EP3361085B1 - Electromagnetic switching valve and high-pressure fuel pump - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switching valve and high-pressure fuel pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3361085B1
EP3361085B1 EP17155946.1A EP17155946A EP3361085B1 EP 3361085 B1 EP3361085 B1 EP 3361085B1 EP 17155946 A EP17155946 A EP 17155946A EP 3361085 B1 EP3361085 B1 EP 3361085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
pole piece
magnet
pole
switching valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17155946.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3361085A1 (en
Inventor
Sascha PIEPER
Yavuz Kurt
Michael Mauer
Rainer Weber
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17155946.1A priority Critical patent/EP3361085B1/en
Publication of EP3361085A1 publication Critical patent/EP3361085A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0689—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means and permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0689—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means and permanent magnets
    • F02M51/0692—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means and permanent magnets as valve or armature return means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/09—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/20—Fuel-injection apparatus with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, as well as a high-pressure fuel pump which has such an electromagnetic switching valve.
  • High-pressure fuel pumps in fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines are used to apply a high pressure to a fuel, the pressure being in the range from 150 bar to 400 bar for gasoline internal combustion engines and in the range from 1500 bar to 2500 bar for diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the higher the pressure that can be generated in the respective fuel the lower the emissions that arise during the combustion of the fuel in a combustion chamber, which is particularly advantageous against the background that a reduction in emissions is increasingly desired.
  • valve arrangements can be provided at various positions along the path that the fuel takes from a tank to the respective combustion chamber, for example as an inlet valve or outlet valve on a high-pressure fuel pump that pressurizes the fuel, but also, for example, as a relief valve at various positions of the fuel injection system, for example on a common rail, which stores the pressurized fuel before it is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • fast-switching solenoid valves are often used for volume flow and / or pressure control.
  • a return spring usually stops Closing element of a valve area of such an electromagnetic switching valve open or closed against a volume flow.
  • the associated actuator area that is, the magnetic actuator which opens or closes the closing element, is designed in such a way that the actuator force of the magnetic actuator can override the restoring force of the restoring spring in a predetermined time in order to switch the switching valve.
  • switching valves are accordingly constructed as a combination of a switching magnet, which operates the magnet actuator, with a hydraulic system switched by this, the valve area. During operation, two switching states of the hydraulic system, an open position and a closed position, are achieved.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve has a movable armature and a fixed pole piece in the actuator area, which are normally kept at a distance from one another by the return spring.
  • a solenoid in the actuator area By activating a solenoid in the actuator area with electric current, a magnetic field is built up that creates a magnetic force of attraction between the armature and the pole piece, which causes these two elements to move towards one another, until the armature and the pole piece touch.
  • a critical source of noise can be the electromagnetic switching valve, which is arranged, for example, on the high-pressure fuel pump, and which generates a high level of background noise due to mechanically moving components such as the armature. This is because a large proportion of the background noise generated is caused by the impact of the moving armature into the pole piece.
  • a chrome layer is usually provided on the armature and / or on the pole piece. This then acts as a magnetic separating layer.
  • a return spring is usually provided in order to keep the armature and the pole piece at a distance in the de-energized state of the solenoid with a corresponding restoring force.
  • the return spring can hold the hydraulics in a closed position, but there are also electromagnetic switching valves that are held in the open position by the return spring when de-energized (normally open switching valve).
  • the pamphlet DE 37 04 542 A1 discloses a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine with an electromagnet which has an armature connected to a sealing element.
  • the armature has a permanent magnetic material and interacts with a rod-shaped permanent magnet core in a tubular support body, the magnetic lines of force of the magnet core being opposite to those of the armature and the electromagnet being magnetizable opposite to the magnet core. In this way, a mass that is moved when the injection valve is actuated is intended to be kept small and the injection valve to be highly dynamic.
  • the pamphlet U.S. 4,637,554 A discloses an electromagnetic fuel injector with a magnetic stop to improve the movability of a valve element and the response time of the injector.
  • the injection valve has a spring-loaded valve element which can be moved electromagnetically between a sealing and an opening state. The movement of the valve element away from the valve seat is limited by a stationary stop element and a flange attached to the valve element.
  • the stopper member and the flange have opposing surfaces to which magnets of the same polarity are attached to shorten the time required for the valve closing movement of the valve member.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic switching valve which is improved with regard to the generation of noise during operation.
  • a high-pressure fuel pump which has such an electromagnetic switching valve is the subject of the independent claim.
  • An electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has a valve area with a closing element and with a valve seat, which cooperate to close the switching valve.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve further comprises an actuator area for moving the closing element with an actuator force along a movement axis.
  • the actuator area has a fixed pole piece and an armature which is movable along the axis of movement and which is coupled to the closing element for moving the closing element and which moves towards the pole piece along the axis of movement during operation.
  • the armature has an armature magnet and the pole piece has a pole piece magnet. The armature magnet and the pole piece magnet are arranged in such a way that a magnetic repulsive force acts between them during operation.
  • the actuator area has a solenoid for generating a magnetic force of attraction between the armature and the pole piece, the solenoid being designed in such a way that the force of attraction generated during operation suppresses the magnetic repulsive force acting by the armature magnet and the pole piece magnet, and the armature magnet and the pole piece magnet are designed in such a way that when the armature and the pole piece approach, the magnetic repulsive force exceeds the force of attraction before the armature and the pole piece touch.
  • the magnetic repulsive force is advantageously so great that the electromagnetic switching valve, if it is designed as a switching valve that is open without current, can be kept completely open, which is why the restoring spring previously used can advantageously be dispensed with, which also leads to a Cost savings leads.
  • the armature magnet or the pole piece magnet can each be designed either as a permanent magnet or, alternatively, as an electromagnet. That is, either both can be designed as permanent magnets or both as electromagnets, or one as a permanent magnet and the other as an electromagnet.
  • Permanent magnets have the advantage that they are also effective in the de-energized state, while electromagnets have the advantage that they can be switched on or off as required.
  • the magnetic forces i.e. the force of attraction and the force of repulsion, are therefore ideally designed so that when the electromagnetic switching valve, in particular the solenoid, is actuated, the armature can be attracted by the pole piece in order to enable the switching valve to be closed or opened however, contact between the armature and the pole piece due to the repulsive force is avoided.
  • the armature has a pole piece approach surface and the pole piece has an armature approach surface, which are arranged facing each other.
  • the armature magnet is attached to the pole piece approach area and the pole piece magnet is attached to the armature approach area.
  • One of the two magnets is therefore preferably firmly attached to the pole piece and the other to the armature. This is a particularly simple embodiment in order to provide magnets between the armature and the pole piece, which magnets generate a magnetic repulsive force between the armature and the pole piece.
