EP3354845A1 - Machine driven by means of compressed air - Google Patents

Machine driven by means of compressed air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3354845A1
EP3354845A1 EP18000079.6A EP18000079A EP3354845A1 EP 3354845 A1 EP3354845 A1 EP 3354845A1 EP 18000079 A EP18000079 A EP 18000079A EP 3354845 A1 EP3354845 A1 EP 3354845A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pneumatic
machine according
cylinder
compressed air
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EP18000079.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3354845B1 (en
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Staude Eckhard
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B29/00Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
    • F01B29/04Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups characterised by means for converting from one type to a different one
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02Engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B25/00Regulating, controlling, or safety means
    • F01B25/02Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
    • F02B77/087Safety, indicating, or supervising devices determining top dead centre or ignition-timing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine drivable by compressed air, comprising a piston movable in a cylinder, with a crankshaft and with a connecting rod for transmitting a linear movement of the piston to the crankshaft.
  • Such machines are particularly environmentally friendly, because no harmful exhaust gases arise. Compressed air can be easily manufactured and kept in stock.
  • Such as air motor designated machine is for example from the EP 1 082 550 B1 known.
  • the piston controls a control valve disposed in a cylinder head.
  • the valve is opened and compressed air flows into a space between the piston and the cylinder head. This compressed air moves the piston in the direction of bottom dead center.
  • the cylinder has a vent opening through which air flows out of the cylinder. Subsequently, the piston is moved, for example by means of a flywheel on the crankshaft back toward top dead center.
  • the invention is based on the problem to further develop a machine of the type mentioned that existing machines can be retrofitted easily with a pneumatic drive and that the machine has a high efficiency.
  • a pneumatic cylinder can be acted upon with compressed air is arranged with a pneumatic piston arranged therein above the piston and that the pneumatic piston is connected to the piston via a force transmission member.
  • existing internal combustion engines can be easily converted to drive with compressed air.
  • the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is replaced by the pneumatic cylinder with the pneumatic piston and driven the existing piston via the power transmission member.
  • the compressed air flowing into the pneumatic cylinder can be controlled easily via a control valve. This also makes the regulation of the performance of the machine very easy.
  • the engine has a high efficiency, because a compression of air in the cylinder is avoided.
  • the machine can also be cooled by means of outgoing compressed air, so that no further cooling is required.
  • pneumatic cylinders are used, which are lubricated for life. Thanks to the invention, existing piston engines, such as petrol or diesel engines, can be easily retrofitted with the compressed air drive.
  • Tensile and compressive forces can be particularly easily transmitted from the pneumatic piston to the piston according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the power transmission member is designed as a pull and push rod.
  • the pneumatic piston has a protruding from the pneumatic cylinder piston rod.
  • the piston rod can be structurally very easily bolted to the piston.
  • the supply of compressed air at a scheduled time in the pneumatic cylinder designed according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention is particularly simple when a control valve is arranged in front of the pneumatic cylinder and when the control valve is connected to a position of the piston detecting switching device.
  • the control device can generate a control signal as a function of the position of the piston, which opens the control valve and releases the compressed air into the pneumatic cylinder.
  • the synchronization of the movements of the piston and the drive of the pneumatic piston designed according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention is particularly simple if the switching device has a rotation body driven by the crankshaft.
  • the rotation body is a disk.
  • a particularly accurate electrical control of the control valve can be achieved easily according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the switching device has a disposed on the rotary body magnet and a front of the rotary body arranged Hall sensor and when the control valve is electrically switched by signals of the Hall sensor.
  • This design makes it possible to use an electrically switchable control valve.
  • Such control valves are standardized components and work, for example, with a supply voltage of 24V.
  • the machine is according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention structurally particularly simple when an actuator for power control is connected to a front of the pneumatic cylinder arranged pressure regulator.
