EP3380339A1 - Aerodynamic wheel cover with vanes having a selected curvature, orientation and transverse position - Google Patents

Aerodynamic wheel cover with vanes having a selected curvature, orientation and transverse position

Info

Publication number
EP3380339A1
EP3380339A1 EP16809914.1A EP16809914A EP3380339A1 EP 3380339 A1 EP3380339 A1 EP 3380339A1 EP 16809914 A EP16809914 A EP 16809914A EP 3380339 A1 EP3380339 A1 EP 3380339A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
plane
vehicle
transverse
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16809914.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eric Palpacuer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
PSA Automobiles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PSA Automobiles SA filed Critical PSA Automobiles SA
Publication of EP3380339A1 publication Critical patent/EP3380339A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/0026—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface
    • B60B7/0066—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface structure
    • B60B7/0086—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface structure having cooling fins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/50—Improvement of
    • B60B2900/513—Cooling, e.g. of brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/02—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins made essentially in one part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Definitions

  • WHEEL AERODYNAMIC WHEEL CHOPPING BRAKE BLADES, ORIENTATION AND TRANSVERSAL POSITION
  • the invention relates to vehicle wheels, and more specifically the aerodynamic hubcaps intended to equip such wheels.
  • Most of the vehicle wheels comprise a rim (generally cylindrical), a web provided with radial apertures and secured to the rim, and a hubcap masking the web and generally secured to the rim.
  • hubcaps called “standard” are intended primarily to fulfill a style function, and therefore do not offer optimal aerodynamic characteristics. They generally have numerous and imposing air passages intended to allow the passage of a large amount of air for good cooling of the braking means coupled to the associated wheel rim. However, this type of hubcap degrades the aerodynamics of a vehicle.
  • hubcaps fulfill a function of style and offer aerodynamic characteristics that do not degrade (or almost no) the aerodynamics of their vehicle.
  • this type of hubcap generally has air passages of small area and therefore that allow a passage of a small amount of air to the braking means coupled to the associated wheel rim, which does not does not allow sufficient cooling of these braking means.
  • the invention is therefore particularly intended to improve the situation. It proposes in particular for this purpose an aerodynamic trim, on the one hand, intended to equip a vehicle wheel, having a clean rim to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle, and a veil provided with radial cutouts , and, on the other hand, comprising blades extending between a central portion and a peripheral edge, separated by air passages and having a profile adapted to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside to the perforations radial or inversely (radial openwork).
  • a theoretical thrust axis having a curvature chosen in a first plane constructed from the longitudinal and vertical directions, and placed at a selected distance from a plane parallel to this first plane and located at the interface with the outside of the wheel, and
  • the hubcap according to the invention may comprise other features that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
  • the curvature chosen may, for example, be between 5 mm and 500 mm;
  • the curvature chosen may, for example, be between 80 mm and 180 mm;
  • the distance chosen may, for example, be between -5 mm and +30 mm; the negative values being located beyond the interface with the outside, the opposite side to the veil;
  • the distance chosen may, for example, be between +6 mm and +18 mm;
  • the general inclination chosen may, for example, be between 2 ° and the general inclination chosen may, for example, be between 7 ° and 17 °;
  • it can comprise a number of blades equal to the number of radial openings of the veil.
  • the invention also proposes a wheel suitable for equipping a vehicle and comprising a rim adapted to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle, a sail provided with radial apertures, and an aerodynamic hubcap of the type shown in FIG. -before.
  • the invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of automotive type, and comprising at least one wheel of the type of that presented above.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a part of an exemplary wheel, comprising a web and a rim welded to each other,
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, the wheel of FIG. 1 with an exemplary embodiment of an aerodynamic trim according to the invention, coupled to its rim,
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates, in a front view, the wheel of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the wheel of FIG. 3 in a sectional view along the axis IV-IV (YZ plane), and
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the wheel of Figure 3 in a sectional view along the axis V-V.
  • the object of the invention is notably to propose an aerodynamic wheel trim EA intended to equip an RV wheel of a vehicle.
  • the vehicle is automotive type. This is for example a car. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. It concerns indeed any vehicle comprising at least one wheel comprising a hubcap. Therefore, it concerns at least land vehicles.
  • the direction X is a so-called longitudinal direction because it is intended to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of a vehicle
  • the Y direction is a transverse direction because it is intended for be parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle
  • the direction Z is a so-called vertical direction because it is intended to be parallel to the vertical direction of the vehicle.
  • the longitudinal direction X is therefore perpendicular to the transverse direction Y
  • the vertical direction Z is perpendicular to the longitudinal X and transverse Y directions.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show diagrammatically an exemplary wheel RV of a vehicle, respectively without and with an aerodynamic trim EA according to the invention.
  • the wheel RV comprises a rim JR of generally cylindrical shape, a sail VR provided with radial apertures AR and fixedly affixed to the rim JR, and an aerodynamic trim EA placed in front of an outer face of the sail VR (in order to mask ( almost) fully the latter (VR)) and for example fixedly secured to the rim JR.
