EP3391547B1 - Apparatus for processing or generating a signal and method for determining an adjustment - Google Patents

Apparatus for processing or generating a signal and method for determining an adjustment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3391547B1
EP3391547B1 EP16785115.3A EP16785115A EP3391547B1 EP 3391547 B1 EP3391547 B1 EP 3391547B1 EP 16785115 A EP16785115 A EP 16785115A EP 3391547 B1 EP3391547 B1 EP 3391547B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
signals
designed
gate
output
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EP16785115.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3391547A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Steinbuch
Karin Moertlbauer
Michael Ott
Matthias Steinhauer
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for processing or generating a signal, in particular for processing a high-frequency (HF) signal, which is received by an external antenna device coupled to the device and/or for generating a signal which is intended for transmission by means of a Device coupled external antenna device is emitted.
  • the invention further relates to a method for determining an adjustment of a device for processing or generating a signal.
  • the signal to be processed or generated is in particular a high-frequency signal, for example a radar signal.
  • Devices for processing or generating signals are used, for example, in radar sensors.
  • Automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz band for short and medium ranges mainly work with separate transmitting and receiving antennas. These antennas are implemented as resonant structures on a suitable high-frequency circuit board (HF circuit board).
  • the passive antennas are interconnected with an active transmitter or receiver microwave circuit (e.g. a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, MMIC) by means of microstrip lines using suitable assembly and connection technology.
  • MMIC monolithic microwave integrated circuit
  • the present invention discloses an apparatus having the features of claim 1.
  • an apparatus for processing or generating a signal comprising: a substrate; a signal device which is designed to process a received signal and/or to generate a transmitted signal; an interface device, by means of which the signal device can be coupled to a transmitting and/or receiving antenna for emitting the generated transmitted signal and/or for receiving the received signal to be processed; a separation device, which is designed to separate first signals, which run from the interface device to the signal device, from second signals, which run from the signal device to the interface device; and an output device, at which the separate first and second signals can be tapped separately from one another in order to calculate an adjustment; wherein the first signals can be tapped at a first measuring device of the output device and wherein the second signals can be tapped at a second measuring device of the output device; wherein the signal device, the interface device, the separation device and the output device are arranged on the substrate, in particular are integrated into the substrate; wherein the separation device is designed as a four-port ring coupler with a first port, a second
  • An adaptation is to be understood as a variable which is suitable for indicating an efficiency of a transition between a transmitting and/or receiving antenna on the one hand and a device for processing or generating a signal on the other hand.
  • the adaptation can in particular be a quotient of a reflected power and a power passing through without reflection. After coupling, there is an abutment between the interface device and the transmitting and/or receiving antenna, at which undesired reflections can take place.
  • first and second signals can be tapped or are provided is to be understood in particular to mean that they are available for the device itself or for external measuring devices or are processed by them.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to separate incoming and outgoing signals and, in particular, to measure their power. Outgoing and returning power can be measured permanently, ie continuously during operation of the device. Thus, data on the quality of a high-frequency transition between the device and a transmitting and/or receiving antenna can be available at any time and directly.
  • the separation device of the device is designed as a four-port ring coupler, the first and the second signals can be separated from one another particularly efficiently.
  • the solution according to the invention is suitable both for bistatic radars with separate transmitting and receiving antennas and for monostatic radars with common transmitting and receiving antennas.
  • an HF printed circuit board for example with transmitting and/or receiving antennas, into the device, for example an MMIC
  • the adjustment from the device in the direction of the HF printed circuit board. Lessons learned about the matching can be used to improve the junction, both from the device and from the circuit board. That Generating and / or processing the transmission or reception signal can automatically adjusted based on the adjustment determined. Causes of performance losses can be determined more easily.
  • a function of the high-frequency interface, ie the point of contact between the device and the printed circuit board, can be monitored during operation of the device. If necessary, a signal to be transmitted and/or a received signal can also be adjusted, for example amplified, based on the findings obtained.
  • the substrate with the signal device, the interface device, the separation device and the output device is designed as an integrated monolithic microwave circuit.
  • the output device has a computing unit which is designed to generate an output signal based on the separate first and second signals, which indicates an adjustment of the device.
  • An external computing device for determining the adaptation can thus be dispensed with, as a result of which the device according to the invention can be used more flexibly.
  • the output device includes a first analog/digital converter, which is designed to convert the first signals from analog signals into digital signals.
  • the output device preferably also includes a second analog/digital converter, which is designed to convert the second signals from analog signals into digital signals.
  • the one described above Arithmetic unit can be designed in particular for processing the converted digital first and second signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 10 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention.
  • the device 10 comprises a substrate 12, in which the further components and devices of the device 10 are preferably integrated.
  • the device 10 includes a signal device 14 which is designed to process a received signal 51 and/or to generate a transmitted signal 52 . If the signaling device 14 is only designed to generate a transmission signal 52, the signaling device 14 can also be referred to as a signal generating device. If the signaling device is designed only for processing a received signal 51, the signaling device 14 can also be designated as a signal processing device.
  • the signaling device 14 can in particular include electronic power components, microprocessors, logic circuits and the like.
  • Device 10 also has an interface device 16, by means of which signal device 14 is connected to a transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, in particular an external transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, for transmitting the generated transmit signal 52 and/or for receiving the signal to be processed Received signal 51 can be coupled or coupled.
  • the external transmission and/or reception antenna 30 can be formed, for example, on a high-frequency printed circuit board as a passive, resonant structure.
  • the transmission and/or reception antenna 30 can be coupled to the device 10, that is to say to the substrate 12, in particular to the signal device 14, for example via microstrip lines and other suitable construction and/or connection technology, for example by bonding a bare chip, Soldering a BGA-MMIC and the like.
  • the device 10 also includes a separating device 18, which is designed to separate first signals 51, 53, which run from the interface device 16 to the signaling device 14, from second signals 52, which run from the signaling device 14 to the interface device 16 .
  • the first signals 51, 53 can in particular include a received signal 51 to be processed by the signal device 14 and received by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30.
  • the second signals 52 can include, in particular, a transmission signal 52 generated by the signaling device 14, which is designed to be transmitted by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30.
  • the first signals 51, 53 which run from the interface device 16 to the signaling device 14, can also include signals 53 reflected at the interface device 16 and/or at a junction between the interface device 16 and the coupled transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30.
  • the reflected signals 53 can arise, for example, because the transmission signal 52 generated by the signaling device 14, which is forwarded to the interface device 16 for transmission by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, occurs at the interface device 16 and/or at the junction between the Interface device 16 and the transmission and / or Receiving antenna 30 is partially or completely reflected.
  • a transmission power arriving at the transmission and/or reception antenna 30 is thus reduced by the reflected signals 53 .
  • the degree of this reduction is indexed by the "adjustment" quantity.
  • the device 10 is also designed with an output device 20, at which the separate first and second signals 51, 52, 53 for calculating the adjustment can be tapped separately from one another.
  • the first and second signals 51, 52, 53, which are separated from one another, can be processed, for example, by an external processor.
  • the device 10 can also have a corresponding computing unit.
  • the signal device 14, the interface device 16, the separation device 18 and the output device 20 are arranged on the substrate 12, in particular integrated into the substrate 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 110 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention.
  • Device 110 is a variant of device 10.
  • the device 110 includes a signal device 114 which is designed to amplify an incoming raw signal 61 by means of an amplifier and to provide it as a transmission signal 52 .
  • the device 110 also includes an interface device 116, by means of which the signal device 114 can be coupled or is coupled to a transmitting and receiving antenna 130.
  • the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be part of the device 110 or can be formed separately from it.
  • the device 110 can be used in particular as, or in, a bistatic radar.
  • the transmission signal 52 is routed from the signaling device 114 to the interface device 116 via a dedicated line.
  • a directional coupler 118 in particular a 90° hybrid directional coupler, is connected between the signaling device 114 and the interface device 116 as a separation device 118 of the device 110.
  • a directional coupler is in particular a four-port component known from high-frequency technology, which enables individual coupling of signals at its four ports via suitable impedance and/or line length design.
  • an incoming signal is present at a first input port 1 and a returning signal is present at a second input port 2 .
  • a decoupled incoming signal is present at a third output port 3 and a decoupled returning signal is present at a fourth output port 4 .
  • the fourth output port 4 is isolated from the first input port 1 and the third output port 3 is isolated from the second input port 2, thereby enabling directional separation.
  • the first input port 1 is connected to the signaling device 114 .
  • the second input port 2 is connected to the interface device 116 and the third and the fourth output port 3, 4 are connected to an output device 120 of the device 110.