  • an actuator for power control with the switching device for adjusting a time and / or the duration of the pressurization of the pneumatic cylinder is connected.
  • the regulation of the performance of the machine thus enables, especially in the partial load range, an economical consumption of compressed air.
  • the power control is combined on the pressure regulator and the switching device.
  • the power control of the machine designed in accordance with another advantageous embodiment of the invention structurally particularly simple if the position of the Hall sensors relative to the rotary body in its direction of rotation is adjustable.
  • a multi-cylinder engine can be easily produced according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when a plurality of pneumatic cylinders arranged on individual cylinders and their pneumatic pistons are connected to individual pistons.
  • a multi-cylinder engine can be controlled particularly easily if pneumatic pistons connected to parallel movable pistons are connected to a common control valve.
  • FIG. 1 shows a driven by compressed air from a compressed air storage machine.
  • the engine 2 has a crankshaft 3 with four pistons 5 connected thereto via a connecting rod 4.
  • the pistons 5 are each guided in a cylinder 6.
  • Above the cylinder 6 four mounted on a plate-shaped carrier 7 pneumatic cylinder 8 are arranged.
  • the carrier 7 may be, for example, an aluminum plate.
  • each pneumatic piston 9 are guided displaceably.
  • the pneumatic piston and the pistons are connected to one another via a force transmission member 10 in the form of a pull and push rod.
  • the compressed air reservoir 1 is connected via a compressed air line 11 with the pneumatic cylinders 8 connected.
  • a controllable pressure regulator 12 and two electrically controllable, designed as 3/2 way valves control valves 13 are arranged.
  • a rotating body 14, designed as a disk, of a switching device 15 can be actuated.
  • two Hall sensors 16 are arranged before the rotary body 14.
  • At least one magnet 17 is arranged on the rotary body 14.
  • the machine 2 has an actuator 18 for power control.
  • the control valve 13 for controlling the pneumatic cylinder 8 of the two outer pistons 5 is in a switching position in which compressed air from the compressed air reservoir 1 can flow into the pneumatic cylinder 8.
  • the control valve 13 of the pneumatic cylinder 8 for the two inner pistons 5 is in a switching position in which the pneumatic cylinders 8 are connected to the environment and thus air can be removed from the pneumatic cylinder 8 during the movement of the piston 5 to top dead center.
  • single-acting pneumatic cylinder 8 are shown.
  • double-acting pneumatic cylinders can be used.
  • Tensile forces can be transmitted to the pistons 5 via the force transmission member 10 by means of such double-acting pneumatic cylinders.
  • FIG. 2 shows enlarged the switching device of the machine 2 with the rotary body 14 from FIG. 1 , It can be seen that a single magnet 17 on the rotary body 14 is arranged. When moving past the Hall sensors 16, these generate a signal which corresponds to a defined position of the two outer or the two inner pistons 5. This signal is the actuator 18 from FIG. 1 supplied, which drives the control valves 13.
  • the corresponding pneumatic cylinders 8 are acted upon by compressed air, the opposing pistons 5 are about a 1/4 turn after top dead center.
  • the timing of the application of the pneumatic cylinder 8 with compressed air closer to the top dead center of the associated piston 5 out.
  • the engine 2 may also have a known from internal combustion engines of motor vehicles starter motor for driving the crankshaft 3.
  • This starter motor can rotate the crankshaft 3 until the Hall sensors 16 provide a signal and the pneumatic cylinders 8 are pressurized with compressed air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Eine mittels Druckluft antreibbare Maschine (2) hat einen mit Druckluft beaufschlagbaren Pneumatikzylinder (8) mit einem darin angeordneten Pneumatikkolben (9). Der Pneumatikkolben (9) ist über ein Kraftübertragungsglied (10) mit einem in einem Zylinder (6) geführten und mit einer Kurbelwelle (3) verbundenen Kolben (5) verbunden. Hierdurch lassen sich Teile vorhandener Brennkraftmaschinen verwenden und Zugkräfte auf den Kolben (5) übertragen.A drivable by compressed air machine (2) has a pressurizable pneumatic air cylinder (8) with a pneumatic piston arranged therein (9). The pneumatic piston (9) is connected via a force transmission member (10) to a piston (5) guided in a cylinder (6) and connected to a crankshaft (3). As a result, parts of existing internal combustion engines can be used and tensile forces transmitted to the piston (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine mittels Druckluft antreibbare Maschine, mit einem in einem Zylinder beweglichen Kolben, mit einer Kurbelwelle und mit einem Pleuel zur Übertragung einer linearen Bewegung des Kolbens auf die Kurbelwelle.The invention relates to a machine drivable by compressed air, comprising a piston movable in a cylinder, with a crankshaft and with a connecting rod for transmitting a linear movement of the piston to the crankshaft.

