EP3365756A1 - Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback - Google Patents

Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Info

Publication number
EP3365756A1
EP3365756A1 EP17751545.9A EP17751545A EP3365756A1 EP 3365756 A1 EP3365756 A1 EP 3365756A1 EP 17751545 A EP17751545 A EP 17751545A EP 3365756 A1 EP3365756 A1 EP 3365756A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
movement
user interface
tactile output
touch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17751545.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Camille MOUSSETTE
Jean-Pierre M. Mouilleseaux
Madeleine S. CORDIER
Sebastian J. BAUER
Daniel T. PRESTON
Hugo D. VERWEIJ
Peter L. HAJAS
Imran A. Chaudhri
Gary L. BUTCHER
Joshua B. KOPIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apple Inc
Original Assignee
Apple Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DKPA201670729A external-priority patent/DK179489B1/en
Application filed by Apple Inc filed Critical Apple Inc
Priority to EP20155940.8A priority Critical patent/EP3674871A1/en
Priority to EP18183341.9A priority patent/EP3410263A1/en
Priority to EP18191063.9A priority patent/EP3425489A1/en
Publication of EP3365756A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365756A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/04817—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/0482—Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04842—Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/0485—Scrolling or panning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04886—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/01—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/01
    • G06F2203/014—Force feedback applied to GUI
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04105—Pressure sensors for measuring the pressure or force exerted on the touch surface without providing the touch position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/04806—Zoom, i.e. interaction techniques or interactors for controlling the zooming operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/22—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a touch pad, a touch sensor or a touch detector

