EP3337878A1 - Method for producing a fuel composition and for operating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for producing a fuel composition and for operating an internal combustion engine

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Publication number
EP3337878A1
EP3337878A1 EP16747445.1A EP16747445A EP3337878A1 EP 3337878 A1 EP3337878 A1 EP 3337878A1 EP 16747445 A EP16747445 A EP 16747445A EP 3337878 A1 EP3337878 A1 EP 3337878A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
dimethyl ether
methanol
special
synthesis gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16747445.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Hehle
Philipp KLAAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH filed Critical MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
Publication of EP3337878A1 publication Critical patent/EP3337878A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0668—Treating or cleaning means; Fuel filters
    • F02D19/0671—Means to generate or modify a fuel, e.g. reformers, electrolytic cells or membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/06—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/003—Additives for gaseous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B7/00—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel
    • F02B7/06—Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by compression ignition of an additional fuel the fuel in the charge being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F02D19/085—Control based on the fuel type or composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/04—Gasification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a low-cost fuel composition. Moreover, the invention also relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. In addition, a use of methanol-reduced dimethyl ether is described according to the invention.
  • Synthesis gas can be produced from special gas by purification and subsequent reforming.
  • Special gases which also include low-pressure gases, are generally waste gases which are produced, for example, in gas production or in biological or chemical processes and are usually burned on the torch or blown off without further targeted and thus costly purification into the environment.
  • a use of special gas as fuel gas is due to the sensitivity of the internal combustion engine and the associated technical adaptation of the engine to the various special gases only very limited possible.
  • DME dimethyl ether
  • special gas is initially provided which, as mentioned above, contains substances which can be converted in a combustion process.
  • Suitable special gases include exhaust gases and associated gases from the chemical industry and the raw material production (eg from refining), wood gas, convert gas, pyrolysis gas, mine and mine gas, coke gas, landfill gas, biogas, sewage gas, natural gas, flare gas, shale gas, town gas, propane, Butane, associated gases that are produced during steel and iron production (such as: cupola furnace gas, blast furnace gas, etc.), as well as mixtures of the specified gases.
  • Special gases can therefore be of different origin and composition and accordingly have different calorific values.
  • Special gases suitable for the invention may in particular have calorific values of less than 1 kWh / m 3 N to> 30 kWh / m 3 N.
  • the special gas is split into two partial streams. A first part of the special gas is reformed by a reforming process or by combining various processes to synthesis gas. The reforming is carried out as usual under high temperatures and possibly with the supply of air.
  • the resulting synthesis gas contains, inter alia, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), water and optionally residues of longer-chain hydrocarbons from the special gases, which could not be reformed.
  • dimethyl ether is produced from the resulting synthesis gas.
  • dimethyl ether can be recovered by distillation from the synthesis gas.
  • the dimethyl ether can also be synthesized.
  • methanol is produced in the process of the production of dimethyl ether (eg using a copper / zinc oxide / alumina catalyst).
  • the synthesis of dimethyl ether can thus be carried out, for example, by catalytic conversion of methanol while maintaining appropriate boundary conditions (pressure, temperature) and subsequent dehydration.
  • a DME-containing reaction mixture is produced which may contain DME further reaction products, such as methanol and residues of synthesis gas.
  • Methanol is then separated from the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture to produce a methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture. It has been found that the methanol alters the ignitability and combustion characteristics of DME and thus the combustion of special gases.
  • a DME-containing reaction mixture which contains methanol and is supplied to the combustion, depending on the Methanol content reduced and fluctuating combustion properties, whereby a combustion of special gas is prevented with a constant high efficiency.
  • the separation of methanol from the reaction mixture to produce substantially methanol-free DME is therefore advantageous.
  • the residual methanol content in the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture should preferably not exceed 50% by volume and is more preferably below 10% by volume.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture can be stored before completion of the fuel composition, for example in a tank or storage container.
  • any further reaction products can be separated from the reaction mixture in order to obtain the purest possible DME.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is combined with a second portion of the special gas to obtain the fuel composition.
  • the fuel composition is then used immediately to generate energy.
  • the bringing together can take place directly in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or in a separate container, for example a storage tank, or a region upstream of a combustion chamber.
  • the DME preferably serves in the firing process as a starting jet, which initiates and maintains the combustion of non-reformed special gas due to its good spontaneous ignition. Due to the constant ignition and combustion properties of the produced from the synthesis gas, methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture, differently composed special gases can be reliably ignited, which offers a high degree of flexibility in the special gas selection.
  • the inventive method therefore allows a simple and cost-effective utilization of special gas of any kind. Special gas, which is usually discarded as waste gas, can thus be used sustainably without elaborate purification of the total special gas flow must be made.
  • An advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that CO 2 is precipitated from the synthesis gas produced by reforming, in particular directly after the reforming. As a result, the ignitability of the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture is improved. Further advantageously, the bringing together of the second part of the special gas with the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture takes place in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Thus, the dimethyl ether can be used as a priming in the combustion of the special gas and this example be added at each compression of the fuel composition. Further advantageously, to promote ignitability of the fuel composition, synthesis gas may be added to the fuel composition. The synthesis gas can come from external sources or from synthesis gas obtained by reforming. Preferably, the synthesis gas is taken after the reforming and before the DME production, since thus a complete utilization of the synthesis gas and thus the sustainability of the method according to the invention are promoted.
  • the fuel composition already has high ignitability or low knock resistance, it may be advantageous to add exhaust gas obtained by combustion of the fuel composition to the fuel composition.
  • the combustion properties of the fuel composition can be controlled and standardized so that combustion of a wide variety of special gases is necessary without changing the hardware and software components involved in the combustion of the special gases.
  • a method for operating an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of i) providing a special gas, ii) reforming a first part of the special gas to produce synthesis gas, iii) producing dimethyl ether from the synthesis gas to produce a dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture, iv) separating methanol from the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture and Producing a methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture, v) supplying a second part of the special gas and the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and vi) igniting the second part of the special gas by igniting the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture.
  • process steps i) to iv) are identical to the corresponding process steps of the inventive method for producing a fuel composition.
  • the actual combustion of the fuel composition takes place, for which purpose special gas and methanol-reduced DME mixture in process step v) fed into a combustion chamber and then ignited under pressure to generate and burned.
