EP3374603B1 - Dispositif de stockage de courant-chaleur-courant et son procede de compensation de charge - Google Patents

Dispositif de stockage de courant-chaleur-courant et son procede de compensation de charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3374603B1
EP3374603B1 EP16805013.6A EP16805013A EP3374603B1 EP 3374603 B1 EP3374603 B1 EP 3374603B1 EP 16805013 A EP16805013 A EP 16805013A EP 3374603 B1 EP3374603 B1 EP 3374603B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working gas
pressure
circuit
charging circuit
turbo
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EP16805013.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3374603A1 (fr
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Peter Ortmann
Werner Graf
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/006—Accumulators and steam compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/06—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein the engine being of extraction or non-condensing type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power-heat-electricity storage device for storing and recovering electrical energy.
  • the invention further relates to a method for load control of a power-heat-current storage device.
  • renewable energies such as wind energy or solar energy have the disadvantages that the available power as a function of time is subject to considerable fluctuations, and that the time of energy production and the total amount of energy generated is not or only inaccurately predictable, which is why a power supply, which exclusively on renewable energy is unstable, causing gaps in care and surpluses.
  • a power supply which exclusively on renewable energy is unstable, causing gaps in care and surpluses.
  • it is therefore necessary to store the electrical energy obtained and time-delayed, usually within hours to days to give again.
  • stable operation of an electrical network requires short-term energy fluctuations, such as occur with solar cells when the sun is covered by a cloud for a short period of time, or when a large electrical load is connected to the grid.
  • SWS storage device It is known to store electrical energy in so-called current-heat-current storage devices, also referred to as SWS storage device. Such devices are also referred to in English as “Pumped Heat Electricity Storage Systems” or abbreviated “PHES Systems”.
  • PHES Systems Current-heat-current storage devices
  • the electric power is converted into heat using a working gas and heat pump, and the heat is stored in a storage tank.
  • Such storage containers are also referred to as thermal potential storage or in English as "pumped thermal electricity storage”. If necessary, the storage tank heat is removed and converted back into electricity with a heat engine.
  • the SWS memory device thus allows electrical current to be stored and released again with a time delay.
  • the document WO2013 / 164562 discloses a SWS memory device, this SWS memory device having a limited control capability. In addition, the low system temperatures cause problems.
  • EP2147193B1 also discloses an apparatus and method for storing and recovering electrical energy.
  • a disadvantage of this device or this method is the fact that the recorded and delivered electrical power is difficult to control.
  • EP2574739A1 also discloses an apparatus and method for storing and recovering electrical energy.
  • This device or this method has the disadvantage that three memories are required, a heat storage, a cold storage and a low-temperature heat storage, which is very expensive.
  • the recorded and delivered electrical power can not be controlled, in particular, no partial load operation is possible.
  • the object of the invention is to form a current-heat-current storage device for storing and recovering electrical energy, which allows a more advantageous absorption and release of electrical energy, and which in particular allows an advantageous partial load operation.
  • a power-heat-current storage device comprising a charging circuit and a discharge circuit for conveying a working gas
  • the charging circuit and the discharge circuit comprise a common regenerator, which is switched to either the charging circuit or the discharge circuit fluid conductively connected, to form a closed circuit and to supply the working gas to the regenerator
  • the charging circuit, a first turbocompressor and a wherein the first turbocompressor is driven by the first turboexpander and an electric motor
  • the unloading circuit comprising a second turboexpander and a second turbocompressor, wherein the second turboexpander drives the second turbocompressor and a generator, and comprising a control device and a density changing device allow to change the pressure of the working gas in the charging circuit and / or in the discharge circuit controllable to regulate the recordable by the first turbocompressor power or the deliverable by the second turboexpander power.
  • the object is further achieved in particular with a method for load regulation of a power-heat-current storage device comprising a charging circuit with a first turbocompressor, wherein the first turbocompressor for heating a working gas mechanical power is supplied, comprising a Entladeniklauf with a second turboexpander, said mechanical power is removed for cooling the working gas, wherein the charging circuit or the discharge circuit comprises a common regenerator, which is optionally connected to the charging circuit or the discharge circuit to a closed circuit, so either the working gas heated in the charging circuit is supplied to the regenerator or the Regenerator hot working gas removed and supplied to the discharge circuit, wherein the recorded from the first turbocompressor mechanical power and / or the output from the second turboexpander mechanical power you a change in the pressure of the working gas is regulated.
  • the inventive electricity-heat-power storage device comprises two cycles, a charging circuit and a discharge circuit, and comprises a common regenerator, wherein the regenerator is reversibly connected to either the charging circuit or the discharge circuit, forming a closed circuit.
  • a single, common regenerator is preferably arranged, that is to say the charging circuit or the discharge circuit has no series-connected regenerators.
  • the single, common regenerator is preferably designed as a porous solid regenerator.
  • the single, common regenerator can advantageously also be formed from a plurality of parallel-connected partial regenerators.
  • the common regenerator comprises a plurality of regenerators connected in series, so that the regenerators are arranged along the charging circuit or the discharge circuit.
  • the inventive device also includes Turbo compressor and turboexpander, that is rotating machines, for compressing and relaxing a working gas in the charging circuit or in the discharge circuit.
  • a turbocompressor of the charging circuit is preferably driven by an electric motor.
  • a turboexpander of the discharge circuit drives an electric generator.
  • the electric power absorbed or emitted by the power-heat-current storage device according to the invention is regulated by changing the density or the total mass of the working gas in the charge cycle or in the discharge cycle, which changes the power absorbed or delivered by the cycle process ,
  • the inventive device can thus be operated on the one hand with full load operation and on the other hand with the help of the density control also with partial load.
  • At least one turbo-compressor or a turbo-expander of the charging circuit and / or the discharge circuit has adjustable Vorleitium to have a position change of the Vorleitrise an additional control option to regulate the recorded or delivered power of the cycle.
  • the regulation of the recorded or emitted electrical power is effected by a combination of density control of the working gas and change in position of the Vorleitium.
  • the regulation of the recorded or emitted electric power is effected by a combination of density control of the working gas and speed control of the turbo-compressor or the turboexpander.
  • the density control comprises a density-changing device, which can both raise and lower the pressure of the working gas in the charging circuit and / or in the discharge circuit in order to change the density of the working gas in the charging circuit and / or in the discharge circuit via the pressure change of the working gas, and thereby the To regulate the power taken up or delivered by the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention have the advantages that a simple, reliable and cost-effective partial load operation is possible, both with regard to recording and output of electrical power, and that the partial load operation has a high efficiency. Another advantage is the fact that a rapid adaptation or modification of the recorded or delivered electrical power is possible. Another advantage is the fact that a rapid change from energy delivery to energy intake and vice versa is possible.
  • the Device according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited for operation in combination with renewable energy sources.
  • the inventive device or the inventive method is also particularly advantageous for stabilizing an electricity grid suitable.
  • Electricity networks with a high proportion of wind and solar energy have a high residual load, that is, a load or power that has to be applied by quickly controllable power plants.