Solche Maschinen sind besonders umweltfreundlich, weil keine schädlichen Abgase entstehen. Druckluft lässt sich einfach herstellen und vorrätig halten.Such machines are particularly environmentally friendly, because no harmful exhaust gases arise. Compressed air can be easily manufactured and kept in stock.

Eine solche auch als Druckluftmotor bezeichnete Maschine ist beispielsweise aus der EP 1 082 550 B1 bekannt. Bei dieser Maschine steuert der Kolben ein in einem Zylinderkopf angeordnetes Steuerventil. Bewegt sich der Kolben zu einem oberen Totpunkt, wird das Ventil geöffnet und Druckluft strömt in einen Raum zwischen Kolben und Zylinderkopf ein. Diese Druckluft verschiebt den Kolben in Richtung unteren Totpunkt. Am unteren Totpunkt hat der Zylinder eine Ablassöffnung, durch die Luft aus dem Zylinder abströmt. Anschließend wird der Kolben beispielsweise mittels einer Schwungmasse an der Kurbelwelle wieder in Richtung oberen Totpunkt bewegt.Such as air motor designated machine is for example from the EP 1 082 550 B1 known. In this engine, the piston controls a control valve disposed in a cylinder head. When the piston moves to a top dead center, the valve is opened and compressed air flows into a space between the piston and the cylinder head. This compressed air moves the piston in the direction of bottom dead center. At bottom dead center, the cylinder has a vent opening through which air flows out of the cylinder. Subsequently, the piston is moved, for example by means of a flywheel on the crankshaft back toward top dead center.

Nachteilig bei der bekannten Maschine ist jedoch, dass der Wirkungsgrad sehr begrenzt ist. Beispielsweise wird innerhalb des Zylinders befindliche Luft bei der Bewegung vom unteren zum oberen Totpunkt komprimiert. Zudem ist die Steuerung der Druckluft in den Zylinder sehr unflexibel.A disadvantage of the known machine, however, that the efficiency is very limited. For example, air inside the cylinder is compressed as it moves from bottom to top dead center. In addition, the control of the compressed air in the cylinder is very inflexible.

Aus der DD 144 432 ist ein Druckluftmotor bekannt geworden, bei dem ein Kolbenschieberventil parallel zu einem Hubkolben angeordnet ist. Ein Schieber wird gegen Ende jedes Hubes des Hubkolbens mittels einer Schnappvorrichtung umgestellt.From the DD 144 432 An air motor has become known in which a piston valve is arranged parallel to a piston. A slider is changed over towards the end of each stroke of the reciprocating piston by means of a snap device.

Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Maschine der eingangs genannten Art so weiter zu bilden, dass vorhandene Maschinen einfach mit einem Druckluftantrieb nachrüstbar sind und dass die Maschine einen hohen Wirkungsgrad aufweist.The invention is based on the problem to further develop a machine of the type mentioned that existing machines can be retrofitted easily with a pneumatic drive and that the machine has a high efficiency.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass ein mit Druckluft beaufschlagbarer Pneumatikzylinder mit einem darin angeordneten Pneumatikkolben oberhalb des Kolbens angeordnet ist und dass der Pneumatikkolben mit dem Kolben über ein Kraftübertragungsglied verbunden ist.This problem is inventively solved in that a pneumatic cylinder can be acted upon with compressed air is arranged with a pneumatic piston arranged therein above the piston and that the pneumatic piston is connected to the piston via a force transmission member.

