EP3391402B1 - Breaking device intended to equip a three-phase circuit - Google Patents
Breaking device intended to equip a three-phase circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3391402B1 EP3391402B1 EP16820004.6A EP16820004A EP3391402B1 EP 3391402 B1 EP3391402 B1 EP 3391402B1 EP 16820004 A EP16820004 A EP 16820004A EP 3391402 B1 EP3391402 B1 EP 3391402B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cut
- initiator
- control element
- conductive portions
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100008044 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287107 Passer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0072—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 particular to three-phase switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cut-off device for equipping a three-phase circuit and a secure electrical system comprising in particular a three-phase circuit connected to such a cut-off device.
- the pyrotechnic initiator is configured to produce a pressurizing gas to pressurize the first chamber.
- the pressurizing gas exerts pressure on the movable cutoff member to move it.
- the movable cut-off element thus set in motion is configured to break simultaneously the three conductive portions during the impact of the latter with the relief.
- the breaking device is connected to a three-phase circuit, the breaking of the conductive portions makes it possible to simultaneously cut the electric current flowing in each of the three phases of the circuit.
- phase of the three-phase circuit is meant, unless otherwise stated, the electrical conductor corresponding to one of the three phases of the three-phase circuit.
- the invention therefore proposes a cut-off device enabling a reliable electrical break to be made quickly in a three-phase circuit when a malfunction occurs.
- the fact of cutting the current by mechanical breaking of the conductive portions improves the quality of the cut with respect to a cut made by simple displacement of conductive portions.
- the breaking device according to the invention has the advantage of simultaneously cutting the current flowing in each of the three phases of the three-phase circuit. This feature advantageously makes it possible to improve the security and the lifetime of the system by avoiding the situation where only one phase is cut off while the other two remain on, a situation that can be encountered in the fuse devices of the prior art and which can lead to damage to the electrical system.
- the control element makes it possible to actuate the initiator, and thus cut off each phase of the three-phase circuit, when a malfunction occurs in the electrical system.
- the operating parameter may be relative to the power system or the electrical device.
- the operating parameter can be an electrical parameter, such as the intensity of a current, or a non-electrical physical parameter, such as pressure or temperature.
- control element may be connected to the three-phase circuit and configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the intensity of the electric current flowing in at least one of the phases exceeds a predetermined value.
- said control element may comprise at least one current measuring device configured to measure the intensity of the current flowing in at least one of the phases and to actuate the initiator when the measured intensity exceeds the predetermined value.
- said control element may comprise at least one fuse connected to one of the phases in series with the breaking device, the initiator being connectable across said fuse, said fuse being configurable to disconnect the fuse. phase when the intensity of the current passing through it exceeds the predetermined value and to thereby actuate the initiator.
- the fuse is on, the voltage across the fuse relatively low and the current flowing through the ignition device of the pyrotechnic initiator is low enough not to actuate the latter.
- the voltage at its terminals increases and therefore the intensity in the ignition device increases thus allowing the pyrotechnic initiator to be actuated and the three phases to be cut simultaneously.
- the implementation of the cut-off device makes it possible to very significantly improve the safety of fuse power supply systems insofar as it makes it possible to ensure the realization of a complete cut and thus to avoid situations where the fuse does not completely cut the phase or in which at least one phase remains pass after cutting another phase.
- At least one resistor may be present in series on the line connecting the ignition device of the initiator to one of the terminals of the fuse.
- Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to avoid the degradation of the ignition device by the current flowing in the latter when the fuse is tripped.
- control element can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when an operating parameter of the electrical device reaches a predetermined value.
- This embodiment is advantageous in order to achieve a complete cut of the circuit when a malfunction is present not in the power system but in the electrical device to be powered.
- control element may be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electrical device or the pressure of a portion of the electrical device exceeds a predetermined value.
- the present invention also relates to a vehicle comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above.
- vehicle can for example be an aircraft, a train or an automobile.
- the present invention also relates to an installation comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above.
- the electrical device may for example be a train engine.
- the electrical device may be a heat pump or a power plant.
- the figure 1 is a sectional view of a breaking device 1 according to the invention in the first configuration, that is to say in a configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in the phases of the three-phase circuit and in the the conductive portions 8.
- the cut-off device 1 comprises a pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprising an ignition device 9 provided with two electrical conductors 5 (only one of these conductors being shown on FIG. figure 1 , the two conductors 5 being visible on the figures 2 and 3 ).
- the pyrotechnic initiator 3 further comprises a pyrotechnic charge 4.
- the pyrotechnic charge 4 may be in the form of one or more monolithic blocks. Alternatively, the loading 4 may be in granular form.
