EP3342888B1 - Aluminiumgusslegierung - Google Patents

Aluminiumgusslegierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3342888B1
EP3342888B1 EP16382662.1A EP16382662A EP3342888B1 EP 3342888 B1 EP3342888 B1 EP 3342888B1 EP 16382662 A EP16382662 A EP 16382662A EP 3342888 B1 EP3342888 B1 EP 3342888B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
alloy
less
alloys
aluminium
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EP16382662.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3342888A1 (de
Inventor
Iban Vicario Gómez
Francisco Sáenz de Tejada Picornell
Jessica Montero García
Antxon Melendez Arranz
Alberto Abuin Ariceta
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Befesa Aluminio SL
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Befesa Aluminio SL
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Priority to ES16382662T priority Critical patent/ES2753167T3/es
Priority to EP16382662.1A priority patent/EP3342888B1/de
Publication of EP3342888A1 publication Critical patent/EP3342888A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the field of the invention refers to aluminium casting alloys.
  • the present invention relates to a secondary aluminium alloy, useful to produce, by high pressure die casting, components which have to fulfil premium mechanical requirements in as-cast condition.
  • High pressure die castings have been traditionally limited to transport applications in which its structural functionality was of low responsibility, whereas the components with key structural responsibility have been traditionally manufactured with steel or aluminium alternative production processes, i.e, low pressure die casting (LPDC) or gravity die casting (GC).
  • LPDC low pressure die casting
  • GC gravity die casting
  • HPDC high pressure die casting
  • HPDC technological development vacuum casting, improved mold materials and thermal management, etc.
  • new alloys with new metallurgical and microstructural properties have been developed, which must present high fluidity to fill the whole mold conveniently, low die soldering, easy weldability, high machinability and above all, high elongation and mechanical properties.
  • Alloys of primary quality with a Fe/Mn ratio of 1 ⁇ 2 has been disclosed in the prior art, decreasing die soldering and reducing as much as possible the negative effect of Al 5 FeSi intermetallics on the elongation values.
  • Primary quality means mainly iron content below 0.15% by weight, copper content below 0.03% by weight and zinc content below 0.1% by weight, being those contents only achievable if aluminium is directly produced by smelting electrolysis from raw alumina. All refined aluminium produced from scraps, drosses and swarfs coming from post-processing operations and end of life products is hence limited to low mechanical responsibility applications what is a large limitation for the industry sustainability and aluminium recycling sector.
  • the casted component made of primary aluminium can be thermally treated if desired, in order to reach mechanical properties similar to those produced in alternative manufacturing processes as the LPDC or the GC.
  • Document DE 19524564 discloses an aluminium-silicon alloy for casting cylinder heads. Minor variations in the composition of the alloys produce a change over the different proprieties of the alloys. By a minor addition of alloying elements or by varying the concentration of an alloying element, non-expected properties can be obtained. This document is silent about the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy and it doesn't mention the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. This document discloses an alloy with a 5-11 wt % and 8-11 wt % of Si and 0.8-2 wt % of Cu.
  • HPDC high pressure die casting
  • the mechanical properties that can be achieved change completely, as shown in the DIN 1706 Standard, where mechanical properties change for sand, permanent mould casting, pressure die casting (HPDC) and investment casting.
  • Annex A of standard EN AC 43000 series discloses mechanical properties of pressure die cast alloys (Table A.1 - Mechanical properties of pressure die cast alloys).
  • Document EP 1978120A1 discloses an aluminium-silicon alloy for engine components. In this document there are no references to the HPDC process. This documents discloses very low elongation values of the obtained samples at room temperature in the as cast state ( ⁇ 0.7%). All the samples disclosed in this document have Si values with an eutectic or hypereutectic composition well above 9% by weight. This document also discloses an alloy with a 5-25% by weight of Si and 0.0007-0.1% by weight of C.
  • Secondary aluminium alloys disclosed in the prior art have limited elongation properties due to the presence of detrimental ⁇ -iron AI5FeSi needles.
  • the prior art discloses different ways of suppressing the formation of ⁇ -Al5FeSi phase: addition of sufficient manganese and, in alloys without manganese, high cooling rates.
  • Another way to avoid this problem is based on the development of primary aluminium alloys with small percentages of iron, as the AuralTM alloys with iron approximately less than 0.22% and 0.03% by weight of copper. It has also been disclosed alloys with high elongation with less than 0.2% by weight of iron content and others. It has also been disclosed limiting the silicon content to a maximum of 0.15% in weight in order to obtain high elongation alloys.
  • Document EP 2771493A2 discloses an AlSiMgCu casting alloy. This document discloses 0.5-2% by weight of copper and discloses the use of thermal treatments. This document discloses that an increasing Cu content can increase the strength due to higher amount of ⁇ '-Al2Cu and Q' precipitates, but reducing the ductility. This document aims to optimize the alloy composition, the solution and aging heat treatments to minimize/eliminate un-dissolved Q-phase (AISiMgSi) and maximize solid solution/precipitation strengthening.
  • AISiMgSi un-dissolved Q-phase
  • Document JPH093610 (A ) proposes a die-casting alloy having 5 to 13 wt % Si, up to 0.5 wt % Mg, 0.1 to 1.0 wt % Mn, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % Fe.
  • Cu and Zn contaminants are not taken into consideration, as these usually occur in significant amounts in the case of secondary aluminium.
  • the document discloses that thermal treatments are necessary to improve ductility because eutectic Si becomes roundish by heat treatment.
  • Document EP2657360 discloses a die casting alloy consisting of 6-12% by weight of Si, at least 0.3% by weight of iron, 0.25% by weight of Mn, 0.1% by weight of Cu, 0.24 to 0.8% by weight of Mg and 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of Zn.
  • This document discloses the use of eutectic modifiers, as Sr, Na and Sb, alone or in combination, and grain refiners as Ti, Zr, V.
  • Document EP 1612286 discloses an aluminium die casting alloy having 8 to 11.5% by weight of Si, 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of Mn, 0.08 to 0.4% by weight of Mg, max. 0.4% by weight of Fe, max. 0.1% by weight of Cu, max. 0.1% by weight of Zn, max.