  • pumped storage power plants are usually designed as speed-rigid systems and also have a significantly reduced efficiency in part-load operation. Such pumped storage power plants are therefore poorly suited for operation with variable electrical power.
  • the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention uses turbo-compressors or turboexpanders, that is to say rotating machines, for compressing and relaxing the working gas, and in combination with an electricity network has the advantages that a rapid change of the residual load can be easily followed by a partial load operation high efficiency is possible that in a possible embodiment, a variable speed operation is possible, and that the inventive device is therefore excellent for stabilizing the electricity grid is suitable.
  • the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention is therefore able to provide the two system services required for stable operation of an electricity network, provision of control power and use of control energy, and is superior to conventional pumped storage power plants with regard to these system services.
  • the device according to the invention is capable of constantly balancing the difference between generated and consumed electrical power in an electricity grid, and thus can ensure the stability of an electricity grid.
  • the device according to the invention can be operated in combination with, in particular, renewable energies in order to store electrical energy and release it again with a time delay.
  • the device according to the invention is also suitable for network stabilization, in combination with renewable energies or in conventional electricity networks.
  • a particular advantage of the inventive device is the fact that the provision of control power in the network stabilization causes the greatest costs, and that the inventive device can generate such a control power.
  • the device according to the invention Compared with pumped storage power plants, the device according to the invention has the advantages that it can be produced more cost-effectively, that it can be built in the lowlands, that a smaller space requirement is required, and that they cause a much lower impairment in terms of landscape image and therefore encounter less resistance in the population ,
  • the inventive device has due to the rotating masses of engine, generator and turbomachinery on a momentary reserve and is therefore able to stabilize the frequency of an electricity network extremely short term.
  • the device according to the invention is also able to absorb or release control energy or electrical energy in the short term by a density change of the working gas and / or a change in position of the pilot vanes of turbo compressor and / or turboexpander and / or a speed change of turbocompressor and / or turboexpander, and can therefore provide a positive or negative primary control power, which is to be provided in electricity networks usually within 30 seconds, or also a secondary control power, which is usually to be provided within 5 minutes, or even a minute reserve, which is usually available within 15 minutes is, deliver or record.
  • the current-heat-power storage device according to the invention which could also be called a thermal battery, can be charged and discharged in the same way as an electric battery, in addition to a full charge at any time also a partial load or a partial discharge is possible.
  • the memory concept underlying the current-heat-power storage device according to the invention makes it possible, by means of a corresponding design of the subcomponents, to store electrical powers in the range from 1 to 50 MW and preferably electrical energy quantities in the range from 1 to 250 MWh and release them again with a time delay. Due to the relatively large storable electrical energy or amount of energy, the storage device according to the invention for network stabilization of a power supply comprising renewable energy sources is particularly well suited.
  • the storage device comprises a regenerator.
  • a regenerator is a heat exchanger in which the heat is temporarily stored in a storage material during the replacement process.
  • the regenerator When the regenerator is charged, the heat energy supplied by the hot working gas is released to the storage material and stored in the storage material.
  • the storage material becomes cool working gas supplied, wherein the cool working gas extracts heat energy from the storage material, so that the storage material is cooled and the working gas is heated, wherein the heat energy extracted from the working gas is supplied to a subsequent process.
  • the regenerator has tubes, through which the working fluid flows, wherein the tubes are thermally coupled to the storage material, so that a heat exchange occurs.
  • the regenerator has a gas-permeable interior filled with storage material, wherein the working gas comes into direct contact with the storage material and flows around it.
  • a gas-permeable regenerator has the advantage that the heat transfer surface is particularly large, since the storage material is flowed around directly by the working gas, so that the heat can be particularly fast transfer to the storage material or this can be withdrawn, since the working gas both when loading as also comes into direct contact with the storage material during unloading.
  • the power P of the turboexpander is proportional to the density of the delivered working gas.
  • the power P of the turboexpander is proportional to the pressure p of the delivered working gas. Will the density of the For example, if the working gas or the pressure p of the working gas doubles, the resulting power P is doubled. If the density of the working gas or the pressure p of the working gas is halved, for example, the resulting power P is halved.
  • the power consumption of a turbocompressor or the power output of a turboexpander can thus be regulated by a change in the density or the pressure of the working gas.
  • the prerequisite is that in a density or pressure change, both the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the turbomachine is raised or lowered. This is the case with a closed circuit.
  • the inventive power-heat-power storage device has two closed circuits, the charging circuit and the discharge circuit, and uses the density change or the pressure change of the working gas to control the recorded or the output power.
  • the power consumption of the turbocompressor or the power output of the turboexpander could also be achieved by a volume flow change.
  • a control based on a change in the volume flow has the disadvantage that the efficiency of the power-heat-electricity storage device drops sharply in the partial load or in partial load operation, so that a control of the density of the working gas is much more advantageous.
  • FIG. 8 shows the T, s diagram of the in FIG. 3 illustrated closed Entladeniklaufs 200.
  • FIG. 3 shows the in FIG. 1 shown closed discharge circuit 200, which is configured as a gas turbine process, in detail.
  • the closed unloading circuit 200 for the working gas A comprises a second turbocompressor 210, a second turboexpander 250, a second recuperator 230 having a first and a second heat exchange channel 230a, 230b, a high temperature regenerator 120 and a first cooler 270, the second turbocompressor 210 via the Wave 214 is coupled to the second turboexpander 250 and a generator 290.
  • a density-changing device 300 is arranged, which allows the density or the system pressure of the working gas A or to change the upper and lower pressure levels of the working gas A.
  • the discharge circuit 200 has a single regenerator, the high temperature regenerator 120.
  • FIG. 8 shows with Y 1, the cycle or the T, s-diagram, or the temperature-entropy diagram of the closed discharge circuit 200 at a working gas A with a first density, a low density or a low pressure.
  • the working gas A is compressed by the second turbocompressor 210 to the operating point Y 1B , comprising the upper pressure level, in the present example from 2 bar to 8 bar.
  • a pressure equalization takes place between the lower pressure level and the upper pressure level, so that a standstill pressure, also referred to as "settle out pressure", adjusted, which is between the lower and the upper pressure level.
  • a standstill pressure also referred to as "settle out pressure”
  • the lower and upper pressure levels are established due to the compressors and expanders.
  • the working gas A is heated to the operating point Y 1B to the operating point Y 1C , in particular by the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120, then relaxed in the second turboexpander 250 to the operating point Y 1D , and then cooled to the operating point Y 1A .
  • FIG. 8 shows with Y 2 this left-shifted cycle, or the T, s diagram of the closed Entladeniklaufs 200 at a working gas A having the second density.
  • the working gas A is compressed by the second turbocompressor 210 up to the operating point Y 2B , in the present example from 5 bar to 20 bar.
  • the working gas A is then heated to the operating point Y 2C , then relaxed in the second turboexpander 250 to the operating point Y 2D , and then cooled to the operating point Y 2A .
  • solid lines represent isobars.
