemen für den Transport der Steigen durchquert wird, wobei eine Wartestation, einer Schleuderstation, mit Auffangbecken für das Wasser und mit Türen für die Inspektion und die Sicherheit, vorgesehen sind.
Um den Ablauf des Schleuderns zu beschleunigen wird die auf bekannte Weise zugeführte Steige vom horizontalen bekannten, sich kontinuierlich bewegenden, Zuführ-Transportband, mittels eines horizontalen, intermittiernd und schneller laufenden Transportband der Schleuderstation übernommen, um eine Beabstandung zwischen der übernommenen Steige und den herangeführten Steigen zu erreichen, so dass ein von unten wirkender Rückhalter agieren kann welcher die Reihe der, auf dem horizontalen Zuführ-Transportband herangeführten, Steigen zurückhaltet.The centrifugal dryer according to the invention essentially consists of a centrifugal cage rotating around a vertical axis which is mounted in a frame which is supported horizontally by at least one conveyor belt with two parallel, spaced belts for the transport of the crates is traversed, with a waiting station, a centrifugal station, with catch basins for the water and with doors for inspection and safety are provided.
In order to accelerate the spinning process, the crate, which is fed in in a known manner, is taken over by the known horizontal, continuously moving feed conveyor belt, by means of a horizontal, intermittent and faster-running conveyor belt of the spinning station, in order to create a spacing between the crate taken over and the crates brought up to achieve, so that a retainer acting from below can act, which holds back the row of crates brought up on the horizontal feed conveyor belt.

Die erste zugeführte Steige wird, zwecks eventueller Erhebung der Maße, des Modells, eventueller Defekte und/oder der offenen oder geschlossenen Position der Seitenwände, in einer Warteposition gestoppt. Im Fall der Feststellung von Mängel, teilweise geöffneter oder geschlossener Seitenwände oder von Maßen oder Modellen welche nicht für die Schleuderung vorgesehen sind, wird die Steige ausgeworfen. Im Fall einer Steige welche zu den schleuderbaren Modellen zählt, ohne Defekte ist und deren Seitenwände alle offen oder geschlossen sind, wird die Steige vom Transportband horizontal in die Schleuderposition weitertransportiert.The first tray fed in is stopped in a waiting position for the purpose of ascertaining the dimensions, the model, any defects and / or the open or closed position of the side walls. If defects are found, partially open or closed side walls or dimensions or models that are not intended for centrifugation, the crate will be thrown out. In the case of a crate which is one of the models that can be thrown, is without defects and whose side walls are all open or closed, the crate is transported horizontally by the conveyor belt into the centrifugal position.

In der Schleuderposition ist, über dem Transportband, ein doppelter rotierender Schleuderkäfig vorgesehen, welcher aus einer horizontalen Grundplatte besteht von welcher mehrere vertikale Sprossen nach unten abstehen. Eine Reihe dieser Sprossen ist, entsprechend der Maße der Steigen, gemäß der größten Außenmaßen des Steigenbodens angeordnet, während eine zweite Reihe von Sprossen innerhalb der ersten Sprossen und entsprechend der Außenmaße des Bodens der kleinen Steigen angeordnet ist. Dieser Doppelkäfig der Schleuder ist um eine vertikale Achse drehbar am Rahmen gelagert und wird von einem darüber angeordneten Motor über eine Hohlwelle angetrieben, innerhalb welcher der Stößel eines Niederhalters gelagert ist welcher axial mittels Motor mit Ritzel welches in eine, am Stößel vorgesehene, Zahnstange eingreift, betätigt wird; es wird eine Betätigung des Niederhalters, z.B. pneumatisch, nicht ausgeschlossen. Am unteren Ende des Niederhalters ist eine drehbar gelagerte Gegendruckplatte vorgesehen welche, z.B. pneumatisch, blockiert werden kann. Es wird nicht ausgeschlossen, dass die Gegendruckplatte am Stößel fest verbunden ist und der Stößel drehbar gelagert ist und mit einer Bremse versehen ist. In einer Position unterhalb des Schleuderkäfigs, vertikal unter dem besagten Niederhalter, ist ein über einen Arm vertikal von einer Position unter dem Förderband in eine Position innerhalb des Schleuderkäfigs, gegen die Grundplatte des besagten Käfigs, bewegbarer Hubtisch vorgesehen. Dieser Hubtisch ist frei drehbar am besagten Hebearm gelagert und kann eventuell mit Bremse versehen sein.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schleuderverfahren läuft gemäß den folgenden Verfahrensschritten ab:

  • noch bevor die vom horizontalen Förderband herangeführte zu schleudernde Steige die Position senkrecht unter dem Schleuderkäfig einnimmt, wird bereits begonnen den Niederhalter abzusenken und wird der Hubtisch aus seiner tiefer liegenden Ausgangsposition nach oben beschleunigt, so dass bei Erreichen der Position senkrecht unter dem Schleuderkäfig seitens der Steige, der Hubtisch und auch der Niederhalter, in gegen Rotation gebremstem Zustand, den Steigenboden erreicht;
  • anschließend wird die Steige durch den Hubtisch vom Förderband abgehoben und in den Schleuderkäfig eingeführt, der Steigenboden ist dabei durch die gebremste Gegenplatte des Niederhalters, bzw. durch den gebremsten Hubtisch, in seiner Position auf dem Hubtisch gegen Verdrehen oder/und Kippen gesichert;
  • bevor die Steige ihre endgültige Position innerhalb des Schleuderkäfigs erreicht hat, wird die Rotation der Gegendruckplatte des Niederhalters, bzw. des Hubtisches, freigegeben oder hebt der Niederhalter vom Steigenboden ab und der Käfig beginnt sich zu drehen und somit die Steige zu beschleunigen;
  • nach Erreichen der endgültigen Position der Steige im Schleuderkäfig und nach Erreichen der maximalen Schleuderdrehzahl und Schleuderzeit wird der Schleuderkäfig gebremst und, noch bevor dieser zum Stillstand kommt, wird der Hubtisch samt Steige und Niederhalter abgesenkt;
  • sobald die Steige den inzwischen gestoppten Käfig verlassen hat, wird sie in Richtung Förderband weiter abgesenkt, dabei ist die Gegendruckplatte des Niederhalters, bzw. der Hubtisch, gegen Drehung blockiert, um ein Verdrehen der Steige zu verhindern;
  • sobald die Steige das horizontale Transportband erreicht hat und der Hubtisch sowie der Niederhalter in Richtung Ausgangsposition bewegt worden sind, wird diese aus der Maschine entfernt, während der Hubtisch und der Niederhalter ihre Ausgangsposition erreichen und die nächste Steige aus der Warteposition herangeführt wird.
In the spinning position, a double rotating spinning cage is provided above the conveyor belt, which consists of a horizontal base plate from which several vertical rungs protrude downwards. A row of these rungs is arranged, according to the dimensions of the crates, according to the largest external dimensions of the tray floor, while a second row of rungs is arranged within the first rungs and according to the external dimensions of the bottom of the small crates. This double cage of the centrifuge is rotatably mounted on the frame about a vertical axis and is driven by a motor arranged above it via a hollow shaft, within which the plunger of a hold-down device is mounted which is axially supported by a motor with a pinion which engages in a rack provided on the ram, is actuated; actuation of the hold-down device, for example pneumatically, is not excluded. At the lower end of the hold-down a rotatably mounted counter pressure plate is provided which can be blocked, for example pneumatically. It is not excluded that the counter-pressure plate is firmly connected to the ram and the ram is rotatably mounted and is provided with a brake. In a position below the centrifugal cage, vertically under said hold-down device, a lifting table is provided which can be moved vertically via an arm from a position under the conveyor belt to a position within the centrifugal cage, against the base plate of said cage. This lifting table is freely rotatable on said lifting arm and can possibly be provided with a brake.
The centrifugal process according to the invention runs according to the following process steps:
  • Even before the crate to be thrown brought up by the horizontal conveyor belt takes the position vertically under the centrifugal cage, the hold-down device is already started to lower and the lifting table is accelerated upwards from its lower-lying starting position, so that when it reaches the position vertically under the centrifugal cage on the part of the crate , the lifting table and also the hold-down device, in the state braked against rotation, reaches the crate floor;
  • then the crate is lifted off the conveyor belt by the lifting table and inserted into the centrifugal cage, the base of the crate is secured in its position on the lifting table against twisting and / or tilting by the braked counter plate of the hold-down device or by the braked lifting table;
  • before the crate has reached its final position within the centrifugal cage, the rotation of the counter pressure plate of the hold-down device or the lifting table is released or the hold-down device lifts off the bottom of the tray and the cage begins to rotate and thus accelerate the crate;
  • after reaching the final position of the crate in the centrifuge cage and after reaching the maximum spin speed and spin time the centrifugal cage is braked and, before it comes to a standstill, the lifting table, including the crate and hold-down device, is lowered;
  • as soon as the crate has left the cage, which has now stopped, it is lowered further in the direction of the conveyor belt, while the counterpressure plate of the hold-down device or the lifting table is blocked against rotation in order to prevent the crate from twisting;
  • As soon as the crate has reached the horizontal conveyor belt and the lifting table and the hold-down device have been moved towards the starting position, it is removed from the machine while the lifting table and hold-down device reach their starting position and the next tray is brought up from the waiting position.

