EP3336428B1 - Low nox burner - Google Patents

Low nox burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3336428B1
EP3336428B1 EP16306694.7A EP16306694A EP3336428B1 EP 3336428 B1 EP3336428 B1 EP 3336428B1 EP 16306694 A EP16306694 A EP 16306694A EP 3336428 B1 EP3336428 B1 EP 3336428B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
primary
circuit
air
flame
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16306694.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3336428A1 (en
Inventor
Douglas Allen CLAUS
David Steven HAUSEN
Pascal LAROCHE
Eric PODEUR
Louis Ricci
Fouad SAID
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives Pillard SA
Fives ITAS SpA
Fives North American Combustion Inc
Original Assignee
Fives Pillard SA
Fives ITAS SpA
Fives North American Combustion Inc
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Priority to EP16306694.7A priority Critical patent/EP3336428B1/en
Publication of EP3336428A1 publication Critical patent/EP3336428A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/02—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in air inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/21—Burners specially adapted for a particular use
    • F23D2900/21001—Burners specially adapted for a particular use for use in blast furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner fitted to furnaces in the refining, chemical and petrochemical industries, these burners are also called “process burner” and its implementation.
  • the document US 4865542 describes a burner having the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a forced draft low-NOx burner operating on gas, which can be mounted on the floor, on the front or on the ceiling on industrial ovens.
  • Controlling radiative and convective flows is essential to ensure product reheating and process chemical reactions inside the tubes, if necessary, while ensuring their mechanical integrity.
  • the burner according to the invention comprising a distribution body with a primary air injection circuit and a secondary air injection circuit consisting of nozzles, said injection circuits are arranged around a primary central circuit intended to create an axial flame, a head of combustion composed of a device for rotating the air and a device for stabilizing the flame arranged inside the primary injection circuit, and a gas injection rod directed along an axis of the burner and arranged inside the primary central circuit.
  • the primary and secondary air injection circuits are directed towards the burner axis. The inclination of the air injection circuits allows better control of the flame, both in combustion and in size.
  • the secondary air injection circuit has two walls forming an angle ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of between 10 ° and 60 ° respectively with the axis of the burner.
  • the two angles can be identical or different, in this case it will be preferable that the walls converge. This inclination is made on the downstream part of the circuit, that is to say the part closest to the flame, the rest of the circuit possibly being parallel to the axis of the burner.
  • the primary air injection circuit has a wall forming an angle ⁇ 1 of between 10 ° and 60 ° with the axis of the burner.
  • the wall is inclined in the downstream part of the burner, there is thus a conical shape converging towards the flame and which allows the acceleration of the primary air at the outlet of the burner.
  • the primary air circuit is distant by r 1 from the axis of the burner, the secondary air circuit from r 2 and that the ratio r 1 / r 2 is between 0.1 and 0.5.
  • the number of secondary air nozzles is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the effect of convergence of the air flows is thus better.
  • the distribution body has a protuberance on the flame side and forming an angle ⁇ 2 of between ⁇ 1/2 and 60 ° with the axis of the burner.
  • This protuberance which protrudes into the hearth makes it possible to initiate a phenomenon of internal recirculation of the fumes having the effect of depleting the secondary zone in O 2 and reducing the flame temperature.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 of the protuberance forms an overrun cone which makes it possible to increase the quantity of recycled fumes.
  • the protuberance has a length d 2 greater than or equal to r 1 x 0.1.
  • the combustion head comprises a member for rotating the air and a member for stabilizing the flame and it is placed at a non-zero distance d 1 from the end of the burner on the flame side. .
  • This positioning of the combustion head allows combustion in substoichiometry of the gas fuel which promotes the formation of hydrocarbon radicals and minimizes the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen while thus reducing the local flame temperature.
  • This configuration of the combustion head and of the gas nozzle makes it possible to ensure a necessary and sufficient attachment of the flame to guarantee the general stability of the burner, while controlling the formation of NOx.
  • This primary area is a low NOx production area.
  • the wall of the primary air injection circuit is inclined from a distance d 3 from the end of the burner on the flame side such that d 3 is less than or equal to d 1 . This allows the convergence of the primary air flows.
  • the invention also relates to the implementation of a burner with at least one of the preceding characteristics, this implementation is characterized in that the burner has a primary air flow rate Qp ⁇ 50% of a total flow rate of air.