  • the rim JR extends in the longitudinal directions X, transverse Y and vertical Z. It is for example made of steel.
  • the sail VR is for example made of steel or aluminum. It comprises a peripheral edge which is preferably welded to an inner face of the rim JR. It will be noted that in the example shown in non-limiting manner in FIGS. 1 and 2, the web VR comprises sixteen AR radial apertures intended to allow the passage of air. But it can include any number of radial apertures AR greater than or equal to two.
  • the aerodynamic trim EA is for example fixedly secured by screwing, welding or riveting JR rim. It can be made of metal or plastic, such as a polyamide.
  • this trim (aerodynamic) EA comprises a central part PC, a peripheral edge BP surrounding its central part PC, and blades PE extending between (and joining together) its central portion PC and its peripheral edge BP.
  • PE blades are separated in pairs by PA air passages and have a profile that is able to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside (of the RV wheel) to the radial apertures AR (of the sail (VR )) or vice versa (AR radial apertures to the outside). The air is thus deflected in the air passages PA defined between the blades PE.
  • the central portion PC and the peripheral edge BP are each shaped so as to define air deflectors DA which channel the air to the radial apertures AR, and thus allow to limit turbulence.
  • the profile of the PE blades may be that of an aircraft wing.
  • the profile may, for example, be that called NACA.
  • it may be more precisely a profile called "Clark Y” or “Zhukovsky”, for example.
  • a blade PE having an aircraft wing profile comprises a leading edge BA and a trailing edge BF connected by a so-called "intrados" surface, under which there is an overpressure, and by a so-called surface “Extrados", above which there is an underpressure.
  • the air to be deflected first reaches the leading edge BA.
  • such a PE blade has a so-called theoretical thrust axis passing through all its theoretical thrust centers.
  • each PE blade deflects the lateral air flow from the outside (of the RV wheel) to the radial apertures AR (of the sail VR) when its intrados is oriented towards the sail VR, as in the example that is illustrated here.
  • each PE blade could have its intrados facing outwards, and in this case the air flow circulates radial apertures AR (VR sail) to the outside (of the RV wheel) .
  • blowing mode we are in a so-called blowing mode.
  • the hubcap EA comprises a number of PE blades equal to sixteen. This number is therefore equal to the number of radial apertures AR VR veil. Thus, each PE blade is associated with a corresponding radial aperture AR. But this is not obligatory. Indeed, the number of blades PE can take any value greater than or equal to two.
  • each blade PE has a theoretical thrust axis, on the one hand, having a selected curvature d in a first plane XZ constructed from the longitudinal X and vertical Z directions (see FIG. 3), and, on the other hand, placed at a selected distance d1 with respect to a plane P1 which is parallel to the first plane XZ and situated at the interface with the outside of the wheel RV (see FIG. 5).
  • the chosen distance d1 is that which separates the plane P1 (at the external interface) from the plane P2 (containing the theoretical thrust axis).
  • each blade PE has a section, in a second plane YZ constructed from the transverse directions Y and vertical Z, which has a general inclination chosen ⁇ with respect to the first plane XZ.
  • the chosen curvature d may be between 5 mm and 500 mm. This depends in particular on the optimization of the incoming air flow (and therefore the efficiency) that one wants to obtain.
  • the chosen curvature d may, for example, be between 80 mm and 180 mm. More preferably still, the chosen curvature d may, for example, be equal to about 130 mm.
  • the selected distance d1 (between P1 and P2) can be between -5 mm and +30 mm. This depends in particular on the environment of the RV wheel, and in particular the type of rim hook used, the type of tire used or the silhouette of the vehicle. It should be noted that the negative values are here located beyond the interface with the outside (represented by the plane P1), on the side which is opposite the veil VR. Therefore a negative value of d1 means that plane P2 (containing the theoretical thrust axis) is located beyond plane P1 (and therefore outside the RV wheel), while a positive value of d1 means that the plane P2 is located below the plane P1 (and therefore inside the wheel RV, as in the example illustrated in Figures 4 and 5).
  • the selected distance d1 may, for example, be between +6 mm and +18 mm. More preferably, the selected distance d1 may, for example, be equal to about +12 mm. Also by way of example, the general inclination chosen ⁇ may, for example, be between 2 ° and 25 °. This depends in particular on the environment of the RV wheel, and in particular the type of rim hook used, the type of tire used or the silhouette of the vehicle.
  • the selected overall inclination ⁇ may, for example, be between 7 ° and 17 °. More preferably ecore, the selected general inclination ⁇ may, for example, be equal to about 12 °.
  • the length of the blades PE is preferably at least equal to the diameter of the radial apertures AR.