  • an armature magnetic surface forms the pole piece approach surface. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible that a pole piece magnetic surface forms the armature approach surface. If the armature magnet or pole piece magnet are accordingly arranged on the armature or pole piece in such a way that the surfaces which move towards one another during operation are completely formed by the respective magnets, flush surfaces without a shoulder are advantageously created.
  • the armature it is also possible for the armature to have an armature recess and the pole piece to have a pole piece recess, the armature magnet being arranged in the armature recess and the pole piece magnet being arranged in the pole piece recess.
  • commercially available magnets can easily be introduced into a corresponding recess in the armature or pole piece.
  • the armature magnet is arranged in the armature recess in such a way that it forms a flush armature surface with the pole piece approach surface. It is also advantageous if the pole piece magnet is in such a way Pole piece recess is arranged that it forms a flush pole piece surface with the armature approach surface.
  • the armature magnet or the pole piece magnet can be arranged in the respective recess in such a way that a protrusion is formed which particularly strengthens a magnetic repulsive force at the point where the pole piece and armature come particularly close.
  • the armature magnet and / or the pole piece magnet are designed as ring-shaped magnets.
  • Armature magnet or pole piece magnet can, however, also be provided in any desired shape and number, depending on which embodiments can be provided simply and inexpensively on the armature or pole piece.
  • the armature or pole piece magnet can be placed in the middle of the armature or pole piece, where the return spring is otherwise located. Additionally could
  • Armature or pole piece magnet are isolated on three of four sides in order to direct the magnetic flux.
  • An advantageous high-pressure fuel pump for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has the electromagnetic switching valve described above.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic overview of a fuel injection system 10 of an internal combustion engine, which delivers a fuel 12 from a tank 14 via a pre-feed pump 16, a high-pressure fuel pump 18 and a high-pressure fuel reservoir 20 to injectors 22, which then inject the fuel 12 into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel 12 is introduced into the high-pressure fuel pump 18 via an inlet valve 24, released from the high-pressure fuel pump 18 under pressure via an outlet valve 26, and then fed to the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20.
  • a pressure regulating valve 28 is arranged on the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20 in order to be able to regulate the pressure of the fuel 12 in the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20.
  • Both the inlet valve 24 and the outlet valve 26 and also the pressure regulating valve 28 can be designed as electromagnetic switching valves 30 and can therefore be actively operated.
  • Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of such an electromagnetic switching valve 30, which is designed as an inlet valve 24.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is located in a housing bore 32 of a housing 34 of the high-pressure fuel pump 18 Fig. 1 arranged.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 30 has a valve area 36 and an actuator area 38, the actuator area 38 having a stationary pole piece 40 and an armature 44 movable along a movement axis 42.
  • the valve region 36 comprises a valve seat 46 and a closing element 48, which cooperate to close the electromagnetic switching valve 30.
  • pole piece 40 and the armature 44 are received together in a sleeve 50, although this need not necessarily be the case.
  • a solenoid 52 is pushed onto the sleeve 50 and is thus arranged around the pole piece 40 and the armature 44 in the actuator region 38.
  • the armature 44 and the pole piece 40 are arranged directly adjacent to one another so that an armature approach surface 54 and a pole piece approach surface 56 are directly opposite one another.
  • the armature 44 is coupled to an actuation pin 58 which, during operation, moves with the armature 44 along the axis of movement 42.
  • the actuating pin 58 pushes the closing element 48 away from the valve seat 46 or has no contact with it the closing element 48, so that when a force acts from the opposite side, it can move onto the valve seat 46 and thus close the switching valve 30.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is designed as a normally open switching valve, but it is also possible to design the electromagnetic switching valve 30 as a normally closed switching valve 30, wherein the actuating pin 58 has no contact with the closing element 48 in the initial state.
  • the solenoid 52 When the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is energized, the solenoid 52 generates a magnetic field in the electromagnetic switching valve 30, which results in a magnetic force of attraction F AN between the pole piece 40 and the armature 44. As a result, the armature 44 is pulled with its pole piece approach surface 56 in the direction of the armature approach surface 54 of the pole piece 40. The armature 44 takes the actuating pin 58 with it, so that it loses contact with the closing element 48 and the closing element 48 can thus return to the valve seat 46.
  • the armature 44 has an armature magnet 60 and the pole piece 40 has a pole piece magnet 62.
  • the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are arranged in such a way that a magnetic repulsive force F AB acts between them during operation.
  • the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are both designed as permanent magnets. However, it is also possible to provide both magnets 60, 62, or even just a single one of them, as electromagnets which are switched when required.
  • the poles of armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 are directed towards one another with the same polarity, so that the magnetic repulsive force F AB can act.
  • the magnetic repulsive force F AB acts in exactly the opposite way to the magnetic attraction F AN induced by the solenoid 52 between armature 44 and pole piece 40.
  • the solenoid 52 is designed so that, when it is switched on, it can generate a magnetic attractive force F AN in the actuator area 38 in the initial state, which can suppress the magnetic repulsive force F AB between the two magnets 60, 62.
  • solenoid 52, armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 are also designed in such a way that armature 44 and pole piece 40 cannot come into contact with one another despite the acting magnetic attraction force F AN from solenoid 52.
  • the magnetic repulsive force F AB between armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 becomes so great as the distance between armature 44 and pole piece 40 decreases that the solenoid 52 can no longer override the repulsive force F AB with its resulting attractive force F AN.
  • the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are also designed in terms of their repulsive force F AB so that the switching valve 30 can be kept open in a de-energized state, that is to say when the solenoid 52 is switched off, the previously provided return spring between armature 44 and pole piece 40 can even be dispensed with.
  • this return spring can also optionally continue to be arranged between armature 44 and pole piece 40, depending on the design of the resulting magnetic repulsive force F AB .
  • the armature 44 has an armature recess 64 and the pole piece 40 has a pole piece recess 66, the armature magnet 60 being arranged in the armature recess 64, and the pole piece magnet 62 being arranged in the pole piece recess 66.
  • the magnets 60, 62 are arranged in their respective recesses 64, 66 in such a way that they each end flush with the respective surface of armature 44 and pole piece 40. That is, the armature magnet 60 is arranged in the armature recess 64 in such a way that it forms a flush armature surface 68 with the pole piece approach surface 56, and the pole piece magnet 62 is arranged in the pole piece recess 66 so that it has a flush pole piece surface 70 with the armature approach surface 54 forms.
  • the magnets 60, 62 with a respective protrusion in their recess 64, 66.
  • the armature magnet 60 is merely attached to the pole piece approach surface 56 or that the pole piece magnet 62 is attached to the armature approach surface 54. It is conceivable that the armature approach surface 54 is formed by a pole piece magnetic surface 72 of the pole piece magnet 62 or that the pole piece approach surface 56 is formed by an armature magnetic surface 74 of the Armature magnet 60 is formed. I. E. the magnets 60, 62 then completely cover the pole piece approach surface 56 and the armature approach surface 54, respectively.
  • the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are each designed as an annular magnet.
  • armature magnet 60 or pole piece magnet 62 have other shapes, and that several individual parts can also be provided instead of a single magnet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Schaltventil für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine, sowie eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe, die ein solches elektromagnetisches Schaltventil aufweist.The invention relates to an electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, as well as a high-pressure fuel pump which has such an electromagnetic switching valve.

Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpen in Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen in Brennkraftmaschinen werden dazu verwendet, einen Kraftstoff mit einem hohen Druck zu beaufschlagen, wobei der Druck beispielsweise bei Benzin-Brennkraftmaschinen im Bereich von 150 bar bis 400 bar und bei Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen im Bereich von 1500 bar bis 2500 bar liegt. Je höher der Druck, der in dem jeweiligen Kraftstoff erzeugt werden kann, desto geringer sind Emissionen, die während der Verbrennung des Kraftstoffes in einer Brennkammer entstehen, was insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund vorteilhaft ist, dass eine Verringerung von Emissionen immer stärker gewünscht wird.High-pressure fuel pumps in fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines are used to apply a high pressure to a fuel, the pressure being in the range from 150 bar to 400 bar for gasoline internal combustion engines and in the range from 1500 bar to 2500 bar for diesel internal combustion engines. The higher the pressure that can be generated in the respective fuel, the lower the emissions that arise during the combustion of the fuel in a combustion chamber, which is particularly advantageous against the background that a reduction in emissions is increasingly desired.

In dem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem können an verschiedenen Positionen des Weges, den der Kraftstoff von einem Tank zu der jeweiligen Brennkammer nimmt, Ventilanordnungen vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise als Einlassventil oder Auslassventil an einer Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe, die den Kraftstoff mit Druck beaufschlägt, aber auch beispielsweise als Entlastungsventil an verschiedensten Positionen des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems, beispielsweise an einem Common-Rail, das den druckbeaufschlagten Kraftstoff vor der Einspritzung in die Brennkammer speichert.In the fuel injection system, valve arrangements can be provided at various positions along the path that the fuel takes from a tank to the respective combustion chamber, for example as an inlet valve or outlet valve on a high-pressure fuel pump that pressurizes the fuel, but also, for example, as a relief valve at various positions of the fuel injection system, for example on a common rail, which stores the pressurized fuel before it is injected into the combustion chamber.

Häufig werden hierzu schnell schaltende Magnetventile zur Volumenstrom- und/oder Druckregelung eingesetzt. Je nach Fördermenge und Art hält dabei für gewöhnlich eine Rückstellfeder ein Schließelement eines Ventilbereiches eines solchen elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles gegen einen Volumenstrom offen oder geschlossen. Der dazugehörige Aktuatorbereich, das heißt der Magnetaktuator, welcher das Schließelement öffnet oder schließt, ist derart gestaltet, dass die Aktuatorkraft des Magnetaktuators die Rückstellkraft der Rückstellfeder in einer vorbestimmten Zeit überdrücken kann, um somit das Schaltventil zu schalten.For this purpose, fast-switching solenoid valves are often used for volume flow and / or pressure control. Depending on the delivery rate and type, a return spring usually stops Closing element of a valve area of such an electromagnetic switching valve open or closed against a volume flow. The associated actuator area, that is, the magnetic actuator which opens or closes the closing element, is designed in such a way that the actuator force of the magnetic actuator can override the restoring force of the restoring spring in a predetermined time in order to switch the switching valve.

Diese Schaltventile sind demgemäß als Kombination eines Schaltmagneten, der den Magnetaktuator betreibt, mit einer durch diesen geschalteten Hydraulik, dem Ventilbereich, aufgebaut. Im Betrieb werden somit zwei Schaltzustände der Hydraulik, eine geöffnete Stellung und eine geschlossene Stellung, erreicht.These switching valves are accordingly constructed as a combination of a switching magnet, which operates the magnet actuator, with a hydraulic system switched by this, the valve area. During operation, two switching states of the hydraulic system, an open position and a closed position, are achieved.

Das elektromagnetische Schaltventil weist in dem Aktuatorbereich einen beweglichen Anker und ein feststehendes Polstück auf, die normalerweise durch die Rückstellfeder zueinander auf Abstand gehalten werden. Durch die Aktivierung eines Solenoiden im Aktuatorbereich mit elektrischem Strom wird ein Magnetfeld aufgebaut, das eine magnetische Anziehungskraft zwischen Anker und Polstück erzeugt, durch die sich diese beiden Elemente aufeinander zu bewegen, und zwar so lange, bis sich Anker und Polstück berühren.The electromagnetic switching valve has a movable armature and a fixed pole piece in the actuator area, which are normally kept at a distance from one another by the return spring. By activating a solenoid in the actuator area with electric current, a magnetic field is built up that creates a magnetic force of attraction between the armature and the pole piece, which causes these two elements to move towards one another, until the armature and the pole piece touch.

Im Betrieb des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles entstehen daher Betriebsgeräusche, die durch das Schließen bzw. Öffnen des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles erzeugt werden.During the operation of the electromagnetic switching valve, operating noises are generated which are generated by the closing or opening of the electromagnetic switching valve.

Bei Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen ist jedoch der Akustiklevel ein kritischer Gesichtspunkt und es ist gewünscht, die Akustik insgesamt zu verbessern, indem Hauptgeräuschquellen bzgl. ihrer Geräuschkulisse verbessert werden. Eine kritische Geräuschquelle kann dabei das elektromagnetische Schaltventil sein, das beispielsweise an der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe angeordnet ist, und welches aufgrund mechanisch bewegter Bauteile wie dem Anker eine hohe Geräuschkulisse erzeugt. Denn ein großer Anteil an der erzeugten Geräuschkulisse entsteht durch den Aufprall des bewegten Ankers in das Polstück.In fuel injection systems, however, the acoustic level is a critical aspect and it is desirable to improve the acoustics as a whole by improving the background noise of the main sources of noise. A critical source of noise can be the electromagnetic switching valve, which is arranged, for example, on the high-pressure fuel pump, and which generates a high level of background noise due to mechanically moving components such as the armature. This is because a large proportion of the background noise generated is caused by the impact of the moving armature into the pole piece.

Um ein Anhaften des Ankers am Polstück und damit einhergehend längere Schaltzeiten aufgrund eines verbleibenden Restmagnetismus zu vermeiden, wird in der Regel eine Chromschicht am Anker und/oder am Polstück vorgesehen. Diese fungiert dann als magnetische Trennschicht.In order to prevent the armature from sticking to the pole piece and the associated longer switching times due to residual magnetism, a chrome layer is usually provided on the armature and / or on the pole piece. This then acts as a magnetic separating layer.

Weiter ist in der Regel eine Rückstellfeder vorgesehen, um Anker und Polstück in unbestromtem Zustand des Solenoiden mit einer entsprechenden Rückstellkraft auf Abstand zu halten. Dabei kann die Rückstellfeder bei sogenannten stromlos geschlossenen elektromagnetischen Schaltventilen die Hydraulik in eine geschlossene Position halten, es gibt jedoch auch elektromagnetische Schaltventile, die im unbestromten Zustand durch die Rückstellfeder in der geöffneten Position gehalten werden, (stromlos offenes Schaltventil).Furthermore, a return spring is usually provided in order to keep the armature and the pole piece at a distance in the de-energized state of the solenoid with a corresponding restoring force. With so-called normally closed electromagnetic switching valves, the return spring can hold the hydraulics in a closed position, but there are also electromagnetic switching valves that are held in the open position by the return spring when de-energized (normally open switching valve).