  • the burner comprises a primary zone inside the distribution body in which the combustion is sub-stoichiometric of the fuel. This promotes the formation of hydrocarbon radicals by minimizing the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen and thus reduces the local flame temperature.
  • the combustion is carried out in the primary zone with an air fuel ratio ⁇ ⁇ 0.5.
  • the X axis of the burner and the axis of the flame are the same.
  • the air flow direction is in the direction of the arrow f on the figure 3 , the inlet is thus considered to be placed on the side opposite to the outlet where the burner flame will form.
  • the burner 1 comprises an air distribution body 2, a combustion head 3 and a gas injection rod 4.
  • the combustion head 3 is arranged on the gas injection rod 4, the assembly being placed inside the air distribution body 2 (cf. figure 1 ).
  • the air distribution body 2 shown figure 3 is crossed by a main duct constituting a primary central circuit 20 and several secondary ducts 21 (here 4) constituting the secondary air injection circuit.
  • the primary duct 20 is cylindrical, with a flared wall 200 on the inlet side and a conically shaped wall 201 converging at the outlet which reduces the section of the primary duct 20.
  • Each secondary duct 21 has a flared wall 210 at the inlet and inclined walls 211 at the outlet.
  • the walls 211 can be parallel or convergent.
  • the air distribution body 2 has a protuberance 22 on the outlet side which will protrude inside the oven 5.
  • This protuberance 22, also called convergent, is a volume between two cones and its face.
  • interior 220 is in the extension of the conically shaped wall 201, of angle ⁇ 1 ; its outer face 221 is converging conical angle ⁇ 2 , its end 222 is placed inside the oven 5.
  • the combustion head 3, shown figure 5 is composed of an air rotation member 30 and a flame stabilization member 31 6.
  • the device for rotating the air 30, also called a “rosette”, is placed inside the primary central circuit 20, at a defined distance d 1 , from the end 222 of the convergent (see Figure 1 ).
  • the rosette 30 has an own outside diameter ⁇ 1 , defined in relation to the diameter of the primary circuit 20 before the conically shaped wall 201, so as to ensure a defined axial / radial air distribution.
  • the rosette 30 is composed of a number Np 1 of blades 300, these blades 300 constituting the air rotation member 30 and arranged at an angle Y 1 with respect to the axis X of the burner.
  • the stabilization member 31 of the flame 6 is composed of an annular disc 310 of external diameter ⁇ 2 and a number Np 2 of fastening elements 311 arranged around the disc in a position defined in the rosette 30. These hooking elements are arranged at the periphery of the annular disc 310 and is in the form of flat surfaces coplanar with the disc 310.
  • the annular disc 310 includes an orifice 32 allowing the detection of the flame 6 from the outside.
  • the gas combustion injection rod 4 ( Figure 6 ) comprises at its end a nozzle 40 composed of a main bore 41 and a secondary bore 42.
  • the main hole 41 makes it possible to pass the main gas flow rate 50% ⁇ Q GP ⁇ 100% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the main gas is ejected via a number N GP of main holes 410 and at an angle ⁇ 1 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner.
  • the secondary bore 42 makes it possible to pass the secondary gas flow rate 50% ⁇ Q GS ⁇ 2% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.
  • the secondary gas is ejected via a number N GS of secondary holes 420et at an angle ⁇ 2 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner.
  • the burner 1 thus comprises a primary air circuit Ap arranged in the primary circuit 20 around the injection nozzle 4 and a secondary air circuit As circulating in the secondary ducts 21.
  • the primary zone P corresponds to the combustion in substoichiometry ( ⁇ 0.50) of the gas fuel inside the primary circuit, minimizing the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen and promoting the formation of hydrocarbon radicals. This combustion in substoichiometry thus makes it possible to reduce the formation of NOx.
  • This primary zone P is a zone with low NOx production.
  • the secondary zone S corresponds to the gradual introduction of combustion air in order to control the formation of NOx and unburnt materials.
  • the progressive angular injection of secondary combustion air makes it possible to control the dimensions of the flame.
  • the tertiary zone T corresponds to the internal flue gas recirculation zone
  • the protuberance 22 protruding from the burner 1 in the hearth of the furnace 5 makes it possible to amplify a phenomenon of internal recirculation of the fumes 50 having the effect of depleting the secondary zone S in O 2 and of reducing the temperature. flame 6.
  • the external angle ⁇ 2 of the cone of the protuberance 22 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner ( Figure 2 ) and between ⁇ 1/2 and 60 ° makes it possible to increase the quantity of recycled fumes.
  • This tertiary zone makes it possible to maintain a low general level of NOx.
  • the protrusion of the convergent in the focus d 2 and the diameter of the primary convergent are such that d 2 ⁇ r 1 x 0.1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un brûleur équipant les fours dans l'industrie du raffinage, de la chimie et de la pétrochimie, ces brûleurs sont aussi appelés « brûleur procédé »et sa mise en œuvre.The present invention relates to a burner fitted to furnaces in the refining, chemical and petrochemical industries, these burners are also called “process burner” and its implementation.