  • the invention it is possible to optimize the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle and thus obtain, in particular, a reduction in C0 2 emissions, without this adversely affecting the good cooling of the braking means associated with the wheel, and without this does not lead to a noticeable increase in the cost of the hubcap.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an aerodynamic wheel cover (EA) fitted to a wheel (RV) of a vehicle, comprising a rim (JR) extending in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle, and a runout (VR) provided with radial apertures (AR). Said wheel cover (EA) comprises vanes (PE) separated by air passages and having a profile designed to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside towards the radial apertures (AR) or vice versa. Each vane (PE) has a theoretical thrust axis having a curvature selected in a first plane constructed from longitudinal and vertical directions, and placed at a selected distance (d1) from a plane parallel to the first plane and located at the interface with the outside of the wheel (RV), in addition to a section, in a second plane constructed from transverse and vertical directions, having a selected general incline (Θ) in relation to the first plane.

Description

ENJOLIVEUR AÉRODYNAMIQUE DE ROUE, À PALES À COURBURE, ORIENTATION ET POSITION TRANSVERSALE CHOISIES  WHEEL AERODYNAMIC WHEEL, CHOPPING BRAKE BLADES, ORIENTATION AND TRANSVERSAL POSITION
L'invention concerne les roues de véhicule, et plus précisément les enjoliveurs aérodynamiques destinées à équiper de telles roues. The invention relates to vehicle wheels, and more specifically the aerodynamic hubcaps intended to equip such wheels.
La plupart des roues de véhicule comprennent une jante (de forme générale cylindrique), un voile muni d'ajourages radiaux et solidarisé à la jante, et un enjoliveur masquant le voile et généralement solidarisé à la jante.  Most of the vehicle wheels comprise a rim (generally cylindrical), a web provided with radial apertures and secured to the rim, and a hubcap masking the web and generally secured to the rim.
Certains enjoliveurs, dits « standards », sont destinés essentiellement à remplir une fonction de style, et donc n'offrent pas de caractéristiques aérodynamiques optimales. Ils présentent généralement de nombreux et imposant passages d'air destinés à permettre le passage d'une importante quantité d'air permettant un bon refroidissement des moyens de freinage couplés à la jante de roue associée. Cependant, ce type d'enjoliveur dégrade l'aérodynamisme d'un véhicule. Some hubcaps, called "standard", are intended primarily to fulfill a style function, and therefore do not offer optimal aerodynamic characteristics. They generally have numerous and imposing air passages intended to allow the passage of a large amount of air for good cooling of the braking means coupled to the associated wheel rim. However, this type of hubcap degrades the aerodynamics of a vehicle.
D'autres enjoliveurs, dits « aérodynamiques », remplissent une fonction de style et offrent des caractéristiques aérodynamiques qui ne dégradent pas (ou quasiment pas) l'aérodynamisme de leur véhicule. Cependant, ce type d'enjoliveur présente généralement des passages d'air de petite surface et donc qui ne permettent qu'un passage d'une petite quantité d'air vers les moyens de freinage couplés à la jante de roue associée, ce qui ne permet pas un refroidissement suffisant de ces moyens de freinage. Other hubcaps, called "aerodynamic", fulfill a function of style and offer aerodynamic characteristics that do not degrade (or almost no) the aerodynamics of their vehicle. However, this type of hubcap generally has air passages of small area and therefore that allow a passage of a small amount of air to the braking means coupled to the associated wheel rim, which does not does not allow sufficient cooling of these braking means.
Afin d'améliorer la situation, il a été proposé, notamment dans le document brevet FR 3 01 1 769, d'équiper l'enjoliveur de pales s'étendant radialement entre une partie centrale et un bord périphérique, séparées par des passages d'air et présentant un profil propre à dévier un flux d'air latéral de l'extérieur vers les ajourages radiaux ou inversement (des ajourages radiaux vers l'extérieur). Le profil est généralement celui d'une aile d'avion, comme par exemple celui dit NACA. Ce type d'enjoliveur permet certes d'améliorer l'aérodynamisme du véhicule, mais de façon non optimale.  In order to improve the situation, it has been proposed, in particular in patent document FR 3 01 1 769, to equip the hubcap with blades extending radially between a central part and a peripheral edge, separated by passages of air and having a profile adapted to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside to the radial openings or vice versa (radially open to the outside). The profile is usually that of an aircraft wing, such as NACA. This type of hubcap certainly improves the aerodynamics of the vehicle, but not optimally.
L'invention a donc notamment pour but d'améliorer la situation. Elle propose notamment à cet effet un enjoliveur aérodynamique, d'une part, destiné à équiper une roue de véhicule, comportant une jante propre à s'étendre suivant des directions longitudinale, transversale et verticale du véhicule, et un voile muni d'ajourages radiaux, et, d'autre part, comprenant des pales s'étendant entre une partie centrale et un bord périphérique, séparées par des passages d'air et présentant un profil propre à dévier un flux d'air latéral de l'extérieur vers les ajourages radiaux ou inversement (des ajourages radiaux vers l'extérieur). The invention is therefore particularly intended to improve the situation. It proposes in particular for this purpose an aerodynamic trim, on the one hand, intended to equip a vehicle wheel, having a clean rim to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle, and a veil provided with radial cutouts , and, on the other hand, comprising blades extending between a central portion and a peripheral edge, separated by air passages and having a profile adapted to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside to the perforations radial or inversely (radial openwork).