Durch diese Gestaltung lassen sich vorhandene Brennkraftmaschinen einfach zum Antrieb mit Druckluft umrüsten. Hierzu wird der Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine durch den Pneumatikzylinder mit dem Pneumatikkolben ersetzt und der vorhandene Kolben über das Kraftübertragungsglied angetrieben. Die in den Pneumatikzylinder einströmende Druckluft lässt sich über ein Steuerventil einfach regeln. Damit gestaltet sich auch die Regelung der Leistung der Maschine sehr einfach. Weiterhin weist die Maschine einen hohen Wirkungsgrad auf, weil eine Komprimierung von Luft in dem Zylinder vermieden wird. Die Maschine lässt sich zudem mittels abströmender Druckluft kühlen, so dass keine weitere Kühlung erforderlich ist. Vorzugsweise werden Pneumatikzylinder eingesetzt, welche auf Lebenszeit geschmiert sind. Dank der Erfindung lassen sich vorhandene Kolbenmaschinen, wie Otto - oder Dieselmotoren, einfach mit dem Druckluftantrieb nachrüsten.By this design, existing internal combustion engines can be easily converted to drive with compressed air. For this purpose, the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is replaced by the pneumatic cylinder with the pneumatic piston and driven the existing piston via the power transmission member. The compressed air flowing into the pneumatic cylinder can be controlled easily via a control valve. This also makes the regulation of the performance of the machine very easy. Furthermore, the engine has a high efficiency, because a compression of air in the cylinder is avoided. The machine can also be cooled by means of outgoing compressed air, so that no further cooling is required. Preferably, pneumatic cylinders are used, which are lubricated for life. Thanks to the invention, existing piston engines, such as petrol or diesel engines, can be easily retrofitted with the compressed air drive.

Toleranzen zwischen dem Zylinder und dem Pneumatikzylinder lassen sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung einfach ausgleichen, wenn der Pneumatikzylinder einen größeren Hub hat als der Zylinder. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass der Pneumatikkolben den von der Kurbelwelle bestimmten Bewegungsbereich des Kolbens vollständig ausführen kann.Tolerances between the cylinder and the pneumatic cylinder can be easily compensated according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the pneumatic cylinder has a larger stroke than the cylinder. This ensures that the pneumatic piston can completely execute the movement range of the piston determined by the crankshaft.

Zug- und Druckkräfte lassen sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung besonders einfach von dem Pneumatikkolben auf den Kolben übertragen, wenn das Kraftübertragungsglied als Zug- und Druckstange ausgebildet ist. Im einfachsten Fall hat der Pneumatikkolben eine aus dem Pneumatikzylinder herausragende Kolbenstange. Die Kolbenstange kann konstruktiv besonders einfach mit dem Kolben verschraubt werden.Tensile and compressive forces can be particularly easily transmitted from the pneumatic piston to the piston according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the power transmission member is designed as a pull and push rod. In the simplest case, the pneumatic piston has a protruding from the pneumatic cylinder piston rod. The piston rod can be structurally very easily bolted to the piston.

Die Zuführung der Druckluft zu einem vorgesehenen Zeitpunkt in den Pneumatikzylinder gestaltet sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung besonders einfach, wenn vor dem Pneumatikzylinder ein Steuerventil angeordnet ist und wenn das Steuerventil mit einer die Stellung des Kolbens erfassenden Schalteinrichtung verbunden ist. Durch diese Gestaltung kann die Steuereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung des Kolbens ein Steuersignal erzeugen, welches das Steuerventil öffnet und die Druckluft in den Pneumatikzylinder freigibt.The supply of compressed air at a scheduled time in the pneumatic cylinder designed according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention is particularly simple when a control valve is arranged in front of the pneumatic cylinder and when the control valve is connected to a position of the piston detecting switching device. As a result of this configuration, the control device can generate a control signal as a function of the position of the piston, which opens the control valve and releases the compressed air into the pneumatic cylinder.

Die Synchronisation der Bewegungen des Kolbens und des Antriebs der Pneumatikkolben gestaltet sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung besonders einfach, wenn die Schalteinrichtung einen von der Kurbelwelle angetriebenen Rotationskörper hat. Im einfachsten Fall ist der Rotationskörper eine Scheibe.The synchronization of the movements of the piston and the drive of the pneumatic piston designed according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention is particularly simple if the switching device has a rotation body driven by the crankshaft. In the simplest case, the rotation body is a disk.