  • the cooling process of the working gas A thus takes place in both circular processes Y 1 , Y 2 almost along an isobar.
  • the operating behavior of the turboexpander or of the turbocompressor depends on the inlet volume flow, its speed and the position of the guide wheel or guide vanes. If the turboexpander in the discharge circuit 200 is operated at constant speed, then the volume flow does not change. However, according to equation (1), the density change has the consequence that the power output by the turboexpander is increased or reduced.
  • Such a density control also has the advantage that the efficiency of the machine is preferably unchanged, and that the corner temperatures of the cycle Y 1 , Y 2 and thus the process efficiency remains unchanged or substantially unchanged, such as this in FIG. 8 can be seen from the illustrated T, s diagram.
  • the current-heat-power storage device thus has the advantage that the output from the discharge circuit 200 power, or in an analogous manner, the power absorbed by the charging circuit 100 power can be controlled by a density control, and that the efficiency of the discharge circuit or the charging circuit at Full load operation as well as at partial load operation remains constant or almost constant.
  • the output and absorbed mechanical power of the memory device 1 according to the invention, and if a generator and a motor is coupled to the memory device 1, the output and recorded electric power of the motor and generator can be controlled by the pressure control or the density control of the working gas A.
  • the influence of the Reynolds number has a limited effect on the efficiency of turbomachinery.
  • the Reynolds number has an influence on the heat transfer of the caloric apparatus in the cycle.
  • the density control described above has the consequence that the closed charging circuit of the inventive storage device, in particular the heat pump process of the closed charging circuit, both at full load and at partial load has a nearly constant efficiency.
  • the closed Endladeniklauf the inventive storage device, in particular the gas turbine process of the closed discharge circuit a nearly constant efficiency. The efficiency of the storage device thus remains constant or almost constant even at a partial load operation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a current-heat-power storage device 1 for storing and recovering electrical energy, hereinafter also referred to as energy storage device 1.
  • the energy storage device 1 comprises a charging circuit 100 with lines 101, a discharge circuit 200 with lines 201, a Hochtemperaturregenerator 120, hereinafter also referred to as a regenerator, two density change devices 300 and switching means 400, 401, wherein the switching means 400, 401 in such a way with the lines 101, 201 connected to the high-temperature regenerator 120 fluid conductively and switchable either with the charging circuit 100 or with the discharge circuit 200 can be connected to a closed circuit, so that the charging circuit 100 and the discharge circuit 200, the high-temperature regenerator 120 successively flow in countercurrent.
  • a control device 500 is signal-conducting connected to the switching means 400, 401 and further, not shown in detail sensors and actuators to the energy storage device 1 to control and measure variables such as pressure, speed, temperature, power consumed, output power, etc. to measure.
  • the Figures 2 and 3 show the in FIG. 1 illustrated charging circuit 100 and discharge circuit 200 comprising the density-changing device 300 in detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows the in FIG. 1 illustrated closed charging circuit 100 in detail.
  • the closed charge cycle 100 for the working gas A comprises a first turbo compressor 110, a first turboexpander 140, a first recuperator 130 with a first and a second heat exchange channel 130a, 130b, the high temperature regenerator 120 and a preheater 151, wherein the first turbocompressor 110 via a common shaft 114 is coupled to the first turboexpander 140 and an electric motor 170.
  • the first turbocompressor 110 and the first turboexpander 140 form the basic elements of a heat pump 2.
  • the switching means 400 designed as valves are switched to flow and the in FIG.
  • the charging circuit 100 comprises a high-pressure section 100a and a low-pressure section 100b, wherein the high-pressure section 100a runs in the flow direction A1 between the first turbocompressor 110 and the first turboexpander 140, and wherein the low-pressure section 100b in the flow direction A1 between the first turboexpander 140 and the first turbocompressor 110.
  • a density changing device 300 includes a pressure vessel 301 connected to the low pressure section 100b via a conduit 305 and a valve 302, and connected to the high pressure section 100a via a conduit 306, a compressor 304, and a valve 303.
  • working gas A can be removed controllably from the charging circuit 100 or working gas A can be supplied, so that the density of the working gas A and thus the power consumption of the first turbocompressor 110 can be influenced, so that the charging circuit 100 can be operated by a density change controllable with full load or an adjustable part load.
  • the working gas A is advantageously kept under increased pressure in order to increase the power density of the compressor 110 and the turbine 140 and to improve the heat transfer in the caloric apparatus such as the recuperator 130 or the preheater 151.
  • the pressure of the working gas A is preferably maintained or regulated in a range of 1 to 20 bar.
  • the density changing device 300 could also be configured such that the working gas A of the charge cycle 100 is released to the environment for density reduction, and the working gas A is reintroduced into the charge cycle 100 to increase the density, for example, from a pressurized reservoir , Such an approach would be possible, for example, with a non-critical working gas A such as nitrogen.
  • a non-critical working gas A such as nitrogen.
  • the current-heat-power storage device according to the invention is preferably operated for several thousand hours per year, it is more advantageous if the working gas A is temporarily stored in a storage tank 301, especially if as working gas A a relatively expensive gas such as Argon is used.
  • the storage tank 301 In order not to let the storage tank 301 become disproportionately large, it is advantageous to pump the working gas A by means of a compressor 304 into the storage tank 301.
  • the compressor 304 is advantageously connected to the high pressure section 100a.
  • the working gas A is advantageously returned to the charging circuit 100 via the low-pressure section 110b.
  • the first turbocompressor 110, the first turboexpander 140, the first recuperator 130 and the preheater 151 form a heat pump 2.
  • the working gas A preheated by the preheater 151 and the recuperator 130 is supplied as input gas to the first turbocompressor 110, compressed therein, and thereby experiences a Temperature and pressure increase.
  • the compressed working gas A is fed to the high-temperature regenerator 120, cooled therein, subsequently cooled further in the recuperator 130, and subsequently expanded in the first turbo-expander 140, in order subsequently to be preheated in the preheater 151 and in the recuperator 130.
  • the first turbo-expander 140 and the turbocompressor 110 are disposed on the same shaft 114 so that the first turbo-expander 140 assists in driving the first turbocompressor 110.
  • the shaft 114 is driven by the electric motor 170, wherein instead of the electric motor 170 also another drive device is suitable, for example a turbine, or in general an engine.
  • FIG. 3 shows the in FIG. 1 shown closed discharge circuit 200, which is configured as a gas turbine process, in detail.
  • the working gas A the same gas as in the charging circuit 100 is used, preferably argon or nitrogen.
  • the closed discharge circuit 200 for the working gas A comprises a second turbocompressor 210, a second turboexpander 250, a second recuperator 230 with a first and a second heat exchange channel 230a, 230b, the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120 and a first radiator 270, wherein the second turbocompressor 210 via the Wave 214 is coupled to the second turboexpander 250 and a generator 290.
  • the designed as valves switching means 401 are connected to flow and the in FIG. 3 Switching means 400, not shown, are blocked, so that a closed discharge circuit 200 is formed, in which the working gas A flows in the flow direction A2 or in the discharge flow direction A2.