Chacune de ces industries possèdent ses spécificités, cependant ces brûleurs ont généralement les caractéristiques communes suivantes :

  • Une puissance limitée de 0,3 à 4,5 MWth,
  • Une perte de charge totale de 0 à 200 mmCE,
  • Un excès d'air de 10 à 15%,
  • Une construction compacte avec présence d'un ouvreau réfractai re.
Each of these industries has its specificities, however these burners generally have the following common characteristics:
  • A limited power of 0.3 to 4.5 MWth,
  • A total pressure drop of 0 to 200 mmCE,
  • 10 to 15% excess air,
  • A compact construction with the presence of a refractory quill.

Ces brûleurs sont classifiés suivant différents critères :

  • La force motrice de l'air de combustion (tirage naturel, tirage forcé...),
  • L'implantation sur le four (en sole, en façade, en plafond...),
  • Le choix du combustible (gaz, fioul, mixte...),
  • Le niveau d'émissions des oxydes d'azote ou NOx (conventionnel, bas-NOx, Ultra bas-NOx...),
  • La technologie utilisée pour réduire les NOx (étagement gaz, étagement air, recirculation interne des fumées...),
  • La forme de flamme (ronde, plate...).
These burners are classified according to different criteria:
  • The driving force of the combustion air (natural draft, forced draft, etc.),
  • Installation on the oven (on the floor, on the front, on the ceiling, etc.),
  • The choice of fuel (gas, fuel oil, mixed ...),
  • The level of emissions of nitrogen oxides or NOx (conventional, low-NOx, Ultra low-NOx ...),
  • The technology used to reduce NOx (gas staging, air staging, internal flue gas recirculation, etc.),
  • The flame shape (round, flat ...).

Le document US 4865542 décrit un brûleur ayant les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1. La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un brûleur bas-NOx à tirage forcé fonctionnant au gaz, pouvant se monter en sole, en façade ou en plafond sur les fours industriels.The document US 4865542 describes a burner having the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1. The present invention relates more particularly to a forced draft low-NOx burner operating on gas, which can be mounted on the floor, on the front or on the ceiling on industrial ovens.

Il existe plusieurs formes pour les fours de procédés, cependant les tubes qui constituent la chambre de combustion sont traversés par un fluide qui reçoit de la chaleur, par transferts radiatifs et convectifs, apportée par les gaz de combustion des brûleurs.There are several forms for process furnaces, however the tubes which constitute the combustion chamber are crossed by a fluid which receives heat, by radiative and convective transfers, provided by the combustion gases from the burners.

La maîtrise des flux radiatifs et convectifs est capitale pour assurer le réchauffage du produit et les réactions chimiques du procédé à l'intérieur des tubes le cas échéant, tout en garantissant leur intégrité mécanique.Controlling radiative and convective flows is essential to ensure product reheating and process chemical reactions inside the tubes, if necessary, while ensuring their mechanical integrity.

L'évolution de la réglementation des NOx dans l'industrie oblige les fabricants de brûleurs à développer des solutions bas-NOx tout en respectant les contraintes de production.The evolution of NOx regulations in the industry is forcing burner manufacturers to develop low-NOx solutions while respecting production constraints.

Les brûleurs bas-NOx capables de répondre à cette problématique sont généralement caractérisés par :

  • un diamètre d'implantation important (taille du brûleur),
  • une flamme de diamètre et de longueur importante,
  • une perte de charge importante pour maîtriser les dimensions de flamme.
The low-NOx burners capable of responding to this problem are generally characterized by:
  • a large implantation diameter (burner size),
  • a flame of large diameter and length,
  • a significant pressure drop to control the flame dimensions.

Ce qui a pour inconvénient :

  • une difficulté d'implanter les brûleurs sur les fours,
  • une difficulté de maîtriser le profil de température dans le four,
  • un risque de dégradation mécanique de tubes.
What has the disadvantage:
  • difficulty installing the burners on the ovens,
  • difficulty in controlling the temperature profile in the oven,
  • a risk of mechanical degradation of tubes.

L'objet de l'invention est de proposer un « brûleur procédé » compact et qui permet de combiner les technologies d'étagement de l'air et de recirculation interne et de garantir :

  • un faible niveau d'émissions de NOx,
  • l'absence d'émission de CO,
  • un excès d'air de 10%,
  • un faible diamètre de flamme,
  • une longueur de flamme maîtrisée,
  • une perte de charge maîtrisée.
The object of the invention is to provide a compact “process burner” which makes it possible to combine the technologies of air staging and internal recirculation and to guarantee:
  • a low level of NOx emissions,
  • the absence of CO emissions,
  • 10% excess air,
  • a small flame diameter,
  • a controlled flame length,
  • controlled pressure drop.