  • the signal device 114 is also designed to process a received signal 51 received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130, which is transmitted via the first and the second input port 1, 2.
  • a first measuring device 121 of the output device 120 is connected to the fourth output port 4 and a second measuring device 122 of the output device 120 is connected to the third output port 3 .
  • An electrical signal can be tapped off at the first measuring device 121 between a first electrical contact 123 and earth (GND), which represents or indicates first signals 51, 53, which run from the interface device 116 to the signaling device 114, particularly as described with respect to device 10 .
  • a capacitor and/or a rectifier diode for example, can be arranged in the reverse direction between the first contact 123 and the fourth output port 4, as in FIG 2 shown.
  • An electrical signal can be tapped at the second measuring device 122 between a second electrical contact 124 and ground, which represents or indicates second signals 52 which run from the signaling device 114 to the interface device 116, in particular as in relation described on the device 10.
  • a capacitor and/or a rectifier diode can be arranged in the reverse direction between the second contact 124 and the third output port 3, as in FIG 2 shown. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 210 for processing
  • the device 210 is a variant of the device 110 and differs from it essentially in the separation device 218 of the device 210 and in the type of signal processing.
  • the device 210 includes a signal device 214 which is designed to generate a transmission signal 52 based on a raw signal 61 and to process a reception signal 51 to generate a useful signal 62 .
  • the separation device 218 of the device 210 is designed as a ring coupler 218 with first to fourth ports 1', 2', 3', 4'.
  • the signaling device 214 is connected to a first port 1' and to a third port 3' and the interface device 116 of the device 210 is connected to a fourth port 4' of the ring coupler 218, which can also be designated as a rat-race coupler.
  • the second measuring device 121 of the output device 120 of the device 210 is as in relation to FIG 2 described and connected to a second port 2 ′ of the ring coupler 218 .
  • a first measuring device 121 designed as described in relation to the device 110 is connected to a third port 3 ′ of the ring coupler 218 .
  • a signal amplifier 213 of the signal device 214 is connected to the first port 1 ′, which is designed to amplify the raw signal 61 for generating the transmission signal 52 .
  • the signal device 214 also has a mixer 240 which is designed to process a received signal 51 received from the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 via the interface device 116 .
  • the mixer 240 receives a signal which is branched off from the third port 3' of the ring coupler 218 as the input signal.
  • the mixer 240 receives the signal at the first port 1' of the ring coupler as an oscillator signal, ie as an LO signal 218 signal present.
  • the mixer 240 is designed to generate a useful signal 62 by mixing the input signal and the oscillator signal, which useful signal can be used, for example, for further processing of an information content of the received signal 51 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 310 for processing a signal 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention.
  • Device 310 is another variant of device 110.
  • device 310 is only designed for reception, i.e. for processing a received signal 51, which can be received by a receiving antenna 330 of device 310 and can be transmitted via interface device 116 of device 310 to signal device 314 of device 310.
  • the interface device 116, the separation device 118 and the output device 120 are designed as described in relation to the device 110.
  • the signal device 31 which can be described as a signal processing device 314, comprises a mixer 340 and a test signal provision device 342.
  • the mixer 340 is designed to receive an oscillator signal, i.e. an LO signal 64, and with the received signal received from the interface device 116 51 for generating a useful signal 62 to mix.
  • an oscillator signal i.e. an LO signal 64
  • the device 310 in comparison to the previously described devices 10; 110; 210 a reference signal for determining the adjustment is missing.
  • the device 310 has the test signal supply device 342, which is designed to provide a test signal 63 and to feed it non-directionally between the separation device 118, in particular at the first input port 1 of the separation device 118, and the mixer 340.
  • the test signal 63 can be derived in particular from the high-frequency LO signal 64 by the test signal providing device 342, the test signal providing device 342 also being designed to impose a frequency offset using suitable methods. This frequency offset manifests itself as a low frequency baseband signal after mixing with the LO signal 64.
  • test signal 63 is fed in in an undirected manner means that half of the signal power of the test signal 63 is routed in the direction of the interface device 116 and thus acts like an effective transmission signal 52'.
  • first and second signals 51, 52', 53 for determining the adjustment by means of the separating device 118.
  • the described feeding in of the test signal 63 can be carried out in particular in a test mode of the device 310, during which in particular a regular reception of a received signal 51 does not take place.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to another embodiment not covered by the protected invention.
  • Device 410 is a variant of device 110 such that elements already described with respect to device 110 will not be redescribed.
  • the device 410 differs from the device 110 in an output device 420 of the device 410, which takes the place of the output device 120 of the device 110.
  • the output device 420 includes the first and the second measuring device 121 , 122 as described in relation to the device 110 .
  • the first electrical contact 123 of the first measuring device 121 is connected to a first analog/digital converter 425 of the output device 420, which is designed to digitize the first signals 51, 53 from the first measuring device 121 and to a computing unit 428 of the output device 420 to transmit.
  • the second electrical contact 124 of the second measuring device 122 is connected to a second analog/digital converter 426 of the output device 420, which is designed to digitize the second signals 52' from the second measuring device 122 and to the computing unit 428 of the output device 420 to transfer.
  • the computing unit 428 is designed to generate and output an output signal 65 based on the digitized first and second signals 51, 52', 53, which indicates the adjustment of the device 410.
  • the output signal 65 can be provided, for example, at a contact point of the device 410 for external devices to be tappable.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart for explaining a method for determining an adaptation of a device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52, 52' according to a further embodiment not falling under the protected invention.
  • the procedure according to 6 can be carried out in particular by means of the device according to the invention, in particular by means of the device 210 described.
  • the method according to 6 is therefore adaptable according to all modifications and developments described in relation to the device according to the invention, in particular the device 210 and vice versa.
  • a transmission signal 52 or a test signal 63 is sent by means of a signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314 of a device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52, in particular as aforesaid in relation to the signaling means 14; 114; 214; 314 described.
  • first signals 51, 53 which come from an interface device 16; 116 of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 from the signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314, from second signals 52; 52' separately, which are separated from the signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314 from the interface device 16; 116 run up.
  • the interface device 16; 116 is in particular equipped with a transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30; 130; 330 coupleable or coupled.
  • the first signals 51, 53 and the second signals 52; 52' output separately from each other.
  • an output signal 65 is generated based on the first and the second signal 51, 52, 52′, 53, which allows an adjustment of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 indexed.
  • the procedure according to 6 can continuously during a transmission operation of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 to be performed.
  • the method according to 6 also in a test mode of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 can be performed as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals, insbesondere zum Verarbeiten eines Hochfrequenzsignals (HF-Signals), welches durch eine mit der Vorrichtung gekoppelte externe Antennenvorrichtung empfangen wird und/oder zum Erzeugen eines Signals, welches zum Aussenden mittels einer mit der Vorrichtung gekoppelten externen Antennenvorrichtung ausgesendet wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Anpassung eine Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals. Das zu verarbeitende oder zu erzeugende Signal ist insbesondere ein Hochfrequenzsignal, beispielsweise ein Radarsignal.The present invention relates to a device for processing or generating a signal, in particular for processing a high-frequency (HF) signal, which is received by an external antenna device coupled to the device and/or for generating a signal which is intended for transmission by means of a Device coupled external antenna device is emitted. The invention further relates to a method for determining an adjustment of a device for processing or generating a signal. The signal to be processed or generated is in particular a high-frequency signal, for example a radar signal.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Vorrichtungen zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen von Signalen werden beispielsweise in Radarsensoren verwendet. Automotive Radarsensoren im 77 GHz-Band für den nahen und mittleren Entfernungsbereich arbeiten hauptsächlich mit getrennten Sende- und Empfangsantennen. Diese Antennen sind auf einer geeigneten Hochfrequenz-Leiterplatte (HF-Leiterplatte) als resonante Strukturen realisiert. Die passiven Antennen werden mit einer aktiven Transmitter- oder Empfänger-Mikrowellenschaltung (zum Beispiel einer integrierten monolithischen Mikrowellenschaltung, MMIC, Englisch "monolithic microwave integrated circuit") mittels Mikrostreifenleitungen unter Verwendung von geeigneter Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik zusammengeschaltet. Dabei entsteht eine Stoßstelle zwischen der HF-Leiterplatte und der aktiven Schaltung, welche zu Schwankungen bei der Realisierung dieses Hochfrequenz-Signalübergangs führen kann. Beispielsweise führen unerwünschte Rückreflexionen eines Sendesignals sowie eine unerwünschte zurückreflektierte Empfangsleistung zu einer Degradation von Radarsensoren bezüglich Reichweite.Devices for processing or generating signals are used, for example, in radar sensors. Automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz band for short and medium ranges mainly work with separate transmitting and receiving antennas. These antennas are implemented as resonant structures on a suitable high-frequency circuit board (HF circuit board). The passive antennas are interconnected with an active transmitter or receiver microwave circuit (e.g. a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, MMIC) by means of microstrip lines using suitable assembly and connection technology. This creates a discontinuity between the HF printed circuit board and the active circuit, which leads to fluctuations in the realization of this high-frequency signal transition can lead. For example, undesired back-reflections of a transmission signal and undesired received power reflected back lead to a degradation of radar sensors in terms of range.