  • the discharge circuit 200 is configured such that, starting from the high-temperature regenerator 120, at least the second turboexpander 250, the first heat exchange channel 230a of the second recuperator 230, the first cooler 270, the second turbocompressor 210, the second heat exchange channel 230b of the recuperator 230, and then the second heat exchanger 230 High-temperature regenerator 120 are fluidly connected to one another with formation of the closed circuit fluid, wherein the working gas A flows in the discharge circuit 200 in the flow direction A2 and in Entladeströmungscardi A2.
  • the discharge circuit 200 comprises a high-pressure section 200a and a low-pressure section 200b, wherein the high-pressure section 200a runs between the second turbo-compression 210 and the second turboexpander 250 in the flow direction A2, and the low-pressure section 200b extends in the flow direction A2 between the second turboexpander 250 and the second turbocompressor 210 ,
  • a density changing device 300 includes a pressure vessel 301 connected to the low pressure section 200b via the conduit 305 and the valve 302, and connected to the high pressure section 200a via the conduit 306, the compressor 304, and the valve 303.
  • working gas A can be taken from the discharge circuit 200 or working gas A can be supplied, so that the density of the working gas A and thus the power output of the second turboexpander 250 can be influenced so that the unloading circuit 200 can be controllably operated at full load or at partial load.
  • the first cooler 270 is preferably cooled to ambient temperature U.
  • the discharge flow direction A2 flows in the opposite direction to the charging flow direction A1.
  • the effluent from the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120 working gas A is relaxed via the second turboexpander 250 and thereby cooled, and is then further cooled in the second recuperator 230 and the first radiator 270 before the working gas A is compressed in the second turbocompressor 210 and then in the second recuperator 230th is preheated to then flow back into the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120.
  • the second turbocompressor 210 and the second turboexpander 250 are disposed on the same shaft 214 so that the second turboexpander 250 drives the second turbocompressor 210.
  • the shaft 214 is taken by the generator 290 energy.
  • a work machine could also be connected to the shaft 214.
  • first turbocompressor 110 and the second turbocompressor 210 and preferably also the first turboexpander 140 and the second turboexpander 250 may each comprise an adjustable leading wheel 110a, 210a, 140a, 250a. An adjustment of these Vorleitizer allows the power consumption or the power output of the turbocompressors 110, 210 and the turboexpander 140, 250 to change quickly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of an energy storage device 1.
  • the in FIG. 4 illustrated energy storage device 1 a single, common recuperator 130.
  • the working gas A is conducted with the aid of switching means 400, 401 such as valves so switchable that a charging circuit 100 and a discharge circuit 200 is formed, similar to that in FIG. 2 or 3 illustrated charging circuit 100 and Entladeniklauf 200, with the exception that only a single, common recuperator 130 is present.
  • the energy storage device 1 in addition to the charging circuit 100 and the discharge circuit 200, also comprises a preheating system 150 for a circulating preheating fluid V.
  • the preheating system 150 comprises, in particular, a first fluid reservoir 152, in which a heated preheating fluid V1 is stored second fluid reservoir 222, in which a cooled Vormérmfluid V2 is stored, and fluid lines 155, 224 and optionally conveying means 153, 223 to circulate the preheating fluid V in the preheating system 150 and in particular the preheater 151st and the radiator 221 supply.
  • the heated Vorciarmfluid V starting from the first fluid reservoir 152 is supplied to the preheater 151, and the then cooled Vormérmfluid V supplied to the second fluid reservoir 222.
  • the cooled preheating fluid V of the second fluid reservoir 222 is supplied to a radiator 221, and the preheating fluid V heated thereafter is supplied to the first fluid reservoir 152.
  • Water is preferably used as preheating fluid V.
  • the second fluid reservoir 222 could be configured as a container such that the preheating system 150 forms a closed circuit.
  • the second fluid reservoir 222 could also be designed to be open, wherein, instead of a container, a body of water, for example a lake, would be suitable for receiving the cooled preheating fluid V or for providing cooling fluid V.
  • the energy storage device 1 is used for the storage of electrical energy and for the staggered delivery of electrical energy.
  • FIG. 4 shows such a storage device for electrical energy comprising the energy storage device 1 and comprising an electric motor 170 and a generator 290.
  • the electric motor 170 and the generator 290 are combined into a single machine to form a so-called motor generator.
  • energy storage device 1 is therefore particularly low to produce because only a single motor generator 170/290, a single Hochtemperaturregenerator 120 and a single recuperator 130 are required.
  • the first turbocompressor 110, the first turboexpander 140, the first recuperator 130 and the preheater 151 form a heat pump in the charging circuit 100.
  • the preheated working gas A is fed to the first turbocompressor 110, compressed and heated therein, and flows through the charging circuit 100 as working gas A.
  • the working gas A is then passed through the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120, thereby cooled and then cooled again in the recuperator 130.
  • the working gas A is then expanded in the first turboexpander 140 to the lowest pressure in the charging circuit 100, for example to a pressure of about 1 to 5 bar, wherein the energy released thereby in the first turboexpander 140 is used to partially drive the first turbocompressor 110.
  • the working gas A then flows through the preheater 151 and is preheated.
  • the preheater 151 is connected to the preheating system 150 and draws the heat energy from the first fluid storage 152 for the warm preheating fluid, in the illustrated embodiment as warm water.
  • the discharge cycle 200 includes a second turbocompressor 210 configured as an intercooled gas turbine compressor with a radiator 221, and includes the recuperator 130, the high temperature regenerator 120, the second turboexpander 250, and the first radiator 270, which cools to the environment U.
  • the radiator 221 is connected to the preheating system 150 via lines 224, with cool fluid being removed from the reservoir 222, via which conveyor 223 is supplied to the radiator 221, and the heated fluid is supplied to the accumulator 152.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a charging circuit 100 with a density changing device 300.
  • illustrated charging circuit 100 includes the in FIG. 5 illustrated charging circuit 100 a single Hochtemperaturregenerator 120 consisting of four parallel Operageneratoren 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d.
  • a single regenerator 120 is arranged, that is, the charging circuit 100 has no sequentially connected in series regenerators.
  • the single regenerator 120 may be configured as a single container, or may, as in the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated have a plurality of parallel-connected Operageneratoren.
  • the charging circuit 100 comprises a high-pressure section 100a and a low-pressure section 110b, wherein the partial regenerators 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d are arranged in the high-pressure section 100a, and wherein valves 307 to 310 and 321 to 324 are arranged to supply the partial regenerators 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d individually or more in parallel fluid conductively connected to the high-pressure section 100a.
  • the valves 307 to 310 and 321 to 324 preferably only have to be switched on and off and are designed, for example, as flap valves.
  • the number of parallel-connected partial regenerators 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d can be of any desired size, with a number between 2 and 10 proving to be particularly advantageous.