Die Praxis hat gezeigt dass, zwecks problemlosem Überführen der Steigen vom Förderband in den Schleuderkäfig, die Steige gegen Verdrehen und/oder gegen Kippen gesichert werden muss, dies erfolgt erfindungsgemäß, wie oben beschrieben, durch den Niederhalter mit bremsbarer Gegendruckplatte, bzw. durch Bremsen des Hubtisches.
Um Betriebsstörungen auch im Fall kleinerer Verdrehungen oder nicht exakter Positionierungen der Steige auf der Strecke zwischen Förderband und Schleuderkäfig, auszuschließen schlägt die Erfindung vor, am Durchlass der Wasserwanne welche das Schleuderwasser unterhalb des Schleuderkäfigs sammelt einen elastisch oder gelenkig aufgehängten Einleitrahmen vorzusehen welcher das Durchschleusen auch von Steigen mit ungenauer Positionierung ermöglicht, bzw. deren problemloses Einschieben in den Schleuderkäfig sichert. Dieser Einleitrahmen kann erfindungsgemäß auch durch einzelne Einleitsegmente ersetzt werden.
Die Erfindung schließt nicht aus, dass der Schleuderkäfig mittels einem Motor betätigt wird dessen Welle zur Rotationsachse des Käfigs versetzt ist, in diesem Fall ist natürlich der vertikal bewegbare Niederhalter koaxial im Innern der rotierenden Welle des Käfigs gelagert.Practice has shown that for the purpose of easily transferring the crates from the conveyor belt into the centrifugal cage, the crate must be secured against twisting and / or tilting, this is done according to the invention, as described above, by the hold-down device with a brakable counter-pressure plate or by braking the Lifting tables.
In order to rule out operational disruptions even in the event of minor twisting or inaccurate positioning of the crate on the route between the conveyor belt and the centrifugal cage, the invention proposes to provide an elastically or articulated inlet frame at the passage of the water tub which collects the centrifugal water below the centrifugal cage, which can also pass through Climbing with imprecise positioning enables or secures its easy insertion into the centrifugal cage. According to the invention, this lead-in frame can also be replaced by individual lead-in segments.
The invention does not exclude that the centrifugal cage is operated by means of a motor whose shaft is offset to the axis of rotation of the cage, in this case, of course, the vertically movable hold-down device is mounted coaxially inside the rotating shaft of the cage.

Gemäß einer erfinderischen Weiterentwicklung kann die Trockenschleuder mit zwei bekannten Transportbandpaaren ausgestattet sein welche seitlich auf den Bodenrand wirken indem sie diesen durch Gegendruck halten; ein erstes Paar ist im Bereich der Warteposition und ein zweites Paar in der Position der Schleuder angeordnet. In diesem Fall ermöglichen die besagten Transportbandpaare, infolge der Feststellung von Defekten, von geometrischen Anomalien oder von teilweise geöffneten oder geschlossenen Seitenwänden, das Ausscheiden der Steige in der Wartestation, durch Fall nach unten. Vorteilhafterweise ist in diesem Fall das erste Transportbänderpaar welches in der Wartestation vorgesehen ist von einfacher Art mit Anpassung an die Maße des Steigenbodens, während das zweite Transportbänderpaar, welches in der Schleuderstation vorgesehen ist, von der Art mit Anpassung an die Maße des Steigenbodens mit Anpassung durch Schwenken der Bänder gemäß wesentlich vertikaler Achsen ist, um auch im Fall von Steigen mit aufeinander folgenden unterschiedlichen Maßen, immer einen regulären Weitertransport von einem Transportbänderpaar zum folgenden Bänderpaar zu sichern.
Insbesondere im Fall von Transportbänderpaaren welche seitlich am Steigenboden agieren besteht der Vorteil, dass eventuell ein Hubtisch mit größeren Maßen eingesetzt werden kann, welcher wesentlich den Maßen des Bodens der größeren Steigen entsprechen um während der Schleuderphase den Druck auf die Steigen auf jenen Bereich am Boden wirken zu lassen, wo die Seitenwände vorgesehen sind, ohne den Steigenboden zu sehr zu belasten. Im Fall des rotierend gelagerten Niederhalters, ist es möglich die Rotation des Käfigs, insbesondere die Phase der Beschleunigung der Rotation, vor der Einnahme der Position der vollständigen Einführung der Steige in den Schleuderkäfig, zu beginnen, wodurch eine merkbare Verkürzung der Trocknungszeit erreichbar ist.According to an inventive further development, the spin dryer can be equipped with two known pairs of conveyor belts which act laterally on the edge of the floor by holding it with counter pressure; a first pair is arranged in the area of the waiting position and a second pair in the position of the slingshot. In this case, following the detection of defects, of geometric anomalies or of partially opened or closed side walls, the said pairs of conveyor belts allow the crates to drop out of the waiting station by falling. In this case, the first pair of conveyor belts provided in the waiting station is advantageously of a simple type with adaptation to the dimensions of the tray floor, while the second pair of conveyor belts, which is provided in the centrifugal station, is of the type adapted to the dimensions of the tray floor with adaptation by Pivoting the belts according to essentially vertical axes is to always ensure regular further transport from one pair of conveyor belts to the next pair of belts, even in the case of crates with successively different dimensions.
Particularly in the case of pairs of conveyor belts which operate on the side of the crate floor, there is the advantage that a lifting table with larger dimensions can be used, which essentially corresponds to the dimensions of the floor of the larger crates so that the pressure on the crates acts on that area on the floor during the centrifugal phase to leave where the side walls are intended without putting too much strain on the crate floor. In the case of the rotating hold-down device, it is possible to start the rotation of the cage, in particular the phase of acceleration of the rotation, before the position of the complete introduction of the crate into the centrifugal cage, whereby a noticeable reduction in the drying time can be achieved.

Die Erfindung wird anhand zweier in den beigelegten Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellter, vorzuziehender Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Schleuder zum Trocknen von Steigen näher erklärt, dabei erfüllen die Zeichnungen rein erklärenden, nicht begrenzenden Zweck.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to two preferred exemplary embodiments of the centrifuge according to the invention for drying crates, shown schematically in the accompanying drawings, the drawings serve a purely explanatory, non-limiting purpose.