- the electrical conductors 5 are connected to a control element (not shown in FIG. figure 1 ) which activates the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 4 to produce a pressurizing gas. Examples of control elements that can be used in the context of the present invention will be described below.
- the device 1 comprises a body 11 inside which are present the first 7 and the second 12 chambers.
- the body 11 may for example be formed of a thermoplastic or thermosetting material.
- the pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprises a seal 6 of elastically deformable material bearing on an inner wall 14 of the body 11.
- part of the ignition device 9 is, in the illustrated example, housed in a collar 23 of the body 11.
- the body 11 further has two through channels 11a, each of the conductors 5 extending in a separate channel 11a.
- the first chamber 7 constitutes a pressurizing chamber and is in communication with an output S of the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
- the pyrotechnic initiator 3 is configured to pressurize the first chamber 7.
- the pyrotechnic charge 4 is present in the first chamber 7. However, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when this charge is present outside the first chamber as the latter remains in communication with an output of the pyrotechnic initiator.
- Three portions electrically conductive 8 are present in the second chamber 12 (see Figures 1 and 3 especially). The ends of the conductive portions 8 protrude from the body 11 in the illustrated example. These conductive portions 8 are, in the illustrated example, in the form of tabs. The conductive portions 8 may for example be copper.
- the conductive portions 8 are present on a support 18.
- the support 18 has, in the illustrated example, a drawer structure intended to be engaged in an opening 22a of the side wall 22 of the body 11.
- the support 18 defines a relief in hollow 20 located below the conductive portions 8 when the device 1 is in the first configuration.
- the conductive portions 8 are spaced from each other by a non-zero distance.
- the support 18 has grooves 19 in which are housed the conductive portions 8.
- Each of the conductive portions 8 is connected to a separate phase 10 of the same three-phase circuit. This connection can for example be performed by welding.
- the ends of each of the conductive portions 8 are connected to a phase 10 of the three-phase circuit.
- the device 1 further comprises a movable cutting element 15 formed of an electrically insulating material, for example polyetheretherketone (PEEK GF40) or polyphenylene sulphide (PPS).
- the cutoff element 15 sealingly separates the first chamber 7 from the second chamber 12.
- the cutoff element 15 is located between the first 7 and the second 12 chambers.
- the cutoff element 15 has at least one relief 17 facing the conductive portions 8.
- the cutoff element 15 has a seal 16 formed of an elastically deformable material which bears on a side wall 22 of the body 11.
- the side wall 22 surrounds the first 7 and second 12 chambers.
- the relief 17 is in the form of a portion of extra thickness.
- the cutoff element 15 has a single relief 17 intended to simultaneously break the three conductive portions 8.
- the cutoff element comprises a plurality of reliefs.
- the cutoff element may thus comprise three reliefs each facing a distinct conductive portion.
- the invention is not limited to a particular form for the distal end 17b or reliefs 17 as the relief or reliefs 17 are able to break the conductive portions 8 by impact with the latter.
- the distal end 17b of the relief or reliefs 17 may thus be for example present a flat shape as illustrated or a pointed or rounded shape.
- the breaking element 15 is configured to move along the axis of displacement X following the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3. When the device 1 is in the first configuration, the relief recessed 20, the conductive portions 8 and the relief 17 are superimposed along the axis X.
- the body 11 is overmolded on the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
- the cut-off element 15 is then inserted into force through the bottom 25 which is situated on the side opposite the neck 23.
- the cutting element 15 has a positioning relief 26, here in the form of a notch, intended to cooperate with a relief present on the inner wall of the body. This cooperation makes it possible to block in rotation the breaking element 15 and thus to avoid that the latter turns around the axis X when the first chamber 7 is pressurized by the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
- the conductive portions 8 are placed in the grooves 19 of the support 18.
- the support 18 is then inserted through an opening 22a of the side wall 22 of the body 11 transversely relative to the axis of displacement X.
- the cut-off device 1 illustrated in FIG. figure 3 is thus obtained which is ready to be connected to a three-phase circuit for example by welding the phases on each of the conductive portions 8.
- the secure electrical system 30 comprises a secure power supply system 2 connected to an electrical device 31 intended to be powered by this power supply system 2.
- the power supply system 2 comprises an electric generator G and three phases 10 connected thereto. generator G.
- the generator G may for example be an alternator.
- the generator G can be connected to a heat engine such as an internal combustion engine or a turbojet engine. Alternatively, the generator G may be part of an installation such as a power plant producing an alternating current.
- the cut-off device 1 is connected to the phases 10 as detailed above.