Eine besonders genaue elektrische Ansteuerung des Steuerventils lässt sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung einfach erreichen, wenn die Schalteinrichtung einen auf dem Rotationskörper angeordneten Magnet und einen vor dem Rotationskörper angeordneten Hallsensor hat und wenn das Steuerventil elektrisch von Signalen des Hallsensors schaltbar ist. Durch diese Gestaltung lässt sich ein elektrisch schaltbares Steuerventil einsetzen. Solche Steuerventile sind standardisierte Bauteile und arbeiten beispielsweise mit einer Versorgungsspannung von 24V.A particularly accurate electrical control of the control valve can be achieved easily according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the switching device has a disposed on the rotary body magnet and a front of the rotary body arranged Hall sensor and when the control valve is electrically switched by signals of the Hall sensor. This design makes it possible to use an electrically switchable control valve. Such control valves are standardized components and work, for example, with a supply voltage of 24V.

Die Maschine gestaltet sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung konstruktiv besonders einfach, wenn ein Stellglied zur Leistungsregelung mit einem vor dem Pneumatikzylinder angeordneten Druckregler verbunden ist.The machine is according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention structurally particularly simple when an actuator for power control is connected to a front of the pneumatic cylinder arranged pressure regulator.

Zur Vereinfachung der Regelung der Maschine trägt es gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung bei, wenn ein Stellglied zur Leistungsregelung mit der Schalteinrichtung zur Verstellung eines Zeitpunktes und/oder der Zeitdauer der Druckbeaufschlagung des Pneumatikzylinders verbunden ist. Die Regelung der Leistung der Maschine ermöglicht hierdurch insbesondere im Teillastbereich einen sparsamen Verbrauch von Druckluft. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Leistungsregelung kombiniert an dem Druckregler und an der Schalteinrichtung.To simplify the control of the machine, it contributes according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when an actuator for power control with the switching device for adjusting a time and / or the duration of the pressurization of the pneumatic cylinder is connected. The regulation of the performance of the machine thus enables, especially in the partial load range, an economical consumption of compressed air. Preferably, the power control is combined on the pressure regulator and the switching device.

Die Leistungsregelung der Maschine gestaltet sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung konstruktiv besonders einfach, wenn die Position der Hallsensoren gegenüber dem Rotationskörper in dessen Drehrichtung verstellbar ist.The power control of the machine designed in accordance with another advantageous embodiment of the invention structurally particularly simple if the position of the Hall sensors relative to the rotary body in its direction of rotation is adjustable.

Ein Mehrzylindermotor lässt sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung einfach erzeugen, wenn mehrere Pneumatikzylinder über einzelnen Zylindern angeordnet und deren Pneumatikkolben mit einzelnen Kolben verbunden sind.A multi-cylinder engine can be easily produced according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, when a plurality of pneumatic cylinders arranged on individual cylinders and their pneumatic pistons are connected to individual pistons.

Eine Mehrzylindermaschine lässt sich gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung besonders einfach ansteuern, wenn mit parallel beweglichen Kolben verbundene Pneumatikkolben mit einem gemeinsamen Steuerventil verbunden sind.According to another advantageous development of the invention, a multi-cylinder engine can be controlled particularly easily if pneumatic pistons connected to parallel movable pistons are connected to a common control valve.

Die Erfindung lässt zahlreiche Ausführungsformen zu. Zur weiteren Verdeutlichung ihres Grundprinzips ist eine davon in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Diese zeigt in

Fig.1
schematisch eine mittels Druckluft antreibbare Maschine,
Fig.2
eine Ansicht auf eine Schalteinrichtung zur Steuerung der Maschine aus Figur 1.
The invention allows numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and will be described below. This shows in
Fig.1
schematically a machine drivable by compressed air,
Fig.2
a view of a switching device for controlling the machine FIG. 1 ,