  • the dimethyl ether contained in the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture serves as a self-igniting component, preferably as an ignition jet, the ignition of the second part of the special gas. Due to the ignition of the DME, the special gas is ignited afterwards.
  • the inventive method allows the efficient provision of energy from different, combustible substances containing, special gases, without any preceding , consuming purification or the specific adaptation of the internal combustion engine to the particular gases to be used needs.
  • special gases with calorific values of less than 1 kWh / m 3 to> 30 kWh / m 3 can be implemented according to the invention. Since special gases can be obtained inexpensively or free of charge, the operation of a Brerinkrafrmaschine invention is flexible, cost-effective and at the same time, due to the use of waste gas, sustainable.
  • the advantageous step of separating C0 2 from the synthesis gas produced by reforming which is carried out in particular directly after the reforming, can improve the ignitability of the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention provides for a step of feeding synthesis gas into the combustion chamber.
  • the synthesis gas is mixed before being fed into the combustion chamber with the second part of the special gas.
  • the combustion chamber comprises an antechamber and a main chamber.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is ignited in the pre-chamber and the resulting flames are conducted into the main chamber, where a very rapid combustion of the second part of the special gas can take place.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is stored in a tank until it is used.
  • a tank e.g. be responded to in the process for operating an internal combustion engine faster and flexible to corresponding performance demands. If more power is required, a larger amount of special gas is used and fed with a correspondingly higher amount of DME and ignited. In addition, it is easier to deal with transient requirements and startup processes.
  • dimethyl ether as a priming jet for igniting special gas containing combustible substances is also described in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein a content of methanol in dimethyl ether is less than 50% by volume and preferably less than 10% by volume. is.
  • the methanol-reduced, so only low levels of methanol-containing DME has constant ignition and combustion properties, so that different composition, containing combustible substances, special gases can be ignited with a constant burning efficiency efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart for illustrating the method for operating an internal combustion engine according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the essential features of a system 100, which is suitable for operating an internal combustion engine according to an advantageous embodiment of the method.
  • These devices include a Brerinkraftmaschine 1, a special gas source 2, a reformer 3, a C0 2 - separator 4, a DME-generating device 5 and a methanol separator 6.
  • a Brerinkraftmaschine 1 a special gas source 2
  • a reformer 3 a C0 2 - separator 4
  • a DME-generating device 5 a methanol separator 6.
  • Suitable special gases include exhaust gases and associated gases from the chemical industry and raw material production (eg from refining), wood gas, convertible gas, pyrolysis gas, mine and mine gas, coke gas, landfill gas, biogas, sewage gas, natural gas, flare gas, shale gas, city gas, propane, butane, associated gases and iron production arise (such as: Kupolofengas, blast furnace gas, etc.), and mixtures of the specified gases.
  • the special gas is passed through a flow divider 7, which separates the special gas into a first part and a second part.
  • the first part of the special gas is fed to a gas scrubber unit 8 and, depending on the reforming process used, the scrubbed special gas is optionally compressed together with air from an air supply device 9 in a compressor 10 and then fed to the reformer 3.
  • the special gas is reformed and obtained synthesis gas.
  • the reformer 3 can be supplied by current generated in the internal combustion engine 1 via the power line 27.
  • the resulting synthesis gas contains, inter alia, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), water and residues of special gas constituents, in particular longer-chain hydrocarbons. From the synthesis gas 4 C0 2 is deposited in the C0 2 separator and removed from the synthesis gas.
  • the remaining synthesis gas is supplied to the DME production device 5, in which DME is produced from the synthesis gas.
  • the reaction mixture containing dimethyl ether produced in the production contains, in addition to residual, unreacted synthesis gas, DME, methanol and C0 2 .
  • the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture can be passed through a condenser 11 in which any further reaction products can be separated from the DME.
  • methanol is separated from the reaction mixture in the methanol separator 6.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture can be post-treated in an aftertreatment unit 12 and, for example, cooled to room temperature and brought to about 8 bar in order to liquefy the DME.
  • the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture which may also be pure DME, depending on the preparation, can be temporarily stored in a tank 13 or immediately supplied to one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the second part of the special gas can also be fed via a special gas line 20 to a gas scrubber unit 14 and then optionally compressed in a compressor 15.
  • a mixing device 16 Via a mixing device 16, the possibly washed and compressed special gas is also fed into one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 1. In the combustion chamber, the combustion of special gas takes place under pressure.
  • the DME serves as a priming jet for the special gas to be burned, more precisely, the second part of the special gas.
  • the self-igniting DME under pressure is reduced in methanol Dimethyl ether mixture inflames which then ignites the special gas and burns.
  • Exhaust gas from the brake engine 1 can be added to the second part of the special gas to be supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 via an exhaust gas recirculation 17, which reduces the ignitability of the special gas.
  • a mixing device 18 is provided, in which the exhaust gas is mixed with the second part of the special gas before it is fed into the combustion chamber.
  • synthesis gas remaining in the condenser 11 and possibly stored in a synthesis gas reservoir 28 via a synthesis gas line 19 during the production of the DME-containing reaction mixture can be fed to the second part of the special gas and, for example, likewise introduced into the mixing device 16.
  • the ignition willingness of the second part of the special gas can be increased.
  • the ignitability of the fuel composition depending on the energy content, knock tendency and ignitability of the used special gas can be adjusted and controlled.
  • valves 21 are provided which allow or prevent mass transfer and which are controlled and regulated by a control and regulating device 22. To improve the energy efficiency of the system 100, heat exchange between hot and cold areas of the system 100 may be advantageously performed.
  • the heat exchange can take place via heat pipes 23 and heat exchanger 24. Where necessary, pressure measuring points 25, temperature measuring points 26, pressure relief valves 29 and level indicator 30 may be present in the system 100.