- the cut-off device 1 is connected in series with the generator G and the electrical device 31.
- the cut-off device 1 is present between the generator G and the electrical device 31.
- the generator G is present upstream of the cut-off device 1 and the electric device 31 is present downstream of the cut-off device 1.
- the terms "upstream” and “downstream” are here used with reference to the meaning of the electrical current in the three-phase circuit (arrow I).
- the power system 2 further comprises a control element of the electrical system 33 configured to actuate the initiator 3 when the value of an operating parameter of the electrical system reaches a predetermined value.
- the control element 33 is connected to each of the phases 10.
- the control element 33 is furthermore connected to the conductors 5 so as to enable the ignition device 9 of the initiator 3 to be actuated.
- the control 33 constitutes a device for measuring the electric current configured to measure the intensity of the current flowing in each of the phases 10 and to actuate the initiator 3 when the intensity measured in at least one of the phases exceeds the predetermined value.
- the control element 33 controls the cut-off of the electric current flowing in the three-phase circuit in order to guarantee the safety of the electrical system 30.
- control element 37 is configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator 3 when an operating parameter of the electric device 31 reaches a predetermined value.
- the control element 37 comprises for example a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the electric device 31.
- the control element 37 may comprise a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure of a part of the electrical device 31.
- the control element 37 can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electric device 31 or the pressure of a part of said device 31 exceeds a predetermined value and this in order to guarantee the safety of the system 30 'when a malfunction is observed.
- FIG. figure 6 Another variant of the electrical system 30 "according to the invention
- the pyrotechnic initiator comprises three ignition devices 9 '.
- a fuse 40 is connected to each of the phases 10 in series with the device of cut 1 '.
- Each of the ignition devices 9 ' is connected to the terminals of a separate fuse 40.
- an electrical current of an intensity greater than the predetermined value passes through one of the phases 10, the resistance at the terminals of the fuse 40 associated with this phase increases, thereby generating a sufficient potential difference across the fuse 40 in order to actuate the device ignition 9 'connected to this fuse and thereby cut the electric current.
- the cut-off device 1 makes it possible to very significantly improve the safety of fused power supply systems insofar as it makes it possible to ensure the realization of a complete break and to avoid situations where the fuse does not cut not completely phase or in which at least one phase remains passing after cutting another phase. It is advantageous to place at least one series resistor (not shown) on all or part of the lines connecting the ignition devices 9 'to the terminals of the fuses 40 in order to avoid the degradation of the ignition devices 9' by the circulating current in the latter when fuse 40 is tripped.
- the electrical systems 30, 30 'and 30 "that have just been described can be mounted in a vehicle such as an aircraft or a train or be present in an industrial installation.
- the device 1 is initially in the first configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in the phases of the three-phase circuit and in the conductive portions 8.
- the breaking element 15 is in a first position, said high position.
- the pyrotechnic initiator is actuated by the control element when a malfunction occurs.
- the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3 makes it possible to carry out the combustion of one or more pyrotechnic charges 4 in order to generate a combustion gas (arrows F) which will pressurize the first chamber 7 (see FIG. Figure 7A ). This pressurization of the first chamber 7 moves the cut-off element 15 towards the conductive portions 8.
- the movable cut-off element 15 is configured not to be broken during the pressurization of the first chamber 7 by the pyrotechnic initiator .
- the cut-off element 15 is configured to move without deforming during the passage of the device 1 from the first configuration to the second configuration.
- the breaking element 15 is driven in a translational movement along the X axis towards the conductive portions 8 during the transition from the first configuration to the second configuration.
- the movement of the cut-off element 15 does not include a component of rotation about the X axis during the passage from the first to the second configuration.
- the breaking element 15 simultaneously impacts the three conductive portions 8 and thus breaks the latter (see FIG. Figures 7B and 7C ).
- the cutoff element is configured as illustrated to simultaneously impact the three conductive portions 8 transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the direction of flow of electric current in these portions 8.
- the relief 17 is housed in the embossed relief 20 of the support 18 when the device 1 is in the second configuration, the relief 17 thus abuts on the bottom of the recessed relief 20.
- the breaking element 15 is in a second position, said low position and the current is cut.
- the device according to the invention can advantageously make it possible to cut the current particularly fast, for example in about 0.2 ms.
- a maintenance operation may be performed after the three-phase circuit has been cut in order to remove the breaking device in the second configuration and replace it with a cut-off device in the first configuration.
- the power supply of the electrical device by the three-phase circuit is then resumed.
