EP3338050B1 - Projectile comprising a composite material and a production method for such projectiles - Google Patents

Projectile comprising a composite material and a production method for such projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3338050B1
EP3338050B1 EP16756661.1A EP16756661A EP3338050B1 EP 3338050 B1 EP3338050 B1 EP 3338050B1 EP 16756661 A EP16756661 A EP 16756661A EP 3338050 B1 EP3338050 B1 EP 3338050B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
projectile
metal powder
composite material
tip
polymer matrix
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EP16756661.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3338050A1 (en
Inventor
Michael MUSTER
Markus Bucher
Franck JAUZION- GRAVEROLLE
Daniel STRÄHL
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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Priority to EP20182934.8A priority Critical patent/EP3736524B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/001—Devices or processes for assembling ammunition, cartridges or cartridge elements from parts

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the invention is a projectile, in particular an Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) bullet or an Incendiary bullet, comprising a composite material, in particular the bullet tip consisting of the composite material, and a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • a projectile in particular an Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) bullet or an Incendiary bullet, comprising a composite material, in particular the bullet tip consisting of the composite material, and a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • API bullets have been part of the prior art for a long time and are used, for example, in US 1380773A described. They are used to mark hits with light and to set fire to flammable objects. So when a projectile hits, it's supposed to emit a flash of light.
  • FAP Frangible Armor Piercing
  • ammunition that has a multi-part structure that consists in particular but not exclusively of metal powder. This metal powder (titanium or zirconium) is embedded in epoxy resin to form a combustible part that emits a bright light on impact (such as in US5299501A ).
  • Pyrotechnic systems are widespread with larger calibers (military medium caliber). They contain a pyrotechnic charge which is initiated upon impact and emits a bright light. These pyrotechnic compositions usually consist of a proportion of magnesium or aluminum and a proportion of oxygen suppliers in solid form (see, for example, the US 3028808A ).
  • objects that are easy to ignite can also be intentionally set on fire.
  • Multi-purpose projectiles are also part of the pyrotechnic systems, but in addition to glowing pyrotechnics, they also have a set that explodes. This achieves a combination of target point marking, incendiary device, shrapnel production and penetration effect.
  • this type of projectile has the major disadvantage that the required multi-layer structure is also associated with relatively high production costs ( US2564870A ).
  • API bullets in the small caliber range are usually made up of three parts.
  • the shoe preferably consists of a turned part made of a brass alloy. This shoe is in contact with the barrel. A high level of ductility is therefore required here. The shoe must not damage the steel barrel.
  • a hard core is inserted in the center of a preferably configured projectile. This consists of a steel or tungsten alloy. The purpose of the hard core is to ensure penetration.
  • the incendiary portion of these bullets is provided by the titanium tip.
  • the titanium tip is usually made of solid material and often has a relatively complex structure, as it is located at the tip and should still provide enough space for the long hard core.
  • the construction in solid titanium is questionable in terms of market economy, since the material properties of the relatively expensive pure titanium are not exploited in any way. Neither the ductility nor the low density are decisive for the Incendiary Effect.
  • the excellent corrosion resistance is also of secondary importance. Because of the sometimes complicated inner geometry, the volume that has to be removed by machining is relatively large. The reason for using the material is its flammability.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to find a material that is less expensive and to find a method that saves more material.
  • the starting material consists of a sludge-like structure that can easily be processed into powder. This is also the reason why the powders (precursor material) of the respective materials are comparatively inexpensive.
  • it is therefore particularly optimal to use a method in which the tips of the projectiles are manufactured in such a way that powder material can be used. This significantly reduces waste, although contours can still be complex.
  • the matrix of the composite material can be used to permanently connect the sections of bullet shoe and core. In order to keep the bullet as cheap as possible, the tip should be available directly in the previously defined and desired color without the need for an additional coloring process.
  • the invention is a projectile according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 8.
  • the unfavorable use of material is solved by embedding a metal powder, preferably titanium or magnesium powder, in a polymer matrix.
  • a metal powder preferably titanium or magnesium powder
  • the polymer composite can be shaped by transfer molding or other suitable shaping methods.
  • a thermoplastic is used as the matrix polymer.
  • the metal powder fulfills the function of the incendiary charge, the matrix serves as a carrier and at the same time as fastening material for the other two parts (hard core and projectile shoe).
  • a connection between the main projectile and the polymer composite material is also conceivable, but this is only possible for the Incendiary variant.
  • the polymer-metal composite consists of at least 50 percent by volume of a metal powder.
  • the metal powder is selected from the group
  • the metal powder preferably consists of titanium or magnesium.
  • the polymer matrix preferably consists of a thermoplastic industrial plastic, for example polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or another industrial plastic. PEEK is particularly suitable for the application due to the wide temperature range in which the product can be used.
  • the tip of the bullet is injected directly onto the bullet shoe and the hard core.
  • the bullet core and the bullet shoe can be provided with a rough surface, notches or radial grooves.
  • the precursor piece, consisting of the bullet shoe with the core located therein can be inserted into the injection molding tool and cast around from the tip.
  • several work steps can be simplified or saved, for example pressing in with a press fit to obtain the precursor piece is no longer necessary.
  • the tip of the bullet also no longer needs to be attached, and the injection molding of the tip of the bullet makes an additional seal obsolete.
  • a modular design can be envisaged.
  • the individually produced polymer composite bullet tip can be attached to the precursor with a snap lock, a bayonet lock or a press lock. This creates a decentralized production possible.
  • An embodiment with a projectile tip configuration that can be modified shortly before use is also possible as a result.
  • the functional principle for the light flash is explained as follows. Due to the short-term dynamic impact of the tip, the plastic is prone to brittle fracture, so that the plastic-metal bond breaks like a ceramic.
  • the metal powder particles are released in the process. Due to the impact friction, the particles are additionally heated and ignite, e.g. B. with magnesium itself after a very short time.
  • the titanium requires more energy until the self-ignition temperature is reached, which is why the fire pattern changes, but ignition on impact is still possible.
  • a desired effect can therefore be achieved, for example flame coloring through the addition of other elements is conceivable.
  • the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals which often have a characteristic flame coloration, are particularly suitable for this purpose. Additions of potassium, sodium, barium, calcium, lithium, boron and strontium are particularly suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Projektil, insbesondere ein Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) Geschoss oder ein Incendiary Geschoss, umfassend einen Verbundwerkstoff, insbesondere wobei die Geschossspitze aus dem Verbundwerkstoff besteht, sowie ein entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren.The subject matter of the invention is a projectile, in particular an Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) bullet or an Incendiary bullet, comprising a composite material, in particular the bullet tip consisting of the composite material, and a corresponding manufacturing method.