Definitions

  • This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that generate tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user.
  • Example touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interfaces and objects therein on a display.
  • Example user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, and control elements such as buttons and other graphics.
  • Haptic feedback typically in combination with visual and/or audio feedback, is often used in an attempt to make manipulation of user interfaces and user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user, thereby improving the operability of electronic devices. But conventional methods of providing haptic feedback are not as helpful as they could be.
  • Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for providing haptic feedback.
  • Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user by helping the user to understand the connection between provided inputs and device responses to the inputs, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface.
  • the device is a desktop computer.
  • the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device).
  • the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch).
  • the device has a touchpad.
  • the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a "touch screen” or "touch-screen display").
  • the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non- transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a first item; while displaying the user interface that includes the first item, detecting a first portion of an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, where the detecting the first portion of the input by the first contact includes detecting the first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first item, and detecting a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the method further includes, in response to detecting the first portion of the input that includes the first movement of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the first contact meets first movement-threshold criteria that are a precondition for performing a first operation, generating a first tactile output, where the first tactile output indicates that the first movement-threshold criteria for the first operation have been met; and in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the first contact does not meet the first movement-threshold criteria for the first operation, forgoing generation of the first tactile output.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces, a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect contacts, one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs, and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a performing unit, a moving unit, a revealing unit, and a replacing unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of, on the display unit, a user interface that includes a first item; while displaying the user interface that includes the first item, detect a first portion of an input by a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, where detecting the first portion of the input by the first contact includes detecting the first contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to the first item, and detecting a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: in response to detecting the first portion of the input that includes the first movement of the first contact: in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the first contact meets first movement-threshold criteria that are a precondition for performing a first operation, generate a first tactile output, where the first tactile output indicates that the first movement-threshold criteria for the first operation have been met; and in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the first contact does not meet the first movement-threshold criteria for the first operation, forgo generation of the first tactile output.
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying, on the display, an item navigation user interface that includes: a representation of a first portion of a plurality of items, where the plurality of items are arranged into two or more groups that are represented by corresponding index values in a plurality of index values and the first portion of the plurality of items includes a first group of the items that corresponds to a first index value in the plurality of index values; and an index navigation element that includes representations of three or more of the plurality of index values.
  • the method further includes: while displaying the item navigation user interface, detecting a first drag gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that includes movement from a first location corresponding to the representation of the first index value that represents a first group of the items to a second location corresponding to a representation of a second index value that represents a second group of the items; and in response to detecting the first drag gesture: generating, via the one or more tactile output generators, a first tactile output that corresponds to the movement to the second location corresponding to the second index value; and switching from displaying the representation of the first portion of the plurality of items to displaying a representation of a second portion of the plurality of items, where the second portion of the plurality of items include the second group of the items.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a switching unit, a replacing unit, a moving unit, and a determining unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of, on the display unit, an item navigation user interface that includes: a representation of a first portion of a plurality of items, where the plurality of items are arranged into two or more groups that are represented by
  • the first portion of the plurality of items includes a first group of the items that corresponds to a first index value in the plurality of index values; an index navigation element that includes representations of three or more of the plurality of index values; while displaying the item navigation user interface, detect a first drag gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit that includes movement from a first location corresponding to the representation of the first index value that represents a first group of the items to a second location corresponding to a representation of a second index value that represents a second group of the items; and in response to detecting the first drag gesture: generate, via the one or more tactile output generator units, a first tactile output that corresponds to the movement to the second location corresponding to the second index value; and switch from displaying the representation of the first portion of the plurality of items to displaying a representation of a second portion of the plurality of items, where the second portion of the plurality of items include the second group of the items.
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, where the user interface includes an adjustable control; detecting a contact on the touch- sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the adjustable control on the display, where movement of the contact that corresponds to movement away from the adjustable control changes an adjustment rate for adjusting the adjustable control based on movement of the contact; while continuously detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface: detecting a first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the method further includes: in response to detecting the first movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the contact corresponds to more than a first threshold amount of movement of a focus selector away from the adjustable control, where the first threshold amount of movement triggers a transition from a first adjustment rate to a second adjustment rate: generating a first tactile output, via the one or more tactile output devices, when the focus selector has reached the first threshold amount of movement; and adjusting the adjustable control at the second adjustment rate in accordance with movement of the contact that is detected after the focus selector has moved more than the first threshold amount; and in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the contact corresponds to less than the first threshold amount of movement of the focus selector away from the adjustable control, adjusting the adjustable control at the first adjustment rate in accordance with movement of the contact without generating the first tactile output.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, an adjusting unit, a switching unit, a determining unit, and a maintaining unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of (e.g., with the display unit) a user interface on the display unit, where the user interface includes an adjustable control; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the adjustable control on the display unit, where movement of the contact that corresponds to movement away from the adjustable control changes an adjustment rate for adjusting the adjustable control based on movement of the contact; while continuously detecting the contact on the touch- sensitive surface unit: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit) a first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in response to detecting the first movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that the first movement of the contact corresponds to more than a first threshold amount of movement of a focus selector away from the adjustable control, where the first threshold amount of movement triggers a transition from a first adjustment rate to a second adjustment rate: generate (e.g., with the tactile output generator unit(s)) a first tactile output, via the
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, where the user interface includes a slider control that represents a continuous range of values between a first value and a second value, the slider control includes a first end that corresponds to the first value and a second end that corresponds to the second value, the slider control further includes a movable indicator that is configured to move along the slider control between the first end and the second end of the slider control, to indicate a current value selected from the continuous range of values represented by the slider control.
  • the method further includes detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the moveable indicator of the slider control; detecting movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the movement of the contact, moving the moveable indicator along the slider control in accordance with the movement of the contact; and generating a first tactile output upon the moveable indicator reaching the first end of the slider control in accordance with the movement of the contact, where a tactile output pattern of the first tactile output is configured based on a movement speed of the movable indicator when the moveable indicator reaches the first end of the slider control.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a moving unit, and a changing unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of a user interface on the display unit, where: the user interface includes a slider control that represents a continuous range of values between a first value and a second value, the slider control includes a first end that corresponds to the first value and a second end that corresponds to the second value, the slider control further includes a movable indicator that is configured to move along the slider control between the first end and the second end of the slider control, to indicate a current value selected from the continuous range of values represented by the slider control; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the moveable indicator of the slider control; detect movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in response to detecting the movement of the contact, move the moveable indicator along the slider control in accordance with the movement of the contact; and generate a first tactile output upon the moveable indicator reaching the first end of the slider control in accordance with the movement of the contact, where a tactile output pattern of the first tactile output is configured based on a movement speed of the mov
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, where the user interface includes a first user interface element; detecting a contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the first user interface element; detecting an input by the contact, including detecting a movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the method further includes: in response to detecting the input by the contact: changing a position of an outer edge of the user interface element relative to a first threshold position in the user interface in accordance with the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; detecting that the change in the position of the outer edge of the user interface element relative to the first threshold position in the user interface has caused the outer edge of the user interface element to move across the first threshold position in the user interface; after detecting that the outer edge of the user interface element has moved across the first threshold position in the user interface generating a tactile output; and moving the position of the outer edge of the user interface element to the first threshold position.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a changing unit, a moving unit, a scrolling unit, an expanding unit, and a shrinking unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of a user interface on the display unit, where the user interface includes a first user interface element; detect a contact at a location on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to the first user interface element; detect an input by the contact, including detecting a movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the input by the contact: change a position of an outer edge of the user interface element relative to a first threshold position in the user interface in accordance with the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; detect that the change in the position of the outer edge of the user interface element relative to the first threshold position in the user interface has caused the outer edge of the user interface element to move across the first threshold position in the user interface; after detecting that the outer edge of the user interface element has moved across the first threshold position in the user interface, generate a tactile output; and move the position of the outer edge of the user interface element to the first threshold position.
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, where the user interface includes a first object and a plurality of predetermined object snap positions; detecting a first portion of an input by a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first object in the user interface; in response to detecting the first portion of the input by the contact, and in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the input meets selection criteria: visually indicating selection of the first object; and generating a first tactile output in conjunction with visually indicating selection of the first object.
  • the method further includes: while the first object is selected, detecting a second portion of the input by the contact on the touch-sensitive surface, where detecting the second portion of the input includes detecting movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the second portion of the input by the contact, moving the first object on the user interface in accordance with the movement of the contact; after detecting the second portion of the input, while the first object is proximate to a first predetermined object snap position, detecting a third portion of the input by the contact on the touch sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the third portion of the input by the contact, and in accordance with a determination that the third portion of the input meets dropoff criteria: visually indicating deselection of the first object; moving the first object to the first predetermined object snap position; and generating a second tactile output.
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a moving unit, a shifting unit, and a scrolling unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of a user interface on the display unit, where the user interface includes a first object and a plurality of predetermined object snap positions; detect a first portion of an input by a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location that corresponds to the first object in the user interface; in response to detecting the first portion of the input by the contact, and in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the input meets selection criteria: visually indicate selection of the first object; and generate a first tactile output in conjunction with visually indicating selection of the first object; while the first object is selected, detect a second portion of the input by the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, where detecting the second portion of the input includes detecting movement of the contact across the touch- sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the second portion of the input by the contact, move the first object on the user interface in accordance with the movement of the contact; after detecting the second portion of the input, while the first object is proximate to a first predetermined object snap position, detect a third portion of
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs, and one or more orientation sensors for determining a current orientation of the electronic device.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, where the user interface includes an indicator of device orientation that indicates the current orientation of the electronic device; detecting movement of the electronic device; and, in response to detecting the movement of the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that the current orientation of the electronic device meets first criteria:
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; one or more orientation sensors configured to determine a current orientation of the electronic device, and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, the one or more tactile output generator units, and the one or more orientation sensors.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a changing unit, and a determining unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of a user interface on the display unit, where the user interface includes an indicator of device orientation that indicates the current orientation of the electronic device; detect movement of the electronic device; and, in response to detecting the movement of the electronic device: in accordance with a
  • a method is performed at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the method includes displaying a user interface on the display, wherein the user interface includes a user interface object that includes a first moveable component that represents a first plurality of selectable options; detecting a first scroll input directed to the first moveable component of the user interface object that includes movement of a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface and liftoff of the first contact from the touch- sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first scroll input: moving the first moveable component through a subset of the first plurality of selectable options of the first moveable component, including moving the first moveable component through a first selectable option and a second selectable option of the first moveable component after detecting the liftoff of the first contact from the touch-sensitive surface, wherein the movement of the first moveable component gradually slows down after the liftoff of the first contact is detected; as the first moveable component moves through a first selectable option with a first speed: generating a first tactile output; and generating a first audio output; and, as the first moveable component moves through the second selectable option with a second speed
  • an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more tactile output generator units configured to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units.
  • the processing unit includes a detecting unit, a moving unit, and a determining unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to: enable display of a user interface on the display unit, where the user interface includes a user interface object that includes a first moveable component that represents a first plurality of selectable options; detect a first scroll input directed to the first moveable component of the user interface object that includes movement of a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit and liftoff of the first contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the first scroll input: move the first moveable component through a subset of the first plurality of selectable options of the first moveable component, including moving the first moveable component through a first selectable option and a second selectable option of the first moveable component after detecting the liftoff of the first contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit, where the movement of the first moveable component gradually slows down after the liftoff of the first contact is detected; as the first moveable component moves through a first selectable option with a first speed: generate a first tactile output; and generate a first audio output; and, as the first moveable component moves through the second selectable option with
  • electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with more methods and interfaces for providing haptic feedback, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices.
  • Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing haptic feedback.
  • an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
  • a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch- sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
  • a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein.
  • an electronic device includes: a display, a touch- sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch- sensitive surface; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
  • an information processing apparatus for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch- sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.
  • electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more tactile output generators, optionally one or more device orientation sensors, and optionally an audio system are provided with improved methods and interfaces for providing haptic feedback to a user, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices.
  • Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing haptic feedback to a user.
  • Figure 1 A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure IB is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 2A illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 2B-2C show exploded views of a force-sensitive input device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 4B illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 4C-4E illustrate examples of dynamic intensity thresholds in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 4F-4G illustrate a set of sample tactile output patterns in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 4H-4J illustrate example haptic audio output patterns versus time that are used in conjunction with tactile outputs to simulate button clicks in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 4K illustrates example combinations of tactile output patterns and haptic audio output patterns versus time in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 4L-4Q enlarge the combinations shown in Figure 4K for clarity.
  • Figures 5 A-5DK illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback indicating crossing of a threshold for triggering or canceling an operation in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 6A-6Z illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with switching between subsets of indexed content during navigation of indexed content in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 7A-7Q illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback during variable rate scrubbing in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 8A-8N illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback for interaction with a slider control (e.g., a brightness slider control) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a slider control e.g., a brightness slider control
  • Figures 9A-9V illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback for interaction with a slider control (e.g., a sleep timer slider control) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 1 OA- 101 illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback for interaction with a slider control (e.g., a photo selector slider control) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 11A-11L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with visual rubber band effect (e.g., in a list user interface) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 12A-120 illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with visual rubber band effect (e.g., in a photo editor user interface) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 13A-13L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with visual rubber band effect (e.g., in a web browser user interface) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 14A-14T illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback to indicate selection, picking up, dragging, dropping, and/or snapping of objects in a user interface (e.g., a calendar user interface), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a user interface e.g., a calendar user interface
  • Figures 15A-15L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback to indicate selection, picking up, dragging, dropping, and snapping of objects in a user interface (e.g., a weather forecast user interface), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a user interface e.g., a weather forecast user interface
  • Figures 16A-16K illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback to indicate selection, picking up, dragging, dropping, and snapping of objects in a user interface (e.g., a home screen user interface), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a user interface e.g., a home screen user interface
  • Figures 17A-17H illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback on satisfaction of device orientation criteria (e.g., device is aligned with particular directions relative to magnetic North) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • device orientation criteria e.g., device is aligned with particular directions relative to magnetic North
  • Figures 18A-18E illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback on satisfaction of device orientation criteria (e.g., device is level and stable) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • device orientation criteria e.g., device is level and stable
  • Figures 19A-19T illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing haptic feedback for selection of a respective value in a value picker in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 20A-20G are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback indicating crossing of a threshold for triggering or canceling an operation in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 21 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 22A-22E are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with switching between subsets of indexed content during navigation of indexed content in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 23 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 24A-24G are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback during variable rate scrubbing in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 25 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 26A-26E are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback for interaction with a slider control in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 27 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 28A-28E are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback in conjunction with visual rubber band effect in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 29 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 30A-30G are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback to indicate selection, picking up, dragging, dropping, and/or snapping of objects in a user interface in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 31 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 32A-32C are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback on satisfaction of device orientation criteria in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 33 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 34A-34D are flow diagrams of a process for providing haptic feedback for selection of a respective value in a value picker in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 35 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Many electronic devices provide feedback as input is detected at a graphical user interface to provide an indication of the effects the input has on device operations.
  • Methods described herein provide haptic feedback, often in conjunction with visual and/or audio feedback, to help a user understand the effects of detected inputs on device operations and to provide information to a user about the state of a device.
  • the methods, devices, and GUIs described herein use haptic feedback to improve user interface interactions in multiple ways. For example, they make it easier to: indicate hidden thresholds; perform scrubbing, such as index bar scrubbing and variable rate scrubbing; enhance rubber band effects;drag and drop objects; indicate device orientation; and scroll movable user interface components that represent selectable options.
  • scrubbing such as index bar scrubbing and variable rate scrubbing
  • enhance rubber band effects such as index bar scrubbing and variable rate scrubbing
  • drag and drop objects indicate device orientation
  • scroll movable user interface components that represent selectable options.
  • first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions.
  • portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
  • Other portable electronic devices such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used.
  • the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch- sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad).
  • an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
  • the device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
  • applications such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application
  • the various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface.
  • One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application.
  • a common physical architecture (such as the touch- sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
  • FIG. 1 A is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system 112 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Touch- sensitive display system 112 is sometimes called a "touch screen" for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch- sensitive display.
  • Device 100 includes memory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units (CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 1 18, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106, other input or control devices 116, and external port 124.
  • Device 100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164.
  • Device 100 optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensities of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch- sensitive display system 112 of device 100).
  • Device 100 includes one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines 103.
  • the term "tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch.
  • a component e.g., a touch-sensitive surface
  • another component e.g., housing
  • the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device.
  • a touch-sensitive surface e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad
  • movement of a touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a "down click" or "up click" of a physical actuator button.
  • a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an "down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements.
  • movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as "roughness" of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users.
  • a tactile output when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an "up click,” a “down click,” “roughness"), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
  • Using tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
  • a tactile output pattern specifies characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of the tactile output.
  • the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the user is based on the user's perception of the tactile output, most users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to the user that different operations have been performed.
  • tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed, selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors (e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
  • characteristics e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.
  • behaviors e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.
  • interactions e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.
  • tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic, such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
  • a tactile output with a suitable tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a device.
  • the events of interest include activation of an affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch) provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture, etc.
  • an affordance e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch
  • tactile outputs are provided to serve as a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely detected.
  • Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user interface and/or the device.
  • Tactile outputs are optionally accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface changes, which further enhance a user's experience when the user interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and increase the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
  • Figure 4F provides a set of sample tactile output patterns that may be used, either individually or in combination, either as is or through one or more transformations (e.g., modulation, amplification, truncation, etc.), to create suitable haptic feedback in various scenarios and for various purposes, such as those mentioned above and those described with respect to the user interfaces and methods discussed herein.
  • This example of a palette of tactile outputs shows how a set of three waveforms and eight frequencies can be used to produce an array of tactile output patterns.
  • each of these tactile output patterns is optionally adjusted in amplitude by changing a gain value for the tactile output pattern, as shown, for example for FullTap 80Hz, FullTap 200Hz, MiniTap 80Hz, MiniTap 200Hz, MicroTap 80Hz, and MicroTap 200Hz in Figure 4G, which are each shown with variants having a gain of 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25.
  • changing the gain of a tactile output pattern changes the amplitude of the pattern without changing the frequency of the pattern or changing the shape of the waveform.
  • changing the frequency of a tactile output pattern also results in a lower amplitude as some tactile output generators are limited by how much force can be applied to the moveable mass and thus higher frequency movements of the mass are constrained to lower amplitudes to ensure that the acceleration needed to create the waveform does not require force outside of an operational force range of the tactile output generator (e.g., the peak amplitudes of the FullTap at 230Hz, 270Hz, and 300Hz are lower than the amplitudes of the FullTap at 80Hz, 100Hz, 125Hz, and 200Hz).
  • the peak amplitudes of the FullTap at 230Hz, 270Hz, and 300Hz are lower than the amplitudes of the FullTap at 80Hz, 100Hz, 125Hz, and 200Hz.
  • each column shows tactile output patterns that have a particular waveform.
  • the waveform of a tactile output pattern represents the pattern of physical displacements relative to a neutral position (e.g., x ze ro) versus time that an moveable mass goes through to generate a tactile output with that tactile output pattern.
  • a first set of tactile output patterns shown in the left column in Figure 4F e.g., tactile output patterns of a "FullTap" each have a waveform that includes an oscillation with two complete cycles (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and crosses the neutral position three times).
  • a second set of tactile output patterns shown in the middle column in Figure 4F each have a waveform that includes an oscillation that includes one complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and crosses the neutral position one time).
  • a third set of tactile output patterns shown in the right column in Figure 4F e.g., tactile output patterns of a "MicroTap" each have a waveform that includes an oscillation that include one half of a complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and does not cross the neutral position).
  • the waveform of a tactile output pattern also includes a start buffer and an end buffer that represent the gradual speeding up and slowing down of the moveable mass at the start and at the end of the tactile output.
  • the example waveforms shown in Figure 4F-4G include Xmin and x ma x values which represent the maximum and minimum extent of movement of the moveable mass. For larger electronic devices with larger moveable masses, there may be larger or smaller minimum and maximum extents of movement of the mass.
  • the example shown in Figures 4F-4G describes movement of a mass in 1 dimension, however similar principles would also apply to movement of a moveable mass in two or three dimensions.
  • each tactile output pattern also has a corresponding characteristic frequency that affects the "pitch" of a haptic sensation that is felt by a user from a tactile output with that characteristic frequency.
  • the characteristic frequency represents the number of cycles that are completed within a given period of time (e.g., cycles per second) by the moveable mass of the tactile output generator.
  • a discrete tactile output a discrete output signal (e.g., with 0.5, 1, or 2 cycles) is generated, and the characteristic frequency value specifies how fast the moveable mass needs to move to generate a tactile output with that characteristic frequency.
  • a higher frequency value corresponds to faster movement(s) by the moveable mass, and hence, in general, a shorter time to complete the tactile output (e.g., including the time to complete the required number of cycle(s) for the discrete tactile output, plus a start and an end buffer time).
  • a FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 80Hz takes longer to complete than FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 100Hz (e.g., 35.4ms vs. 28.3ms in Figure 4F).
  • a tactile output with more cycles in its waveform at a respective frequency takes longer to complete than a tactile output with fewer cycles its waveform at the same respective frequency.
  • a FullTap at 150Hz takes longer to complete than a MiniTap at 150Hz (e.g., 19.4ms vs.
  • a MiniTap at 150Hz takes longer to complete than a MicroTap at 150Hz (e.g., 12.8ms vs. 9.4ms).
  • this rule may not apply (e.g., tactile outputs with more cycles but a higher frequency may take a shorter amount of time to complete than tactile outputs with fewer cycles but a lower frequency, and vice versa).
  • a FullTap takes as long as a MiniTap (e.g., 9.9 ms).
  • a tactile output pattern also has a characteristic amplitude that affects the amount of energy that is contained in a tactile signal, or a
  • the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern refers to an absolute or normalized value that represents the maximum displacement of the moveable mass from a neutral position when generating the tactile output.
  • the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern is adjustable, e.g., by a fixed or dynamically determined gain factor (e.g., a value between 0 and 1), in accordance with various conditions (e.g., customized based on user interface contexts and behaviors) and/or preconfigured metrics (e.g., input-based metrics, and/or user-interface- based metrics).
  • an input-based metric measures a characteristic of an input (e.g., a rate of change of a characteristic intensity of a contact in a press input or a rate of movement of the contact across a touch-sensitive surface) during the input that triggers generation of a tactile output.
  • a user-interface-based metric e.g., a speed-across-boundary metric measures a characteristic of a user interface element (e.g., a speed of movement of the element across a hidden or visible boundary in a user interface) during the user interface change that triggers generation of the tactile output.
  • the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern may be modulated by an "envelope" and the peaks of adjacent cycles may have different amplitudes, where one of the waveforms shown above is further modified by multiplication by an envelope parameter that changes over time (e.g., from 0 to 1) to gradually adjust amplitude of portions of the tactile output over time as the tactile output is being generated.
  • an envelope parameter that changes over time (e.g., from 0 to 1) to gradually adjust amplitude of portions of the tactile output over time as the tactile output is being generated.
  • a level state e.g., 0 degrees tilt in any axis for 0.5 seconds
  • Crossing over a detent in a scrubber e.g., text size, haptic strength, display brightness, display color temperature
  • Gain max 0.6 time (e.g., 15 min) in sleep alarm
  • Swipe to delete a table row e.g., a document in a document creation/viewing application, a note in a
  • Swipe out notes application, a location in a weather
  • MicroTap application a podcast in a podcast application, a High (270Hz) song in a playlist in a music application, a voice memo in a voice recording application
  • payment e.g., biometric authentication or passcode
  • Table 1 The examples shown above in Table 1 are intended to illustrate a range of circumstances in which tactile outputs can be generated for different inputs and events. Table 1 should not be taken as a requirement that a device respond to each of the listed inputs or events with the indicated tactile output. Rather, Table 1 is intended to illustrate how tactile outputs vary and/or are similar for different inputs and/or events (e.g., based on the tactile output pattern, frequency, gain, etc.). For example Table 1 shows how an "event success" tactile output varies from an "event failure” tactile output and how a retarget tactile output differs from an impact tactile output.