  • the partial regenerator 120a actively involved in the high pressure section 120a in the circuit and flows through the circulating working gas A, while the other, temporarily inactive Operaregeneratoren 120b, 120c, 120d due to the closed valves have no fluid conducting connection to the high pressure section 120a and thus from the loading or unloading process are decoupled.
  • the individual partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d are either heated or fully charged and ready for emptying or for the discharge process, or they are cold and are ready for heating or charging with the upper end is generally hot and the lower end generally a lower temperature having.
  • the individual partial heat storages 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d may also be partially charged or partially discharged.
  • the internal volume of a partial regenerator is filled with a heat-storing material and a gas volume, wherein the gas volume or the porosity of the storage material is preferably between 30-60% of the internal volume of the partial regenerator.
  • the charging circuit 100 comprises a density-changing device 300 for power control.
  • the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120 comprising a plurality of parallel-connected Operageneratoren 120 a, 120 b, 120 c, 120 d, can, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be connected by a corresponding switching of the valves 400, 401 to form a closed circuit fluid conductively connected to the charging circuit 100 or the discharge circuit 200.
  • FIG. 6 shows such an embodiment with reference to an arrangement of the Hochtemperaturregenerators 120 in the charging circuit 100, wherein the Hochtemperaturregenerator 120, in comparison to the in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment, only two partial regenerators 120a, 120b connected in parallel, wherein the arrangement together with those already in FIG.
  • switching valves 307, 308, 309, 310 comprises additional components, namely valves 312, 313, 314 and lines 317, 318 and 319. These additional components, in combination with the partial regenerators 120a, 120b, make it possible to form a density changing device 300, and replace therefore the in FIG. 5 illustrated density change device 300.
  • the charging circuit 100 includes a high pressure section 100a, in which the working gas A is a higher pressure of, for example 8 bar.
  • the charging circuit 100 also includes a low-pressure section 100b, in which the working gas A has a low pressure of, for example, 2 bar.
  • the first partial regenerator 120a is activated, forms part of the charging circuit 100, and is flowed through by the working gas A.
  • the second partial regenerator 120b is used as a pressure accumulator 301, wherein the second partial regenerator 120b is not actively connected in the charging circuit 100, but serves as a buffer for the working gas A.
  • the mass of the working gas A in the charging circuit 100 is changed by shifting working gas A between the second dividing regenerator 120b and the charging circuit 100.
  • the valves 309 and 310 are opened, and the valves 307 and 308 and the valves 312, 313 and 314 are closed, so that the first Operaregenerator 120a forms part of the charging circuit 100 and the working gas A flows through, whereas the second Partregenerator 120b is separated from the charging circuit 100.
  • the pressure in partial regenerator 120b is low, i. at 2 bar.
  • the working gas A in the high-pressure section 100a has a high pressure of 8 bar.
  • an opening of the valve 312 results in working gas A flowing via the line 319 into the second partial regenerator 120b, so that 100 mass is taken from the charging circuit and the density and the pressure of the working gas in the charging circuit 100 thus decreases.
  • the valve 312 is closed again.
  • the pressure in the second sectionregenerator 120b increases to a maximum on the pressure of the first Partregenerators 120a, so that in a second operating state, the second Partregenerator 120b has an increased pressure.
  • the maximum achievable pressure is dependent on the ratio of the volume of the active charging circuit 100 and the partial regenerator 120b.
  • opening the valve 313 results in working gas A flowing from the second partial regenerator 120b into the low-pressure section 100b via the line 317, so that mass is supplied to the charging circuit 100 and the density and pressure of the working gas A in the charging circuit 100 are thus increased increases.
  • the valve 313 is closed again.
  • the first partial regenerator 120a is part of the charging circuit 100 and flows through the working gas A, whereas the second, third and fourth Operagenerator 120b, 120c, 120d separated by valves from the charging circuit 100, but in this switchable.
  • Each of these three partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d can be connected via valves to the high-pressure section 100a or the low-pressure section 100b, so that a corresponding replacement of the working gas A takes place between the respective partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d and the charging circuit 100.
  • the more partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d are available for the exchange of the working gas A the greater the total mass of working gas A, which can be exchanged between the charging circuit 100 and the partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d, which serve as a mass storage.
  • FIG. 7 shows a discharge circuit 200 with a first and a second Operagenerator 120a, 120b.
  • the discharge circuit 200 comprises a high-pressure section 200a, in which the working gas A has a higher pressure of, for example, 8 bar.
  • the discharge circuit 200 also includes a low pressure section 200b, in which the working gas A has a low pressure of, for example, 2 bar.
  • the first Operagenerator 120 a is switched active, forms part of the Entladeniklaufes 200, and is traversed by the working gas A.
  • the second partial regenerator 120b is used as an accumulator 301a, wherein the second partial regenerator 120b is not actively connected in the charging circuit 100, but serves as a buffer for the working gas A.
  • the mass of the working gas A in the discharge circuit 200 is changed by exchanging working gas A between the second dividing regenerator 120 b and the unloading circuit 200.
  • the valves 309 and 310 are opened, and the valves 307 and 308 and the valves 312, 313 and 314 are closed, so that the first Operaregenerator 120a forms part of the Entladeniklaufs 200 and the working gas A flows through, whereas the second Partregenerator 120b is separated from the discharge circuit 200.
  • the pressure in the partial regenerator 120b is low, ie at 2 bar.
  • the working gas A in the high-pressure section 200a has a high pressure of 8 bar.
  • opening the valve 312 causes working gas A to flow into the second partial regenerator 120b via the line 319, so that the discharge cycle 200 mass is removed and thus the density and the pressure of the working gas in the discharge circuit 200 thus decreases. Once the discharge circuit 200 enough working gas A or a sufficiently large mass is removed, the valve 312 is closed again.
  • the pressure in the second sectionregenerator 120b increases to a maximum on the pressure of the first Partregenerators 120a, so that in a second operating state, the second Partregenerator 120b has an increased pressure.
  • the maximum achievable pressure is dependent on the ratio of the volume of the active charging circuit 100 and the partial regenerator 120b.
  • opening the valve 313 causes working gas A to flow from the second part regenerator 120b into the low pressure section 200b via the line 317, so that the discharge circuit 200 is supplied with ground and thus the density and pressure of the working gas A in the discharge circuit 200 increases. Once the discharge circuit 200 enough working gas A or a sufficiently large mass is supplied, the valve 313 is closed again.
  • the first Operagenerator 120a forms part of the Entladeniklaufs 200 and is traversed by the working gas A, while the second, third and fourth Partregenerator 120b, 120c, 120d via valves from the Entladeniklauf 200 separately, but in this switchable.
  • Each of these three partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d can be connected via valves to the high-pressure section 200a or the low-pressure section 200b, so that a corresponding exchange of the working gas A takes place between the respective partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d and the discharge circuit 200.
  • the more partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d are available for exchanging the working gas A the greater is the total mass of working gas A, which can be exchanged between the unloading circuit 200 and the partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d, which serve as mass storage.
  • the charge cycle 100 and / or the discharge loop 200 may also include two or more pressure change devices 300.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the Entladeniklaufs 200 comprising two pressure change devices 300.