Bislang konnte die Akustik eines elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles durch beispielsweise mechanische Anpassung von Komponenten an der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe mit Hilfe von Simulationen optimiert werden. Es ist auch bekannt, Softwarelösungen zu verwenden, die dazu führen, dass bewegte Massen vor ihrem Aufprall abgebremst werden.So far, it has been possible to optimize the acoustics of an electromagnetic switching valve through, for example, mechanical adaptation of components on the high-pressure fuel pump with the help of simulations. It is also known to use software solutions that result in moving masses being braked before they impact.

Ein vollständiges Auslöschen der Geräuschemissionen war bislang jedoch nicht möglich. Daher wurden bislang weitere Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Geräuschemissionen eingesetzt, beispielsweise zusätzliche Akustikcover verwendet, um die Geräuschkulisse abzuschirmen.Up until now, however, it has not been possible to completely eliminate the noise emissions. For this reason, further measures to reduce noise emissions have so far been used, for example additional acoustic covers have been used to shield the background noise.

Die Druckschrift DE 37 04 542 A1 offenbart ein Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Elektromagneten, welcher einen mit einem Dichtelement verbundenen Anker aufweist. Der Anker weist einen permanentmagnetischen Werkstoff auf und wirkt mit einem stabförmigen Permanentmagnetkern in einem rohrförmigen Tragkörper zusammen, wobei die magnetischen Kraftlinien des Magnetkerns denen des Ankers entgegengerichtet sind und der Elektromagnet entgegengesetzt zum Magnetkern magnetisierbar ist. Auf diese Weise soll eine beim Betätigen des Einspritzventils bewegte Masse geringgehalten werden und sich eine hohe Dynamik des Einspritzventils ergeben.The pamphlet DE 37 04 542 A1 discloses a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine with an electromagnet which has an armature connected to a sealing element. The armature has a permanent magnetic material and interacts with a rod-shaped permanent magnet core in a tubular support body, the magnetic lines of force of the magnet core being opposite to those of the armature and the electromagnet being magnetizable opposite to the magnet core. In this way, a mass that is moved when the injection valve is actuated is intended to be kept small and the injection valve to be highly dynamic.

Die Druckschrift US 4 637 554 A offenbart ein elektromagnetisches Kraftstoff-Einspritzventil mit einem magnetischen Anschlag, um die Beweglichkeit eines Ventilelements und die Ansprechzeit des Einspritzventils zu verbessern. Das Einspritzventil weist ein federvorgespanntes Ventilelement auf, das elektromagnetisch zwischen einem abdichtenden und einem öffnenden Zustand bewegbar ist. Die Bewegung des Ventilelements weg von dem Ventilsitz ist dabei durch ein stationäres Anschlagelement und einem an dem Ventilelement befestigten Flansch begrenzt. Das Anschlagelement und der Flansch weisen gegenüberliegende Flächen auf, an denen Magnete mit der gleichen Polarität angebracht sind, um für die Ventilschließbewegung des Ventilelements erforderliche Zeit zu verkürzen.The pamphlet U.S. 4,637,554 A discloses an electromagnetic fuel injector with a magnetic stop to improve the movability of a valve element and the response time of the injector. The injection valve has a spring-loaded valve element which can be moved electromagnetically between a sealing and an opening state. The movement of the valve element away from the valve seat is limited by a stationary stop element and a flange attached to the valve element. The stopper member and the flange have opposing surfaces to which magnets of the same polarity are attached to shorten the time required for the valve closing movement of the valve member.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein hinsichtlich der Geräuschentwicklung im Betrieb verbessertes elektromagnetisches Schaltventil bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic switching valve which is improved with regard to the generation of noise during operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem elektromagnetischen Schaltventil mit der Merkmalskombination des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with an electromagnetic switching valve with the combination of features of claim 1.

Eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe, die ein solches elektromagnetisches Schaltventil aufweist, ist Gegenstand des nebengeordneten Anspruches.A high-pressure fuel pump which has such an electromagnetic switching valve is the subject of the independent claim.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein elektromagnetisches Schaltventil für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine weist einen Ventilbereich mit einem Schließelement und mit einem Ventilsitz, die zum Schließen des Schaltventiles zusammenwirken, auf. Weiter umfasst das elektromagnetische Schaltventil einen Aktuatorbereich zum Bewegen des Schließelementes mit einer Aktuatorkraft entlang einer Bewegungsachse. Der Aktuatorbereich weist ein feststehendes Polstück und einen entlang der Bewegungsachse beweglichen Anker auf, der zum Bewegen des Schließelementes mit dem Schließelement gekoppelt ist, und der sich im Betrieb entlang der Bewegungsachse auf das Polstück zu bewegt. Der Anker weist einen Ankermagneten auf, und das Polstück weist einen Polstückmagneten auf. Der Ankermagnet und der Polstückmagnet sind so angeordnet, dass im Betrieb eine magnetische Abstoßungskraft zwischen ihnen wirkt. Ferner weist der Aktuatorbereich einen Solenoiden zum Erzeugen einer magnetischen Anziehungskraft zwischen Anker und Polstück auf, wobei der Solenoid derart ausgelegt ist, dass die im Betrieb erzeugte Anziehungskraft die durch Ankermagnet und Polstückmagnet wirkende magnetische Abstoßungskraft überdrückt, und wobei der Ankermagnet und der Polstückmagnet derart ausgelegt sind, dass bei Annäherung von Anker und Polstück die magnetische Abstoßungskraft die Anziehungskraft übersteigt, bevor der Anker und das Polstück sich berühren.An electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has a valve area with a closing element and with a valve seat, which cooperate to close the switching valve. The electromagnetic switching valve further comprises an actuator area for moving the closing element with an actuator force along a movement axis. The actuator area has a fixed pole piece and an armature which is movable along the axis of movement and which is coupled to the closing element for moving the closing element and which moves towards the pole piece along the axis of movement during operation. The armature has an armature magnet and the pole piece has a pole piece magnet. The armature magnet and the pole piece magnet are arranged in such a way that a magnetic repulsive force acts between them during operation. Furthermore, the actuator area has a solenoid for generating a magnetic force of attraction between the armature and the pole piece, the solenoid being designed in such a way that the force of attraction generated during operation suppresses the magnetic repulsive force acting by the armature magnet and the pole piece magnet, and the armature magnet and the pole piece magnet are designed in such a way that when the armature and the pole piece approach, the magnetic repulsive force exceeds the force of attraction before the armature and the pole piece touch.

Dementsprechend wird nun vorgeschlagen, zwischen dem Anker und dem Polstück zwei gegenpolige Magnete vorzusehen, die den Anker und das Polstück auf Abstand zueinander halten können.Accordingly, it is now proposed to provide two opposing polarity magnets between the armature and the pole piece, which magnets can keep the armature and the pole piece at a distance from one another.