Le brûleur selon l'invention, comprenant un corps de distribution avec un circuit d'injection d'air primaire et un circuit d'injection d'air secondaire constitué de buses, lesdits circuits d'injection sont disposés autour d'un circuit central primaire destiné à créer une flamme axiale, une tête de combustion composé d'un organe de mise en rotation de l'air et un organe de stabilisation de la flamme disposés à l'intérieur du circuit d'injection primaire, et une canne d'injection de gaz dirigée selon un axe du bruleur et disposée à l'intérieur du circuit central primaire. Les circuits d'injection d'air primaire et secondaire sont dirigés vers l'axe du brûleur. L'inclinaison des circuits d'injection d'air permet un meilleur contrôle de la flamme, à la fois en combustion et en dimension.The burner according to the invention, comprising a distribution body with a primary air injection circuit and a secondary air injection circuit consisting of nozzles, said injection circuits are arranged around a primary central circuit intended to create an axial flame, a head of combustion composed of a device for rotating the air and a device for stabilizing the flame arranged inside the primary injection circuit, and a gas injection rod directed along an axis of the burner and arranged inside the primary central circuit. The primary and secondary air injection circuits are directed towards the burner axis. The inclination of the air injection circuits allows better control of the flame, both in combustion and in size.

Avantageusement, le circuit d'injection d'air secondaire présente deux parois faisant respectivement un angle β1 et β2 compris entre 10° et 60° avec l'axe du brûleur. Les deux angles peuvent être identiques ou différents, dans ce cas on préférera que les parois convergent. Cette inclinaison est réalisée sur la partie aval du circuit, c'est-à-dire la partie la plus proche de la flamme, le reste du circuit pouvant être parallèle à l'axe du brûleur.Advantageously, the secondary air injection circuit has two walls forming an angle β 1 and β 2 of between 10 ° and 60 ° respectively with the axis of the burner. The two angles can be identical or different, in this case it will be preferable that the walls converge. This inclination is made on the downstream part of the circuit, that is to say the part closest to the flame, the rest of the circuit possibly being parallel to the axis of the burner.

Avantageusement, le circuit d'injection d'air primaire présente une paroi faisant un angle α1 compris entre 10° et 60° avec l'axe du brûleur. La paroi est inclinée en partie aval du brûleur, on a ainsi une forme conique convergeant vers la flamme et qui permet l'accélération de l'air primaire à la sortie du brûleur.Advantageously, the primary air injection circuit has a wall forming an angle α 1 of between 10 ° and 60 ° with the axis of the burner. The wall is inclined in the downstream part of the burner, there is thus a conical shape converging towards the flame and which allows the acceleration of the primary air at the outlet of the burner.

Avantageusement, le circuit d'air primaire est distant de r1 de l'axe du bruleur, le circuit d'air secondaire de r2 et que le rapport r1/r2 est compris entre 0,1 et 0,5.Advantageously, the primary air circuit is distant by r 1 from the axis of the burner, the secondary air circuit from r 2 and that the ratio r 1 / r 2 is between 0.1 and 0.5.

Avantageusement, le nombre de buses d'air secondaire est supérieur ou égal à 2. L'effet de convergence des flux d'air est ainsi meilleur.Advantageously, the number of secondary air nozzles is greater than or equal to 2. The effect of convergence of the air flows is thus better.

Avantageusement, le corps de distribution présente une excroissance du côté de la flamme et faisant un angle α2 compris entre α1/2 et 60° avec l'axe du brûleur. Cette excroissance qui dépasse dans le foyer permet d'amorcer un phénomène de recirculation interne des fumées ayant pour effet d'appauvrir en O2 la zone secondaire et de réduire la température de flamme. L'angle α2 de l'excroissance forme un cône de dépassement qui permet d'augmenter la quantité de fumées recyclées.Advantageously, the distribution body has a protuberance on the flame side and forming an angle α 2 of between α 1/2 and 60 ° with the axis of the burner. This protuberance which protrudes into the hearth makes it possible to initiate a phenomenon of internal recirculation of the fumes having the effect of depleting the secondary zone in O 2 and reducing the flame temperature. The angle α 2 of the protuberance forms an overrun cone which makes it possible to increase the quantity of recycled fumes.