In der DE 103 00 955 A1 ist ein Radar-Transceiver für Mikrowellen- und Millimeterwellen-Anwendungen beschrieben.In the DE 103 00 955 A1 describes a radar transceiver for microwave and millimeter wave applications.

In der DE 10 2009 045546 A1 ist eine HF Sende-/Empfangsschaltung mit einem abstimmbaren Anpass-Netzwerk beschrieben.In the DE 10 2009 045546 A1 describes an RF transmit/receive circuit with a tunable matching network.

In der US 2014/0120849 A1 ist eine in einen Siliciumchip integrierte Schaltung beschrieben, in welcher Eigenschaften eines HF-Signals gemessen und dazu verwendet werden, eine Impedanz einer Antenne einer Impedanz einer Übertragungsleitung anzupassen.In the US 2014/0120849 A1 describes a circuit integrated into a silicon chip in which characteristics of an RF signal are measured and used to match an impedance of an antenna to an impedance of a transmission line.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of Invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung offenbart eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention discloses an apparatus having the features of claim 1.

Dementsprechend ist eine Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals vorgesehen mit: einem Substrat; einer Signaleinrichtung, welche zum Verarbeiten eines Empfangssignals und/oder zum Erzeugen eines Sendesignals ausgebildet ist; einer Schnittstelleneinrichtung, mittels welcher die Signaleinrichtung mit einer Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne zum Aussenden des erzeugten Sendesignals und/oder zum Empfangen des zu verarbeitenden Empfangssignals koppelbar ist; einer Trennungseinrichtung, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, erste Signale, welche von der Schnittstelleneinrichtung aus auf die Signaleinrichtung zulaufen, von zweiten Signalen zu trennen, welche von der Signaleinrichtung aus auf die Schnittstelleneinrichtung zulaufen; und einer Ausgabeeinrichtung, an welcher die voneinander getrennten ersten und zweiten Signale zum Berechnen einer Anpassung getrennt voneinander abgreifbar sind; wobei die ersten Signale an einer ersten Messeinrichtung der Ausgabeeinrichtung abgreifbar sind und wobei die zweiten Signale an einer zweiten Messeinrichtung der Ausgabeeinrichtung abgreifbar sind; wobei die Signaleinrichtung, die Schnittstelleneinrichtung, die Trennungseinrichtung und die Ausgabeeinrichtung an dem Substrat angeordnet sind, insbesondere in das Substrat integriert sind; wobei die Trennungseinrichtung als viertoriger Ringkoppler mit einem ersten Tor, einem zweiten Tor, einem dritten Tor und einem vierten Tor ausgebildet ist; wobei die Signaleinrichtung an dem ersten Tor und an dem dritten Tor angeschlossen ist und wobei die Schnittstelleneinrichtung der Vorrichtung an dem vierten Tor angeschlossen ist; wobei die erste Messeinrichtung an das dritte Tor des Ringkopplers angeschlossen ist und wobei die zweite Messeinrichtung an ein zweites Tor des Ringkopplers angeschlossen ist; wobei die Signaleinrichtung außerdem einen Mischer aufweist, welcher zum Verarbeiten des über die Schnittstelleneinrichtung empfangenen Empfangssignals ausgebildet ist; wobei der Mischer als ein Eingangssignal ein Signal erhält, welches von dem dritten Tor des Ringkopplers abgezweigt wird, und der Mischer dazu ausgebildet ist, als Oszillatorsignal ein an dem ersten Tor des Ringkopplers anliegendes Signal zu empfangen; und wobei der Mischer dazu ausgebildet ist, durch Mischen aus dem Eingangssignal und dem Oszillatorsignal ein Nutzsignal zu erzeugen.Accordingly, there is provided an apparatus for processing or generating a signal, comprising: a substrate; a signal device which is designed to process a received signal and/or to generate a transmitted signal; an interface device, by means of which the signal device can be coupled to a transmitting and/or receiving antenna for emitting the generated transmitted signal and/or for receiving the received signal to be processed; a separation device, which is designed to separate first signals, which run from the interface device to the signal device, from second signals, which run from the signal device to the interface device; and an output device, at which the separate first and second signals can be tapped separately from one another in order to calculate an adjustment; wherein the first signals can be tapped at a first measuring device of the output device and wherein the second signals can be tapped at a second measuring device of the output device; wherein the signal device, the interface device, the separation device and the output device are arranged on the substrate, in particular are integrated into the substrate; wherein the separation device is designed as a four-port ring coupler with a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port; wherein the signaling means at the first gate and at the third port and wherein the interface means of the device is connected to the fourth port; wherein the first measuring device is connected to the third port of the ring coupler and wherein the second measuring device is connected to a second port of the ring coupler; wherein the signal device also has a mixer which is designed to process the received signal received via the interface device; wherein the mixer receives as an input signal a signal which is branched off from the third port of the ring coupler, and the mixer is designed to receive a signal present at the first port of the ring coupler as an oscillator signal; and wherein the mixer is designed to generate a useful signal by mixing the input signal and the oscillator signal.