  • the first pressure change device 300 comprises, as previously with FIG. 7 described, the pressure accumulator 301a, the valves 309, 310, 307, 308, 312, 313 and 314 and the corresponding lines, as in FIG. 7 shown.
  • the second pressure changing device 300 comprises a pressure vessel 301, lines 305, 306, valves 302, 303, and a compressor 304.
  • the charging circuit 100 and / or the discharge circuit 200 may include the first and / or the second pressure changing devices 300.
  • FIG. 9 shows the performance of the inventive storage device 1 at full and part load.
  • the abscissa axis shows the power Pz supplied to the storage device 1 via the electric motor 170 in percent, or shows the power Pz dissipated via the generator 290 in percent for the discharging process.
  • the maximum power Pzmax corresponds to the maximum possible power of the electric motor or of the generator.
  • the ordinate axis shows the coefficient of performance of the heat pump process for the charging process and shows the efficiency of the gas turbine process for the unloading process.
  • the curve C comprises a first curve section C1 and a second curve section C2 and shows the operating behavior of a memory device 1 according to the invention comprising two partial regenerators 120a, 120b arranged in parallel, as shown in FIGS FIGS. 6 . 7 and 8 is shown.
  • the first curve section C1 shows the course of the coefficient of performance during the charging process or the discharge efficiency with that associated with the FIGS. 6 and 7 described density control.
  • the first curve section C1 extends between 70% and 100% of the supplied or discharged power Pz horizontally, which means that in the range between 70% and 100% no change in the coefficient of performance or the discharge efficiency occurs.
  • the storage device 1 according to the invention thus has the advantage that it can also be operated during partial load operation during the charging and discharging process with a constant coefficient of performance during charging or constant efficiency during discharging.
  • the second curve section C2 shows that the memory device 1 according to the invention comprising two partial regenerators 120a, 120b can also be operated with a supplied or discharged power P Z of below 70% of the maximum power.
  • This second curve section C2 which extends over a partial load range between approximately 45% and 70%, is achieved by adjusting the guide vanes 110a, 140a or by adjusting the guide vanes 210a and 250a.
  • the second curve section C2 thus has on the one hand the disadvantage that the coefficient of performance during charging or the efficiency during discharge decrease.
  • the second curve section C2 has the advantage that the power consumption of the According to the invention, the memory device 1 can be operated in a partial power range between 45% and 100% of the maximum supplied or discharged power P Z max.
  • the curve B shows the curve of the coefficient of performance of the heat pump process or the efficiency of the gas turbine process for the loading or unloading process for a storage device without density change device 300, so that the curve B only by adjusting the Vorleitlig 110a, 140a or by adjusting the Vorleitrate 210a and 250a is reached. From a comparison of the course of the curves B and C, it can be seen that the memory device 1 according to the invention has the advantage that it has a constant or substantially constant course of the coefficient of performance or efficiency in the partial load range between 70% and 100%.
  • the curve D shows the curve of the coefficient of performance of the heat pump process and the efficiency of the gas turbine process for the charging or discharging for a memory device 1 with three Operaregeneratoren 120a, 120b, 120c, for example, in the first Partregenerator 120a, the heat is stored, and wherein the second and third Partregenerator 120b, 120c used as a fluid reservoir.
  • the heat could also be stored in the second or third partial regenerator 120b, 120c so that the remaining two partial regenerators form the fluid reservoir.
  • the first curve section D1 shows the course of the coefficient of performance during the charging process or the discharge efficiency with that associated with the FIGS. 6 and 7 described density control.
  • the first curve section D1 runs between 50% and 100% of the supplied or discharged power Pz horizontally, which means that in the range between 50% and 100% no change in the coefficient of performance or the discharge efficiency occurs.
  • the second curve section D2, which extends over a partial load range between about 25% and 50%, is achieved by adjusting the Vorleitizer 110a, 140a and the Vorleitizer 210a and 250a.
  • the curve E shows the curve of the coefficient of performance of the heat pump process and the efficiency of the gas turbine process for the loading and unloading process for a memory device 1 with four Operaregeneratoren 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, for example, in the first Operaregenerator 120a, the heat is stored, and second, third and fourth partial regenerators 120b, 120c, 120d are used as pressure accumulators.
  • the first curve section E1 shows the course of the coefficient of performance during the charging process or the discharge efficiency with that associated with the FIGS. 6 and 7 described density control.
  • the first curve section E1 runs between 35% and 100% of the maximum applied power or dissipated power P z horizontal, which means that in the range between 35% and 100% no change in the coefficient of performance or the efficiency occurs during unloading.
  • This second curve section E2 which extends over a partial load range between approximately 10% and 35%, is achieved by adjusting the guide vanes 110a, 140a or the guide vanes 210a and 250a.
  • the Figures 10 . 11 and 12 show exemplary possible operating method of the inventive storage device. 1
  • the FIG. 10 shows by way of example a possible course of operation of the storage device 1, for example in an island operation, in which an electrical network is operated only with wind and / or solar energy.
  • the course of the curve F shows, as a function of time, the electrical power consumed by the memory, this electrical power preferably representing the excess power present in the electrical network.
  • the storage device 1 is operated in heat pump mode and the energy stored via the charging circuit 100, so that energy is stored according to the course of the curve H.
  • the heat pump according to the excess electrical power in the network, for example, first operated at 100% of the rated power P Zmax , then with a partial load of 20%, then again with rated power of 100% and then again with different partial loads.
  • the regenerator 120 is increasingly supplied heat energy.
  • the curve H shows the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120, the curve H starts with a storage charge of 0%, and the regenerator 120 is completely filled up to a storage charge of 100%.
  • the electrical network constantly requires additional energy, so that the regenerator 120 must be discharged via the discharge circuit 200.
  • the curve J shows a possible discharge operation of the storage device 1 as a function of time. The curve J thus shows the operation of the end circuit 200.
  • the second turboexpander 250 or the generator G is first operated at 100% of the rated power P Zmax , then with a partial load of 20%, then again with partial load of 80% and then continue with different loads. In this case, the regenerator 120 is increasingly withdrawn heat energy.
  • the curve I shows the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120, wherein the curve I starts with a storage charge of 100%, and wherein the regenerator 120 is completely deflated over time, up to a storage charge of 0%.
  • the FIG. 11 shows the performance of the memory device 1 when used for network stabilization of a composite electrical network, it does not matter whether the electrical grid includes renewable energy sources or not.
  • the storage device 1 is constantly driven in a partial load range, for example, with a partial load of 40% or 60%, so that the storage device 1 very quickly absorb electrical power from the grid or can deliver to this.
  • the curve L shows an example of a course during a phase during which too much electrical power is present in the interconnected network.
  • the course of the curve L shows, as a function of time, the excess electrical power taken from the electrical network.
  • the storage device 1 is operated in heat pump mode and the energy is taken from the motor M via the charging circuit 100 and stored in the regenerator 120, so that energy is stored according to the course of the curve L.