  • Figures 4H-4J illustrate example haptic audio output patterns versus time that are used in conjunction with tactile outputs to simulate button clicks in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 4K illustrates example combinations of tactile output patterns and haptic audio output patterns versus time in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 4L- 4Q enlarge the combinations shown in Figure 4K for clarity.
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click Al audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click A" Normal MiniTap (230Hz) to simulate a first down- click in a "normal” first click, as shown in Figure 4K (first row in the First Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 4L, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a
  • “normal” hard/fast press In this example, “Click Al audio” is offset from the start of the "Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) tactile output by 2 ms. In some cases, the same “Click Al audio” and “Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) are played to simulate the first up-click that follows the first down-click. In some cases, the gain of the "Click Al audio” and/or “Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the up-click relative to the preceding down-click.
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click Al audio” is also played in conjunction with "Click A" Soft MiniTap (230Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "soft" first click, as shown in Figure 4K (second row in the First Click column) and the lower portion of Figure 4L, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is below a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a "soft” and/or slow press).
  • the gain of the "Click Al audio” and “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the "soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down- click.
  • "Click Al audio” is offset from the start of the "Click A" Soft MiniTap (230Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "soft" first click, as shown in Figure 4K (second row in the First Click column) and the lower portion of Figure 4L, where the rate of change of intensity
  • the same "Click Al audio” and “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are played to simulate the first up-click that follows the first down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click Al audio” and/or “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the up-click relative to the preceding down-click.
  • the bottom haptic audio pattern "Click A2 audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click A" Normal MiniTap (230Hz) to simulate a second down-click in a "normal” second click that follows the first click within a predetermined period of time (e.g., as the second click in a double click input), as shown in Figure 4K (first row in the Second Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 4M, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact in the second click is making a "normal” hard/fast press).
  • “Click A2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) tactile output by 2 ms.
  • the same “Click A2 audio” and “Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down- click.
  • the gain of the "Click A2 audio” and/or “Click A” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up-click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click A2 audio” and “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the “soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down-click.
  • "Click A2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) tactile output by 2 ms.
  • the same "Click A2 audio” and “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click A2 audio” and/or “Click A” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up- click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click Bl audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click B" Normal MiniTap (270Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "normal” first click, as shown in Figure 4K (third row in the First Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 4N, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click B 1 audio” is also played in conjunction with "Click B" Soft MiniTap (270Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "soft" first click, as shown in Figure 4K (fourth row in the First Click column) and the lower portion of Figure 4N, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is below a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a "soft” and/or slow press).
  • the gain of the "Click Bl audio” and “Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the “soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down-click.
  • "Click B l audio” is offset from the start of the "Click B" Soft MiniTap (270Hz) tactile output by 2.8 ms.
  • the same "Click B l audio” and “Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are played to simulate the first up-click that follows the first down- click.
  • the gain of the "Click Bl audio” and/or “Click B” Soft MiniTap (230Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the up-click relative to the preceding down-click.
  • the bottom haptic audio pattern "Click B2 audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click B" Normal MiniTap (270Hz) to simulate a second down-click in a "normal” second click that follows the first click within a predetermined period of time (e.g., as the second click in a double click input), as shown in Figure 4K (third row in the Second Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 40, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact in the second click is making a "normal” hard/fast press).
  • “Click B2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click B” Normal MiniTap (270Hz) tactile output by 2.8 ms.
  • the same "Click B2 audio” and “Click B” Normal MiniTap (230Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down- click.
  • the gain of the "Click B2 audio” and/or “Click B” Normal MiniTap (270Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up-click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click B2 audio” and “Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the “soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down-click.
  • "Click B2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) tactile output by 2.8 ms.
  • the same "Click B2 audio” and “Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click B2 audio” and/or “Click B” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up- click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click CI audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click C" Normal MiniTap (300Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "normal” first click, as shown in Figure 4K (fifth row in the First Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 4P, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a
  • “Click CI audio” is offset from the start of the "Click C" Normal MiniTap (300Hz) tactile output by 1.9 ms.
  • the same “Click CI audio” and “Click C” Normal MiniTap (300Hz) are played to simulate the first up-click that follows the first down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click CI audio” and/or “Click C” Normal MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the up-click relative to the preceding down-click.
  • the top haptic audio pattern "Click CI audio” is also played in conjunction with "Click C" Soft MiniTap (300Hz) to simulate a first down-click in a "soft" first click, as shown in Figure 4K (sixth row in the First Click column) and the lower portion of Figure 4P, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is below a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact is making a "soft” and/or slow press).
  • the gain of the "Click CI audio” and “Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the “soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down-click.
  • "Click CI audio” is offset from the start of the "Click C" Soft MiniTap (300Hz) tactile output by 1.9 ms.
  • the same "Click CI audio” and “Click C” Soft MiniTap (270Hz) are played to simulate the first up-click that follows the first down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click CI audio” and/or “Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the up-click relative to the preceding down-click.
  • the bottom haptic audio pattern "Click C2 audio” is audio output that is played conjunction with "Click C" Normal MiniTap (300Hz) to simulate a second down-click in a "normal" second click that follows the first click within a predetermined period of time (e.g., as the second click in a double click input), as shown in Figure 4K (fifth row in the Second Click column) and the upper portion of Figure 4Q, where the rate of change of intensity of a contact at a control activation threshold is above a threshold rate of change (e.g., the contact in the second click is making a "normal” hard/fast press).
  • “Click C2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click C” Normal MiniTap (300Hz) tactile output by 1.9 ms.
  • the same "Click C2 audio” and “Click C” Normal MiniTap (300Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down- click.
  • the gain of the "Click C2 audio” and/or “Click C” Normal MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up-click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click C2 audio” and “Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the “soft" down-click relative to the "normal” down-click.
  • "Click C2 audio” is offset from the start of the "Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) tactile output by 1.9 ms.
  • the same "Click C2 audio” and “Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) are played to simulate the second up-click that follows the second down-click.
  • the gain of the "Click C2 audio” and/or “Click C” Soft MiniTap (300Hz) are reduced (e.g., by 50%) in the second up- click relative to the preceding second down-click.
  • device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components.
  • the various components shown in Figure 1 A are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
  • Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.
  • Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102.
  • the one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.
  • peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
  • RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals.
  • RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals.
  • RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SFM) card, memory, and so forth.
  • SFM subscriber identity module
  • RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication.
  • networks such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM
  • EDGE high-speed downlink packet access
  • HSDPA high-speed uplink packet access
  • HUPA Evolution, Data-Only
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NFC near field communication
  • W-CDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • IEEE 802.1 la IEEE 802.1 lac, IEEE 802.1 lax, IEEE 802.1 lb, IEEE 802.1 lg and/or IEEE 802.1 In
  • VoIP voice over Internet Protocol
  • Wi-MAX a protocol for e-mail
  • IMAP Internet message access protocol
  • POP post office protocol
  • instant messaging e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SFMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service
  • Audio circuitry 1 10, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100.
  • Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.
  • Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.
  • Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves.
  • Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 1 18.
  • audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, Figure 2A). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).
  • I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118.
  • I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices.
  • the one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116.
  • the other input or control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth.
  • input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse.
  • the one or more buttons optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker 111 and/or microphone 113.
  • the one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g., 206, Figure 2A).
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user.
  • Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output to the user.
  • the visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed "graphics").
  • some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects.
  • the term "affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control.
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact.
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • user-interface objects e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images
  • a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LPD light emitting polymer display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
  • Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater).
  • the user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth.
  • the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen.
  • the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
  • device 100 in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions.
  • the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output.
  • the touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
  • Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components.
  • Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light- emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,
  • power sources e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)
  • AC alternating current
  • a recharging system e.g., a recharging system
  • a power failure detection circuit e.g., a power failure detection circuit
  • a power converter or inverter e.g., a power converter or inverter
  • a power status indicator e.g., a light- emitting diode (LED)
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
  • Optical sensor(s) 164 optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
  • Optical sensor(s) 164 receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image.
  • imaging module 143 also called a camera module
  • optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capture still images and/or video.
  • an optical sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112 on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition.
  • another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.).
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
  • Figure 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106.
  • Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface).
  • Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.
  • contact intensity information e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information
  • At least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112).
  • a touch-sensitive surface e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112
  • at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-screen display system 112 which is located on the front of device 100.
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
  • Figure 1 A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with peripherals interface 118.
  • proximity sensor 166 is coupled with input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106.
  • the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system 112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
  • Figure 1 A shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106.
  • Tactile output generator(s) 167 optionally include one or more
  • Tactile output generator(s) 167 receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generates tactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a user of device 100.
  • At least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device 100).
  • at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112, which is located on the front of device 100.
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
  • FIG. 1 A shows accelerometer 168 coupled with peripherals interface 118.
  • accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled with an input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106.
  • information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more
  • Device 100 optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.
  • a magnetometer not shown
  • GPS or GLONASS or other global navigation system
  • the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.
  • memory 102 stores instructions for executing instructions.
  • Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system 112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and other input or control devices 116; and location and/or positional information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.
  • Operating system 126 e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,
  • WINDOWS or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks
  • VxWorks includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
  • general system tasks e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.
  • Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124.
  • External port 124 e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • FIREWIRE FireWire
  • the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
  • the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California.
  • Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch- sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel).
  • Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).
  • determining if contact has occurred e.g., detecting a finger-down event
  • an intensity of the contact e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a
  • Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., "multitouch'Vmultiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
  • Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.
  • a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern.
  • detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon).
  • detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch- sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
  • tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.
  • detecting a finger tap gesture depends on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event.
  • a tap gesture is detected in accordance with a determination that the length of time between the finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a light press or deep press intensity threshold.
  • a finger tap gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to be met.
  • the finger contact in a tap gesture typically needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold, below which the contact is not detected, in order for the finger-down event to be detected.
  • a similar analysis applies to detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact.
  • the nominal contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the touch sensitive surface.
  • a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach intensity thresholds in order to be recognized.
  • a swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or more contacts;
  • a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts towards each other;
  • a depinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other;
  • a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of movement.
  • the statement that particular gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold.
  • a tap gesture is detected based on a determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement.
  • detection of a gesture is influenced by the intensities of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g., even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture changes).
  • Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same input element or region so that multiple different interactions with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of user interactions and responses.
  • the statement that a particular set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other gestures that do have a criteria that is met when a gesture includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity threshold. For example, in some
  • first gesture recognition criteria for a first gesture - which do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met - are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria for a second gesture - which are dependent on the contact(s) reaching the respective intensity threshold.
  • the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first. For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe gesture.
  • a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press gesture.
  • the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture.
  • particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of intensity- dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input (e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press gesture for recognition).
  • a competing set of intensity- dependent gesture recognition criteria e.g., for a deep press gesture
  • Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed.
  • graphics includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
  • graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
  • Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
  • Text input module 134 which is, optionally, a component of graphics module
  • 132 provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
  • applications e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
  • GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location- based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
  • applications e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location- based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
  • Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
  • contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact list);
  • camera module 143 for still and/or video images
  • calendar module 148 • calendar module 148;
  • widget modules 149 which optionally include one or more of: weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets 149-6;
  • widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;
  • search module 151 • search module 151;
  • video and music player module 152 which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;
  • map module 154 • map module 154;
  • Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
  • contacts module 137 includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other
  • telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed.
  • the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
  • videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
  • e-mail client module 140 In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch- sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
  • the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages.
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • MMS Multimedia Message Service
  • XMPP extensible Markup Language
  • SIMPLE Apple Push Notification Service
  • IMPS Internet Messaging Protocol
  • transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS).
  • EMS Enhanced Messaging Service
  • instant messaging refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).
  • workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
  • camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
  • image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
  • modify e.g., edit
  • present e.g., in a digital slide show or album
  • browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
  • calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
  • widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6).
  • a widget includes an HTML
  • a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
  • the widget creator module 150 includes executable
  • search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
  • search criteria e.g., one or more user-specified search terms
  • video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch- sensitive display system 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124).
  • device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
  • notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
  • map module 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
  • online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264.
  • instant messaging module 141 rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
  • modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein).
  • modules i.e., sets of instructions
  • memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above.
  • memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
  • device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad.
  • a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
  • the predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces.
  • the touchpad when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100.
  • a "menu button" is implemented using a touchpad.
  • the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
  • Figure IB is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
  • memory 102 in Figures 1A or 370 ( Figure 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications 136, 137-155, 380- 390).
  • event sorter 170 e.g., in operating system 126
  • application 136-1 e.g., any of the aforementioned applications 136, 137-155, 380- 390.
  • Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application
  • Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174.
  • application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active or executing.
  • device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
  • application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
  • Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118.
  • Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch- sensitive display system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture).
  • Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110).
  • Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
  • event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals.
  • peripherals interface 118 transmits event information.
  • peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
  • event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
  • Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch- sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur.
  • the application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
  • Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub- events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
  • Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
  • Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.
  • operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.
  • application 136-1 includes event sorter 170.
  • event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
  • application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers
  • Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180.
  • a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180.
  • one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties.
  • a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170.
  • Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192.
  • one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190.
  • one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
  • a respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information.
  • Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184.
  • event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
  • Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170.
  • the event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event.
  • the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event.
  • events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
  • Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event.
  • event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186.
  • Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187- 2), and others.
  • sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching.
  • the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.
  • the double tap for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase.
  • the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object.
  • the dragging for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch- sensitive display system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end).
  • the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
  • event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object.
  • event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch- sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
  • the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
  • a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub- events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub- events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
  • a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers.
  • metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another.
  • metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
  • a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized.
  • a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190.
  • Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.
  • event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
  • event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
  • data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module 145.
  • object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object.
  • GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch- sensitive display.
  • event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178.
  • data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
  • event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens.
  • mouse movement and mouse button presses optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
  • Figure 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments.
  • I/O subsystem 106 e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 ( Figure 1 A) and/or other input controller(s) 160 ( Figure 1 A)
  • peripherals interface 118 includes at least some of the example components shown in Figure 1C.
  • the tactile output module includes haptic feedback module 133.
  • haptic feedback module 133 aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user interface feedback from software applications on the electronic device
  • Haptic feedback module 133 includes one or more of: waveform module 123 (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs), mixer 125 (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels), compressor 127 (for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms), low-pass filter 129 (for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal controller 131 (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions).
  • waveform module 123 for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs
  • mixer 125 for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels
  • compressor 127 for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms
  • low-pass filter 129 for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms
  • thermal controller 131 for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions.
  • haptic feedback module 133 is included in haptic feedback controller 161 ( Figure 1A).
  • a separate unit of haptic feedback module 133 (or a separate implementation of haptic feedback module 133) is also included in an audio controller (e.g., audio circuitry 110, Figure 1 A) and used for generating audio signals.
  • a single haptic feedback module 133 is used for generating audio signals and generating waveforms for tactile outputs.
  • haptic feedback module 133 also includes trigger module 121 (e.g., a software application, operating system, or other software module that determines a tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for generating the corresponding tactile output).
  • trigger module 121 generates trigger signals for initiating generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module 123). For example, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals based on preset timing criteria.
  • trigger module 121 receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module 146 located outside haptic feedback module 133) and relays the trigger signals to other components within haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., waveform module 123) or software applications that trigger operations (e.g., with trigger module 121) based on activation of the hardware input device (e.g., a home button). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 also receives tactile feedback generation instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, Figures 1 A and 3). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals in response to haptic feedback module 133 (or trigger module 121 in haptic feedback module 133) receiving tactile feedback instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, Figures 1A and 3).
  • haptic feedback module 133 receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module 146 located outside haptic feedback module 133 and relays
  • Waveform module 123 receives trigger signals (e.g., from trigger module 121) as an input, and in response to receiving trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module 123, such as the waveforms described in greater detail below with reference to Figures 4F-4G).
  • trigger signals e.g., from trigger module 121
  • one or more tactile outputs e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module 123, such as the waveforms described in greater detail below with reference to Figures 4F-4G).
  • Mixer 125 receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module 123) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example, when mixer 125 receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel) mixer 125 outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms.
  • waveforms e.g., from waveform module 123
  • mixer 125 receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel)
  • mixer 125 outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms.
  • mixer 125 also modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer 125 selects one or more waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from more than three sources that have been requested to be output concurrently by tactile output generator 167)
  • Compressor 127 receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform from mixer
  • compressor 127 reduces the waveforms (e.g., in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generators 167 ( Figure 1 A) or 357 ( Figure 3)) so that tactile outputs corresponding to the waveforms are reduced.
  • compressor 127 limits the waveforms, such as by enforcing a predefined maximum amplitude for the waveforms. For example, compressor 127 reduces amplitudes of portions of waveforms that exceed a predefined amplitude threshold while maintaining amplitudes of portions of waveforms that do not exceed the predefined amplitude threshold.
  • compressor 127 reduces a dynamic range of the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor 127 dynamically reduces the dynamic range of the waveforms so that the combined waveforms remain within performance specifications of the tactile output generator 167 (e.g., force and/or moveable mass displacement limits).
  • Low-pass filter 129 receives waveforms (e.g., compressed waveforms from compressor 127) as an input, and filters (e.g., smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency signal components in the waveforms).
  • compressor 127 includes, in compressed waveforms, extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed performance specifications of tactile output generator 167 when the tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed waveforms.
  • Low-pass filter 129 reduces or removes such extraneous signals in the waveforms.
  • Thermal controller 131 receives waveforms (e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter 129) as an input, and adjusts the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device 100 (e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device 100, such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller 161, and/or external temperatures detected by device 100). For example, in some cases, the output of haptic feedback controller 161 varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller 161, in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a first temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a second temperature that is distinct from the first temperature).
  • waveforms e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter 129
  • the output of haptic feedback controller 161 varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller 161, in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback
  • the magnitude (or the amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the temperature.
  • the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is increased or decreased based on the temperature).
  • haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., trigger module 121) is coupled to hardware input processing module 146.
  • other input controlled s) 160 in Figure 1 A includes hardware input processing module 146.
  • hardware input processing module 146 receives inputs from hardware input device 145 (e.g., other input or control devices 116 in Figure 1 A, such as a home button).
  • hardware input device 145 is any input device described herein, such as touch- sensitive display system 112 ( Figure 1A), keyboard/mouse 350 (Figure 3), touchpad 355 ( Figure 3), one of other input or control devices 116 ( Figure 1 A), or an intensity- sensitive home button (e.g., as shown in Figure 2B or a home button with a mechanical actuator as illustrated in Figure 2C).
  • hardware input device 145 consists of an intensity-sensitive home button (e.g., as shown in Figure 2B or a home button with a mechanical actuator as illustrated in Figure 2C), and not touch-sensitive display system 112 (Figure 1A), keyboard/mouse 350 (Figure 3), or touchpad 355 (Figure 3).
  • hardware input processing module 146 in response to inputs from hardware input device 145, provides one or more trigger signals to haptic feedback module 133 to indicate that a user input satisfying predefined input criteria, such as an input corresponding to a "click" of a home button (e.g., a "down click” or an "up click"), has been detected.
  • haptic feedback module 133 provides waveforms that correspond to the "click" of a home button in response to the input corresponding to the "click" of a home button, simulating a haptic feedback of pressing a physical home button.
  • the tactile output module includes haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 in Figure 1A), which controls the generation of tactile outputs.
  • haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to a plurality of tactile output generators, and selects one or more tactile output generators of the plurality of tactile output generators and sends waveforms to the selected one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • haptic feedback controller 161 coordinates tactile output requests that correspond to activation of hardware input device 145 and tactile output requests that correspond to software events (e.g., tactile output requests from haptic feedback module 133) and modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms, such as to prioritize tactile outputs that correspond to activations of hardware input device 145 over tactile outputs that correspond to software events).
  • an output of haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to audio circuitry of device 100 (e.g., audio circuitry 110, Figure 1A), and provides audio signals to audio circuitry of device 100.
  • haptic feedback controller 161 provides both waveforms used for generating tactile outputs and audio signals used for providing audio outputs in conjunction with generation of the tactile outputs.
  • haptic feedback controller 161 modifies audio signals and/or waveforms (used for generating tactile outputs) so that the audio outputs and the tactile outputs are synchronized (e.g., by delaying the audio signals and/or waveforms).
  • haptic feedback controller 161 includes a digital-to-analog converter used for converting digital waveforms into analog signals, which are received by amplifier 163 and/or tactile output generator 167.
  • the tactile output module includes amplifier 163.
  • amplifier 163 receives waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller 161) and amplifies the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 167 (e.g., any of tactile output generators 167 ( Figure 1A) or 357 ( Figure 3)).
  • amplifier 163 amplifies the received waveforms to signal levels that are in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generator 167 (e.g., to a voltage and/or a current required by tactile output generator 167 for generating tactile outputs so that the signals sent to tactile output generator 167 produce tactile outputs that correspond to the waveforms received from haptic feedback controller 161) and sends the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 167.
  • tactile output generator 167 generates tactile outputs (e.g., by shifting a moveable mass back and forth in one or more dimensions relative to a neutral position of the moveable mass).
  • the tactile output module includes sensor 169, which is coupled to tactile output generator 167.
  • Sensor 169 detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output generator 167 or one or more components of tactile output generator 167 (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to generate tactile outputs).
  • sensor 169 is a magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall Effect sensor) or other displacement and/or movement sensor.
  • sensor 169 provides information (e.g., a position, a
  • haptic feedback controller 161 adjusts the waveforms output from haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., waveforms sent to tactile output generator 167, optionally via amplifier 163).
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112, Figure 1 A) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200.
  • UI user interface
  • a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure).
  • selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics.
  • the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device 100.
  • inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic.
  • a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the
  • Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as
  • menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100.
  • the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display.
  • device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124.
  • Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process.