API Geschosse gehören seit langer Zeit zum Stand der Technik und werden beispielsweise in der US 1380773 A beschrieben. Verwendet werden sie zur Treffermarkierung durch Licht und zum Inbrandsetzen von entzündlichen Gegenständen. Wenn also ein Projektil auftrifft, soll es einen Lichtblitz emittieren. Besonders bekannt sind vier unterschiedliche Systeme:
Dazu gehört das Frangible Armor Piercing (FAP) System, eine Munition, welche einen mehrteiligen Aufbau besitzt, der insbesondere aber nicht ausschliesslich aus Metallpulver besteht. Dieses Metallpulver (Titan oder Zirkonium) ist in Epoxidharz eingebettet und bildet so einen brennbaren Teil, der beim Aufprall ein helles Licht emittiert (so zum Beispiel in US 5299501 A ).API bullets have been part of the prior art for a long time and are used, for example, in US 1380773A described. They are used to mark hits with light and to set fire to flammable objects. So when a projectile hits, it's supposed to emit a flash of light. Four different systems are particularly well known:
This includes the Frangible Armor Piercing (FAP) system, ammunition that has a multi-part structure that consists in particular but not exclusively of metal powder. This metal powder (titanium or zirconium) is embedded in epoxy resin to form a combustible part that emits a bright light on impact (such as in US5299501A ).