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Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif de coupure destiné à équiper un circuit triphasé ainsi qu'un système électrique sécurisé comprenant notamment un circuit triphasé relié à un tel dispositif de coupure.The invention relates to a cut-off device for equipping a three-phase circuit and a secure electrical system comprising in particular a three-phase circuit connected to such a cut-off device.
La protection des circuits triphasés peut actuellement être assurée par positionnement de fusibles sur chacune des phases. Ces fusibles permettent de couper le courant en cas d'apparition d'un courant élevé pendant une durée suffisante, leur utilisation est fiable dans le cas de pannes franches avec des courants de défaut élevés. Toutefois, pour des courants légèrement supérieurs à leur courant nominal, ces fusibles peuvent présenter un délai de coupure relativement long voire une coupure incomplète. Une coupure incomplète ou réalisée trop tard peut conduire à un endommagement rédhibitoire du système électrique et notamment d'un dispositif électrique alimenté par le circuit triphasé. Il est donc souhaitable d'améliorer la qualité de la coupure effectuée lorsqu'un dysfonctionnement survient afin d'améliorer la sécurité et la durée de vie de systèmes électriques incorporant un circuit triphasé.Protection of three-phase circuits can currently be ensured by positioning fuses on each of the phases. These fuses allow the power to be cut off if a high current occurs for a sufficient time, their use is reliable in the case of faulty faults with high fault currents. However, for currents slightly above their rated current, these fuses may have a relatively long cut-off time or even an incomplete cut-off. An incomplete or too late cut can lead to unacceptable damage to the electrical system and in particular to an electrical device powered by the three-phase circuit. It is therefore desirable to improve the quality of the cut made when a malfunction occurs to improve the safety and life of electrical systems incorporating a three-phase circuit.
On connait le document
Il existe donc un besoin pour fournir un dispositif de coupure destiné à équiper un circuit triphasé permettant d'améliorer la qualité de la coupure du courant électrique.There is therefore a need to provide a cutoff device for equipping a three-phase circuit to improve the quality of the power cut.
Il existe encore un besoin pour fournir des systèmes électriques présentant un niveau de sécurité et une durée de vie améliorés, comprenant un dispositif électrique alimenté par un circuit triphasé.There is still a need to provide electrical systems having an improved level of safety and service life, including an electrical device powered by a three-phase circuit.
A cet effet, l'invention propose, selon un premier aspect, un dispositif de coupure destiné à équiper un circuit triphasé, comprenant au moins :
- un initiateur pyrotechnique,
- une première chambre de mise sous pression en communication avec une sortie dudit initiateur pyrotechnique,
- une deuxième chambre dans laquelle trois portions conductrices sont présentes, chacune desdites portions conductrices étant destinée à être reliée à une phase d'un circuit triphasé, et
- un élément de coupure mobile séparant la première chambre de la deuxième chambre et présentant au moins un relief formé d'un matériau isolant de l'électricité, ledit au moins un relief étant en regard des portions conductrices,
- a pyrotechnic initiator,
- a first pressurizing chamber in communication with an output of said pyrotechnic initiator,
- a second chamber in which three conductive portions are present, each of said conductive portions being intended to be connected to a phase of a three-phase circuit, and
- a movable cut-off element separating the first chamber from the second chamber and having at least one relief formed of an electrically insulating material, the said at least one relief facing conductive portions,
L'initiateur pyrotechnique est configuré pour produire un gaz de mise sous pression afin de mettre sous pression la première chambre. Le gaz de mise sous pression exerce une pression sur l'élément de coupure mobile afin de le mettre en mouvement. L'élément de coupure mobile ainsi mis en mouvement est configuré pour rompre simultanément les trois portions conductrices lors de l'impact de ces dernières avec le relief. Lorsque le dispositif de coupure est relié à un circuit triphasé, la rupture des portions conductrices permet de couper simultanément le courant électrique circulant dans chacune des trois phases du circuit. Par « phase du circuit triphasé », on entend, sauf mention contraire, le conducteur électrique correspondant à une des trois phases du circuit triphasé.The pyrotechnic initiator is configured to produce a pressurizing gas to pressurize the first chamber. The pressurizing gas exerts pressure on the movable cutoff member to move it. The movable cut-off element thus set in motion is configured to break simultaneously the three conductive portions during the impact of the latter with the relief. When the breaking device is connected to a three-phase circuit, the breaking of the conductive portions makes it possible to simultaneously cut the electric current flowing in each of the three phases of the circuit. By "phase of the three-phase circuit" is meant, unless otherwise stated, the electrical conductor corresponding to one of the three phases of the three-phase circuit.