Cet enjoliveur aérodynamique se caractérise par le fait que chaque pale présente :  This aerodynamic hubcap is characterized by the fact that each blade has:
- un axe de poussée théorique ayant une courbure choisie dans un premier plan construit à partir des directions longitudinale et verticale, et placé à une distance choisie par rapport à un plan parallèle à ce premier plan et situé à l'interface avec l'extérieur de la roue, et  a theoretical thrust axis having a curvature chosen in a first plane constructed from the longitudinal and vertical directions, and placed at a selected distance from a plane parallel to this first plane and located at the interface with the outside of the wheel, and
- une section, dans un second plan construit à partir des directions transversale et verticale, ayant une inclinaison générale choisie par rapport au premier plan.  a section, in a second plane constructed from transverse and vertical directions, having a general inclination chosen with respect to the first plane.
Cela permet d'optimiser la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule, sans nuire au bon refroidissement des moyens de freinage associés à la roue.  This makes it possible to optimize the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle without affecting the good cooling of the braking means associated with the wheel.
L'enjoliveur selon l'invention peut comporter d'autres caractéristiques qui peuvent être prises séparément ou en combinaison, et notamment :  The hubcap according to the invention may comprise other features that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
- la courbure choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 5 mm et 500 mm ;  the curvature chosen may, for example, be between 5 mm and 500 mm;
la courbure choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 80 mm et 180 mm ;  the curvature chosen may, for example, be between 80 mm and 180 mm;
- la distance choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre -5 mm et +30 mm ; les valeurs négatives étant situées au-delà de l'interface avec l'extérieur, du côté opposé au voile ;  the distance chosen may, for example, be between -5 mm and +30 mm; the negative values being located beyond the interface with the outside, the opposite side to the veil;
la distance choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre +6 mm et +18 mm ;  the distance chosen may, for example, be between +6 mm and +18 mm;
- l'inclinaison générale choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 2° et l'inclinaison générale choisie peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 7° et 17° ; the general inclination chosen may, for example, be between 2 ° and the general inclination chosen may, for example, be between 7 ° and 17 °;
- il peut comprendre un nombre de pales égal au nombre d'ajourages radiaux du voile.  it can comprise a number of blades equal to the number of radial openings of the veil.
L'invention propose également une roue propre à équiper un véhicule et comportant une jante propre à s'étendre suivant des directions longitudinale, transversale et verticale du véhicule, un voile muni d'ajourages radiaux, et un enjoliveur aérodynamique du type de celui présenté ci-avant.  The invention also proposes a wheel suitable for equipping a vehicle and comprising a rim adapted to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle, a sail provided with radial apertures, and an aerodynamic hubcap of the type shown in FIG. -before.
L'invention propose également un véhicule, éventuellement de type automobile, et comprenant au moins une roue du type de celle présentée ci- avant.  The invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of automotive type, and comprising at least one wheel of the type of that presented above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée ci-après, et des dessins annexés (obtenus en CAO/DAO (« Conception Assistée par Ordinateur/Dessin Assisté par Ordinateur »), d'où le caractère apparemment discontinu de certaines lignes et les niveaux de gris), sur lesquels :  Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the accompanying drawings (obtained in CAD / CAD ("Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Design"), from which the seemingly discontinuous character of certain lines and gray levels), on which:
- la figure 1 illustre schématiquement, dans une vue en perspective, une partie d'un exemple de roue, comportant un voile et une jante soudés l'un à l'autre,  FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a part of an exemplary wheel, comprising a web and a rim welded to each other,
- la figure 2 illustre schématiquement, dans une vue en perspective, la roue de la figure 1 avec un exemple de réalisation d'un enjoliveur aérodynamique selon l'invention, couplé à sa jante,  FIG. 2 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, the wheel of FIG. 1 with an exemplary embodiment of an aerodynamic trim according to the invention, coupled to its rim,
- la figure 3 illustre schématiquement, dans une vue de face, la roue de la figure 2,  FIG. 3 schematically illustrates, in a front view, the wheel of FIG. 2,
- la figure 4 illustre schématiquement la roue de la figure 3 dans une vue en coupe selon l'axe IV-IV (plan YZ), et  FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the wheel of FIG. 3 in a sectional view along the axis IV-IV (YZ plane), and
- la figure 5 illustre schématiquement la roue de la figure 3 dans une vue en coupe selon l'axe V-V.  - Figure 5 schematically illustrates the wheel of Figure 3 in a sectional view along the axis V-V.
L'invention a notamment pour but de proposer un enjoliveur aérodynamique EA destiné à équiper une roue RV d'un véhicule.  The object of the invention is notably to propose an aerodynamic wheel trim EA intended to equip an RV wheel of a vehicle.