Pyrotechnische Systeme sind bei grösseren Kalibern (militärisches Mittelkaliber) weit verbreitet. Sie enthalten einen pyrotechnischen Satz, welcher beim Auftreffen initiiert wird und ein helles Licht emittiert. Diese pyrotechnischen Sätze bestehen meist aus einem Anteil an Magnesium oder Aluminium und einem Anteil an Sauerstofflieferanten in Feststoffform (siehe beispielsweise die US 3028808 A ).Pyrotechnic systems are widespread with larger calibers (military medium caliber). They contain a pyrotechnic charge which is initiated upon impact and emits a bright light. These pyrotechnic compositions usually consist of a proportion of magnesium or aluminum and a proportion of oxygen suppliers in solid form (see, for example, the US 3028808A ).

Bei militärischer Kleinkaliber Munition sind Systeme bekannt, welche ausschliesslich einen Brennstoff enthalten (z. B. in US 4112846 A ). Die Kleinkaliber API Munition ist mit einer Spitze versehen, welche aus Titan aufgebaut ist und ist oftmals aus dem Vollen spanend bearbeitet. Diese Titanspitze wird beim Aufprall durch die Reibung erhitzt. Diese Reibungswärme reicht aus, um das Titan zu entzünden. Da Titan unter einer hellen Flamme verbrennt, erreicht man so eine genaue Zielpunktmarkierung.In the case of small-caliber military ammunition, systems are known which contain only one fuel (e.g. in US4112846A ). The small caliber API ammunition is provided with a tip, which is made of titanium and is often machined from the solid. This titanium tip is heated by friction on impact. This frictional heat is enough to ignite the titanium. Because titanium burns with a bright flame, this allows for accurate target marking.

Neben der Zielpunktmarkierung können auch absichtlich leicht zu entzündende Gegenstände in Brand gesetzt werden.In addition to the target point marking, objects that are easy to ignite can also be intentionally set on fire.

Multi Purpose Geschosse zählen auch zu den pyrotechnischen Systemen, besitzen aber neben einer leuchtenden Pyrotechnik auch einen Satz der explodiert. Dadurch erreicht man eine Kombination aus Zielpunktmarkierung, Brandsatz, Schrapnellproduktion und Penetrationseffekt. Diese Projektilart hat aber den grossen Nachteil, dass der erforderliche mehrschichtige Aufbau zusätzlich mit relativ hohen Herstellkosten verbunden ist ( US 2564870 A ).Multi-purpose projectiles are also part of the pyrotechnic systems, but in addition to glowing pyrotechnics, they also have a set that explodes. This achieves a combination of target point marking, incendiary device, shrapnel production and penetration effect. However, this type of projectile has the major disadvantage that the required multi-layer structure is also associated with relatively high production costs ( US2564870A ).

Aus EP 2 295 927 A2 ist ein Flugkörper mit einem pyrotechnischen Satz bekannt.Out of EP 2 295 927 A2 a missile with a pyrotechnic charge is known.

Aus US 2012/0167793 A1 sind Projektile mit Brand- oder Explosionsverbundwerkstoffen bekannt. Aus US 2012/308426 A1 ist ein Zerlegungsprojektil bekannt das einen Verbundwerkstoff umfasst das ein Metallpulver und eine Polymermatrix umfasst.Out of U.S. 2012/0167793 A1 Projectiles with incendiary or explosive composite materials are known. Out of U.S. 2012/308426 A1 a fragmentation projectile is known which comprises a composite material comprising a metal powder and a polymer matrix.