Unter einer Anpassung ist eine Größe zu verstehen, welche zum Indizieren einer Effizienz eines Übergangs zwischen einer Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne einerseits und einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals andererseits geeignet ist. Die Anpassung kann insbesondere ein Quotient aus einer reflektierten Leistung und einer ohne Reflexion durchlaufenden Leistung sein. Zwischen der Schnittstelleneinrichtung und der Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne ergibt sich nach dem Koppeln eine Stoßstelle, an welcher unerwünschte Reflexionen stattfinden können.An adaptation is to be understood as a variable which is suitable for indicating an efficiency of a transition between a transmitting and/or receiving antenna on the one hand and a device for processing or generating a signal on the other hand. The adaptation can in particular be a quotient of a reflected power and a power passing through without reflection. After coupling, there is an abutment between the interface device and the transmitting and/or receiving antenna, at which undesired reflections can take place.

Darunter, dass die ersten und zweiten Signale abgreifbar sind bzw. bereitgestellt werden, soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass diese für die Vorrichtung selbst, oder für externe Messvorrichtungen, zur Verfügung stehen oder von diesen verarbeitet werden.The fact that the first and second signals can be tapped or are provided is to be understood in particular to mean that they are available for the device itself or for external measuring devices or are processed by them.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the Invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht eine Trennung von hin- und rücklaufenden Signalen und insbesondere deren Leistungsmessung. Hin- und rücklaufende Leistungen können permanent, das heißt kontinuierlich während eines Betriebs der Vorrichtung, gemessen werden. Somit können jederzeit und unmittelbar Daten zur Qualität eines Hochfrequenz-Übergangs zwischen der Vorrichtung einer Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne vorliegen.The device according to the invention makes it possible to separate incoming and outgoing signals and, in particular, to measure their power. Outgoing and returning power can be measured permanently, ie continuously during operation of the device. Thus, data on the quality of a high-frequency transition between the device and a transmitting and/or receiving antenna can be available at any time and directly.

Dadurch, dass die Trennungseinrichtung der Vorrichtung als viertoriger Ringkoppler ausgebildet ist, sind die ersten und die zweiten Signale besonders effizient voneinander trennbar.Due to the fact that the separation device of the device is designed as a four-port ring coupler, the first and the second signals can be separated from one another particularly efficiently.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist sowohl für bistatische Radars mit getrennten Sende- und Empfangsantennen wie auch monostatische Radars mit gemeinsamen Sende- und Empfangsantennen geeignet.The solution according to the invention is suitable both for bistatic radars with separate transmitting and receiving antennas and for monostatic radars with common transmitting and receiving antennas.

Die Anpassung von einer HF-Leiterplatte, beispielsweise mit Sende- und/oder Empfangsantennen, aus in die Vorrichtung, beispielsweise eine MMIC, kann vorteilhaft mit externer Messtechnik gemessen werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist auch eine Messung der Anpassung von der Vorrichtung aus in Richtung der HF-Leiterplatte möglich. Gewonnene Erkenntnisse über die Anpassung können zum Verbessern der Stoßstelle, sowohl von der Vorrichtung als auch von der Leiterplatte aus verwendet werden. Das Erzeugen und/oder Verarbeiten des Sende- bzw. Empfangssignals kann basierend auf der ermittelten Anpassung automatisch angepasst werden. Ursachen für Performance-Einbußen können leichter ermittelt werden. Eine Funktion der Hochfrequenz-Schnittstelle, das heißt der Stoßstelle zwischen der Vorrichtung und der Leiterplatte, kann während eines Betriebs der Vorrichtung überwacht werden. Gegebenenfalls kann auch ein auszusendendes und/oder ein empfangenes Signal basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen angepasst, z.B. verstärkt, werden.The adaptation of an HF printed circuit board, for example with transmitting and/or receiving antennas, into the device, for example an MMIC, can advantageously be measured using external measurement technology. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to measure the adjustment from the device in the direction of the HF printed circuit board. Lessons learned about the matching can be used to improve the junction, both from the device and from the circuit board. That Generating and / or processing the transmission or reception signal can automatically adjusted based on the adjustment determined. Causes of performance losses can be determined more easily. A function of the high-frequency interface, ie the point of contact between the device and the printed circuit board, can be monitored during operation of the device. If necessary, a signal to be transmitted and/or a received signal can also be adjusted, for example amplified, based on the findings obtained.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren.Advantageous embodiments and developments result from the dependent claims and from the description with reference to the figures.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung ist das Substrat mit der Signaleinrichtung, der Schnittstelleneinrichtung, der Trennungseinrichtung und der Ausgabeeinrichtung als integrierte monolithische Mikrowellenschaltung ausgebildet.According to a preferred development, the substrate with the signal device, the interface device, the separation device and the output device is designed as an integrated monolithic microwave circuit.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung weist die Ausgabeeinrichtung eine Recheneinheit auf, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, basierend auf den voneinander getrennten ersten und zweiten Signalen ein Ausgabesignal zu erzeugen, welches eine Anpassung der Vorrichtung indiziert. Somit kann auf eine externe Recheneinrichtung zum Bestimmen der Anpassung verzichtet werden, wodurch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung flexibler einsetzbar wird.According to a further preferred development, the output device has a computing unit which is designed to generate an output signal based on the separate first and second signals, which indicates an adjustment of the device. An external computing device for determining the adaptation can thus be dispensed with, as a result of which the device according to the invention can be used more flexibly.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung umfasst die Ausgabeeinrichtung einen ersten Analog-Digital-Wandler, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, die ersten Signale von analogen Signalen in digitale Signale umzuwandeln. Die Ausgabeeinrichtung umfasst vorzugsweise weiterhin einen zweiten Analog-Digital-Wandler, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, die zweiten Signale von analogen Signalen in digitale Signale umzuwandeln. Die oben beschriebene Recheneinheit kann insbesondere zum Verarbeiten der umgewandelten digitalen ersten und zweiten Signale ausgebildet sein.According to a further preferred development, the output device includes a first analog/digital converter, which is designed to convert the first signals from analog signals into digital signals. The output device preferably also includes a second analog/digital converter, which is designed to convert the second signals from analog signals into digital signals. The one described above Arithmetic unit can be designed in particular for processing the converted digital first and second signals.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den schematischen Figuren der Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform;
Fig. 2
ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform;
Fig. 3
ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 4
ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform;
Fig. 5
ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform; und
Fig. 6
ein schematisches Flussdiagramm zum Erläutern eines Verfahrens zum Ermitteln einer Anpassung einer Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform.
The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the schematic figures of the drawings. Show it:
1
a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention;
2
a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention;
3
a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
4
a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention;
figure 5
a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention; and
6
a schematic flow diagram for explaining a method for determining an adaptation of a device for processing or generating a signal according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention.

In allen Figuren sind gleiche bzw. funktionsgleiche Elemente und Vorrichtungen - sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist - mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Nummerierung von Verfahrensschritten dient der Übersichtlichkeit und soll insbesondere nicht, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist, eine bestimmte zeitliche Reihenfolge implizieren. Insbesondere können auch mehrere Verfahrensschritte gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden.Identical or functionally identical elements and devices are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures—unless otherwise stated. The numbering of method steps is for the sake of clarity and, unless otherwise stated, is not intended to imply a specific chronological order. In particular, several method steps can also be carried out simultaneously.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the exemplary embodiments

Fig. 1 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung 10 zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52 gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 10 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention.

Die Vorrichtung 10 umfasst ein Substrat 12, in welchem die weiteren Bestandteile und Einrichtungen der Vorrichtung 10 vorzugsweise integriert ausgebildet sind.The device 10 comprises a substrate 12, in which the further components and devices of the device 10 are preferably integrated.