Dans ce qui suit on considère, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, que le véhicule est de type automobile. Il s'agit par exemple d'une voiture. Mais l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce type de véhicule. Elle concerne en effet tout véhicule comportant au moins une roue comprenant un enjoliveur. Par conséquent, elle concerne au moins les véhicules terrestres. In what follows we consider, by way of non-limiting example, that the vehicle is automotive type. This is for example a car. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. It concerns indeed any vehicle comprising at least one wheel comprising a hubcap. Therefore, it concerns at least land vehicles.
Sur les figures 1 à 5, la direction X est une direction dite longitudinale du fait qu'elle est destinée à être parallèle à la direction longitudinale d'un véhicule, la direction Y est une direction dite transversale du fait qu'elle est destinée à être parallèle à la direction transversale de ce véhicule, et la direction Z est une direction dite verticale du fait qu'elle est destinée à être parallèle à la direction verticale de ce véhicule. La direction longitudinale X est donc perpendiculaire à la direction transversale Y, et la direction verticale Z est perpendiculaire aux directions longitudinale X et transversale Y.  In Figures 1 to 5, the direction X is a so-called longitudinal direction because it is intended to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of a vehicle, the Y direction is a transverse direction because it is intended for be parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle, and the direction Z is a so-called vertical direction because it is intended to be parallel to the vertical direction of the vehicle. The longitudinal direction X is therefore perpendicular to the transverse direction Y, and the vertical direction Z is perpendicular to the longitudinal X and transverse Y directions.
On a schématiquement représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 un exemple de roue RV d'un véhicule, respectivement sans et avec un enjoliveur aérodynamique EA selon l'invention. Comme illustré, la roue RV comprend une jante JR de forme générale cylindrique, un voile VR muni d'ajourages radiaux AR et solidarisé fixement à la jante JR, et un enjoliveur aérodynamique EA placé devant une face extérieure du voile VR (afin de masquer (quasiment) intégralement ce dernier (VR)) et par exemple solidarisé fixement à la jante JR.  FIGS. 1 and 2 show diagrammatically an exemplary wheel RV of a vehicle, respectively without and with an aerodynamic trim EA according to the invention. As illustrated, the wheel RV comprises a rim JR of generally cylindrical shape, a sail VR provided with radial apertures AR and fixedly affixed to the rim JR, and an aerodynamic trim EA placed in front of an outer face of the sail VR (in order to mask ( almost) fully the latter (VR)) and for example fixedly secured to the rim JR.
La jante JR s'étend suivant les directions longitudinale X, transversale Y et verticale Z. Elle est par exemple réalisée en acier.  The rim JR extends in the longitudinal directions X, transverse Y and vertical Z. It is for example made of steel.
Le voile VR est par exemple réalisé en acier ou en aluminium. Il comprend un bord périphérique qui est de préférence soudé à une face interne de la jante JR. On notera que dans l'exemple illustré non limitativement sur les figures 1 et 2, le voile VR comprend seize ajourages radiaux AR destinés à permettre le passage d'air. Mais il peut comprendre n'importe quel nombre d'ajourages radiaux AR supérieur ou égal à deux.  The sail VR is for example made of steel or aluminum. It comprises a peripheral edge which is preferably welded to an inner face of the rim JR. It will be noted that in the example shown in non-limiting manner in FIGS. 1 and 2, the web VR comprises sixteen AR radial apertures intended to allow the passage of air. But it can include any number of radial apertures AR greater than or equal to two.
L'enjoliveur aérodynamique EA, selon l'invention, est par exemple solidarisé fixement par vissage, soudage ou rivetage à la jante JR. Il peut être réalisé en métal ou en matière plastique, comme par exemple un polyamide.  The aerodynamic trim EA, according to the invention, is for example fixedly secured by screwing, welding or riveting JR rim. It can be made of metal or plastic, such as a polyamide.
Par ailleurs, et comme illustré sur les figures 2 et 3, cet enjoliveur (aérodynamique) EA comprend une partie centrale PC, un bord périphérique BP entourant sa partie centrale PC, et des pales PE s'étendant entre (et joignant entre elles) sa partie centrale PC et son bord périphérique BP. Moreover, and as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, this trim (aerodynamic) EA comprises a central part PC, a peripheral edge BP surrounding its central part PC, and blades PE extending between (and joining together) its central portion PC and its peripheral edge BP.
Ces pales PE sont séparées deux à deux par des passages d'air PA et présentent un profil qui est propre à dévier un flux d'air latéral de l'extérieur (de la roue RV) vers les ajourages radiaux AR (du voile (VR)) ou inversement (des ajourages radiaux AR vers l'extérieur). L'air est donc dévié dans les passages d'air PA définis entre les pales PE.  These PE blades are separated in pairs by PA air passages and have a profile that is able to deflect a lateral air flow from the outside (of the RV wheel) to the radial apertures AR (of the sail (VR )) or vice versa (AR radial apertures to the outside). The air is thus deflected in the air passages PA defined between the blades PE.