API Geschosse im Kleinkaliber Bereich sind meist dreiteilig aufgebaut. Der Schuh besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Drehteil aus einer Messinglegierung. Dieser Schuh steht in Kontakt mit dem Lauf. Deshalb ist hierbei eine hohe Duktilität gefordert. Der Schuh darf den Stahllauf nicht beschädigen. Im Zentrum eines bevorzugt ausgestalteten Projektils ist ein harter Kern eingelegt. Dieser besteht aus einer Stahl oder Wolframlegierung. Der Zweck des Hartkerns ist es, die Penetration sicherzustellen.API bullets in the small caliber range are usually made up of three parts. The shoe preferably consists of a turned part made of a brass alloy. This shoe is in contact with the barrel. A high level of ductility is therefore required here. The shoe must not damage the steel barrel. A hard core is inserted in the center of a preferably configured projectile. This consists of a steel or tungsten alloy. The purpose of the hard core is to ensure penetration.

Den Incendiary Anteil bei diesen Geschossen liefert die Titanspitze. Die Titanspitze besteht in der Regel aus Vollmaterial und hat oft einen relativ komplexen Aufbau, da es sich an der Spitze befindet und immer noch genug Platz für den langen Hartkern bereitstellen soll. Es ist aber auch denkbar, Incendiary Geschosse ohne Hartkern zu fertigen. Hinzu kommt, dass der Aufbau in Vollmaterial-Titan marktwirtschaftlich fraglich ist, da die Materialeigenschaften des relativ teuren rein-Titans in keiner Weise ausgenutzt werden. Für den Incendiary Effekt sind weder die Duktilität noch die geringe Dichte entscheidend. Auch die hervorragende Korrosionsbeständigkeit hat nur eine untergeordnete Relevanz. Aufgrund der teils komplizierten Innengeometrie ist das Volumen, das spanend abgetragen werden muss, relativ groß. Der Grund für die Verwendung des Materials ist dessen Brennbarkeit.The incendiary portion of these bullets is provided by the titanium tip. The titanium tip is usually made of solid material and often has a relatively complex structure, as it is located at the tip and should still provide enough space for the long hard core. However, it is also conceivable to manufacture Incendiary bullets without a hard core. In addition, the construction in solid titanium is questionable in terms of market economy, since the material properties of the relatively expensive pure titanium are not exploited in any way. Neither the ductility nor the low density are decisive for the Incendiary Effect. The excellent corrosion resistance is also of secondary importance. Because of the sometimes complicated inner geometry, the volume that has to be removed by machining is relatively large. The reason for using the material is its flammability.

Der vorliegenden Erfindnung lag deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Material zu finden, das kostengünstiger ist und ein Verfahren zu finden, das materialsparender ist. Bei der Herstellung von Titan und auch Magnesium zu einem Halbzeug besteht das Ausgangsmaterial aus einer schlammartigen Struktur, die einfach zu Pulver verarbeitet werden kann. Dies ist auch der Grund, warum die Pulver (Präkursor Material) der jeweiligen Materialien vergleichsweise preisgünstig sind. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher besonders optimal, eine Methode zu verwenden, bei welcher die Spitzen der Projektile so angefertigt werden, dass Pulvermaterial verwendet werden kann. Dadurch reduziert sich der Abfall signifikant, obwohl die Konturen immer noch komplex sein können. Beim Produktionsprozess kann die Matrix des Verbundwerkstoffes genutzt werden, um die Teilstücke Geschossschuh und Kern miteinander dauerhaft zu verbinden. Um das Geschoss möglichst günstig zu halten sollte die Spitze direkt in der vorher definierten und gewünschten Farbe erhältlich sein, ohne dass ein zusätzlicher Färbevorgang notwendig wäre.The object of the present invention was therefore to find a material that is less expensive and to find a method that saves more material. In the production of titanium and also magnesium into a semi-finished product, the starting material consists of a sludge-like structure that can easily be processed into powder. This is also the reason why the powders (precursor material) of the respective materials are comparatively inexpensive. According to the invention, it is therefore particularly optimal to use a method in which the tips of the projectiles are manufactured in such a way that powder material can be used. This significantly reduces waste, although contours can still be complex. During the production process, the matrix of the composite material can be used to permanently connect the sections of bullet shoe and core. In order to keep the bullet as cheap as possible, the tip should be available directly in the previously defined and desired color without the need for an additional coloring process.