Die Vorrichtung 10 umfasst eine Signaleinrichtung 14, welche zum Verarbeiten eines Empfangssignals 51 und/oder zum Erzeugen eines Sendesignals 52 ausgebildet ist. Ist die Signaleinrichtung 14 lediglich zum Erzeugen eines Sendesignals 52 ausgebildet, ist die Signaleinrichtung 14 auch als Signalerzeugungseinrichtung bezeichenbar. Ist die Signaleinrichtung lediglich zum Verarbeiten eines Empfangssignals 51 ausgebildet, ist die Signaleinrichtung 14 auch als Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung bezeichenbar. Die Signaleinrichtung 14 kann insbesondere leistungselektronische Komponenten, Mikroprozessoren, Logikschaltungen und dergleichen umfassen.The device 10 includes a signal device 14 which is designed to process a received signal 51 and/or to generate a transmitted signal 52 . If the signaling device 14 is only designed to generate a transmission signal 52, the signaling device 14 can also be referred to as a signal generating device. If the signaling device is designed only for processing a received signal 51, the signaling device 14 can also be designated as a signal processing device. The signaling device 14 can in particular include electronic power components, microprocessors, logic circuits and the like.

Die Vorrichtung 10 weist weiterhin eine Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 auf, mittels welcher die Signaleinrichtung 14 mit einer Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30, insbesondere einer externen Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30, zum Aussenden des erzeugten Sendesignals 52 und/oder zum Empfangen des zu verarbeitenden Empfangssignals 51 koppelbar oder gekoppelt ist. Die externe Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 kann beispielsweise auf einer Hochfrequenz-Leiterplatte als eine passive, resonante Struktur ausgebildet sein. Das Koppeln der Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 mit der Vorrichtung 10, das heißt mit dem Substrat 12, insbesondere mit der Signaleinrichtung 14, kann beispielsweise über Mikrostreifenleitungen und sonstige geeignete Aufbau- und/oder Verbindungstechnik erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Bonden eines nackten Chips, Löten eines BGA-MMICs und dergleichen.Device 10 also has an interface device 16, by means of which signal device 14 is connected to a transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, in particular an external transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, for transmitting the generated transmit signal 52 and/or for receiving the signal to be processed Received signal 51 can be coupled or coupled. The external transmission and/or reception antenna 30 can be formed, for example, on a high-frequency printed circuit board as a passive, resonant structure. The transmission and/or reception antenna 30 can be coupled to the device 10, that is to say to the substrate 12, in particular to the signal device 14, for example via microstrip lines and other suitable construction and/or connection technology, for example by bonding a bare chip, Soldering a BGA-MMIC and the like.

Die Vorrichtung 10 umfasst außerdem eine Trennungseinrichtung 18, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, erste Signale 51, 53, welche von der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 aus auf die Signaleinrichtung 14 zulaufen, von zweiten Signalen 52 zu trennen, welche von der Signaleinrichtung 14 aus auf die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 zulaufen. Die ersten Signale 51, 53 können insbesondere ein durch die Signaleinrichtung 14 zu verarbeitendes, durch die Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 empfangenes Empfangssignal 51 umfassen. Die zweiten Signale 52 können insbesondere ein durch die Signaleinrichtung 14 erzeugtes Sendesignal 52, welches zum Aussenden durch die Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 ausgebildet ist, umfassen.The device 10 also includes a separating device 18, which is designed to separate first signals 51, 53, which run from the interface device 16 to the signaling device 14, from second signals 52, which run from the signaling device 14 to the interface device 16 . The first signals 51, 53 can in particular include a received signal 51 to be processed by the signal device 14 and received by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30. The second signals 52 can include, in particular, a transmission signal 52 generated by the signaling device 14, which is designed to be transmitted by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30.

Die ersten Signale 51, 53, welche von der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 aus auf die Signaleinrichtung 14 zulaufen, können weiterhin an der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 und/oder an einer Stoßstelle zwischen der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 und der gekoppelten Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 reflektierte Signale 53 umfassen. Die reflektierten Signale 53 können beispielsweise dadurch entstehen, dass das von der Signaleinrichtung 14 erzeugte Sendesignal 52, welches zum Aussenden durch die Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 an die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 weitergeleitet wird, an der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 und/oder an der Stoßstelle zwischen der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16 und der Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 teilweise oder vollständig reflektiert wird. Eine an der Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30 ankommende Sendeleistung ist somit durch die reflektierten Signale 53 verringert. Der Grad dieser Verringerung wird durch die Größe "Anpassung" indiziert.The first signals 51, 53, which run from the interface device 16 to the signaling device 14, can also include signals 53 reflected at the interface device 16 and/or at a junction between the interface device 16 and the coupled transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30. The reflected signals 53 can arise, for example, because the transmission signal 52 generated by the signaling device 14, which is forwarded to the interface device 16 for transmission by the transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30, occurs at the interface device 16 and/or at the junction between the Interface device 16 and the transmission and / or Receiving antenna 30 is partially or completely reflected. A transmission power arriving at the transmission and/or reception antenna 30 is thus reduced by the reflected signals 53 . The degree of this reduction is indexed by the "adjustment" quantity.

Die Vorrichtung 10 ist weiterhin mit einer Ausgabeeinrichtung 20 ausgebildet, an welcher die voneinander getrennten ersten und zweiten Signale 51, 52, 53 zum Berechnen der Anpassung getrennt voneinander abgreifbar sind. Eine Verarbeitung der voneinander getrennten ersten und zweiten Signale 51, 52, 53 kann beispielsweise durch eine externe Recheneinheit erfolgen. Es kann aber auch die Vorrichtung 10 eine entsprechende Recheneinheit aufweisen.The device 10 is also designed with an output device 20, at which the separate first and second signals 51, 52, 53 for calculating the adjustment can be tapped separately from one another. The first and second signals 51, 52, 53, which are separated from one another, can be processed, for example, by an external processor. However, the device 10 can also have a corresponding computing unit.

Die Signaleinrichtung 14, die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16, die Trennungseinrichtung 18 und die Ausgabeeinrichtung 20 sind an dem Substrat 12 angeordnet, insbesondere in das Substrat 12 integriert.The signal device 14, the interface device 16, the separation device 18 and the output device 20 are arranged on the substrate 12, in particular integrated into the substrate 12.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung 110 zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52 gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform. Die Vorrichtung 110 ist eine Variante der Vorrichtung 10. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 110 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention. Device 110 is a variant of device 10.

Die Vorrichtung 110 umfasst eine Signaleinrichtung 114, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, mittels eines Verstärkers ein eingehendes Rohsignal 61 zu verstärken und als Sendesignal 52 bereitzustellen. Die Vorrichtung 110 umfasst weiterhin eine Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116, mittels welcher die Signaleinrichtung 114 mit einer Sende- und Empfangsantenne 130 koppelbar oder gekoppelt ist. Die Sende- und Empfangsantenne 130 kann Teil der Vorrichtung 110 sein oder von dieser separat ausgebildet sein. Die Vorrichtung 110 ist insbesondere als ein, oder in einem, bistatischem Radar verwendbar. Das Sendesignal 52 wird von der Signaleinrichtung 114 über eine dedizierte Leitung an die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 geführt. Als eine Trennungseinrichtung 118 der Vorrichtung 110 ist zwischen der Signaleinrichtung 114 und der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 ein Richtkoppler 118 geschaltet, insbesondere ein 90°- Hybrid-Richtkoppler.The device 110 includes a signal device 114 which is designed to amplify an incoming raw signal 61 by means of an amplifier and to provide it as a transmission signal 52 . The device 110 also includes an interface device 116, by means of which the signal device 114 can be coupled or is coupled to a transmitting and receiving antenna 130. The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be part of the device 110 or can be formed separately from it. The device 110 can be used in particular as, or in, a bistatic radar. The transmission signal 52 is routed from the signaling device 114 to the interface device 116 via a dedicated line. A directional coupler 118, in particular a 90° hybrid directional coupler, is connected between the signaling device 114 and the interface device 116 as a separation device 118 of the device 110.