  • device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113.
  • Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
  • Figures 2B-2C show exploded views of a first input device suitable for use in the electronic devices shown in Figures 1 A, 2A, 3, and/or 4A (e.g., as home button 204).
  • Figure 2B shows an example of an intensity-sensitive home button with capacitive sensors used to determine a range of intensity values that correspond to force applied to the intensity- sensitive home button.
  • Figure 2C shows an example of a home button with a mechanical switch element.
  • the input device stack 220 includes a cover element 222 and a trim 224.
  • the trim 224 completely surrounds the sides of the cover element 222 and the perimeter of the top surface of the cover element 222. Other embodiments are not limited to this configuration.
  • both the cover element 222 and the trim 224 can be formed with any suitable opaque, transparent, and/or translucent material.
  • the cover element 222 can be made of glass, plastic, or sapphire and the trim 224 may be made of a metal or plastic.
  • one or more additional layers can be positioned below the cover element 222.
  • an opaque ink layer can be disposed below the cover element 222 when the cover element 222 is made of a transparent material. The opaque ink layer can conceal the other components in the input device stack 220 so that the other components are not visible through the transparent cover element 222.
  • a first circuit layer 226 can be disposed below the cover element 222. Any suitable circuit layer may be used.
  • the first circuit layer 226 may be a circuit board or a flexible circuit.
  • the first circuit layer 226 can include one or more circuits, signal lines, and/or integrated circuits.
  • the first circuit layer 226 includes a biometric sensor 228. Any suitable type of biometric sensor can be used.
  • the biometric sensor is a capacitive fingerprint sensor that captures at least one fingerprint when a user's finger (or fingers) approaches and/or contacts the cover element 222.
  • the first circuit layer 226 may be attached to the bottom surface of the cover element 222 with an adhesive layer 230.
  • Any suitable adhesive can be used for the adhesive layer.
  • a pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be used as the adhesive layer 230.
  • a compliant layer 232 is disposed below the first circuit layer 226.
  • the compliant layer 232 includes an opening 234 formed in the compliant layer 232.
  • the opening 234 exposes the top surface of the first circuit layer 226 and/or the biometric sensor 228 when the device stack 220 is assembled.
  • the compliant layer 232 is positioned around an interior perimeter of the trim 224 and/or around a peripheral edge of the cover element 222. Although depicted in a circular shape, the compliant layer 232 can have any given shape and/or dimensions, such as a square or oval.
  • the compliant layer 232 is shown as a continuous compliant layer in Figures 2B and 2C, but other embodiments are not limited to this configuration.
  • the compliant layer 232 does not include the opening 234 and the compliant layer 232 extends across at least a portion of the input device stack 220.
  • the compliant layer 232 may extend across the bottom surface of the cover element 222, the bottom surface of the first circuit layer 226, or a portion of the bottom surface of the cover element 222 (e.g., around the peripheral edge of the cover element) and the bottom surface of the first circuit layer 226.
  • a second circuit layer 238 is positioned below the first circuit layer 226.
  • a flexible circuit and a circuit board are examples of a circuit layer that can be used in the second circuit layer 238.
  • the second circuit layer 238 can include a first circuit section 240 and a second circuit section 242. The first and second circuit sections 240, 242 can be electrically connected one another other.
  • the first circuit section 240 can include a first set of one or more intensity sensor components that are included in an intensity sensor.
  • the first circuit section 240 can be electrically connected to the first circuit layer 226.
  • the biometric sensor 228 may be electrically connected to the first circuit section 240 of the second circuit layer 238.
  • the second circuit section 242 can include additional circuitry, such as signal lines, circuit components, integrated circuits, and the like.
  • the second circuit section 242 may include a board-to-board connector 244 to electrically connect the second circuit layer 238 to other circuitry in the electronic device.
  • the second circuit layer 238 can be operably connected to a processing device using the board-to-board connector 244.
  • the second circuit layer 238 may be operably connected to circuitry that transmits signals (e.g., sense signals) received from the intensity sensor component(s) in the first circuit section 240 to a processing device.
  • the second circuit layer 238 may be operably connected to circuitry that provides signals (e.g., drive signals, a reference signal) to the one or more intensity sensor components in the first circuit section 240.
  • the first circuit section 240 of the second circuit layer is the first circuit section 240 of the second circuit layer
  • first circuit layer 226 may be attached to the bottom surface of the first circuit layer 226 using an adhesive layer 236.
  • a die attach film may be used to attach the first circuit section 240 to the bottom surface of the first circuit layer 226.
  • a third circuit layer 246 is disposed below the first circuit section 240 of the second circuit layer 238.
  • the third circuit layer 246 may include a second set of one or more intensity sensor components that are included in an intensity sensor.
  • the support element 248 is supported by and/or attached to a support element 248.
  • the support element 248 is attached to the trim 224 to produce an enclosure for the other components in the device stack 220.
  • the support element 248 may be attached to the trim 224 using any suitable attachment mechanism.
  • the intensity sensor can use any suitable intensity sensing technology.
  • Example sensing technologies include, but are not limited to, capacitive, piezoelectric, piezoresistive, ultrasonic, and magnetic.
  • the intensity sensor is a capacitive force sensor.
  • the first set of one or more intensity sensor components can include a first set of one or more electrodes 250 and the second set of one or more force sensor components a second set of one or more electrodes 252.
  • each electrode in the first and second sets of one or more electrodes 250, 252 can have any given shape (e.g., rectangles, circles).
  • the one or more electrodes in the first and second sets 250, 252 may be arranged in any given pattern (e.g., one or more rows and one or more columns).
  • Figure 2B and 2C show two electrodes in the first and second sets of one or more electrodes 250, 252.
  • the first and second sets of one or more electrodes 250, 252 may each be a single electrode or multiple discrete electrodes.
  • the second set of one or more electrodes comprises multiple discrete electrodes.
  • the second set of one or more electrodes can be a single electrode and the first set includes multiple discrete electrodes.
  • both the first and second sets of one or more electrodes may each include multiple discrete electrodes.
  • Each electrode in the first set of one or more electrodes 250 is aligned in at least one direction (e.g., vertically) with a respective electrode in the second set of one or more electrodes 252 to produce one or more capacitors.
  • a force input is applied to the cover element 222 (e.g., the input surface of the input device)
  • at least one electrode in the first set 250 moves closer to a respective electrode in the second set 252, which varies the capacitance of the capacitor(s).
  • a capacitance signal sensed from each capacitor represents a capacitance measurement of that capacitor.
  • a processing device (not shown) is configured to receive the capacitance signal(s) and correlate the capacitance signal(s) to an amount of intensity applied to the cover element 222.
  • the force sensor can replace a switch element and different intensity thresholds can be used to determine activation events.
  • a switch element 254 can be positioned below the support element 248.
  • the switch element 254 registers a user input when a force input applied to the cover element 222 exceeds a given amount of force (e.g., a force threshold associated with closing the distance between the first circuit section 240 and the third circuit layer 246).
  • a force threshold associated with closing the distance between the first circuit section 240 and the third circuit layer 246.
  • Any suitable switch element can be used.
  • the switch element 254 may be a dome switch that collapses when the force input applied to the cover element 222 exceeds the force threshold. When collapsed, the dome switch completes a circuit that is detected by a processing device and recognized as a user input (e.g., a selection of an icon, function, or application).
  • the dome switch is arranged such that the apex of the collapsible dome is proximate to the bottom surface of the support plate 248.
  • the base of the collapsible dome can be proximate to the bottom surface of the support plate 248.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Device 300 need not be portable.
  • device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller).
  • Device 300 typically includes one or more processing units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or other communications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communication buses 320 for interconnecting these components.
  • CPU's processing units
  • Communication buses 320 optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components.
  • Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display 340, which is typically a touch-screen display.
  • I/O interface 330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generating tactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s) 167 described above with reference to Figure 1 A), sensors 359 (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with reference to Figure 1 A).
  • sensors 359 e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with reference to Figure 1 A).
  • Memory 370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non- volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 ( Figure 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100.
  • memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, website creation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet module 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 ( Figure 1A) optionally does not store these modules.
  • Each of the above identified elements in Figure 3 are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices.
  • Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above.
  • the above identified modules or programs i.e., sets of instructions
  • memory 370 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above.
  • memory 370 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
  • UI user interfaces
  • Figure 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device 300.
  • user interface 400 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
  • o Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled "Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread e-mails
  • o Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled "Browser;”
  • o Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152, labeled "iPod;" and
  • Icons for other applications such as: o Icon 424 for FM module 141, labeled “Messages;” o Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;” o Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;” o Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;” o Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online Video;” o Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;” o Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;” o Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;” o Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;” o Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout Support;” o Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and o Icon 446 for a
  • icon labels illustrated in Figure 4A are merely examples.
  • icon 422 for video and music player module 152 is labeled "Music" or "Music Player.”
  • Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons.
  • a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon.
  • a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon.
  • Figure 4B illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device 300, Figure 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, Figure 3) that is separate from the display 450.
  • Device 300 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 357) for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/or one or more tactile output generators 359 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 300.
  • contact intensity sensors e.g., one or more of sensors 357
  • tactile output generators 359 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 300.
  • the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4B.
  • the touch-sensitive surface e.g., 451 in Figure 4B
  • the touch-sensitive surface has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in Figure 4B) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in Figure 4B) on the display (e.g., 450).
  • the device detects contacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in Figure 4B) with the touch- sensitive surface 451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in Figure 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470).
  • user inputs e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movements thereof
  • the device on the touch- sensitive surface e.g., 451 in Figure 4B
  • manipulate the user interface on the display e.g., 450 in Figure 4B
  • similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.
  • finger inputs e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.
  • one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input).
  • a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact).
  • a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact).
  • a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact).
  • multiple user inputs it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
  • the term "focus selector" is an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting.
  • the cursor acts as a "focus selector," so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in Figure 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in Figure 4B) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input.
  • an input e.g., a press input
  • a touch-sensitive surface e.g., touchpad 355 in Figure 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in Figure 4B
  • a particular user interface element e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element
  • a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a "focus selector," so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input.
  • focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without
  • the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface.
  • the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact).
  • a focus selector e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box
  • a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).
  • the term "intensity" of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface is the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors.
  • one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact.
  • a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the size of the contact area detected on the touch- sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch- sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements).
  • the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
  • intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
  • contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has "clicked” on an icon).
  • at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100).
  • a mouse "click" threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware.
  • a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click "intensity" parameter).
  • the term "characteristic intensity" of a contact is a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact.
  • the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples.
  • the characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact).
  • a predefined time period e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds
  • characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value produced by low-pass filtering the intensity of the contact over a predefined period or starting at a predefined time, or the like.
  • the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time).
  • the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user.
  • the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold.
  • a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation
  • a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation
  • a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation.
  • a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
  • a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases.
  • the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location).
  • a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact.
  • the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm.
  • the user interface figures described herein optionally include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D (e.g., that is at least initially higher than I L ), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold 1 ⁇ 2 that is lower than I L )).
  • intensity thresholds e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D (e.g., that is at least initially higher than I L ), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold 1 ⁇ 2 that is lower than I L )).
  • This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures.
  • the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically
  • the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad.
  • the device when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold.
  • these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
  • the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some "light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some "deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold.
  • This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases).
  • This delay time helps to avoid accidental recognition of deep press inputs.
  • there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs.
  • the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria.
  • one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like.
  • factors such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like.
  • Example factors are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a dynamic intensity threshold 480 that changes over time based in part on the intensity of touch input 476 over time.
  • Dynamic intensity threshold 480 is a sum of two components, first component 474 that decays over time after a predefined delay time pi from when touch input 476 is initially detected, and second component 478 that trails the intensity of touch input 476 over time.
  • the initial high intensity threshold of first component 474 reduces accidental triggering of a "deep press” response, while still allowing an immediate “deep press” response if touch input 476 provides sufficient intensity.
  • Second component 478 reduces unintentional triggering of a "deep press” response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch input.
  • touch input 476 satisfies dynamic intensity threshold 480 (e.g., at point 481 in Figure 4C)
  • the "deep press" response is triggered.
  • Figure 4D illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold 486 (e.g., intensity threshold ID).
  • Figure 4D also illustrates two other intensity thresholds: a first intensity threshold 1 ⁇ 2 and a second intensity threshold II.
  • touch input 484 satisfies the first intensity threshold 1 ⁇ 2 and the second intensity threshold II prior to time p2
  • no response is provided until delay time p2 has elapsed at time 482.
  • dynamic intensity threshold 486 decays over time, with the decay starting at time 488 after a predefined delay time pi has elapsed from time 482 (when the response associated with the second intensity threshold II was triggered).
  • This type of dynamic intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a response associated with the dynamic intensity threshold I D immediately after, or concurrently with, triggering a response associated with a lower intensity threshold, such as the first intensity threshold 1 ⁇ 2 or the second intensity threshold II.
  • Figure 4E illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold 492 (e.g., intensity threshold I D ).
  • intensity threshold I D e.g., intensity threshold I D
  • a response associated with the intensity threshold I L is triggered after the delay time p2 has elapsed from when touch input 490 is initially detected.
  • dynamic intensity threshold 492 decays after the predefined delay time pi has elapsed from when touch input 490 is initially detected. So a decrease in intensity of touch input 490 after triggering the response associated with the intensity threshold II, followed by an increase in the intensity of touch input 490, without releasing touch input 490, can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold ID (e.g., at time 494) even when the intensity of touch input 490 is below another intensity threshold, for example, the intensity threshold II.
  • An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold ITL to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold ITL and the deep press intensity threshold IT D is sometimes referred to as a "light press” input.
  • An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT D to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT D is sometimes referred to as a "deep press” input.
  • An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0 to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0 and the light press intensity threshold IT L is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface.
  • a decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold ITo to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold ITo is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch- surface.
  • ITo is zero.
  • IT 0 is greater than zero.
  • a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
  • a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
  • one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold.
  • the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a "down stroke" of the respective press input).
  • the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an "up stroke" of the respective press input).
  • the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed "jitter," where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold).
  • the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold.
  • the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an "up stroke" of the respective press input).
  • the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
  • the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold.
  • the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
  • the triggering of these responses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and a second intensity threshold being met).
  • UI user interfaces
  • portable multifunction device 100 or device 300 with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs, and (optionally) one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
  • Figures 5 A-5DK illustrate example user interfaces for providing haptic feedback (optionally, in conjunction with visual feedback) indicating crossing of a threshold (e.g., moving past a respective threshold position or moving for more than a respective threshold amount of movement) for triggering or canceling an operation associated with a user interface item.
  • a threshold e.g., moving past a respective threshold position or moving for more than a respective threshold amount of movement
  • the user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in Figures 20A-20F. For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
  • Figures 5A-5W illustrate providing tactile outputs in conjunction with providing visual feedback when meeting a hidden threshold for triggering an operation (e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item) in a mail application.
  • an operation e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item
  • Figure 5A illustrates a user interface 5002 for a mail application that includes a list of e-mail summary items, including e-mail summary item 5004, e-mail summary item 5006, and e-mail summary item 5008.
  • An e-mail summary item includes, e.g. :
  • e-mail content e.g., truncated e-mail content
  • an unread mail indicator 5020 e.g., a dot indicating that the e-mail corresponding to the e-mail summary item has an unread status.
  • Figures 5B-5I illustrate a process to change the status of an e-mail
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5006, such as touch-down of contact 5022 on touch screen 112.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 is visually distinguished (e.g., highlighted, as shown) to indicate that e-mail summary item 5006 is selected and/or to distinguish selected e-mail summary item 5006 from non- selected first-email summary item 5004 and e-mail summary item 5008.
  • Contact 5022 moves along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5024.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5022, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5024, gradually revealing (e.g., from the left edge of user interface 5002) content- marking indicator 5026. For example, because e-mail summary item 5006 is selected, e-mail summary item 5006 is "attached" to contact 5022 such that e-mail summary item 5006 moves with contact 5022. Contact 5022 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5028.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5022, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026, and gradually revealing marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5022 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5032.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5022, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026 and marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5022 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5034.
  • movement of contact 5022 meets movement threshold criteria (e.g., contact 5022 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold, or reaches a threshold position in the user interface).
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5022 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold, or reaches a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5036 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5036-a and waveform 5036-b).
  • tactile output 5036 e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5036-a and waveform 5036-b.
  • an animation is started showing the content-marking indicator 5026 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5022 to fill up marking indicator tray 5030.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 in response to lift-off of contact 5022 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5022 has moved past the threshold position as described above with regard to Figure 5F, e-mail summary item 5006 is released and returns to its original position in the user interface, and content-marking indicator 5026 is concealed by email summary item 5006.
  • the status of an e-mail that corresponds to second e-mail summary 5006 is changed to "read," and second e-mail summary 5006 is no longer marked as unread.
  • the unread mail indicator 5020 is no longer displayed in second e-mail summary 5006.
  • Figures 5J-5P illustrate providing tactile outputs in conjunction with providing visual feedback when meeting a hidden threshold for triggering an operation (e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item) in a mail application.
  • an operation e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5006, such as touch-down of contact 5038 on touch screen 112.
  • Contact 5038 moves along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5040.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5038, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5040, gradually revealing content-marking indicator 5026.
  • Contact 5038 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5042. [00253] In Figure 5L, contact 5038 has moved along the path indicated by arrow 5042.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5038, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026, and gradually revealing marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5038 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5044.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5038, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026 and marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5038 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5046.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5038 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5050 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5050-a and waveform 5050-b).
  • the device starts an animation showing content-marking indicator 5026 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5038 to fill marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5038 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5048.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 in response to lift-off of contact 5038 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5038 has met the movement threshold criteria described above with regard to Figure 5N, e-mail summary item 5006 is released to conceal content-marking indicator 5026 again. The status of the e-mail that corresponds to second e-mail summary 5006 is changed to "unread," and second e-mail summary 5006 is marked unread. In Figure 5P, the unread mail indicator 5020 is redisplayed in second e-mail summary 5006.
  • Figures 5Q-5W illustrate providing tactile outputs in conjunction with providing visual feedback when meeting a hidden threshold for triggering an operation (e.g., archiving an e-mail item) in a mail application.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5006, such as touch-down of contact 5052 on touch screen 112. Contact 5052 moves along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5054.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5054, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5054, gradually revealing (e.g., from the right edge of user interface 5002) content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5052 continues to move along a path indicated by arrow 5062.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5052, continuing to gradually reveal content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5052 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5064.
  • e-mail summary item 5006 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5052, continuing to gradually reveal content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5052 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5006 as indicated by arrow 5066.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5052 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or past a threshold position.
  • the device produces tactile output 5068 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5068-a and waveform 5068-b) and archive content affordance 5060 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5052 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of archive content affordance 5060) to cover content menu affordance 5056 and flag content affordance 5058.
  • tactile output 5068 e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5068-a and waveform 5068-b
  • archive content affordance 5060 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5052 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of archive content affordance 5060) to cover content menu affordance 5056 and flag content affordance 5058.
  • e- mail summary 5006 in response to lift-off of contact 5052 from touch screen 112, e- mail summary 5006 is released.
  • second e-mail summary 5006 in response to lift-off of contact 5052 when movement of contact 5052 has met movement threshold criteria described above with regard to Figure 5U, second e-mail summary 5006 is archived (e.g., as indicated by the animation in Figures 5U-5W, in which third e-mail summary 5008 and the e-mail summaries below third e-mail summary 5008 gradually rise from the bottom of user interface 5002 while the vertical size of second e-mail summary 5006 gradually decreases until second e-mail summary 5006 is no longer displayed).
  • second e-mail summary 5006 is not displayed in user interface 5002, indicating that the e-mail that corresponds to second e-mail summary 5006 has been archived.
  • Figures 5X-5AF illustrate a process for a process for providing tactile outputs in conjunction with providing visual feedback when meeting an operation triggering threshold for an operation (e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item) and subsequently meeting an operation canceling threshold such that the operation is not performed.
  • an operation triggering threshold for an operation e.g., changing read/unread status of an e-mail item
  • an operation canceling threshold such that the operation is not performed.
  • a contact moves in a first direction to pass a threshold position for changing the read status of an e-mail and subsequently moves in a second direction to pass a threshold position for cancelling the operation for changing the read status of the e-mail before lift-off.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5070 on touch screen 112.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 is visually distinguished (e.g., highlighted, as shown) to indicate that e-mail summary item 5008 is selected and/or to distinguish selected e-mail summary item 5008 from non- selected first-email 5004.
  • Contact 5070 moves along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5072.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5070, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5072, gradually revealing (e.g., from the left edge of user interface 502) content- marking indicator 5026.
  • Contact 5070 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5074. [00267] In Figure 5Z, contact 5070 has moved along the path indicated by arrow 5074.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5070, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026, and gradually revealing marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5070 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5076.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5070, continuing to gradually reveal content-marking indicator 5026 and marking indicator tray 5030.
  • Contact 5070 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5078.
  • the device produces tactile output 5080 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5080-a and waveform 5080-b).
  • the device displays an animation showing content-marking indicator 5026 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5070 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of content-marking indicator 5026) to fill marking indicator tray 5030.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5070.
  • content-marking indicator 5026 and marking indicator tray 5030 gradually "retreat" toward the left edge of the user interface 5002 (e.g., the size of content-marking indicator 5026 and marking indicator tray 5030 is shown gradually decreasing in size).
  • Contact 5070 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5084. [00271] In Figure 5AD, contact 5070 has moved along the path indicated by arrow
  • the device provides tactile output 5086 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5086-a and waveform 5086-b) to indicate that the threshold for canceling the operation has been met.
  • tactile output 5086 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5086-a and waveform 5086-b
  • the device displays an animation showing content-marking indicator 5026 suddenly shrinks in the direction of the movement of the contact 5070 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of content-marking indicator 5026) and marking indicator tray 5030 is re-displayed.
  • contact 5070 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5088.
  • the operation to change the read/unread status of the e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary 5008 is not performed upon lift-off of contact 5070 because contact 5070 retreated past the operation cancelation threshold position before lift-off, after having advanced past the operation triggering threshold position.
  • Figures 5 AG-5AP illustrate a process for providing tactile outputs in conjunction with providing visual feedback when meeting an operation triggering threshold for an operation (e.g., archiving an email) and subsequently meeting an operation canceling threshold such that the operation is not performed.
  • a contact moves in a first direction to pass a first threshold position for archiving an e-mail and subsequently moves in a second direction to pass a second threshold position for cancelling the operation for archiving the e-mail before lift-off.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5090 on touch screen 112.
  • Contact 5090 moves along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5092.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5090, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5092, gradually revealing (e.g., from the right edge of user interface 5002) content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5090 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5094.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5090, continuing to gradually reveal content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5090 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5096.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5089 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5098-a and waveform 5098-b) to indicate that the contact has moved past the operation triggering threshold position.
  • the device displays an animation showing archive content affordance 5060 suddenly expands in the direction of the movement of the contact 5090 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of archive content affordance 5060) to cover marking content menu affordance 5056 and flag content affordance 5058.
  • Contact 5090 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5100.
  • archive content affordance 5060 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5090.
  • archive content affordance 5060 gradually "retreats" toward the right edge of the user interface 5002 (e.g., the size of archive content affordance 5060 is shown gradually decreasing in size).
  • Contact 5090 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5104.
  • contact 5090 moves along the path indicated by arrow 5104, movement of contact 5090 meets reversal criteria (e.g., reverse movement of contact 5090 exceeds a reverse movement threshold or moves past a threshold position for canceling the operation).
  • reversal criteria e.g., reverse movement of contact 5090 exceeds a reverse movement threshold or moves past a threshold position for canceling the operation.
  • the device produces tactile output 5106 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5016-a and waveform 5036-b) to indicate that the contact has moved past the operation cancellation threshold position.
  • the device displays an animation showing archive content affordance 5060 suddenly shrinks in the direction of the movement of the contact 5090 (e.g., moves faster than the movement of the contact and/or moves faster than the previous movement of archive content affordance 5060) and flag content affordance 5058 and archive content affordance 5060 are re-displayed.
  • contact 5090 continues to moves along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5108.
  • Figures 5AQ-5AX illustrate a process for revealing and maintaining display of content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060 to allow a selection input to be received at one of these affordances, without generating tactile outputs (e.g., because movement threshold criteria are not met).
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5110 on touch screen 112.
  • Contact 5110 moves along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5112.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5110, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5112, gradually revealing (e.g., from the right edge of user interface 5002) content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5110 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5114.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5110, continuing to gradually reveal content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060.
  • Contact 5110 continues to move along e-mail summary item 5008 as indicated by arrow 5116.
  • flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060 are "parked” (e.g., display of content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060 is maintained).
  • display of content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, and archive content affordance 5060 is maintained, subsequent input (e.g., a tap input) received at content menu affordance 5056, flag content affordance 5058, or archive content affordance 5060 performs a operation associated with the respective affordance.
  • a menu of action items is displayed; in response to subsequent input received on flag content affordance 5058, the status of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 is toggled to a flagged status (or un-flagged status); and in response to subsequent input received on archive content affordance 5060, the e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 is deleted.
  • the device detects an input, such as a tap input by contact
  • Flag marker 5120 is displayed in e-mail summary item 5008, as shown in 5 AX, to indicate that the e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 has a flagged status.
  • Figures 5AY-5BI illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input) and for changing the read/unread status of the e-mail in response to a second portion of the input.
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying visual feedback when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, and when the threshold for triggering the change of the read/unread status of the e-mail is met.
  • Figure 5AY displays a list of e-mail summary items including e-mail summary item 5004, e-mail summary item 5008, and fourth e-mail summary item 5009.
  • e-mail summary item 5008 includes unread mail indicator 5020.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5122 on touch screen 112.