Die Erfindung ist ein Projektil nach Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 8.The invention is a projectile according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 8.

Beim zu schützenden Projektil wird die ungünstige Materialausnutzung gelöst, indem ein Metallpulver, bevorzugt Titan- oder Magnesiumpulver in eine Polymermatrix eingebettet wird. Der Polymer-Verbundwerkstoff kann durch Spritzpressen oder andere geeignete Formgebungsverfahren geformt werden. Als Matrixpolymer wird ein Thermoplast verwendet.In the case of the projectile to be protected, the unfavorable use of material is solved by embedding a metal powder, preferably titanium or magnesium powder, in a polymer matrix. The polymer composite can be shaped by transfer molding or other suitable shaping methods. A thermoplastic is used as the matrix polymer.

Das Metallpulver erfüllt hierbei die Funktion des Brandssatzes, die Matrix dient als Träger und zugleich als Befestigungsmaterial für die beiden anderen Teile (Hartkern und Geschossschuh). Auch eine Verbindung zwischen dem Hauptprojektil und dem Polymerverbundwerkstoff ist denkbar, was aber nur für die Incendiary Variante in Betracht kommt.The metal powder fulfills the function of the incendiary charge, the matrix serves as a carrier and at the same time as fastening material for the other two parts (hard core and projectile shoe). A connection between the main projectile and the polymer composite material is also conceivable, but this is only possible for the Incendiary variant.

Durch orientierende Tests wurde herausgefunden, dass es überraschenderweise reicht, einen Metall- Polymer-Verbundwerkstoff zu verwenden, um den gewünschten Lichteffekt zu generieren. Der Polymer-Metallverbund besteht zu mindestens 50 Volumenprozent aus einem Metallpulver. Das Metallpulver wird ausgewählt aus der GruppeThrough preliminary tests it was found that, surprisingly, it is sufficient to use a metal-polymer composite to generate the desired light effect. The polymer-metal composite consists of at least 50 percent by volume of a metal powder. The metal powder is selected from the group

bestehend aus Titan, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zirkon oder beliebigen Mischungen davon, bevorzugt besteht das Metall pulver aus Titan oder Magnesium. Die Polymermatrix besteht bevorzugt aus einem thermoplastischen Industriekunststoff, beispielsweise Polyethereterketon (PEEK) oder einem anderen Industriekunststoff. PEEK ist aufgrund des breiten Temperaturbandes, in demdas Produkt eingesetzt werden kann, für die Anwendung besonders geeignet.consisting of titanium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium or any mixtures thereof, the metal powder preferably consists of titanium or magnesium. The polymer matrix preferably consists of a thermoplastic industrial plastic, for example polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or another industrial plastic. PEEK is particularly suitable for the application due to the wide temperature range in which the product can be used.

Erfindungsgemäss wird die Spitze des Geschosses direkt auf den Geschossschuh und den Hartkern gespritzt. Damit eine verbesserte Verbindung entsteht, können Geschosskern und Geschossschuh mit einer rauen Oberfläche, Kerben oder Radialnuten versehen werden. Idealerweise kann das Precursor Stück bestehend aus Geschossschuh mit dem darin befindlichen Kern, in das Spritzgusswerkzeug eingelegt werden und von der Spitze her umgossen werden. Dadurch können mehrere Arbeitsschritte vereinfacht oder eingespart werden, beispielsweise ist das Einpressen mit einer Presspassung, um das Precursor Stück zu erhalten, nicht mehr notwendig. Das Aufsetzen der Geschossspitze fällt ebenfalls weg und durch das Spritzgiessen der Geschossspitze wird eine zusätzliche Abdichtung hinfällig.According to the invention, the tip of the bullet is injected directly onto the bullet shoe and the hard core. In order to create an improved connection, the bullet core and the bullet shoe can be provided with a rough surface, notches or radial grooves. Ideally, the precursor piece, consisting of the bullet shoe with the core located therein, can be inserted into the injection molding tool and cast around from the tip. As a result, several work steps can be simplified or saved, for example pressing in with a press fit to obtain the precursor piece is no longer necessary. The tip of the bullet also no longer needs to be attached, and the injection molding of the tip of the bullet makes an additional seal obsolete.