Avantageusement, l'excroissance a une longueur d2 supérieure ou égal à r1 x 0,1. Cette excroissance permet de maintenir un faible niveau général de NOx. Selon l'invention, la tête de combustion comprend un organe de mise en rotation de l'air et un organe de stabilisation de la flamme et elle est placée à une distance d1 non nulle de l'extrémité du brûleur du côté de la flamme. Ce positionnement de la tête de combustion permet une combustion en sous-stœchiométrie du combustible gaz qui favorise la formation de radicaux d'hydrocarbures et minimise la concentration d'azote et d'oxygène tout en réduisant ainsi la température de flamme locale. Cette configuration de la tête de combustion et de la buse gaz permet d'assurer un accrochage nécessaire et suffisant de la flamme pour garantir la stabilité générale du brûleur, tout en maîtrisant la formation de NOx. Cette zone primaire est une zone à faible production de NOx.Advantageously, the protuberance has a length d 2 greater than or equal to r 1 x 0.1. This growth makes it possible to maintain a low general level of NOx. According to the invention, the combustion head comprises a member for rotating the air and a member for stabilizing the flame and it is placed at a non-zero distance d 1 from the end of the burner on the flame side. . This positioning of the combustion head allows combustion in substoichiometry of the gas fuel which promotes the formation of hydrocarbon radicals and minimizes the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen while thus reducing the local flame temperature. This configuration of the combustion head and of the gas nozzle makes it possible to ensure a necessary and sufficient attachment of the flame to guarantee the general stability of the burner, while controlling the formation of NOx. This primary area is a low NOx production area.

Avantageusement, la paroi du circuit d'injection d'air primaire est inclinée à partir d'une distance d3 de l'extrémité du brûleur du côté de la flamme telle que d3 est inférieure ou égale à d1. Ceci permet la convergence des flux d'air primaire.Advantageously, the wall of the primary air injection circuit is inclined from a distance d 3 from the end of the burner on the flame side such that d 3 is less than or equal to d 1 . This allows the convergence of the primary air flows.

L'invention concerne également la mise en œuvre d'un brûleur avec au moins une des caractéristiques précédentes, cette mise en œuvre est caractérisée en ce que le brûleur a un débit d'air primaire Qp ≤ 50% d'un débit total d'air.The invention also relates to the implementation of a burner with at least one of the preceding characteristics, this implementation is characterized in that the burner has a primary air flow rate Qp ≤ 50% of a total flow rate of air.

Avantageusement, le brûleur comprend une zone primaire à l'intérieur du corps de distribution dans laquelle la combustion est sous stœchiométrique du combustible. Ceci favorise la formation de radicaux d'hydrocarbures en minimisant la concentration d'azote et d'oxygène et réduit ainsi la température de flamme locale.Advantageously, the burner comprises a primary zone inside the distribution body in which the combustion is sub-stoichiometric of the fuel. This promotes the formation of hydrocarbon radicals by minimizing the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen and thus reduces the local flame temperature.

Avantageusement, la combustion est réalisée dans la zone primaire avec un rapport air carburant λ ≤ 0,5.Advantageously, the combustion is carried out in the primary zone with an air fuel ratio λ ≤ 0.5.

D'autres avantages pourront encore apparaître à l'homme du métier à la lecture des exemples ci-dessous, illustrés par les figures annexées, donnés à titre d'exemple :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un bruleur selon l'invention,
  • La figure 2 est un détail en coupe du bruleur de la figure 1,
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple d'un corps de distribution d'air,
  • La figure 4 est une vue d'un exemple de corps de distribution, comportant quatre buses,
  • La figure 5 est une vue d'une tête de combustion,
  • La figure 6 est une vue d'une canne d'injection de gaz.
  • La figure 7 est une vue d'un exemple de buse gaz.
Other advantages will appear to those skilled in the art on reading the examples below, illustrated by the appended figures, given by way of example:
  • The figure 1 is a sectional view of a burner according to the invention,
  • The figure 2 is a sectional detail of the burner of the figure 1 ,
  • The figure 3 is a perspective view of an example of an air distribution body,
  • The figure 4 is a view of an example of a distribution body, comprising four nozzles,
  • The figure 5 is a view of a combustion head,
  • The figure 6 is a view of a gas injection rod.
  • The figure 7 is a view of an example of a gas nozzle.

Pour la présente description, l'axe X du bruleur et l'axe de la flamme sont confondus. Le sens d'écoulement de l'air se fait dans le sens de la flèche f de la figure 3, l'entrée est ainsi considérée comme placée du côté opposé à la sortie où va se former la flamme du brûleur.For the present description, the X axis of the burner and the axis of the flame are the same. The air flow direction is in the direction of the arrow f on the figure 3 , the inlet is thus considered to be placed on the side opposite to the outlet where the burner flame will form.

Le brûleur 1 comprend un corps de distribution d'air 2, une tête de combustion 3 et une canne d'injection du gaz 4. La tête de combustion 3 est disposée sur la canne d'injection de gaz 4, l'ensemble étant placé à l'intérieur du corps de distribution d'air 2 (cf. figure 1).The burner 1 comprises an air distribution body 2, a combustion head 3 and a gas injection rod 4. The combustion head 3 is arranged on the gas injection rod 4, the assembly being placed inside the air distribution body 2 (cf. figure 1 ).