Figur 1 zeigt eine mittels Druckluft aus einem Druckluftspeicher antreibbare Maschine. Die Maschine 2 hat eine Kurbelwelle 3 mit vier daran über Pleuel 4 angebundene Kolben 5. Die Kolben 5 sind jeweils in einem Zylinder 6 geführt. Oberhalb der Zylinder 6 sind vier auf einem plattenförmigen Träger 7 befestigte Pneumatikzylinder 8 angeordnet. Bei dem Träger 7 kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Aluminiumplatte handeln. In den Pneumatikzylindern sind jeweils Pneumatikkolben 9 verschieblich geführt. Die Pneumatikkolben und die Kolben sind über ein als Zug- und Druckstange ausgebildetes Kraftübertragungsglied 10 miteinander verbunden. Der Druckluftspeicher 1 ist über eine Druckluftleitung 11 mit den Pneumatikzylindern 8 verbunden. Innerhalb der Druckluftleitung 11 sind ein ansteuerbarer Druckregler 12 und zwei elektrisch ansteuerbare, als 3/2 Wege Ventile ausgebildete Steuerventile 13 angeordnet. Von der Kurbelwelle 3 ist ein als Scheibe ausgebildeter Rotationskörper 14 einer Schalteinrichtung 15 ansteuerbar. Vor dem Rotationskörper 14 sind zwei Hallsensoren 16 angeordnet. Auf dem Rotationskörper 14 ist zumindest ein Magnet 17 angeordnet. Die Maschine 2 hat ein Stellglied 18 zur Leistungsregelung. FIG. 1 shows a driven by compressed air from a compressed air storage machine. The engine 2 has a crankshaft 3 with four pistons 5 connected thereto via a connecting rod 4. The pistons 5 are each guided in a cylinder 6. Above the cylinder 6 four mounted on a plate-shaped carrier 7 pneumatic cylinder 8 are arranged. The carrier 7 may be, for example, an aluminum plate. In the pneumatic cylinders each pneumatic piston 9 are guided displaceably. The pneumatic piston and the pistons are connected to one another via a force transmission member 10 in the form of a pull and push rod. The compressed air reservoir 1 is connected via a compressed air line 11 with the pneumatic cylinders 8 connected. Within the compressed air line 11, a controllable pressure regulator 12 and two electrically controllable, designed as 3/2 way valves control valves 13 are arranged. From the crankshaft 3, a rotating body 14, designed as a disk, of a switching device 15 can be actuated. Before the rotary body 14, two Hall sensors 16 are arranged. At least one magnet 17 is arranged on the rotary body 14. The machine 2 has an actuator 18 for power control.

In der dargestellten Stellung befinden sich die beiden mittleren Kolben 5 am unteren Totpunkt und die beiden äußeren Kolben 5 am oberen Totpunkt. Das Steuerventil 13 zur Steuerung der Pneumatikzylinder 8 der beiden äußeren Kolben 5 befindet sich in einer Schaltstellung, in der Druckluft aus dem Druckluftspeicher 1 in die Pneumatikzylinder 8 einströmen kann. Damit werden die beiden äußeren Kolben 5 von der Druckluft nach unten zum unteren Totpunkt bewegt. Das Steuerventil 13 der Pneumatikzylinder 8 für die beiden inneren Kolben 5 befindet sich in einer Schaltstellung, in der die Pneumatikzylinder 8 mit der Umgebung verbunden sind und damit bei der Bewegung der Kolben 5 zum oberen Totpunkt hin Luft aus den Pneumatikzylinder 8 abgeführt werden kann.In the illustrated position, the two central piston 5 are at the bottom dead center and the two outer piston 5 at top dead center. The control valve 13 for controlling the pneumatic cylinder 8 of the two outer pistons 5 is in a switching position in which compressed air from the compressed air reservoir 1 can flow into the pneumatic cylinder 8. Thus, the two outer pistons 5 are moved by the compressed air down to the bottom dead center. The control valve 13 of the pneumatic cylinder 8 for the two inner pistons 5 is in a switching position in which the pneumatic cylinders 8 are connected to the environment and thus air can be removed from the pneumatic cylinder 8 during the movement of the piston 5 to top dead center.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind einfach wirkende Pneumatikzylinder 8 dargestellt. Selbstverständlich können auch nicht dargestellte doppelt wirkende Pneumatikzylinder eingesetzt werden. Mittels solchen doppelt wirkenden Pneumatikzylindern können Zugkräfte über das Kraftübertragungsglied 10 auf die Kolben 5 übertragen werden.In the illustrated embodiment, single-acting pneumatic cylinder 8 are shown. Of course, also not shown double-acting pneumatic cylinders can be used. Tensile forces can be transmitted to the pistons 5 via the force transmission member 10 by means of such double-acting pneumatic cylinders.