Ein Richtkoppler ist insbesondere ein aus der Hochfrequenztechnik bekanntes Viertorbauteil, welches über geeignete Impedanz- und/oder Leitungslängenauslegung eine individuelle Kopplung von Signalen an seinen vier Toren ermöglicht. Insbesondere liegt an einem ersten Eingangstor 1 ein hinlaufendes Signal und an einem zweiten Eingangstor 2 ein rücklaufendes Signal an. An einem dritten Ausgangstor 3 liegt ein ausgekoppeltes hinlaufendes Signal an und an einem vierten Ausgangstor 4 liegt ein ausgekoppeltes rücklaufendes Signal an. Das vierte Ausgangstor 4 ist gegenüber dem ersten Eingangstor 1 isoliert und das dritte Ausgangstor 3 ist gegenüber dem zweiten Eingangstor 2 isoliert, wodurch eine Richtungstrennung ermöglicht wird. Bei der Vorrichtung 110 ist das erste Eingangstor 1 an die Signaleinrichtung 114 angeschlossen. Das zweite Eingangstor 2 an die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 angeschlossen und das dritte und das vierte Ausgangstor 3, 4 sind an eine Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 der Vorrichtung 110 angeschlossen.A directional coupler is in particular a four-port component known from high-frequency technology, which enables individual coupling of signals at its four ports via suitable impedance and/or line length design. In particular, an incoming signal is present at a first input port 1 and a returning signal is present at a second input port 2 . A decoupled incoming signal is present at a third output port 3 and a decoupled returning signal is present at a fourth output port 4 . The fourth output port 4 is isolated from the first input port 1 and the third output port 3 is isolated from the second input port 2, thereby enabling directional separation. In the device 110 the first input port 1 is connected to the signaling device 114 . The second input port 2 is connected to the interface device 116 and the third and the fourth output port 3, 4 are connected to an output device 120 of the device 110.

Die Signaleinrichtung 114 ist außerdem zum Verarbeiten eines durch die Sende- und Empfangsantenne 130 empfangenen Empfangssignals 51, welche über das erste und das zweite Eingangstor 1, 2 übermittelt wird, ausgebildet.The signal device 114 is also designed to process a received signal 51 received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130, which is transmitted via the first and the second input port 1, 2.

Wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, sind an das vierte Ausgangstor 4 eine erste Messeinrichtung 121 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 angeschlossen und an das dritte Ausgangstor 3 eine zweite Messeinrichtung 122 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 angeschlossen. An der ersten Messeinrichtung 121 lässt sich zwischen einem ersten elektrischen Kontakt 123 und Erde (englisch "ground", GND) ein elektrisches Signal abgreifen, welches erste Signale 51, 53 darstellt oder indiziert, welche von der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 aus auf die Signaleinrichtung 114 zulaufen, insbesondere wie in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 10 beschrieben. Zwischen dem ersten Kontakt 123 und dem vierten Ausgangstor 4 können beispielsweise ein Kondensator und/oder eine Gleichrichterdiode in Sperrrichtung angeordnet sein, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt.As in 2 shown, a first measuring device 121 of the output device 120 is connected to the fourth output port 4 and a second measuring device 122 of the output device 120 is connected to the third output port 3 . An electrical signal can be tapped off at the first measuring device 121 between a first electrical contact 123 and earth (GND), which represents or indicates first signals 51, 53, which run from the interface device 116 to the signaling device 114, particularly as described with respect to device 10 . A capacitor and/or a rectifier diode, for example, can be arranged in the reverse direction between the first contact 123 and the fourth output port 4, as in FIG 2 shown.

An der zweiten Messeinrichtung 122 lässt sich zwischen einem zweiten elektrischen Kontakt 124 und Erde ein elektrisches Signal abgreifen, welches zweite Signale 52 darstellt oder indiziert, welche von der Signaleinrichtung 114 aus auf die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 zulaufen, insbesondere wie in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 10 beschrieben. Zwischen dem zweiten Kontakt 124 und dem dritten Ausgangstor 3 können beispielsweise ein Kondensator und/oder eine Gleichrichterdiode in Sperrrichtung angeordnet sein, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Fig. 3 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung 210 zum VerarbeitenAn electrical signal can be tapped at the second measuring device 122 between a second electrical contact 124 and ground, which represents or indicates second signals 52 which run from the signaling device 114 to the interface device 116, in particular as in relation described on the device 10. For example, a capacitor and/or a rectifier diode can be arranged in the reverse direction between the second contact 124 and the third output port 3, as in FIG 2 shown. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 210 for processing

oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52 gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Vorrichtung 210 ist eine Variante der Vorrichtung 110 und unterscheidet sich von dieser im Wesentlichen in der Trennungseinrichtung 218 der Vorrichtung 210 sowie in der Art der Signalverarbeitung.or generating a signal 51, 52 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 210 is a variant of the device 110 and differs from it essentially in the separation device 218 of the device 210 and in the type of signal processing.

Die Vorrichtung 210 umfasst eine Signaleinrichtung 214, welche zum Erzeugen eines Sendesignals 52 basierend auf einem Rohsignal 61 sowie zum Verarbeiten eines Empfangssignals 51 zum Erzeugen eines Nutzsignals 62 ausgebildet ist. Die Trennungseinrichtung 218 der Vorrichtung 210 ist als ein Ringkoppler 218 mit ersten bis vierten Toren 1', 2', 3', 4' ausgebildet. Die Signaleinrichtung 214 ist an einem ersten Tor 1'und an einem dritten Tor 3' und die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 der Vorrichtung 210 ist an einem vierten Tor 4' des Ringkopplers 218, welcher auch als Rat-Race-Koppler bezeichenbar ist, angeschlossen. Die zweite Messeinrichtung 121 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 der Vorrichtung 210 ist wie in Bezug auf Fig. 2 beschrieben ausgebildet und an ein zweites Tor 2' des Ringkopplers 218 angeschlossen. Eine wie in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 110 beschrieben ausgebildete erste Messeinrichtung 121 ist an ein drittes Tor 3' des Ringkopplers 218 angeschlossen. An dem ersten Tor 1' ist ein Signalverstärker 213 der Signaleinrichtung 214 angeschlossen, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, das Rohsignal 61 zum Erzeugen des Sendesignals 52 zu verstärken.The device 210 includes a signal device 214 which is designed to generate a transmission signal 52 based on a raw signal 61 and to process a reception signal 51 to generate a useful signal 62 . The separation device 218 of the device 210 is designed as a ring coupler 218 with first to fourth ports 1', 2', 3', 4'. The signaling device 214 is connected to a first port 1' and to a third port 3' and the interface device 116 of the device 210 is connected to a fourth port 4' of the ring coupler 218, which can also be designated as a rat-race coupler. The second measuring device 121 of the output device 120 of the device 210 is as in relation to FIG 2 described and connected to a second port 2 ′ of the ring coupler 218 . A first measuring device 121 designed as described in relation to the device 110 is connected to a third port 3 ′ of the ring coupler 218 . A signal amplifier 213 of the signal device 214 is connected to the first port 1 ′, which is designed to amplify the raw signal 61 for generating the transmission signal 52 .