Dadurch wird im Betrieb ein Kontakt zwischen Anker und Polstück und die damit einhergehende Geräuschemission vermieden, was zu einer signifikant verbessersten Akustik des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles führt. Zusätzlich hat dies den Vorteil, dass, da es keinen Kontakt mehr zwischen Anker und Polstück gibt, kein Risiko für ein Anhaften des Ankers am Polstück besteht, weshalb auf eine Chromschicht bzw. ein zusätzliches Trennplättchen zwischen Anker und Polstück verzichtet werden kann. Durch diese Einsparung kann insgesamt eine Kostenersparnis erzielt werden.This avoids contact between armature and pole piece during operation and the associated noise emission, which leads to significantly improved acoustics of the electromagnetic switching valve. In addition, this has the advantage that, since there is no longer any contact between armature and pole piece, there is no risk of the armature sticking to the pole piece, which is why a chrome layer or an additional separating plate between armature and pole piece can be dispensed with. As a result of this saving, a total cost saving can be achieved.

Bei entsprechender Auslegung von Ankermagnet und Polstückmagnet ist die magnetische Abstoßungskraft vorteilhaft so groß, dass dadurch das elektromagnetische Schaltventil, wenn es als unbestromt offenes Schaltventil ausgelegt ist, vollständig offengehalten werden kann, weshalb vorteilhaft auf die bisher verwendete Rückstellfeder verzichtet werden kann, was ebenfalls zu einer Kostenersparnis führt.With an appropriate design of the armature magnet and pole piece magnet, the magnetic repulsive force is advantageously so great that the electromagnetic switching valve, if it is designed as a switching valve that is open without current, can be kept completely open, which is why the restoring spring previously used can advantageously be dispensed with, which also leads to a Cost savings leads.

Der Ankermagnet bzw. der Polstückmagnet können jeweils entweder als Permanentmagnet oder alternativ auch als Elektromagnete ausgebildet sein. Das heißt, entweder können beide als Permanentmagnete oder beide als Elektromagnete, oder jeweils einer als Permanentmagnet und der andere als Elektromagnet ausgebildet sein.The armature magnet or the pole piece magnet can each be designed either as a permanent magnet or, alternatively, as an electromagnet. That is, either both can be designed as permanent magnets or both as electromagnets, or one as a permanent magnet and the other as an electromagnet.

Permanentmagnete haben dabei den Vorteil, dass sie auch im unbestromten Zustand wirksam sind, während Elektromagnete den Vorteil haben, dass sie je nach Bedarf zu- bzw. abgeschaltet werden können.Permanent magnets have the advantage that they are also effective in the de-energized state, while electromagnets have the advantage that they can be switched on or off as required.

Die Magnetkräfte, das heißt die Anziehungskraft und die Abstoßungskraft, sind daher idealerweise so ausgelegt, dass beim Ansteuern des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles, insbesondere des Solenoiden, der Anker zwar vom Polstück angezogen werden kann, um ein Schließen bzw. Öffnen des Schaltventiles zu ermöglichen, dabei jedoch ein Kontakt zwischen Anker und Polstück aufgrund der Abstoßungskraft vermieden wird.The magnetic forces, i.e. the force of attraction and the force of repulsion, are therefore ideally designed so that when the electromagnetic switching valve, in particular the solenoid, is actuated, the armature can be attracted by the pole piece in order to enable the switching valve to be closed or opened however, contact between the armature and the pole piece due to the repulsive force is avoided.

Vorzugsweise weist der Anker eine Polstückannäherungsfläche und das Polstück eine Ankerannäherungsfläche auf, die zueinander hingerichtet angeordnet sind. In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist der Ankermagnet an der Polstückannäherungsfläche und der Polstückmagnet an der Ankerannäherungsfläche befestigt. Einer der beiden Magnete ist daher vorzugsweise fest am Polstück befestigt, und der andere am Anker. Dies ist eine besonders einfache Ausgestaltung, um zwischen Anker und Polstück Magnete vorzusehen, die eine magnetische Abstoßungskraft zwischen Anker und Polstück erzeugen.Preferably, the armature has a pole piece approach surface and the pole piece has an armature approach surface, which are arranged facing each other. In an advantageous embodiment, the armature magnet is attached to the pole piece approach area and the pole piece magnet is attached to the armature approach area. One of the two magnets is therefore preferably firmly attached to the pole piece and the other to the armature. This is a particularly simple embodiment in order to provide magnets between the armature and the pole piece, which magnets generate a magnetic repulsive force between the armature and the pole piece.

In besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung bildet eine Ankermagnetfläche die Polstückannäherungsfläche. Zusätzlich oder alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass eine Polstückmagnetfläche die Ankerannäherungsfläche bildet. Sind demgemäß Ankermagnet bzw. Polstückmagnet so am Anker bzw. Polstück angeordnet, dass die Flächen, die sich im Betrieb aufeinander zu bewegen, vollständig von den jeweiligen Magneten gebildet sind, entstehen vorteilhaft bündige Flächen ohne Absatz.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, an armature magnetic surface forms the pole piece approach surface. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible that a pole piece magnetic surface forms the armature approach surface. If the armature magnet or pole piece magnet are accordingly arranged on the armature or pole piece in such a way that the surfaces which move towards one another during operation are completely formed by the respective magnets, flush surfaces without a shoulder are advantageously created.

Alternativ ist es jedoch auch möglich, dass der Anker eine Ankerausnehmung und das Polstück eine Polstückausnehmung aufweist, wobei der Ankermanget in der Ankerausnehmung und der Polstückmagnet in der Polstückausnehmung angeordnet sind. Dadurch können beispielsweise kommerziell erhältliche Magnete einfach in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung in Anker bzw. Polstück eingebracht werden.Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the armature to have an armature recess and the pole piece to have a pole piece recess, the armature magnet being arranged in the armature recess and the pole piece magnet being arranged in the pole piece recess. In this way, for example, commercially available magnets can easily be introduced into a corresponding recess in the armature or pole piece.

Besonders vorteilhaft bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist es, wenn der Ankermagnet derart in der Ankerausnehmung angeordnet ist, dass er mit der Polstückannäherungsfläche eine bündige Ankerfläche bildet. Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Polstückmagnet derart in der Polstückausnehmung angeordnet ist, dass er mit der Ankerannäherungsfläche eine bündige Polstückfläche bildet.It is particularly advantageous in this embodiment if the armature magnet is arranged in the armature recess in such a way that it forms a flush armature surface with the pole piece approach surface. It is also advantageous if the pole piece magnet is in such a way Pole piece recess is arranged that it forms a flush pole piece surface with the armature approach surface.

Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass der Ankermagnet bzw. der Polstückmagnet so in der jeweiligen Ausnehmung angeordnet ist, dass sich ein Überstand bildet, der eine magnetische Abstoßungskraft in dem Punkt, in dem sich Polstück und Anker besonders nahekommen, besonders verstärkt.Alternatively, it is also possible for the armature magnet or the pole piece magnet to be arranged in the respective recess in such a way that a protrusion is formed which particularly strengthens a magnetic repulsive force at the point where the pole piece and armature come particularly close.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung sind der Ankermagnet und/oder der Polstückmagnet als ringförmige Magnete ausgebildet. Ankermagnet bzw. Polstückmagnet können jedoch auch in einer beliebigen Form und Anzahl vorgesehen werden, je nachdem, welche Ausführungsformen einfach und kostengünstig an Anker bzw. Polstück vorgesehen werden können.In an advantageous embodiment, the armature magnet and / or the pole piece magnet are designed as ring-shaped magnets. Armature magnet or pole piece magnet can, however, also be provided in any desired shape and number, depending on which embodiments can be provided simply and inexpensively on the armature or pole piece.