Le corps de distribution d'air 2 illustré figure 3, est traversé par un conduit principal constituant un circuit central primaire 20 et plusieurs conduits secondaires 21 (ici 4) constituant le circuit d'injection d'air secondaire. Le conduit primaire 20 est cylindrique, avec une paroi évasée 200 du côté de l'entrée et une paroi de forme conique 201 convergente en sortie ce qui réduit la section du conduit primaire 20. Chaque conduit secondaire 21 a une paroi évasée 210 en entrée et des parois inclinées 211 en sortie. Les parois 211 peuvent être parallèles ou convergentes.The air distribution body 2 shown figure 3 , is crossed by a main duct constituting a primary central circuit 20 and several secondary ducts 21 (here 4) constituting the secondary air injection circuit. The primary duct 20 is cylindrical, with a flared wall 200 on the inlet side and a conically shaped wall 201 converging at the outlet which reduces the section of the primary duct 20. Each secondary duct 21 has a flared wall 210 at the inlet and inclined walls 211 at the outlet. The walls 211 can be parallel or convergent.

Le corps de distribution d'air 2 présente une excroissance 22 côté sortie qui va dépasser à l'intérieur du four 5. Cette excroissance 22, aussi appelée convergent, est un volume compris entre deux cônes et sa face intérieur 220 est dans le prolongement de la paroi de forme conique 201, d'angle α1; sa face extérieure 221 est conique convergente d'angle α2, son extrémité 222 est placé à l'intérieur du four 5.The air distribution body 2 has a protuberance 22 on the outlet side which will protrude inside the oven 5. This protuberance 22, also called convergent, is a volume between two cones and its face. interior 220 is in the extension of the conically shaped wall 201, of angle α 1 ; its outer face 221 is converging conical angle α 2 , its end 222 is placed inside the oven 5.

La tête de combustion 3, illustrée figure 5, est composée d'un organe de mise en rotation de l'air 30 et d'un organe de stabilisation 31 de la flamme 6.The combustion head 3, shown figure 5 , is composed of an air rotation member 30 and a flame stabilization member 31 6.

L'organe de mise en rotation de l'air 30, aussi appelé « rosace », est disposé à l'intérieur du circuit central primaire 20, à une distance d1 définie, de l'extrémité 222 du convergent (voir Figure 1). La rosace 30 a un diamètre extérieur φ1 propre, défini en rapport avec le diamètre du circuit primaire 20 avant la paroi de forme conique 201, de manière à assurer une répartition d'air axial/radial définie. La rosace 30 est composée d'un nombre Np1 de pales 300, ces pales 300 constituant l'organe de mise en rotation d'air 30 et disposés suivant un angle Y1 par rapport à l'axe X du bruleur.The device for rotating the air 30, also called a “rosette”, is placed inside the primary central circuit 20, at a defined distance d 1 , from the end 222 of the convergent (see Figure 1 ). The rosette 30 has an own outside diameter φ 1 , defined in relation to the diameter of the primary circuit 20 before the conically shaped wall 201, so as to ensure a defined axial / radial air distribution. The rosette 30 is composed of a number Np 1 of blades 300, these blades 300 constituting the air rotation member 30 and arranged at an angle Y 1 with respect to the axis X of the burner.

L'organe de stabilisation 31 de la flamme 6 est composé d'un disque annulaire 310 de diamètre extérieur φ2 et d'un nombre Np2 d'éléments d'accrochage 311 disposés autour du disque suivant une position définie dans la rosace 30. Ces éléments d'accrochage sont disposés à la périphérie du disque annulaire 310 et se présente sous la forme de surfaces planes coplanaires avec le disque 310. Le disque annulaire 310 comprend un orifice 32 permettant la détection de la flamme 6 depuis l'extérieur.The stabilization member 31 of the flame 6 is composed of an annular disc 310 of external diameter φ 2 and a number Np 2 of fastening elements 311 arranged around the disc in a position defined in the rosette 30. These hooking elements are arranged at the periphery of the annular disc 310 and is in the form of flat surfaces coplanar with the disc 310. The annular disc 310 includes an orifice 32 allowing the detection of the flame 6 from the outside.