  • Third e-mail summary item 5008 is visually distinguished (e.g., highlighted, as shown) to indicate that e-mail summary item 5008 is selected and/or to distinguish selected e-mail summary item 5008 from non-selected first- email summary item 5004.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5122 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5AZ, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BA.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L light press intensity threshold
  • selected e-mail summary item 5008 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5122 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BA, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BB.
  • the device produces tactile output 5126 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5126-a and waveform 5126-b) to indicate that the threshold intensity for displaying a preview associated with e-mail summary 5008 is met by the input.
  • the device displays preview 5128 of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008.
  • preview 5128 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5122, gradually revealing (e.g., from beneath preview 5128) content-marking indicator 5132.
  • Contact 5122 continues to move along a path over preview 5128 as indicated by arrow 5134.
  • preview 5128 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5122, continuing to reveal content-marking indicator 5132.
  • Contact 5122 continues to move along a path over preview 5128 as indicated by arrow 5136.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5122 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or past a threshold position
  • the device produces tactile output 5138 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5138-a and waveform 5138-b) to indicate that the movement threshold criteria are met.
  • the device changes the appearance of content-marking indicator 5132 (e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted) to indicate that, on lift-off of the contact, the status of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008 will change from "unread” to "read.”
  • content-marking indicator 5132 e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted
  • preview 5128 in response to lift-off of contact 5122 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5122 has met the movement threshold criteria, as described above with regard to Figure 5BF, preview 5128 is released.
  • display of preview 5128 is replaced by the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., preview 5128 continues sliding to the right until preview 5128 is no longer visible in user interface 5002 and the list of e-mail summary items is re-displayed).
  • Figures 5BJ-5BR illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input) and for changing the read/unread status of the e-mail in response to a second portion of the input.
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying visual feedback when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, and when the threshold for triggering the change of the read/unread status of the e-mail is met.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5140 on touch screen 112.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5140 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BJ, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BK.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L characteristic intensity above IT H
  • selected e-mail summary item 5008 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5140 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BK, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BL.
  • the device produces tactile output 5142 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5142-a and waveform 5142-b) and the device displays a preview 5128 of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008.
  • Contact 5140 moves along a path on preview panel 5128 as indicated by arrow 5144.
  • preview 5128 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5140, gradually revealing (e.g., from beneath preview 5128) content-marking indicator 5132.
  • Contact 5140 continues to move along a path over preview 5128 as indicated by arrow 5146.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5140 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface
  • the device produces tactile output 5148 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5148-a and waveform 5148-b) to indicate that the threshold for displaying the preview corresponding to e-mail summary 5008 is met.
  • tactile output 5148 e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5148-a and waveform 5148-b
  • the device changes the appearance of content-marking indicator 5132 (e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted) to indicate that, on lift-off, the status of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008 will change from "read” to "unread.”
  • content-marking indicator 5132 e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted
  • Figure 5BP in response to lift-off of contact 5140 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5140 has met the movement threshold criteria, as described above with regard to Figure 5BO, preview 5128 is released.
  • display of preview 5128 is replaced by the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., preview 5128 continues sliding to the right until preview 5128 is no longer visible in user interface 5002, as shown in Figure 5BQ, and the list of e-mail summary items is re-displayed, as shown in Figure 5BR).
  • the unread mail indicator 5020 is displayed in third e-mail summary 5008.
  • Figures 5BS-5CA illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5008 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input) and for archiving the e-mail in response to a second portion of the input.
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying visual feedback when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, and when the threshold for triggering the operation for archiving the e-mail is met.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5008, such as touch-down of contact 5150 on touch screen 112.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5150 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BS, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BT.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L characteristic intensity above IT H
  • selected e-mail summary item 5008 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5150 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BT, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5BU.
  • the device produces tactile output 5152 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5152-a and waveform 5152-b) and the device displays preview 5128 of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008. While preview 5128 is displayed, contact 5150 moves along a path indicated by arrow 5157.
  • preview 5128 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5150, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5154, gradually revealing (e.g., from beneath preview 5128) archiving indicator 5132.
  • Contact 5150 continues to move along a path over preview 5128 as indicated by arrow 5158. [00312] In Figure 5BX, contact 5150 has moved along the path indicated by arrow
  • preview 5128 continues to move in response to the movement of the contact 5150, e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 5158, continuing to reveal archiving indicator 5156.
  • Contact 5150 continues to move along a path on preview 5128 as indicated by arrow 5160.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5150 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5150 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5162 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5162-a and waveform 5162-b).
  • the device changes the appearance of archiving indicator 5156 (e.g., the coloration of archiving indicator 5132 is inverted) to indicate that, on lift-off of contact 5150, the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5008 will be archived.
  • FIG. 5BZ in response to lift-off of contact 5150 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5150 has met the movement threshold criteria, as described above with regard to Figure 5BY, preview 5128 is released.
  • display of preview 5128 is replaced by the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., preview 5128 continues sliding to the right until preview 5128 is no longer visible in user interface 5002, as shown in Figure 5BZ).
  • the list of e-mail summary items is animated to indicate a gap in the former location of e-mail summary item 5008 that gradually closes to indicate that e-mail summary item 5008 has been archived.
  • e-mail summary item 5004 is located next to fourth e-mail summary item 5009.
  • Figures 5CC-5CM illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5004 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input), for meeting an operation triggering threshold in response to a second portion of the input (e.g., a drag input in a first direction) and subsequently meeting an operation cancellation threshold in response a third portion of the input (e.g., a drag input in a second direction).
  • a first portion of an input e.g., a press input
  • an operation triggering threshold in response to a second portion of the input
  • a third portion of the input e.g., a drag input in a second direction
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying visual feedback when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, when the threshold for triggering the operation for changing the read/unread status of the e-mail is met, and when the threshold for canceling the operation for changing the read/unread status of the e-mail is met.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5004, such as touch-down of contact 5164 on touch screen 112.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5164 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CC, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CD.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L light press intensity threshold
  • selected e-mail summary item 5004 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5164 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CD, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CE.
  • the device produces tactile output 5166 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5166-a and waveform 5166-b) and the device displays preview 5129 of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5004.
  • preview 5129 moves in response to the movement of the contact 5164, gradually revealing (e.g., from beneath preview panel 5128) content-marking indicator 5132.
  • Contact 5164 continues to move along a path over preview 5129 as indicated by arrow 5170.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5164 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5164 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or moves past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5172 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5172-a and waveform 5172-b) to indicate that the movement threshold criteria for trigging the change of read/unread status of the e-mail are met.
  • the device changes the appearance of content-marking indicator 5132 (e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted) to indicate that, on lift-off of the contact, the status of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5004 will change from "unread” to "read.”
  • Contact 5164 continues to move along a path over preview 5129 as indicated by arrow 5174.
  • the device provides tactile output 5180 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5180-a and waveform 5180-b) to indicate that the threshold for cancelling the operation for changing the read/unread status of the e-mail has been met.
  • tactile output 5180 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5180-a and waveform 5180-b
  • the device changes the appearance of content-marking indicator 5132 (e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted) to indicate that the status of the e-mail (e.g., "read” or "unread") will not be changed on lift-off of contact 5164.
  • content-marking indicator 5132 e.g., the coloration of content-marking indicator 5132 is inverted
  • preview 5129 in response to lift-off of contact 5164 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5164 has met reversal criteria described above with regard to Figure 5CK, preview 5129 is released.
  • display of preview 5129 is replaced by the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., preview 5129 continues sliding to the left until preview 5129 is no longer visible in user interface 5002 and the list of e-mail summary items is re-displayed).
  • Figure 5CM display of the unread mail indicator 5020 is maintained in first e-mail summary 5004.
  • Figures 5CN-5CY illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5004 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input), for meeting an operation triggering threshold in response to a second portion of the input (e.g., a drag input in a first direction) and subsequently meeting an operation cancellation threshold in response a third portion of the input (e.g., a drag input in a second direction).
  • a first portion of an input e.g., a press input
  • an operation triggering threshold e.g., a drag input in a first direction
  • a third portion of the input e.g., a drag input in a second direction
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying visual feedback when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, when the threshold for triggering the operation for archiving the e-mail is met, and when the threshold for canceling the operation for archiving the e-mail is met.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5004, such as touch-down of contact 5180 on touch screen 112.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5180 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CN, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CO.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L light press intensity threshold
  • selected e-mail summary item 5004 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5180 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CO, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5CP.
  • the device produces tactile output 5182 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5182-a and waveform 5182-b) to indicate that the threshold for displaying a preview of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5004 is met.
  • the device displays preview 5129 that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5004.
  • preview 5129 continues to moves in response to the movement of the contact 5186, continuing to reveal (e.g., from beneath preview 5129) archiving indicator 5156.
  • Contact 5180 continues to move along a path over preview 5129 as indicated by arrow 5188.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5180 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., contact 5180 moves by a distance exceeding a movement threshold or past a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device produces tactile output 5190 (e.g., MiniTap (270 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5190-a and waveform 5190-b) to indicate that the threshold for triggering the archiving operation is met.
  • the device changes the appearance of archiving indicator 5156 (e.g., the coloration of archiving indicator 5156 is inverted) to indicate that, on lift-off of the contact, the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5004 will be archived.
  • Contact 5180 continues to move along a path over preview 5129 as indicated by arrow 5192.
  • the device provides tactile output 5198 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5198-a and waveform 5198-b) to indicate that the threshold for cancelling the archiving operation is met.
  • tactile output 5198 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.55, as illustrated by indicator 5198-a and waveform 5198-b
  • the device changes the appearance of archiving indicator 5156 (e.g., the coloration of archiving indicator 5156 is inverted) to indicate that the e-mail will not be archived on lift-off of contact 5180.
  • preview 5129 in response to lift-off of contact 5180 from touch screen 112 when movement of contact 5180 has met reversal criteria described above with regard to Figure 5CW, preview 5129 is released.
  • display of preview 5129 is replaced by the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., preview 5129 continues sliding to the right until preview 5129 is no longer visible in user interface 5002 and the list of e-mail summary items is re-displayed).
  • Figures 5CZ-5DD illustrate a process for displaying a preview of an e-mail corresponding to e-mail summary item 5200 in response to a first portion of an input (e.g., a press input that meets the light press intensity threshold IT L ), and for displaying the e-mail in response to a second portion of the input (e.g., a deep press input that meets the deep press intensity threshold IT D ).
  • the device generates tactile output in conjunction with displaying the preview when the threshold for displaying the preview is met, and in conjunction with displaying the content of the email when the threshold for displaying the e- mail is met.
  • the device detects an input on e-mail summary item 5200, such as touch-down of contact 5202 on touch screen 112.
  • a characteristic intensity of contact 5202 increases from below a hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DA, to a characteristic intensity above IT H and below a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DB.
  • IT H hint intensity threshold
  • IT L light press intensity threshold
  • e-mail summary item 5200 is shown un-blurred while at least a portion of the remainder of user interface 5002 is blurred.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5202 increases from above IT H and below IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DB, to above IT L , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DC.
  • the device produces tactile output 5204 (e.g., MicroTap (200 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5204-a and waveform 5204-b) and the device displays preview 5131 of the e-mail that corresponds to e-mail summary item 5200.
  • the characteristic intensity of contact 5202 increases from above IT L and below IT D , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DC, to above IT D , as shown in intensity level meter 5124 of Figure 5DD.
  • the device produces tactile output 5205 (e.g., FullTap (150 Hz), gain: 1.0, as illustrated by indicator 5205-a and waveform 5205-b) and the device ceases to display preview 5131 and displays the e-mail 5201 that corresponds to e- mail summary item 5200.
  • Figures 5DE-5DK illustrate a process for providing a tactile output in response to a drag input by a contact that passes a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the tactile output is provided in conjunction with visually indicating that the threshold for refreshing a list of e-mail summary items has been reached and that the e-mail list will be refreshed (e.g., upon termination of the input, or upon crossing of the threshold position).
  • the device detects an input, such as a downward swipe gesture by contact 5206 on touch screen 112, on a list of e-mail summary items on user interface 5002.
  • the list of e-mail summary items on user interface 5002 includes e-mail summary items 5208, 5210, and 5212.
  • the list of e-mail summary items may include additional information such as thread information 5214.
  • a current status of the list of e-mail summary items (e.g., "Updated Just Now") is indicated at status indicator field 5224.
  • Contact 5206 moves along a path on the list of e-mail summary items as indicated by arrow 5216.
  • progress indicator 5218 indicates, e.g., whether the movement of contact 5206 meets movement threshold criteria (e.g., movement past a threshold position in the user interface) for refreshing a list and/or whether a refresh process to download and present newly received e-mails is ongoing. For example, when the movement of contact 5206 meets the movement threshold criteria, a full ring of progress indicator spokes is displayed, as indicated in 5DG. The contact 5206 continues to move along a path over the list of e-mail summary items as indicated by arrow 5222.
  • movement threshold criteria e.g., movement past a threshold position in the user interface
  • the device produces tactile output 5226 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), gain: 0.6, as illustrated by indicator 5226-a and waveform 5226-b) and initiates a content refresh process (e.g., to check for recently received e-mail).
  • the status indicated in status indicator field 5224 is updated to indicate that the content refresh process is initiated (e.g., "Checking for Mail").
  • the e-mail summary list including the new e-mail summary item 5228, is returned to its original position, and status indicator field 5224 is updated to indicate that the e-mail summary list has been updated (e.g., "Updated Just Now").
  • Figures 6A-6X illustrate example user interfaces for providing tactile outputs that correspond to switching between content that correspond to different indices during navigation of indexed content.
  • the user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in Figures 22A-22E.
  • the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
  • Figure 6A illustrates a user interface 6002 for navigating an indexed list of names (e.g., contacts) in an address book.
  • the user interface 6002 includes index scrubber 6004 and name list 6006.
  • the name entries in name list 6006 are categorized into groups according to a letter in the identifying information for a name.
  • Name list 6006 includes an "A" group of names (e.g., names that start with the letter "A") that includes names 6008, 6010, 6012, and 6014; a "B" group of names (e.g., names that start with the letter "B") that includes names 6016 and 6018; and a "C" group of names (e.g., names that start with the letter "C”) that includes name 6022 and 6018.
  • the name list 6006 includes group indices that are located adjacent to (e.g., preceding) the groups. For example, the "A" group of names is preceded by "A" group index 6022, the "B" group of names is preceded by “B” group index 6024, and the "C” group of names is preceded by "C” group index 6026.
  • Index scrubber 6004 includes a listing of all of the group indices (in some embodiments, only a subset of group indices are displayed (e.g., some intermediate group indices may not be displayed due to space constraints in the index scrubber 6004)) for the name list 6006. For example, index scrubber 6004 includes index marker 6028 for index "A,” index marker 6030 for index "B,” and index marker 6032 for index "C.”
  • Figures 6B-6H illustrate input to navigate between groups of name entries in name list 6006 using index scrubber 6004.
  • Figures 6B-6E illustrates movement of contact 6034 in the downward direction along index scrubber 6004.
  • MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6038-a and waveform 6038-b).
  • Contact 6034 continues to move downward along index 6004 as indicated by arrow 6042.
  • “slow” movement during which the device provides tactile output every time contact 6034 reaches a next index marker along index scrubber 6004.
  • movement of the contact 6034 is “fast” movement (e.g., the contact 6034 moves from an index marker to subsequent index markers at time intervals that are shorter than the threshold amount of time)
  • the device does not provide tactile outputs every time contact 6034 reaches a next index marker along index scrubber 6004 (e.g., some tactile outputs are skipped), as described further below with regard to Figures 6I-6L.
  • Figures 6F-6H illustrates movement of contact 6034 in the upward direction along index scrubber 6004.
  • contact 6034 is a location of index marker 6032 for index marker "C" on index scrubber 6004. Contact 6034 moves upward along index 6004 as indicated by arrow 6054.
  • index list 6006 is shifted on the display such that "B" group index 6024 is located at upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed and the device produces tactile output 6056 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6056-a and waveform 6056-b).
  • tactile output 6056 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6056-a and waveform 6056-b.
  • Contact 6034 continues to move upward along index scrubber 6004 as indicated by arrow 6060.
  • name list 6006 is shifted on the display such that "A" group index 6022 is located at upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed and the device produces tactile output 6062 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6062-a and waveform 6062-b).
  • tactile output 6062 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6062-a and waveform 6062-b.
  • Figures 6I-6L illustrate an input (e.g., with "fast” movement) to navigate between groups of name entries in name list 6006 using index scrubber 6004.
  • name list 6006 is shifted on the display such that "B" group index 6024 is located at upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed and the device produces tactile output 6068 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6068-a and waveform 6068-b).
  • tactile output 6068 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6068-a and waveform 6068-b.
  • Contact 6034 continues to move downward along index 6004 as indicated by arrow 6072.
  • 6004 is "fast” movement (e.g., faster than the "slow” movement described with regard to
  • name list 6006 is shifted on the display such that "D" group index 6079 is located at upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed and the device produces a tactile output 6078 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6078-a and waveform 6078-b).
  • a tactile output 6078 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6078-a and waveform 6078-b.
  • Figures 6M-6Z illustrate a process for swiping on name list 6006 to navigate between groups of name entries. Tactile outputs are optionally generated when each group of names passes a threshold position in the user interface.
  • the device detects an input, such as touch-down of contact 6082 at a location on touch screen 112 that corresponds to name list 6006.
  • Contact 6082 moves downward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6084.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082 (e.g., name list 6006 is
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6094 such that "B" group index 6024 is partially displayed but has not yet fully crossed upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed.
  • Contact 6082 continues to move downward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6096.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082.
  • the device produces tactile output 6098 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6098-a and waveform 6098-b).
  • tactile output 6098 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6098-a and waveform 6098-b.
  • Contact 6082 continues to move downward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6102.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082 such that "A" group index 6022 is partially displayed but has not yet fully crossed upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed. Contact 6082 continues to move downward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6108.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082.
  • the device produces tactile output 6110 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6110-a and waveform 6110-b).
  • tactile output 6110 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6110-a and waveform 6110-b.
  • Contact 6082 continues to move downward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6114.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6094, revealing names in the "A" group. Movement of contact 6082 reverses direction and contact 6082 moves upward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6116.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082, revealing an additional name from the "D" group.
  • Contact 6082 continues to move upward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6118.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082 such that "A" group index 6022 is partially obscured but has not yet fully crossed upper edge 6040 of the region in which name list 6006 is displayed. Contact 6082 continues to move upward in name list 6006 as indicated by arrow 6120.
  • Name list 6006 moves in response to the movement of contact 6082.
  • the device produces tactile output 6122-a (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6122-a and waveform 6122-b).
  • tactile output 6122-a e.g., MicroTap (270Hz), gain:0.5, as illustrated by indicator 6122-a and waveform 6122-b.
  • Figures 7A-7Q illustrate example user interfaces for providing tactile outputs during variable rate scrubbing in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in Figures 24A-24G.
  • the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
  • Figures 7A-7D illustrate initiating playing of content in a content player at a regular playback speed.
  • Figure 7A displays a user interface 702 for a media content player that includes: a slider control 704; an adjustable progress indicator 706 in the slider control that indicates a current position in the content being played on the device; and other media content player controls, such as a play/pause icon 714.
  • the device detects an input on the play/pause icon 714, such as a tap gesture by contact 716, which initiates playback of the content at a regular playback speed, as shown in Figures 7C-7D.
  • Figures 7E-7K illustrate movement 720 of contact 718 (e.g., in a drag gesture) from the progress indicator 706, away from the slider control 704, and across boundaries 708, 710, and 712.
  • boundaries 708, 710, and 712 are visually marked in user interface 702.
  • boundaries 708, 710, and 712 are invisible boundaries.
  • each boundary is optionally displayed briefly when it is crossed by a contact.
  • the boundaries separate areas that correspond to different scrubbing rates for adjusting the position of the progress indicator 706 in slider control 704.
  • the position of the progress indicator 706 in the slider control 704 moves by the same amount as the horizontal component of movement of contact 718 on the display, parallel to the slider control (so-called “full-speed scrubbing"). While contact 718 is between boundary 708 and boundary 710, the position of the progress indicator 706 in the slider control 704 moves by an amount that is just a fraction (e.g., 1/2 or equivalently 50%) of the horizontal component of movement of contact 718 on the display, parallel to the slider control (so-called "half-speed scrubbing").
  • the device provides tactile outputs (e.g., a MicroTap medium (150Hz), Gain max: 0.8, Gain min: 0.0) to help a user adjust the scrubbing rate and quickly and precisely adjust the position of the progress indicator 706.
  • tactile outputs are triggered when the contact 718 crosses each of boundaries 708, 710, and 712.
  • tactile output 726 ( Figure 7G) is produced when contact 718 crosses boundary 708
  • tactile output 728 ( Figure 71) is produced when contact 718 crosses boundary 710
  • tactile output 730 (Figure 7K) is produced when the contact 718 crosses boundary 712.
  • tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that the scrubbing rate is changing, which helps the user to select and use the desired scrubbing rate (e.g., initially using full-speed scrubbing to move the progress indicator quickly and then using slower scrubbing speeds to more precisely adjust the position of the progress indicator).
  • crossing boundaries 708, 710, and 712 also triggers concurrent changes in visual feedback to the user.
  • the displayed text "Full- Speed Scrubbing” e.g., as shown by scrubbing speed indicator 722-a in Figures 7E-7F
  • Half-Speed Scrubbing e.g., as shown by scrubbing speed indicator 722-b in Figure 7G
  • the displayed text "Half-Speed Scrubbing” e.g., as shown by scrubbing speed indicator 722-b in Figures 7G-7H
  • “Quarter- Speed Scrubbing” e.g., as shown by scrubbing speed indicator 722-c in Figure 71
  • the displayed text "Quarter -Speed Scrubbing” e.g., as shown by scrubbing speed indicator 722-c in Figures 7I-7J
  • Fine-Speed Scrubbing e.
  • Figures 7L-7Q illustrate movement 720 of the contact 718 (e.g., in a continuation of the drag gesture in Figures 7E-7K) back towards the slider control 704, first across boundary 712, then across boundary 710, and then across boundary 708.
  • the device provides tactile outputs when the contact 718 crosses each of boundaries 712, 710, and 708, and concurrently adjusts the scrubbing rate (e.g., from fine- speed scrubbing to quarter-speed scrubbing, to half-speed scrubbing, and then to full-speed scrubbing).
  • the characteristics of a given tactile output depend on the characteristics of the movement of the contact 718.
  • the device determines the velocity of the contact 718 at the time that a given boundary (or other threshold) is crossed.
  • the tactile output pattern is adjusted in accordance with the velocity of the contact when the boundary is crossed.
  • a gain factor applied to the amplitude of the tactile output pattern increases as the velocity of the contact at the boundary increases. For example, in Figure 7G, the velocity of movement 720-c of the contact 718-c at boundary 708 is between a medium speed threshold V M and a fast speed threshold V F and a medium gain is applied in tactile output 726 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain: 0.5).
  • the velocity of movement 720-g of the contact 718-g at boundary 712 is between the medium speed threshold V M and a low speed threshold Vo and a small gain is applied in tactile output 730 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain: 0.3).
  • a small gain is applied in tactile output 730 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain: 0.3).
  • This increase in gain/amplitude with velocity increases feedback to the user, which the user might otherwise miss because of the rapid contact movement.
  • the gain factor increases with the total velocity of the contact at the boundary (or other threshold).
  • the gain factor increases with the vertical component of the velocity of the contact at the boundary (or other threshold).
  • Figures 8A-8N, 9A-9V, and 1 OA- 101 illustrate example user interfaces for providing tactile outputs for slider controls in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in Figures 26A-26E.
  • the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 and a separate touch- sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
  • Figures 8A-8E illustrate slowly adjusting a slider control for display brightness to a minimum brightness value, which does not produce a tactile output because of the slow adjustment speed at the minimum brightness value.
  • Figure 8 A displays user interface 810 that includes a control panel with a plurality of device control affordances, including slider control 812 for adjusting the brightness of the display.
  • the slider control 812 includes first end 816 that corresponds to a first value (e.g., a minimum brightness); second end 818 that corresponds to a second value (e.g., a maximum brightness); and movable indicator 814 (e.g., a bubble, thumb or other moveable icon) that indicates a current value in the (continuous) range of values between the first value and the second value.
  • a first value e.g., a minimum brightness
  • second value e.g., a maximum brightness
  • movable indicator 814 e.g., a bubble, thumb or other moveable icon
  • the device detects an input on the movable indicator 814, e.g., a slow drag gesture by contact 820 with movement 822, which slowly adjusts the brightness of the display down to the minimum value.
  • the rate of movement 822 e.g., movement 822-c in Figure 8D
  • the rate of movement 822 of the contact 820 and the indicator 814 when the indicator 814 reaches the minimum value 816 is below a threshold speed, so no tactile output is produced.
  • the device detects a faster input on movable indicator 814, e.g., a flick gesture by contact 824 with movement 826, which quickly adjusts the brightness of the display down toward the minimum value.
  • movable indicator 814 continues to move with simulated inertia at a rate of movement 827.
  • the rate of movement 827 (e.g., movement 827-b in Figure 8H) when moveable indicator 814 reaches the minimum end 816 is above the threshold speed, so device generates tactile output 828 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.3) with a tactile output pattern (e.g., amplitude of the tactile output pattern) that is configured based on the speed of indicator 814 when indicator 814 reaches the minimum end 816 of slider control 812. For example, at above the threshold speed, a greater gain factor is applied to a baseline tactile output pattern for a greater speed of the indicator when the indicator reaches the minimum end of the slider control.
  • tactile output 828 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.3
  • a tactile output pattern e.g., amplitude of the tactile output pattern
  • the device when indicator 814 is dragged to minimum end 816 of slider control 812 with more than the threshold speed, the device generates a tactile output as well.
  • the tactile output pattern of the tactile output that is generated is also configured according to the speed of indicator 814 when indicator 814 reaches the minimum end 816 of slider control 812. For example, a greater speed of moveable indicator 814 corresponds to a greater gain factor that is applied to a baseline tactile output pattern.
  • tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that the minimum end of the slider control has been reached. Stronger tactile outputs are provided as faster, less precise inputs are used. Conversely, in some cases, tactile outputs are not provided, to avoid distracting the user, when the user is carefully adjusting the indicator with a drag gesture at a slower speed to the minimum value of the slider control.
  • the device detects an input on movable indicator 814, e.g., a drag gesture by contact 830 with movement 832, which adjusts the brightness of the display up toward maximum end 818 of slider control 812.
  • Tactile output 834 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.3
  • the tactile output pattern of tactile output 834 is configured based on the rate of movement of indicator 814 when the indicator 814 reaches maximum end 818 of slider control 812 (e.g., tactile output 834 has a gain of 0.5).
  • the device detects a faster input on the movable indicator 814, e.g., a flick gesture by contact 836 with movement 838, which quickly adjusts the brightness of the display up toward the maximum end 818.
  • a flick gesture e.g., after lift-off of contact 836
  • indicator 814 continues to move with simulated inertia.
  • the rate of movement 839 by indicator 814 reduces gradually as indicator 814 continues to move along slider control 812.
  • Tactile output 840 is produced (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.3) with a tactile output pattern that is configured based on the speed 839-b of indicator 814 when indicator 814 reaches maximum end 818 of slider control 812. Since speed 839-b of indicator 814 is slower in Figure 8N than the speed of the indicator 814 in Figure 8K, a smaller gain factor (e.g., a gain of 0.3) is applied to the baseline tactile output pattern to generate tactile output 840, as compared to the gain factor (e.g., a gain of 0.5) used in the generation of tactile output 843. [00399] These tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that the maximum value has been reached in the slider control. Stronger tactile outputs are provided as faster, less precise inputs are used.
  • visual feedback is also displayed when indicator 814 reaches an end of slider control 812, such as having indicator 814 bounce off of and away from the end of slider control 812, and then having indicator 814 return to the end of the slider control.
  • Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the end of the slider control has been reached and improves the operability of the slider control.
  • Figures 9A-9V illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing tactile outputs while moving an indicator in a circular slider control, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 9A-9V display exemplary user interface 900 for a sleep timer, which includes circular slider control 902 positioned around clock face 904 (e.g., a slider control where the first end is connected to the second end, for example, at 12:00).
  • Clock face 904 includes major tick marks 908-1 to 908-12 which correspond to a first set of predefined values in hour increments, on the hour, in circular control slider 902.
  • Clock face 904 also includes minor tick marks 910-1 to 910-36 which correspond to a second set of predefined values in 15 minute increments, off the hour, in circular slider control 902.
  • Moveable indicator 906 is displayed along circular slider 902 and can be moved around the outside of clock face 904.
  • Moveable indicator 906 corresponds to a user-defined timer period, as bound by first end 901 and second end 903. For example, a user may set a bed-time with first end 901 and a wake-time with second end 903.
  • User interface 900 provides tactile feedback when an end of moveable indicator 906 reaches an end of the slider (e.g., 12:00), as well as when moving over a major tick mark 908 or minor tick mark 910, assisting the user determine the set points of the slider control.
  • FIGs 9A-9F illustrate an exemplary embodiment where the device generates tactile outputs to indicate predetermined times, when setting the starting and ending points of a user-defined time period on the sleep timer.
  • the tactile outputs are generated when an end of the indicator moves over a tick mark on the clock face (e.g., as shown in Figures 9C and 9E), and differ depending on whether the end slides over a minor tick mark or a major tick mark. No tactile output is generated when an end of the indicator is passing a location between two tick marks (e.g., as shown in Figure 9D).
  • the device imposes a limit on the maximum rate at which tactile outputs are generated, so if the indicator moves very quickly around the click face, some tactile outputs may be skipped.
  • a threshold amount of time e.g., 0.05s
  • the device forgoes generation of the current tactile output.
  • Figure 9A illustrates a sleep alarm set for an eight-hour sleep time, between 11 :00 PM and 7:00 AM, as indicated by the position of moveable indicator 906 (first end 901 is positioned at major tick mark 908-11, corresponding to 11 :00 PM, and second end 903 is positioned at major tick mark 908-7, corresponding to 7:00 AM).
  • device 100 detects a drag gesture. The device rotates movable indicator 906 around slider control 902, in accordance with movement 914 of contact 912, in Figures 9B-9E.
  • first tactile output 916 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.0
  • second tactile output 918 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3
  • Second tactile output 918 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 1.0 in Figure 9E) is stronger than first tactile output 916 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.6 in Figure 9C) because the ends of indicator 906 were over a major tick mark in Figure 9E and a minor tick mark in Figure 9C.