Um unerwünschte Interferenzen zwischen dem vom Solenoiden erzeugen Magnetfeld und dem von Anker- bzw. Polstückmagnet erzeugten Magnetfeld zu vermeiden, können der Anker- bzw. Polstückmagnet mittig am Anker bzw. Polstück platziert werden, dort, wo sonst die Rückstellfeder angeordnet ist. Zusätzlich könntenIn order to avoid unwanted interference between the magnetic field generated by the solenoid and the magnetic field generated by the armature or pole piece magnet, the armature or pole piece magnet can be placed in the middle of the armature or pole piece, where the return spring is otherwise located. Additionally could

Anker- bzw. Polstückmagnet an drei von vier Seiten isoliert werden, um den Magnetfluss zu richten.Armature or pole piece magnet are isolated on three of four sides in order to direct the magnetic flux.

Eine vorteilhafte Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine weist das oben beschriebene elektromagnetische Schaltventil auf.An advantageous high-pressure fuel pump for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has the electromagnetic switching valve described above.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Ãœbersichtsdarstellung eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems einer Brennkraftmaschine, das an verschiedenen Positionen ein elektromagnetisches Schaltventil aufweisen kann; und
Fig. 2
eine Längsschnittdarstellung eines der Schaltventile aus Fig. 1 als Einlassventil an einer Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic overview of a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, which can have an electromagnetic switching valve at various positions; and
Fig. 2
a longitudinal sectional view of one of the switching valves Fig. 1 as an inlet valve on a high-pressure fuel pump of the fuel injection system.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Übersichtsdarstellung eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems 10 einer Brennkraftmaschine, das einen Kraftstoff 12 aus einem Tank 14 über eine Vorförderpumpe 16, eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 18 und einen Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 20 zu Injektoren 22 fördert, die den Kraftstoff 12 dann in Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine einspritzen. Fig. 1 shows a schematic overview of a fuel injection system 10 of an internal combustion engine, which delivers a fuel 12 from a tank 14 via a pre-feed pump 16, a high-pressure fuel pump 18 and a high-pressure fuel reservoir 20 to injectors 22, which then inject the fuel 12 into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.

Der Kraftstoff 12 wird über ein Einlassventil 24 in die Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 18 eingebracht, über ein Auslassventil 26 druckbeaufschlagt aus der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 18 herausgelassen, und dann dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 20 zugeführt. An dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 20 ist ein Druckregelventil 28 angeordnet, um den Druck des Kraftstoffes 12 in dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 20 regeln zu können.The fuel 12 is introduced into the high-pressure fuel pump 18 via an inlet valve 24, released from the high-pressure fuel pump 18 under pressure via an outlet valve 26, and then fed to the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20. A pressure regulating valve 28 is arranged on the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20 in order to be able to regulate the pressure of the fuel 12 in the high-pressure fuel reservoir 20.

Sowohl das Einlassventil 24, als auch das Auslassventil 26, als auch das Druckregelventil 28 können als elektromagnetische Schaltventile 30 ausgebildet sein und daher aktiv betrieben werden.Both the inlet valve 24 and the outlet valve 26 and also the pressure regulating valve 28 can be designed as electromagnetic switching valves 30 and can therefore be actively operated.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Längsschnittdarstellung eines solchen elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles 30, das als Einlassventil 24 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of such an electromagnetic switching valve 30, which is designed as an inlet valve 24.

Das elektromagnetische Schaltventil 30 ist in einer Gehäusebohrung 32 eines Gehäuses 34 der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 18 aus Fig. 1 angeordnet. Das elektromagnetische Schaltventil 30 weist einen Ventilbereich 36 und einen Aktuatorbereich 38 auf, wobei der Aktuatorbereich 38 ein feststehendes Polstück 40 und einen entlang einer Bewegungsachse 42 beweglichen Anker 44 aufweist. Der Ventilbereich 36 umfasst einen Ventilsitz 46 und ein Schließelement 48, die zum Schließen des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles 30 zusammenwirken.The electromagnetic switching valve 30 is located in a housing bore 32 of a housing 34 of the high-pressure fuel pump 18 Fig. 1 arranged. The electromagnetic switching valve 30 has a valve area 36 and an actuator area 38, the actuator area 38 having a stationary pole piece 40 and an armature 44 movable along a movement axis 42. The valve region 36 comprises a valve seat 46 and a closing element 48, which cooperate to close the electromagnetic switching valve 30.

Das Polstück 40 und der Anker 44 sind gemeinsam in einer Hülse 50 aufgenommen, wobei dies jedoch nicht zwingend der Fall sein muss. Ein Solenoid 52 ist auf die Hülse 50 aufgeschoben und befindet sich somit um das Polstück 40 und den Anker 44 herum angeordnet in dem Aktuatorbereich 38.The pole piece 40 and the armature 44 are received together in a sleeve 50, although this need not necessarily be the case. A solenoid 52 is pushed onto the sleeve 50 and is thus arranged around the pole piece 40 and the armature 44 in the actuator region 38.

Der Anker 44 und das Polstück 40 sind direkt benachbart zueinander angeordnet, so dass eine Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 und eine Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 sich direkt gegenüber liegen.The armature 44 and the pole piece 40 are arranged directly adjacent to one another so that an armature approach surface 54 and a pole piece approach surface 56 are directly opposite one another.

Der Anker 44 ist mit einem Betätigungsstift 58 gekoppelt, der sich im Betrieb mit dem Anker 44 entlang der Bewegungsachse 42 bewegt. Je nach Schaltzustand und somit Position des Ankers 44 entlang der Bewegungsachse 42 drückt der Betätigungsstift 58 das Schließelement 48 von dem Ventilsitz 46 weg oder hat keinen Kontakt zu dem Schließelement 48, so dass dieses sich, wenn von der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Kraft wirkt, auf den Ventilsitz 46 zu bewegen und somit das Schaltventil 30 schließen kann. In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist das elektromagnetische Schaltventil 30 als stromlos offenes Schaltventil ausgebildet, es ist jedoch auch möglich, das elektromagnetische Schaltventil 30 als stromlos geschlossenes Schaltventil 30 auszubilden, wobei der Betätigungsstift 58 im Ausgangszustand keinen Kontakt zu dem Schließelement 48 hat.The armature 44 is coupled to an actuation pin 58 which, during operation, moves with the armature 44 along the axis of movement 42. Depending on the switching state and thus the position of the armature 44 along the axis of movement 42, the actuating pin 58 pushes the closing element 48 away from the valve seat 46 or has no contact with it the closing element 48, so that when a force acts from the opposite side, it can move onto the valve seat 46 and thus close the switching valve 30. In the in Fig. 2 The embodiment shown, the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is designed as a normally open switching valve, but it is also possible to design the electromagnetic switching valve 30 as a normally closed switching valve 30, wherein the actuating pin 58 has no contact with the closing element 48 in the initial state.