La partie centrale PC et le bord périphérique BP sont chacun conformés de manière à définir des déflecteurs d'air DA qui canalisent l'air vers les ajourages radiaux AR, et donc permettent de limiter les turbulences.  The central portion PC and the peripheral edge BP are each shaped so as to define air deflectors DA which channel the air to the radial apertures AR, and thus allow to limit turbulence.
Par exemple, le profil des pales PE peut être celui d'une aile d'avion. Dans ce cas, non limitatif, le profil peut, par exemple, être celui dit NACA. Ainsi, il pourra s'agir plus précisément d'un profil dit « Clark Y » ou « Joukovski », par exemple.  For example, the profile of the PE blades may be that of an aircraft wing. In this case, non-limiting, the profile may, for example, be that called NACA. Thus, it may be more precisely a profile called "Clark Y" or "Zhukovsky", for example.
Il est rappelé qu'une pale PE ayant un profil d'aile d'avion comprend un bord d'attaque BA et un bord de fuite BF reliés par une surface dite « intrados », sous laquelle règne une surpression, et par une surface dite « extrados », au-dessus de laquelle règne une sous-pression. L'air à dévier parvient d'abord sur le bord d'attaque BA. Par ailleurs, une telle pale PE présente un axe dit de poussée théorique passant par tous ses centres de poussée théorique.  It is recalled that a blade PE having an aircraft wing profile comprises a leading edge BA and a trailing edge BF connected by a so-called "intrados" surface, under which there is an overpressure, and by a so-called surface "Extrados", above which there is an underpressure. The air to be deflected first reaches the leading edge BA. Moreover, such a PE blade has a so-called theoretical thrust axis passing through all its theoretical thrust centers.
Dans le cas d'une roue RV, chaque pale PE dévie le flux d'air latéral de l'extérieur (de la roue RV) vers les ajourages radiaux AR (du voile VR) lorsque son intrados est orienté vers le voile VR, comme dans l'exemple qui est ici illustré. On est alors dans un mode dit aspirant. On notera que dans une variante non illustrée chaque pale PE pourrait avoir son intrados orienté vers l'extérieur, et dans ce cas le flux d'air circule des ajourages radiaux AR (du voile VR) vers l'extérieur (de la roue RV). On est alors dans un mode dit soufflant.  In the case of an RV wheel, each PE blade deflects the lateral air flow from the outside (of the RV wheel) to the radial apertures AR (of the sail VR) when its intrados is oriented towards the sail VR, as in the example that is illustrated here. We are in a so-called aspirant mode. Note that in a variant not shown, each PE blade could have its intrados facing outwards, and in this case the air flow circulates radial apertures AR (VR sail) to the outside (of the RV wheel) . We are in a so-called blowing mode.
On notera que dans l'exemple illustré non limitativement sur les figures 2 et 3, l'enjoliveur EA comprend un nombre de pales PE égal à seize. Ce nombre est donc égal au nombre d'ajourages radiaux AR du voile VR. Ainsi, chaque pale PE est associée à un ajourage radial AR correspondant. Mais cela n'est pas obligatoire. En effet, le nombre de pales PE peut prendre n'importe quelle valeur supérieure ou égale à deux. Note that in the example shown nonlimitingly in Figures 2 and 3, the hubcap EA comprises a number of PE blades equal to sixteen. This number is therefore equal to the number of radial apertures AR VR veil. Thus, each PE blade is associated with a corresponding radial aperture AR. But this is not obligatory. Indeed, the number of blades PE can take any value greater than or equal to two.
Selon l'invention, chaque pale PE présente un axe de poussée théorique, d'une part, ayant une courbure choisie d dans un premier plan XZ construit à partir des directions longitudinale X et verticale Z (voir figure 3), et, d'autre part, placé à une distance choisie d1 par rapport à un plan P1 qui est parallèle au premier plan XZ et situé à l'interface avec l'extérieur de la roue RV (voir figure 5). Sur la figure 5, la distance choisie d1 est celle qui sépare le plan P1 (à l'interface extérieur) du plan P2 (contenant l'axe de poussée théorique).  According to the invention, each blade PE has a theoretical thrust axis, on the one hand, having a selected curvature d in a first plane XZ constructed from the longitudinal X and vertical Z directions (see FIG. 3), and, on the other hand, placed at a selected distance d1 with respect to a plane P1 which is parallel to the first plane XZ and situated at the interface with the outside of the wheel RV (see FIG. 5). In FIG. 5, the chosen distance d1 is that which separates the plane P1 (at the external interface) from the plane P2 (containing the theoretical thrust axis).
De plus, et comme illustré sur la figure 5, chaque pale PE présente une section, dans un second plan YZ construit à partir des directions transversale Y et verticale Z, qui a une inclinaison générale choisie Θ par rapport au premier plan XZ.  Moreover, and as illustrated in FIG. 5, each blade PE has a section, in a second plane YZ constructed from the transverse directions Y and vertical Z, which has a general inclination chosen Θ with respect to the first plane XZ.