Il existe une relation géométrique entre le diamètre extérieur φ1 de la rosace 30 et le diamètre extérieur φ2 du disque 310 telle que φ1 / φ2 ≤ 1 et une relation entre nombre Np1 de pales 300 de la rosace et le nombre Np2 d'éléments d'accrochage 311 de la rondelle 30 telle que Np1 / Np2 = N où N est un nombre entier.There is a geometric relationship between the outside diameter φ 1 of the rose 30 and the outside diameter φ 2 of the disc 310 such that φ 1 / φ 2 ≤ 1 and a relationship between the number Np 1 of blades 300 of the rose window and the number Np 2 of fastening elements 311 of the washer 30 such that Np 1 / Np 2 = N where N is an integer.

La canne d'injection 4 de combustion gaz (Figure 6) comprend à son extrémité une buse 40 composée d'un perçage principal 41 et d'un perçage secondaire 42.The gas combustion injection rod 4 ( Figure 6 ) comprises at its end a nozzle 40 composed of a main bore 41 and a secondary bore 42.

Le perçage principal 41 permet de faire passer le débit gaz principal 50% < QGP < 100% du débit gaz total du brûleur.The main hole 41 makes it possible to pass the main gas flow rate 50% <Q GP <100% of the total gas flow rate of the burner.

Comme on peut le voir sur l'exemple de la figure 7, le gaz principal est éjecté par l'intermédiaire d'un nombre NGP de trous principaux 410 et suivant un angle θ1 défini par rapport à l'axe X du brûleur.As can be seen from the example of the figure 7 , the main gas is ejected via a number N GP of main holes 410 and at an angle θ 1 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner.

Le perçage secondaire 42 permet de faire passer le débit gaz secondaire 50% ≥ QGS ≥ 2% du débit gaz total du brûleur. Le gaz secondaire est éjecté par l'intermédiaire d'un nombre NGS de trous secondaires 420et suivant un angle θ2 défini par rapport à l'axe X du brûleur.The secondary bore 42 makes it possible to pass the secondary gas flow rate 50% ≥ Q GS ≥ 2% of the total gas flow rate of the burner. The secondary gas is ejected via a number N GS of secondary holes 420et at an angle θ 2 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner.

Le nombre de trous gaz secondaire NGS et le nombre d'éléments d'accrochage 311 de la rondelle de balayage Np2 sont tels que NGS / Np2 = N où N est un nombre entier, ainsi une partie du gaz secondaire est dirigée vers les éléments d'accrochage 311.The number of secondary gas holes N GS and the number of hooking elements 311 of the scavenging washer Np 2 are such that N GS / Np 2 = N where N is an integer, so part of the secondary gas is directed to the fastening elements 311.

Le brûleur 1 comprend ainsi un circuit d'air primaire Ap disposé dans le circuit primaire 20 autour de la canne d'injection 4 et un circuit d'air secondaire As circulant dans les conduits secondaires 21.The burner 1 thus comprises a primary air circuit Ap arranged in the primary circuit 20 around the injection nozzle 4 and a secondary air circuit As circulating in the secondary ducts 21.

Nous allons maintenant décrire le fonctionnement du brûleur 1 en référence à la figure 1.We will now describe the operation of burner 1 with reference to figure 1 .

On identifie trois zones :

  • une zone primaire P placée à l'intérieur du brûleur 1 entre la paroi de forme conique 201 et l'extrémité de la canne d'injection 4,
  • une zone secondaire S situé dans le four 5 et,
  • une zone tertiaire T située dans le four 5 à la sortie immédiate du brûleur 1.
We identify three areas:
  • a primary zone P placed inside the burner 1 between the conical wall 201 and the end of the injection nozzle 4,
  • a secondary zone S located in oven 5 and,
  • a tertiary zone T located in furnace 5 immediately out of burner 1.

La zone primaire P correspond à la combustion en sous-stœchiométrie (λ≤0,50) du combustible gaz à l'intérieur du circuit primaire minimisant la concentration d'azote et d'oxygène et favorisant la formation de radicaux d'hydrocarbures. Cette combustion en sous-stœchiométrie permet ainsi de réduire la formation de NOx.The primary zone P corresponds to the combustion in substoichiometry (λ≤0.50) of the gas fuel inside the primary circuit, minimizing the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen and promoting the formation of hydrocarbon radicals. This combustion in substoichiometry thus makes it possible to reduce the formation of NOx.

La forme de la tête de combustion 3 et la forme de la buse 40 ainsi que leur position, permet d'assurer un accrochage nécessaire et suffisant de la flamme 6 pour garantir la stabilité générale du brûleur 1, tout en maîtrisant la formation de NOx. Cette zone primaire P est une zone à faible production de NOx.The shape of the combustion head 3 and the shape of the nozzle 40 as well as their position, make it possible to ensure a necessary and sufficient attachment of the flame 6 to guarantee the general stability of the burner 1, while controlling the formation of NOx. This primary zone P is a zone with low NOx production.

