EP3353357A2 - Coupling system, for example for wall panels - Google Patents

Coupling system, for example for wall panels

Info

Publication number
EP3353357A2
EP3353357A2 EP16785215.1A EP16785215A EP3353357A2 EP 3353357 A2 EP3353357 A2 EP 3353357A2 EP 16785215 A EP16785215 A EP 16785215A EP 3353357 A2 EP3353357 A2 EP 3353357A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
retaining element
loops
per
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16785215.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3353357B1 (en
Inventor
Véronique DROCHON
Nathalie Moinard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aplix SA
Original Assignee
Aplix SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aplix SA filed Critical Aplix SA
Publication of EP3353357A2 publication Critical patent/EP3353357A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3353357B1 publication Critical patent/EP3353357B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/088—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements fixed directly to the wall by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the covering element
    • E04F13/0882—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements fixed directly to the wall by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the covering element by hook and loop-type fasteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0003—Fastener constructions
    • A44B18/0015—Male or hook elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0046—Fasteners made integrally of plastics
    • A44B18/0057—Female or loop elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0069—Details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02133—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements
    • E04F15/02138—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements by hook and loop-type fasteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0003—Fastener constructions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44D—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES OR SLIDE FASTENERS, AND TO JEWELLERY, BRACELETS OR OTHER PERSONAL ADORNMENTS
    • A44D2205/00—Fastening by use of touch and close elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fastening systems, and finds a particular application in the field of building, for example for fastening panels.
  • Glues having a short drying time the user must therefore perform the installation quickly to prevent the glue dries before the coating is applied to the wall, and may also be required to produce glue regularly. It is also necessary to maintain the coating in position during the drying time of the glue, which is very disadvantageous. In order to remedy these problems related to the use of glue, it has already been proposed to replace the glue by a fastening system of the self gripping type, thus allowing for easy and multiple repositioning, without constraints on the drying time. .
  • the pair of material forming the self-gripping must then be chosen so that the bond formed supports the weight of the coating, and ensures a positional hold at least until the positioning is finalized, for example in the case of the application of tiles, at least until the user has performed the jointing operation between the different tiles laid.
  • this type of attachment causes a phenomenon of yawning and / or sliding, which gives the user an improper impression pose. Indeed, especially when a user presses on a coating such as a tile, he then observes a slight displacement under the effect of the applied pressure, then a return to the initial position, which contributes to give an impression of installation poorly done, not strong or not very reassuring.
  • WO2009018645 in the name of TACFAST SYSTEMS describes decorative elements for use in the soil.
  • the problems of fixing coatings by self-gripping for applications, on the one hand on the ground, and on the other hand to vertical walls, inclined or ceiling are completely different.
  • the risk of self stalling of the coating (or stall by gravity or under the effect of the weight of the coating) fixed by self-gripping being zero for a floor application or a horizontal wall whose coating is located above of its support. Indeed, in such a configuration, the gravity does not tend to unhook the connection by self-gripping formed between the support and coating and whatever the mass of the coating.
  • the present invention thus aims to at least partially meet the aforementioned problems.
  • the present invention provides a system for attaching a coating to a surface, comprising
  • a first assembly comprising a first retaining element
  • a second assembly comprising a second retaining element, the first and second retaining elements being configured so as to engage in a reversible connection
  • the system being characterized in that the first set and the second set are adapted so as to achieve a connection having: a first displacement under the effect of gravity less than 2 mm along a first axis XI.
  • the coating because of its mass, has a vertical weight, oriented downwards, that is to say towards the Earth's gravitational center.
  • the weight of the coating opposes a resultant formed by the reversible connection of the first and second retaining members such that the weight tends to separate the first and second retaining members.
  • the resultant formed by the reversible connection of the first and second retaining elements is such that it extends perpendicularly or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the coating from its center of gravity.
  • Stabilized position is understood to mean a position in which the displacement of the coating is less than 5 mm per hour.
  • “gravity displacement” is meant without the application of an external force, other than the weight of the assembly formed by the liner and the retainer.
  • “Gravity displacement” is measured after the first set and the second set on the liner and the surface have been applied against each other and positioned in a final position. In this final position, the first and second sets (and in particular their edges) extend substantially in the extension of one another, their faces then being substantially parallel. Is meant by substantially parallel, that the inclination between the plane formed by the first set and the plane formed by the second set is less than 10 °, in particular less than 7 °, more particularly less than 5 ° (especially the edges of first and second sets).
  • the first displacement under the effect of gravity is non-zero along a first axis XI.
  • the first set and the second set are for example adapted so as to make a connection having a second displacement less than 2 mm along a second axis X2 perpendicular to the first axis XI.
  • One of the axes XI, X2 is then typically in a plane parallel to the plane of the surface, and the other of the axes XI and X2 is in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the surface.
  • the first set and the second set are then typically adapted to achieve a bond having a slip of less than 2mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm, and a yawn less than 1.5 mm
  • the first displacement under the effect of gravity is non-zero along a first axis X2.
  • the first set and the second set are, for example, adapted so as to produce a connection having a tensile strength (longitudinal traction or "shearing") of between 1.0 and 20.0 N / cm 2 , in particular between 3 and 20 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 4 and 20 N / cm 2 measured according to the standard NF EN 13780.
  • the first set and the second set can also be adapted so as to achieve a bond having a peel strength included between 0.05 and 5 N / cm, more particularly between 1 and 4 N / cm, or preferably between 0.05 N / cm and 3 N / cm and measured according to standard NF EN 12242.
  • the first assembly and the second assembly may also be adapted so as to provide a link having a perpendicular stall resistance, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the first set or the second set, between 0.1 N / cm 2 and 15 N / cm 2 , more particularly between 1 N / cm 2 and 7 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 1.5 N / cm 2 and 5.5 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF G91-103.
  • the bonding performance of the first and second sets are mainly achieved by the characteristics of the first and second retaining elements.
  • the first retaining element typically comprises a retaining element field comprising hooks having a height Hc of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm
  • the second retaining element comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a maximum height Hb between 0.1 and 3.0 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 2.0 mm, more particularly between 0.4 and 1.5 mm, more particularly between 0.5 and 1 mm, or of the order of 0.85mm +/- 0.25mm.
  • the value of the maximum height Hb here is an average value obtained from measuring the largest distance between the foot of the loop and the end opposite the foot of the loop, made on at least thirty distinct loops of a same restraining element. In other words, not all loops are exactly the same height, some loops have a greater height than the maximum height Hb (average), and other loops have a smaller height than the maximum value. Hb (average).
  • a loop may cooperate with more than one hook at a time. Among all the loops, it is typically observed that at least 1% of the loops cooperate simultaneously with at least two hooks. Among all the loops, it is typically observed that less than 80% of the loops cooperate simultaneously with at least two hooks.
  • the hooks then comprise, for example, a shank and a gripping portion, the gripping portion having a maximum height Ht of between 0.01 and 0.15 mm, and the shank having a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm.
  • the heights Hb and Ht are such that Hb / Ht> 1, or more precisely such that 2 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 40, or more precisely such as 3 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 30, or such as 3 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 19.
  • the second retainer may have a loop density of between 13 and 30 loops per centimeter.
  • the first retaining element may then have a hook density of between 100 and 500 hooks per cm 2 .
  • the hooks of the first retaining element are for example made of polypropylene (PP), and the loops of the second retaining element are for example made of polyamide (PA) and / or poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
  • the second retaining element has for example a number of loops of between 10 and 100 loops per cm 2 , more particularly between 10 and 90 loops per cm 2 or more precisely between 30 and 70 loops per cm 2 .
  • the ratio between the number of loops per cm 2 over the number of hooks per cm 2 is, for example, less than 1, or more particularly between 6% and 70%, or even more particularly between 6% and 50%.
  • the coating has for example a mass per unit area of between 0.04 and 30 kg / m 2 , or between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or more particularly between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or even more particularly between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 .
  • the invention also relates to a method of fixing a coating on a surface by means of a fixing system as defined above, in which,
  • the second set is fixed on one face of the coating
  • the coating is affixed to the surface, so that the retaining elements of the first and second sets engage.
  • the coating fixed by such a method typically has a mass per unit area of between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or more particularly between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or even more particularly between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 .
  • the second assembly is typically fixed on one face of the coating, so that said face of the coating is covered with a 100%, more particularly 75%, more particularly 50%, retaining element, typically mainly in the center and on the periphery of the surface. the limit of this face of the coating.
  • the coating typically has a mass per unit area of between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 .
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an application of a system according to one aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 2 to 4 are detailed views of the structure of a system according to one aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of application of a system according to one aspect of the invention, for laying a coating 2 on a surface 1, in this case a wall 1.
  • the coating 1 is a tile, for example faience
  • the surface 2 is a vertical wall.
  • this example is not limiting, and that the system according to one aspect of the invention can also be used for laying a coating on a horizontal wall such as a ceiling or a wall inclined relative to the horizontal.
  • a user is shown in this figure, which positions the tiles on a vertical wall, using a fastening system according to one aspect of the invention.
  • the user has already positioned three columns of tiles 2 on the surface 1, and is preparing to begin the positioning of a fourth column.
  • the user has fixed a first assembly 100 comprising a first retaining element 120 on a part of the surface 1 intended to receive the coating 2, and fixed a second assembly 200 comprising a second retaining element 220 on a face of the coating 2, in this case a face of the tile 2 that can be described as a rear face.
  • the fixing operations could be carried out directly in the factory, by hot rolling, gluing, or other methods, so as to reduce the total time of laying the coating on the site.
  • FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of the surface 1 and its first assembly 100, as well as the coating 2 and its second assembly 200.
  • the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first set 100 and the second set 200 form a reversible connection, of the self-gripping type, that is to say that they engage by contacting.
  • the first retaining element 120 comprises a retaining element field comprising hooks
  • the second retaining element 220 comprises a retaining element field comprising loops.
  • the surface 1 thus comprises the field of hooks, while the coating 2 presents the loops.
  • the first and second sets can be arranged on the surface 1 and on the coating 2 so that the coating 2 has the hook fields while the surface 1 has the loops.
  • the operation of the system remains unchanged.
  • the first retaining element 120 engages the second retaining element 220, so as to ensure that the coating 2 is held in position on the surface 1.
  • the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 are configured so that the bond they form has certain properties, in particular so that the bond formed has a first displacement under the effect of gravity less than 2 mm along a first axis XI.
  • this first axis XI is for example an axis parallel to the plane of the surface 1, for example a vertical axis, thus translating a sliding of the coating 2 on the surface 1, or a horizontal axis perpendicular to the surface 1, then translating a yawn of the coating 2 on the surface 1.
  • the first set 100 and the second set 200 are typically adapted to make a connection having a second displacement less than 2 mm along a second axis X 2 perpendicular to the first axis XI.
  • the axis XI can thus translate the sliding of the coating 2 on the surface 1 while the X2 axis translates the yawn, or vice versa.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the axes XI and X2, the vertical axis XI and parallel to the surface 1 then translating the sliding under the effect of the weight of the coating 2, while the axis X 2 perpendicular to the surface 2 translated yawn.
  • the first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 are thus typically configured to form a connection having a slip of less than 2 mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm, and a yawn less than 1.5 mm.
  • the coating 2 placed on the surface 1 is reliably held in position, and does not provide the user with an impression of poor installation or poorly done or unsecured.
  • first set 100 and the second set 200 may also be adapted to provide a bond having a tensile strength of between 1.0 and 20.0 N / cm 2 , in particular between 3 and 20 N / cm 2. cm 2 , even more particularly between 4 and 20 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF EN 13780.
  • the first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 can also be adapted, in particular in the case of a flexible coating, so as to achieve a bond having a peel strength of between 0.05 and 5 N / cm, more particularly between 1 and 4 N / cm or preferably between 0.05 N / cm and 3 N / cm measured according to standard NF EN 12242.
  • the first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 may also be adapted so as to provide a link having a perpendicular stall resistance, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the first set 100 or the second set 200, between 0, 1 N / cm 2 and 15 N / cm 2 , more particularly between 1 N / cm 2 and 7 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 1.5 N / cm 2 and 5.5 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF G91 -103.
  • a perpendicular stall resistance which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the first set 100 or the second set 200, between 0, 1 N / cm 2 and 15 N / cm 2 , more particularly between 1 N / cm 2 and 7 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 1.5 N / cm 2 and 5.5 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF G91 -103.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the structure of loops that can be used as a retaining element
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a hook that can be used as a retaining element cooperating with the loops shown in FIG. 3.
  • the loop field shown in FIG. 3 is of the knitting type, in particular of the warp knitting type.
  • warp threads 230 and weft threads 240 perpendicular or substantially perpendicular, or in some cases inclined, to warp threads 230, these weft threads 240 and warp thread 230 thus forming a base, for example a grid , in which are knitted loops 250, by unraveling, each having two feet 255 surrounding the intersection of the warp son 230 and weft 240.
  • the loops 250 are here formed between two feet 255 arranged in a direction defined by the warp son 230.
  • the direction of the weft threads 240 thus defines the direction of the loops of the loop lines 250, arranged successively, the loops 250 being each formed by the son connecting the successive feet 255. Since the length of these wires is greater than the distance between two successive feet 255, the wires thus form a loop, thus defining an apex of the loop 250 corresponding to its furthest point of the warp 230 considered, and thus defining for each loop a loop Hb height.
  • the orientation of the loops with respect to gravity defines the type of loop field, which may for example be of the "loops up" or "loops down" type.
  • This orientation is defined as a function of the position of the loop 250 relative to the warp 230 that surrounds its feet 255; if the loop 250 is above the warp 230, we speak of loops upwards, and if the loop 250 is below the warp 230, we speak of loops down, the "top” and the below “being defined with respect to gravity.
  • the loops are thus of the type “towards the bottom ", while in Figure 3, the loops are of the" upward "type.
  • the first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 are thus typically configured so as to form a connection having a slip of less than 2 mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm , and a yawn less than 1.5 mm, these values being obtained regardless of the orientation of the loops 250, upwards or downwards.
  • the loops are typically oriented downward, it being understood that depending on the applications, upward orientation of the loops may be advantageous.
  • the second retaining element 220 thus typically comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a height Hb between 0.1 and 3.0 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 2.0 mm, more particularly between 0 , 4 and 1.5 mm, even more particularly between 0.5 and 1 mm, typically of the order of 0.85 mm +/- 0.25 mm.
  • the second retaining element 220 typically has a loop density of between 7 and 30 meshes per centimeter, or more particularly between 13 and 30 meshes per centimeter.
  • the loops are typically made of polyamide (PA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the son forming the loops being then for example a multifilament 44dTex 10 filaments Polyamide 6 (PA6), and the weft and warp threads being then for example a 22dTex monofilament Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
  • the loops can also be made of polypropylene (PP).
  • the second retaining member could be other than a knitted fabric, for example, another looped fabric, a woven fabric, a nonwoven or a knitted nonwoven.
  • the retaining element comprising a loop field is typically bonded to a support, for example a polyolefin film, typically of low density polyethylene.
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents an example of a hook of a field of hooks such as comprises, for example, the first retaining element 120.
  • the hook 130 as presented comprises a rod 140 extending from a base 150, and surmounted by a head 145.
  • the rod 140 as shown has a generally cylindrical shape of revolution, and has a diameter D.
  • the rod 140 has for example a polygonal cross section, for example rectangular or substantially rectangular or square, having for example a ratio of the largest in length on the largest dimension in width strictly between 1 and 2, the length dimension extending for example according to the machine direction (commonly referred to as "MD").
  • the head 145 as shown has a generally concave shape, of greater maximum dimension than the diameter D of the rod 140 so as to define hooking portions 146 extending beyond the rod 140.
  • the head 145 may for example present an oval, circular, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal or any other projection.
  • a height is defined corresponding to the distance between the base 150 and its point furthest from the base, the distance from the base being measured in a direction perpendicular to this base.
  • the first retaining element 120 thus comprises, for example, a retaining element field comprising hooks having a height of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm.
  • the rod 140 has for example a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm, and the head 145 then has for example a height Ht between 0.01 and 0.15 mm, the height of the head Ht being the distance measured along a longitudinal axis of the rod 140, between the point of the head 145 farthest from the base 150, and the point of the head 145 closest to the base 150.
  • the loops 250 and the rods 140 are typically made so that the heights Hb and Ht are such that Hb / Ht> 1, or more precisely such as 2 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 40, or more precisely such as 3 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 30, or such as 3 ⁇ Hb / Ht ⁇ 19.
  • the first retaining element 120 thus comprises, for example, a retaining element field comprising hooks, with a hook density of between 100 and 500 hooks per cm 2 , more particularly between 110 and 500 hooks per cm 2 , or more precisely between 200 and 400 hooks per cm 2 , or between 250 and 350 hooks per cm 2 .
  • the hooks are typically made of polypropylene (PP).
  • the second retaining element 220 typically has a number of loops of between 10 and 100 loops per cm 2 , or more particularly between 10 and 90 loops per cm 2 , more precisely between 30 and 70 loops per cm 2 .
  • the first retaining element 120 and the second retaining element 220 are typically made so that the ratio between the number of loops per cm 2 over the number of hooks per cm 2 is less than 1, more particularly between 6% and 70%. %, or even more particularly between 6% and 50%.
  • the first set 100 and / or the second set 200 are advantageously chosen so that the mass of at least that of said sets which is fixed to the coating 2 is less than the mass of the coating 2.
  • the first set 100 and / or the second set 200 and typically have a weight of between 50 and 300 grams / m 2 , or between 100 and 200 grams / m 2 .
  • the coating 2 typically has a mass per unit area of between 0.04 and 30 kg / m 2 , or 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or more precisely between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 . It can for example be a tile of 600g earthenware, dimensions 20 x 25 cm, or a mass per unit surface area equal to 12 kg / m 2 .
  • the composition of the coating 1 typically comprises at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, more particularly at least 50%, one of the following materials: wood pulp, paper pulp, gypsum, ceramic paste, clays , porcelain, terra cotta, sandstone, PVC, polyester resin, glass, natural stone, wood, mineral matter, siliceous mineral material, or calcareous mineral matter.
  • the composition of the wall or support typically comprises at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, more particularly at least 50%, one of the following materials: wood pulp, paper pulp, gypsum, paste ceramic, clays, porcelain, terracotta, sandstone, PVC, polyester resin, glass, natural stone, wood, mineral matter, siliceous mineral material, or limestone mineral material.
  • the loops typically have a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.6 mm, or more particularly between 0.3 and 0.35 mm, measured according to the standard NF EN ISO 9073-2 (0.1 KPa, 10s).
  • the examples of hooks and loops shown are an example of retaining elements that can constitute the first set 100 and the second set 200 so as to obtain a bond having the desired characteristics.
  • hooks and loops can also be used.
  • a user For the use of a system as previously described for fixing a coating on a surface, a user typically performs the following steps:
  • one of the first set 100 or the second set is fixed on the surface 1,
  • the other one is fixed among the first set 100 and the second set 200 on one face of the covering 2,
  • the coating 2 is affixed in a single step on the surface 1, so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage.
  • the applied coating is away from the adjacent coating that has been affixed previously.
  • This separation distance can be between 0.01mm and 30mm depending on the type of coating to be affixed. In the case of a tiling of the earthenware type, the separation distance is of the order of 5 mm.
  • the first set 100 and the second set 200 are each fixed on the surface 1 and the coating 2 for example by means of an adhesive, an adhesive, or any other suitable fastening element.
  • the user can easily position them and if necessary reposition them, without being bothered by the constraints related to the use of the glue.
  • the user can easily remove the coating 1 from the surface 2, for example when it wishes to change it.
  • the set 100 or 200 fixed on one face of the coating 2 is typically fixed so that said face of the coating 2 is covered with a 100% retaining element, more particularly 75%, more particularly 50%, typically that the retaining elements are arranged mainly in the center and on the periphery of the limit of this face of the coating 2.
  • the coating 2 and the additional mass are affixed to the surface 1, so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage.
  • step B3 while maintaining the coating and the additional mass in the position of step B2, measuring the distance (bi) between the coating and the vertical wall along an axis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the wall, this distance bi corresponds at the maximum distance between the vertical wall and the liner in this configuration.
  • step B5 three hours after step B4, the distance (b1) between the coating and the vertical wall is measured along an axis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the wall and similarly to the step
  • steps B3 and B5 are typically performed by laser.
  • the coating 2 and the additional mass are affixed to the surface 1 (here a vertical wall), so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage,
  • step G3 while maintaining the coating and the additional mass in the position of step G2, the height of the position of the coating and of the additional mass is raised in height relative to an axis parallel or substantially parallel to the vertical wall ,
  • step G5 three hours after step G4, measuring the new height (gl) of the position of the coating and the additional mass relative to the vertical wall along an axis parallel or substantially parallel to the wall and similarly to the step G3.
  • the slip corresponds to the difference between the measurements made in steps G5 and G3, ie gl-gi.
  • steps G3 and G5 are typically performed by laser.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for attaching a coating to a surface. Said system includes: a first assembly (100) including a first holding element (120), and a second assembly (200) including a second holding element (220). The first and second holding elements (120, 220) are configured to engage so as to create a reversible link. The system is characterized in that the first holding element (120) includes a holding element portion that includes hooks having a height (Hc) of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm, and the second holding element (220) includes a holding element portion that includes loops having a height (Hb) of between 0.1 mm and 3.0 mm.

Description

Système d'accrochage, par exemple pour des panneaux.  Fastening system, for example for panels.
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE GENERAL La présente invention concerne les systèmes d'accrochage, et trouve une application particulière dans le domaine du bâtiment, par exemple pour la fixation de panneaux. GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fastening systems, and finds a particular application in the field of building, for example for fastening panels.
ETAT DE L'ART STATE OF THE ART
La pose de revêtements tels que des carreaux de faïence sur une paroi, et en particulier une paroi verticale, est généralement une opération difficile et coûteuse à réaliser. Les techniques usuelles consistent à appliquer de la colle sur la paroi et/ou sur le dos du revêtement considéré, puis apposer le revêtement sur la paroi. The laying of coatings such as glazed tiles on a wall, and in particular a vertical wall, is generally a difficult and expensive operation to achieve. The usual techniques are to apply glue on the wall and / or on the back of the coating in question, then affix the coating on the wall.
Les colles ayant un temps de séchage court, l'utilisateur doit donc réaliser la pose rapidement pour éviter que la colle ne sèche avant que le revêtement ne soit appliqué sur la paroi, et peut également être amené à devoir fabriquer de la colle régulièrement. Il est également nécessaire de maintenir le revêtement en position pendant le temps de séchage de la colle, ce qui est très pénalisant. Afin de remédier à ces problématiques liées à l'utilisation de colle, il a déjà été proposé de remplacer la colle par un système de fixation du type auto agrippant, permettant ainsi de réaliser un repositionnement aisé et multiple, sans contraintes relatives au temps de séchage. Le couple de matériau formant l'auto-agrippant doit alors être choisi de manière à ce que la liaison formée supporte le poids du revêtement, et assure un maintien en position au moins jusqu'à ce que le positionnement soit finalisé, par exemple dans le cas de l'application de carreaux de faïence, au moins jusqu'à ce que l'utilisateur ait réalisé l'opération de jointage entre les différents carreaux posés. Glues having a short drying time, the user must therefore perform the installation quickly to prevent the glue dries before the coating is applied to the wall, and may also be required to produce glue regularly. It is also necessary to maintain the coating in position during the drying time of the glue, which is very disadvantageous. In order to remedy these problems related to the use of glue, it has already been proposed to replace the glue by a fastening system of the self gripping type, thus allowing for easy and multiple repositioning, without constraints on the drying time. . The pair of material forming the self-gripping must then be chosen so that the bond formed supports the weight of the coating, and ensures a positional hold at least until the positioning is finalized, for example in the case of the application of tiles, at least until the user has performed the jointing operation between the different tiles laid.
Or, il ressort des différents produits proposés à ce jour que certains revêtements, et en particulier les revêtements lourds tels que les carreaux de faïence, ont tendance à se déplacer de la position initiale définie par l'utilisateur une fois posés, sous l'effet du poids du revêtement. However, it is clear from the various products proposed to date that some coatings, and in particular heavy coatings such as earthenware tiles, tend to move from the initial position defined by the user when laid, under the effect the weight of the coating.
De plus, ce type de fixation entraine un phénomène de bâillement et/ou de glissement, ce qui procure à l'utilisateur une impression de pose mal réalisée. En effet, notamment lorsqu'un utilisateur appuie sur un revêtement tel qu'un carreau, il observe alors un léger déplacement sous l'effet de la pression appliquée, puis un retour à la position initiale, ce qui contribue à donner une impression de pose mal réalisée, peu résistante ou encore peu sécurisante.  In addition, this type of attachment causes a phenomenon of yawning and / or sliding, which gives the user an improper impression pose. Indeed, especially when a user presses on a coating such as a tile, he then observes a slight displacement under the effect of the applied pressure, then a return to the initial position, which contributes to give an impression of installation poorly done, not strong or not very reassuring.
Le document WO2009018645 au nom de TACFAST SYSTEMS décrit des éléments décoratifs destinés à être utilisés pour le sol. Les problématiques de fixation de revêtements par auto agrippant pour des applications, d'une part au sol, et d'autre part à des parois verticales, inclinées ou au plafond sont complètement différentes. Le risque d'auto décrochage du revêtement (ou de décrochage par la gravité ou encore sous l'effet du poids du revêtement) fixé par auto-agrippant étant nul pour une application au sol ou une paroi horizontale dont le revêtement est situé au-dessus de son support. En effet, dans une telle configuration, la gravité ne tend pas à décrocher la liaison par auto- agrippant formée entre le support et revêtement et ce quelle que soit la masse du revêtement. Dans ce document WO2009018645, il est décrit un chevauchement « B » entre deux éléments décoratifs adjacents et l'un d'eux chevauchant l'autre peut être déplacé de sorte à le positionner dans une position finale. Un tel déplacement est possible du fait que seule une très faible partie des crochets et des boucles coopèrent ensemble. Dans le document WO2009018645, outre le fait que l'application décrite est celle pour le sol, il est nullement décrit ni suggéré que les éléments décoratifs dans leur position finale, puissent être mobile l'un par rapport à l'autre en raison notamment du fait que l'élément décoratif qui chevauche celui qui est adjacent est inséré en force par l'installateur. WO2009018645 in the name of TACFAST SYSTEMS describes decorative elements for use in the soil. The problems of fixing coatings by self-gripping for applications, on the one hand on the ground, and on the other hand to vertical walls, inclined or ceiling are completely different. The risk of self stalling of the coating (or stall by gravity or under the effect of the weight of the coating) fixed by self-gripping being zero for a floor application or a horizontal wall whose coating is located above of its support. Indeed, in such a configuration, the gravity does not tend to unhook the connection by self-gripping formed between the support and coating and whatever the mass of the coating. In this document WO2009018645, there is described an overlap "B" between two adjacent decorative elements and one of them overlapping the other can be moved so as to position it in a final position. Such a displacement is possible because only a very small portion of the hooks and loops cooperate together. In the document WO2009018645, besides the fact that the application described is that for the soil, it is in no way described or suggested that the decorative elements in their final position, can be movable relative to each other due in particular to the fact that the decorative element which overlaps the adjacent one is inserted in force by the installer.
PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention vise ainsi à répondre au moins partiellement aux problématiques mentionnées précédemment. The present invention thus aims to at least partially meet the aforementioned problems.
A cet effet, la présente invention propose un système pour la fixation d'un revêtement sur une surface, comprenant For this purpose, the present invention provides a system for attaching a coating to a surface, comprising
- un premier ensemble comprenant un premier élément de retenue, a first assembly comprising a first retaining element,
- un second ensemble comprenant un second élément de retenue, les premier et second éléments de retenue étant configurés pour s'engager de manière à réaliser une liaison réversible, a second assembly comprising a second retaining element, the first and second retaining elements being configured so as to engage in a reversible connection,
le système étant caractérisé en ce que le premier ensemble et le second ensemble sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant : un premier déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité inférieur à 2mm selon un premier axe XI. the system being characterized in that the first set and the second set are adapted so as to achieve a connection having: a first displacement under the effect of gravity less than 2 mm along a first axis XI.
On entend ici par « déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité » que le revêtement, en raison de sa masse, présente un poids vertical, orienté vers le bas, c'est-à-dire vers le centre gravitationnel terrestre. Le poids du revêtement s'oppose à une résultante formée par la liaison réversible des premier et second éléments de retenue de telle sorte que le poids tend à séparer les premier et second éléments de retenue. Here is meant by "displacement under the effect of gravity" that the coating, because of its mass, has a vertical weight, oriented downwards, that is to say towards the Earth's gravitational center. The weight of the coating opposes a resultant formed by the reversible connection of the first and second retaining members such that the weight tends to separate the first and second retaining members.
La résultante formée par la liaison réversible des premier et second éléments de retenue est telle qu'elle s'étend perpendiculairement ou sensiblement perpendiculairement au plan formé par le revêtement depuis son centre de gravité. The resultant formed by the reversible connection of the first and second retaining elements is such that it extends perpendicularly or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the coating from its center of gravity.
Dans une position stabilisée, lorsque l'orientation du poids est parallèle et dans le même sens que l'orientation de la force résultante de la liaison réversible des premier et second ensembles alors le glissement et le bâillement sous l'effet de la gravité sont nuls. On entend par « position stabilisée » une position dans laquelle le déplacement du revêtement est inférieur à 5mm par heure. In a stabilized position, when the weight orientation is parallel and in the same direction as the orientation of the resultant force of the reversible connection of the first and second sets then slip and yawn under the effect of gravity are zero. "Stabilized position" is understood to mean a position in which the displacement of the coating is less than 5 mm per hour.
En d'autres termes le « déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité » est entendu sans l'application d'une force extérieure, autre que le poids de l'ensemble formé par le revêtement et l'élément de retenue. Le « déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité » est mesuré après que le premier ensemble et le second ensemble équipant le revêtement et la surface aient été appliqués l'un contre l'autre et positionné dans une position finale. Dans cette position finale, les premier et second ensembles (et notamment leurs bords) s'étendent sensiblement dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre, leurs faces étant alors sensiblement parallèles. On entend par sensiblement parallèle, que l'inclinaison entre le plan formé par le premier ensemble et le plan formé par le second ensemble est inférieure à 10°, en particulier inférieure à 7°, plus particulièrement inférieure à 5° (notamment les bords des premier et second ensembles). In other words, "gravity displacement" is meant without the application of an external force, other than the weight of the assembly formed by the liner and the retainer. "Gravity displacement" is measured after the first set and the second set on the liner and the surface have been applied against each other and positioned in a final position. In this final position, the first and second sets (and in particular their edges) extend substantially in the extension of one another, their faces then being substantially parallel. Is meant by substantially parallel, that the inclination between the plane formed by the first set and the plane formed by the second set is less than 10 °, in particular less than 7 °, more particularly less than 5 ° (especially the edges of first and second sets).
En particulier, le premier déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité est non nul selon un premier axe XI. Le premier ensemble et le second ensemble sont par exemple adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un deuxième déplacement inférieur à 2 mm selon un deuxième axe X2 perpendiculaire au premier axe XI. L'un des axes XI, X2 est alors typiquement dans un plan parallèle au plan de la surface, et l'autre des axes XI et X2 est dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de la surface. Le premier ensemble et le second ensemble sont alors typiquement adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un glissement inférieur à 2mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 2mm, ou plus précisément un glissement inférieur à 1,5 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 1,5 mm In particular, the first displacement under the effect of gravity is non-zero along a first axis XI. The first set and the second set are for example adapted so as to make a connection having a second displacement less than 2 mm along a second axis X2 perpendicular to the first axis XI. One of the axes XI, X2 is then typically in a plane parallel to the plane of the surface, and the other of the axes XI and X2 is in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the surface. The first set and the second set are then typically adapted to achieve a bond having a slip of less than 2mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm, and a yawn less than 1.5 mm
En particulier, le premier déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité est non nul selon un premier axe X2.  In particular, the first displacement under the effect of gravity is non-zero along a first axis X2.
En particulier, le glissement sous l'effet de la gravité est non nul. In particular, the sliding under the effect of gravity is not zero.
En particulier le bâillement sous l'effet de la gravité est non nul. In particular yawning under the effect of gravity is non-zero.
Le premier ensemble et le second ensemble sont par exemple adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance à la traction (traction longitudinale ou encore appelée « cisaillement») comprise entre 1,0 et 20,0 N/cm2, en particulier entre 3 et 20 N/cm2, encore plus particulièrement entre 4 et 20 N/cm2 mesurée selon la norme NF EN 13780. Le premier ensemble et le second ensemble peuvent également être adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance au pelage comprise entre 0,05 et 5 N/cm, plus particulièrement entre 1 et 4 N/cm, ou préférentiellement entre 0,05 N/cm et 3 N/cm et mesurée selon la norme NF EN 12242. The first set and the second set are, for example, adapted so as to produce a connection having a tensile strength (longitudinal traction or "shearing") of between 1.0 and 20.0 N / cm 2 , in particular between 3 and 20 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 4 and 20 N / cm 2 measured according to the standard NF EN 13780. The first set and the second set can also be adapted so as to achieve a bond having a peel strength included between 0.05 and 5 N / cm, more particularly between 1 and 4 N / cm, or preferably between 0.05 N / cm and 3 N / cm and measured according to standard NF EN 12242.
Le premier ensemble et le second ensemble peuvent également être adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance au décrochage perpendiculaire, qui est perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan formé par le premier ensemble ou le second ensemble, comprise entre 0,1 N/cm2 et 15 N/cm2, plus particulièrement entre 1 N/cm2 et 7 N/cm2, encore plus particulièrement entre 1,5 N/cm2 et 5.5 N/cm2 mesurée selon la norme NF G91-103. The first assembly and the second assembly may also be adapted so as to provide a link having a perpendicular stall resistance, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the first set or the second set, between 0.1 N / cm 2 and 15 N / cm 2 , more particularly between 1 N / cm 2 and 7 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 1.5 N / cm 2 and 5.5 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF G91-103.
Les performances de liaison des premier et deuxième ensembles, par exemple celles en pelage et/ou traction, sont principalement réalisées par les caractéristiques des premier et deuxième éléments de retenue. Le premier élément de retenue comprend typiquement un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des crochets ayant une hauteur Hc comprise entre 0,05 mm et 1 mm, et le second élément de retenue comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des boucles ayant une hauteur maximale Hb comprise entre 0,1 et 3,0 mm, en particulier entre 0,1 et 2,0 mm, plus particulièrement entre 0,4 et 1,5 mm, encore plus particulièrement entre 0,5 et 1mm, ou encore de l'ordre de 0,85mm +/- 0,25mm. La valeur de la hauteur maximale Hb est ici une valeur moyenne obtenue à partir de mesure de la distance la plus importante entre le pied de la boucle et l'extrémité opposée au pied de la boucle, réalisé sur au moins trente boucles distinctes d'un même élément de retenue. En d'autres termes, toutes les boucles ne présentent pas exactement la même hauteur, certaines boucles ont une hauteur plus grande par rapport à la hauteur maximale Hb (moyenne) et d'autres boucles ont une hauteur plus petite par rapport à la valeur maximale Hb (moyenne). Dans certains cas, une boucle peut coopérer avec plus d'un crochet à la fois. Parmi l'ensemble des boucles, on observe typiquement qu'au moins 1% des boucles coopère simultanément avec au moins deux crochets. Parmi l'ensemble des boucles, on observe typiquement que moins de 80 % des boucles coopèrent simultanément avec au moins deux crochets. The bonding performance of the first and second sets, for example those in peeling and / or traction, are mainly achieved by the characteristics of the first and second retaining elements. The first retaining element typically comprises a retaining element field comprising hooks having a height Hc of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm, and the second retaining element comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a maximum height Hb between 0.1 and 3.0 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 2.0 mm, more particularly between 0.4 and 1.5 mm, more particularly between 0.5 and 1 mm, or of the order of 0.85mm +/- 0.25mm. The value of the maximum height Hb here is an average value obtained from measuring the largest distance between the foot of the loop and the end opposite the foot of the loop, made on at least thirty distinct loops of a same restraining element. In other words, not all loops are exactly the same height, some loops have a greater height than the maximum height Hb (average), and other loops have a smaller height than the maximum value. Hb (average). In some cases, a loop may cooperate with more than one hook at a time. Among all the loops, it is typically observed that at least 1% of the loops cooperate simultaneously with at least two hooks. Among all the loops, it is typically observed that less than 80% of the loops cooperate simultaneously with at least two hooks.
Les crochets comprennent alors par exemple une tige et une portion agrippante, la portion agrippante présentant une hauteur maximale Ht comprise entre 0,01 et 0,15 mm, et la tige présentant un diamètre compris entre 0,05mm et 0,80 mm. The hooks then comprise, for example, a shank and a gripping portion, the gripping portion having a maximum height Ht of between 0.01 and 0.15 mm, and the shank having a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm.
Les hauteurs Hb et Ht sont telles que Hb/Ht > 1, ou plus précisément telles que 2 < Hb/Ht < 40, ou encore plus précisément telles que 3 < Hb/Ht < 30, ou encore telles que 3 < Hb/Ht < 19.  The heights Hb and Ht are such that Hb / Ht> 1, or more precisely such that 2 <Hb / Ht <40, or more precisely such as 3 <Hb / Ht <30, or such as 3 <Hb / Ht <19.
Le second élément de retenue peut présenter une densité de boucles comprise entre 13 et 30 boucles par centimètre.  The second retainer may have a loop density of between 13 and 30 loops per centimeter.
Le premier élément de retenue peut alors présenter une densité de crochets comprise entre 100 et 500 crochets par cm2. Les crochets du premier élément de retenue sont par exemple réalisés en polypropylène (PP), et les boucles du second élément de retenue sont par exemple réalisées en Polyamide (PA) et/ou en Poly(téréphtalate d'Ethylène) (PET). The first retaining element may then have a hook density of between 100 and 500 hooks per cm 2 . The hooks of the first retaining element are for example made of polypropylene (PP), and the loops of the second retaining element are for example made of polyamide (PA) and / or poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
Le second élément de retenue présente par exemple un nombre de boucles compris entre 10 et 100 boucles par cm2, plus particulièrement entre 10 et 90 boucles par cm2 ou plus précisément entre 30 et 70 boucles par cm2. The second retaining element has for example a number of loops of between 10 and 100 loops per cm 2 , more particularly between 10 and 90 loops per cm 2 or more precisely between 30 and 70 loops per cm 2 .
Le rapport entre le nombre de boucles par cm2 sur le nombre de crochets par cm2 est par exemple inférieur à 1, ou plus particulièrement compris entre 6% et 70%, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 6% et 50%. The ratio between the number of loops per cm 2 over the number of hooks per cm 2 is, for example, less than 1, or more particularly between 6% and 70%, or even more particularly between 6% and 50%.
Le revêtement présente par exemple une masse par unité de surface comprise entre 0,04 et 30 kg/m2, ou encore entre 1 et 30 kg/m2, ou plus particulièrement entre 2 et 24 kg/m2, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 8 et 15 kg/m2. The coating has for example a mass per unit area of between 0.04 and 30 kg / m 2 , or between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or more particularly between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or even more particularly between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 .
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fixation d'un revêtement sur une surface au moyen d'un système de fixation tel que défini précédemment, dans lequel, The invention also relates to a method of fixing a coating on a surface by means of a fixing system as defined above, in which,
- on fixe le premier ensemble sur la surface,  - we fix the first set on the surface,
- on fixe le second ensemble sur une face du revêtement,  the second set is fixed on one face of the coating,
- on appose le revêtement sur la surface, de manière à ce que les éléments de retenue des premier et second ensembles s'engagent.  - The coating is affixed to the surface, so that the retaining elements of the first and second sets engage.
Le revêtement fixé à l'aide d'un tel procédé présente typiquement une masse par unité de surface comprise entre 1 et 30 kg/m2, ou plus particulièrement entre 2 et 24 kg/m2, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 8 et 15 kg/m2. Le second ensemble est typiquement fixé sur une face du revêtement, de sorte que ladite face du revêtement soit recouverte d'élément de retenue à 100%, plus particulièrement à 75%, plus particulièrement à 50%, typiquement majoritairement au centre et en périphérie de la limite de cette face du revêtement. The coating fixed by such a method typically has a mass per unit area of between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or more particularly between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or even more particularly between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 . The second assembly is typically fixed on one face of the coating, so that said face of the coating is covered with a 100%, more particularly 75%, more particularly 50%, retaining element, typically mainly in the center and on the periphery of the surface. the limit of this face of the coating.
Le revêtement présente typiquement une masse par unité de surface comprise entre 1 et 30 kg/m2. The coating typically has a mass per unit area of between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 .
PRESENTATION DES FIGURES PRESENTATION OF FIGURES
D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, qui est purement illustrative et non limitative, et qui doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels : Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and which should be read with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- La figure 1 illustre schématiquement une application d'un système selon un aspect de l'invention,  FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an application of a system according to one aspect of the invention,
- Les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues détaillées de la structure d'un système selon un aspect de l'invention.  - Figures 2 to 4 are detailed views of the structure of a system according to one aspect of the invention.
Sur l'ensemble des figures, les éléments en commun sont repérés par des références numériques identiques. In all the figures, the elements in common are identified by identical reference numerals.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
La figure 1 présente un exemple d'application d'un système selon un aspect de l'invention, pour la pose d'un revêtement 2 sur une surface 1, en l'occurrence une paroi 1. FIG. 1 shows an example of application of a system according to one aspect of the invention, for laying a coating 2 on a surface 1, in this case a wall 1.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le revêtement 1 est un carreau, par exemple de faïence, et la surface 2 est une paroi verticale. On comprend toutefois bien que cet exemple n'est pas limitatif, et que le système selon un aspect de l'invention peut également être utilisé pour la pose d'un revêtement sur une paroi horizontale telle qu'un plafond ou une paroi inclinée par rapport à l'horizontal. On représente ainsi sur cette figure un utilisateur qui positionne des carreaux sur une paroi verticale, à l'aide d'un système de fixation selon un aspect de l'invention. In the example shown, the coating 1 is a tile, for example faience, and the surface 2 is a vertical wall. However, it is understood that this example is not limiting, and that the system according to one aspect of the invention can also be used for laying a coating on a horizontal wall such as a ceiling or a wall inclined relative to the horizontal. Thus, a user is shown in this figure, which positions the tiles on a vertical wall, using a fastening system according to one aspect of the invention.
L'utilisateur a ici déjà positionné trois colonnes de carreaux 2 sur la surface 1, et s'apprête à débuter le positionnement d'une quatrième colonne. The user has already positioned three columns of tiles 2 on the surface 1, and is preparing to begin the positioning of a fourth column.
Pour ce faire, l'utilisateur a fixé un premier ensemble 100 comprenant un premier élément de retenue 120 sur une partie de la surface 1 destinée à recevoir le revêtement 2, et a fixé un second ensemble 200 comprenant un second élément de retenue 220 sur une face du revêtement 2, en l'occurrence une face du carreau 2 que l'on peut qualifier de face arrière.  To do this, the user has fixed a first assembly 100 comprising a first retaining element 120 on a part of the surface 1 intended to receive the coating 2, and fixed a second assembly 200 comprising a second retaining element 220 on a face of the coating 2, in this case a face of the tile 2 that can be described as a rear face.
En variante, les opérations de fixation pourraient être réalisées directement en usine, par laminage à chaud, collage, ou autres méthodes, de manière à réduire le temps total de pose du revêtement sur le lieu du chantier.  Alternatively, the fixing operations could be carried out directly in the factory, by hot rolling, gluing, or other methods, so as to reduce the total time of laying the coating on the site.
La figure 2 présente une vue rapprochée de la surface 1 et de son premier ensemble 100, ainsi que du revêtement 2 et de son second ensemble 200. FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of the surface 1 and its first assembly 100, as well as the coating 2 and its second assembly 200.
Les éléments de retenue 120 et 220 du premier ensemble 100 et du second ensemble 200 forment une liaison réversible, du type auto agrippant, c'est-à-dire qu'ils s'engagent par mise au contact.  The retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first set 100 and the second set 200 form a reversible connection, of the self-gripping type, that is to say that they engage by contacting.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le premier élément de retenue 120 comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des crochets, tandis que le second élément de retenue 220 comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des boucles. In the example shown, the first retaining element 120 comprises a retaining element field comprising hooks, while the second retaining element 220 comprises a retaining element field comprising loops.
Dans l'exemple représenté, la surface 1 comprend donc le champ de crochets, tandis que le revêtement 2 présente les boucles. La configuration inverse est bien évidemment également possible ; les premier et second ensembles peuvent être disposés sur la surface 1 et sur le revêtement 2 de sorte que le revêtement 2 présente les champs de crochets tandis que la surface 1 présente les boucles. Le fonctionnement du système demeure inchangé. Ainsi, en mettant le revêtement 2 au contact de la surface 1, le premier élément de retenue 120 engage le second élément de retenue 220, de manière à assurer un maintien en position du revêtement 2 sur la surface 1. Les premier et second ensembles 100 et 200 sont configurés de manière à ce que la liaison qu'ils forment présente certaines propriétés, notamment de sorte que la liaison formée présente un premier déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité inférieur à 2mm selon un premier axe XI. In the example shown, the surface 1 thus comprises the field of hooks, while the coating 2 presents the loops. The reverse configuration is of course also possible; the first and second sets can be arranged on the surface 1 and on the coating 2 so that the coating 2 has the hook fields while the surface 1 has the loops. The operation of the system remains unchanged. Thus, by putting the coating 2 in contact with the surface 1, the first retaining element 120 engages the second retaining element 220, so as to ensure that the coating 2 is held in position on the surface 1. The first and second assemblies 100 and 200 are configured so that the bond they form has certain properties, in particular so that the bond formed has a first displacement under the effect of gravity less than 2 mm along a first axis XI.
Dans le cas de la figure 1, ce premier axe XI est par exemple un axe parallèle au plan de la surface 1, par exemple un axe vertical, traduisant alors un glissement du revêtement 2 sur la surface 1, ou un axe horizontal perpendiculaire à la surface 1, traduisant alors un bâillement du revêtement 2 sur la surface 1. In the case of FIG. 1, this first axis XI is for example an axis parallel to the plane of the surface 1, for example a vertical axis, thus translating a sliding of the coating 2 on the surface 1, or a horizontal axis perpendicular to the surface 1, then translating a yawn of the coating 2 on the surface 1.
Le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 sont typiquement adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un deuxième déplacement inférieur à 2 mm selon un deuxième axe X2 perpendiculaire au premier axe XI. The first set 100 and the second set 200 are typically adapted to make a connection having a second displacement less than 2 mm along a second axis X 2 perpendicular to the first axis XI.
L'axe XI peut ainsi traduire le glissement du revêtement 2 sur la surface 1 tandis que l'axe X2 traduit le bâillement, ou inversement. On représente sur la figure 1 un exemple des axes XI et X2, l'axe XI vertical et parallèle à la surface 1 traduisant alors le glissement sous l'effet du poids du revêtement 2, tandis que l'axe X2 perpendiculaire à la surface 2 traduit le bâillement. Le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 sont ainsi typiquement configurés de manière à former une liaison présentant un glissement inférieur à 2mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 2mm, ou plus précisément un glissement inférieur à 1,5 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 1,5 mm. The axis XI can thus translate the sliding of the coating 2 on the surface 1 while the X2 axis translates the yawn, or vice versa. FIG. 1 shows an example of the axes XI and X2, the vertical axis XI and parallel to the surface 1 then translating the sliding under the effect of the weight of the coating 2, while the axis X 2 perpendicular to the surface 2 translated yawn. The first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 are thus typically configured to form a connection having a slip of less than 2 mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm, and a yawn less than 1.5 mm.
Ainsi, le revêtement 2 posé sur la surface 1 est maintenu en position de manière fiable, et ne procure pas à l'utilisateur une impression de pose peu résistante ou mal réalisée ou encore non sécurisée. Thus, the coating 2 placed on the surface 1 is reliably held in position, and does not provide the user with an impression of poor installation or poorly done or unsecured.
Par ailleurs, le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 peuvent également être adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance à la traction comprise entre 1,0 et 20,0 N/cm2, en particulier entre 3 et 20 N/cm2, encore plus particulièrement entre 4 et 20 N/cm2 mesurée selon la norme NF EN 13780. On the other hand, the first set 100 and the second set 200 may also be adapted to provide a bond having a tensile strength of between 1.0 and 20.0 N / cm 2 , in particular between 3 and 20 N / cm 2. cm 2 , even more particularly between 4 and 20 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF EN 13780.
Le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 peuvent également être adaptés, en particulier dans le cas d'un revêtement souple, de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance au pelage comprise entre 0,05 et 5 N/cm, plus particulièrement entre 1 et 4 N/cm ou préférentiellement entre 0,05 N/cm et 3 N/cm mesurée selon la norme NF EN 12242. The first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 can also be adapted, in particular in the case of a flexible coating, so as to achieve a bond having a peel strength of between 0.05 and 5 N / cm, more particularly between 1 and 4 N / cm or preferably between 0.05 N / cm and 3 N / cm measured according to standard NF EN 12242.
Le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 peuvent également être adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance au décrochage perpendiculaire, qui est perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan formé par le premier ensemble 100 ou le second ensemble 200, comprise entre 0,1 N/cm2 et 15 N/cm2, plus particulièrement entre 1 N/cm2 et 7 N/cm2, encore plus particulièrement entre 1,5 N/cm2 et 5.5 N/cm2 mesurée selon la norme NF G91-103. The first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 may also be adapted so as to provide a link having a perpendicular stall resistance, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane formed by the first set 100 or the second set 200, between 0, 1 N / cm 2 and 15 N / cm 2 , more particularly between 1 N / cm 2 and 7 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 1.5 N / cm 2 and 5.5 N / cm 2 measured according to standard NF G91 -103.
On représente sur la figure 3 une vue détaillée de la structure de boucles pouvant être utilisées en tant qu'élément de retenue, et sur la figure 4 une vue détaillée d'un crochet pouvant être utilisé en tant qu'élément de retenue coopérant avec les boucles présentées sur la figure 3. Le champ de boucles représenté sur la figure 3 est du type tricotage en particulier du type tricotage chaîne. FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the structure of loops that can be used as a retaining element, and on the FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a hook that can be used as a retaining element cooperating with the loops shown in FIG. 3. The loop field shown in FIG. 3 is of the knitting type, in particular of the warp knitting type.
Il comprend ainsi des fils de chaîne 230, et des fils de trame 240 perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaires, ou dans certains cas inclinés, aux fils de chaîne 230, ces fils de trame 240 et de chaîne 230 formant ainsi une base, par exemple un quadrillage, dans lequel sont tricotés des boucles 250, par démaillage, présentant chacune deux pieds 255 entourant l'intersection des fils de chaîne 230 et de trame 240.  It thus comprises warp threads 230, and weft threads 240 perpendicular or substantially perpendicular, or in some cases inclined, to warp threads 230, these weft threads 240 and warp thread 230 thus forming a base, for example a grid , in which are knitted loops 250, by unraveling, each having two feet 255 surrounding the intersection of the warp son 230 and weft 240.
Les boucles 250 sont ici formées entre deux pieds 255 disposés selon une direction définie par les fils de chaîne 230. The loops 250 are here formed between two feet 255 arranged in a direction defined by the warp son 230.
La direction des fils de trame 240 définit ainsi la direction des boucles des lignes de boucles 250, disposées successivement, les boucles 250 étant chacune formées par les fils reliant les pieds 255 successifs. La longueur de ces fils étant supérieure à la distance entre deux pieds 255 successifs, les fils forment donc une boucle, définissant ainsi un sommet de la boucle 250 correspondant à son point le plus éloigné du fil de chaîne 230 considéré, et définissant ainsi pour chaque boucle une hauteur Hb de boucle. L'orientation des boucles par rapport à la gravité définit le type de champ de boucles, qui peut être par exemple du type « boucles vers le haut » ou « boucles vers le bas ». The direction of the weft threads 240 thus defines the direction of the loops of the loop lines 250, arranged successively, the loops 250 being each formed by the son connecting the successive feet 255. Since the length of these wires is greater than the distance between two successive feet 255, the wires thus form a loop, thus defining an apex of the loop 250 corresponding to its furthest point of the warp 230 considered, and thus defining for each loop a loop Hb height. The orientation of the loops with respect to gravity defines the type of loop field, which may for example be of the "loops up" or "loops down" type.
Cette orientation est définie en fonction de la position de la boucle 250 par rapport au fil de chaîne 230 qu'entourent ses pieds 255 ; si la boucle 250 est au-dessus du fil de chaîne 230, on parle de boucles vers le haut, et si la boucle 250 est en dessous du fil de chaîne 230, on parle de boucles vers le bas, le « dessus » et le dessous » étant définis par rapport à la gravité. Sur la figure 2, les boucles sont donc du type « vers le bas », tandis que sur la figure 3, les boucles sont du type « vers le haut ». This orientation is defined as a function of the position of the loop 250 relative to the warp 230 that surrounds its feet 255; if the loop 250 is above the warp 230, we speak of loops upwards, and if the loop 250 is below the warp 230, we speak of loops down, the "top" and the below "being defined with respect to gravity. In FIG. 2, the loops are thus of the type "towards the bottom ", while in Figure 3, the loops are of the" upward "type.
Comme indiqué précédemment, le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 sont ainsi typiquement configurés de manière à former une liaison présentant un glissement inférieur à 2 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 2 mm, ou plus précisément un glissement inférieur à 1,5 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 1,5 mm, ces valeurs étant obtenues quelle que soit l'orientation des boucles 250, vers le haut ou vers le bas.  As indicated above, the first assembly 100 and the second assembly 200 are thus typically configured so as to form a connection having a slip of less than 2 mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm , and a yawn less than 1.5 mm, these values being obtained regardless of the orientation of the loops 250, upwards or downwards.
Dans le cas où le système est appliqué à une surface verticale telle qu'une paroi verticale, on orientera typiquement les boucles vers le bas, étant entendu qu'en fonction des applications, une orientation des boucles vers le haut peut s'avérer avantageuse In the case where the system is applied to a vertical surface such as a vertical wall, the loops are typically oriented downward, it being understood that depending on the applications, upward orientation of the loops may be advantageous.
Le second élément de retenue 220 comprend ainsi typiquement un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des boucles ayant une hauteur Hb comprise entre 0,1 et 3,0 mm, en particulier entre 0,1 et 2,0 mm, plus particulièrement entre 0,4 et 1,5 mm, encore plus particulièrement entre 0,5 et 1 mm, typiquement de l'ordre de 0,85mm +/- 0,25mm. The second retaining element 220 thus typically comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a height Hb between 0.1 and 3.0 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 2.0 mm, more particularly between 0 , 4 and 1.5 mm, even more particularly between 0.5 and 1 mm, typically of the order of 0.85 mm +/- 0.25 mm.
Ces valeurs sont obtenues par mesure de la hauteur Hb d'un nombre significatif de bouches, ici 92 boucles, et calcul de la valeur moyenne. Dans le cas d'une boucle comprenant plusieurs filaments, on prendra en considération la valeur moyenne des hauteurs de l'ensemble des filaments de la boucle considérée. Pour calculer cette hauteur Hb, on utilise par exemple une plaque rigide et transparente disposée sur les boucles de manière à les aplatir, au moins en partie, sur les fils de trame et/ou de chaîne, et ainsi faciliter la mesure de la hauteur Hb des boucles. Le second élément de retenue 220 présente typiquement une densité de boucles comprise entre 7 et 30 mailles par centimètre, ou plus particulièrement entre 13 et 30 mailles par centimètre. Les boucles sont typiquement réalisées en Polyamide (PA) ou en Polytéréphtalate d'Ethylène (PET), les fils formant les boucles étant alors par exemple un multifilament 44dTex 10 filaments Polyamide 6 (PA6), et les fils de trame et de chaîne étant alors par exemple un monofilament 22dTex en Poly(téréphtalate d'Ethylène) (PET). Les boucles peuvent également être réalisées en Polypropylène (PP). These values are obtained by measuring the Hb height of a significant number of mouths, here 92 loops, and calculating the average value. In the case of a loop comprising several filaments, the average value of the heights of all the filaments of the considered loop will be taken into consideration. To calculate this height Hb, a rigid and transparent plate is used, for example, placed on the loops so as to flatten them, at least partly, on the weft and / or warp threads, and thus to facilitate the measurement of the height Hb. curls. The second retaining element 220 typically has a loop density of between 7 and 30 meshes per centimeter, or more particularly between 13 and 30 meshes per centimeter. The loops are typically made of polyamide (PA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the son forming the loops being then for example a multifilament 44dTex 10 filaments Polyamide 6 (PA6), and the weft and warp threads being then for example a 22dTex monofilament Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The loops can also be made of polypropylene (PP).
En variante de réalisation, le second élément de retenue pourrait être autre qu'un tissu tricoté, par exemple, un autre textile à boucles, un tissu tissé, un non tissé ou un non-tissé tricoté. Alternatively, the second retaining member could be other than a knitted fabric, for example, another looped fabric, a woven fabric, a nonwoven or a knitted nonwoven.
L'élément de retenue comprenant un champ de boucles est typiquement collé sur un support, par exemple un film polyoléfine, typiquement en polyéthylène basse densité. The retaining element comprising a loop field is typically bonded to a support, for example a polyolefin film, typically of low density polyethylene.
La figure 4 représente schématiquement un exemple de crochet d'un champ de crochets tel que comprend par exemple le premier élément de retenue 120. FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents an example of a hook of a field of hooks such as comprises, for example, the first retaining element 120.
Le crochet 130 tel que présenté comprend une tige 140 s'étendant d'une base 150, et surmontée d'une tête 145.  The hook 130 as presented comprises a rod 140 extending from a base 150, and surmounted by a head 145.
La tige 140 telle que représentée a une forme généralement cylindrique de révolution, et a un diamètre D. La tige 140 présente par exemple une section transversale polygonale, par exemple rectangulaire ou sensiblement rectangulaire ou carrée, ayant par exemple un rapport de la plus grande en longueur sur la plus grande dimension en largeur strictement compris entre 1 et 2, la dimension en longueur s'étendant par exemple selon la direction machine (communément désignée « MD »).  The rod 140 as shown has a generally cylindrical shape of revolution, and has a diameter D. The rod 140 has for example a polygonal cross section, for example rectangular or substantially rectangular or square, having for example a ratio of the largest in length on the largest dimension in width strictly between 1 and 2, the length dimension extending for example according to the machine direction (commonly referred to as "MD").
La tête 145 telle que représentée a une forme générale concave, de dimension maximale supérieure au diamètre D de la tige 140 de manière à définir des portions d'accroché 146 s'étendant au-delà de la tige 140. La tête 145 peut par exemple présenter une projection en vue de dessus ovale, circulaire, rectangulaire, hexagonale, octogonale ou encore quelconque. On définit pour chaque crochet une hauteur, correspondant à la distance entre la base 150 et son point le plus éloigné de la base, la distance par rapport à la base étant mesurée selon une direction perpendiculaire à cette base. The head 145 as shown has a generally concave shape, of greater maximum dimension than the diameter D of the rod 140 so as to define hooking portions 146 extending beyond the rod 140. The head 145 may for example present an oval, circular, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal or any other projection. For each hook, a height is defined corresponding to the distance between the base 150 and its point furthest from the base, the distance from the base being measured in a direction perpendicular to this base.
Le premier élément de retenue 120 comprend ainsi par exemple un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des crochets ayant une hauteur comprise entre 0,05mm et 1 mm. The first retaining element 120 thus comprises, for example, a retaining element field comprising hooks having a height of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm.
La tige 140 présente par exemple un diamètre compris entre 0,05mm et 0,80 mm, et la tête 145 présente alors par exemple une hauteur Ht comprise entre 0,01 et 0,15 mm, la hauteur de la tête Ht étant la distance mesurée selon un axe longitudinal de la tige 140, entre le point de la tête 145 le plus éloigné de la base 150, et le point de la tête 145 le plus proche de la base 150. The rod 140 has for example a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm, and the head 145 then has for example a height Ht between 0.01 and 0.15 mm, the height of the head Ht being the distance measured along a longitudinal axis of the rod 140, between the point of the head 145 farthest from the base 150, and the point of the head 145 closest to the base 150.
Les boucles 250 et les tiges 140 sont typiquement réalisées de sorte que les hauteurs Hb et Ht soient telles que Hb/Ht > 1, ou plus précisément telles que 2 < Hb/Ht < 40, ou encore plus précisément telles que 3< Hb/Ht < 30, ou encore telles que 3 < Hb/Ht < 19. The loops 250 and the rods 140 are typically made so that the heights Hb and Ht are such that Hb / Ht> 1, or more precisely such as 2 <Hb / Ht <40, or more precisely such as 3 <Hb / Ht <30, or such as 3 <Hb / Ht <19.
Le premier élément de retenue 120 comprend ainsi par exemple un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des crochets, avec une densité de crochets comprise entre 100 et 500 crochets par cm2, plus particulièrement entre 110 et 500 crochets par cm2, ou plus précisément entre 200 et 400 crochets par cm2, ou encore entre 250 et 350 crochets par cm2. The first retaining element 120 thus comprises, for example, a retaining element field comprising hooks, with a hook density of between 100 and 500 hooks per cm 2 , more particularly between 110 and 500 hooks per cm 2 , or more precisely between 200 and 400 hooks per cm 2 , or between 250 and 350 hooks per cm 2 .
Les crochets sont typiquement réalisés en polypropylène (PP).  The hooks are typically made of polypropylene (PP).
Le second élément de retenue 220 présente typiquement un nombre de boucles compris entre 10 et 100 boucles par cm2, ou plus particulièrement entre 10 et 90 boucles par cm2, plus précisément entre 30 et 70 boucles par cm2. Le premier élément de retenue 120 et le second élément de retenue 220 sont typiquement réalisés de sorte que le rapport entre le nombre de boucles par cm2 sur le nombre de crochets par cm2 est inférieur à 1, plus particulièrement compris entre 6% et 70%, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 6% et 50%. The second retaining element 220 typically has a number of loops of between 10 and 100 loops per cm 2 , or more particularly between 10 and 90 loops per cm 2 , more precisely between 30 and 70 loops per cm 2 . The first retaining element 120 and the second retaining element 220 are typically made so that the ratio between the number of loops per cm 2 over the number of hooks per cm 2 is less than 1, more particularly between 6% and 70%. %, or even more particularly between 6% and 50%.
Un tel rapport augmente la probabilité de coopération d'une boucle avec plusieurs crochets.  Such a ratio increases the probability of a loop's cooperation with several brackets.
Le premier ensemble 100 et/ou le second ensemble 200 sont avantageusement choisis de manière à ce que la masse d'au moins celui desdits ensembles qui est fixé au revêtement 2 soit inférieure à la masse du revêtement 2. The first set 100 and / or the second set 200 are advantageously chosen so that the mass of at least that of said sets which is fixed to the coating 2 is less than the mass of the coating 2.
Le premier ensemble 100 et/ou le second ensemble 200 ont ainsi typiquement un poids compris entre 50 et 300 grammes/m2, ou encore entre 100 et 200 grammes/m2. Le revêtement 2 présente typiquement une masse par unité de surface comprise entre 0,04 et 30 kg/m2, ou 1 et 30 kg/m2, ou encore entre 2 et 24 kg/m2, ou plus précisément entre 8 et 15 kg/m2. Il peut par exemple s'agir d'un carreau de faïence de 600g, de dimensions 20 x 25 cm, soit une masse par unité se surface égale à 12 kg/m2. The first set 100 and / or the second set 200 and typically have a weight of between 50 and 300 grams / m 2 , or between 100 and 200 grams / m 2 . The coating 2 typically has a mass per unit area of between 0.04 and 30 kg / m 2 , or 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or more precisely between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 . It can for example be a tile of 600g earthenware, dimensions 20 x 25 cm, or a mass per unit surface area equal to 12 kg / m 2 .
La composition du revêtement 1 comprend typiquement à 30% au moins, en particulier à 40% au moins, plus particulièrement à 50% au moins, l'une des matières suivantes : pulpe de bois, pulpe de papier, gypse, pâte céramique, argiles, porcelaine, terre cuite, grès, PVC, résine polyester, verre, pierre naturelle, bois, matière minérale, une matière minérale siliceuse, ou une matière minérale calcaire.  The composition of the coating 1 typically comprises at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, more particularly at least 50%, one of the following materials: wood pulp, paper pulp, gypsum, ceramic paste, clays , porcelain, terra cotta, sandstone, PVC, polyester resin, glass, natural stone, wood, mineral matter, siliceous mineral material, or calcareous mineral matter.
La composition de la paroi ou du support comprend typiquement à 30% au moins, en particulier à 40% au moins, plus particulièrement à 50% au moins, l'une des matières suivantes : pulpe de bois, pulpe de papier, gypse, pâte céramique, argiles, porcelaine, terre cuite, grès, PVC, résine polyester, verre, pierre naturelle, bois, matière minérale, une matière minérale siliceuse, ou une matière minérale calcaire. Les boucles présentent typiquement une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 0,6 mm, ou plus particulièrement entre 0,3 et 0,35 mm, mesurée selon la norme NF EN ISO 9073-2 (0,1 KPa, 10s). Les exemples de crochets et de boucles présentés sont un exemple d'éléments de retenue pouvant constituer le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 de manière à obtenir une liaison présentant les caractéristiques souhaitées. The composition of the wall or support typically comprises at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, more particularly at least 50%, one of the following materials: wood pulp, paper pulp, gypsum, paste ceramic, clays, porcelain, terracotta, sandstone, PVC, polyester resin, glass, natural stone, wood, mineral matter, siliceous mineral material, or limestone mineral material. The loops typically have a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.6 mm, or more particularly between 0.3 and 0.35 mm, measured according to the standard NF EN ISO 9073-2 (0.1 KPa, 10s). The examples of hooks and loops shown are an example of retaining elements that can constitute the first set 100 and the second set 200 so as to obtain a bond having the desired characteristics.
D'autres types de crochets et de boucles peuvent également être utilisés.  Other types of hooks and loops can also be used.
Pour l'utilisation d'un système tel que précédemment décrit pour la fixation d'un revêtement sur une surface, un utilisateur réalise typiquement les étapes suivantes : For the use of a system as previously described for fixing a coating on a surface, a user typically performs the following steps:
- on fixe l'un parmi le premier ensemble 100 ou le second ensemble sur la surface 1,  one of the first set 100 or the second set is fixed on the surface 1,
- on fixe l'autre parmi le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 sur une face du revêtement 2,  the other one is fixed among the first set 100 and the second set 200 on one face of the covering 2,
- on appose, en une seule étape, le revêtement 2 sur la surface 1, de manière à ce que les éléments de retenue 120 et 220 des premier et second ensembles 100 et 200 s'engagent.  the coating 2 is affixed in a single step on the surface 1, so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage.
Lors de l'étape d'apposition, le revêtement apposé est à distance du revêtement adjacent qui a été apposé préalablement. Cette distance de séparation peut être comprise entre 0.01mm et 30mm en fonction du type de revêtement à apposer. Dans le cas d'un revêtement du type carreau de faïence, la distance de séparation est de l'ordre de 5 mm. Le premier ensemble 100 et le second ensemble 200 sont chacun fixés sur la surface 1 et sur le revêtement 2 par exemple au moyen d'un adhésif, d'une colle, ou tout autre élément de fixation adapté. During the apposition step, the applied coating is away from the adjacent coating that has been affixed previously. This separation distance can be between 0.01mm and 30mm depending on the type of coating to be affixed. In the case of a tiling of the earthenware type, the separation distance is of the order of 5 mm. The first set 100 and the second set 200 are each fixed on the surface 1 and the coating 2 for example by means of an adhesive, an adhesive, or any other suitable fastening element.
Ainsi, une fois ces ensembles fixés, l'utilisateur peut aisément les positionner et si nécessaire les repositionner, sans être gêné par les contraintes liées à l'utilisation de la colle. L'utilisateur peut ainsi facilement retirer le revêtement 1 de la surface 2, par exemple lorsqu'il souhaite le changer. Thus, once these sets fixed, the user can easily position them and if necessary reposition them, without being bothered by the constraints related to the use of the glue. The user can easily remove the coating 1 from the surface 2, for example when it wishes to change it.
L'ensemble 100 ou 200 fixé sur une face du revêtement 2 est typiquement fixé de sorte que ladite face du revêtement 2 soit recouverte d'élément de retenue à 100%, plus particulièrement à 75%, plus particulièrement à 50%, typiquement de sorte que les éléments de retenue soient disposés majoritairement au centre et en périphérie de la limite de cette face du revêtement 2. The set 100 or 200 fixed on one face of the coating 2 is typically fixed so that said face of the coating 2 is covered with a 100% retaining element, more particularly 75%, more particularly 50%, typically that the retaining elements are arranged mainly in the center and on the periphery of the limit of this face of the coating 2.
Pour mesurer le bâillement du revêtement sur la surface de la paroi verticale, on réalise typiquement les étapes suivantes : To measure the yawn of the coating on the surface of the vertical wall, the following steps are typically performed:
- Bl : On accroche (par exemple avec un adhésif ou un auto- agrippant) une masse additionnelle de 1kg sur une face externe du revêtement (opposée à la face sur laquelle sont disposés les éléments de retenue), au centre de celle-ci.  - Bl: It hangs (for example with an adhesive or self-gripping) an additional mass of 1kg on an outer face of the coating (opposite the face on which are arranged the retaining elements) in the center thereof.
- B2 : on appose le revêtement 2 et la masse additionnelle sur la surface 1, de manière à ce que les éléments de retenue 120 et 220 des premier et second ensembles 100 et 200 s'engagent.  B2: the coating 2 and the additional mass are affixed to the surface 1, so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage.
- B3 : tout en maintenant le revêtement et la masse additionnelle dans la position de l'étape B2, on mesure la distance (bi) entre le revêtement et la paroi verticale selon un axe perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire à la paroi, cette distance bi correspond à l'écart maximal entre la paroi verticale et le revêtement dans cette configuration.  B3: while maintaining the coating and the additional mass in the position of step B2, measuring the distance (bi) between the coating and the vertical wall along an axis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the wall, this distance bi corresponds at the maximum distance between the vertical wall and the liner in this configuration.
- B4 : on relâche sans à-coup le revêtement et la masse additionnelle,  - B4: smoothly releases the coating and the additional mass,
- B5 : trois heures après l'étape B4, on mesure la distance (bl) entre le revêtement et la paroi verticale selon un axe perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire à la paroi et similairement à l'étape B5: three hours after step B4, the distance (b1) between the coating and the vertical wall is measured along an axis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the wall and similarly to the step
B3. Cette distance bl correspond à l'écart maximal entre la paroi verticale et le revêtement dans cette configuration. Le bâillement correspond à l'écart entre les mesures effectuées aux étapes B5 et B3, soit bl-bi. B3. This distance bl corresponds to the maximum difference between the vertical wall and the coating in this configuration. Yaw is the difference between the measurements made in steps B5 and B3, that is, bl-bi.
Les mesures des étapes B3 et B5 sont typiquement réalisées par laser.  The measurements of steps B3 and B5 are typically performed by laser.
Pour mesurer le glissement du revêtement sur la surface de la paroi verticale, on réalise typiquement les étapes suivantes : To measure the sliding of the coating on the surface of the vertical wall, the following steps are typically performed:
- Gl : On accroche (par exemple avec un adhésif ou un auto- agrippant) une masse additionnelle de 1kg sur une face externe du revêtement (opposée à la face sur laquelle sont disposés les éléments de retenue), au centre de celle-ci,  - Gl: One hangs (for example with an adhesive or a self-gripping) an additional mass of 1kg on an external face of the coating (opposite to the face on which the retaining elements are arranged), in the center of this one,
- G2 : on appose le revêtement 2 et la masse additionnelle sur la surface 1 (ici une paroi verticale), de manière à ce que les éléments de retenue 120 et 220 des premier et second ensembles 100 et 200 s'engagent,  - G2: the coating 2 and the additional mass are affixed to the surface 1 (here a vertical wall), so that the retaining elements 120 and 220 of the first and second assemblies 100 and 200 engage,
- G3 : tout en maintenant le revêtement et la masse additionnelle dans la position de l'étape G2, on relève en hauteur (gi) la position du revêtement et de la masse additionnelle par rapport à un axe parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle à la paroi verticale,  G3: while maintaining the coating and the additional mass in the position of step G2, the height of the position of the coating and of the additional mass is raised in height relative to an axis parallel or substantially parallel to the vertical wall ,
- G4 : on relâche sans à-coup le revêtement et la masse additionnelle,  - G4: smoothly release the coating and the additional mass,
- G5 : trois heures après l'étape G4, on mesure la nouvelle hauteur (gl) de la position du revêtement et de la masse additionnelle par rapport à la paroi verticale selon un axe parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle à la paroi et similairement à l'étape G3.  - G5: three hours after step G4, measuring the new height (gl) of the position of the coating and the additional mass relative to the vertical wall along an axis parallel or substantially parallel to the wall and similarly to the step G3.
Le glissement correspond à l'écart entre les mesures effectuées aux étapes G5 et G3, soit gl-gi.  The slip corresponds to the difference between the measurements made in steps G5 and G3, ie gl-gi.
Les mesures des étapes G3 et G5 sont typiquement réalisées par laser.  The measurements of steps G3 and G5 are typically performed by laser.
On note que dans les exemples de procédés présentés présentent des étapes communes, et les mesures de glissement et de bâillement peuvent être effectuées simultanément sur un même échantillon. It is noted that in the examples of methods presented have common steps, and the sliding and yawning measurements can be performed simultaneously on the same sample.
On note par ailleurs que l'utilisation d'une masse additionnelle de 1kg vise uniquement à réduire le temps nécessaire pour effectuer les mesures en accélérant le déplacement du revêtement de manière à ce que l'attente nécessaire entre les étapes B4 et B5 et entre les étapes G4 et G5 ne soit pas trop élevée, sans pour autant amplifier le déplacement. It should be noted that the use of an additional mass of 1kg is only intended to reduce the time required to perform the measurements by accelerating the displacement of the coating so that the time required between steps B4 and B5 and between steps G4 and G5 is not too high, without amplifying the displacement.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Système pour la fixation d'un revêtement (2) sur une surface (1), comprenant A system for attaching a coating (2) to a surface (1), comprising
- un premier ensemble (100) comprenant un premier élément de retenue (120),  a first assembly (100) comprising a first retaining element (120),
- un second ensemble (200) comprenant un second élément de retenue (220),  a second assembly (200) comprising a second retaining element (220),
les premier et second éléments de retenue (120, 220) étant configurés pour s'engager de manière à réaliser une liaison réversible, the first and second retaining members (120,220) being configured to engage to effect a reversible connection,
le système étant caractérisé en ce que le premier élément de retenue (120) comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des crochets ayant une hauteur (Hc) comprise entre 0,05 mm et 1 mm, et le second élément de retenue (220) comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des boucles ayant une hauteur (Hb) comprise entre 0,1 et 3,0 mm, de sorte que le premier ensemble (100) et le second ensemble (200) sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un premier déplacement sous l'effet de la gravité inférieur à 2mm selon un premier axe. the system being characterized in that the first retaining element (120) comprises a retaining element field comprising hooks having a height (Hc) of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm, and the second retaining element (220 ) comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a height (Hb) of between 0.1 and 3.0 mm, so that the first set (100) and the second set (200) are adapted to making a connection having a first displacement under the effect of gravity less than 2mm along a first axis.
2. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier ensemble (100) et le second ensemble (200) sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un deuxième déplacement inférieur à 2 mm selon un deuxième axe perpendiculaire au premier axe. 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the first set (100) and the second set (200) are adapted to make a connection having a second displacement less than 2 mm along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
3. Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'un des axes est dans un plan parallèle au plan de la surface (1), et l'autre des axes est dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de la surface (1). 3. System according to claim 2, wherein one of the axes is in a plane parallel to the plane of the surface (1), and the other of the axes is in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the surface (1).
4. Système selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le premier ensemble (100) et le second ensemble (200) sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant un glissement inférieur à 2 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 2 mm, ou plus précisément un glissement inférieur à 1,5 mm, et un bâillement inférieur à 1,5 mm. 4. System according to claim 3, wherein the first set (100) and the second set (200) are adapted to make a connection having a slip of less than 2 mm, and a yawn less than 2 mm, or more precisely a slip of less than 1.5 mm, and a yawn less than 1.5 mm.
5. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le premier ensemble (100) et le second ensemble (200) sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance à la traction comprise entre 1,0 et 20,0 N/cm2, en particulier entre 3 et 20 N/cm2, encore plus particulièrement entre 4 et 20 N/cm2. 5. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first set (100) and the second set (200) are adapted to achieve a bond having a tensile strength of between 1.0 and 20, 0 N / cm 2 , in particular between 3 and 20 N / cm 2 , even more particularly between 4 and 20 N / cm 2 .
6. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les éléments de retenue (120) du premier ensemble (100) et les éléments de retenue (220) du second ensemble (200) sont adaptés de manière à réaliser une liaison présentant une résistance au pelage comprise entre 0,05 et 5 N/cm, plus particulièrement entre 1 et 4 N/cm, ou encore entre 0,05 N/cm et 3 N/cm. 6. System according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the retaining elements (120) of the first set (100) and the retaining elements (220) of the second set (200) are adapted so as to form a connection having a peel strength of between 0.05 and 5 N / cm, more particularly between 1 and 4 N / cm, or between 0.05 N / cm and 3 N / cm.
7. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le second élément de retenue (220) comprend un champ d'éléments de retenue comprenant des boucles ayant une hauteur (Hb) comprise entre 0,4 et 1,5 mm, ou plus particulièrement entre 0,5 et 1 mm. 7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second retaining element (220) comprises a retaining element field comprising loops having a height (Hb) of between 0.4 and 1.5 mm. , or more particularly between 0.5 and 1 mm.
8. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel les crochets comprennent une tige (140) et une portion agrippante (145), la portion agrippante (145) présentant une hauteur (Ht) comprise entre 0,01 et 0,15 mm, et la tige (140) présentant un diamètre (D) compris entre 0,05mm et 0,80 mm. 8. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hooks comprise a rod (140) and a gripping portion (145), the gripping portion (145) having a height (Ht) between 0.01 and 0 , 15 mm, and the rod (140) having a diameter (D) of between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm.
9. Système selon la revendication 8, dans lequel les hauteurs Hb et Ht sont telles que Hb/Ht > 1, ou plus précisément telles que 2 < Hb/Ht < 40, ou encore plus précisément telles que 3 < Hb/Ht < 30, ou encore telles que 3 < Hb/Ht < 19. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the heights Hb and Ht are such that Hb / Ht> 1, or more precisely such as 2 <Hb / Ht <40, or more precisely such as 3 <Hb / Ht <30 , or such as 3 <Hb / Ht <19.
10. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel le second élément de retenue (220) présente une densité de boucles comprise entre 7 et 30 mailles par cm. 10. System according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second retaining element (220) has a loop density of between 7 and 30 mesh per cm.
11. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, dans lequel le premier élément de retenue (120) présente une densité de crochets comprise entre 100 et 500 crochets par cm2, plus particulièrement entre 110 et 500 crochets par cm2. 11. System according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the first retaining element (120) has a hook density of between 100 and 500 hooks per cm 2 , more particularly between 110 and 500 hooks per cm 2 .
12. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, dans lequel les crochets du premier élément de retenue (120) sont réalisés en polypropylène (PP), et dans lequel les boucles du second élément de retenue (220) sont réalisées en Polyamide (PA) ou en Poly(téréphtalate d'Ethylène) (PET). 12. System according to one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the hooks of the first retaining element (120) are made of polypropylene (PP), and wherein the loops of the second retaining element (220) are made of polyamide. (PA) or Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET).
13. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, dans lequel le second élément de retenue (220) présente un nombre de boucles compris entre 10 et 100 boucles par cm2, plus particulièrement entre 10 et 90 boucles par cm2, ou plus précisément entre 30 et 70 boucles par cm2. 13. System according to one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the second retaining element (220) has a number of loops of between 10 and 100 loops per cm 2 , more particularly between 10 and 90 loops per cm 2 , or more precisely between 30 and 70 loops per cm 2 .
14. Système selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13, dans lequel le rapport entre le nombre de boucles par cm2 sur le nombre de crochets par cm2 est inférieur à 1, plus particulièrement compris entre 6% et 70%, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 6% et 50%. 14. System according to one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the ratio between the number of loops per cm 2 on the number of hooks per cm 2 is less than 1, more particularly between 6% and 70%, or more particularly between 6% and 50%.
15. Ensemble comprenant un système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, et un revêtement (2), dans lequel le revêtement (2) présente une masse par unité de surface comprise entre 1 et 30 kg/m2, ou plus particulièrement entre 2 et 24 kg/m2, ou encore plus particulièrement entre 8 et 15 kg/m2. 15. An assembly comprising a system according to one of claims 1 to 14, and a coating (2), wherein the coating (2) has a mass per unit area of between 1 and 30 kg / m 2 , or more particularly between 2 and 24 kg / m 2 , or even more particularly between 8 and 15 kg / m 2 .
16. Procédé de fixation d'un revêtement (2) sur une surface (1) au moyen d'un système de fixation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, dans lequel, 16. A method of fixing a coating (2) on a surface (1) by means of a fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein,
- on fixe le premier ensemble (100) sur la surface (1),  the first set (100) is fixed on the surface (1),
- on fixe le second ensemble (200) sur une face du revêtement (2), the second assembly (200) is fixed on one face of the coating (2),
- on appose le revêtement (2) sur la surface (1), de manière à ce que les éléments de retenue (120, 220) des premier et second ensembles (100, 200) s'engagent. the coating (2) is affixed to the surface (1), so that the retaining elements (120, 220) of the first and second assemblies (100, 200) engage.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le second ensemble (200) est fixé sur une face du revêtement (2), de sorte que ladite face du revêtement (2) soit recouverte d'élément de retenue à 100%, plus particulièrement à 75%, plus particulièrement à 50%, typiquement majoritairement au centre et en périphérie de la limite de cette face du revêtement (2). 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second assembly (200) is fixed on one side of the coating (2), so that said face of the coating (2) is covered with 100% retaining element, more particularly at 75%, more particularly at 50%, typically predominantly in the center and at the periphery of the boundary of this face of the coating (2).
EP16785215.1A 2015-09-24 2016-09-23 Fastening system, for example for wall panels Active EP3353357B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1559016A FR3041670B1 (en) 2015-09-24 2015-09-24 HANGING SYSTEM, FOR EXAMPLE FOR PANELS
PCT/FR2016/052415 WO2017051132A2 (en) 2015-09-24 2016-09-23 Coupling system, for example for panels

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US20180298617A1 (en) 2018-10-18
US10378215B2 (en) 2019-08-13
CN108291404B (en) 2021-07-27
JP2018528343A (en) 2018-09-27
WO2017051132A3 (en) 2017-09-28
FR3041670A1 (en) 2017-03-31
CN108291404A (en) 2018-07-17
EP3353357B1 (en) 2022-07-06
FR3041670B1 (en) 2017-11-03
WO2017051132A2 (en) 2017-03-30

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