A titre d'exemple, la courbure choisie d peut être comprise entre 5 mm et 500 mm. Cela dépend notamment de l'optimisation du flux d'air entrant (et donc du rendement) que l'on veut obtenir.  By way of example, the chosen curvature d may be between 5 mm and 500 mm. This depends in particular on the optimization of the incoming air flow (and therefore the efficiency) that one wants to obtain.
De préférence, la courbure choisie d peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 80 mm et 180 mm. Plus préférentiellement encore, la courbure choisie d peut, par exemple, être égale à environ 130 mm.  Preferably, the chosen curvature d may, for example, be between 80 mm and 180 mm. More preferably still, the chosen curvature d may, for example, be equal to about 130 mm.
Egalement à titre d'exemple, la distance choisie d1 (entre P1 et P2) peut être comprise entre -5 mm et +30 mm. Cela dépend notamment de l'environnement de la roue RV, et notamment du type de crochet de jante utilisé, du type de pneumatique utilisé ou de la silhouette du véhicule. On notera que les valeurs négatives sont ici situées au-delà de l'interface avec l'extérieur (représentée par le plan P1 ), du côté qui est opposé au voile VR. Par conséquent une valeur négative de d1 signifie que le plan P2 (contenant l'axe de poussée théorique) est situé au-delà du plan P1 (et donc à l'extérieur de la roue RV), tandis qu'une valeur positive de d1 signifie que le plan P2 est situé en-deçà du plan P1 (et donc à l'intérieur de la roue RV, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 4 et 5).  Also as an example, the selected distance d1 (between P1 and P2) can be between -5 mm and +30 mm. This depends in particular on the environment of the RV wheel, and in particular the type of rim hook used, the type of tire used or the silhouette of the vehicle. It should be noted that the negative values are here located beyond the interface with the outside (represented by the plane P1), on the side which is opposite the veil VR. Therefore a negative value of d1 means that plane P2 (containing the theoretical thrust axis) is located beyond plane P1 (and therefore outside the RV wheel), while a positive value of d1 means that the plane P2 is located below the plane P1 (and therefore inside the wheel RV, as in the example illustrated in Figures 4 and 5).
De préférence, la distance choisie d1 peut, par exemple, être comprise entre +6 mm et +18 mm. Plus préférentiellement encore, la distance choisie d1 peut, par exemple, être égale à environ +12 mm. Egalement à titre d'exemple, l'inclinaison générale choisie Θ peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 2° et 25° . Cela dépend notamment de l'environnement de la roue RV, et notamment du type de crochet de jante utilisé, du type de pneumatique utilisé ou de la silhouette du véhicule. Preferably, the selected distance d1 may, for example, be between +6 mm and +18 mm. More preferably, the selected distance d1 may, for example, be equal to about +12 mm. Also by way of example, the general inclination chosen Θ may, for example, be between 2 ° and 25 °. This depends in particular on the environment of the RV wheel, and in particular the type of rim hook used, the type of tire used or the silhouette of the vehicle.
5 De préférence, l'inclinaison générale choisie Θ peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 7° et 17° . Plus préférentiellement ecore, l'inclinaison générale choisie Θ peut, par exemple, être égale à environ 12° .  Preferably, the selected overall inclination Θ may, for example, be between 7 ° and 17 °. More preferably ecore, the selected general inclination Θ may, for example, be equal to about 12 °.
La longueur des pales PE est de préférence au moins égale au diamètre des ajourages radiaux AR.  The length of the blades PE is preferably at least equal to the diameter of the radial apertures AR.
î o Grâce à l'invention, on peut optimiser la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule et ainsi obtenir, notamment, une diminution des rejets de C02, sans que cela ne nuise au bon refroidissement des moyens de freinage associés à la roue, et sans que cela n'induise une augmentation notable du coût de l'enjoliveur. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to optimize the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle and thus obtain, in particular, a reduction in C0 2 emissions, without this adversely affecting the good cooling of the braking means associated with the wheel, and without this does not lead to a noticeable increase in the cost of the hubcap.