Die Fig. 1 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schleuder mit einzigem internem Förderband für die Steigen, ohne Transportbänder für die Zu- und Abführung der Steigen, ohne Schutz- und Inspektionsklappen und ohne Ableit- und Sammelbleche fürs Wasser, mit einer Steige mit großen Abmaßen mit offenen, niederen Seitenwänden in Warteposition und einer in Schleuderposition, welche zwischen Hubtisch und Niederhalter, während der Phase der Einführung in den Schleuderkäfig, festgehalten wird.The Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the slingshot according to the invention with a single internal conveyor belt for the trays, without conveyor belts for the supply and removal of the trays, without protective and inspection flaps and without drainage and collecting plates for the water, with a tray with large dimensions with open, low ones Side walls in the waiting position and one in the centrifugal position, which is held between the lifting table and the hold-down device during the phase of introduction into the centrifugal cage.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung in Seitenansicht von links, der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Schleuder, gemäß einer durch die Rotationsachse des Schleuderkäfigs verlaufende vertikale Schnittebene.The Fig. 2 FIG. 11 shows a sectional illustration in side view from the left, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 slingshot shown, according to a vertical sectional plane running through the axis of rotation of the sling cage.

Die Fig. 2a zeigt das Detail des Durchlasses durch die Wasserwanne mit beweglich aufgehängtem Einlenkrahmen für die in Richtung Schleuderkäfig angehobenen Steigen.The Fig. 2a shows the detail of the passage through the water tub with a movably suspended pivot frame for the crates raised in the direction of the centrifugal cage.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt in Seitenansicht den Schleuderkäfig zusammen mit seinem Motor, dem Niederhalter und dem Hubtisch samt Arm und Hebemechanismus und mit einer großen Steige mit aufgeklappten, niederen Seitenwänden in Schleuderposition.The Fig. 3 shows a side view of the centrifugal cage together with its motor, the hold-down device and the lifting table including arm and lifting mechanism and with a large crate with unfolded, lower side walls in the centrifugal position.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt in Seitenansicht den Schleuderkäfig zusammen mit seinem Motor, dem Niederhalterund dem Hubtisch samt Arm und Hebemechanismus und mit einer kleinen Steige mit aufgeklappten niederen Seitenwänden in Schleuderposition.The Fig. 4 shows a side view of the centrifugal cage together with its motor, the hold-down device and the lifting table including arm and lifting mechanism and with a small crate with unfolded lower side walls in the centrifugal position.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt in Draufsicht den Hubtisch zusammen mit dem Hebemechanismus.The Fig. 5 shows the lifting table together with the lifting mechanism in plan view.

Die Fig. 6 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung der in den Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 gezeigten Schleuder mit einem Transportbänderpaar welches seitlich auf die äußeren Ränder der Steigen in Warteposition wirkt und einem Transportbänderpaar welches seitlich auf die äußeren Ränder der Steigen in Position vertikal unterm Schleuderkäfig wirkt.The Fig. 6 FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the FIG Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Slingshot shown with a pair of conveyor belts which acts laterally on the outer edges of the crates in waiting position and one Conveyor belt pair which acts laterally on the outer edges of the crate in the vertical position under the centrifugal cage.

Die Fig. 7 zeigt in Vorderansicht ein in Schleuderposition installiertes Transportbänderpaar welches seitlich auf den äußern Rand des Steigenbodens wirkt.The Fig. 7 shows a front view of a pair of conveyor belts installed in the centrifugal position, which acts laterally on the outer edge of the crate floor.

Die Fig. 8 zeigt in Draufsicht das in Fig. 7 dargestellte Transportbänderpaar.The Fig. 8 shows in plan view the in Fig. 7 illustrated pair of conveyor belts.