In einer Ausführungsform kann ein modularer Aufbau in Betracht gezogen werden. Die im Einzelnen produzierte Polymer-Verbund-Geschossspitze kann dabei mit einem Schnappverschluss, einem Bajonettverschluss oder einem Pressverschluss auf dem Precursor befestigt werden. Dadurch wird eine dezentrale Fertigung möglich. Auch eine Ausführungsform mit einer kurz vor dem Einsatz abänderbaren Geschosspitzenkonfiguaration ist dadurch möglich. Es ist in einer besonders hervorzuhebenden Ausführungsform möglich, wahlweise eine Kunststoffspitze ohne Metallinhalt oder eine Spitze mit unterschiedlichen Mischungen einzusetzen. Dadurch kann eine einzige Geschosskonstruktion wahlweise als AP Munition oder API Munition verwendet werden.In one embodiment, a modular design can be envisaged. The individually produced polymer composite bullet tip can be attached to the precursor with a snap lock, a bayonet lock or a press lock. This creates a decentralized production possible. An embodiment with a projectile tip configuration that can be modified shortly before use is also possible as a result. In a particularly noteworthy embodiment, it is possible to use either a plastic tip without metal content or a tip with different mixtures. This allows a single bullet design to be used as either AP ammunition or API ammunition.

Industriekunststoffe sind verschiedenfarbig als Granulat erhältlich. Somit ist auch eine simple Markierung und farbliche Anpassung möglich. Als Metallpulver eigenen sich Korngrössen von 0,02 mm bis 0,4 mm. Grundsätzlich entsteht dabei nur wenig Metallabfall. Dies macht die Konstruktion ökonomisch und ökologisch wertvoll.Industrial plastics are available in different colors as granules. Thus, a simple marking and color adjustment is possible. Grain sizes of 0.02 mm to 0.4 mm are suitable as metal powder. Basically, there is only little metal waste. This makes the construction economically and ecologically valuable.

Das Funktionsprinzip für den Lichtblitz erklärt sich wie folgt. Durch den kurzzeitdynamischen Aufprall der Spitze reagiert der Kunststoff sprödbruchanfällig, so dass der Kunststoff-Metall-Verbund ähnlich einer Keramik zerbricht. Dabei werden die Metallpulverpartikel freigesetzt. Durch die Aufprallreibung werden die Partikel zusätzlich aufgewärmt und entzünden sich z. B. bei Magnesium bereits nach kürzester Zeit selbst. Das Titan benötigt zwar mehr Energie bis die Selbstzündtemperatur erreicht ist, weshalb sich auch ein verändertes Feuerbild zeigt, aber eine Entzündung beim Aufprall ist dennoch möglich. Bei Metallpulvergemischen kann daher ein gewünschter Effekt erzielt werden, beispielsweise eine Flammfärbung durch Zusätze von anderen Elementen ist denkbar. Dafür kommen insbesondere die Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle in Betracht, die vielfach eine charakteristische Flammfärbung aufweisen. Insbesondere geeignet sind Zusätze von Kalium, Natrium, Barium, Calcium, Lithium, Bor, Strontium.The functional principle for the light flash is explained as follows. Due to the short-term dynamic impact of the tip, the plastic is prone to brittle fracture, so that the plastic-metal bond breaks like a ceramic. The metal powder particles are released in the process. Due to the impact friction, the particles are additionally heated and ignite, e.g. B. with magnesium itself after a very short time. The titanium requires more energy until the self-ignition temperature is reached, which is why the fire pattern changes, but ignition on impact is still possible. In the case of metal powder mixtures, a desired effect can therefore be achieved, for example flame coloring through the addition of other elements is conceivable. The alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which often have a characteristic flame coloration, are particularly suitable for this purpose. Additions of potassium, sodium, barium, calcium, lithium, boron and strontium are particularly suitable.