L'invention propose donc un dispositif de coupure permettant de réaliser rapidement une coupure électrique fiable dans un circuit triphasé lorsqu'un dysfonctionnement survient. En particulier, le fait de couper le courant par rupture mécanique des portions conductrices améliore la qualité de la coupure par rapport à une coupure effectuée par simple déplacement de portions conductrices. En outre, le dispositif de coupure selon l'invention présente l'avantage de couper simultanément le courant circulant dans chacune des trois phases du circuit triphasé. Cette caractéristique permet avantageusement d'améliorer la sécurité et la durée de vie du système en évitant la situation où une phase seulement est coupée alors que les deux autres restent passantes, situation pouvant se rencontrer dans les dispositifs à fusibles de l'art antérieur et qui peut conduire à un endommagement du système électrique.The invention therefore proposes a cut-off device enabling a reliable electrical break to be made quickly in a three-phase circuit when a malfunction occurs. In particular, the fact of cutting the current by mechanical breaking of the conductive portions improves the quality of the cut with respect to a cut made by simple displacement of conductive portions. In addition, the breaking device according to the invention has the advantage of simultaneously cutting the current flowing in each of the three phases of the three-phase circuit. This feature advantageously makes it possible to improve the security and the lifetime of the system by avoiding the situation where only one phase is cut off while the other two remain on, a situation that can be encountered in the fuse devices of the prior art and which can lead to damage to the electrical system.
La présente invention vise également un système électrique sécurisé comprenant au moins :
- un système d'alimentation sécurisé comprenant :
- ▪ un dispositif de coupure tel que décrit plus haut,
- ▪ un élément de contrôle du système électrique configuré pour actionner l'initiateur lorsque la valeur d'un paramètre de fonctionnement du système électrique atteint une valeur prédéterminée, et
- un dispositif électrique relié audit système d'alimentation et destiné à être alimenté par ce dernier.
- a secure power supply system comprising:
- ▪ a cut-off device as described above,
- An electrical system control element configured to actuate the initiator when the value of an operating parameter of the electrical system reaches a predetermined value, and
- an electrical device connected to said power system and intended to be powered by the latter.
L'élément de contrôle permet d'actionner l'initiateur, et donc la coupure de chacune des phases du circuit triphasé, lorsqu'un dysfonctionnement survient dans le système électrique. Comme il sera détaillé plus bas, le paramètre de fonctionnement peut être relatif au système d'alimentation ou au dispositif électrique. Le paramètre de fonctionnement peut être un paramètre électrique, comme l'intensité d'un courant, ou un paramètre physique non électrique, comme la pression ou la température.The control element makes it possible to actuate the initiator, and thus cut off each phase of the three-phase circuit, when a malfunction occurs in the electrical system. As will be detailed below, the operating parameter may be relative to the power system or the electrical device. The operating parameter can be an electrical parameter, such as the intensity of a current, or a non-electrical physical parameter, such as pressure or temperature.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, l'élément de contrôle peut être relié au circuit triphasé et configuré pour actionner l'initiateur pyrotechnique lorsque l'intensité du courant électrique circulant dans l'une au moins des phases dépasse une valeur prédéterminée.In an exemplary embodiment, the control element may be connected to the three-phase circuit and configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the intensity of the electric current flowing in at least one of the phases exceeds a predetermined value.
En particulier, dans ce cas, ledit élément de contrôle peut comprendre au moins un dispositif de mesure du courant configuré pour mesurer l'intensité du courant circulant dans l'une au moins des phases et pour actionner l'initiateur lorsque l'intensité mesurée dépasse la valeur prédéterminée.In particular, in this case, said control element may comprise at least one current measuring device configured to measure the intensity of the current flowing in at least one of the phases and to actuate the initiator when the measured intensity exceeds the predetermined value.
En variante ou en combinaison, ledit élément de contrôle peut comprendre au moins un fusible relié à l'une des phases en série avec le dispositif de coupure, l'initiateur pouvant être relié aux bornes dudit fusible, ledit fusible pouvant être configuré pour déconnecter la phase lorsque l'intensité du courant la traversant dépasse la valeur prédéterminée et pour actionner ainsi l'initiateur.Alternatively or in combination, said control element may comprise at least one fuse connected to one of the phases in series with the breaking device, the initiator being connectable across said fuse, said fuse being configurable to disconnect the fuse. phase when the intensity of the current passing through it exceeds the predetermined value and to thereby actuate the initiator.