  • special gas and methanol-reduced DME in the internal combustion engine 1 can be used in a highly efficient manner with constant power and ignition special gas arbitrary composition for energy supply in the internal combustion engine 1, without requiring a specific adaptation of the internal combustion engine 1 to the particular gas to be used.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a fuel composition. Said method comprises the following steps: special gas containing combustible substances is provided, a first part of the special gas is reformed by producing synthesis gas, dimethyl ether is produced from the synthesis gas by producing a reaction mixture containing a dimethyl ether, methanol is separated from the reaction mixture and a methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is produced, a second part of the special gas is brought together with the methanol reduced dimethyl ether mixture in order to obtain the fuel composition.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG  DESCRIPTION
Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung und zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine Method for producing a fuel composition and for operating an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer kostengünstigen Brennstoffzusammensetzung. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine. Zudem wird erfindungsgemäß auch eine Verwendung von methanolreduziertem Dimethylether beschrieben. The invention relates to a method for producing a low-cost fuel composition. Moreover, the invention also relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. In addition, a use of methanol-reduced dimethyl ether is described according to the invention.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit von Brennkraftmaschinen hängt im Wesentlichen vom Energiegehalt und der Zusammensetzung des verwendeten Brennstoffgemisches ab. Zur Anwendung kommen daher beispielsweise durch Reformieren erzeugte Synthesegase, die einen hohen Anteil an zündwilligem Wasserstoff enthalten. Die Erzeugung von Synthesegas ist ein aufwendiger und kostspieliger Prozess. Synthesegas kann aus Sondergas durch Aufreinigung und anschließende Reformierung hergestellt werden. Sondergase, welche auch Schwachgase beinhalten, sind in der Regel Abfallgase, die beispielsweise bei der Gasförderung oder in biologischen oder chemischen Prozessen anfallen und üblicherweise an der Fackel verbrannt oder ohne weitere gezielte und damit kostspielige Aufreinigung in die Umwelt abgeblasen werden. Eine Verwendung von Sondergas als Brenngas ist aufgrund der Empfindlichkeit der Brennkraftmaschinen und der damit verbundenen technischen Anpassung des Motors an die verschiedenen Sondergase bislang nur sehr begrenzt möglich. The performance of internal combustion engines depends essentially on the energy content and the composition of the fuel mixture used. For this reason, synthetic gases generated by reforming are used, for example, which contain a high proportion of ignitable hydrogen. The production of synthesis gas is a complicated and costly process. Synthesis gas can be produced from special gas by purification and subsequent reforming. Special gases, which also include low-pressure gases, are generally waste gases which are produced, for example, in gas production or in biological or chemical processes and are usually burned on the torch or blown off without further targeted and thus costly purification into the environment. A use of special gas as fuel gas is due to the sensitivity of the internal combustion engine and the associated technical adaptation of the engine to the various special gases only very limited possible.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung anzugeben, das kostengünstig ein hochleistungsfähiges und in Bezug auf seine Verbrennungseigenschaften möglichst konstantes, zündfähiges Brennstoffgemisch unter Verwertung von Sondergas als Brenngas produziert. Darüber hinaus ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine anzugeben, das die Verwendung von unterschiedlichen Sondergasen ohne technische Anpassung der Brennkraftmaschine und damit ein kostengünstiges, effizientes Betreiben der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht. Ferner ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Verwendung von methanolreduziertem Dimethylether (DME) anzugeben. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. It is the object of the invention to provide a method for producing a fuel composition which inexpensively produces a high-performance and, with regard to its combustion properties, the most constant, ignitable fuel mixture using special gas as fuel gas. Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating an internal combustion engine, which allows the use of different special gases without technical adaptation of the internal combustion engine and thus a cost-effective, efficient operation of the internal combustion engine. It is another object of the present invention to provide a use of methanol-reduced dimethyl ether (DME). The solution of this object is achieved by the features of the independent claims.
Demnach wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung gelöst, das die Verwendung unter gleichzeitig partieller Aufbereitung von brennbare Substanzen enthaltendem Sondergas umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß wird zunächst Sondergas bereitgestellt, das, wie vorstehend erwähnt, Substanzen enthält, die in einem Verbrennungsprozess umgesetzt werden können. Geeignete Sondergase umfassen dabei Abgase und Begleitgase aus der chemischen Industrie und der Rohstofferzeugung (z.B. aus der Raffinierung), Holzgas, Konvertgas, Pyrolysegas, Gruben- und Minengas, Koksgas, Deponiegas, Biogas, Klärgas, Erdgas, Fackelgas, Schiefergas, Stadtgas, Propan, Butan, Begleitgase, die bei der Stahl- und Eisenerzeugung entstehen (wie z.B.: Kupolofengas, Gichtgas, etc.), sowie Mischungen aus den angegebenen Gasen. Sondergase können damit unterschiedlicher Herkunft und Zusammensetzung sein und weisen dementsprechend auch unterschiedliche Heizwerte auf. Für die Erfindung geeignete Sondergase können insbesondere Heizwerte von weniger als 1 kWh/m3 N bis >30 kWh/m3 N haben. Das Sondergas wird in zwei Teilströme aufgetrennt. Ein erster Teil des Sondergases wird mit Hilfe eines Reformierverfahrens oder unter Kombination verschiedener Verfahren zu Synthesegas reformiert. Die Reformierung erfolgt wie üblich unter hohen Temperaturen und ggf. unter Zuführung von Luft. Das erhaltene Synthesegas enthält u.a. Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Kohlenstoffdioxid (C02), Stickstoff (N2), Wasser und ggf. Reste von längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen aus den Sondergasen, die nicht reformiert werden konnten. Aus dem erhaltenen Synthesegas wird Dimethylether (DME) erzeugt. Beispielsweise kann Dimethylether durch Destillation aus dem Synthesegas gewonnen werden. Alternativ dazu kann der Dimethylether auch synthetisiert werden. In dem Prozess der Erzeugung von Dimethylether (z.B. unter Verwendung eines Kupfer/Zinkoxid/ Aluminiumoxid- Katalysators) entsteht u.a. Methanol. Die Synthese von Dimethylether kann folglich beispielhaft durch katalytische Umsetzung von Methanol unter Einhaltung entsprechender Randbedingungen (Druck, Temperatur) und anschließende Dehydratisierung ausgeführt werden. Bei der Erzeugung von Dimethylether wird ein DME enthaltendes Reaktionsgemisch erzeugt, das DME weitere Reaktionsprodukte, wie z.B. Methanol und Reste an Synthesegas enthalten kann. Aus dem dimethyletherenthaltenden Reaktionsgemisch wird anschließend Methanol unter Erzeugen eines methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches abgeschieden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass das Methanol die Zündfähigkeit und Verbrennungseigenschaften von DME und damit die Verbrennung von Sondergasen verändert. Ein DME-enthaltendes Reaktionsgemisch, das Methanol enthält und der Verbrennung zugeführt wird, weist in Abhängigkeit des Methanolgehalts reduzierte und schwankende Brenneigenschaften auf, wodurch eine Verbrennung von Sondergas mit konstant hohem Wirkungsgrad verhindert wird. Die Abscheidung von Methanol aus dem Reaktionsgemisch unter Erzeugung von im Wesentlichen methanolfreiem DME ist daher vorteilhaft. Der Restmethanolgehalt in dem methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch soll vorzugsweise 50 Vol.-% nicht übersteigen und liegt weiter vorzugsweise unterhalb von 10 Vol.-%. Das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch kann vor Fertigstellung der Brennstoffzusammensetzung gespeichert werden, beispielsweise in einem Tank oder Vorratsbehältnis. Vorzugsweise können etwaige weitere Reaktionsprodukte vom Reaktionsgemisch abgetrennt werden, um somit möglichst reinen DME zu erhalten. Anschließend wird das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch mit einem zweiten Teil des Sondergases unter Erhalt der Brennstoffzusammensetzung zusammengebracht. Vorzugsweise wird die Brennstoffzusammensetzung sodann sofort zur Erzeugung von Energie verwendet. Das Zusammenbringen kann direkt in einer Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine oder aber in einem separaten Behälter, beispielsweise einem Vorratstank, oder einem einer Brennkammer vorgeschalteten Bereich, erfolgen. In der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Brennstoffzusammensetzung dient der DME aufgrund seiner guten Selbstentzündlichkeit vorzugsweise im Brennvorgang als Zündstrahl, der die Verbrennung von nicht reformiertem Sondergas initiiert und unterhält. Aufgrund der konstanten Zünd- und Brenneigenschaften des aus dem Synthesegas hergestellten, methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches, können unterschiedlich zusammengesetzte Sondergase zuverlässig gezündet werden, was eine hohe Flexibilität in der Sondergasauswahl bietet. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht daher eine einfache und kostengünstige Verwertung von Sondergas jeglicher Art. Sondergas, das üblicherweise als Abfallgas verworfen wird, kann somit nachhaltig weiterverwendet werden, ohne dass aufwendige Aufreinigungen des Gesamtsondergasstroms vorgenommen werden müssen. Accordingly, the object is achieved by a method for producing a fuel composition, which comprises the use of at the same time partial treatment of combustible substances containing special gas. According to the invention, special gas is initially provided which, as mentioned above, contains substances which can be converted in a combustion process. Suitable special gases include exhaust gases and associated gases from the chemical industry and the raw material production (eg from refining), wood gas, convert gas, pyrolysis gas, mine and mine gas, coke gas, landfill gas, biogas, sewage gas, natural gas, flare gas, shale gas, town gas, propane, Butane, associated gases that are produced during steel and iron production (such as: cupola furnace gas, blast furnace gas, etc.), as well as mixtures of the specified gases. Special gases can therefore be of different origin and composition and accordingly have different calorific values. Special gases suitable for the invention may in particular have calorific values of less than 1 kWh / m 3 N to> 30 kWh / m 3 N. The special gas is split into two partial streams. A first part of the special gas is reformed by a reforming process or by combining various processes to synthesis gas. The reforming is carried out as usual under high temperatures and possibly with the supply of air. The resulting synthesis gas contains, inter alia, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), water and optionally residues of longer-chain hydrocarbons from the special gases, which could not be reformed. From the resulting synthesis gas dimethyl ether (DME) is produced. For example, dimethyl ether can be recovered by distillation from the synthesis gas. Alternatively, the dimethyl ether can also be synthesized. In the process of the production of dimethyl ether (eg using a copper / zinc oxide / alumina catalyst), methanol is produced. The synthesis of dimethyl ether can thus be carried out, for example, by catalytic conversion of methanol while maintaining appropriate boundary conditions (pressure, temperature) and subsequent dehydration. In the production of dimethyl ether, a DME-containing reaction mixture is produced which may contain DME further reaction products, such as methanol and residues of synthesis gas. Methanol is then separated from the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture to produce a methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture. It has been found that the methanol alters the ignitability and combustion characteristics of DME and thus the combustion of special gases. A DME-containing reaction mixture, which contains methanol and is supplied to the combustion, depending on the Methanol content reduced and fluctuating combustion properties, whereby a combustion of special gas is prevented with a constant high efficiency. The separation of methanol from the reaction mixture to produce substantially methanol-free DME is therefore advantageous. The residual methanol content in the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture should preferably not exceed 50% by volume and is more preferably below 10% by volume. The methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture can be stored before completion of the fuel composition, for example in a tank or storage container. Preferably, any further reaction products can be separated from the reaction mixture in order to obtain the purest possible DME. Subsequently, the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is combined with a second portion of the special gas to obtain the fuel composition. Preferably, the fuel composition is then used immediately to generate energy. The bringing together can take place directly in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or in a separate container, for example a storage tank, or a region upstream of a combustion chamber. In the fuel composition produced according to the invention, the DME preferably serves in the firing process as a starting jet, which initiates and maintains the combustion of non-reformed special gas due to its good spontaneous ignition. Due to the constant ignition and combustion properties of the produced from the synthesis gas, methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture, differently composed special gases can be reliably ignited, which offers a high degree of flexibility in the special gas selection. The inventive method therefore allows a simple and cost-effective utilization of special gas of any kind. Special gas, which is usually discarded as waste gas, can thus be used sustainably without elaborate purification of the total special gas flow must be made.