  • Figure 9F shows lift-off of the contact, ending rotation of the indicator 906.
  • Figures 9F-9J illustrate an exemplary embodiment where the device generates tactile output to indicate predetermined times, when shrinking the user-defined time period indicator by moving a single end of a movable indicator towards the other end of the indicator.
  • the tactile output is generated when the end of the indicator moves over a tick mark on the clock face (e.g., as shown in Figure 9H).
  • No tactile output is generated when an end of the indicator is passing a location between two tick marks (e.g., as shown in Figure 91).
  • Figure 9F illustrates a sleep alarm set for an eight-hour sleep time, between 12:00 PM (e.g., midnight) and 8:00 AM, as indicated by the position of moveable indicator 906 (first end 901 is positioned at major tick mark 908-12, corresponding to 12:00 PM, and second end 903 is positioned at major tick mark 908-8, corresponding to 8:00 AM).
  • device 100 detects a drag gesture.
  • movement 922 of contact 920 causes only second end 903 of movable indicator 906 to rotate around circular slider control 902, because contact 920 was first detected at the end of the indicator.
  • third tactile output 924 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3
  • Third tactile output 918 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 1.0 in Figure 9H
  • first tactile output 916 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.6 in Figure 9C
  • Figures 9K-9N illustrate an embodiment where the device generates tactile output to indicate predetermined times, when either end of a movable indicator moves over a tick mark on the clock face. The tactile output is generated even if the other end of the indicator does concurrently cross over a tick mark on the clock face.
  • This series of figures also illustrates an exemplary embodiment where the device generates a smaller tactile output while rotating a smaller movable indicator, as compared to the series of Figures 9A-9F, which illustrate a larger tactile output for similar triggering events.
  • Figure 9K illustrates a sleep alarm set for a four-hour and forty-minute sleep time, between 12:00 PM (e.g., midnight) and 4:40 AM, as indicated by the position of moveable indicator 906 (first end 901 is positioned at major tick mark 908-12, corresponding to 12:00 PM, and second end 903 is positioned at a position corresponding to 4:40 AM).
  • device 100 detects a drag gesture. The device rotates movable indicator 906 around slider control 902, in accordance with movement 928 of contact 926, in Figures 9K- 9M.
  • the device While continuing to rotate indicator 906, the device generates fifth tactile output 931 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3) when second end 901 passes over major tick mark 908-6, in Figure 9M, even though first end 901 is not concurrently passing over a tick mark.
  • fifth tactile output 931 e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3
  • Fifth tactile output 931 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.5 in Figure 9M) is stronger than fourth tactile output 930 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.3 in Figure 9L) because the end of indicator 906 was over a major tick mark in Figure 9M and a minor tick mark in Figure 9L.
  • Figure 9N shows lift-off of the contact, ending rotation of indicator 906.
  • Figures 9L and 9M illustrate tactile inputs generated in response to one end of the indicator passing over minor and major tick marks, as also illustrated in Figures 9C and 9E, respectively.
  • indicator 906 is smaller in Figures 9L and 9M, than in Figures 9C and 9E, the respective tactile outputs generated in Figure 9L (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.3) and Figure 9M (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.5) are smaller than the corresponding tactile outputs in Figure 9C (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.6) and Figure 9E (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 1.0).
  • Figure 9C e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • Figure 9E e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • Figures 90-9Q illustrate an exemplary embodiment where the device generates tactile output to indicate predetermined times, when expanding the user-defined time period indicator by moving a single end of a movable indicator away from the other end of the indicator.
  • the tactile output is generated when the end of the indicator moves over a tick mark on the clock face.
  • Figure 90 illustrates a sleep alarm set for a four-hour and forty-minute sleep time, between 1 :20 AM and 6:00 AM, as indicated by the position of moveable indicator 906 (first end 901 is positioned at a position corresponding to 1 :20 AM, and second end 903 is positioned at major tick mark 908-6, corresponding to 6:00 AM).
  • device 100 detects a drag gesture.
  • movement 934 of contact 932 causes only first end 901 of movable indicator 906 to rotate around circular slider control 902, because contact 932 was first detected at the end of the indicator. This causes movable indicator 906 to expand from a four-hour and forty -minute time period, in Figure 90, to a five-hour and thirty-minute time period, in Figure 9P.
  • Figure 9Q shows lift-off of the contact, ending rotation of the indicator 906.
  • Figures 9R-9V illustrate an embodiment where the device suppresses a tactile output when triggered at the same time another tactile output is triggered.
  • the Figures also illustrate an embodiment where the device generates a tactile output after a gesture ends, while the movable indicator continues to move with simulated inertia from the gesture.
  • Figure 9R illustrates a sleep alarm set for a five-hour and thirty-minute sleep time, between 12:30 AM and 6:00 AM, as indicated by the position of moveable indicator 906 (first end 901 is positioned at minor tick mark 910-2, corresponding to 12:30 AM, and second end 903 is positioned at major tick mark 908-6, corresponding to 6:00 AM.
  • device 100 detects a drag gesture. The device rotates movable indicator 906 around slider control 902, in accordance with movement 940 of contact 938, in Figures 9R-9T.
  • tactile output 942 is a MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.0.
  • the device superimposes the tactile outputs that would be generated for each end that is passing a tick mark, and generate a combined tactile output (e.g., with the same waveform and double the amplitude as that shown in Figure 9S).
  • the device uses independent moveable masses to generate tactile outputs for each end that is passing a tick mark.
  • the device While continuing to rotate indicator 906, the device generates seventh tactile output 944 (e.g., MicroTap Medium (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3) when first end 901 passes over major tick mark 908-12 and second end 903 passes over minor tick mark 910-17, in Figure 9T.
  • seventh tactile output 944 e.g., MicroTap Medium (150Hz), Gain max: 1.0, Gain min: 0.3
  • the device suppresses the tactile output that would have been generated by second end 903 passing over minor tick mark 910-17, in favor of generating the tactile output generated by first end 901 passing over major tick mark 908-12. Because the event caused by the first end 901 generates a bigger tactile output than the event caused by the second end 903, the tactile output generated by the event caused by the first end 901 takes priority over the other potential tactile output.
  • tactile output 942 is a MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.9.
  • the device superimposes the tactile outputs that would be generated for each end that is passing a tick mark, and generate a combined tactile output (e.g., with the same waveform and higher amplitude than that shown in Figure 9T).
  • the device uses independent moveable masses to generate tactile outputs for each end that is passing a tick mark.
  • Figure 9T also illustrates lift-off of contact 938.
  • movable indicator 938 is a movable indicator
  • the device While indicator 906 continues to rotate with simulated inertia 945, the device generates eighth tactile output 946 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.6, Gain min: 0.0) when first end 901 passes over minor tick mark 910-35 and second end 903 passes over major tick mark 908-5, in Figure 9U. Because the first end and second end pass over tick marks at the same time, and because second end 903 is passing over a higher priority tick mark than is first end 901, the device suppresses the tactile output that would have been generated by first end 901, in favor of generating the tactile output generated by second end 903 passing over major tick mark 908-5.
  • Figure 9V illustrates indicator 906 coming to rest over a time period spanning from 11 :20 PM to 4:50 AM. No further tactile outputs are generated because the ends of the indicator are positioned between tick marks.
  • the tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that an end of the indicator has reached a predetermined value (e.g., time) on the circular slider control, e.g., every fifteen minutes. Greater tactile outputs are provided so that the user can distinguish a sub-set of predetermined values (e.g., times on the hour) from the larger set of predetermined values (e.g., fifteen-minute increments). This allows a user to more easily set a value (e.g., time or period of time) on the circular slider, by providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback, which enhances the overall feedback to the user and improves the operability of the slider control.
  • a predetermined value e.g., time
  • a sub-set of predetermined values e.g., times on the hour
  • predetermined values e.g., fifteen-minute increments.
  • tactile outputs are dampened or not provided, to avoid distracting the user.
  • haptic feedback is also helpful to convey information to the user when the user's finger or stylus obscures a key portion of the user interface.
  • Figures 9A-9V display exemplary user interface 900 for a sleep timer, which includes clock 902.
  • the clock includes a timer handle 906, having a first end 901 that defines a first (e.g., starting) time in a user-defined time period and a second end 903 that defines a second (e.g., ending) time in the user-defined time period; and a clock face 904, representing a continuous range of values (e.g., times from 12:00 to 11 :59), including major tick marks 908-1 to 908-12 which correspond to a first set of predefined values in the continuous range of values (e.g., in hour increments, on the hour) and minor tick marks 910-1 to 910-36 which correspond to a second set of predefined values in the continuous range of values (e.g., 15 minute increments, off the hour).
  • a timer handle 906 having a first end 901 that defines a first (e.g., starting) time in a user-defined time period and a second end
  • Timer handle 906 corresponds to a user-defined timer period, as bound by first end 901 and second end 903.
  • Timer handle 906 is movable (e.g., rotatable) around clock face 904, responsive to user input gestures initiated in the middle (e.g., not on the ends) of the handle, e.g., as illustrated in sets of Figures 9B-9E, 9K-9M, and 9R-9V.
  • Timer handle 906 is contractible (e.g. as illustrated in series of Figures 9G-9J) and expandable (e.g., as illustrated in series of Figures 90-9Q), responsive to user input gestures initiated on either end. While rotating, contracting, or expanding, device 100 generates tactile outputs when either end 901 and 903 passes over a tick mark on the face of the clock.
  • Figures 1 OA- 101 illustrate example user interfaces for providing tactile outputs for an image picker slider while choosing an image from a plurality of images (e.g., choosing one or more images from a series of images taken in a burst mode of a digital camera).
  • Figure 10A displays a user interface 1002 that enables a user to manually choose one or more images from a sequence of images, which includes: an image slider 1003 that includes reduced-scale representations 1006 (e.g., thumbnail images) of a plurality of images 1004 in a sequence of images; a pointer 1008 that points to a given reduced scale representation (e.g., 1006-4) whose corresponding (larger) image (e.g., 1004-4) is being is displayed; a (larger) image 1004 that corresponds to the reduced-scale representation 1006 that pointer 1008 is currently pointing to; indicator 1010 that indicates an image that automatic analysis of the sequence of images (e.g., automatic analysis of sharpness, clarity, and/or motion blur) finds to be a better image in the sequence of images; a check box area 1011 for image 1004 that when activated (e.g., by a tap gesture) places a check or other mark to indicate that the user has chosen that image; a cancel icon that when activate
  • user interface 1002 is displayed in response to detecting an input (e.g., a tap gesture) on a selection icon that corresponds to the sequence of images 1004.
  • an input e.g., a tap gesture
  • the device detects an input on the image slider 1003, such as a drag, swipe, or flick gesture by contact 1012 with movement 1014, which horizontally scrolls the reduced-scale representations 1006 in the image slider 1003 rightward and concurrently changes the corresponding image 1004 that is displayed.
  • an input on the image slider 1003 such as a drag, swipe, or flick gesture by contact 1012 with movement 1014, which horizontally scrolls the reduced-scale representations 1006 in the image slider 1003 rightward and concurrently changes the corresponding image 1004 that is displayed.
  • the pointer 1008 points to reduced-scale representation 1006-4 and the corresponding (larger) image 1004-4 is displayed
  • Figure IOC the pointer 1008 points to reduced-scale representation 1006-2 and the corresponding (larger) image 1004-2 is displayed.
  • the pointer 1008 points to a reduced-scale representation at a terminus of the image slider 1003, namely reduced-scale representation 1006-1 at the beginning of the image slider 1003, which triggers tactile output 1015 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.8, Gain min: 0.0).
  • the tactile output 1015 is optionally produced with a tactile output pattern that is based on the speed of the image slider 1003 when a reduced-scale representation at a terminus of the image slider 1003 reaches the pointer 1008. For example, as the speed of the image slider 1003 increases, the gain of the tactile output pattern increases.
  • tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that a terminus of the image slider has been reached, with greater tactile outputs being provided as faster, less precise inputs are used. Conversely, in some cases, tactile outputs are not provided, to avoid distracting the user, when the user is carefully adjusting the image slider 1003 with a drag gesture at a slower speed.
  • the tactile output 1015 is triggered when the pointer
  • the tactile output 1015 is triggered when the pointer 1008 is over the center of the reduced-scale representation 1006. In some embodiments, the tactile output 1015 is triggered when the pointer 1008 is over the right hand edge of the reduced-scale representation 1006. In some embodiments, the tactile output 1015 is triggered when the pointer 1008 is over the left hand edge of the reduced-scale representation 1006.
  • visual feedback is also provided when a terminus of the image slider 1003 is reached, such as a "rubber band" effect.
  • a terminus of the image slider 1003 such as a "rubber band" effect.
  • the image slider 1003 continues to scroll horizontally rightward such that the pointer 1008 is no longer pointing to the reduced-scale representation 1006-1 at the terminus of the image slider 1003, as shown in Figure 10E.
  • the image slider 1003 scrolls horizontally leftward such that the pointer 1008 points to the reduced-scale representation 1006-1 at the terminus of the image slider 1003, as shown in Figure 10F.
  • Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that an end of the image slider has been reached and improves the operability of the image slider control.
  • the device detects an input on the image slider 1003, such as a drag, swipe, or flick gesture by contact 1016 with movement 1018, which horizontally scrolls the reduced-scale representations 1006 in the image slider 1003 leftward.
  • an input on the image slider 1003 such as a drag, swipe, or flick gesture by contact 1016 with movement 1018, which horizontally scrolls the reduced-scale representations 1006 in the image slider 1003 leftward.
  • the pointer 1008 points to reduced-scale representation 1006-4, whose corresponding (larger) image 1004-4 was originally displayed upon entering the image choosing mode ( Figure 10A), which triggers tactile output 1020 (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz), Gain max: 0.8, Gain min: 0.0).
  • the tactile output 1020 is optionally produced with a tactile output pattern that is based on the speed of the image slider 1003 when the reduced-scale representation 1006-4, whose corresponding (larger) image 1004-4 was originally displayed upon entering the image choosing mode, reaches the pointer 1008. For example, as the speed of the image slider 1003 increases, the gain of the tactile output pattern increases.
  • tactile output 1020 in Figure 10H has a higher amplitude (e.g., with a gain of 0.8) than tactile output 1015 in Figure 10D (e.g., with a gain factor of 0.6), since movement speed of the reduced-scale representations 1006 is higher in Figure 10H than in Figure 10D.
  • These tactile outputs provide feedback to the user that the image 1004 that was originally displayed upon entering the image choosing mode (e.g., 1004-4) is once again being displayed, with greater tactile outputs being provided as faster, less precise inputs are used. This feedback helps the user navigate through the sequence of images back to the originally displayed image. Conversely, in some cases, tactile outputs are not provided, to avoid distracting the user, when the user is carefully adjusting the image slider 1003 with a drag gesture at a slower speed.
  • Figures 11 A-l 1L, 12A-120, and 13A-13L illustrate example user interfaces for providing tactile outputs with visual rubber band effects in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in Figures 28A-28E.
  • the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112.
  • analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
  • Figures 11 A-l IE illustrate a rubber band effect applied to a list of items (e.g., a list of emails in a thread in an email application), with one or more tactile outputs.
  • a list of items e.g., a list of emails in a thread in an email application
  • Figure 11 A displays a user interface 1110 that includes: a list 1111 of emails 1112; a region 1115 adjacent to the list 1111 (e.g., which includes information about emails "Updated Just Now 8, 168 Unread” and an icon that when activated (e.g., by a tap gesture) displays a user interface for preparing a new email); and a threshold position at the top edge of region 1115 (e.g., dashed line 1114, which is typically not displayed as a separate user interface element).
  • a threshold position at the top edge of region 1115 e.g., dashed line 1114, which is typically not displayed as a separate user interface element.
  • the device detects an input on list 1111, namely a drag gesture by contact 1116 with movement 1118, which scrolls the list 1111 of emails 1112 upward in accordance with the movement of contact 1116.
  • an outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 of emails (which corresponds to the bottom edge of email 1112-6) is at the threshold position 1114.
  • tactile output 1121 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6
  • This tactile output 1121 provides feedback to the user that an end of the list has been reached.
  • a characteristic of tactile output 1121 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of the input (e.g., an average speed of the contact) at a time when the outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 moves across the threshold position 1114 in the user interface 1 110. For example, a greater gain of the tactile output is used for a greater speed of the contact when the outer edge 1120 crosses threshold position 1114, which helps make the haptic feedback apparent to the user when faster inputs are made.
  • a characteristic speed of the input e.g., an average speed of the contact
  • a characteristic of tactile output 1121 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of a relevant user interface element (e.g., an average speed of the edge 1120) at a time when the outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 moves across the threshold position 1114 in the user interface 1110. For example, a greater gain of the tactile output is used for a greater speed of the edge 1120 when the outer edge 1120 crosses threshold position 1114, which helps make the haptic feedback apparent to the user when faster inputs are made.
  • a characteristic speed of a relevant user interface element e.g., an average speed of the edge 1120
  • the device detects termination of the contact (e.g., lift-off of contact 1116-d).
  • tactile output 1124 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain:
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1124 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on an extent by which the outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 has moved beyond the threshold position 1114 in the user interface (e.g., at the time when termination of the input is detected). For example, a greater gain of the tactile output is used for a greater extent by which the outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 has moved beyond the threshold position 1114, which makes the haptic feedback increase as the visual rubber band effect feedback increases.
  • the device In response to detecting termination of the contact 1116-d ( Figure 1 IE), the device scrolls the list 1111 downward until the outer edge 1120 of the list returns to the threshold position 1114, as shown in Figures 1 lF-11G.
  • Tactile output 1124 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically displays as much of the bottom portion of the list as possible after lift-off, after showing the user that the bottom edge of the list is being viewed. Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the end of the list has been reached and improves the efficiency of the scrolling process. In some embodiments, only one of tactile output 1121 and tactile output 1124 is produced, to avoid providing excessive haptic feedback.
  • the device detects another input on list 111 1, namely a drag gesture by contact 1126 with movement 1128, which scrolls the list 1111 of emails 1112 upward in accordance with the movement of contact 1126. No tactile output is generated when the edge 1120 of list 1111 passes the threshold position 1114, because the input did not cause any scrolling of the list before the edge 1120 passes the threshold position 1114.
  • FIG. 1 lH-11 J area 1122 is displayed and expands between the outer edge 1120 of list 1111 and the threshold position 1114 as the list 1111 continues to move upwards in accordance with the movement 1128-b of contact 1126-b.
  • the device detects termination of the contact (e.g., lift-off of contact 1126-c).
  • tactile output 1130 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6
  • the device detects termination of the contact.
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1130 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is different from a
  • the gain of the tactile output increases as the extent by which the outer edge 1120 of the list 1111 has moved beyond the threshold position 1114 increases.
  • tactile output 1130 e.g., a gain of 0.6 in Figure 11 J
  • tactile output 1124 e.g., a gain of 0.3 in Figure 1 IE
  • the device In response to detecting termination of the contact 1126-c (Figure 11 J), the device scrolls the list 1111 downward until the outer edge 1120 of the list returns to the threshold position 1114, as shown in Figures 1 lK-11L.
  • a tactile output is generated upon starting to move the position of the outer edge of the list 1111 back towards the threshold position 1114 (e.g., when the list 1111 starts to bounce back, the device generates a tactile output indicating that the list 1111 has started to bounce back).
  • This tactile output upon starting to bounce back is optionally in place of or in addition to tactile output 1121 (which starts upon outer edge 1120 crossing threshold 1114) and/or tactile output 1124 (which starts upon detecting termination of the input).
  • Figures 12A-12F illustrate a rubber band effect applied to a digital image (e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement) after a zoom-out operation, with one or more tactile outputs.
  • a digital image e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement
  • Figure 12A displays a user interface 1210 for editing a digital image that includes: a digital image 1212 displayed at a first size such that the width of the image matches the width of the user interface, with the left edge 1216 of image 1212 at a threshold position 1214 in the user interface (e.g., the left edge of user interface 1210) and with the right edge 1220 of image 1212 at a threshold position 1218 in the user interface (e.g., the right edge of user interface 1210); and affordances that when activated (e.g., by a tap gesture) enable various image editing functions, such as red-eye removal, auto-enhance, crop/rotate, filter, adjustments to light, color, and black & white, revert, and cancel.
  • various image editing functions such as red-eye removal, auto-enhance, crop/rotate, filter, adjustments to light, color, and black & white, revert, and cancel.
  • the device detects an input on image 1212, namely a pinch gesture by contacts 1222 and 1224 with movements 1226 and 1228, respectively, which zoom out the image 1212 in accordance with the movements of contacts 1222 and 1224.
  • the left edge 1216 of image 1212 moves away from threshold position 1214 and the right edge 1220 of image 1212 moves away from threshold position 1218 as the pinch gesture and the zoom out operation progress, with (background) areas beyond the left edge 1216 and the right edge 1220 of the image displayed.
  • device 100 generates tactile output 1230 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6) is triggered when the zoom out starts.
  • Tactile output 1230 provides feedback to the user that the width of the displayed image has been reduced below the width of the user interface (which is optionally the default minimum displayed size for the image), which will lead to a rubber band effect after lift-off of at least one of contacts 1222 and 1224.
  • a tactile output is triggered when an outer edge of the image (e.g., left edge 1216 and/or right edge 1220) crosses a threshold position in the user interface (e.g., threshold position 1214 and/or threshold position 1218).
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1230 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of the input (e.g., a speed of contact 1224 and/or contact 1226) at a time when an outer edge of the image 1212 moves across a threshold position in the user interface 1210.
  • a characteristic speed of the input e.g., a speed of contact 1224 and/or contact 1226
  • the gain of the tactile output increases as the pinching speed of contacts 1224 and 1226 increases when the outer edge of image 1212 crosses a threshold position in the user interface 1210, which helps make the haptic feedback apparent to the user when faster inputs are made.
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1121 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of an outer edge if the image 1212 at a time when the outer edge of the image 1212 moves across a threshold position in the user interface 1210.
  • the gain of the tactile output increases as the speed of an outer edge (e.g., left edge 1216 and/or right edge 1220) increases when the outer edge crosses a threshold position (e.g., threshold position 1214 and/or threshold position 1218), which helps make the haptic feedback apparent to the user when faster inputs are made.
  • the device detects termination of at least one of the contacts (e.g., lift-off of contact 1222-c and/or 1224-c).
  • the device generates tactile output 1232 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6) is triggered when the device detects termination of at least one of the contacts.
  • a characteristic of tactile output 1232 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on an extent by which the outer edges 1216 and 1220 of the image 1212 have moved beyond the threshold positions 1214 and 1218 in the user interface (e.g., at the time when termination of the input is detected). For example, the gain of the tactile output increases as the amount of zoom out (demagnification) of image 1212 upon detecting termination increases, which makes the haptic feedback increase as the visual rubber band effect feedback increases.
  • the device In response to detecting termination of at least one of the contacts (e.g., lift-off of contact 1222-c and/or 1224-c, Figure 12D), the device increases the size of image 1212 until the width of the image once again matches the width of the user interface, as shown in Figures 12E-12F.
  • the left edge 1216 of image 1212 has returned to the threshold position 1214 in the user interface (e.g., the left edge of user interface 1210) and the right edge 1220 of image 1212 has returned to the threshold position 1218 in the user interface (e.g., the right edge of user interface 1210).
  • Tactile output 1232 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically fills the display with the full width of the image after lift-off, after showing the user that the entire image is being viewed. Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the entire image is being viewed and fills the display, which improves the efficiency of viewing images. In some embodiments, only one of tactile output 1230 and tactile output 1232 is produced, to avoid providing excessive haptic feedback.
  • Figures 12G-12J illustrate a rubber band effect applied to a digital image (e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement) after translation, with a tactile output.
  • a digital image e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement
  • the device detects an input on image 1212, namely a drag gesture by contact 1238 with movement 1240, which translates the image 1212 (e.g., upward) in accordance with the movement of contact 1238.
  • the bottom edge 1236 of image 1212 moves away from threshold position 1234 as the drag gesture and the scrolling progress, with more (background) area displayed below the bottom edge 1236.
  • the device detects termination of the contact (e.g., lift-off of contact 1238-b).
  • a tactile output 1242 e.g., MicroTap High (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6
  • the device detects termination of the contact.
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1242 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on an extent by which the bottom edge 1236 of the image 1212 has moved beyond the threshold position 1234 in the user interface (e.g., at the time when termination of the input is detected). For example, the gain of the tactile output increases as the amount of translation of image 1212 upon detecting termination increases, which makes the haptic feedback increase as the visual rubber band effect feedback increases.
  • the device In response to detecting termination of the contact 1238-b ( Figure 12H), the device translates the image 1212 (e.g., downward) until the bottom edge 1236 of the image returns to the threshold position 1234, as shown in Figures 121- 12 J.
  • Tactile output 1242 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically re-centers the image in the user interface after translation. Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the image is being centered and improves the efficiency of the translation process.
  • Figures 12K-120 illustrate a rubber band effect applied to a digital image (e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement) after a zoom-in operation, with one or more tactile outputs.
  • a digital image e.g., a screen capture of a MacBook advertisement
  • the device detects an input on image 1212, namely a depinch gesture by contacts 1244 and 1246 with movements 1248 and 1250, respectively, which zoom in (magnify) the image 1212 in accordance with the movements of contacts 1244 and 1246.
  • a depinch gesture by contacts 1244 and 1246 with movements 1248 and 1250, respectively, which zoom in (magnify) the image 1212 in accordance with the movements of contacts 1244 and 1246.
  • decreasing portions of the image 1212 are displayed at increasing magnifications in response to detecting the depinch gesture.
  • the image 1212-b passes through a zoom-in amount (magnification) that corresponds to a predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates (e.g., after lift-off of at least one of contacts 1244 and 1246).
  • device 100 generates tactile output 1252 (e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6) is triggered when image 1212-b passes through the zoom-in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates (e.g., image 1212-b with the magnification shown in Figure 12L).
  • tactile output 1252 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6
  • image 1212-b passes through the zoom-in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates (e.g., image 1212-b with the magnification shown in Figure 12L).
  • Tactile output 1252 provides feedback to the user that the zoom-in amount (magnification) of the image 1212 is being increased above the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates (which is optionally the default maximum magnification for the image), which will lead to a rubber band effect after lift-off of at least one of contacts 1244 and 1246.
  • a tactile output is triggered when an outer edge of the image (e.g., beyond the portion of image 1212-b displayed on touch screen 112 in Figure 12L) crosses a threshold position in the user interface (e.g., also beyond the portion of image 1212-b displayed on touch screen 112 in Figure 12L).
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1252 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of the input (e.g., a speed of contact 1244 and/or contact 1246) at a time when the image 1212-b passes through the zoom-in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates.
  • a characteristic speed of the input e.g., a speed of contact 1244 and/or contact 1246
  • the gain of the tactile output increases as the depinching speed of contacts 1244 and 1246 increases when the image 1212-b passes through the zoom -in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1252 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on a characteristic speed of zooming in at a time when the image 1212-b passes through the zoom- in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates.
  • the gain of the tactile output increases as the speed of zooming in increases when the image 1212-b passes through the zoom-in amount (magnification) that corresponds to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates, which helps make the haptic feedback apparent to the user when faster inputs are made.
  • the device detects termination of at least one of the contacts (e.g., lift-off of contact 1244-d and/or 1246-d).
  • a tactile output 1254 e.g., MicroTap (270 Hz), Gain: 0.6
  • the device detects termination of at least one of the contacts.
  • a characteristic of the tactile output 1254 (e.g., an amplitude, duration, frequency, and/or waveform of a tactile output pattern that makes up the tactile output and/or audio that accompanies the tactile output) is configured based on an extent by which the image 1212 has been zoomed in (magnified) beyond the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) for the image after the input terminates (e.g., at the time when termination of the input is detected). For example, the gain of the tactile output increases as the amount of zoom in (magnification) of image 1212 upon detecting termination increases, which makes the haptic feedback increase as the visual rubber band effect feedback increases.
  • the device In response to detecting termination of at least one of the contacts (e.g., lift-off of contact 1244-d and/or 1246-d, Figure 12N), the device decreases the size of image 1212 to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) 1212-b, as shown in Figure 120.
  • the contacts e.g., lift-off of contact 1244-d and/or 1246-d, Figure 12N
  • the device decreases the size of image 1212 to the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) 1212-b, as shown in Figure 120.
  • Tactile output 1254 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically displays the image at the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) after lift-off. Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the image is being viewed at the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification), which improves the efficiency of zooming images. In some embodiments, only one of tactile output 1252 and tactile output 1254 is produced, to avoid providing excessive haptic feedback.
  • Figures 13A-13L illustrate exemplary web browser interface for providing tactile outputs on zooming (magnifying or demagnifying) beyond a predefined web browser boundary, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 13A-13G illustrate zooming in (magnifying) on an exemplary webpage and the tactile output generated in connection with the webpage expansion.
  • Figures 13H-13L illustrate zooming out (de- magnifying) an exemplary webpage and the tactile output generated in connection with the shrinking of the webpage.
  • an exemplary web browser interface 1310 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • the browser interface 1310 includes content display region 1326 that displays a webpage (e.g., webpage 1324).
  • webpage 1324 corresponds to the web address "apple.com” displayed in the address bar above content display region 1322.
  • boundary 1322 of webpage 1324 coincides with the boundary of content display region 1326 of browser interface 1310.
  • the device detects an input, such as a depinch gesture by two contacts 1302 and 1304 moving away from each other across the touch-sensitive surface 112, as indicated by movement 1306 and 1308.
  • an input such as a depinch gesture by two contacts 1302 and 1304 moving away from each other across the touch-sensitive surface 112, as indicated by movement 1306 and 1308.
  • the device expands the webpage 1324, such that the position of boundary 1322 of webpage 1324 is pushed outside of content display region 1326 (e.g., outside of the displayed region of the web browser interface 1310).
  • content display region 1326 e.g., outside of the displayed region of the web browser interface 1310
  • the device detects lift-off of contacts 1302 and 1304, yet webpage 1324 continues to expand due to simulated inertia after lift-off of the contacts, in accordance with some embodiments. While expansion of webpage 1324 continues, the device detects that boundary 1322 of webpage 1324 moving past a threshold position outside the content display region 1326 of the web browser interface 1310, where the threshold position corresponds to a predetermined maximum size of the expanded webpage in a stable state, as shown in Figure 13E. In response to detecting that the expansion has passed this
  • the device generates tactile output 1320 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that the maximum stable size of the webpage has been reached, and that the webpage will shrink back to this stable maximum size once the influence of the simulated inertia ends.
  • Figure 13F illustrates the continued expansion of webpage 1324 under the influence of simulated inertia.
  • Figure 13G illustrates that after webpage 1324 shrink back to the predetermined maximum size and remains at that predetermined maximum size after the influence of simulated inertia is ended.
  • the display of the webpage 1324 at magnifications greater than the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) as the webpage zooms in in accordance with the movements due to simulated inertia, followed by, in response to detecting termination of simulated inertia, demagnifying the image until the image magnification matches the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) is another example of a rubber band effect.
  • Tactile output 1320 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically displays the webpage at the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification) after lift-off. Providing concurrent visual and haptic feedback enhances the overall feedback to the user that the webpage is being viewed at the predefined maximum zoom-in amount (magnification), which improves the efficiency of zooming webpages.
  • exemplary web browser interface 1310 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • the device detects an input, such as a pinch gesture by two contacts 1312 and 1314 moving toward each other across the touch-sensitive surface 112, as indicated by movements 1316 and 1318.
  • the device shrinks webpage 1324, such that the position of an outer edge 1322 of webpage 1324 is pulled inside the boundary of content display region 1326. As a result, a smaller version of webpage 1324 is displayed within content display region 1326 with space around webpage 1324.
  • the previous stable size of webpage 1324 is the original size of webpage 1324 prior to detection of the pinch gesture.
  • the tactile output is not generated until the device detects a termination of the pinch gesture (e.g., lift-off of at least one of contacts 1312 and 1314 is detected). For example, in Figures 131- 13 J, as contacts 1312 and 1314 move closer to each other, webpage 1324 continues to shrink in accordance with the movements 1316 and 1318 of contacts 1312 and 1304.
  • the device in response to detecting the lift-off of contacts 1312 and 1314, the device generates tactile output 1326 (e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that the current size of the webpage is an unstable size, and that a rubber band effect will be applied to expand the webpage to a stable size (e.g., the original size which is also the predetermined minimum size of the webpage).
  • tactile output 1326 e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • the device restores the size of webpage 1324 by expanding webpage 1324 until boundary 1322 of the webpage coincides with the boundary of the content display region 1326 again (Figure 13L).
  • Tactile output 1236 reinforces the visual feedback to the user that a rubber band effect is being applied, which automatically fills the display with the original size of the webpage after lift-off, after showing the user that the entire webpage is being viewed.
  • Figures 14A-14T, 15A-15L, and 16A-16K illustrate providing tactile output to indicate creation, picking up, dragging, and dropping of an object, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the user interfaces in these figures also illustrate providing tactile output to indicate other changes in the user interface, such as snapping to predetermined snap positions, moving cross boundaries in the user interface, shifting to new areas of the user interface, etc.
  • the examples in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below with respect to Figures 30A-30G.