Claims (10)

  1. Projectile comprising a composite material comprising a metal powder and a polymer matrix, wherein the metal powder is selected from the group consisting of titanium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium or any mixtures thereof, wherein the composite material consists of at least 50 percent by volume of the metal powder, and wherein a thermoplastic is used as polymer matrix, characterized in that the metal powder is embedded in the polymer matrix.
  2. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile tip consists of the composite material.
  3. Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the projectile is an Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) projectile or an Incendiary projectile.
  4. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the metal powder has a grain size of 0,02 mm to 0,4 mm.
  5. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer matrix consists of thermoplastic industrial plastic.
  6. Projectile according to one of claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that the projectile is an API projectile comprising a hard core, in particular consisting of a steel or tungsten alloy, located in the center of the projectile, and a projectile tip formed of the composite material.
  7. Projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that the projectile has a modular structure and the composite material projectile tip is fixed on a precursor consisting of a core and a projectile shoe with a snap lock, a bayonet lock or a press lock.
  8. Method of manufacturing a projectile in which the projectile tip is injected directly on the precursor consisting of a core and a projectile shoe, wherein the projectile tip is formed from a composite material comprising a metal powder and a polymer matrix, wherein the metal powder is embedded in the polymer matrix and selected from the group consisting of titanium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium or any mixtures thereof, wherein the composite material consist of at least 50 percent by volume of the metal powder.
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the application of the projectile tip is performed by means of transfer molding or injection molding.
  10. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the precursor is inserted in the injection molding tool and is molded starting from the tip.
EP16756661.1A 2015-08-17 2016-08-17 Projectile comprising a composite material and a production method for such projectiles Active EP3338050B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP20182934.8A EP3736524B1 (en) 2015-08-17 2016-08-17 Api-projectile and corresponding manufacturing method

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EP15181275 2015-08-17
PCT/EP2016/069462 WO2017029303A1 (en) 2015-08-17 2016-08-17 Composite material and corresponding production method for projectiles

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FI (1) FI3338050T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE063852T2 (en)
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EP4163584A1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-12 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method for finishing a base component and component with such a post-processed base component

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US20120167793A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2012-07-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US20120308426A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2012-12-06 Martin Gerardo Perez Frangible projectile and method for making same

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US1380773A (en) 1918-11-20 1921-06-07 Wallace L Clay Armor-piercing, spotlight, and incendiary bullet
LU28388A1 (en) 1947-04-02
US3028808A (en) 1958-01-09 1962-04-10 Samuel J Porter Armor piercing incendiary projectile
GB1038702A (en) * 1964-02-06 1966-08-10 Ici Ltd Plastic tip projectile
US4112846A (en) 1965-06-11 1978-09-12 Martin Marietta Aluminum Inc. Armor-piercing incendiary projectile
US3865035A (en) * 1969-01-16 1975-02-11 Thiokol Chemical Corp Multi-use munition
US3830671A (en) * 1972-11-30 1974-08-20 American Metal Climax Inc Thermally ignitable zirconium-plastic composition
US4381692A (en) * 1977-05-11 1983-05-03 Quantic Industries, Inc. Method of making an incendiary munition
US5198616A (en) 1990-09-28 1993-03-30 Bei Electronics, Inc. Frangible armor piercing incendiary projectile
US6962634B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2005-11-08 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials
DE102009041366A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-05-26 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Missile with a pyrotechnic set

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100736A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Polymer-reinforced metal matrix composite
US20120167793A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2012-07-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US20120308426A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2012-12-06 Martin Gerardo Perez Frangible projectile and method for making same

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EP3736524B1 (en) 2023-12-20
FI3338050T3 (en) 2023-10-19
HUE063852T2 (en) 2024-02-28
EP3736524A1 (en) 2020-11-11
EP3736524C0 (en) 2023-12-20
PL3338050T3 (en) 2024-03-25
WO2017029303A1 (en) 2017-02-23
EP3338050A1 (en) 2018-06-27

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