Dans ce cas, lors d'un fonctionnement normal du système, le fusible est passant, la tension aux bornes du fusible relativement faible et le courant traversant le dispositif d'allumage de l'initiateur pyrotechnique est suffisamment faible pour ne pas actionner ce dernier. En cas de déclenchement, même incomplet, du fusible, sa résistance augmente, la tension à ses bornes augmente et donc l'intensité dans le dispositif d'allumage augmente permettant ainsi d'actionner l'initiateur pyrotechnique et de couper simultanément les trois phases. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, la mise en oeuvre du dispositif de coupure permet d'améliorer très significativement la sécurité de systèmes d'alimentation à fusibles dans la mesure où elle permet d'assurer la réalisation d'une coupure complète et ainsi d'éviter les situations où le fusible ne coupe pas complètement la phase ou dans lesquelles au moins une phase reste passante après coupure d'une autre phase.In this case, during normal operation of the system, the fuse is on, the voltage across the fuse relatively low and the current flowing through the ignition device of the pyrotechnic initiator is low enough not to actuate the latter. In case of tripping, even incomplete, of the fuse, its resistance increases, the voltage at its terminals increases and therefore the intensity in the ignition device increases thus allowing the pyrotechnic initiator to be actuated and the three phases to be cut simultaneously. In this exemplary embodiment, the implementation of the cut-off device makes it possible to very significantly improve the safety of fuse power supply systems insofar as it makes it possible to ensure the realization of a complete cut and thus to avoid situations where the fuse does not completely cut the phase or in which at least one phase remains pass after cutting another phase.
Avantageusement, au moins une résistance peut être présente en série sur la ligne reliant le dispositif d'allumage de l'initiateur à l'une des bornes du fusible.Advantageously, at least one resistor may be present in series on the line connecting the ignition device of the initiator to one of the terminals of the fuse.
Un tel mode de réalisation permet avantageusement d'éviter la dégradation du dispositif d'allumage par le courant circulant dans ce dernier lors du déclenchement du fusible.Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to avoid the degradation of the ignition device by the current flowing in the latter when the fuse is tripped.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, l'élément de contrôle peut être configuré pour actionner l'initiateur pyrotechnique lorsqu'un paramètre de fonctionnement du dispositif électrique atteint une valeur prédéterminée.In an exemplary embodiment, the control element can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when an operating parameter of the electrical device reaches a predetermined value.
Cet exemple de réalisation est avantageux afin de réaliser une coupure complète du circuit lorsqu'un dysfonctionnement est présent non plus dans le système d'alimentation mais dans le dispositif électrique à alimenter.This embodiment is advantageous in order to achieve a complete cut of the circuit when a malfunction is present not in the power system but in the electrical device to be powered.
Par exemple, l'élément de contrôle peut être configuré pour actionner l'initiateur pyrotechnique lorsque la température du dispositif électrique ou la pression d'une partie du dispositif électrique dépasse une valeur prédéterminée.For example, the control element may be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electrical device or the pressure of a portion of the electrical device exceeds a predetermined value.
La présente invention vise également un véhicule comprenant au moins un système électrique sécurisé tel que décrit plus haut. Le véhicule peut par exemple être un aéronef, un train ou une automobile.The present invention also relates to a vehicle comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above. The vehicle can for example be an aircraft, a train or an automobile.
La présente invention vise également une installation comprenant au moins un système électrique sécurisé tel que décrit plus haut.The present invention also relates to an installation comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above.
Le dispositif électrique peut par exemple être un moteur de train. En variante, le dispositif électrique peut être une pompe à chaleur ou une installation de puissance.The electrical device may for example be a train engine. Alternatively, the electrical device may be a heat pump or a power plant.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 représente une section d'un dispositif de coupure selon l'invention dans la première configuration, - la
figure 2 est une vue éclatée montrant différents éléments constitutifs du dispositif de lafigure 1 , - la
figure 3 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de coupure de lafigure 1 prêt à être relié à un circuit triphasé, - la
figure 4 représente de manière schématique un exemple de système électrique sécurisé selon l'invention, - la
figure 5 représente de manière schématique une variante de système électrique sécurisé selon l'invention, - la
figure 6 représente de manière schématique une autre variante de système électrique sécurisé selon l'invention, et - les
figures 7A à 7C illustrent la coupure du courant réalisée par le dispositif de lafigure 1 .
- the
figure 1 represents a section of a breaking device according to the invention in the first configuration, - the
figure 2 is an exploded view showing different constituent elements of the device of thefigure 1 , - the
figure 3 is a perspective view of the cutoff device of thefigure 1 ready to be connected to a three-phase circuit, - the
figure 4 schematically represents an example of a secure electrical system according to the invention, - the
figure 5 schematically represents a variant of a secure electrical system according to the invention, - the
figure 6 schematically represents another variant of a secure electrical system according to the invention, and - the
Figures 7A to 7C illustrate the power cut by the device of thefigure 1 .