  • the storage device 1 is initially operated continuously with a low load load of 20%.
  • the storage device 1 is thus quasi in a Lauergna to remove the power grid in a short time electric power.
  • the charging circuit 100 or the heat pump 2 according to the excess electrical power in the network as shown in curve K operated by, for example, first with 20% of the rated power P Zmax is driven, then with full load of 100%, then with a partial load of 40 %, and then again with different partial loads.
  • the regenerator 120 is increasingly supplied heat energy.
  • the curve L shows the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120, wherein the curve L starts with a storage charge of 0% and the regenerator 120 is completely filled up to a storage charge of 100%.
  • the curve O shows an example of a course during a phase during which tends to be present in the electrical grid tends to low electrical power.
  • the course of the curve O shows the electric power supplied to the electrical network as a function of time.
  • the storage device 1 is operated with the discharge circuit 200 and the energy taken from the regenerator 120 and fed via the generator G in the electrical grid, so that electric power is fed according to the course of the curve O.
  • the storage device 1 is initially operated continuously with a low partial load of 20%.
  • the storage device 1 is thus quasi in a Lauer ein to supply the composite network in a short time electrical power.
  • the discharge circuit 200 is operated according to the electrical power required in the network, as shown in curve O, for example, first with 20% of the nominal power P Zmax is driven, then with full load of 100%, then with a partial load of 20%, and then again with different partial loads.
  • the regenerator 120 is increasingly dissipated heat energy.
  • the curve N shows the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120
  • the curve L starts with a storage charge of 100%
  • the regenerator 120 is completely emptied, up to a storage charge of 0%.
  • the FIG. 12 shows an example of an operation of the inventive storage device 1, during which takes place depending on the network requirement recording or a delivery of electrical power. This mode is particularly suitable for network stabilization.
  • the FIG. 12 shows with the curve P a heat pump operation of the storage device 1 as a function of time.
  • the regenerator 120 as can be seen from the curve Q, heat energy supplied.
  • the curve Q shows the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120.
  • the curve R shows a turbine operation of the storage device 1 as a function of time. The curve R thus shows the operation of the discharge circuit 200.
  • the transition of the operation between the curve P and R takes place in such a way that, starting from the charging circuit 100, the regenerator 120 is switched into the discharge circuit 200 so that heat can be withdrawn from the regenerator 120 via the gas turbine operation ,
  • the decrease in the heat energy stored in the regenerator 120 can be seen from the course of the curve Q.
  • the FIG. 12 shows then with the curve T a heat pump operation of the storage device 1 as a function of time. In this case, the electrical network is deprived of power according to the requirements and the regenerator 120, as shown in the curve Q, thermal energy supplied.
  • the curve W shows a gas turbine operation of the storage device 1 as a function of time.
  • the curve W thus again shows the operation of the discharge circuit 200.
  • the regenerator 120 as seen from the curve Q, heat energy withdrawn and fed electrical power to the electrical network.
  • the inventive storage device 1 is in an advantageous method continuously with the in FIG. 12 operated method operated.
  • FIG. 13 shows by way of example a method how the power consumed by the memory device 1 according to the invention or by the charging circuit 100 can be changed quickly.
  • the curve P shows the absorbed power in%, which is reduced from 100% of the current power to 70%.
  • the curve X shows the change in the density in the charge circuit 10 in% 0.
  • the curve X shows that the density in the charge circuit 100 is reduced, which, however, requires a certain amount of time.
  • the curve Z shows the relative position of the guide wheels 110a, 140a.
  • the Vorleitradver ein initially has the relative value 80.
  • the Vorverradver ein is changed to the relative value 30, with the result that the angle of the guide wheels is changed, the position of the Vorleitizer later restored to the original relative value 80th is returned again.
  • the change in the advance-pitch adjustment means that the power P absorbed by the engine M drops rapidly.
  • the idler gears 110a, 140a and density change of the working gas A has the consequence that the power P can be changed in a short time.
  • the FIG. 12 shows a reduction in the power P received by the memory device 1.
  • an increase in the power P received by the memory device 1 can also be effected by temporarily increasing the power consumed by changing the pilot wheel position, then changing the density in the working gas A. and the impeller position returns to its original position as soon as the changed density has caused the power absorbed to correspond to the predetermined power.
  • the described method can be used analogously in the discharge circuit 200, in that the electrical power output by the discharge circuit 200 can be changed more rapidly as a result of this, as shown in FIG FIG. 13 shown, the Vorleitrad ein the guide wheels 210a, 250a is changed in the discharge circuit 200, wherein the density of the working gas A is changed, and wherein the Vorleitrad ein after a certain time, as in FIG. 13 shown, is returned to the starting position.
  • Another method of rapidly changing the power consumed by the inventive storage device 1 is to change the original speed of the compressor and expander.
  • Such a speed change may be used in place of the change in position of the Vorleitizer or in combination with the change in position of the Vorleitrate.
  • the speed is preferably only temporarily changed, as shown in the curve Z, until the density control can ensure the desired target value alone, so that the speed is again operated at the original speed.

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Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif d'accumulation de courante-chaleur-courante (1), comprenant un circuit de charge (100) ainsi qu'un circuit de décharge (200) servant à transporter un gaz de travail (A), le circuit de charge (100) ainsi que le circuit de décharge (200) comportant un régénérateur (120) commun, lequel est relié en conduction fluidique de manière permutable soit au circuit de charge (100), soit au circuit de décharge (200) en formant un circuit fermé en vue d'acheminer le gaz de travail (A) au régénérateur (120), le circuit de charge (100) comprenant un premier turbocompresseur (110) ainsi qu'un premier turbodétendeur (140), le premier turbocompresseur (110) étant entraîné par le premier turbodétendeur (140) ainsi que par un moteur électrique (170), le circuit de décharge (200) comprenant un deuxième turbodétendeur (250) et un deuxième turbocompresseur (210), le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) entraînant le deuxième turbocompresseur (210) ainsi qu'un générateur (290), caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de régulation (500) ainsi qu'un dispositif de variation de la densité (300) sont disposés et configurés de telle sorte que ceux-ci permettent de modifier de manière commandable la pression du gaz de travail (A) dans le circuit de charge (100) et/ou dans le circuit de décharge (200) afin de réguler la puissance pouvant être absorbée par le premier turbocompresseur (110) ou la puissance pouvant être délivrée par le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) .
  2. Dispositif d'accumulation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de variation de la densité (300) peut relever et aussi abaisser de manière commandable la pression du gaz de travail (A) dans le circuit de charge (100) et/ou dans le circuit de décharge (200).
  3. Dispositif d'accumulation selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de variation de la densité (300) comprend un récipient sous pression (301) ainsi qu'au moins une première et une deuxième vanne (302, 303), et en ce que le récipient sous pression (301) peut être relié en conduction fluidique au circuit de charge (100) et/ou au circuit de décharge (200) par le biais des vannes (302, 303) en vue d'acheminer le gaz de travail (A) au récipient sous pression (301) et de l'y accumuler, ou en vue de renvoyer dans le circuit de charge (100) et/ou dans le circuit de décharge (200) le gaz de travail (A) accumulé dans le récipient sous pression (301) .