Figur 2 zeigt vergrößert die Schalteinrichtung der Maschine 2 mit dem Rotationskörper 14 aus Figur 1. Hierbei ist zu erkennen, dass ein einzelner Magnet 17 auf dem Rotationskörper 14 angeordnet ist. Bei einem Vorbeibewegen an den Hallsensoren 16 erzeugen diese ein Signal, welches einer definierten Stellung der beiden äußeren oder der beiden inneren Kolben 5 entspricht. Dieses Signal wird dem Stellglied 18 aus Figur 1 zugeführt, welches die Steuerventile 13 ansteuert. FIG. 2 shows enlarged the switching device of the machine 2 with the rotary body 14 from FIG. 1 , It can be seen that a single magnet 17 on the rotary body 14 is arranged. When moving past the Hall sensors 16, these generate a signal which corresponds to a defined position of the two outer or the two inner pistons 5. This signal is the actuator 18 from FIG. 1 supplied, which drives the control valves 13.

Zum Start der Maschine 2 werden die entsprechenden Pneumatikzylinder 8 mit Druckluft beaufschlagt, deren gegenüberstehenden Kolben 5 sich etwa eine 1/4 Umdrehung nach dem oberen Totpunkt befinden. Zur Steigerung der Leistungsabgabe der Maschine 2 wird, beispielsweise durch entsprechende Bewegung der Hallsensoren 16 der Zeitpunkt der Beaufschlagung des Pneumatikzylinders 8 mit Druckluft näher zum oberen Totpunkt des zugehörigen Kolbens 5 hin verschoben.To start the machine 2, the corresponding pneumatic cylinders 8 are acted upon by compressed air, the opposing pistons 5 are about a 1/4 turn after top dead center. To increase the power output of the machine 2, for example, by appropriate movement of the Hall sensors 16, the timing of the application of the pneumatic cylinder 8 with compressed air closer to the top dead center of the associated piston 5 out.

Selbstverständlich kann die Maschine 2 auch einen von Brennkraftmaschinen von Kraftfahrzeugen bekannten Anlassermotor zum Antrieb der Kurbelwelle 3 aufweisen. Dieser Anlassermotor kann die Kurbelwelle 3 drehen bis die Hallsensoren 16 ein Signal liefern und die Pneumatikzylinder 8 mit Druckluft beaufschlagt werden.Of course, the engine 2 may also have a known from internal combustion engines of motor vehicles starter motor for driving the crankshaft 3. This starter motor can rotate the crankshaft 3 until the Hall sensors 16 provide a signal and the pneumatic cylinders 8 are pressurized with compressed air.

Claims (11)