Die Unteransprüche beinhalten vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. The dependent claims contain advantageous developments and refinements of the invention.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass aus dem durch Reformieren hergestellten Synthesegas, insbesondere direkt nach dem Reformieren, C02 abgeschieden wird. Hierdurch wird die Zündfähigkeit des Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches verbessert. Weiter vorteilhaft erfolgt das Zusammenbringen des zweiten Teils des Sondergases mit dem methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch in einer Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine. Somit kann der Dimethylether als Zündstrahl bei der Verbrennung des Sondergases eingesetzt und hierzu beispielhaft bei jeder Verdichtung der Brennstoffzusammensetzung zugefügt werden. Weiter vorteilhaft kann, um die Zünd Willigkeit der Brennstoffzusammensetzung zu fördern, der Brennstoffzusammensetzung Synthesegas zugefügt werden. Das Synthesegas kann dabei aus externen Quellen oder aus Synthesegas, das durch Reformieren erhalten wurde, stammen. Vorzugsweise wird das Synthesegas nach der Reformierung und vor der DME-Erzeugung entnommen, da somit eine vollständige Verwertung des Synthesegases und damit die Nachhaltigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gefördert werden. An advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that CO 2 is precipitated from the synthesis gas produced by reforming, in particular directly after the reforming. As a result, the ignitability of the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture is improved. Further advantageously, the bringing together of the second part of the special gas with the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture takes place in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Thus, the dimethyl ether can be used as a priming in the combustion of the special gas and this example be added at each compression of the fuel composition. Further advantageously, to promote ignitability of the fuel composition, synthesis gas may be added to the fuel composition. The synthesis gas can come from external sources or from synthesis gas obtained by reforming. Preferably, the synthesis gas is taken after the reforming and before the DME production, since thus a complete utilization of the synthesis gas and thus the sustainability of the method according to the invention are promoted.
Sofern die Brennstoffzusammensetzung bereits eine hohe Zündwilligkeit oder eine geringe Klopffestigkeit aufweist, kann es vorteilhaft sein Abgas, das durch Verbrennung der Brennstoffzusammensetzung erhalten wird, der Brennstoffzusammensetzung zuzufügen. If the fuel composition already has high ignitability or low knock resistance, it may be advantageous to add exhaust gas obtained by combustion of the fuel composition to the fuel composition.
Durch das vorteilhafte selektive bzw. variable Zufügen von Synthesegas und Abgas zu der Brennstoffzusammensetzung können die Brenneigenschaften der Brennstoffzusammensetzung kontrolliert und vereinheitlicht werden, so dass eine Verbrennung verschiedenster Sondergase ohne Änderung der an der Verbrennung der Sondergase beteiligten Hard- und Softwarekomponenten notwendig ist. By virtue of the advantageous selective or variable addition of synthesis gas and exhaust gas to the fuel composition, the combustion properties of the fuel composition can be controlled and standardized so that combustion of a wide variety of special gases is necessary without changing the hardware and software components involved in the combustion of the special gases.
Ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß wird auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben. Das Verfahren umfasst die Schritte i) Bereitstellen von Sondergas, ii) Reformieren eines ersten Teils des Sondergases unter Erzeugung von Synthesegas, iii) Erzeugen von Dimethylether aus dem Synthesegas unter Herstellung eines Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches, iv) Abscheiden von Methanol aus dem Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisch und Erzeugen eines methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches, v) Zufuhren eines zweiten Teils des Sondergases und des methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches einer Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine und vi) Entzünden des zweiten Teils des Sondergases durch Entflammen des methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches. Die Verfahrensschritte i) bis iv) sind dabei identisch zu den entsprechenden Verfahrensschritten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung. Im Verfahrensschritt iv) erfolgt die eigentliche Verbrennung der Brennstoffzusammensetzung, wobei hierzu Sondergas und methanolreduziertes DME-Gemisch im Verfahrensschritt v) in eine Brennkammer eingespeist und anschließend unter Erzeugung von Druck entzündet und verbrannt werden. Der im methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch enthaltene Dimethylether dient als selbstentzündliche Komponente, vorzugsweise als Zündstrahl, der Entflammung des zweiten Teils des Sondergases. Durch die Entflammung des DME wird anschließend auch das Sondergas entzündet. Aufgrund der konstanten hohen Zündfähigkeit des DME, die durch die Abscheidung von Methanol und damit durch die Verwendung von methanolreduziertem DME-Gemisch erhalten wird, ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die effiziente Bereitstellung von Energie aus unterschiedlichen, brennbare Substanzen enthaltenden, Sondergasen, ohne dass es einer vorangehenden, aufwendigen Aufreinigung oder der spezifischen Anpassung der Brennkraftmaschine an die jeweils zu verwendenden Sondergase bedarf. So können Sondergase mit Heizwerten von weniger als 1 kWh/m 3 bis >30 kWh/m 3 erfindungsgemäß umgesetzt werden. Da Sondergase kostengünstig bzw. kostenlos bezogen werden können, ist auch das erfindungsgemäße Betreiben einer Brerinkrafrmaschine flexibel, kosteneffizient und gleichzeitig, aufgrund der Verwendung von Abfallgas, nachhaltig. Also according to the invention, a method for operating an internal combustion engine is described. The process comprises the steps of i) providing a special gas, ii) reforming a first part of the special gas to produce synthesis gas, iii) producing dimethyl ether from the synthesis gas to produce a dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture, iv) separating methanol from the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture and Producing a methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture, v) supplying a second part of the special gas and the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and vi) igniting the second part of the special gas by igniting the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture. The process steps i) to iv) are identical to the corresponding process steps of the inventive method for producing a fuel composition. In process step iv), the actual combustion of the fuel composition takes place, for which purpose special gas and methanol-reduced DME mixture in process step v) fed into a combustion chamber and then ignited under pressure to generate and burned. The dimethyl ether contained in the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture serves as a self-igniting component, preferably as an ignition jet, the ignition of the second part of the special gas. Due to the ignition of the DME, the special gas is ignited afterwards. Due to the constant high ignitability of the DME, which is obtained by the deposition of methanol and thus by the use of methanol-reduced DME mixture, the inventive method allows the efficient provision of energy from different, combustible substances containing, special gases, without any preceding , consuming purification or the specific adaptation of the internal combustion engine to the particular gases to be used needs. Thus, special gases with calorific values of less than 1 kWh / m 3 to> 30 kWh / m 3 can be implemented according to the invention. Since special gases can be obtained inexpensively or free of charge, the operation of a Brerinkrafrmaschine invention is flexible, cost-effective and at the same time, due to the use of waste gas, sustainable.