  4. Dispositif d'accumulation selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de charge (100) et le circuit de décharge (200) comportent respectivement deux portions partielles, une portion à haute pression (100a, 200a) ainsi qu'une portion à basse pression (100b, 200b), de sorte que le gaz de travail (A) présente, dans la portion à haute pression (100a, 200a), une pression supérieure à celle dans la portion à basse pression (100b, 200b), et en ce que le récipient sous pression (301) peut être relié à la portion à basse pression (100b) par le biais de la première vanne (302), et en ce que le récipient sous pression (301) peut être relié à la portion à haute pression (100a) par le biais de la deuxième vanne (303) afin de modifier la pression du gaz de travail (A) dans le récipient sous pression (301) par une commutation de la première et/ou de la deuxième vanne (302, 303).
  5. Dispositif d'accumulation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le régénérateur (120) commun comprend au moins deux et de préférence trois ou quatre régénérateurs partiels (120a, 120b, 120c, 120d) branchés en parallèle.
  6. Dispositif d'accumulation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier turbocompresseur (110) et le deuxième turbocompresseur (210) et de préférence aussi le premier turbodétendeur (140) et le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) comprennent un pré-diffuseur (110a, 210a) positionnable.
  7. Procédé de régulation de charge d'un dispositif d'accumulation de courant-chaleur-courant (1), comprenant un circuit de charge (100) doté d'un premier turbocompresseur (110), de la puissance mécanique étant acheminée au premier turbocompresseur (110) en vue de chauffer un gaz de travail (A), comprenant un circuit de décharge (200) doté d'un deuxième turbodétendeur (250), de la puissance mécanique étant prélevée du deuxième turbodétendeur (250) en vue de refroidir le gaz de travail (A), le circuit de charge (100) ou le circuit de décharge (200) comprenant un régénérateur (120) commun, lequel est relié au choix au circuit de charge (100) ou au circuit de décharge (200) en formant un circuit fermé, de sorte que soit le gaz de travail (A) chauffé dans le circuit de charge (100) est acheminé au régénérateur (120), soit du gaz de travail (A) chauffé est prélevé du régénérateur (120) et acheminé au circuit de décharge (200), la puissance mécanique absorbée par le premier turbocompresseur (110) et/ou la puissance mécanique délivrée par le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) étant régulée par une modification de la pression du gaz de travail (A).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la pression du gaz de travail (A) dans le circuit de charge (100) et/ou dans le circuit de décharge (200) est relevée afin d'augmenter la puissance mécanique absorbée par le premier turbocompresseur (110) et/ou la puissance mécanique délivrée par le deuxième turbodétendeur (250), et en ce que la pression du gaz de travail (A) est abaissée afin de réduire la puissance mécanique absorbée par le premier turbocompresseur (110) et/ou la puissance mécanique délivrée par le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) .
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de charge (100) et le circuit de décharge (200) comprennent un régénérateur (120) commun unique auquel est acheminé le gaz de travail (A) ou duquel est évacué le gaz de travail (A).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le premier turbocompresseur (110) du circuit de charge (100) et/ou le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) du circuit de décharge (200) fonctionnent à vitesse de rotation constante et ainsi avec un débit volumique constant, et en ce que la puissance mécanique absorbée ou délivrée par le dispositif d'accumulation (1) est régulée en modifiant en conséquence la pression et ainsi la densité du gaz de travail (A).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le premier turbocompresseur (110) est entraîné par un premier turbodétendeur (140) et un moteur électrique (170), le gaz de travail (A) du circuit de charge (100) étant détendu dans le premier turbodétendeur (140), et en ce que le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) entraîne un deuxième turbocompresseur (210) et un générateur (290), le gaz de travail (A) du circuit de décharge (200) étant comprimé dans le deuxième turbocompresseur (210).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la pression du gaz de travail (A) dans le circuit de charge (100) et/ou dans le circuit de décharge (200) est modifiée par un échange du gaz de travail (A) entre un récipient sous pression (301) ainsi que le circuit de charge (100) et/ou le circuit de décharge (200).
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de travail (A) dans le circuit de charge (100) ainsi que dans le circuit de décharge (200) est comprimé et détendu, de sorte que le circuit de charge (100) et le circuit de décharge (200) comprennent chacun deux portions partielles, une portion à haute pression (100a, 200a) ainsi qu'une portion à basse pression (100b, 200b), de sorte que le gaz de travail (A) présente, dans la portion à haute pression (100a, 200a), une pression supérieure à celle dans la portion à basse pression (100b, 200b), et en ce que le gaz de travail (A) est acheminé au récipient sous pression (301) ou en est évacué en reliant le récipient sous pression (301) soit à la portion partielle à haute pression (100a, 200a), soit à la portion partielle à basse pression (100b, 200b).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le régénérateur (120) commun comprend au moins deux et de préférence trois ou quatre régénérateurs partiels (120a, 120b, 120c, 120d) branchés en parallèle, lesquels sont reliés individuellement ou en groupe au circuit de charge (100) ou au circuit de décharge (200).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la puissance mécanique absorbée par le premier turbocompresseur (110) et/ou la puissance mécanique délivrée par le deuxième turbodétendeur (250) est régulée par un changement de position du pré-diffuseur (110a, 210a) du premier turbocompresseur (110) et du deuxième turbocompresseur (210) et de préférence aussi du premier turbodétendeur (140) et du deuxième turbodétendeur (250).
EP16805013.6A 2015-11-10 2016-11-10 Dispositif de stockage de courant-chaleur-courant et son procede de compensation de charge Not-in-force EP3374603B1 (fr)

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EP15193987 2015-11-10
PCT/EP2016/077319 WO2017081186A1 (fr) 2015-11-10 2016-11-10 Dispositif d'accumulation courant-chaleur-courant et procédé de régulation de charge de ce dernier

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EP3374603B1 true EP3374603B1 (fr) 2019-08-14

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WO2018078062A1 (fr) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-03 Peter Ortmann Dispositif d'accumulation d'énergie et procédé d'accumulation d'énergie

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FR2916101B1 (fr) 2007-05-11 2009-08-21 Saipem Sa Installation et procedes de stockage et restitution d'energie electrique
EP2574739A1 (fr) 2011-09-29 2013-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de stockage d'énergie thermique et son procédé de fonctionnement
DE102011088380A1 (de) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energiespeichervorrichtung mit offenem Ladekreislauf zur Speicherung saisonal anfallender elektrischer Überschussenergie
GB2501685A (en) 2012-04-30 2013-11-06 Isentropic Ltd Apparatus for storing energy
DE102013217607B4 (de) * 2013-09-04 2023-12-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Dampf, Verfahren zum Speichern und späteren Bereitstellen von Energie, Dampfbereitstellungsvorrichtungund Verwendung einer Dampfbereitstellungsvorrichtung

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