  • EP 2 653 579 A1 concerns an Al-Si based alloy casting having enhanced yield strength and elongation in the cast condition that is used for structural components in the automotive industry.
  • the problem to be solved is the provision of a novel alloy of secondary quality produced for HPDC which can be used in as-cast condition and that presents the following values of elongation and mechanical properties: elongation (A) equal to or more than 2%, yield strength (Rp0.2) equal to or more than 165 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (Rm) equal to or more than 260 MPa.
  • elongation (A) equal to or more than 2%
  • yield strength (Rp0.2) equal to or more than 165 MPa
  • ultimate tensile strength (Rm) equal to or more than 260 MPa.
  • Said values of elongation and mechanical properties are required for safety components when they are designed to support crash impacts (high energy absorption, i.e large deformation) or/and large static bending loads (high strength).
  • the alloys of the invention also maintain other processability properties as the alloy fluidity, low soldering to the die, easy welding or high machinability, among others.
  • the present invention provides an aluminium casting alloy, wherein said alloy is consisting of:
  • silicon content is restricted to the range 11.5-12% by weight to reduce as much as possible the eutectic fraction what helps to maximize the elongation but maintaining the fluidity at minimal values that allow an adequate mold filling.
  • copper content is restricted to less than 0.2% by weight to guarantee a minimum elastic yield and ultimate tensile strength.
  • iron content is restricted to the range 0.3-0.7% by weight to guarantee both low mold soldering and small volume fraction of Al 5 FeSi intermetallics, which at the same time are minimized by the manganese content.
  • manganese content is restricted to less than 0.45% by weight to transform the Al 5 FeSi intermetallics into alpha-Al 12 (Mn,Fe)Si 2 and to reduce as much as possible the negative effect of those intermetallics, and to avoid the sludge problem that occurs with high percentages of Mn in combination with Fe and other alloying elements.
  • magnesium content helps to increase the yield strength, but always with a minimum percentage of copper and iron to avoid elongation to be affected. For small increases of magnesium percentages if enough silicon is available Mg 2 Si intermetallics can be produced.
  • zinc content helps to achieve larger elongation values at low magnesium contents taking advantage of its high solubility index, what means that for contents less than 0.3% by weight of zinc, larger elongation values can be reached since no matrix discontinuity appears.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from the alloy of DE 19524564 in that it contains 11.5-12% by weight of silicon and less than 0.2% by weight of copper.
  • the content of the alloying elements in the alloy according to the invention is related to the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy. These mechanical properties clearly vary with small changes in the composition. This can be seen in the alloys of the example, which shows changes of the properties with minor composition variations.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from EP 1978120A1 in that it contains 11.5-12% by weight of silicon and that it does not contain C.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from EP 2771493A2 in that it contains less than 0.2% by weight of copper.
  • concentration of copper in the alloy according to the invention lead to an increase in the elongation, in comparison with the values mentioned in EP 2771493A2 , which discloses that an increasing Cu content can increase the strength due to higher amount of ⁇ '-Al2Cu and Q' precipitates but reducing ductility.
  • a thermal treatment of the alloy according to the invention is not necessary, due to the appearance of a very fine eutectic and a quite globular dendrite structure in the alloy.
  • the reduced content of Cu and Zn in comparison with the alloy of document JPH093610 (A ) avoids the use of secondary aluminium as disclosed in JPH093610 (A ).
  • the alloy according to the invention differs mainly from the alloy of document EP2657360 in that it contains less than 0.3% by weight of Zn.
  • An increase in the Zn percentage leads to a lower corrosion resistance, and because of that, the Zn percentage has been limited in the alloy according to the invention, in order to obtain parts that don't need extra surface treatments.
  • the alloy according to the invention has high ductility.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from document EP 1612286 in that it does not contain Mo.
  • Aluminium compositions have been prepared by melting a standard EN-AC 43000 alloy in a holding furnace at 690°C and later poured into the injection vessel, being injected into the mold cavity of a 950 tonnes closing force HPDC machine at 685°C. No vacuum conditions were applied.
  • Alloys 1 and 2 are comparative examples and are not alloys according to the invention.
  • Alloy 3 is an alloy according to the invention. The obtained results are also specified in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Alloy 1 Alloy 2 Alloy 3 Si (% by weight) 11.49 12.07 11.65 Fe (% by weight) 0.91 0.83 0.337 Cu (% by weight) 0.419 0.134 0.199 Mn (% by weight) 0.67 0.492 0.302 Mg (% by weight) 0.399 0.281 0.58 Zn (% by weight) 0.147 0.024 0.028 Ti (% by weight) 0.231 0.084 0.239 Cr (% by weight) 0.135 0.032 0.017 Ni (% by weight) 0.0037 0.167 0.196 Pb (% by weight) 0.18 0.18 0.073 Sn (% by weight) 0.04 0.06 0.032 Sr (% by weight) 0.046 0.033 0.021 Rp0.2 (MPa) 163 154
  • Patent EP2657360 (B1 ) discloses the use of eutectic modifiers, as Sr, Na and Sb, alone or in combination, and grain refiners as Ti, Zr, V.
  • the alloy according to the invention has less than 0.25% by weight of titanium and less than 0.025% by weight of strontium.
  • Sr in the alloys of the example don't shown a significant benefit over the elongation, with for example the modified Alloy 1 with much higher Sr content wt. % than Alloy 3 but with a smaller elongation value.
  • the alloys of the example don't show a significant benefit over the elongation, with similar values.
  • Alloy 1 and Alloy 3 have been grain refined with titanium, obtaining a 0.231% and 0.239 % by weight of Ti respectively in his final composition, and Alloy 1 of the example don't show a significant benefit over the elongation value. This can be explained as much as the grain refining and a modification of the structure can be obtained by a rapid cooling (up to 100°c/s) of the injected part and a multiplication pressure (up to 120 Mpa) applied over the metal in the solidification in the high pressure die casting process (HPDC).
  • a rapid cooling up to 100°c/s
  • a multiplication pressure up to 120 Mpa