Mittels Druckluft antreibbare Maschine (2), mit einem in einem Zylinder (6) beweglichen Kolben (5), mit einer Kurbelwelle (3) und mit einem Pleuel (4) zur Übertragung einer linearen Bewegung des Kolbens (5) auf die Kurbelwelle (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein mit Druckluft beaufschlagbarer Pneumatikzylinder (8) mit einem darin angeordneten Pneumatikkolben (9) oberhalb des Kolbens (5) angeordnet ist und dass der Pneumatikkolben (9) mit dem Kolben (5) über ein Kraftübertragungsglied (10) verbunden ist.A machine (2) drivable by compressed air, comprising a piston (5) movable in a cylinder (6), a crankshaft (3) and a connecting rod (4) for transmitting a linear movement of the piston (5) to the crankshaft (3 ), characterized in that a pneumatic cylinder (8) which can be acted upon by compressed air is arranged above the piston (5) with a pneumatic piston (9) arranged therein and in that the pneumatic piston (9) is connected to the piston (5) via a force transmission member (10) is. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Pneumatikzylinder (8) einen größeren Hub hat als der Zylinder (6).Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder (8) has a larger stroke than the cylinder (6). Maschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kraftübertragungsglied (10) als Zug- und Druckstange ausgebildet ist.Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force transmission member (10) is designed as a pull and push rod. Maschine nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Pneumatikzylinder (8) ein Steuerventil (13) angeordnet ist und dass das Steuerventil (13) mit einer die Stellung des Kolbens (5) erfassenden Schalteinrichtung (15) verbunden ist.Machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control valve (13) is arranged in front of the pneumatic cylinder (8) and that the control valve (13) is connected to a switching device (15) which detects the position of the piston (5). Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinrichtung (15) einen von der Kurbelwelle (3) angetriebenen Rotationskörper (14) hat.Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the switching device (15) has a rotational body (14) driven by the crankshaft (3). Maschine nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinrichtung (15) einen auf dem Rotationskörper (14) angeordneten Magnet (17) und einen vor dem Rotationskörper (14) angeordneten Hallsensor (16) hat und dass das Steuerventil (13) elektrisch von Signalen des Hallsensors (16) schaltbar ist.Machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the switching device (15) on the rotary body (14) arranged magnet (17) and a front has the Hall of gravity (14) arranged Hall sensor (16) and that the control valve (13) is electrically switched by signals of the Hall sensor (16). Maschine nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stellglied (18) zur Leistungsregelung mit einem vor dem Pneumatikzylinder (8) angeordneten Druckregler (12) verbunden ist.Machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an actuator (18) for power control with a front of the pneumatic cylinder (8) arranged pressure regulator (12) is connected. Maschine nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stellglied (18) zur Leistungsregelung mit der Schalteinrichtung (15) zur Verstellung eines Zeitpunktes und/oder der Zeitdauer der Druckbeaufschlagung des Pneumatikzylinders (8) verbunden ist.Machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an actuator (18) for power control with the switching device (15) for adjusting a time and / or the duration of the pressurization of the pneumatic cylinder (8) is connected. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Position der Hallsensoren (16) gegenüber dem Rotationskörper (14) in dessen Drehrichtung verstellbar ist.Machine according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the position of the Hall sensors (16) relative to the rotary body (14) is adjustable in its direction of rotation. Maschine nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Pneumatikzylinder (8) über einzelnen Zylindern (6) angeordnet und deren Pneumatikkolben (9) mit einzelnen Kolben (5) verbunden sind.Machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of pneumatic cylinders (8) are arranged above individual cylinders (6) and their pneumatic pistons (9) are connected to individual pistons (5). Maschine nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit parallel beweglichen Kolben (5) verbundene Pneumatikkolben (9) mit einem gemeinsamen Steuerventil (13) verbunden sind.Machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with parallel movable piston (5) connected pneumatic piston (9) are connected to a common control valve (13).
EP18000079.6A 2017-01-31 2018-01-31 Machine driven by means of compressed air Active EP3354845B1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD144432A5 (en) 1979-06-20 1980-10-15 Erich Roser AIR MOTOR WITH PISTON VALVE
DE4243177A1 (en) * 1992-12-19 1994-06-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Timing system with rapid identification of cylinders for IC engine
DE102005051565A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-11 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Method and installation for monitoring a shutdown phase of an internal combustion engine
EP1082550B1 (en) 1998-04-09 2007-06-13 Spin Master Toys, Ltd. Pneumatic engine
US20100296949A1 (en) * 2009-08-10 2010-11-25 Advanced Air Innovations Llc High-efficiency pneumatic drive motor system
US20110308241A1 (en) * 2010-06-16 2011-12-22 Hb Spider, Llc Compressed air engine
EP2772611A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2014-09-03 Beijing Xiangtian Huachuang Aerodynamic Force Technology Research Institute Company Limited Two-stroke air-powered engine assembly

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD144432A5 (en) 1979-06-20 1980-10-15 Erich Roser AIR MOTOR WITH PISTON VALVE
DE4243177A1 (en) * 1992-12-19 1994-06-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Timing system with rapid identification of cylinders for IC engine
EP1082550B1 (en) 1998-04-09 2007-06-13 Spin Master Toys, Ltd. Pneumatic engine
DE102005051565A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-11 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Method and installation for monitoring a shutdown phase of an internal combustion engine
US20100296949A1 (en) * 2009-08-10 2010-11-25 Advanced Air Innovations Llc High-efficiency pneumatic drive motor system
US20110308241A1 (en) * 2010-06-16 2011-12-22 Hb Spider, Llc Compressed air engine
EP2772611A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2014-09-03 Beijing Xiangtian Huachuang Aerodynamic Force Technology Research Institute Company Limited Two-stroke air-powered engine assembly

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