Die Signaleinrichtung 214 weist weiterhin einen Mischer 240 auf, welcher zum Verarbeiten eines, über die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 von der Sende- und Empfangsantenne 130 empfangenen, Empfangssignals 51 ausgebildet ist. Als Eingangssignal erhält der Mischer 240 ein Signal, welches von dem dritten Tor 3' des Ringkopplers 218 abgezweigt wird. Als Oszillatorsignal, das heißt als LO-Signal, empfängt der Mischer 240 das an dem ersten Tor 1' des Ringkopplers 218 anliegende Signal. Der Mischer 240 ist dazu ausgebildet, durch Mischen aus dem Eingangssignal und dem Oszillatorsignal ein Nutzsignal 62 zu erzeugen, welches beispielsweise zur weiteren Verarbeitung eines Informationsgehalts des Empfangssignals 51 verwendet werden kann.The signal device 214 also has a mixer 240 which is designed to process a received signal 51 received from the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 via the interface device 116 . The mixer 240 receives a signal which is branched off from the third port 3' of the ring coupler 218 as the input signal. The mixer 240 receives the signal at the first port 1' of the ring coupler as an oscillator signal, ie as an LO signal 218 signal present. The mixer 240 is designed to generate a useful signal 62 by mixing the input signal and the oscillator signal, which useful signal can be used, for example, for further processing of an information content of the received signal 51 .

Fig. 4 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung 310 zum Verarbeiten eines Signals 52 gemäß einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform. Die Vorrichtung 310 ist eine weitere Variante der Vorrichtung 110. 4 FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 310 for processing a signal 52 according to an embodiment not falling under the protected invention. Device 310 is another variant of device 110.

Im Vergleich zur Vorrichtung 110 ist die Vorrichtung 310 lediglich für einen Empfang ausgelegt, das heißt zum Verarbeiten eines Empfangssignals 51, welches durch eine Empfangsantenne 330 der Vorrichtung 310 empfangbar und über die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 der Vorrichtung 310 an die Signaleinrichtung 314 der Vorrichtung 310 übermittelbar ist. Die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116, die Trennungseinrichtung 118 und die Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 sind ausgebildet wie in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 110 beschrieben.In comparison to device 110, device 310 is only designed for reception, i.e. for processing a received signal 51, which can be received by a receiving antenna 330 of device 310 and can be transmitted via interface device 116 of device 310 to signal device 314 of device 310. The interface device 116, the separation device 118 and the output device 120 are designed as described in relation to the device 110.

Die Signaleinrichtung 314, welche als Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 314 bezeichenbar ist, umfasst einen Mischer 340 und eine Testsignal-Bereitstellungseinrichtung 342. Der Mischer 340 ist dazu ausgelegt, ein Oszillatorsignal, das heißt ein LO-Signal 64 zu empfangen und mit dem von der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 empfangenen Empfangssignal 51 zum Erzeugen eines Nutzsignals 62 zu mischen. Bei der Vorrichtung 310 würde somit im Vergleich zu den vorangehend beschriebenen Vorrichtungen 10; 110; 210 ein Referenzsignal für die Bestimmung der Anpassung fehlen. Dazu weist die Vorrichtung 310 die Testsignal-Bereitstellungseinrichtung 342 auf, welche dazu ausgelegt ist, ein Testsignal 63 bereitzustellen und ungerichtet zwischen der Trennungseinrichtung 118, insbesondere an dem ersten Eingangstor 1 der Trennungseinrichtung 118, und dem Mischer 340 einzuspeisen. Das Testsignal 63 kann insbesondere von dem hochfrequenten LO-Signal 64 durch die Testsignal-Bereitstellungseinrichtung 342 abgeleitet werden, wobei die Testsignal-Bereitstellungseinrichtung 342 weiterhin dazu ausgelegt ist, mittels geeigneter Verfahren einen Frequenzoffset aufzuprägen. Dieser Frequenzoffset manifestiert sich nach der Mischung mit dem LO-Signal 64 als ein niederfrequentes Basisbandsignal.The signal device 314, which can be described as a signal processing device 314, comprises a mixer 340 and a test signal provision device 342. The mixer 340 is designed to receive an oscillator signal, i.e. an LO signal 64, and with the received signal received from the interface device 116 51 for generating a useful signal 62 to mix. In the case of the device 310, in comparison to the previously described devices 10; 110; 210 a reference signal for determining the adjustment is missing. For this purpose, the device 310 has the test signal supply device 342, which is designed to provide a test signal 63 and to feed it non-directionally between the separation device 118, in particular at the first input port 1 of the separation device 118, and the mixer 340. The test signal 63 can be derived in particular from the high-frequency LO signal 64 by the test signal providing device 342, the test signal providing device 342 also being designed to impose a frequency offset using suitable methods. This frequency offset manifests itself as a low frequency baseband signal after mixing with the LO signal 64.

Durch das ungerichtete Einspeisen des Testsignals 63 wird erreicht, dass eine Hälfte einer Signalleistung des Testsignals 63 in Richtung der Schnittstelleneinrichtung 116 geleitet wird und somit wie ein effektives Sendesignal 52' wirkt. Über das gleiche Verfahren, welches in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 110 beschrieben wurde, ist es nun wieder möglich, mittels der Trennungseinrichtung 118 die ersten und zweiten Signale 51, 52', 53 zum Bestimmen der Anpassung bereitzustellen. Das beschriebene Einspeisen des Testsignals 63 kann insbesondere in einem Testmodus der Vorrichtung 310 durchgeführt werden, während welchem insbesondere ein reguläres Empfangen eines Empfangssignals 51 nicht erfolgt.The fact that the test signal 63 is fed in in an undirected manner means that half of the signal power of the test signal 63 is routed in the direction of the interface device 116 and thus acts like an effective transmission signal 52'. Using the same method that was described in relation to the device 110, it is now possible again to provide the first and second signals 51, 52', 53 for determining the adjustment by means of the separating device 118. The described feeding in of the test signal 63 can be carried out in particular in a test mode of the device 310, during which in particular a regular reception of a received signal 51 does not take place.

Fig. 5 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer Vorrichtung 410 zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52 gemäß noch einer nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform. Die Vorrichtung 410 ist eine Variante der Vorrichtung 110, so dass bereits in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 110 beschriebene Elemente nicht erneut beschrieben werden. figure 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52 according to another embodiment not covered by the protected invention. Device 410 is a variant of device 110 such that elements already described with respect to device 110 will not be redescribed.

Die Vorrichtung 410 unterscheidet sich von der Vorrichtung 110 in einer Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 der Vorrichtung 410, welche an die Stelle der Ausgabeeinrichtung 120 der Vorrichtung 110 tritt. Die Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 umfasst die erste und die zweite Messeinrichtung 121, 122 wie in Bezug auf die Vorrichtung 110 beschrieben. Der erste elektrische Kontakt 123 der ersten Messeinrichtung 121 ist mit einem ersten Analog-Digital-Wandler 425 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 verbunden, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, die ersten Signale 51, 53 aus der ersten Messeinrichtung 121 zu digitalisieren und an eine Recheneinheit 428 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 zu übermitteln. Der zweite elektrische Kontakt 124 der zweiten Messeinrichtung 122 ist mit einem zweiten Analog-Digital-Wandler 426 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 verbunden, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, die zweiten Signale 52' aus der zweiten Messeinrichtung 122 zu digitalisieren und an die Recheneinheit 428 der Ausgabeeinrichtung 420 zu übermitteln.The device 410 differs from the device 110 in an output device 420 of the device 410, which takes the place of the output device 120 of the device 110. The output device 420 includes the first and the second measuring device 121 , 122 as described in relation to the device 110 . The first electrical contact 123 of the first measuring device 121 is connected to a first analog/digital converter 425 of the output device 420, which is designed to digitize the first signals 51, 53 from the first measuring device 121 and to a computing unit 428 of the output device 420 to transmit. The second electrical contact 124 of the second measuring device 122 is connected to a second analog/digital converter 426 of the output device 420, which is designed to digitize the second signals 52' from the second measuring device 122 and to the computing unit 428 of the output device 420 to transfer.