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Aluminiumgusslegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Legierung besteht aus:
    11,5-12 Gew.-% Silizium,
    0,3-0,7 Gew.-% Eisen,
    weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Kupfer,
    weniger als 0,45 Gew.-% Mangan,
    weniger als 0,3 Gew.-% Zink,
    0,4-0,7 Gew.-% Magnesium,
    weniger als 0,25 Gew.-% Titan,
    0,015-0,1 Gew.-% Chrom,
    weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Nickel,
    weniger als 0,025 Gew.-% Strontium,
    weniger als 0,1 Gew.-% Blei,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Zinn
    und Aluminium als Restbestandteil.
EP16382662.1A 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung Active EP3342888B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES16382662T ES2753167T3 (es) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aleación de aluminio para fundición
EP16382662.1A EP3342888B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16382662.1A EP3342888B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3342888A1 EP3342888A1 (de) 2018-07-04
EP3342888B1 true EP3342888B1 (de) 2019-05-29

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EP16382662.1A Active EP3342888B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung

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EP (1) EP3342888B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2753167T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5573606A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-11-12 Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products
JPH093610A (ja) 1995-06-15 1997-01-07 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd 寸法精度及び延性に優れた薄肉アルミダイカスト製品及び製造方法
DE19524564A1 (de) 1995-06-28 1997-01-02 Vaw Alucast Gmbh Aluminiumguß-Legierung
ES2368923T3 (es) 2004-06-29 2011-11-23 Aluminium Rheinfelden Gmbh Aleación de aluminio para la colada a presión.
EP1978120B1 (de) 2007-03-30 2012-06-06 Technische Universität Clausthal Aluminium-Silizium-Gussleglerung und Verfahren zu Ihrer Herstellung
BR112014010030B1 (pt) 2011-10-28 2018-11-06 Alcoa Usa Corp ligas para fundição de aluminio
EP2653579B1 (de) * 2012-04-17 2014-10-15 Georg Fischer Druckguss GmbH & Co. KG Aluminium-Legierung
SI2657360T1 (sl) 2012-04-26 2014-07-31 Audi Ag Zlitina za tlačno litje na osnovi Al-Si, ki obsega še zlasti sekundarni aluminij
EP2865774B1 (de) * 2013-10-23 2016-04-13 Befesa Aluminio, S.L. Aluminiumgusslegierung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3342888A1 (de) 2018-07-04
ES2753167T3 (es) 2020-04-07

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