Im bestromten Zustand des elektromagnetischen Schaltventiles 30 erzeugt der Solenoid 52 ein Magnetfeld in dem elektromagnetischen Schaltventil 30, was in einer magnetischen Anziehungskraft FAN zwischen Polstück 40 und Anker 44 resultiert. Dadurch wird der Anker 44 mit seiner Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 in Richtung auf die Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 des Polstückes 40 gezogen. Dabei nimmt der Anker 44 den Betätigungsstift 58 mit, so dass dieser den Kontakt mit dem Schließelement 48 verliert, und das Schließelement 48 so auf den Ventilsitz 46 zurückkehren kann.When the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is energized, the solenoid 52 generates a magnetic field in the electromagnetic switching valve 30, which results in a magnetic force of attraction F AN between the pole piece 40 and the armature 44. As a result, the armature 44 is pulled with its pole piece approach surface 56 in the direction of the armature approach surface 54 of the pole piece 40. The armature 44 takes the actuating pin 58 with it, so that it loses contact with the closing element 48 and the closing element 48 can thus return to the valve seat 46.

Wie in Fig. 2 zu sehen ist, weist der Anker 44 einen Ankermagneten 60 auf und das Polstück 40 weist einen Polstückmagneten 62 auf. Der Ankermagnet 60 und der Polstückmagnet 62 sind dabei so angeordnet, dass im Betrieb eine magnetische Abstoßungskraft FAB zwischen ihnen wirkt.As in Fig. 2 As can be seen, the armature 44 has an armature magnet 60 and the pole piece 40 has a pole piece magnet 62. The armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are arranged in such a way that a magnetic repulsive force F AB acts between them during operation.

In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind der Ankermagnet 60 und der Polstückmagnet 62 beide als Permanentmagneten ausgebildet. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, beide Magneten 60, 62, oder auch nur einen einzelnen davon, als Elektromagneten vorzusehen, der bei Bedarf geschaltet wird. Die Pole von Ankermagnet 60 und Polstückmagnet 62 sind dabei gleichpolig zueinander hin gerichtet, so dass die magnetische Abstoßungskraft FAB wirken kann. Die magnetische Abstoßungskraft FAB wirkt dabei genau entgegengesetzt zu der magnetischen Anziehungskraft FAN, die durch den Solenoiden 52 zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 induziert wird.In the in Fig. 2 The embodiment shown, the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are both designed as permanent magnets. However, it is also possible to provide both magnets 60, 62, or even just a single one of them, as electromagnets which are switched when required. The poles of armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 are directed towards one another with the same polarity, so that the magnetic repulsive force F AB can act. The magnetic repulsive force F AB acts in exactly the opposite way to the magnetic attraction F AN induced by the solenoid 52 between armature 44 and pole piece 40.

Der Solenoid 52 ist dabei so ausgelegt, dass er, wenn er angeschaltet ist, in dem Aktuatorbereich 38 im Ausgangszustand eine magnetische Anziehungskraft FAN erzeugen kann, die die magnetische Abstoßungskraft FAB zwischen den beiden Magneten 60, 62 überdrücken kann.The solenoid 52 is designed so that, when it is switched on, it can generate a magnetic attractive force F AN in the actuator area 38 in the initial state, which can suppress the magnetic repulsive force F AB between the two magnets 60, 62.

Solenoid 52, Ankermagnet 60 und Polstückmagnet 62 sind jedoch auch so ausgelegt, dass sich trotz der wirkenden magnetischen Anziehungskraft FAN durch den Solenoiden 52 Anker 44 und Polstück 40 nicht berühren können. Dazu wird die magnetische Abstoßungskraft FAB zwischen Ankermagnet 60 und Polstückmagnet 62 bei sich verkleinerndem Abstand zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 so groß, dass der Solenoid 52 die Abstoßungskraft FAB mit seiner resultierenden Anziehungskraft FAN nicht mehr überdrücken kann.However, solenoid 52, armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 are also designed in such a way that armature 44 and pole piece 40 cannot come into contact with one another despite the acting magnetic attraction force F AN from solenoid 52. For this purpose, the magnetic repulsive force F AB between armature magnet 60 and pole piece magnet 62 becomes so great as the distance between armature 44 and pole piece 40 decreases that the solenoid 52 can no longer override the repulsive force F AB with its resulting attractive force F AN.

Dadurch wird verhindert, dass es zu einem Kontakt zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 kommt. Es wird also grundsätzlich der Kontakt zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 verhindert. Dies hat einerseits zur Folge, dass die Geräuschemission, die normalerweise beim Schalten des Schaltventiles 30 auftritt, signifikant reduziert werden kann, was insgesamt in einer verbesserten Akustik des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems 10 resultiert.This prevents contact between armature 44 and pole piece 40 from occurring. In principle, contact between armature 44 and pole piece 40 is prevented. On the one hand, this has the consequence that the noise emission that normally occurs when switching the switching valve 30 can be significantly reduced, which overall results in improved acoustics of the fuel injection system 10.

Da es keinen Kontakt zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 mehr gibt, besteht auch kein Risiko, dass die beiden Elemente aneinander anhaften. Dadurch kann eine üblicherweise vorgesehene Chromschicht bzw. ein Trennplättchen an Anker 44 bzw. Polstück 40 eingespart werden.Since there is no longer any contact between armature 44 and pole piece 40, there is also no risk of the two elements sticking to one another. As a result, a usually provided chrome layer or a separating plate on armature 44 or pole piece 40 can be saved.

Sind zusätzlich der Ankermagnet 60 und der Polstückmagnet 62 in ihrer Abstoßungskraft FAB so ausgelegt, dass dadurch das Schaltventil 30 in einem unbestromten Zustand, d. h. bei ausgeschaltetem Solenoiden 52, offen gehalten werden kann, kann sogar auf die bisher vorgesehene Rückstellfeder zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 verzichtet werden. Diese Rückstellfeder kann aber auch optional weiterhin zwischen Anker 44 und Polstück 40 angeordnet sein, je nach Auslegung der resultierenden magnetischen Abstoßungskraft FAB.If the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are also designed in terms of their repulsive force F AB so that the switching valve 30 can be kept open in a de-energized state, that is to say when the solenoid 52 is switched off, the previously provided return spring between armature 44 and pole piece 40 can even be dispensed with. However, this return spring can also optionally continue to be arranged between armature 44 and pole piece 40, depending on the design of the resulting magnetic repulsive force F AB .