La
Le dispositif 1 comprend un corps 11 à l'intérieur duquel sont présentes la première 7 et la deuxième 12 chambres. Le corps 11 peut par exemple être formé d'un matériau thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable. L'initiateur pyrotechnique 3 comporte un joint d'étanchéité 6 en matériau élastiquement déformable en appui sur une paroi interne 14 du corps 11. En outre, une partie du dispositif d'allumage 9 est, dans l'exemple illustré, logée dans un col 23 du corps 11. Le corps 11 présente en outre deux canaux traversants 11a, chacun des conducteurs 5 s'étendant dans un canal 11a distinct. La première chambre 7 constitue une chambre de mise sous pression et est en communication avec une sortie S de l'initiateur pyrotechnique 3. L'initiateur pyrotechnique 3 est configuré pour pressuriser la première chambre 7. Dans l'exemple illustré, le chargement pyrotechnique 4 est présent dans la première chambre 7. On ne sort toutefois pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque ce chargement est présent à l'extérieur de la première chambre tant que cette dernière reste en communication avec une sortie de l'initiateur pyrotechnique. Trois portions conductrices de l'électricité 8 sont présentes dans la deuxième chambre 12 (voir
Le dispositif 1 comporte en outre un élément de coupure mobile 15 formé d'un matériau isolant de l'électricité, par exemple de Polyétheréthercétone (PEEK GF40) ou sulfure de polyphénylène (PPS). L'élément de coupure 15 sépare de manière étanche la première chambre 7 de la deuxième chambre 12. L'élément de coupure 15 est situé entre la première 7 et la deuxième 12 chambres. L'élément de coupure 15 présente au moins un relief 17 en regard des portions conductrices 8. L'élément de coupure 15 présente un joint d'étanchéité 16 formé d'un matériau élastiquement déformable lequel est en appui sur une paroi latérale 22 du corps 11. La paroi latérale 22 entoure les première 7 et deuxième 12 chambres. Le relief 17 est sous la forme d'une portion de surépaisseur. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'élément de coupure 15 présente un unique relief 17 destiné à rompre simultanément les trois portions conductrices 8. On ne sort toutefois pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque l'élément de coupure comporte une pluralité de reliefs. L'élément de coupure peut ainsi comporter trois reliefs chacun étant en regard d'une portion conductrice distincte. L'invention n'est pas limitée à une forme particulière pour l'extrémité distale 17b du ou des reliefs 17 tant que le ou les reliefs 17 sont aptes à rompre les portions conductrices 8 par impact avec ces dernières. L'extrémité distale 17b du ou des reliefs 17 peut ainsi par exemple présenter une forme plane comme illustré ou encore une forme pointue ou arrondie. Comme il sera détaillé plus bas, l'élément de coupure 15 est configuré pour se déplacer le long de l'axe de déplacement X suite à l'actionnement de l'initiateur pyrotechnique 3. Lorsque le dispositif 1 est dans la première configuration, le relief en creux 20, les portions conductrices 8 et le relief 17 sont superposés le long de l'axe X.The
Un exemple de montage des différents éléments du dispositif de coupure 1 illustré aux
Dans un premier temps, le corps 11 est surmoulé sur l'initiateur pyrotechnique 3. L'élément de coupure 15 est ensuite inséré en force au travers du fond 25 lequel est situé du côté opposé au col 23. Comme illustré à la
On a représenté à la
On a représenté à la
On a représenté à la
Les systèmes électriques sécurisés 30, 30' et 30" qui viennent d'être décrits peuvent être montés dans un véhicule tel qu'un aéronef ou un train ou être présents dans une installation industrielle.The
La coupure du courant électrique par un dispositif de coupure 1 selon l'invention va à présent être décrite en lien avec les
Le dispositif 1 est initialement dans la première configuration dans laquelle un courant électrique (flèche I) peut circuler dans les phases 10 du circuit triphasé et dans les portions conductrices 8. Lorsque le dispositif est dans la première configuration, l'élément de coupure 15 est dans une première position, dite position haute. L'initiateur pyrotechnique est actionné par l'élément de contrôle lorsqu'un dysfonctionnement survient. L'actionnement de l'initiateur pyrotechnique 3 permet de réaliser la combustion d'un ou plusieurs chargements 4 pyrotechniques afin de générer un gaz de combustion (flèches F) lequel va pressuriser la première chambre 7 (voir
Une opération de maintenance peut être effectuée après coupure du circuit triphasé afin de retirer le dispositif de coupure dans la deuxième configuration et le remplacer par un dispositif de coupure dans la première configuration. L'alimentation du dispositif électrique par le circuit triphasé est ensuite reprise.A maintenance operation may be performed after the three-phase circuit has been cut in order to remove the breaking device in the second configuration and replace it with a cut-off device in the first configuration. The power supply of the electrical device by the three-phase circuit is then resumed.