Die Recheneinheit 428 ist dazu ausgebildet, basierend auf den digitalisierten ersten und zweiten Signalen 51, 52', 53 ein Ausgabesignal 65 zu erzeugen und auszugeben, welches die Anpassung der Vorrichtung 410 indiziert. Das Ausgabesignal 65 kann beispielsweise an einem Kontaktpunkt der Vorrichtung 410 für externe Vorrichtungen abgreifbar bereitgestellt werden.The computing unit 428 is designed to generate and output an output signal 65 based on the digitized first and second signals 51, 52', 53, which indicates the adjustment of the device 410. The output signal 65 can be provided, for example, at a contact point of the device 410 for external devices to be tappable.

Fig. 6 zeigt ein schematisches Flussdiagramm zum Erläutern eines Verfahrens zum Ermitteln einer Anpassung einer Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52, 52' gemäß einer weiteren nicht unter die geschützte Erfindung fallenden Ausführungsform. Das Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6 ist insbesondere mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung durchführbar, insbesondere mittels der beschriebenen Vorrichtung 210. Das Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6 ist daher gemäß allen in Bezug auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, insbesondere die Vorrichtung 210 beschriebenen Modifikationen und Weiterbildungen anpassbar und umgekehrt. 6 shows a schematic flowchart for explaining a method for determining an adaptation of a device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52, 52' according to a further embodiment not falling under the protected invention. The procedure according to 6 can be carried out in particular by means of the device according to the invention, in particular by means of the device 210 described. The method according to 6 is therefore adaptable according to all modifications and developments described in relation to the device according to the invention, in particular the device 210 and vice versa.

In einem ersten Schritt S01 wird ein Sendesignal 52 oder ein Testsignal 63 mittels einer Signaleinrichtung 14; 114; 214; 314 einer Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 zum Verarbeiten oder Erzeugen eines Signals 51, 52 erzeugt, insbesondere wie im Voranstehenden in Bezug auf die Signaleinrichtungen 14; 114; 214; 314 beschrieben.In a first step S01, a transmission signal 52 or a test signal 63 is sent by means of a signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314 of a device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 for processing or generating a signal 51, 52, in particular as aforesaid in relation to the signaling means 14; 114; 214; 314 described.

In einem Schritt S02 werden erste Signale 51, 53, welche von einer Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16; 116 der Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 aus auf die Signaleinrichtung 14; 114; 214; 314 zulaufen, von zweiten Signalen 52; 52' getrennt, welche von der Signaleinrichtung 14; 114; 214; 314 aus auf die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16; 116 zulaufen. Die Schnittstelleneinrichtung 16; 116 ist insbesondere mit einer Sende- und/oder Empfangsantenne 30; 130; 330 koppelbar oder gekoppelt. In einem Schritt S03 werden die ersten Signale 51, 53 und die zweiten Signale 52; 52' voneinander getrennt ausgegeben. In einem optionalen Schritt S04 wird basierend auf dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal 51, 52, 52', 53 ein Ausgabesignal 65 erzeugt, welches eine Anpassung der Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 indiziert. Das Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6 kann kontinuierlich während eines Sendebetriebs der Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 durchgeführt werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6 auch in einem Testmodus der Vorrichtung 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 durchgeführt werden, wie voranstehend beschrieben.In a step S02, first signals 51, 53, which come from an interface device 16; 116 of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 from the signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314, from second signals 52; 52' separately, which are separated from the signaling device 14; 114; 214; 314 from the interface device 16; 116 run up. The interface device 16; 116 is in particular equipped with a transmitting and/or receiving antenna 30; 130; 330 coupleable or coupled. In a step S03, the first signals 51, 53 and the second signals 52; 52' output separately from each other. In an optional step S04, an output signal 65 is generated based on the first and the second signal 51, 52, 52′, 53, which allows an adjustment of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 indexed. The procedure according to 6 can continuously during a transmission operation of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 to be performed. Alternatively or additionally, the method according to 6 also in a test mode of the device 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 can be performed as described above.

Claims (4)

  1. Device (210) for processing or generating a signal (51, 52), having:
    a substrate (12);
    a signal apparatus (214) that is designed to process a reception signal (51) and/or to generate a transmission signal (52);
    an interface apparatus (116) by way of which the signal apparatus (214) is able to be coupled to a transceiver antenna (130) in order to transmit the generated transmission signal (52) and/or to receive the reception signal (51) to be processed;
    a separation apparatus (218) that is designed to separate first signals (53) that run from the interface apparatus (116) to the signal apparatus (214) from second signals (52; 52') that run from the signal apparatus (214) to the interface apparatus (116); and
    an output apparatus (120) at which the separated first and second signals (51, 52, 52', 53) are able to be tapped off separately from one another in order to calculate an adjustment; wherein the first signals (53) are able to be tapped off at a first measuring apparatus (121) of the output apparatus (120) and wherein the second signals (52) are able to be tapped off at a second measuring apparatus (122) of the output apparatus (120);
    wherein the signal apparatus (214), the interface apparatus (116), the separating apparatus (218) and the output apparatus (120) are arranged on the substrate (12) ;
    wherein the separating apparatus (218) is in the form of a four-gate ring coupler (218) having a first gate (1'), a second gate (2'), a third gate (3') and a fourth gate (4');
    wherein the signal apparatus (214) is connected at the first gate (1') and at the third gate (3') and wherein the interface apparatus (116) of the device (210) is connected at the fourth gate (4');
    wherein the first measuring apparatus (121) is connected to the third gate (3') of the ring coupler (218) and wherein the second measuring apparatus is connected to a second gate (2') of the ring coupler (218);
    wherein the signal apparatus (214) furthermore has a mixer (240) that is designed to process the reception signal (51) received via the interface apparatus (116);
    wherein the mixer (240) receives, as input signal, a signal that is branched off from the third gate (3') of the ring coupler (218) and the mixer (240) is designed, as oscillator signal, to receive a signal present at the first gate (1') of the ring coupler (218); and
    wherein the mixer (240) is designed to generate a payload signal (62) by mixing the input signal and the oscillator signal.
  2. Device (210) according to Claim 1,
    wherein the substrate (12) having the signal apparatus (214), the interface apparatus (16), the separating apparatus (218) and the output apparatus (220) is in the form of a monolithic microwave circuit.
  3. Device (410) according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
    wherein the output apparatus (420) has a computing unit (428) that is designed, based on the separated first and second signals (51, 52), to generate an output signal (65) that indicates an adjustment of the device (410).
  4. Device (410) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    wherein the output apparatus (420) comprises a first analogue-to-digital converter (425) that is designed to convert the first signals (51, 53) from analogue signals into digital signals; and
    wherein the output apparatus (420) comprises a second analogue-to-digital converter (426) that is designed to convert the second signals (52) from analogue signals into digital signals.
EP16785115.3A 2015-12-17 2016-10-19 Apparatus for processing or generating a signal and method for determining an adjustment Active EP3391547B1 (en)

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WO2017102138A1 (en) 2017-06-22
DE102015225592A1 (en) 2017-06-22

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