In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform weist der Anker 44 eine Ankerausnehmung 64 und das Polstück 40 eine Polstückausnehmung 66 auf, wobei der Ankermagnet 60 in der Ankerausnehmung 64 angeordnet ist, und wobei der Polstückmagnet 62 in der Polstückausnehmung 66 angeordnet ist.In the in Fig. 2 In the embodiment shown, the armature 44 has an armature recess 64 and the pole piece 40 has a pole piece recess 66, the armature magnet 60 being arranged in the armature recess 64, and the pole piece magnet 62 being arranged in the pole piece recess 66.

Dabei sind die Magneten 60, 62 in ihrer jeweiligen Ausnehmung 64, 66 so angeordnet, dass sie jeweils bündig mit der jeweiligen Fläche von Anker 44 und Polstück 40 abschließen. D. h., der Ankermagnet 60 ist so in der Ankerausnehmung 64 angeordnet, das er eine bündige Ankerfläche 68 mit der Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 bildet, und der Polstückmagnet 62 ist so in der Polstückausnehmung 66 angeordnet, dass er eine bündige Polstückfläche 70 mit der Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 bildet.The magnets 60, 62 are arranged in their respective recesses 64, 66 in such a way that they each end flush with the respective surface of armature 44 and pole piece 40. That is, the armature magnet 60 is arranged in the armature recess 64 in such a way that it forms a flush armature surface 68 with the pole piece approach surface 56, and the pole piece magnet 62 is arranged in the pole piece recess 66 so that it has a flush pole piece surface 70 with the armature approach surface 54 forms.

Alternativ ist es auch möglich, die Magnete 60, 62 mit einem jeweiligen Überstand in ihrer Ausnehmung 64, 66 anzuordnen.Alternatively, it is also possible to arrange the magnets 60, 62 with a respective protrusion in their recess 64, 66.

Statt die Magneten 60, 62 in einer jeweiligen Ausnehmung 64, 66 unterzubringen, ist es auch denkbar, dass der Ankermagnet 60 lediglich an der Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 aufgesetzt befestigt ist bzw. dass der Polstückmagnet 62 an der Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 aufgesetzt befestigt ist. Dabei ist denkbar, dass die Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 durch eine Polstückmagnetfläche 72 des Polstückmagneten 62 gebildet wird bzw. dass die Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 durch eine Ankermagnetfläche 74 des Ankermagneten 60 gebildet wird. D. h. die Magneten 60, 62 bedecken dann die Polstückannäherungsfläche 56 bzw. die Ankerannäherungsfläche 54 vollständig.Instead of accommodating the magnets 60, 62 in a respective recess 64, 66, it is also conceivable that the armature magnet 60 is merely attached to the pole piece approach surface 56 or that the pole piece magnet 62 is attached to the armature approach surface 54. It is conceivable that the armature approach surface 54 is formed by a pole piece magnetic surface 72 of the pole piece magnet 62 or that the pole piece approach surface 56 is formed by an armature magnetic surface 74 of the Armature magnet 60 is formed. I. E. the magnets 60, 62 then completely cover the pole piece approach surface 56 and the armature approach surface 54, respectively.

Beispielsweise ist dies möglich, wenn der Ankermagnet 60 bzw. der Polstückmagnet 62 jeweils als ringförmiger Magnet ausgebildet sind.For example, this is possible if the armature magnet 60 and the pole piece magnet 62 are each designed as an annular magnet.

Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass Ankermagnet 60 bzw. Polstückmagnet 62 andere Formen aufweisen, und dass auch statt eines einzelnen Magneten mehrere Einzelteile vorgesehen werden können.However, it is also conceivable that armature magnet 60 or pole piece magnet 62 have other shapes, and that several individual parts can also be provided instead of a single magnet.

Claims (7)

  1. Electromagnetic switching valves (30) for a fuel injection system (10) of an internal combustion engine, having:
    - a valve region (36) with a closing element (48) and with a valve seat (46), which interact for the purposes of closing the switching valve (30);
    - an actuator region (38) for moving the closing element (48) with an actuator force along a movement axis (42) ;
    wherein the actuator region (38) has a fixed pole piece (40) and an armature (44) which is movable along the movement axis (42) and which is coupled to the closing element (48) for the purposes of moving the closing element (48) and which, during operation, moves along the movement axis (42) towards the pole piece (40), wherein the armature (44) has an armature magnet (60), and wherein the pole piece (40) has a pole piece magnet (62), wherein the armature magnet (60) and the pole piece magnet (62) are arranged such that a magnetic repelling force (FAB) acts between them during operation, wherein the actuator region (38) has a solenoid (52) for generating a magnetic attracting force (FAN) between armature (44) and pole piece (40), wherein the solenoid (52) is configured such that the attracting force (FAN) generated during operation overpowers the magnetic repelling force (FAB) that acts owing to armature magnet (60) and pole piece magnet (62), and wherein
    the armature magnet (60) and the pole piece magnet (62) are configured such that, as armature (44) and pole piece (40) approach one another, the magnetic repelling force (FAB) exceeds the attracting force (FAN) before the armature (44) and the pole piece (40) make contact.
  2. Electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the armature (44) has a pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and the pole piece (40) has an armature-approaching surface (54), which pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and armature-approaching surface (54) are directed towards one another, wherein the armature magnet (60) is fastened to the pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and the pole piece magnet (62) is fastened to the armature-approaching surface (54).
  3. Electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to Claim 2, characterized in that an armature magnet surface (74) forms the pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and/or in that a pole piece magnet surface (72) forms the armature-approaching surface (54).
  4. Electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the armature (44) has a pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and the pole piece (40) has an armature-approaching surface (54), which pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and armature-approaching surface (54) are directed towards one another, wherein the armature (44) has an armature recess (64) and the pole piece (40) has a pole piece recess (66), wherein the armature magnet (60) is arranged in the armature recess (64) and the pole piece magnet (62) is arranged in the pole piece recess (66).
  5. Electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the armature magnet (60) is arranged in the armature recess (64) so as to form a flush armature surface (68) with the pole-piece-approaching surface (56) and/or in that the pole piece magnet (62) is arranged in the pole piece recess (66) so as to form a flush pole piece surface (70) with the armature-approaching surface (54).
  6. Electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the armature magnet (60) and/or the pole piece magnet (62) are formed as annular magnets.
  7. High-pressure fuel pump (18) for a fuel injection system (10) of an internal combustion engine, having an electromagnetic switching valve (30) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6.
EP17155946.1A 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Electromagnetic switching valve and high-pressure fuel pump Active EP3361085B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17155946.1A EP3361085B1 (en) 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Electromagnetic switching valve and high-pressure fuel pump

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17155946.1A EP3361085B1 (en) 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Electromagnetic switching valve and high-pressure fuel pump

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EP3361085A1 EP3361085A1 (en) 2018-08-15
EP3361085B1 true EP3361085B1 (en) 2021-09-01

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020003127B3 (en) 2020-05-25 2021-09-16 Daimler Ag Injector for an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, and an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60204956A (en) * 1984-03-27 1985-10-16 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Solenoid type fuel injection valve
DE3704542A1 (en) * 1987-02-13 1988-08-25 Vdo Schindling Fuel injection valve
EP2863042B1 (en) * 2013-10-15 2016-06-22 Continental Automotive GmbH Injection valve

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