La zone secondaire S correspond à l'introduction progressive d'air de combustion afin de maîtriser la formation de NOx et d'imbrûlés. L'injection progressive angulaire d'air secondaire de combustion permet de maîtriser les dimensions de la flamme.The secondary zone S corresponds to the gradual introduction of combustion air in order to control the formation of NOx and unburnt materials. The progressive angular injection of secondary combustion air makes it possible to control the dimensions of the flame.

La zone tertiaire T correspond à la zone de recirculation interne de fumées
Dans la zone tertiaire T, l'excroissance 22 dépassant du brûleur 1 dans le foyer du four 5 permet d'amplifier un phénomène de recirculation interne des fumées 50 ayant pour effet d'appauvrir en O2 la zone secondaire S et de réduire la température de flamme 6. L'angle extérieur α2 du cône de l'excroissance 22 défini par rapport à l'axe X du brûleur (Figure 2) et compris entre α1/2 et 60° permet d'augmenter la quantité de fumées recyclées. Cette zone tertiaire permet de maintenir un faible niveau général de NOx.The tertiary zone T corresponds to the internal flue gas recirculation zone
In the tertiary zone T, the protuberance 22 protruding from the burner 1 in the hearth of the furnace 5 makes it possible to amplify a phenomenon of internal recirculation of the fumes 50 having the effect of depleting the secondary zone S in O 2 and of reducing the temperature. flame 6. The external angle α 2 of the cone of the protuberance 22 defined with respect to the X axis of the burner ( Figure 2 ) and between α 1/2 and 60 ° makes it possible to increase the quantity of recycled fumes. This tertiary zone makes it possible to maintain a low general level of NOx.

Le dépassement du convergent dans le foyer d2 et le diamètre du convergent primaire sont tels que d2 ≥ r1 x 0,1.The protrusion of the convergent in the focus d 2 and the diameter of the primary convergent are such that d 2 ≥ r 1 x 0.1.

Claims (11)

  1. Burner (1) comprising a distribution body (2) with a primary air injection circuit and a secondary air injection circuit consisting of nozzles, said injection circuits being arranged around a central primary circuit (20) intended to create an axial flame, a combustion head (3) arranged inside the central primary injection circuit (20), and a gas injection pipe (4) directed along an axis (X) of the burner and arranged inside the central primary circuit (20), the primary and secondary air injection circuits being directed towards the axis (X) of the burner, characterised in that the combustion head (3) consists of an air rotating member (30) and a flame stabilizing member (31) and is placed at a non-zero distance d1 from the end of the burner (1) on the flame side (6).
  2. Burner (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the secondary air injection circuit has two walls (211) respectively forming an angle β1 and β2 of between 10° and 60° with the axis (X) of the burner.
  3. Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the primary air injection circuit has a wall (201) making an angle α1 of between 10° and 60° with the axis (X) of the burner.
  4. Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the primary air circuit is distant from r1 from the axis (X) of the burner, the secondary air circuit from r2 and that the ratio r1/r2 is between 0.1 and 0.5.
  5. Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the number of secondary air nozzles is greater than or equal to 2.
  6. Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor body (2) has a protrusion (22) on the side of the flame (6) and making an angle α2 of between α1 / 2 and 60° with respect to the axis (X) of the burner.
  7. Burner (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the protrusion (22) has a length d2 greater than r1 x 0.1.
  8. Burner (1) according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterised in that the wall (201) of the primary air injection circuit is inclined from a distance d3 from the flame end of the burner such that d3 is less than or equal to d1.
  9. Operation of a burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it has a primary air flow rate Qp ≤ 50% of a total air flow rate.
  10. Operation of the burner (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a primary zone (P) inside the distribution body in which the combustion is under stoichiometric of the fuel.
  11. Operation of the burner (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the combustion in the primary zone (P) is carried out with an air-fuel ratio λ ≤ 0.5.
EP16306694.7A 2016-12-15 2016-12-15 Low nox burner Active EP3336428B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16306694.7A EP3336428B1 (en) 2016-12-15 2016-12-15 Low nox burner

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EP3336428B1 true EP3336428B1 (en) 2021-02-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111059534A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-24 武汉轻工大学 Burner for furnace and heating furnace

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4865542A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-09-12 Shell Oil Company Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face
FR2717884B1 (en) * 1994-03-24 1996-06-07 Lorraine Laminage Gas burner for industrial ovens.
IT1287521B1 (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-08-06 Ipeg Spa INTENSIVE BURNER
US7416404B2 (en) * 2005-04-18 2008-08-26 General Electric Company Feed injector for gasification and related method
US9182124B2 (en) * 2011-12-15 2015-11-10 Solar Turbines Incorporated Gas turbine and fuel injector for the same

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