Durch den vorteilhaften Schritt des Abscheidens von C02 aus dem durch Reformieren erzeugten Synthesegas, der insbesondere direkt nach dem Reformieren durchgeführt wird, kann die Zündfähigkeit des Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches verbessert werden. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Zündwilligkeit des Sondergases sieht eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens einen Schritt des Einspeisens von Synthesegas in die Brennkammer vor. The advantageous step of separating C0 2 from the synthesis gas produced by reforming, which is carried out in particular directly after the reforming, can improve the ignitability of the dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture. To further improve the ignitability of the special gas, a further development of the method according to the invention provides for a step of feeding synthesis gas into the combustion chamber.
Vorteilhaft wird das Synthesegas vor dem Einspeisen in die Brennkammer mit dem zweiten Teil des Sondergases vermischt. Advantageously, the synthesis gas is mixed before being fed into the combustion chamber with the second part of the special gas.
Zur Reduzierung der Zündwilligkeit des Sondergases kann vorteilhaft ein Einspeisen von Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine in die Brennkammer erfolgen. Durch geeignete, variable Einspeisung von Synthesegas und Abgas in die Brennkammer können die Brenneigenschaften des Sondergases kontrolliert und vereinheitlicht werden, was einer konstanten Verbrennung unterschiedlicher Sondergase zuträglich ist. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Brennkammer eine Vorkammer und eine Hauptkammer umfasst. Vorzugsweise wird das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch in der Vorkammer gezündet und die dabei entstehenden Flammen in die Hauptkammer geleitet, wo eine sehr schnelle Verbrennung des zweiten Teils des Sondergases erfolgen kann. In order to reduce the ignitability of the special gas can advantageously be carried out a feed of exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in the combustion chamber. By suitable, variable feed of synthesis gas and exhaust gas into the combustion chamber, the combustion properties of the special gas can be controlled and standardized, which is conducive to a constant combustion of different special gases. A further advantageous embodiment provides that the combustion chamber comprises an antechamber and a main chamber. Preferably, the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is ignited in the pre-chamber and the resulting flames are conducted into the main chamber, where a very rapid combustion of the second part of the special gas can take place.
Vorteilhaft wird das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch bis zu seiner Verwendung in einem Tank gespeichert. So kann z.B. in dem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine schneller und flexibel auf entsprechende Leistungsnachfragen reagiert werden. Wird mehr Leistung gefordert, wird eine größere Sondergasmenge verwendet und mit einer entsprechend höheren Menge an DME eingespeist und entflammt. Zusätzlich kann einfacher mit transienten Anforderungen sowie Startvorgängen umgegangen werden. Advantageously, the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture is stored in a tank until it is used. Thus, e.g. be responded to in the process for operating an internal combustion engine faster and flexible to corresponding performance demands. If more power is required, a larger amount of special gas is used and fed with a correspondingly higher amount of DME and ignited. In addition, it is easier to deal with transient requirements and startup processes.
Weiter erfindungsgemäß wird auch die Verwendung von Dimethylether als Zündstrahl zum Entzünden von Sondergas, das brennbare Substanzen enthält, in einer Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben, wobei ein Gehalt an Methanol im Dimethylether weniger als 50 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise weniger als 10 Vol.-% beträgt. Der methanolreduzierte, also lediglich geringe Gehalte an Methanol aufweisende DME verfügt über konstante Zünd- und Brenneigenschaften, so dass unterschiedlich zusammengesetzte, brennbare Substanzen enthaltende, Sondergase mit konstanter Brennleistung effizient gezündet werden können. Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus nachfolgender Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigt: Furthermore, according to the invention, the use of dimethyl ether as a priming jet for igniting special gas containing combustible substances is also described in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein a content of methanol in dimethyl ether is less than 50% by volume and preferably less than 10% by volume. is. The methanol-reduced, so only low levels of methanol-containing DME has constant ignition and combustion properties, so that different composition, containing combustible substances, special gases can be ignited with a constant burning efficiency efficiently. Further details, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Veranschaulichung des Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. 1 is a flowchart for illustrating the method for operating an internal combustion engine according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
In Fig. 1 sind nur die wesentlichen Aspekte der vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung dargestellt. Alle übrigen Aspekte sind der Übersichtlichkeit halber weggelassen. In Fig. 1, only the essential aspects of the advantageous embodiment are shown. All other aspects are omitted for clarity.
Fig. 1 zeigt die wesentlichen Einrichtungen eines Systems 100, das zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens geeignet ist. Diese Einrichtungen umfassen eine Brerinkraftmaschine 1, eine Sondergasquelle 2, einen Reformer 3, einen C02- Abscheider 4, eine DME-Erzeugungsvorrichtung 5 und einen Methanolabscheider 6. Zunächst wird aus der Sondergasquelle 2 brennbare Substanzen enthaltendes Sondergas bereitgestellt. Geeignete Sondergase umfassen dabei Abgase und Begleitgase aus der chemischen Industrie und der Rohstofferzeugung (z.B. aus der Raffinierung), Holzgas, Konvertgas, Pyrolysegas, Gruben- und Minengas, Koksgas, Deponiegas, Biogas, Klärgas, Erdgas, Fackelgas, Schiefergas, Stadtgas, Propan, Butan, Begleitgase, die bei der Stahl- und Eisenerzeugung entstehen (wie z.B.: Kupolofengas, Gichtgas, etc.), sowie Mischungen aus den angegebenen Gasen. Das Sondergas wird durch einen Stromteiler 7 geleitet, der das Sondergas in einen ersten Teil und einen zweiten Teil auftrennt. Der erste Teil des Sondergases wird einer Gaswäscheeinheit 8 zugeführt und das gewaschene Sondergas je nach verwendetem Reformierungsverfahren ggf. zusammen mit Luft aus einer Luftbereitstellungseinrichtung 9 in einem Verdichter 10 verdichtet und anschließend dem Reformer 3 zugeführt. Im Reformer 3 wird das Sondergas reformiert und Synthesegas erhalten. Der Reformer 3 kann hierzu durch in der Brennkraftmaschine 1 erzeugten Strom über die Stromleitung 27 versorgt werden. Das erhaltene Synthesegas enthält u.a. Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO), Kohlendioxid (C02), Wasser und Reste von Sondergasbestandteilen, wie insbesondere längerkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe. Aus dem Synthesegas wird im C02-Abscheider 4 C02 abgeschieden und aus dem Synthesegas entfernt. Das restliche Synthesegas wird der DME-Erzeugungsvorrichtung 5 zugeführt, in der aus dem Synthesegas DME erzeugt wird. Die bei der Erzeugung entstehende Dimethylether enthaltende Reaktionsmischung enthält neben restlichem, unumgesetzten Synthesegas, DME, Methanol und C02. Die Dimethylether enthaltende Reaktionsmischung kann durch einen Kondensator 11 geleitet werden, in dem etwaige weitere Reaktionsprodukte vom DME abgetrennt werden können. Anschließend wird im Methanolabscheider 6 Methanol aus der Reaktionsmischung abgeschieden. Optional kann das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch in einer Nachbehandlungseinheit 12 nachbehandelt und beispielhaft auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt und auf ca. 8 bar gebracht werden, um den DME zu verflüssigen. Das methanolreduzierte Dimethylethergemisch, das je nach Aufbereitung auch reiner DME sein kann, kann in einem Tank 13 zwischengespeichert oder sofort einer oder mehreren Brennkammern der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zugeführt werden. Der zweite Teil des Sondergases kann über eine Sondergasleitung 20 ebenfalls einer Gaswäscheeinheit 14 zugeführt und anschließend ggf. in einem Verdichter 15 komprimiert werden. Über eine Mischvorrichtung 16 wird das ggf. gewaschene und komprimierte Sondergas ebenfalls in eine oder mehrere Brennkammern der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eingespeist. In der Brennkammer erfolgt die Verbrennung von Sondergas unter Erzeugung von Druck. Das DME dient hierbei als Zündstrahl für das zu verbrennende Sondergas, genauer gesagt, den zweiten Teil des Sondergases. Mit anderen Worten wird der unter Druck selbstentzündliche DME im methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch entflammt wodurch sich anschließend auch das Sondergas entzündet und verbrennt. Über eine Abgasrückführung 17 kann Abgas aus der Bremikraftmaschine 1 z.B. dem der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zuzuführenden zweiten Teil des Sondergases beigemengt werden, was die Zündwilligkeit des Sondergases reduziert. Hierzu ist eine Mischvorrichtung 18 vorgesehen, in der das Abgas vor dem Einspeisen in die Brennkammer mit dem zweiten Teil des Sondergases vermengt wird. Ebenfalls kann über eine Synthesegasleitung 19 bei der Erzeugung des DME enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches zurückbleibendes Synthesegas, das im Kondensator 11 abgeschieden und ggf. in einem Synthesegasspeicher 28 gespeichert wird, dem zweiten Teil des Sondergases zugeführt und beispielsweise ebenfalls in die Mischvorrichtung 16 eingeleitet werden. Hierdurch kann die Zünd Willigkeit des zweiten Teils des Sondergases erhöht werden. So kann die Zündwilligkeit der Brennstoffzusammensetzung je nach Energiegehalt, Klopfneigung und Zündfähigkeit des verwendeten Sondergases angepasst und kontrolliert werden. In den jeweiligen Leitungen des Systems 100 zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine sind Ventile 21 vorgesehen, die einen Stofftransport ermöglichen oder unterbinden und die durch eine Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 22 gesteuert und geregelt werden. Um die Energieeffizienz des Systems 100 zu verbessern kann vorteilhaft ein Wärmeaustausch zwischen warmen und kalten Bereichen des Systems 100 ausgeführt werden. Der Wärmeaustausch kann über Wärmeleitungen 23 und Wärmetauscher 24 erfolgen. Wo erforderlich können Druckmessstellen 25, Temperaturmessstellen 26, Überdruckventile 29 und Füllstandanzeiger 30 im System 100 vorhanden sein. Durch Einspeisung von Sondergas und methanolreduziertem DME in die Brennkraftmaschine 1 kann auf hoch effiziente Weise mit konstanter Brennleistung und Zündkraft Sondergas beliebiger Zusammensetzung zur Energiebereitstellung in der Brennkraftmaschine 1 eingesetzt werden, ohne dass es einer spezifischen Anpassung der Brennkraftmaschine 1 an das jeweilige zu verwendende Sondergas bedarf. Neben der vorstehenden schriftlichen Beschreibung der Erfindung wird zu deren ergänzender Offenbarung hiermit explizit auf die zeichnerische Darstellung der Erfindung in Fig. 1 Bezug genommen. Fig. 1 shows the essential features of a system 100, which is suitable for operating an internal combustion engine according to an advantageous embodiment of the method. These devices include a Brerinkraftmaschine 1, a special gas source 2, a reformer 3, a C0 2 - separator 4, a DME-generating device 5 and a methanol separator 6. First, from the special gas source 2 combustible substances containing special gas is provided. Suitable special gases include exhaust gases and associated gases from the chemical industry and raw material production (eg from refining), wood gas, convertible gas, pyrolysis gas, mine and mine gas, coke gas, landfill gas, biogas, sewage gas, natural gas, flare gas, shale gas, city gas, propane, butane, associated gases and iron production arise (such as: Kupolofengas, blast furnace gas, etc.), and mixtures of the specified gases. The special gas is passed through a flow divider 7, which separates the special gas into a first part and a second part. The first part of the special gas is fed to a gas scrubber unit 8 and, depending on the reforming process used, the scrubbed special gas is optionally compressed together with air from an air supply device 9 in a compressor 10 and then fed to the reformer 3. In the reformer 3, the special gas is reformed and obtained synthesis gas. For this purpose, the reformer 3 can be supplied by current generated in the internal combustion engine 1 via the power line 27. The resulting synthesis gas contains, inter alia, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), water and residues of special gas constituents, in particular longer-chain hydrocarbons. From the synthesis gas 4 C0 2 is deposited in the C0 2 separator and removed from the synthesis gas. The remaining synthesis gas is supplied to the DME production device 5, in which DME is produced from the synthesis gas. The reaction mixture containing dimethyl ether produced in the production contains, in addition to residual, unreacted synthesis gas, DME, methanol and C0 2 . The dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture can be passed through a condenser 11 in which any further reaction products can be separated from the DME. Subsequently, methanol is separated from the reaction mixture in the methanol separator 6. Optionally, the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture can be post-treated in an aftertreatment unit 12 and, for example, cooled to room temperature and brought to about 8 bar in order to liquefy the DME. The methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture, which may also be pure DME, depending on the preparation, can be temporarily stored in a tank 13 or immediately supplied to one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 1. The second part of the special gas can also be fed via a special gas line 20 to a gas scrubber unit 14 and then optionally compressed in a compressor 15. Via a mixing device 16, the possibly washed and compressed special gas is also fed into one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 1. In the combustion chamber, the combustion of special gas takes place under pressure. The DME serves as a priming jet for the special gas to be burned, more precisely, the second part of the special gas. In other words, the self-igniting DME under pressure is reduced in methanol Dimethyl ether mixture inflames which then ignites the special gas and burns. Exhaust gas from the brake engine 1, for example, can be added to the second part of the special gas to be supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 via an exhaust gas recirculation 17, which reduces the ignitability of the special gas. For this purpose, a mixing device 18 is provided, in which the exhaust gas is mixed with the second part of the special gas before it is fed into the combustion chamber. Likewise, synthesis gas remaining in the condenser 11 and possibly stored in a synthesis gas reservoir 28 via a synthesis gas line 19 during the production of the DME-containing reaction mixture can be fed