Claims (10)
- A secure power supply system comprising at least:- a cut-off device (1; 1') comprising at least:- a pyrotechnic initiator (3),- a first pressurising chamber (7) communicating with an outlet (S) of said pyrotechnic initiator (3),- a second chamber (12), and- a mobile cut-off element (15) separating the first chamber (7) from the second chamber (12) and presenting at least one relief (17) formed of an electrically insulating material, said at least one relief (17) being facing the conductive portions (8), and- a three-phase power supply circuit connected to the cut-off device (1; 1'), the pyrotechnic initiator (3) being configured to allow the cut-off device (1; 1') to pass from a first current passing configuration to a second current cut-off configuration,characterised in that,- in the second chamber (12) three conductive portions (8) are present,- each conductive portion (8) is connected to a phase (10) of the three-phase circuit, and in that the mobile cut-off element (15) is set in motion towards the conductive portions (8) so as to simultaneously break the three conductive portions (8) by impact with the relief (17) during the passage from the first to the second configuration.
- A secure electrical system (30; 30', 30") comprising at least:- a secure power supply system (2) according to claim 1 which further comprises:- a control element (33; 37; 40) of the electrical system configured to actuate the initiator (3) when the value of an operating parameter of the electrical system reaches a predetermined value, and- an electric device (31) connected to said power supply system (2) and intended to be supplied by the latter.
- The system (30; 30") according to claim 2, the control element (33; 40) being connected to the three-phase circuit and configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator (3) when the intensity of the electric current circulating in at least one of the phases (10) exceeds a predetermined value.
- The system (30) according to claim 3, said control element (33) comprising at least a current measuring device configured for measuring the intensity of the current circulating in at least one of the phases (10) and for actuating the initiator (3) when the measured intensity exceeds the predetermined value.
- The system (30") according to any one of claims 3 and 4, said control element comprising at least one fuse (40) connected to one of the phases (10) in series with the cut-off device (1'), the initiator (3) being connected to the terminals of said fuse (40), said fuse (40) being configured to disconnect the phase (10) when the intensity of the current crossing it exceeds the predetermined value and thus, to actuate the initiator (3).
- The system (30') according to any one of claims 2 to 5, the control element (37) being configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator (3) when an operating parameter of the electric device (31) reaches a predetermined value.
- The system (30') according to claim 6, the control element (37) being configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator (3) when the temperature of the electric device (31) or the pressure of a part of the electric device (31) exceeds a predetermined value.
- A vehicle comprising at least one system (30; 30'; 30") according to any one of claims 2 to 7.
- The vehicle according to claim 8, said vehicle being an aircraft, a train or a motorcar.
- An installation comprising at least one system (30; 30'; 30") according to any one of claims 2 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1562343A FR3045204B1 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2015-12-15 | CUTTING DEVICE FOR EQUIPPING A THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT |
PCT/FR2016/053387 WO2017103443A1 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-14 | Breaking device intended to equip a three-phase circuit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3391402A1 EP3391402A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP3391402B1 true EP3391402B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
Family
ID=55971082
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16820004.6A Active EP3391402B1 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-14 | Breaking device intended to equip a three-phase circuit |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3391402B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3045204B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017103443A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3071657B1 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-11-13 | Arianegroup Sas | PYROTECHNICAL CUTTING DEVICE |
FR3073664B1 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-12-06 | Arianegroup Sas | PYROTECHNIC CUT-OFF DEVICE |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2079538A5 (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1971-11-12 | Thomson Csf | |
DE19746566A1 (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-04-29 | Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh | Short-circuiter for arcing protection device |
JP2001135217A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-18 | Yazaki Corp | Circuit breaker and wire harness unit using the same |
JP5928430B2 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2016-06-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Current sensor, power converter |
-
2015
- 2015-12-15 FR FR1562343A patent/FR3045204B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-12-14 WO PCT/FR2016/053387 patent/WO2017103443A1/en unknown
- 2016-12-14 EP EP16820004.6A patent/EP3391402B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3391402A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
FR3045204B1 (en) | 2019-06-21 |
WO2017103443A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
FR3045204A1 (en) | 2017-06-16 |
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