  • Figures 14A-14T illustrate exemplary calendar user interfaces for providing various tactile outputs while performing various calendar event creation and editing functions, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 14A-14D illustrate exemplary calendar user interfaces for providing tactile outputs during creation of a new calendar entry.
  • a week view calendar interface 1410 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • Calendar interface 1410 includes a plurality of predetermined object snap positions.
  • the plurality of predetermined object snap positions are exact locations on the user interface (e.g., locations that correspond to certain predefined points, lines, cells, and/or areas) that an object would to settle into when the object is released (e.g., dropped, or otherwise freed from factors that influence the object's movement) within a threshold range of the exact locations.
  • date lines in the calendar grid define object snap positions for a calendar entry
  • a predefined snap position corresponds a respective date
  • a calendar entry would settle between two adjacent date lines when the calendar entry is dropped in proximity to a region between the two adjacent date lines.
  • calendar interface 1410 In addition to vertical date lines, calendar interface 1410 also includes horizontal lines dividing a day by hour or a fraction of an hour, such that a cell in calendar interface 1410 represents a time slot in a particular day.
  • the horizontal lines are not the only object snap position, i.e., the object may snap to invisible snap positions between adjacent hour lines (e.g., invisible snap positions correspond to 15 minute intervals away from the hour lines).
  • calendar interface 1410 also includes a horizontal line with a dot 1405 indicating current time and date to facilitate event marking.
  • calendar interface 1410 initially contains one existing calendar entry (e.g., "Have Lunch") scheduled for Sunday, August 31.
  • a user may initiate a new event creation by an input on the touch screen display 112, as shown in Figure 14B.
  • the device detects a long press input by contact 1412 on the touch screen 112 (e.g., a contact over the displayed calendar interface 1410 with intensity exceeding IT L for a predetermined threshold amount of time, e.g., 300ms) to initiate the creation of a new calendar entry.
  • the device detects a deep press input having an intensity exceeding IT D on the displayed calendar interface 1410 to initiate creation of a new calendar entry.
  • FIG. 14B in response to detecting the input by contact 1412, an object 1404 with label "New Event” is displayed.
  • Object 1404 is displayed in a selected state (e.g., as indicated by resize handle 1405 on object 1404) in calendar interface 1410.
  • the device displays an animation showing the object being lifted up from the calendar interface toward the surface of the display (e.g., jumping up to contact 1412).
  • the device In conjunction with visually indicating the selection of object 1404 (and lifting up of object 1404 toward contact 1412, the device generates tactile output 1440 (e.g., MicroTap High (150Hz) with a gain of 0.8) to indicate that a new calendar entry is created. Subsequently, in Figure 14C, a new event information entry interface 1411 is displayed for entering event information, e.g., title "Go to Gym" and/or location for the new calendar entry. In some embodiments, if movement is detected before lift-off of contact 1412, the device optionally generate another tactile output to indicate that the new calendar entry is moved.
  • tactile output 1440 e.g., MicroTap High (150Hz) with a gain of 0.8
  • a new event information entry interface 1411 is displayed for entering event information, e.g., title "Go to Gym" and/or location for the new calendar entry.
  • the device optionally generate another tactile output to indicate that the new calendar entry is moved.
  • the tactile output signals to the user that the calendar entry is moved to a location different from its initial location, in case this movement is caused inadvertently by an unintentional movement of contact 1412 before lift-off. No tactile output is generated when no movement of the contact 1412 was detected prior to lift-off of contact 1412, and object 1412 will remain at its original location.
  • the user may select the "Add" affordance to save and return to calendar interface 1410, as shown in Figure 14D.
  • Figure 14D the title of the new event has been updated to "Go to Gym.”
  • Object 1406 is now an existing calendar entry, and appears in an unselected state.
  • Figures 14E-14J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing tactile outputs during picking up, dragging and dropping of an existing calendar entry, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the picking up, dragging, and dropping of the existing calendar entry are performed in response to various portions of an input by contact 1413.
  • Figure 14E illustrates picking up an existing calendar entry 1408 in response to a first portion of the input by contact 1413.
  • the device detects a long press input by contact 1413, and changes the appearance of calendar entry 1408 to indicate its selected state.
  • the device 100 In conjunction with visually indicating the selection and lifting up of calendar entry 1408, the device 100 generates tactile output 1442 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0).
  • tactile output 1442 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0.
  • Tactile output 1442 for picking up an existing object in Figure 14E (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) has a higher frequency and amplitude (and/or gain factor) than tactile output 1440 for creating a new object in Figure 14B (e.g., MicroTap (150Hz) with a gain of 0.8).
  • Figures 14F-14I illustrate dragging the item in response to a second portion of the input by contact 1413.
  • the second portion of the input by contact 1413 includes movement of contact 1413 across the touch screen display 112.
  • the selected object 1408 is dragged by contact 1413 during movement 1414 of contact 1413.
  • the object 1408 snaps to one or more snap positions (e.g., the date line between Tuesday and Wednesday) when the object and contact 1413 are near these snap positions.
  • the device detects movement of contact 1413 to a location within a threshold range of date boundary between Tuesday, September 2 and Wednesday, September 3.
  • the device moves the selected object 1408 from Tuesday, September 2 to a time slot on Wednesday, September 3, and displays a ghost image 1416 of the moving object 1408 at its pre-movement object snap position, e.g., 11AM - 12 PM, Tuesday, September 2.
  • the selected object 1408 stays at one object snap position (e.g., Tuesday, September 2) until contact 1413 has moved out of the threshold range associated with the current object snap position (e.g., Tuesday, September 2), and reached the threshold range associated with the next snap position (e.g., Wednesday, September 3) such that it appears as though object 1408 slides under the contact and springs to the next snap position (e.g., Wednesday, September 3).
  • one object snap position e.g., Tuesday, September 2
  • contact 1413 has moved out of the threshold range associated with the current object snap position
  • the next snap position e.g., Wednesday, September 3
  • the device In conjunction with moving object 1408 to the next predetermined object snap position, the device generates tactile output 1444 (e.g., a MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4).
  • tactile output 1444 for indicating object snapping into a new position has lower amplitude than tactile output 1442 ( Figure 14E) for indicating object being picked up (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0).
  • Figure 14H After object 1408 snaps to a time slot on Wednesday, September 3, in Figure 14H, contact 1413 moves in a vertical direction as indicated by movement 1414.
  • the device moves object 1408 to a different time of the day, e.g., from starting at 11 AM to starting at 11 : 15 AM, as shown in Figure 141.
  • no tactile output is generated by the device in conjunction with moving the event object to a different time.
  • the device detects a third portion of the input by contact 1413 and determines that drop-off criteria are met (e.g., lift-off of contact 1413 is detected, and object 1408 is stationary).
  • the device 100 visually indicates deselection of the object by ceasing to display the ghost object 1416 and/or changing the appearance of the object 1408 to an unselected state.
  • the device generates tactile output 1446 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that the object 1416 been dropped and has settled into a time slot.
  • tactile output 1446 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • Figure 14J shows object 1416 in the snap position associated with the drop-off, e.g., the time slot corresponding to 11 : 15 AM - 12: 15 PM, Wednesday, September 3, in the unselected state, when tactile output 1446 is generated.
  • Figures 14K-14M illustrate providing tactile output when a previously undisplayed portion of the calendar interface is displayed in response to a calendar entry being moved to a boundary of the calendar interface, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the process includes first picking up the object and then dragging the object to the edge of the calendar interface.
  • Figure 14K illustrates that an existing calendar entry 1420 is picked up by a long press input by contact 1415, and in conjunction with showing the selection and lift-up of calendar entry 1420, the device generates tactile output 1448 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate selection of calendar entry 1420.
  • tactile output 1448 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • the device detects movement of contact 1415, and in response to detecting movement of contact 1415, the device moves calendar entry 1420 with the movement of contact 1415.
  • the device generates a respective tactile output (e.g., tactile output 1450 (MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4) each time when calendar entry 1420 snaps into a new time slot (e.g., time slot on September 4) in the calendar interface 1410 when contact 1415 (and calendar entry 1420) moves within the threshold range of the new time slot.
  • a ghost image 1406 of the calendar entry is displayed at the original location of calendar entry 1420.
  • FIG. 14M As calendar entry 1420 is dragged close to the edge of the calendar interface 1410, the device shifts the calendar interface 1410 such that a previously undisplayed portion of the calendar interface (e.g., the column corresponds to September 7) is displayed underneath calendar entry 1420 near the edge of the calendar interface. For example, while calendar entry 1420 remains stationary at the edge of the calendar interface 1410, the calendar interface slides leftward underneath calendar entry 1420 such that the next day (September 7) is displayed under calendar entry 1420.
  • the device also generates tactile output 1452 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4) in conjunction with shifting calendar interface 1410 relative to calendar entry 1420.
  • tactile output 1452 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4
  • the device periodically shifts the calendar interface leftward to reveal additional days until lift-off of contact 1415 is detected. In some embodiments, the device generates a corresponding tactile output each time the calendar interface shifts by a day.
  • Figures 14N-14T illustrate exemplary calendar user interfaces for providing tactile outputs when a calendar entry is flicked across multiple snap positions and settling into a final position in the calendar interface, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • calendar entry 1430 is first selected during a first portion of an input by contact 1431 (e.g., a press input by contact 1431), as shown in Figure 14N.
  • contact 1431 e.g., a press input by contact 1431
  • the device In response to visually indicating selection of calendar entry 1430 by contact 1431, the device generates tactile output 1454 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate selection of calendar entry 1430.
  • tactile output 1454 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • the device detects the second portion of the input by contact 1431 that includes a fast movement 1432 of contact 1431 (e.g., a fling or flick gesture) across the touch screen display 112 followed by lift-off of contact 1431 (e.g., at a location between September 2 column and September 3 column).
  • a fast movement 1432 of contact 1431 e.g., a fling or flick gesture
  • lift-off of contact 1431 e.g., at a location between September 2 column and September 3 column.
  • Figures 14P-14S shows that, calendar entry 1430 continues to move to the right across multiple days under the influence of simulated inertia, the device snaps calendar entry 1430 to a time slot in each day that calendar entry 1430 passes, and generates a corresponding tactile output (e.g., tactile output 1456 and tactile output 1458, respectively (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4) to indicate that calendar entry 1430 has moved to a new snap position.
  • tactile output 1456 and tactile output 1458 respectively (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4)
  • the device When calendar entry 1430 settles into the snap position, the device generates tactile output 1460 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) as shown in Figure 14T.
  • tactile output 1460 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • Figure 14Q and 14S before calendar entry 1430 snaps into any snap position (e.g., when calendar entry 1430 is between date lines), no tactile output is generated.
  • FIGs 15A-15L illustrate providing various tactile outputs when re-arranging weather items in a listing of weather items, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the rearrangement of the weather items is performed in accordance with picking up one of the weather items and moving the weather item either by a drag gesture or by a flick gesture. Movement of the weather item in accordance with a drag gesture is shown in Figures 15B- 15E, and movement of the weather item in accordance with a flick gesture is shown in Figures 15F-15L.
  • tactile outputs are generated when a weather item is picked up from a snap position and dropping off at another snap position. Additional tactile outputs are generated in conjunction with automatic movements of other weather items that are not picked up, e.g., other items snapping into nearby snap positions to make room for the item that is being dragged or flicked, and other items bumping into one another as they move to make room for the item that is being dragged or flicked, as explained in greater detail below.
  • a weather forecast interface 1510 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • Weather forecast interface 1510 includes a plurality of weather items arranged in a list. Each weather item provides an indication of weather at a respective geographical location.
  • a listing of weather items 1502 correspond to weather forecasts for a plurality of cities.
  • item 1502-1 provides current weather conditions for the city of Cupertino
  • item 1502-2 for the city of Sunnyvale
  • item 1502-3 for Xi'an
  • 1502-4 for Shenzhen
  • 1502-5 for Beijing
  • 1502-6 for Shanghai
  • 1502-7 for a different city etc.
  • these items 1502 are located next to one another, i.e., occupying adjacent slots (e.g., snap positions 1504). Boundary lines between adjacent weather items define snap positions 1504 for these weather items 1502.
  • Shenzhen weather item 1502-4, Beijing weather item 1502-5, and Shanghai weather item 1502-6 occupy three adjacent slots.
  • the boundary line between adjacent weather items for Shenzhen 1502-4 and Beijing 1502-5, and the boundary line between adjacent weather items for Beijing 1502-5 and Shanghai 1502-6 define a slot that correspond to snap position 1504-4.
  • a weather item may settle into a slot defined by a pair of adjacent boundary lines when the weather item moves into the slot.
  • Beijing weather item 1502-5 is selected in response to a first portion of an input by contact 1512 (e.g., a long press or a deep press).
  • the device visually indicates that Beijing weather item 1502-5 is selected, e.g., highlighted, enlarged and/or focused, as opposed to dimmed, shrank, and/or blurred of the unselected items 1502-1, 1502- 2, 1502-3, 1502-4, 1502-5, and 1502-6.
  • the device In conjunction with visually indicating the selection of item 1502-5, the device generates tactile output 1520 (e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate selection of item 1502-5.
  • tactile output 1520 e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • the device detects a flick gesture by contact 1512 (e.g., contact 1512 quickly moves before lift-off).
  • contact 1512 e.g., contact 1512 quickly moves before lift-off.
  • Chen weather item 1502-5 continues to move upward after the lift-off of contact 1512 with gradually decreasing speed.
  • the weather item 1502-5 continues to move, first the slot corresponding to snap position 1504-3 is vacated.
  • the device moves Xi'an weather item 1502-3 at snap position 1504-2 toward snap position 1504-3, as shown in Figure 15G.
  • the device When Xi'an weather item 1502-3 settles into snap position 1504-3, the device generates tactile output 1524 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate that item 1502-3 has settled into snap position 1504-3, and the slot corresponding to snap position 1504-2 has become vacant, as shown in Figure 15H.
  • tactile output 1524 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • the speed of weather item 1502-5 has slowed to a point that drop-off criteria are met and weather item 1502-5 is within a threshold range of snap position 1504-1.
  • the device snaps weather item 1502-5 to the slot at snap position 1504-1.
  • the drop-off criteria are met, i.e., the movement speed of weather item 1502-5 is below the threshold speed after weather item 1502-5 reaches within the threshold range of the snap position 1504-1, the device visually indicates deselection of weather item 1502-5 (e.g., by shrinking the weather item Beijing 1502-5 to a pre-selection size and drops it into the slot at snap position 1504-1).
  • the device generates tactile output 1528 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that weather item 1502-5 has settled into the slot at snap position 1504-1.
  • tactile output 1528 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • the device when weather items snaps into adjacent slots to make room for the moving item, e.g., as shown in Figures 15E, 15H, and 15 J, the device generates tactile outputs that are MicroTaps (150Hz) with a gain of 0.4.
  • the device may optionally skip one or more tactile outputs if the tactile outputs generation rate is going to exceed a threshold rate (e.g., one tactile output per 0.05 seconds) for tactile output generation.
  • a threshold rate e.g., one tactile output per 0.05 seconds
  • Figures 16A-16K illustrate providing various tactile outputs when re-arranging icons on a home screen user interface, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the rearrangement of icons is performed due to movement of one icon in accordance with movement of contact, e.g., flicking an icon out of the dock ( Figures 16B-16E) or dragging an icon into the dock ( Figures 16F-16K).
  • a home screen user interface 1610 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • Home screen 1610 includes a plurality of application launch icons that correspond to different applications, e.g., a "calendar” icon corresponds to a calendar application, a "photos” icon corresponds to a photo browsing/editing application etc.
  • the application launch icons are displayed at a plurality of predetermined snap positions, such as snap positions 1602 in a general area of the home screen or in dock at the bottom of the home screen user interface.
  • a moving application icon settles into a predetermined snap position when the moving icon is within a threshold range of the predetermined snap position.
  • the snap positions are dynamically determined based on the number of icons on the user interface (either in the general area of the home screen or within the dock) and display settings (e.g., the icon size and the area for displaying the icons), such that icons displayed at these snap positions appear to be adjacent to one another in a evenly spaced grid.
  • Figure 16A the area outside the dock is divided into a four by four grid, while the area in the dock is divided into a single row with four cells for displaying four adjacent icons ( Figure 16A) or three cells for displaying three adjacent icons ( Figure 16F).
  • the device recalculates the snap positions, re-arranges other icons in the dock into the new snap positions, and generates a tactile output in conjunction with the icon rearrangement, as explained in greater detail below with reference to Figures 16 J.
  • sequence numbers or the like are assigned to these predetermined snap positions, e.g., 1602-1... 1602-16 in Figure 16A, such that the
  • predetermined snap positions are filled up in sequence and the icons are displayed adjacent to one another.
  • an icon at an adjacent higher (or lower) numbered snap position automatically moves in to fill the empty slot.
  • the "Safari" icon 1608 moves out of the snap position 1602-13
  • "calculator" icon 1604 automatically moves from the snap position 1602-14 to 1602-13 to fill the empty slot.
  • a moving application icon settles into the highest (or lowest) numbered vacant snap position, e.g., the predetermined snap position 1602-14 as shown in Figures 16B-16E.
  • calculator icon 1604 in the dock is selected in response to a first portion of an input by contact 1612 (e.g., a long press or a deep press by contact 1612).
  • the device visually indicates that calendar icon 1604 is selected (e.g., icon 1604 is highlighted and enlarged).
  • the device generates tactile output 1626 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate selection of icon 1604.
  • the device detects fast finger movement and subsequently liftoff of contact 1612. In response, the device continues to move calculator icon 1604 after detecting the lift-off of contact 1612.
  • the calculator icon 1604 moves with gradually decreasing speed after the contact lift-off due to simulated inertia.
  • the device moves calendar icon 1604 towards a vacant region in the user interface that corresponds to the next available predetermined snap position 1602-14.
  • the drop-off criteria are met, e.g., the movement speed of the object drops below a threshold speed after calculator icon 1604 is within proximity of the snap position 1602-14.
  • the device moves calculator icon 1604 into the snap position 1602-14, visually indicates deselection of calculator 1604 (e.g., by shrinking calculator icon to a pre-selection size) and generates tactile output 1628 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that calculator icon 1604 has settled into a snap position 1602-14.
  • tactile output 1628 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • the device calculates snap positions and moves the remaining icons (e.g., icons 1622, 1624, and 1620) in the dock to the new snap positions so that these icons are displayed uniformly in the dock.
  • the device generates a tactile output (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4) to simulate icons snapping into their new positions.
  • FIG. 16F Safari icon 1608 located outside of the dock is selected in response to a first portion of an input by contact 1616 (e.g., a long press or a deep press by contact 1616).
  • the device visually indicates that Safari icon 1608 is selected (e.g., icon 1608 is highlighted and enlarged).
  • the device In conjunction with visually indicating the selection of icon 1608, the device generates tactile output 1630 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0) to indicate selection of icon 1608.
  • tactile output 1630 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 1.0
  • the device calculates snap positions to accommodate icon 1608 inside the dock.
  • the device then moves other icons (e.g., icons 1620, 1622, and 1624) in the dock to the new snap positions to make room for Safari icon 1608.
  • the device generates tactile output 1632 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4).
  • drop-off criteria are met (e.g., the movement speed of Safari icon 1608 drops below a threshold speed after the object is within proximity of a snap position in the dock).
  • the device determines that the drop-off criteria are met.
  • 100 moves Safari icon 1608 into the snap position in the dock, visually indicates deselection of Safari icon 1608 (e.g., by shrinking Safari icon to a pre-selection size) and generates tactile output 1634 (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6) to indicate that Safari icon 1608 has settled into the snap position in the dock.
  • deselection of Safari icon 1608 e.g., by shrinking Safari icon to a pre-selection size
  • tactile output 1634 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.6
  • Figures 17A-17H and 18A-18E illustrate providing tactile outputs on satisfaction of device orientation criteria, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figures 17A-17H and 18A-18E are used to illustrate the processes described below with respect to Figures 32A-32C.
  • Figures 17A-17H illustrate exemplary compass user interface and various tactile outputs generated when changing the orientation of the device 100 based on alignment of the device with a nearby magnetic field (e.g., the Earth's magnetic field), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a nearby magnetic field e.g., the Earth's magnetic field
  • a compass interface 1700 is displayed on touch screen display
  • the compass user interface 1700 includes a compass face 1710 with a plurality of major markings 1704 (e.g., the bold line at 0 degree, 30 degree, 60 degree, North, East etc.) that correspond to a plurality of major directions relative to a magnetic field near the device (e.g., every 30 degrees away from true North).
  • the compass face 1710 further includes, between each pair of adjacent major markings of the plurality of major markings 1704, a plurality of minor markings 1706 that correspond to a plurality of minor directions (e.g., 1 degree, 32 degree etc.).
  • the device On the compass interface 1700, the device also displays an indicator of device orientation 1702 that indicates the current orientation of the electronic device 100, e.g., the indicator 1702 coincides with a minor marking at 36 degree in between two major markings North and East indicating the current orientation of the electronic device is 36 degree north east.
  • compass interface 1700 includes orientation value indicator 1708 that textually specifies the current orientation of the device 100.
  • Figures 18A-18E illustrate an exemplary level user interface and tactile output generated when the device is level and stable based on an alignment of the device with a plane normal to the Earth's gravitational field, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a level interface 1810 is displayed on touch screen display 112.
  • the level user interface 1810 includes an alignment indicator that indicates a current degree of deviation from a level state, e.g., two intersecting circles 1804 and 1806.
  • the overlap portion 1802 between the intersecting circles 1804 and 1806 and the number (e.g., -10 degrees) within the overlap portion 1802 indicate how much the device deviates from the level state (e.g., by 10 degrees in Figure 18A).
  • Figures 18B-18D illustrate that in accordance with adjusting the levelness of device 100, the alignment indicator is updated in real time to indicate that the device is approaching a level state, e.g., first deviating from a level state by 1 degree ( Figure 18B), then deviating from a level state by a fraction of a degree as indicated by the number 0 and the two circles 1806 and 1804 being almost concentric.
  • the device in accordance with a determination that the device is level and stable, e.g., the deviation from the level state remains below a threshold amount (e.g., less than 1 degree) for at least a threshold amount of time (e.g., one second), the device changes the level interface 1810, e.g., to a different color or shade, to indicate that the current orientation of the device is level and stable, and generates a tactile output 1804 (e.g.,
  • Figures 19A-19T illustrate generating tactile outputs when a moveable component moves through a sequence of selectable values or options in a value picker, in accordance with some embodiments. These figures are used to illustrate the processes described below with respect to Figures 34A-34D.
  • Time picker user interface 1910 includes first moveable component 1950 (e.g., a rotatable minute wheel) for selecting a minute value from a sequence of sixty minute values (e.g., 0-59).
  • Time picker user interface 1910 further includes second moveable component 1948 (e.g., a rotatable hour wheel) for selecting an hour value from a sequence of twenty four hour values (e.g., 0-23).
  • Moveable component 1950 moves through a minute value when the minute value is presented within a stationary selection window 1912 in front of moveable component 1950.
  • moveable component 1948 moves through an hour value when the hour value is presented within stationary selection window 1912 in front of moveable component 1948.
  • time picker user interface 1910 can be a date picker or alike, e.g., a date picker that includes movable components for choosing a year, a month, and a date value from a plurality of year, month, and date values, respectively.
  • Figures 19A-19J illustrate moving minute wheel 1950 through a sequence of minute values and generating tactile outputs in connection with the minute wheel moving through one or more of the sequence of minute values.
  • Figures 19K-19T illustrate moving both the hour wheel and the minute wheel at the same time and generating respective tactile outputs in connection with the dual movements.
  • the device detects a scroll input directed to minute wheel 1950 that includes downward movement 1902 of contact 1904 at a location that corresponds to minute wheel 1950.
  • the device In conjunction with showing minute wheel 1950 moving through value "59" (e.g., the currently selected minute value for the time picker is "59"), the device generates tactile output 1920 (e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 0.9 and a threshold minimum interval of 0.05 seconds since the last tactile output that was generated by the same tactile output generator or by the device) to indicate that a new minute value has been selected by movement of minute wheel 1950. In addition, the device also generates haptic audio output 1921 to accompany tactile output 1920.
  • tactile output 1920 e.g., MicroTap High (270Hz) with a gain of 0.9 and a threshold minimum interval of 0.05 seconds since the last tactile output that was generated by the same tactile output generator or by the device
  • the haptic audio output 1921 has a haptic audio output pattern (e.g., frequency, amplitude, duration, and/or timing) that is selected in accordance with the tactile output pattern (e.g., frequency, amplitude, duration, and/or timing) of tactile output 1920.
  • a haptic audio output pattern e.g., frequency, amplitude, duration, and/or timing
  • the tactile output pattern e.g., frequency, amplitude, duration, and/or timing
  • the device After detecting movement 1902 of contact 1904, the device detects lift-off of contact 1904 (not shown). As shown in Figures 19B-19J, after the lift-off the contact 1904, the minute wheel continues to rotate due to simulated inertia, and the continued movement slows down gradually until the movement of minute wheel 1950 stops. As minute wheel 1950 moves through a sequence of minute values, a tactile output and an accompanying haptic audio output are generated for the selection of each value, except when a threshold amount time (e.g., 0.05 seconds) has not expired since the time when a tactile output was last generated (e.g., for the selection of a previous minute value in the time picker).
  • a threshold amount time e.g., 0.05 seconds
  • the threshold rate for generating tactile outputs is reached, and some tactile outputs that are due to be generated are skipped.
  • the device optionally continues to play the haptic audio output that was supposed to accompany the skipped tactile output, in order to provide non-visual feedback to the user in the absence of the particular tactile output.
  • respective tactile outputs are generated when minute value "59” ( Figure 19B), minute value “45” (Figure 19D), minute value “37” (Figure 19F), minute value “34” (Figure 19G), minute value "30” ( Figure 191), and minute value “29” ( Figure 19 J) each become the currently selected minute value in the time picker.
  • the amplitudes of these tactile outputs are gradually decreased (e.g., with gain factors reducing from 0.9 to 0.3) as the speed of minute wheel 1950 gradually slows down. In some embodiments, the amplitude is adjusted smoothly with decreasing speed of the wheel.
  • the amplitude is adjusted at discrete steps with threshold ranges of speed corresponding to each discrete amplitude or gain value.
  • the waveforms and frequencies of these tactile outputs are kept constant (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz )).
  • the device also generate a respective haptic audio output (e.g., haptic audio outputs 1921, 1923, 1925, 1927, 1929, and 1931, respectively) to accompany each of the tactile outputs (e.g., each of tactile outputs 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, and 1930) that are generated.
  • the frequencies of the haptic audio outputs are gradually decreased as the speed of minute wheel 1950 gradually slows down.
  • the frequencies of the haptic audio outputs are gradually decreased as the speed of minute wheel 1950 gradually slows down.
  • a threshold maximum rate for tactile output generation is imposed on the tactile output generator used to generate tactile outputs in response to detecting the minute wheel passing through minute values in the time picker. For example, in some embodiments, a maximum rate of one tactile output per 0.05 seconds is imposed, and if the device or the tactile output generator of the device has provided a tactile output, the device or tactile output generator of the device will skip a next tactile output if the next tactile output is due to be generated before the expiration of the threshold time interval of 0.05 seconds.
  • the device skipped tactile outputs when minute value "52" (Figure 19C) and minute value "40" ( Figure 19E) are being passed through in the time picker because the threshold time interval has not expired when these tactile outputs were due to be generated.
  • haptic audio outputs that accompany these skipped tactile outputs are also skipped.
  • the haptic audio output that is to accompany a particular skipped tactile output is still generated even when that particular tactile output is skipped.
  • the device detects another scroll input directed to minute wheel 1950 that includes a slow movement 1922 of contact 1924 on the touch- sensitive surface 112 at a location that corresponds to minute wheel 1950 and subsequent lift-off of contact 1924.
  • the device rotates minute wheel 1950 through a sequence minute values (e.g., minute values "29" through "23", as shown in Figures 19K-19T). The speed of minute wheel slows down gradually over time. Because the scroll input is slow, tactile outputs are not skipped due to the threshold rate of tactile output generation.
  • two consecutive tactile outputs 1932 and 1934 are generated when minute wheel 1950 passes through consecutive minute values "28" and "27" over a period of time greater than the threshold time interval for generating tactile outputs (e.g., 0.05 seconds).
  • tactile outputs 1932 and 1934 since the speed of minute wheel 1950 is low, tactile outputs 1932 and 1934 have relatively low amplitudes (e.g., with a gain of 0.4).
  • the device also generates corresponding haptic audio outputs 1933 and 1935 to accompany tactile outputs 1932 and 1935 respectively.
  • haptic audio output 1935 has a lower frequency than haptic audio output 1933, while the amplitudes and frequencies of tactile outputs 1932 and 1934 are the same (e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.4).
  • a particular tactile output may be skipped or combined with another tactile output, if the other tactile output (e.g., a stronger tactile output, or a tactile output with a higher frequency) is also due to be generated at the same time (e.g., the minute and hour wheels may be moving through a respective value at the same time), as illustrated in Figures 19M-19T.
  • the other tactile output e.g., a stronger tactile output, or a tactile output with a higher frequency
  • the device similar to generating a tactile output in connection with the minute wheel moving through a minute value, as the hour wheel moves through an hour value, the device also generates a tactile output to indicate that a new hour value is selected in the time picker. In some embodiments, the device also generates a haptic audio output to accompany the tactile output. [00561] In some embodiments, the tactile output generator of the device uses two different movable masses to independently generate respective tactile outputs that correspond to the minute wheel and the hour wheel.
  • the device when a single movable mass is used, the device optionally combines the tactile output patterns for the respective tactile outputs that are due to be generated for the minute wheel and the hour wheel at the same time, and generate a tactile output based on the combined tactile output pattern. In some embodiments, the device skips one of the two tactile outputs (e.g., the weaker tactile output (e.g., lower amplitude, lower frequency, or both) that are due to be generated at the same time).
  • the weaker tactile output e.g., lower amplitude, lower frequency, or both
  • the device skips one of the tactile outputs that are due to be generated within the threshold time interval (e.g., 0.05 seconds), e.g., when the minute wheel passes through a respective minute value within the threshold time interval after the time when the hour wheel passes through respective hour value, the device skips the tactile output for the minute wheel.
  • the threshold time interval e.g., 0.05 seconds
  • the device generates tactile output 1936 (e.g., MicroTap
  • tactile output 1938 when hour wheel 1948 moves through hour value "4" at the same time as minute wheel 1950 moves through minute value "25", the device generates tactile output 1938 in conjunction with both wheels moving through a respective value.
  • tactile output 1938 (MicroTap (270Hz)) has a stronger amplitude that is selected based on a combination of the amplitudes for respective tactile outputs that are due to be generated for each of the two wheels.
  • tactile output 1938 is the same tactile output that would be generated for one of the wheels (e.g., the faster moving wheel of the two wheels, or the heavier wheel of the two) while the other wheel were not moving.
  • tactile outputs 1938 and 1940 are both generated in accordance with movement of the hour wheel through a respective hour value (e.g., with a gain selected in accordance with the speed of hour wheel 1948 in Figures 190 and 19P).
  • tactile output 1938 has a gain of 0.7
  • tactile output 1940 has a gain of 0.6.
  • tactile outputs 1942 and 1946 e.g., MicroTap
  • tactile output 1944 e.g., MicroTap (270Hz) with a gain of 0.5
  • corresponding haptic audio output 1945 are generated in conjunction with hour wheel 1948 moving through hour value "10".
  • tactile output 1942 and 1946 has a higher amplitude due to the faster speed of hour wheel 1948 than minute wheel 1950.
  • FIGS 20A-20F are flow diagrams illustrating a method 2000 of providing tactile outputs to reveal a hidden threshold for content management, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 2000 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, Figure 3, or portable multifunction device 100, Figure 1 A) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • an electronic device e.g., device 300, Figure 3, or portable multifunction device 100, Figure 1 A
  • a display e.g., a touch-sensitive surface
  • one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs.
  • the electronic device includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface.
  • the method 2000 provides an intuitive way to provide haptic feedback indicating crossing of a threshold for triggering or canceling an operation associated with a user interface item.
  • the threshold for triggering or canceling an operation such as a threshold position or a threshold amount of movement by a focus selector on a user interface, is not visually marked on the user interface.
  • haptic feedback indicating the crossing of such a threshold is particularly helpful to the user when deciding how to proceed with the current input upon receiving such a feedback, e.g., to decide whether to terminate the current input in order to complete the operation or to reverse the current input to cancel the operation.
  • Haptic feedback is advantageous over conventional visual feedback in that it is easier to notice and less distracting than conventional visual feedback (e.g., animation, visual effects on user interface elements, etc.) in many cases.
  • conventional visual feedback e.g., animation, visual effects on user interface elements, etc.
  • the user is not required to be fixated on the user interface while providing an input (e.g., a swipe gesture) in order to achieve a result outcome.
  • tactile feedback provides valuable information to the user for touch screen user interfaces where the user's finger is obscuring corresponding visual feedback.
  • Providing this improved nonvisual feedback enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
  • the device displays (2002) on display 112, a user interface 5002 that includes a first item (e.g., an email item in a listing of emails, a news article item in a listing of news articles, a preview of an email that is displayed in response to a deep press input on an email item in a listing of emails, etc.).
  • a user interface 5002 includes a list of e-mail summary items (e.g., including e-mail summary items 5004, 5006, and 5008), as indicated in Figure 5A, and the first item is e-mail summary item 5006.
  • the device While displaying the user interface 5002 that includes the first item, the device detects (2004) a first portion of an input by a first contact (e.g., contact 5052 as indicated in Figure 5Q-5U) on the touch-sensitive surface 112, wherein the detecting the first portion of the input by the first contact includes detecting the first contact at a location on the touch- sensitive surface 112 that corresponds to the first item, and detecting a first movement of the first contact (e.g., a movement of contact 5052 on e-mail summary item 5006, as indicated by arrows 5054, 5062, 5064, and 5066 in Figures 5Q-5T) on the touch-sensitive surface 112.
  • a first contact e.g., contact 5052 as indicated in Figure 5Q-5U
  • a first movement of the first contact e.g., a movement of contact 5052 on e-mail summary item 5006, as indicated by arrows 5054, 5062, 5064, and 5066 in Figures 5Q-5T