Die erfindungsgemäße Trockenschleuder für Steigen Cs, Ci besteht wesentlich aus einem Rahmen 1 welcher von einem inneren horizontalen Transportband 3 für die Förderung A der Steigen Cs, Ci durchquert wird, aus einem Schleuderkäfig 2 mit vertikaler Rotationsachse und aus Hebe-/Absenk- und Halteorgane, insbesondere Hubtisch 4 und Niederhalter 5, welche auf den Steigenboden wirken. Die Steigen werden durch bekannte Förderbänder der Schleuder zugeführt und am Auslauf von dieser abgeführt. An der Stelle des Überganges vom äußeren Zuführtransportband zum inneren Förderband 3 ist ein vertikal wirkender 6v Rückhalter 6v vorgesehen. Dadurch dass das innere Förderband 3 mit größerer Geschwindigkeit läuft als jene des äußeren Zuführförderbandes, wird zwischen der vom Förderband 3 übernommenen Steige und der folgenden, auf dem äußeren Zuführförderband herangeführten Steige, ein Zwischenabstand geschaffen in welchen sich der Rückhalter 6 einfügt 6a und damit die herangeführten Steigen blockiert. Innerhalb der Schleuder nehmen die Steigen Cs, Ci eine erste Warteposition B ein, in welcher eventuelle Erhebungen durchgeführt werden können und für die Schleuderung ungeeignete Steigen ein eventueller Ausstoß, eine Umführung oder ein Überspringen erfolgen kann. In der folgenden Position D werden die Steigen in einer vom Förderband 3, um ein leicht größeres Maß als die maximale Höhe der größten schleuderbaren Steige, abgehobenen Position geschleudert. Das Anheben und Absenken der Steigen Cs, Ci erfolgt durch die vertikale Bewegung V4 eines Hubtisches 4 welcher frei drehbar 4r auf einem Arm gelagert ist welcher von einem Wagen 4b absteht welcher längs vertikalen Führungen 4c läuft und mittels Motor 4m über einem Riemen 4d angetrieben wird. Die Erfindung schließt den Antrieb des besagten Hubtisches mittels anderer Mechanismen, z.B. Zahnstangen, oder den hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Antrieb nicht aus. In Gegenposition zum besagten Hubtisch 4 ist ein Niederhalter, bestehend aus einer Druckplatte 5 und einem Stößel 5a mit Zahnstange 5d vorgesehen, auf welche ein vom Motor 4m angetriebenes Ritzel 5e wirkt. Der Stößel 5a des Niederhalters ist vertikal verschiebbar V5 im Innern der Welle des Motors 2m gelagert welcher den Schleuderkäfig 2 antreibt R. Die Erfindung schließt den Antrieb der vertikalen Bewegung V5 des besagten Stößels 5a mittels verschiedener z.B. hydraulisch oder pneumatischer Betätigung, nicht aus. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Druckplatte 5 am unteren Ende des Stößels 5a drehbar gelagert und mit einer z.B. pneumatisch steuerbaren, Bremsvorrichtung 5g versehen. In diesem Fall wird die für die Bremsvorrichtung 5g nötige Druckluft vom Druckaggregat 5f über den hohlen Stößel 5d des Niederhalters zugeführt.The centrifugal dryer according to the invention for crates Cs, Ci essentially consists of a frame 1 which is traversed by an inner horizontal conveyor belt 3 for the conveyance A of the crates Cs, Ci, of a centrifugal cage 2 with a vertical axis of rotation and of lifting / lowering and holding elements, in particular lifting table 4 and hold-down device 5, which act on the crate floor. The crates are fed to the centrifuge by known conveyor belts and removed from it at the outlet. At the point of transition from the outer feed conveyor belt to the inner conveyor belt 3, a vertically acting 6v retainer 6v is provided. Because the inner conveyor belt 3 runs at a higher speed than that of the outer feed conveyor belt, an intermediate distance is created between the crate taken over from the conveyor belt 3 and the following crate brought up on the outer feed conveyor belt, in which the retainer 6 is inserted 6a and thus the ones brought up Climb blocked. Within the sling, the crates Cs, Ci assume a first waiting position B, in which any surveys can be carried out and crates unsuitable for the spinning can be ejected, bypassed or skipped. In the following position D, the crates are thrown in a lifted position from the conveyor belt 3 by a slightly larger amount than the maximum height of the largest crate that can be thrown. The raising and lowering of the crates Cs, Ci is carried out by the vertical movement V4 of a lifting table 4 which is freely rotatable 4r on an arm which protrudes from a carriage 4b which runs along vertical guides 4c and by means of a motor 4m above a Belt 4d is driven. The invention does not exclude the drive of said lifting table by means of other mechanisms, for example toothed racks, or the hydraulic or pneumatic drive. In the opposite position to the said lifting table 4, a hold-down device consisting of a pressure plate 5 and a ram 5a with a rack 5d is provided, on which a pinion 5e driven by the motor 4m acts. The plunger 5a of the hold-down device is vertically displaceable V5 inside the shaft of the motor 2m which drives the centrifugal cage 2 R. The invention does not exclude the drive of the vertical movement V5 of the said plunger 5a by means of various e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic actuation. According to the invention, the pressure plate 5 is rotatably mounted at the lower end of the plunger 5a and is provided with a braking device 5g that can be controlled, for example, pneumatically. In this case, the compressed air required for the braking device 5g is supplied from the pressure unit 5f via the hollow plunger 5d of the hold-down device.

Die Schleuderung kann an Steigen Cs, Ci, innerhalb zweier Grenzmaße durchgeführt werden, welche von den Maßen und der Form des Schleuderkäfigs 2 definiert sind, welcher aus einer horizontalen Grundplatte 2a besteht welche drehbar R vom Motor 2m angetrieben ist, von welcher zwei Reihen vertikaler Sprossen 2s, 2i nach unten abstehen, welche den Außenmaßen des Bodens der größeren schleuderbaren Steigen Cs, bzw. der kleineren schleuderbaren Steigen Ci, entsprechen.
Das Schleuderwasser wird durch Sammelbleche welche seitlich am Schleuderkäfig 2 angebracht sind abgelenkt und von einer Ringwanne 7 unterhalb des Schleuderkäfigs 2, welche mit einem Abfluss 7a versehen ist und von einer Wanne 7b unterhalb des inneren Transportbandes 3, aufgenommen.The centrifugation can be carried out on crates Cs, Ci, within two limit dimensions, which are defined by the dimensions and the shape of the centrifugal cage 2, which consists of a horizontal base plate 2a which is rotatably driven R by the motor 2m, of which two rows of vertical rungs 2s, 2i protrude downwards, which correspond to the external dimensions of the bottom of the larger crates Cs that can be thrown or of the smaller crates Ci that can be thrown.
The centrifugal water is deflected by collecting plates which are attached to the side of the centrifugal cage 2 and taken up by an annular trough 7 below the centrifugal cage 2, which is provided with a drain 7a and by a trough 7b below the inner conveyor belt 3.

Erfindungsgemäß kann, unterhalb des freien Durchlasses 7c an der Ringwanne 7 für die vertikale Durchführung der Steigen Cs, Ci in Richtung Schleuderkäfig 2, ein durch elastische oder gelenkige Elemente 7e aufgehängter Einleitrahmen 7d vorgesehen sein durch welchen eventuell auch auf dem Hubtisch 4, z.B. leicht verdrehte oder nicht präzise positionierte, Steigen problemlos in den darüber angeordneten Schleuderkäfig eingeleitet werden. Dieser Einleitrahmen 7d kann ein geschlossener Rahmen sein oder auch aus mehreren voneinander unabhängig elastisch beweglichen Abschnitten bestehen.According to the invention, below the free passage 7c on the annular trough 7 for the vertical passage of the crates Cs, Ci in the direction of the centrifugal cage 2, a lead-in frame 7d suspended by elastic or articulated elements 7e can be provided through which possibly also on the lifting table 4, e.g. slightly rotated or not precisely positioned, climbing easily into the above arranged centrifugal cage are initiated. This lead-in frame 7d can be a closed frame or also consist of several sections that are elastically movable independently of one another.

Gemäß einer erfinderischen Weiterentwicklung kann das einzige innere Transportband 3 mit zueinander beabstandeten Riemen durch zwei Paare bekannter, seitlich auf die äußeren gegenüberliegenden Ränder der Böden der Steigen Cs, Ci wirkende Transportbänder 30, 31 ersetzt werden um den Auswurf eventueller durch Erhebungen in der Wartestation B als schadhaft, als geometrisch für die Zentrifugierung ungeeignet oder mit nur teilweise geöffneten Seitenwänden zugeführten Steigen erkannt werden. Das im Wartebereich B vorgesehene Transportbänderpaar 30 kann von der einfacheren Art sein welches in eine Spreizposition schwenkbar ist um die auszustoßende Steige frei vertikal nach unten durchfallen zu lassen, wobei diese eventuell mittels darunter vorgesehener Rutsche in Richtung Ausschuss-Sammelbereich geführt wird. Das folgende Transportbänderpaar 31 welches nach dem besagten Transportbänderpaar 30 angeordnet ist, kann erfindungsgemäß, außer der Schwenkbewegung 31c in Spreizposition seitens der laufenden 31b Bänder 31a, zusammen mit den Laufführungen 31e samt den Antriebsmotoren 31m, zwecks vertikalem Durchführen V4 des Hubtisches 4, auch eine horizontale Anpassungsbewegung 31d ausführen um, auch im Fall bemerkenswerter Unterschiede betreffend die Maße der Böden der Steigen Cs, Ci, das reguläre Überwechseln dieser vom ersten Bänderpaar 30 auf das folgende Bänderpaar 31 zu ermöglichen.According to an inventive further development, the single inner conveyor belt 3 with belts spaced apart from one another can be replaced by two pairs of known conveyor belts 30, 31, which act laterally on the outer opposite edges of the bottoms of the crates Cs, Ci, so that the ejection is possible through elevations in the waiting station B as Defective, identified as geometrically unsuitable for centrifugation or with crates fed in with only partially open side walls. The pair of conveyor belts 30 provided in waiting area B can be of the simpler type, which can be pivoted into a spread position in order to allow the crate to be ejected to fall freely vertically downwards, possibly being guided towards the reject collection area by means of a slide provided underneath. The following pair of conveyor belts 31, which is arranged after said pair of conveyor belts 30, can according to the invention, in addition to the pivoting movement 31c in the spreading position on the part of the running 31b belts 31a, together with the running guides 31e including the drive motors 31m, for the purpose of vertical passage V4 of the lifting table 4, also a horizontal one Carry out adjustment movement 31d in order to enable the regular changeover of these from the first pair of belts 30 to the following pair of belts 31, even in the case of notable differences in the dimensions of the bases of the trays Cs, Ci.

Vorteilhafterweise sind, um eine teilweise elastische Anpassung der Bänder der besagten Transportbänderpaare 30, 31 an die Maßveränderungen der Böden der durchlaufenden Steigen Cs, Ci zu erreichen, diese Bänder von der Art mit elastischen Lappen welche schräg in Richtung der Steigenböden abstehen.Advantageously, in order to achieve a partially elastic adaptation of the belts of the said pairs of conveyor belts 30, 31 to the dimensional changes in the floors of the trays Cs, Ci passing through, these belts are of the type with elastic flaps which protrude obliquely in the direction of the tray floors.

Um zu erreichen, dass die Schleuderzeiten samt Beladen und Entladen des Schleuderkäfigs extrem kurz sind, laufen die einzelnen Arbeitsphasen erfindungsgemäß in folgender Reihenfolge ab:

  • das Förderband 3 läuft in Richtung A um die Steige Cs in die Position vertikal unter dem Schleuderkäfig 2 zu bringen;
  • bevor die Steige Cs obgenannte Position erreicht, beginnt bereits die Absenkung V5 des Niederhalters 5 und auch das Anheben V4 des Hubtisches 4;
  • sobald die Steige Cs die genannte Position unter dem Schleuderkäfig erreicht hat und das Transportband 3 gestoppt ist, hat der Hubtisch 4 den Steigenboden von unten erreicht und der Niederhalter 5 wird von oben bis auf Kontakt mit diesem herangeführt, die Gegendruckplatte des Niederhalters, bzw. der Hubtisch, ist dabei gegen Verdrehen blockiert um ein Verdrehen der Steige während des folgenden Abhebens vom Transportband zu verhindern;
  • anschließend wird die Steige Cs durch den Hubtisch 4 und gegen den Niederhalter 5 vom Transportband 3 in Richtung Schleuderkäfig 2 abgehoben V4, durch den Einleitrahmen 7d geschleust und in den Käfig 2 eingeführt;
  • bevor die Steige Cs die endgültige Position innerhalb des Käfigs 2 erreicht, wird der Niederhalter 5 vom Steigenboden abgehoben, bzw. wird dessen Rotation (bzw. die Rotation des Hubtisches) freigegeben und beginnt bereits die Rotation R des Schleuderkäfigs 2,
  • nach Erreichen der endgültigen Position der Steige Cs, Ci im Käfig 2, nach Erreichen der maximalen Schleuderdrehzahl und Schleuderzeit, wird der Käfig 2 gebremst und noch bevor dieser zum Stillstand kommt wird der Niederhalter 5 mit frei drehbarer Gegendruckplatte aktiviert um die Steige, zusammen mit dem nach unten bewegten Hubtisch, teilweise aus den (noch rotierenden) Käfig 2 zu drücken;
  • sobald die Steige den inzwischen in Ausfahrposition gestoppten Käfig verlässt, wird sie auf das Förderband 3 abgelegt, dabei ist die Gegendruckplatte des Niederhalters 5, bzw. der Hubtisch 4, gestoppt um ein Verdrehen der Steige zu verhindern;
  • sobald die Steige das Transportband 3, 31 erreicht hat und nachdem der Niederhalter und der Hubtisch vom Steigenboden abgehoben, bzw. abgesenkt worden sind, wird diese durch das Transportband 3, 31 aus der Maschine befördert, während der Hubtisch 4 und der Niederhalter 5 ihre Ausgangspositionen erreichen und die nächste Steige für die Schleuderung aus der Warteposition B herangeführt wird.
In order to ensure that the spin times, including loading and unloading of the spin cage, are extremely short, the individual work phases take place according to the invention in the following order:
  • the conveyor belt 3 runs in direction A to bring the crate Cs into the position vertically under the centrifugal cage 2;
  • before the crate Cs reaches the above-mentioned position, the lowering V5 of the hold-down device 5 and also the lifting V4 of the lifting table 4 begin;
  • As soon as the crate Cs has reached the named position under the centrifugal cage and the conveyor belt 3 is stopped, the lifting table 4 has reached the crate floor from below and the hold-down device 5 is brought up to contact with this from above, the counter pressure plate of the hold-down device or the Lifting table, is blocked against turning in order to prevent the crate from turning during the subsequent lifting off the conveyor belt;
  • then the crate Cs is lifted V4 by the lifting table 4 and against the hold-down device 5 from the conveyor belt 3 in the direction of the centrifugal cage 2, passed through the lead-in frame 7d and introduced into the cage 2;
  • Before the crate Cs reaches the final position within the cage 2, the hold-down device 5 is lifted from the crate floor, or its rotation (or the rotation of the lifting table) is released and the rotation R of the centrifugal cage 2 begins.
  • After reaching the final position of the crate Cs, Ci in cage 2, after reaching the maximum spin speed and spin time, the cage 2 is braked and before it comes to a standstill, the hold-down device 5 with a freely rotatable counter-pressure plate is activated around the crate, together with the lift table moved downwards, partially to be pushed out of the (still rotating) cage 2;
  • as soon as the crate leaves the cage, which has meanwhile been stopped in the extended position, it is placed on the conveyor belt 3; Counter-pressure plate of the hold-down device 5, or the lifting table 4, stopped to prevent the crate from rotating;
  • As soon as the crate has reached the conveyor belt 3, 31 and after the hold-down device and the lifting table have been lifted or lowered from the tray floor, it is transported out of the machine by the conveyor belt 3, 31, while the lifting table 4 and the hold-down device 5 are in their starting positions and the next crate for spinning is brought up from waiting position B.

Die zeitlichen Überschneidungen der obgenannten Arbeitsphasen der einzelnen auf die Steige wirkenden Maschinenteile insbesondere während der Beschleunigungs- und Verzögerungsphasen ermöglichen es die Produktivität der Maschine entscheidend zu erhöhen.The overlapping of the above work phases of the individual machine parts acting on the crate, especially during the acceleration and deceleration phases, make it possible to increase the productivity of the machine significantly.

Claims (10)

  1. A centrifugal dryer for crates (Cs, Ci), comprising: a horizontal conveyor belt (3, 31) for moving the crates (Cs, Ci) by way of said conveyor belt (3, 31) towards a centrifuging station (D); a centrifuging station (D) having a centrifuging cage (2), which rotates about a vertical axis, and a rotating lifting table (4), which is vertically movable and acts along the axis of rotation of the cage, characterized in that a holding-down device, consisting of a plunger (5a) and a rotatably mounted counterpressure plate (5), is mounted within the centrifugal cage (2), coaxial to the axis of rotation thereof and in such a way as to be axially movable (V5), and in that the rotation of the holding-down device and/or that of the lifting table (4) can be blocked by a brake.
  2. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the counterpressure plate (5) of the holding-down device is fixedly connected at the lower end of the plunger (5a), in that the plunger (5a) of the holding-down device is mounted coaxial to the axis of rotation of the centrifuging cage (2) and in such a way as to be axially movable (V5) therein, and in that the rotational movement of the plunger can be stopped by a brake.
  3. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that a collecting basin (7) for the centrifuge water is attached below the centrifuging cage, said basin having, vertically below (2) the centrifuging cage, a passage (7c) for guiding the crates (Cs) that are being moved vertically by the lifting table (4) towards the cage (2) and/or conveyor belt (3, 31), in that the guide-in frame (7d) or the mutually independent guide-in segments are movably suspended below or within said passage (7c) by means of elastic or articulated elements (7e) on the framework of the centrifugal dryer.
  4. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal dryer comprises, upstream of the centrifuging station (D), a waiting and detection station (B), in which geometric defects and/or chromatic defects and/or defects relating to the position of the foldable side walls and/or defects relating to are ascertained on the crate (Cs, Ci), and in that the crates detected as defective, which cannot be centrifuged, are ejected in this station.
  5. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 4, characterized in that the only conveyor belt for the onward conveying (A) of the crates (Cs, Ci) through the waiting and detection station (B) and through the centrifuging station (D) is a conveyor belt (3) having two parallel, spaced-apart belts or chains, between which the lifting table (4) moves.
  6. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 4, characterized in that the centrifugal dryer comprises two separate groups of conveyor belts (30, 31), wherein the supplied (A) crates (Cs, Ci) are transported through the waiting and detection station (B) and through the centrifuging station (D) by way of the two separate groups of conveyor belts (30, 31), of the type that act on the side edges of the crate bottom, wherein the first group (30) of belts for the waiting and detection station (B) can execute a sufficiently large pivoting movement (31c) to eject the rejected crates by dropping the latter downwards, and wherein at least the second conveyor belt group (31) for the centrifuging station (D) can execute a horizontal movement (31d) to adapt to the irregularities of the side edges of the bottoms of the crates and/or to the variable dimensions of the bottoms of the successively supplied (A) crates.
  7. The centrifugal dryer according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that stacked crates (Cs, Ci) can be supplied (A) to the single conveyor belt (3) or to the conveyor belts (30, 31), wherein the stack height does not exceed the maximum internal height of the centrifuging cage (2).
  8. A drying method carried out by means of the centrifugal dryer having the features stated in claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the working phases of the conveying device for the crates (Cs, Ci), of the lifting table (4), of the holding-down device (5) and of the centrifuging cage (2) are controlled in such a way that they partially overlap in time terms, in particular with regard to the acceleration and braking phases, in order thereby to increase the productivity of the centrifugal dryer.
  9. The drying method carried out by means of the centrifugal dryer according to claim 8, characterized in that the holding-down device (5) already starts to lower before the crate (Cs, Ci) has assumed the position below the centrifuging cage (2), and also the lifting table (4) starts to lift so as to reach the crate bottom as soon as the crate has reached the aforementioned position by means of the conveyor belt (3; 30, 31), in that the lifting table (5) then lifts the crate (Cs, Ci) into the centrifuging cage, the holding-down device (5) and/or the lifting table (4) being blocked against rotation (R) until the crate has reached the centrifuging cage (2), in that, as soon as the crate enters the centrifuging cage (2), the rotation (R) of the holding-down device and/or of the lifting table (4) is enabled and, once the crate has entered further, the centrifuging cage starts to rotate and accelerates, in that, once the crate has fully entered the centrifuging cage and once the maximum rotational speed has been reached for a predetermined centrifuging time, the centrifuging cage (2) is braked, while the lifting table (4) and also the holding-down device (5) lower so as to push the crate out of the cage (2) even before the centrifuging cage has completely stopped, in that, as soon as the crate has left the cage (2) and has come to a standstill, the crate is deposited on the conveyor belt (3, 31), the holding-down device (5) and/or the lifting table (4) being stopped from rotating, and in that, once the lifting table (4) and the holding-down device (5) have started to move towards the starting position, the conveyor belts (3; 31) then convey the crate (Cs, Ci) out of the machine while the lifting table (4) and the holding-down device (5) reach their starting position.
  10. The drying method according to claim 8, characterized in that the brake (5g) of the holding-down device (5) and/or the brake of the lifting table (4) is not actuated while the crate (Cs, Ci) is located within the centrifuging cage (2).
EP18000371.7A 2017-04-20 2018-04-17 Centrifugal dryer and drying process for crates Active EP3392585B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT102017000043389A IT201700043389A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2017-04-20 CENTRIFUGE FOR CASSETTE DRYING

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ES2837928T3 (en) 2021-07-01
DK3392585T3 (en) 2020-12-21
IT201700043389A1 (en) 2018-10-20

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