15  15

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Enjoliveur aérodynamique (EA) pour une roue (RV) d'un véhicule comportant une jante (JR), propre à s'étendre suivant des directions longitudinale, transversale et verticale dudit véhicule, et un voile (VR), muni d'ajourages radiaux (AR), ledit enjoliveur (EA) comprenant des pales (PE) s'étendant entre une partie centrale (PC) et un bord périphérique (BP), séparées par des passages d'air (PA) et présentant un profil propre à dévier un flux d'air latéral de l'extérieur vers lesdits ajourages radiaux (AR) ou inversement, dans lequel chaque pale (PE) présente, d'une part, un axe de poussée théorique ayant une courbure choisie (d ) dans un premier plan construit à partir desdites directions longitudinale et verticale, et placé à une distance choisie (d1 ) par rapport à un plan parallèle audit premier plan et situé à l'interface avec l'extérieur de ladite roue (RV), et, d'autre part, une section, dans un second plan construit à partir desdites directions transversale et verticale, ayant une inclinaison générale choisie (Θ) par rapport audit premier plan, caractérisé en ce que ladite inclinaison générale choisie (Θ) est comprise entre 7° et 17° . 1. An aerodynamic wheel cover (EA) for a wheel (RV) of a vehicle having a rim (JR) adapted to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of said vehicle, and a sail (VR) provided with radial apertures (AR), said hubcap (EA) comprising blades (PE) extending between a central portion (PC) and a peripheral edge (BP), separated by air passages (PA) and having a profile to deviate a lateral air flow from outside to said radial apertures (AR) or vice versa, in which each blade (PE) has, on the one hand, a theoretical thrust axis having a selected curvature (d) in a first plane constructed from said longitudinal and vertical directions, and placed at a selected distance (d1) from a plane parallel to said first plane and located at the interface with the outside of said wheel (RV), and secondly , a section, in a second plane constructed from said transverse directions and vertical, having a selected general inclination (Θ) with respect to said first plane, characterized in that said selected general inclination (Θ) is between 7 ° and 17 °.
2. Enjoliveur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ladite courbure choisie (c1 ) est comprise entre 5 mm et 500 mm.  2. Wheel cover according to claim 1, characterized in that said selected curvature (c1) is between 5 mm and 500 mm.
3. Enjoliveur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite courbure choisie (c1 ) est comprise entre 80 mm et 180 mm.  3. Embellisher according to claim 2, characterized in that said selected curvature (c1) is between 80 mm and 180 mm.
4. Enjoliveur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite distance choisie (d1 ) est comprise entre -5 mm et +30 mm, avec des valeurs négatives situées au-delà de ladite interface avec l'extérieur, du côté opposé audit voile (VR).  4. Wheel cover according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said selected distance (d1) is between -5 mm and +30 mm, with negative values located beyond said interface with the outside, on the opposite side to said sail (VR).
5. Enjoliveur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite distance choisie (d1 ) est comprise entre +6 mm et +18 mm.  5. Hubcap according to claim 4, characterized in that said selected distance (d1) is between +6 mm and +18 mm.
6. Enjoliveur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un nombre de pales (PE) égal à un nombre d'ajourages radiaux (AR) dudit voile (VR).  6. The trim according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a number of blades (PE) equal to a number of radial openings (AR) of said web (VR).
7. Roue (RV) propre à équiper un véhicule et comportant une jante (JR), propre à s'étendre suivant des directions longitudinale, transversale et verticale dudit véhicule, et un voile (VR), muni d'ajourages radiaux (AR), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un enjoliveur aérodynamique (EA) selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 7. Wheel (RV) suitable for equipping a vehicle and having a rim (JR) adapted to extend in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of said vehicle, and a sail (VR), provided with radial apertures (AR), characterized in that it further comprises an aerodynamic trim (EA ) according to one of the preceding claims.
8. Véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une roue (RV) selon la revendication 7.  Vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one wheel (RV) according to claim 7.
EP16809914.1A 2015-11-23 2016-10-21 Aerodynamic wheel cover with vanes having a selected curvature, orientation and transverse position Withdrawn EP3380339A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1561233A FR3043945B1 (en) 2015-11-23 2015-11-23 WHEEL AERODYNAMIC WHEEL, BRAID BLADES, ORIENTATION AND CHOSEN CROSSING POSITION
PCT/FR2016/052721 WO2017089665A1 (en) 2015-11-23 2016-10-21 Aerodynamic wheel cover with vanes having a selected curvature, orientation and transverse position

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CN (1) CN108290441A (en)
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DE102019107265A1 (en) * 2019-03-21 2020-09-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft One wheel and one wheel cover assembly, method of assembly, wheel cover, wheel, mounting fixture, kit and vehicle

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US7413262B2 (en) * 2003-10-03 2008-08-19 Compositech, Inc Hub for wheel of human powered vehicle
FR2974537B1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2013-06-14 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa WHEEL TRIM COMPRISING AN ANTI-ROTATION DEVICE AND VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A TRIM
FR2998507B1 (en) * 2012-11-23 2014-11-28 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VEHICLE WHEEL TRIM WITH VARIABLE GEOMETRY THERMAL THRUST
FR3003200B1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2015-03-06 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VEHICLE COMPRISING A WHEEL SHUTTER WITH MOBILE SHUTTERS AND CORRESPONDING WHEEL TRIM
FR3011769B1 (en) 2013-10-10 2017-01-13 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa AERODYNAMIC ENHANCER PERFECTED FOR VEHICLE WHEEL
DE102016003963A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-09-29 Daimler Ag Covering device for a rim of a motor vehicle

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WO2017089665A1 (en) 2017-06-01
CN108290441A (en) 2018-07-17
FR3043945A1 (en) 2017-05-26

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