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
EP17751545.9A 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback Pending EP3365756A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20155940.8A EP3674871A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18183341.9A EP3410263A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18191063.9A EP3425489A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662384170P 2016-09-06 2016-09-06
DKPA201670729A DK179489B1 (en) 2016-06-12 2016-09-20 Devices, methods and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
US15/272,380 US9996157B2 (en) 2016-06-12 2016-09-21 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
PCT/US2017/044851 WO2018048518A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20155940.8A Division EP3674871A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18183341.9A Division EP3410263A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18183341.9A Division-Into EP3410263A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18191063.9A Division EP3425489A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3365756A1 true EP3365756A1 (en) 2018-08-29

Family

ID=61562248

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18191063.9A Pending EP3425489A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP20155940.8A Pending EP3674871A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP17751545.9A Pending EP3365756A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP18183341.9A Pending EP3410263A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18191063.9A Pending EP3425489A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
EP20155940.8A Pending EP3674871A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18183341.9A Pending EP3410263A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-01 Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (4) EP3425489A1 (zh)
JP (5) JP6528009B2 (zh)
CN (6) CN108369455B (zh)
HK (1) HK1257299A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018048518A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3340025B1 (en) 2013-09-03 2019-06-12 Apple Inc. User interface for manipulating user interface objects with magnetic properties
US11068128B2 (en) 2013-09-03 2021-07-20 Apple Inc. User interface object manipulations in a user interface
US10545657B2 (en) 2013-09-03 2020-01-28 Apple Inc. User interface for manipulating user interface objects
CN116301544A (zh) 2014-06-27 2023-06-23 苹果公司 尺寸减小的用户界面
CN106797493A (zh) 2014-09-02 2017-05-31 苹果公司 音乐用户界面
US10073590B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2018-09-11 Apple Inc. Reduced size user interface
TWI582641B (zh) 2014-09-02 2017-05-11 蘋果公司 按鈕功能性
TWI676127B (zh) 2014-09-02 2019-11-01 美商蘋果公司 關於電子郵件使用者介面之方法、系統、電子器件及電腦可讀儲存媒體
US10365807B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2019-07-30 Apple Inc. Control of system zoom magnification using a rotatable input mechanism
US10936163B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-03-02 Methodical Mind, Llc. Graphical user interface system
CN108984263B (zh) * 2018-08-07 2022-05-06 网易传媒科技（北京）有限公司 视频显示方法和装置
US11435830B2 (en) 2018-09-11 2022-09-06 Apple Inc. Content-based tactile outputs
CN115826750A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2023-03-21 苹果公司 基于内容的触觉输出
DK179888B1 (en) 2018-09-11 2019-08-27 Apple Inc. CONTENT-BASED TACTICAL OUTPUTS
CN110096157B (zh) * 2018-09-11 2021-05-11 苹果公司 基于内容的触觉输出
CN109343712B (zh) * 2018-10-24 2022-06-21 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 终端设备的触觉反馈方法、触觉反馈装置及终端设备
US10908783B2 (en) * 2018-11-06 2021-02-02 Apple Inc. Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for interacting with user interface objects and providing feedback
CN109710072B (zh) * 2018-12-26 2022-03-11 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 一种个性化重定向行走方法及***
CN110196636B (zh) * 2019-05-13 2022-11-15 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 提示方法、装置、存储介质及电子设备
US10996761B2 (en) 2019-06-01 2021-05-04 Apple Inc. User interfaces for non-visual output of time
JP7495728B2 (ja) 2020-09-30 2024-06-05 国立大学法人東北大学 振動制御装置，振動制御プログラム及び振動制御方法
CN111026313B (zh) * 2019-12-16 2021-01-22 深圳介子云图空间科技有限公司 一种可视化列表排序方法及装置
JP2022088187A (ja) * 2020-12-02 2022-06-14 富士フイルム株式会社 情報処理装置及び情報処理プログラム
WO2023168621A1 (zh) * 2022-03-09 2023-09-14 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种触觉和视觉反馈同步的方法及设备

Family Cites Families (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05134653A (ja) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ウインドウ画面スクロール装置
JPH08278983A (ja) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-22 Canon Inc ファイル検索装置
US6690387B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2004-02-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Touch-screen image scrolling system and method
JP2006285471A (ja) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-19 Seiko Epson Corp 情報表示装置、情報表示方法および情報表示プログラム
US20070132789A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-14 Bas Ording List scrolling in response to moving contact over list of index symbols
KR101424259B1 (ko) * 2007-08-22 2014-07-31 삼성전자주식회사 휴대단말에서 입력 피드백 제공 방법 및 장치
US8509854B2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2013-08-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Mobile terminal and method of controlling operation of the same
US20090102805A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 Microsoft Corporation Three-dimensional object simulation using audio, visual, and tactile feedback
US8266550B1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2012-09-11 Google Inc. Parallax panning of mobile device desktop
US8402381B2 (en) * 2008-09-23 2013-03-19 International Business Machines Corporation Automatically arranging widgets of a model within a canvas using iterative region based widget relative adjustments
KR101620874B1 (ko) * 2009-05-19 2016-05-13 삼성전자주식회사 목록 검색 방법 및 이를 지원하는 휴대 단말기
JP2011048686A (ja) * 2009-08-27 2011-03-10 Kyocera Corp 入力装置
EP2378406B1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2018-08-22 LG Electronics Inc. Mobile terminal and method of controlling operation of the mobile terminal
JP5652711B2 (ja) * 2010-07-14 2015-01-14 株式会社リコー タッチパネル装置
US9448713B2 (en) * 2011-04-22 2016-09-20 Immersion Corporation Electro-vibrotactile display
WO2012169176A1 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 パナソニック株式会社 電子機器
KR101830965B1 (ko) * 2011-08-03 2018-02-22 엘지전자 주식회사 이동 단말기 및 이동 단말기의 제어 방법
US9946430B2 (en) * 2011-09-21 2018-04-17 Facebook, Inc. Displaying social networking system user information via a timeline interface
JP2012027940A (ja) * 2011-10-05 2012-02-09 Toshiba Corp 電子機器
US8812994B2 (en) * 2011-12-29 2014-08-19 Apple Inc. Device, method, and graphical user interface for configuring restricted interaction with a user interface
WO2013169842A2 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 Yknots Industries Llc Device, method, and graphical user interface for selecting object within a group of objects
KR101823288B1 (ko) * 2012-05-09 2018-01-29 애플 인크. 제스처에 응답하여 디스플레이 상태들 사이를 전이하기 위한 디바이스, 방법, 및 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스
EP3264252B1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2019-11-27 Apple Inc. Device, method, and graphical user interface for performing an operation in accordance with a selected mode of operation
WO2013169854A2 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 Yknots Industries Llc Device, method, and graphical user interface for providing feedback for changing activation states of a user interface object
WO2013169853A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 Industries Llc Yknots Device, method, and graphical user interface for providing tactile feedback for operations performed in a user interface
AU2013259606B2 (en) * 2012-05-09 2016-06-02 Apple Inc. Device, method, and graphical user interface for displaying additional information in response to a user contact
KR101710771B1 (ko) * 2012-05-18 2017-02-27 애플 인크. 지문 센서 입력에 기초하여 사용자 인터페이스를 조작하기 위한 디바이스, 방법 및 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스
KR20130130636A (ko) * 2012-05-22 2013-12-02 삼성전자주식회사 Ui 제공 방법 및 이를 적용한 휴대용 기기
US20150097786A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2015-04-09 Nokia Corporation Display apparatus
JP5812944B2 (ja) * 2012-06-26 2015-11-17 京セラ株式会社 入力デバイス、制御方法及び携帯端末装置
KR102107491B1 (ko) * 2012-08-27 2020-05-07 삼성전자주식회사 리스트 스크롤 바 제어 방법 및 모바일 장치
US8743072B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-06-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device and control method thereof
US9196134B2 (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-11-24 Immersion Corporation Method and apparatus for simulating surface features on a user interface with haptic effects
US10078384B2 (en) * 2012-11-20 2018-09-18 Immersion Corporation Method and apparatus for providing haptic cues for guidance and alignment with electrostatic friction
US9202350B2 (en) * 2012-12-19 2015-12-01 Nokia Technologies Oy User interfaces and associated methods
WO2014105277A2 (en) * 2012-12-29 2014-07-03 Yknots Industries Llc Device, method, and graphical user interface for moving a cursor according to a change in an appearance of a control icon with simulated three-dimensional characteristics
CN108845748A (zh) * 2012-12-29 2018-11-20 苹果公司 用于针对多接触手势而放弃生成触觉输出的设备、方法和图形用户界面
KR102104910B1 (ko) * 2013-02-28 2020-04-27 삼성전자주식회사 입력 유닛에 촉각 피드백을 제공하는 휴대 장치 및 그 방법
US20140292706A1 (en) * 2013-04-01 2014-10-02 Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Non-visual touch input targeting
US20140331162A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Sap Ag Quick time-related data entry
US20140340316A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Microsoft Corporation Feedback for Gestures
JP6157215B2 (ja) * 2013-05-23 2017-07-05 キヤノン株式会社 表示制御装置及びその制御方法
CN103530040B (zh) * 2013-10-22 2016-03-30 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 目标元素移动方法、装置及电子设备
US9411422B1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2016-08-09 Audible, Inc. User interaction with content markers
GB2521225A (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 Vicast Ltd A method and apparatus for cataloguing data items
US9971500B2 (en) * 2014-06-01 2018-05-15 Apple Inc. Displaying options, assigning notification, ignoring messages, and simultaneous user interface displays in a messaging application
CN104182132B (zh) * 2014-08-07 2017-11-14 天津三星电子有限公司 一种智能终端手势控制方法及智能终端
TWI676127B (zh) * 2014-09-02 2019-11-01 美商蘋果公司 關於電子郵件使用者介面之方法、系統、電子器件及電腦可讀儲存媒體
US10642365B2 (en) * 2014-09-09 2020-05-05 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Parametric inertia and APIs
CN104239587B (zh) * 2014-10-17 2017-09-12 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 新闻列表刷新的方法及装置
CN104391637A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2015-03-04 联想(北京)有限公司 一种信息处理方法及电子设备
CN104536643B (zh) * 2014-12-10 2018-05-29 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 一种图标拖动方法及终端
US20160210291A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-21 Kevin A. Li Historical Presentation of Search Results

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3410263A1 (en) 2018-12-05
JP6528009B2 (ja) 2019-06-12
CN111338469B (zh) 2022-03-08
JP2019512814A (ja) 2019-05-16
CN109085921A (zh) 2018-12-25
JP2024012344A (ja) 2024-01-30
CN108369455B (zh) 2020-03-31
EP3425489A1 (en) 2019-01-09
JP2021015617A (ja) 2021-02-12
JP6968249B2 (ja) 2021-11-17
CN111414082A (zh) 2020-07-14
CN111414081B (zh) 2022-03-22
EP3674871A1 (en) 2020-07-01
JP2019164819A (ja) 2019-09-26
CN111338469A (zh) 2020-06-26
WO2018048518A1 (en) 2018-03-15
CN111414081A (zh) 2020-07-14
JP2022009517A (ja) 2022-01-14
CN109240500A (zh) 2019-01-18
JP6778786B2 (ja) 2020-11-04
CN108369455A (zh) 2018-08-03
HK1257299A1 (zh) 2019-10-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20220283643A1 (en) Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Providing Haptic Feedback
JP6968249B2 (ja) 触知フィードバックを提供するデバイス、方法、及びグラフィカルユーザインターフェース
AU2017101092A4 (en) Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing haptic feedback
AU2019267352B2 (en) Devices and methods for measuring using augmented reality
WO2013169851A2 (en) Device, method, and graphical user interface for facilitating user interaction with controls in a user interface
WO2019217148A1 (en) Devices and methods for measuring using augmented reality
DK179223B9 (en) Devices, methods and graphical user interfaces for providing feedback during interaction with an intensity sensitive button

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20180523

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20180913

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 1257299

Country of ref document: HK

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS