EP3347573B1 - Dummy wheel disk, and method for machining blades - Google Patents
Dummy wheel disk, and method for machining blades Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3347573B1 EP3347573B1 EP16774930.8A EP16774930A EP3347573B1 EP 3347573 B1 EP3347573 B1 EP 3347573B1 EP 16774930 A EP16774930 A EP 16774930A EP 3347573 B1 EP3347573 B1 EP 3347573B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wheel disc
- dummy
- blades
- dummy wheel
- spalt
- Prior art date
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
- F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
- F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
- F01D5/3015—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type with side plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
- F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
- F01D5/32—Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
- F01D5/326—Locking of axial insertion type blades by other means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/72—Maintenance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dummy wheel disk for receiving blades of a turbomachine during machining in a processing machine, with a disk-shaped or annular base body along whose peripheral surface substantially axially extending receiving grooves are formed whose cross-sectional shape in each case to the cross-sectional shape of blade roots adapted to the blades to be machined. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dummy wheel disc set with a plurality of dummy wheel discs of the aforementioned type and a method for mechanically machining blades that are to replace already used in a turbomachine blades, using a dummy wheel disc of such a dummy Radschesensatzes ,
- Turbomachines such as turbines, typically include a housing, a rotor rotatably received in the housing having a plurality of wheel discs with blades disposed therein, and vanes attached to the housing positioned upstream of the blades to form a plurality of stages in the flow direction , The vanes, during operation of the turbine, direct the flow medium onto the blades that rotate the rotor, thereby converting kinetic energy of the fluid into rotational energy.
- the blades of turbomachines are often exposed during operation considerable mechanical stress and wear accordingly.
- the blades must therefore usually be replaced as part of a revision of the turbomachine.
- the new blades must be shortened to a desired dimension.
- the original new-state target dimension of the worn blades can not be used, since the dimensions of the wheel disks, the blades held therein as well how the gaps between the blades and the housing during operation of the turbomachine are subject to mechanical and thermal changes.
- the rotor can alternatively also be removed from the turbomachine and unstacked, so that the blades held on a wheel disc can then be mechanically processed at a location remote from the turbomachine.
- the problem of manufacturing inaccuracies due to the poor fixation of the blades on the wheel discs persists.
- the removal and destacking of the rotor are associated with a lot of effort.
- a dummy wheel disc the structure of which basically equals the construction of a wheel disc.
- the use of such a dummy wheel disc is advantageous in that it can be dispensed with an expansion and a destacking of the rotor. The problem of manufacturing inaccuracies described above, however, remains unresolved.
- US 4, 512,115 discloses a method of cylindrical grinding of a turbine engine rotor assembly consisting of a rotor disk having a slot in which a plurality of blades are mounted on their blade roots, the rotor assembly being rotated at a relatively high speed.
- US 5, 191, 711 discloses a turbine or compressor wheel having a central rotor with a central through-hole, an outer periphery, and a plurality of grooves extending axially through the rotor and disposed near the outer periphery.
- Associated compressor or turbine blades each include an airfoil having an outer tip, a platform and a blade root portion complementarily contoured to be received in one of the grooves.
- the blades are loosely mounted in the slots of the rotor during machining of their blade tips.
- first and second ring mounts are mounted on opposite sides of the rotor to form cavities between the blades and the ring mounts and axially connected together by tightening screws.
- an elastic elastomeric element and resilient biasing elements are arranged in the form of O-rings, each extending over all the blades.
- the tightening of the screws causes compression of the resilient biasing elements and thus radially outward pressing of the blades.
- the resilient elastomeric member is caused to act on the platforms of the blades to press the blades axially against the first ring attachment.
- US 3,572,970 relates to a turbomachine comprising an annular disc formed at its periphery with a plurality of axially extending slots, each of which is adapted to receive the blade root portion of a blade, so that the disc can carry at its periphery a plurality of radially extending blades.
- the slots are radially oversized so that when the blade is in radial locking engagement with its corresponding slot, a passage is formed between a base surface of the blade root and a base surface of the slot into which a blade spacer is inserted.
- the blade spacer is radially compressed between blade and disc surfaces so that the blade is resiliently forced radially outwardly into abutment with its slot.
- the blades are secured axially by suitable hub members which are secured to the disc against back and forth movement.
- the present invention provides a dummy wheel disc according to claim 1. Thanks to the stop means, the first pressure means and the second pressure means recorded in the grooves blade roots can be arranged axially and radially in defined positions, whereby manufacturing inaccuracies are minimized.
- the use of a dummy wheel disc brings the already described advantage with it that a machining of the blades is possible without having to remove the rotor of a turbomachine and unstacking.
- the stop means have at least one stop plate which is fixed to the first end face of the base body and at least partially closes at least some of the receiving grooves, wherein the at least one stop plate is connected to the base body, in particular using fastening screws. In this way, a very simple construction of the stop means is achieved.
- the first pressure means have a plurality of plate elements which are releasably secured to the second end face of the base body, in particular using fastening screws, wherein on the plate elements at least a number of grooves corresponding number of first pressure elements is provided, each in one of the grooves axially protrude.
- at least one pressure element is associated with each blade root held on the dummy wheel disk.
- the first pressure elements are preferably adjusting screws which extend in particular axially through the plate elements and which can be actuated from the outside, or pressure elements having compression springs, which leads to a very simple and inexpensive construction.
- the second pressure means advantageously have a number of second pressure elements corresponding at least to the number of receiving grooves, which in each case protrude radially into one of the receiving grooves. In this way, at least one second pressure element for radial positioning or alignment is assigned to each blade root held on the dummy wheel disk.
- the second pressure means are preferably adjusting screws, which can be actuated from the outside, which is accompanied by a simple and inexpensive construction.
- the second pressure means extend through a circumferentially formed and axially projecting shoulder of the body, which simplifies the operation of the second pressure means, since they are easily accessible.
- the present invention are between the first pressure means and the blade roots and / or arranged between the second pressure means and the blade roots within the receiving grooves pressure distribution plates, which are in particular made of plastic.
- Such pressure distribution plates prevent the first pressure means and / or the second pressure means acting directly on the blade roots, whereby damage to the blade roots and / or to the corresponding pressure means are significantly reduced.
- the present invention further provides a dummy wheel disc set comprising a plurality of dummy wheel discs according to the invention, which differ from each other in terms of their outer diameter and / or in terms of the length of the grooves.
- a dummy wheel disc set comprising a plurality of dummy wheel discs according to the invention, which differ from each other in terms of their outer diameter and / or in terms of the length of the grooves.
- the dummy wheel discs are provided with information about their outer diameter and / or information about the length of their grooves to distinguish the individual dummy wheel discs of the dummy wheel disc set with the naked eye easily from each other.
- the inventive method has the advantage that when shortening the blade tips thanks to the discrete-time model deviations of wheel discs, blades and gaps that adjust during operation of a turbomachine against the new condition, as well as the dimensions of the dummy wheel disc can be considered.
- the discrete model used in step d) preferably uses the new-state target grinding diameter of a wheel disk already used in the turbomachine, including the blades to be replaced, the diameter of the wheel disk, and the diameter of the dummy selected in step a) Wheel disc, a NeuSullivan- gap between the blades to be replaced and a housing of the turbomachine when new, a Differenzspaltrich between the new state gap and the gap measure at the time of revision and a target gap.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 shown in the figures serves to accommodate blades 2 during machining in a processing machine not shown here.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 comprises an annular Base body 3, which is connected via spokes 4 with a hub 5, via which the dummy wheel disc 1 can be accommodated on said processing machine.
- receiving grooves 6 are formed, which each serve to receive a blade root 7 of a blade 2.
- the receiving grooves 6 extend in the present case in the axial direction, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the receiving grooves 6 is adapted in each case to the cross-sectional shape of the male blade roots 7. It should be clear that the receiving grooves 6 can in principle also extend transversely to the axial direction if the blade feet are designed accordingly.
- stop means are provided, which close the receiving grooves 6 at the first end face 8 at least predominantly.
- the stop means in the present case have a plurality of ring segment-shaped stop plates 9, which are bolted to the base body 3 using fastening screws, not shown.
- the stop means may have a single annular stop plate instead of the ring segment-shaped stop plates 9. It is also possible to replace the fastening screws with other fastening means.
- the stop plates 9 can also be firmly connected to the main body 3 by means of welding or soldering.
- first pressure means are arranged, which are designed such that they press in the receiving grooves 6 recorded blade roots 7 against the corresponding stop plates 9 of the stop means.
- the first pressure means in the present case have a plurality of ring-segment-shaped plate elements 11, which are releasably secured to the second end face 10 of the base body 3 using fastening screws 12 and associated washers 13.
- the first pressure means comprise a number of first pressure elements corresponding to the number of receiving grooves 6, which in the present case are adjusting screws 14 projecting axially in each case into one of the receiving grooves 6.
- the adjusting screw 14 can be used as the first pressure elements alternatively also compression springs Print elements are used, to name just one example.
- second pressure means are further provided, which are designed such that they press in the receiving grooves 6 recorded blade roots 7 in a radially outer position.
- the second pressure means have a number of second pressure elements corresponding to the number of receiving grooves 6, which are adjusting screws 15 which are received in threaded through-bores 16 extending radially through the base body 3 and protrude radially into the respective receiving grooves 6.
- the blade feet 7 of the blades 2 are inserted in a first step into the respective receiving grooves 6 until they come into contact with the stop plates 9.
- a pressure distribution plate 17 is arranged between the groove bottom of the respective grooves 6 and the corresponding blade roots 7, which is in the present case an elongated plastic plate whose length is slightly shorter than the length of the grooves 6, so that the pressure distribution plates 17 not protrude axially beyond the grooves 6.
- the plate elements 11 of the first pressure means are screwed to the base body 3 using the fastening screws 12 and the washers 13.
- the fastening screws 12 are tightened so that they press against the front end faces of the blade roots and corresponding to the rear end face of the blade roots 7 against the associated stop plate 9.
- the blade roots 7 are axially fixed in a defined position and aligned at the same time.
- the adjusting screws 15 of the second pressure means are tightened so that they press against the undersides of the corresponding blade roots 7 via the pressure distribution plates 17, whereby the blade roots 7 are positioned and aligned within the receiving grooves 6 in a radially outermost position.
- the pressure distribution plates 17 prevent the blade roots 7 are damaged when tightening the screws 13.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 is disposed on the above-mentioned processing machine, which is a blade tip shortening machine in the present case. whereupon the blades 2 can be machined.
- a significant advantage of the dummy wheel disc 1 shown in the figures is that it replaces a wheel disc of the turbomachine on which the blades 2 are to be arranged after the machining during the machining process.
- the blades 2 can be removed away from the turbomachine without the need for removal and unstacking of the rotor of the turbomachine.
- Another significant advantage is that the blades 2 can be arranged and aligned axially and radially in defined positions thanks to the inventive design of the dummy wheel disc during machining, whereby manufacturing inaccuracies are reduced. This is not possible using a conventional wheel disc.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 may also have an essentially disk-shaped design instead of an annular base body 3, which is provided in particular with a hub region.
- the spokes 4 fall away.
- the second pressure means then extend through a peripherally formed and axially projecting shoulder of the main body 3, so that the second pressure means are easily accessible and easily operable.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 preferably forms a dummy wheel disc of a dummy wheel disc set, which has a multiplicity of according to the invention trained dummy wheel discs 1, which differ from each other in terms of their outer diameter and / or in terms of the length of the grooves 6.
- the individual dummy wheel disks 1 are then preferably provided with information about their outer diameter and / or with information about the length of their grooves 6 in order to distinguish the individual dummy wheel disks 1 from one another.
- the outer diameter and the length of the receiving grooves 6 can be printed clearly visible on one of the end faces 8, 10 of the dummy wheel disks 1, to name just one example.
- a suitable dummy wheel disc 1 of the dummy wheel disc set is selected in a first step according to an embodiment of a method according to the invention. in which the outer diameter and the length of the receiving grooves 6 most closely correspond to the corresponding dimensions of that wheel disc on which the worn blades 2 to be replaced are held in the turbomachine.
- the blades 2 to be machined are fastened to the selected dummy wheel disc 1 in the manner described above.
- the dummy wheel disc 1 is arranged with the blades 2 held on it in a suitable processing machine, in this case in a grinding machine.
- a target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy is calculated for the blades 2 held on the dummy wheel disk 1 using a time-discrete model having a plurality of model sizes, whereupon the target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, shall be determined on the Processing machine is manufactured.
- the calculation of the target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, is recommended because dimensions of the wheel disks, blades 2 and other design features, such as the gap between the blades 2 and a housing of the turbomachine, during operation of a turbomachine can change.
- the actual nominal dimensions do not always correspond to the nominal dimensions in the new state of a turbomachine.
- the discrete model uses, as known model variables, the new state target grinding diameter D grinding, wheel, new for blades 2 held on a wheel disk of the turbomachine, the diameter D Rad of the wheel disc, the diameter D dummy of the dummy wheel selected in step a).
- Wheel disc 1 a new state gap a gap, new between the blades 2 and a housing of the turbomachine when new, a Differenzspaltrise a gap, diff between the new state gap a gap, new and a gap a gap is at the time of revision and a desired gap a gap, should .
- the new state target grinding diameter D grinding, wheel, new and an offset between the diameter D Rad of the wheel disc already used in the turbomachine and the diameter D dummy of the selected dummy wheel disc 1 are added, resulting in a theoretical new condition Target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, theo for the blades 2 held on the dummy wheel disc 1.
- the difference gap dimension a gap, diff is newly subtracted from the new state gap dimension a gap , resulting in an expected gap dimension a gap, erw .
- the expected gap dimension a gap, erw of the target gap a gap is subtracted, resulting in a gap dimension a gap, ver results.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Dummy-Radscheibe zur Aufnahme von Schaufeln einer Strömungsmaschine während der spanenden Bearbeitung in einer Bearbeitungsmaschine, mit einem scheiben- oder ringförmigen Grundkörper, entlang dessen Umfangsfläche sich im Wesentlichen axial erstreckende Aufnahmenuten ausgebildet sind, deren Querschnittsform jeweils an die Querschnittsform von Schaufelfüßen der zu bearbeitenden Schaufeln angepasst ist. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen Dummy-Radscheibensatz mit einer Mehrzahl von Dummy-Radscheiben der zuvor genannten Art sowie ein Verfahren zum mechanischen Bearbeiten von Schaufeln, die bereits in einer Strömungsmaschine eingesetzte Schaufeln ersetzen sollen, unter Verwendung einer Dummy-Radscheibe eines solchen Dummy-Radscheibensatzes.The present invention relates to a dummy wheel disk for receiving blades of a turbomachine during machining in a processing machine, with a disk-shaped or annular base body along whose peripheral surface substantially axially extending receiving grooves are formed whose cross-sectional shape in each case to the cross-sectional shape of blade roots adapted to the blades to be machined. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dummy wheel disc set with a plurality of dummy wheel discs of the aforementioned type and a method for mechanically machining blades that are to replace already used in a turbomachine blades, using a dummy wheel disc of such a dummy Radschesensatzes ,
Strömungsmaschinen, wie beispielsweise Turbinen, umfassen normalerweise ein Gehäuse, einen in dem Gehäuse drehbar aufgenommenen Läufer, der eine Vielzahl von Radscheiben mit darin angeordneten Laufschaufeln aufweist, sowie an dem Gehäuse befestigte Leitschaufeln, die unter Bildung mehrerer Stufen in Strömungsrichtung jeweils vor den Laufschaufeln positioniert sind. Die Leitschaufeln lenken während des Betriebs der Turbine das Strömungsmedium auf die Laufschaufeln, die den Läufer in Drehung versetzen, wodurch kinetische Energie des Strömungsmediums in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt wird.Turbomachines, such as turbines, typically include a housing, a rotor rotatably received in the housing having a plurality of wheel discs with blades disposed therein, and vanes attached to the housing positioned upstream of the blades to form a plurality of stages in the flow direction , The vanes, during operation of the turbine, direct the flow medium onto the blades that rotate the rotor, thereby converting kinetic energy of the fluid into rotational energy.
Die Schaufeln von Strömungsmaschinen sind während des Betriebs häufig erheblichen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt und verschleißen entsprechend. Insbesondere die Laufschaufeln müssen daher meist im Rahmen einer Revision der Strömungsmaschine ausgetauscht werden. Zu diesem Zweck müssen die neuen Schaufeln auf ein Soll-Maß gekürzt werden. Als Soll-Maß kann allerdings nicht das ursprüngliche Neuzustand-Soll-Maß der verschlissenen Schaufeln verwendet werden, da die Abmessungen der Radscheiben, der darin gehaltenen Schaufeln ebenso wie die Spaltmaße zwischen den Schaufeln und dem Gehäuse während des Betriebs der Strömungsmaschine mechanisch sowie thermisch bedingten Änderungen unterworfen sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es erforderlich, eine spezifische Kürzung der Schaufelspitzen in Abhängigkeit von dem tatsächlichen Zustand der entsprechenden Strömungsmaschine vorzunehmen.The blades of turbomachines are often exposed during operation considerable mechanical stress and wear accordingly. In particular, the blades must therefore usually be replaced as part of a revision of the turbomachine. For this purpose, the new blades must be shortened to a desired dimension. However, as the target measure, the original new-state target dimension of the worn blades can not be used, since the dimensions of the wheel disks, the blades held therein as well how the gaps between the blades and the housing during operation of the turbomachine are subject to mechanical and thermal changes. Against this background, it is necessary to make a specific shortening of the blade tips in dependence on the actual state of the corresponding turbomachine.
Zum Kürzen von Schaufelspitzen ist es bekannt, die verschlissenen Schaufeln in einem ersten Schritt durch neue Schaufeln zu ersetzen und die in die Strömungsmaschine eingebauten neuen Schaufeln in situ mittels einer mechanischen Bearbeitung zu kürzen. Diese Variante hat allerdings den entscheidenden Nachteil, dass der Innenraum der Strömungsmaschine während der mechanischen Bearbeitung verschmutzt werden kann, wodurch ein ordnungsgemäßer Betrieb der Strömungsmaschine gefährdet ist. Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, dass die Schaufeln in den Aufnahmenuten der entsprechenden Radscheiben nur verhältnismäßig schlecht fixiert sind, was unerwünschte Fertigungsungenauigkeiten zur Folge hat.In order to shorten blade tips, it is known to replace the worn blades by new blades in a first step and to shorten the new blades installed in the turbomachine in situ by means of mechanical machining. However, this variant has the decisive disadvantage that the interior of the turbomachine can be contaminated during mechanical processing, whereby a proper operation of the turbomachine is at risk. Another problem is that the blades are relatively poorly fixed in the grooves of the corresponding wheel discs, which has undesirable manufacturing inaccuracies result.
Um ein Verschmutzen der Strömungsmaschine zu verhindern, kann der Läufer alternativ auch aus der Strömungsmaschine entnommen und entstapelt werden, so dass die an einer Radscheibe gehaltenen Schaufeln dann an einem Ort entfernt von der Strömungsmaschine mechanisch bearbeitet werden können. Das Problem der Fertigungsungenauigkeiten aufgrund der schlechten Fixierung der Schaufeln an den Radscheiben besteht allerdings weiterhin. Zudem sind der Ausbau und die Entstapelung des Läufers mit einem hohen Aufwand verbunden.In order to prevent fouling of the turbomachine, the rotor can alternatively also be removed from the turbomachine and unstacked, so that the blades held on a wheel disc can then be mechanically processed at a location remote from the turbomachine. However, the problem of manufacturing inaccuracies due to the poor fixation of the blades on the wheel discs persists. In addition, the removal and destacking of the rotor are associated with a lot of effort.
Gemäß einer weiteren Variante ist es bekannt, die neuen mechanisch zu bearbeitenden Schaufeln an einer sog. Dummy-Radscheibe zu fixieren, deren Aufbau grundsätzlich dem Aufbau einer Radscheibe gleicht. Die Verwendung einer solchen Dummy-Radscheibe ist dahingehend von Vorteil, dass auf einen Ausbau und eine Entstapelung des Rotors verzichtet werden kann. Das Problem der zuvor beschriebenen Fertigungsungenauigkeiten bleibt allerdings weiterhin ungelöst.According to a further variant, it is known to fix the new blades to be mechanically machined on a so-called dummy wheel disc, the structure of which basically equals the construction of a wheel disc. The use of such a dummy wheel disc is advantageous in that it can be dispensed with an expansion and a destacking of the rotor. The problem of manufacturing inaccuracies described above, however, remains unresolved.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die zuvor genannten Probleme zu beseitigen.It is an object of the present invention to overcome the aforementioned problems.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schafft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Dummy-Radscheibe gemäss Anspruch 1. Dank der Anschlagmittel, der ersten Druckmittel und der zweiten Druckmittel können die in den Aufnahmenuten aufgenommenen Schaufelfüße axial und radial in definierten Positionen angeordnet werden, wodurch Fertigungsungenauigkeiten minimiert werden. Darüber hinaus bringt der Einsatz einer Dummy-Radscheibe den eingangs bereits beschriebenen Vorteil mit sich, dass eine Bearbeitung der Schaufeln möglich ist, ohne den Läufer einer Strömungsmaschine ausbauen und entstapeln zu müssen.To solve this object, the present invention provides a dummy wheel disc according to claim 1. Thanks to the stop means, the first pressure means and the second pressure means recorded in the grooves blade roots can be arranged axially and radially in defined positions, whereby manufacturing inaccuracies are minimized. In addition, the use of a dummy wheel disc brings the already described advantage with it that a machining of the blades is possible without having to remove the rotor of a turbomachine and unstacking.
Die Anschlagmittel weisen zumindest eine Anschlagplatte auf, die an der ersten Stirnseite des Grundkörpers befestigt ist und wenigstens einige der Aufnahmenuten zumindest teilweise verschließt, wobei die zumindest eine Anschlagplatte mit dem Grundkörper, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Befestigungsschrauben, verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise wird ein sehr einfacher Aufbau der Anschlagmittel erzielt.The stop means have at least one stop plate which is fixed to the first end face of the base body and at least partially closes at least some of the receiving grooves, wherein the at least one stop plate is connected to the base body, in particular using fastening screws. In this way, a very simple construction of the stop means is achieved.
Es ist eine einzelne ringförmig ausgebildete Anschlagplatte oder sind mehrere ringsegmentförmig ausgebildete Anschlagplatten vorgesehen, wodurch eine Anpassung an die Form des scheibenförmigen Grundkörpers der Dummy-Radscheibe erfolgt.It is a single annular stop plate or a plurality of annular segment-shaped stop plates are provided, whereby an adaptation to the shape of the disc-shaped base body of the dummy wheel disc takes place.
Die ersten Druckmittel weisen mehrere Plattenelemente auf, die an der zweiten Stirnseite des Grundkörpers lösbar befestigt sind, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Befestigungsschrauben, wobei an den Plattenelementen eine zumindest der Anzahl der Aufnahmenuten entsprechende Anzahl von ersten Druckelementen vorgesehen ist, die jeweils in eine der Aufnahmenuten axial vorstehen. Damit ist jedem an der Dummy-Radscheibe gehaltenen Schaufelfuß zumindest ein Druckelement zugeordnet.The first pressure means have a plurality of plate elements which are releasably secured to the second end face of the base body, in particular using fastening screws, wherein on the plate elements at least a number of grooves corresponding number of first pressure elements is provided, each in one of the grooves axially protrude. Thus, at least one pressure element is associated with each blade root held on the dummy wheel disk.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei den ersten Druckelementen um sich insbesondere axial durch die Plattenelemente erstreckende Stellschrauben, die von außen betätigbar sind, oder um Druckfedern aufweisende Druckelemente, was zu einem sehr einfachen und preiswerten Aufbau führt.The first pressure elements are preferably adjusting screws which extend in particular axially through the plate elements and which can be actuated from the outside, or pressure elements having compression springs, which leads to a very simple and inexpensive construction.
Vorteilhaft weisen die zweiten Druckmittel eine zumindest der Anzahl von Aufnahmenuten entsprechende Anzahl von zweiten Druckelementen auf, die jeweils radial in eine der Aufnahmenuten vorstehen. Auf diese Weise ist jedem an der Dummy-Radscheibe gehaltenen Schaufelfuß zumindest ein zweites Druckelement zur radialen Positionierung bzw. Ausrichtung zugeordnet.The second pressure means advantageously have a number of second pressure elements corresponding at least to the number of receiving grooves, which in each case protrude radially into one of the receiving grooves. In this way, at least one second pressure element for radial positioning or alignment is assigned to each blade root held on the dummy wheel disk.
Bei den zweiten Druckmitteln handelt es sich bevorzugt um Stellschrauben, die von außen betätigbar sind, was mit einem einfachen und preiswerten Aufbau einhergeht.The second pressure means are preferably adjusting screws, which can be actuated from the outside, which is accompanied by a simple and inexpensive construction.
Vorteilhaft erstrecken sich die zweiten Druckmittel durch einen umlaufend ausgebildeten und axial vorstehenden Absatz des Grundkörpers, was die Betätigung der zweiten Druckmittel vereinfacht, da diese gut zugänglich sind.Advantageously, the second pressure means extend through a circumferentially formed and axially projecting shoulder of the body, which simplifies the operation of the second pressure means, since they are easily accessible.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zwischen den ersten Druckmitteln und den Schaufelfüßen und/oder zwischen den zweiten Druckmitteln und den Schaufelfüßen innerhalb der Aufnahmenuten Druckverteilungsplatten angeordnet, die insbesondere aus Kunststoff hergestellt sind. Derartige Druckverteilungsplatten verhindern, dass die ersten Druckmittel und/oder die zweiten Druckmittel direkt auf die Schaufelfüße wirken, wodurch Beschädigungen an den Schaufelfüßen und/oder an den entsprechenden Druckmitteln deutlich reduziert werden.According to one embodiment of the present invention are between the first pressure means and the blade roots and / or arranged between the second pressure means and the blade roots within the receiving grooves pressure distribution plates, which are in particular made of plastic. Such pressure distribution plates prevent the first pressure means and / or the second pressure means acting directly on the blade roots, whereby damage to the blade roots and / or to the corresponding pressure means are significantly reduced.
Zur Lösung der eingangs genannten Aufgabe schafft die vorliegende Erfindung ferner einen Dummy-Radscheibensatz umfassend eine Mehrzahl von erfindungsgemäßen Dummy-Radscheiben, die sich hinsichtlich ihres Außendurchmessers und/oder hinsichtlich der Länge der Aufnahmenuten voneinander unterscheiden. Unter Einsatz eines solchen Dummy-Radscheibensatzes ist die spanende Bearbeitung einer Vielzahl von Schaufeln möglich, die an Radscheiben mit verschiedenen Durchmessern angeordnet werden sollen oder verschieden lange Schaufelfüße aufweisen.To achieve the object mentioned above, the present invention further provides a dummy wheel disc set comprising a plurality of dummy wheel discs according to the invention, which differ from each other in terms of their outer diameter and / or in terms of the length of the grooves. By using such a dummy wheel disc set, the machining of a plurality of blades is possible, which are to be arranged on wheel discs with different diameters or have different lengths of blade roots.
Bevorzugt sind die Dummy-Radscheiben mit Informationen über ihren Außendurchmesser und/oder mit Informationen über die Länge ihrer Aufnahmenuten versehen, um die einzelnen Dummy-Radscheiben des Dummy-Radscheibensatzes mit bloßem Auge unterscheiden problemlos voneinander zu können.Preferably, the dummy wheel discs are provided with information about their outer diameter and / or information about the length of their grooves to distinguish the individual dummy wheel discs of the dummy wheel disc set with the naked eye easily from each other.
Zur Lösung der eingangs genannte Aufgabe schafft die vorliegende Erfindung darüber hinaus ein Verfahren zum mechanischen Bearbeiten von Schaufeln, die bereits in einer Strömungsmaschine eingesetzte Schaufeln ersetzen sollen, unter Verwendung einer Dummy-Radscheibe eines erfindungsgemäßen Dummy-Radscheibensatzes, wobei das Verfahren zum Kürzen der Schaufelspitzen auf ein Soll-Maß die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
- a) Auswahl einer geeigneten Dummy-Radscheibe;
- b) Befestigen und Ausrichten der zu bearbeitenden Schaufeln an der ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe;
- c) Anordnen der Dummy-Radscheibe mit den an dieser gehaltenen Schaufeln in einer Bearbeitungsmaschine;
- d) Berechnen eines Soll-Schleifdurchmessers für die an der Dummy-Radscheibe gehaltenen Schaufeln unter Verwendung eines zeitlich diskreten Modells mit mehreren Modellgrößen und
- e) Fertigen des Soll-Schleifdurchmessers, wobei als mechanisches Bearbeitungsverfahren insbesondere das Schleifen zum Einsatz kommt.
- a) Selection of a suitable dummy wheel disc;
- b) attaching and aligning the blades to be machined with the selected dummy wheel disc;
- c) arranging the dummy wheel disc with the blades held thereon in a processing machine;
- d) calculating a target grinding diameter for the blades held on the dummy wheel disc using a time-discrete model having a plurality of model sizes and
- e) manufacturing the target grinding diameter, wherein as a mechanical processing method, in particular the grinding is used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass beim Kürzen der Schaufelspitzen dank des zeitlich diskreten Modells Maßabweichungen von Radscheiben, Schaufeln und Spaltmaßen, die sich während des Betriebs einer Strömungsmaschine gegenüber dem Neuzustand einstellen, ebenso wie die Abmessungen der Dummy-Radscheibe Berücksichtigung finden können.The inventive method has the advantage that when shortening the blade tips thanks to the discrete-time model deviations of wheel discs, blades and gaps that adjust during operation of a turbomachine against the new condition, as well as the dimensions of the dummy wheel disc can be considered.
Bevorzugt verwendet das in Schritt d) eingesetzte diskrete Modell als Modellgrößen den Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser einer bereits in der Strömungsmaschine eingesetzten Radscheibe einschließlich der an dieser gehaltenen zu ersetzenden Schaufeln im Neuzustand, den Durchmesser der Radscheibe, den Durchmesser der in Schritt a) ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe, ein Neuzustand-Spaltmaß zwischen den zu ersetzenden Schaufeln und einem Gehäuse der Strömungsmaschine im Neuzustand, ein Differenzspaltmaß zwischen dem Neuzustand-Spaltmaß und dem Spaltmaß zum Zeitpunkt der Revision und ein Soll-Spaltmaß.The discrete model used in step d) preferably uses the new-state target grinding diameter of a wheel disk already used in the turbomachine, including the blades to be replaced, the diameter of the wheel disk, and the diameter of the dummy selected in step a) Wheel disc, a Neuzustand- gap between the blades to be replaced and a housing of the turbomachine when new, a Differenzspaltmaß between the new state gap and the gap measure at the time of revision and a target gap.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung werden in Schritt d) folgende Zwischenschritte durchgeführt:
- Addieren des Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmessers und eines Versatzes zwischen dem Durchmesser der bereits in der Strömungsmaschine eingesetzten Radscheibe und dem Durchmesser der ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe, wodurch sich ein theoretischer Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser auf der Dummy-Radscheibe einschließlich der an dieser gehaltenen Schaufeln ergibt;
- Subtrahieren des Differenzspaltmaßes von dem Neuzustand-Spaltmaß, wodurch sich ein zu erwartendes Spaltmaß ergibt;
- Subtrahieren des zu erwartenden Spaltmaßes vom Soll-Spaltmaß, wodurch sich ein Spaltmaßversatz ergibt; und
- Subtrahieren des zweifachen Spaltmaßversatzes von dem theoretischen Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser, wodurch sich der Soll-Schleifdurchmesser ergibt.
- Adding the new state desired grinding diameter and an offset between the diameter of the wheel disc already installed in the turbomachine and the diameter of the selected dummy wheel disc, resulting in a theoretical new state target grinding diameter on the dummy wheel disk including the blades held thereon ;
- Subtracting the difference gap measure from the new state gap, thereby resulting in an expected gap;
- Subtracting the expected gap dimension from the target gap dimension, resulting in a Spaltmaßversatz; and
- Subtracting twice the gap offset from the theoretical new state target grinding diameter, resulting in the desired grinding diameter.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer Dummy-Radscheibe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sowie eines Verfahrens zum mechanischen Bearbeiten von Schaufeln gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Zeichnung deutlich. Darin ist
- Figur 1
- eine perspektivische Rückansicht einer Dummy-Radscheibe gemäß einer Ausführungsform gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Figur 2- eine Vorderansicht der in
Figur 1 dargestellten Dummy-Radscheibe, an der eine Vielzahl von Schaufeln gehalten ist; Figur 3- eine perspektivische Vorderansicht der in
Figur 1 dargestellten Dummy-Radscheibe in einem Zustand, in dem die Schaufeln an der Dummy-Radscheiben angeordnet werden; und Figur 4- eine perspektivische Vorderansicht der in
dargestellten Dummy-Radscheibe, die zur Darstellung der Positionierung einer Schaufel innerhalb einer Aufnahmenut der Dummy-Radscheibe teilweise geschnitten dargestellt ist.Figur 2
- FIG. 1
- a rear perspective view of a dummy wheel disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2
- a front view of in
FIG. 1 Dummy wheel disc shown, on which a plurality of blades is held; - FIG. 3
- a front perspective view of the
FIG. 1 a dummy wheel disc shown in a state in which the blades are arranged on the dummy wheel discs; and - FIG. 4
- a front perspective view of the
FIG. 2 shown dummy wheel, which is shown partially cut to illustrate the positioning of a blade within a receiving groove of the dummy wheel disc.
Die in den Figuren dargestellte Dummy-Radscheibe 1 dient zur Aufnahme von Schaufeln 2 während der spanenden Bearbeitung in einer vorliegend nicht näher dargestellten Bearbeitungsmaschine. Die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 umfasst einen ringförmigen Grundkörper 3, der über Speichen 4 mit einer Nabe 5 verbunden ist, über welche die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 an besagter Bearbeitungsmaschine aufgenommen werden kann. Entlang der Umfangsfläche des Grundkörpers 3 sind Aufnahmenuten 6 ausgebildet, die jeweils zur Aufnahme eines Schaufelfußes 7 einer Schaufel 2 dienen. Die Aufnahmenuten 6 erstrecken sich vorliegend in axialer Richtung, wobei die Querschnittsform der Aufnahmenuten 6 jeweils an die Querschnittsform der aufzunehmenden Schaufelfüße 7 angepasst ist. Es sollte klar sein, dass sich die Aufnahmenuten 6 grundsätzlich auch quer zur axialen Richtung erstrecken können, wenn die Schaufelfüße entsprechend ausgebildet sind. An einer ersten Stirnseite 8 des Grundkörpers 3 sind Anschlagmittel vorgesehen, welche die Aufnahmenuten 6 an der ersten Stirnseite 8 zumindest überwiegend verschließen. Die Anschlagmittel weisen vorliegend mehrere ringsegmentförmig ausgebildete Anschlagplatten 9 auf, die unter Verwendung von nicht näher dargestellten Befestigungsschrauben mit dem Grundkörper 3 verschraubt sind. Alternativ können die Anschlagmittel anstelle der ringsegmentförmigen Anschlagplatten 9 eine einzelne ringförmige Anschlagplatte aufweisen. Auch ist es möglich, die Befestigungsschrauben durch andere Befestigungsmittel zu ersetzen. So können die Anschlagplatten 9 beispielsweise auch mittels Schweißen oder Löten fest mit dem Grundkörper 3 verbunden sein. An der der ersten Stirnseite 8 gegenüberliegenden zweiten Stirnseite 10 des Grundkörpers 3 sind erste Druckmittel angeordnet, die derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie in den Aufnahmenuten 6 aufgenommene Schaufelfüße 7 gegen die entsprechenden Anschlagplatten 9 der Anschlagmittel drücken. Die ersten Druckmittel weisen vorliegend mehrere ringsegmentförmige Plattenelemente 11 auf, die an der zweiten Stirnseite 10 des Grundkörpers 3 unter Verwendung von Befestigungsschrauben 12 und zugeordneten Unterlegscheiben 13 lösbar befestigt sind. Ferner umfassen die ersten Druckmittel eine der Anzahl der Aufnahmenuten 6 entsprechende Anzahl von ersten Druckelementen, bei denen es sich vorliegend um jeweils in eine der Aufnahmenuten 6 axial vorstehende Stellschrauben 14 handelt. Anstelle der Stellschraube 14 können als erste Druckelemente alternativ auch Druckfedern aufweisende Druckelemente verwendet werden, um nur ein Beispiel zu nennen. Neben den ersten Druckmitteln sind ferner zweite Druckmittel vorgesehen, die derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie in den Aufnahmenuten 6 aufgenommene Schaufelfüße 7 in eine radial äußere Position drücken. Die zweiten Druckmittel weisen vorliegend eine der Anzahl von Aufnahmenute 6 entsprechende Anzahl von zweiten Druckelementen auf, bei denen es sich vorliegend um Stellschrauben 15 handelt, die in sich radial durch den Grundkörper 3 erstreckenden Gewindedurchgangsbohrungen 16 aufgenommen sind und radial in die jeweiligen Aufnahmenuten 6 vorstehen.The dummy wheel disc 1 shown in the figures serves to accommodate
Zur Aufnahme von Schaufeln 2 an der Dummy-Radscheibe 1 werden die Schaufelfüße 7 der Schaufeln 2 in einem ersten Schritt in die jeweiligen Aufnahmenuten 6 eingeschoben, bis diese mit den Anschlagplatten 9 in Kontakt kommen. Zwischen dem Nutgrund der jeweiligen Aufnahmenuten 6 und den entsprechenden Schaufelfüßen 7 wird dabei jeweils eine Druckverteilungsplatte 17 angeordnet, bei der es sich vorliegend um eine längliche Kunststoffplatte handelt, deren Länge etwas kürzer als die Länge der Aufnahmenuten 6 ausgebildet ist, so dass die Druckverteilungsplatten 17 nicht axial über die Aufnahmenuten 6 vorstehen. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Plattenelemente 11 der ersten Druckmittel unter Verwendung der Befestigungsschrauben 12 und der Unterlegscheiben 13 mit dem Grundkörper 3 verschraubt. Anschließend werden die Befestigungsschrauben 12 angezogen, so dass diese gegen die vorderen Stirnseiten der Schaufelfüße und entsprechend die hintere Stirnseite der Schaufelfüße 7 gegen die zugeordnete Anschlagplatte 9 drücken. Auf diese Weise werden die Schaufelfüße 7 axial in einer definierten Position fixiert und gleichzeitig ausgerichtet. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Stellschrauben 15 der zweiten Druckmittel angezogen, so dass diese über die Druckverteilungsplatten 17 gegen die Unterseiten der entsprechenden Schaufelfüße 7 drücken, wodurch die Schaufelfüße 7 innerhalb der Aufnahmenuten 6 in einer radial äußersten Position positioniert und ausgerichtet werden. Die Druckverteilungsplatten 17 verhindern, dass die Schaufelfüße 7 beim Anziehen der Stellschrauben 13 beschädigt werden.To accommodate
Nachdem die Schaufeln 2 in der zuvor beschrieben Weise an der Dummy-Radscheibe 1 aufgenommen und an dieser ausgerichtet wurden, wird die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 an der zuvor genannten Bearbeitungsmaschine, bei der es sich vorliegend um eine Schleifmaschine zum Kürzen der Schaufelspitzen handelt, angeordnet, woraufhin die Schaufeln 2 spanend bearbeitet werden können.After the
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der in den Figuren dargestellten Dummy-Radscheibe 1 besteht darin, dass sie während der spanenden Bearbeitung eine Radscheibe der Strömungsmaschine, an der die Schaufeln 2 nach der spanenden Bearbeitung angeordnet werden sollen, ersetzt. Entsprechend können die Schaufeln 2 entfernt von der Strömungsmaschine bearbeitet werden, ohne dass hierfür ein Ausbau und eine Entstapelung des Läufers der Strömungsmaschine erforderlich ist. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil besteht darin, dass die Schaufeln 2 dank der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung der Dummy-Radscheibe während der spanenden Bearbeitung axial sowie radial in definierten Positionen angeordnet bzw. ausgerichtet werden können, wodurch Fertigungsungenauigkeiten reduziert werden. Dies ist unter Verwendung einer herkömmlichen Radscheibe nicht möglich.A significant advantage of the dummy wheel disc 1 shown in the figures is that it replaces a wheel disc of the turbomachine on which the
Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 anstelle eines ringförmigen Grundkörpers 3 auch einen im Wesentlichen scheibenförmig ausgebildeten aufweisen kann, der insbesondere mit einem Nabenbereich versehen ist. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung fallen die Speichen 4 weg. Vorteilhaft erstrecken sich die zweiten Druckmittel dann durch einen umlaufend ausgebildeten und axial vorstehenden Absatz des Grundkörpers 3, so dass die zweiten Druckmittel gut zugänglich und problemlos betätigbar sind.It should be noted that the dummy wheel disc 1 may also have an essentially disk-shaped design instead of an
Die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 bildet bevorzugt eine Dummy-Radscheibe eines Dummy-Radscheibensatzes, der eine Vielzahl von erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Dummy-Radscheiben 1 aufweist, die sich hinsichtlich Ihres Außendurchmessers und/oder hinsichtlich der Länge der Aufnahmenuten 6 voneinander unterscheiden. Unter Einsatz eines solchen Dummy-Radscheibensatzes ist es möglich, die Schaufeln 2 unterschiedlicher Stufen einer Strömungsmaschine mechanisch zu bearbeiten. Die einzelnen Dummy-Radscheiben 1 sind dann bevorzugt mit Informationen über ihren Außendurchmesser und/oder mit Informationen über die Länge ihrer Aufnahmenuten 6 versehen, um die einzelnen Dummy-Radscheiben 1 voneinander unterscheiden zu können. So können beispielsweise der Außendurchmesser und die Länge der Aufnahmenuten 6 gut sichtbar auf eine der Stirnseiten 8, 10 der Dummy-Radscheiben 1 aufgedruckt sein, um nur ein Beispiel zu nennen.The dummy wheel disc 1 preferably forms a dummy wheel disc of a dummy wheel disc set, which has a multiplicity of according to the invention trained dummy wheel discs 1, which differ from each other in terms of their outer diameter and / or in terms of the length of the
Zum Kürzen der Schaufelspitzen der Schaufeln 2, die im Rahmen einer Revision bereits in einer Strömungsmaschine an einer Radscheibe gehaltene verschlissene Schaufeln 2 ersetzen sollen, wird gemäß einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einem ersten Schritt eine geeignete Dummy-Radscheibe 1 des Dummy-Radscheibensatzes ausgewählt, bei welcher der Außendurchmesser und die Länge der Aufnahmenuten 6 am ehesten den entsprechenden Maßen derjenigen Radscheibe entsprechen, an der die zu ersetzenden verschlissenen Schaufeln 2 in der Strömungsmaschine gehalten sind. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die zu bearbeitenden Schaufeln 2 in der zuvor beschriebenen Weise an der ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe 1 befestigt. Anschließend wird die Dummy-Radscheibe 1 mit den an dieser gehaltenen Schaufeln 2 in einer geeigneten Bearbeitungsmaschine angeordnet, vorliegend in einer Schleifmaschine. In einem weiteren Schritt wird ein Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,soll für die an der Dummy-Radscheibe 1 gehaltenen Schaufeln 2 unter Verwendung eines zeitlich diskreten Modells mit mehreren Modellgrößen berechnet, woraufhin der Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,soll auf der Bearbeitungsmaschine gefertigt wird.In order to shorten the blade tips of the
Die Berechnung des Soll-Schleifdurchmessers DSchleif,Dummy,soll empfiehlt sich, weil sich Maße der Radscheiben, Schaufeln 2 und weiterer Konstruktionsmerkmale, wie beispielsweise das Spaltmaß zwischen den Schaufeln 2 und einem Gehäuse der Strömungsmaschine, während des Betriebs einer Strömungsmaschine ändern können. Somit entsprechen die tatsächlichen Soll-Maße nicht immer den Soll-Maßen im Neuzustand einer Strömungsmaschine.The calculation of the target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, is recommended because dimensions of the wheel disks,
Nachfolgend wird eine Möglichkeit beschrieben, wie der Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,soll unter Verwendung des diskreten Modells berechnet werden kann.Hereinafter, a way is described how the target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, should be calculated using the discrete model.
Das diskrete Modell verwendet als bekannte Modellgrößen den Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Rad,neu für an einer Radscheibe der Strömungsmaschine gehaltenen Schaufeln 2 im Neuzustand, den Durchmesser DRad der Radscheibe, den Durchmesser DDummy der in Schritt a) ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe 1, ein Neuzustand-Spaltmaß aSpalt,neu zwischen den Schaufeln 2 und einem Gehäuse der Strömungsmaschine im Neuzustand, ein Differenzspaltmaß aSpalt,diff zwischen dem Neuzustand-Spaltmaß aSpalt,neu und einem Spaltmaß aSpalt,ist zum Zeitpunkt der Revision und ein Soll-Spaltmaß aSpalt,soll.The discrete model uses, as known model variables, the new state target grinding diameter D grinding, wheel, new for
In einem ersten Schritt werden der Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Rad,neu und ein Versatz zwischen dem Durchmesser DRad der bereits in der Strömungsmaschine eingesetzten Radscheibe und dem Durchmesser DDummy der ausgewählten Dummy-Radscheibe 1 addiert, wodurch sich ein theoretischer Neuzustand-Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,theo für die an der Dummy-Radscheibe 1 gehaltenen Schaufeln 2 ergibt. In einem weiteren Schritt wird das Differenzspaltmaß aSpalt,diff von dem Neuzustand-Spaltmaß aSpalt,neu subtrahiert, wodurch sich ein zu erwartendes Spaltmaß aSpalt,erw ergibt. Ferner wird das zu erwartenden Spaltmaßes aSpalt, erw von dem Soll-Spaltmaß aSpalt,soll subtrahiert, wodurch sich ein Spaltmaßversatz aSpalt,vers ergibt. Nunmehr wird der zweifache Spaltmaßversatz aSpalt,vers von dem theoretischen Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,theo abgezogen, wodurch sich der Soll-Schleifdurchmesser DSchleif,Dummy,soll für die an der Dummy-Radscheibe 1 gehaltenen Schaufeln 2 ergibt.In a first step, the new state target grinding diameter D grinding, wheel, new and an offset between the diameter D Rad of the wheel disc already used in the turbomachine and the diameter D dummy of the selected dummy wheel disc 1 are added, resulting in a theoretical new condition Target grinding diameter D grinding, dummy, theo for the
Damit ergeben sich zusammenfassend folgende Gleichungen für die Berechnung des Soll-Schleifdurchmessers DSchleif,Dummy,soll:
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
- (4)
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
- (4)
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
- Dummy wheel disc (1) for holding blades (2) of a turbo machine during machining in a machining machine, having a disc-shaped or annular main body (3), along the circumferential surface of which there are formed holding grooves (6) extending substantially axially, the cross-sectional shape of which is respectively adapted to the cross-sectional shape of blade roots (7) of the blades (2) to be machined, wherein
stop means are provided on a first end face (8) of the main body (3), which stop means have an individual annular stop plate (9) or multiple stop plates (9) in the form of annular segments, which is/are fixed to the first end face (8) of the main body (3) and at least partly close/s at least some of the holding grooves (6) on the first end face (8),
first pressure means are arranged on the second end face (10) of the main body (3), which are formed in such a way that they press the blade roots (7) held in the holding grooves (6) against the stop means, and
second pressure means are provided, which are formed in such a way that they press blade roots (7) held in the holding grooves (6) into a radially outer position,
characterized in that
the first pressure means have multiple plate elements (11), which are detachably fixed to the second end face (10) of the main body (3), in particular by using fixing screws (12), wherein a number of first pressure elements corresponding at least to the number of holding grooves (6) is provided on the plate elements (11), each projecting axially into one of the holding grooves (6). - Dummy wheel disc (1) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the first pressure elements are adjusting screws (14) which extend through the plate elements (11) and which can be actuated from outside, or are pressure elements having compression springs. - Dummy wheel disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the second pressure means have a number of second pressure elements corresponding at least to the number of holding grooves (6), each projecting radially into one of the holding grooves (6). - Dummy wheel disc (1) according to Claim 3,
characterized in that
the second pressure elements are adjusting screws (15) which can be actuated from outside. - Dummy wheel disc (1) according to Claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that
the second pressure means extend through a circumferentially formed and axially projecting shoulder of the main body (3). - Dummy wheel disc (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
between the first pressure means and the blade roots (7) and/or between the second pressure means and the blade roots (7), pressure distribution plates (17), which are in particular made of plastic, are arranged within the holding grooves (6). - Dummy wheel disc set comprising a multiplicity of dummy wheel discs (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which differ from one another with regard to their external diameter and/or with regard to the length of the holding grooves (6).
- Dummy wheel disc set according to Claim 7,
characterized in that
the dummy wheel discs (1) are provided with information about their external diameter and/or with information about the length of their holding grooves (6). - Method for mechanically machining blades (2) which are intended to replace blades (2) already used in a turbo machine, by using a dummy wheel disc (1) of a dummy wheel disc set according to Claim 7 or 8,
wherein the method for shortening the blade tips to a target dimension has the following steps:a) selecting a suitable dummy wheel disc (1);b) fixing and aligning the blades (2) to be machined on the selected dummy wheel disc (1);c) arranging the dummy wheel disc (1) with the blades (2) held on the latter in a machining machine;d) calculating a target grinding diameter (DSchleif,soll) of the dummy wheel disc (1), including the blades (2) held on the latter, by using a time-discrete model having multiple model variables, ande) producing the target grinding diameter (DSchleif,soll). - Method according to Claim 9,
in which the discrete model in step d) uses as model variables the new-state target grinding diameter (DSchleif,Rad,neu) for blades (2) held on a wheel disc in the new state, the diameter of the wheel disc (DRad), the diameter (DDummy) of the dummy wheel disc (1) selected in step a), a new-state gap dimension (aSpalt,neu) between the blades (2) to be replaced and a housing of the turbo machine, a differential gap dimension (aSpalt,diff) between the new-state gap dimension (aSpalt,neu) and the gap dimension (aSpalt,ist) at the time of the revision, and a target gap dimension (aSpalt,soll). - Method according to Claim 10,
in which the following intermediate calculations are carried out in step d):- adding the new-state target grinding diameter (DSchleif,Rad,neu) and an offset between the diameter (DRad) of the wheel disc already used in the turbo machine and the diameter (DDummy) of the selected dummy wheel disc (1), which results in a theoretical new-state target grinding diameter (DSchleif,Dummy,theo) for the blades (2) held on the dummy wheel disc (1),- subtracting the differential gap dimension (aSpalt,diff) from the new-state gap dimension (aSpalt,diff), which results in a gap dimension (aSpalt,erw) to be expected,- subtracting the gap dimension (aSpalt,erw) to be expected from the target gap dimension (DSpalt,soll), which results in a gap dimension offset (aSpalt,vers), and- subtracting twice the gap dimension offset (aSpalt,vers) from the theoretical new-state target grinding diameter (DSchleif,soll,theo), which results in the target grinding diameter (DSchleif,soll).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015220883.4A DE102015220883A1 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2015-10-26 | Dummy wheel disc and method of working blades |
PCT/EP2016/073181 WO2017071905A1 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2016-09-29 | Dummy wheel disk, and method for machining blades |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3347573A1 EP3347573A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
EP3347573B1 true EP3347573B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
Family
ID=57044954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16774930.8A Active EP3347573B1 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2016-09-29 | Dummy wheel disk, and method for machining blades |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3347573B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015220883A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017071905A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111456815A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 上海建桥学院 | Wheel disc assembly and five-axis machining method thereof |
CN116586666A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-08-15 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Processing method of blade V-shaped groove |
CN117191386B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-02 | 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 | Compressor mechanical operation test device and test method |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3572970A (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1971-03-30 | Gen Electric | Turbomachinery blade spacer |
US4512115A (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1985-04-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for cylindrical grinding turbine engine rotor assemblies |
DE3530595A1 (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1987-03-05 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Method and device for ultrasonic testing of a turbine blade for incipient cracks in the blade base |
US5191711A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-03-09 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Compressor or turbine blade manufacture |
EP2730370B1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-10-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method to adjust a predetermined radial tip clearance of a turbomachine blade |
ES2607112T3 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2017-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procedure to shorten the moving blades of a turbomachine |
-
2015
- 2015-10-26 DE DE102015220883.4A patent/DE102015220883A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-09-29 WO PCT/EP2016/073181 patent/WO2017071905A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-29 EP EP16774930.8A patent/EP3347573B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
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WO2017071905A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
EP3347573A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
DE102015220883A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
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