to the second part of the special gas and, for example, likewise introduced into the mixing device 16. As a result, the ignition willingness of the second part of the special gas can be increased. Thus, the ignitability of the fuel composition depending on the energy content, knock tendency and ignitability of the used special gas can be adjusted and controlled. In the respective lines of the system 100 for operating an internal combustion engine valves 21 are provided which allow or prevent mass transfer and which are controlled and regulated by a control and regulating device 22. To improve the energy efficiency of the system 100, heat exchange between hot and cold areas of the system 100 may be advantageously performed. The heat exchange can take place via heat pipes 23 and heat exchanger 24. Where necessary, pressure measuring points 25, temperature measuring points 26, pressure relief valves 29 and level indicator 30 may be present in the system 100. By feeding of special gas and methanol-reduced DME in the internal combustion engine 1 can be used in a highly efficient manner with constant power and ignition special gas arbitrary composition for energy supply in the internal combustion engine 1, without requiring a specific adaptation of the internal combustion engine 1 to the particular gas to be used. In addition to the above written description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying description of the invention in Fig. 1 hereby explicitly referred to.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung umfassend die Schritte: A method of producing a fuel composition comprising the steps of:
Bereitstellen von brennbare Substanzen enthaltendem Sondergas,  Providing special gas containing combustible substances,
Reformieren eines ersten Teils des Sondergases unter Erzeugung von Synthesegas, - Erzeugen von Dimethylether aus dem Synthesegas unter Herstellung eines Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches,  Reforming a first portion of the special gas to produce synthesis gas, - producing dimethyl ether from the synthesis gas to produce a dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture,
Abscheiden von Methanol aus dem Reaktionsgemisch und Erzeugen eines  Separating methanol from the reaction mixture and generating a
methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches und Methanolreduzierten dimethyl ether and
Zusammenbringen eines zweiten Teils des Sondergases mit dem methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch unter Erhalt der Brennstoffzusammensetzung.  Bringing together a second part of the special gas with the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture to obtain the fuel composition.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Abscheidens von C02 aus dem durch Reformieren erzeugten Synthesegas, insbesondere direkt nach dem 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a step of depositing C0 2 from the synthesis gas generated by reforming, in particular directly after the
Reformieren. Reform.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zusammenbringen des zweiten Teils des Sondergases mit dem methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch in einer Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) ausgeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bringing together of the second part of the special gas with the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (1) is executed.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Zufügens von Synthesegas und/oder Abgas, das durch Verbrennung der 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a step of adding synthesis gas and / or exhaust gas, which by combustion of the
Brennstoffzusammensetzung erhalten wird, zu der Brennstoffzusammensetzung. Fuel composition is obtained, to the fuel composition.
5. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine (1 ) umfassend die Schritte: 5. A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) comprising the steps:
- Bereitstellen von brennbare Substanzen enthaltendem Sondergas, Providing special gases containing combustible substances,
Reformieren eines ersten Teils des Sondergases unter Erzeugung von Synthesegas, Erzeugen von Dimethylether aus dem Synthesegas unter Herstellung eines Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches,  Reforming a first portion of the special gas to produce synthesis gas, producing dimethyl ether from the synthesis gas to produce a dimethyl ether-containing reaction mixture,
Abscheiden von Methanol aus dem Reaktionsgemisch und Erzeugen eines  Separating methanol from the reaction mixture and generating a
methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches, methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture,
Zuführen eines zweiten Teils des Sondergases und des methanolreduzierten  Feeding a second part of the special gas and the methanol reduced
Dimethylethergemisches einer Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine (1), und Entzünden des zweiten Teils des Sondergases durch Entflammen des methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches. Dimethylethergemisches a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (1), and Igniting the second part of the special gas by igniting the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Abscheidens von C02 aus dem durch Reformieren erzeugten Synthesegas, insbesondere direkt nach dem 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized by a step of depositing C0 2 from the synthesis gas generated by reforming, in particular directly after the
Reformieren. Reform.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Einspeisens von Synthesegas in die Brennkammer. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by a step of feeding synthesis gas into the combustion chamber.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Synthesegas vor dem Einspeisen in die Brennkammer mit dem zweiten Teil des Sondergases vermischt wird. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the synthesis gas is mixed before being fed into the combustion chamber with the second part of the special gas.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Einspeisens von Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine (1 ) in die Brennkammer. 9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized by a step of feeding exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (1) into the combustion chamber.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 10. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the
Brennkammer eine Vorkammer und eine Hauptkammer umfasst. Combustion chamber includes an antechamber and a main chamber.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt des Speicherns des methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches in einem Tank (13). 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a step of storing the methanol-reduced dimethyl ether mixture in a tank (13).
12. Verwendung von Dimethylether als Zündstrahl zum Entzünden von brennbare Substanzen enthaltendem Sondergas in einer Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine (1), wobei ein Gehalt an Methanol im Dimethylether weniger als 50 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise weniger als 10 Vol.-% beträgt. 12. Use of dimethyl ether as a priming jet for igniting combustible substances containing special gas in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (1), wherein a content of methanol in the dimethyl ether less than 50 vol .-% and preferably less than 10 vol .-%.
EP16747445.1A 2015-08-20 2016-07-27 Method for producing a fuel composition and for operating an internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP3337878A1 (en)

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