EP3336351A1 - Kammerpumpe und verfahren zum betrieb einer kammerpumpe - Google Patents

Kammerpumpe und verfahren zum betrieb einer kammerpumpe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3336351A1
EP3336351A1 EP17206873.6A EP17206873A EP3336351A1 EP 3336351 A1 EP3336351 A1 EP 3336351A1 EP 17206873 A EP17206873 A EP 17206873A EP 3336351 A1 EP3336351 A1 EP 3336351A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
membrane
chamber
drive rod
electroactive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17206873.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Ullrich Hansmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP3336351A1 publication Critical patent/EP3336351A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
    • F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
    • F04B43/043—Micropumps
    • F04B43/046—Micropumps with piezoelectric drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1037—Flap valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F04B53/146—Piston-rod guiding arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0201—Position of the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/02—Motor parameters of rotating electric motors
    • F04B2203/0209—Rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/02—Elasticity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas or liquid chamber pump hereinafter referred to briefly as a pump.
  • a chamber pump while a piston or diaphragm pump is referred to, in which in a conventional manner during operation due to movement of a piston or a membrane at least partially by means of the piston or the diaphragm limited volume of a pump chamber changes periodically and due the periodic volume change of the pump chamber results in a delivery of a respective medium and / or a pressure change upstream or downstream of the pump.
  • the invention relates to such a chamber pump intended for use in a medical device or in a safety-related system.
  • such a pump is used, for example, to drive respiratory gas in order to transport sample gas - in particular a patient gas - from a sampling location to a measurement location or to control or drive other actuators.
  • a pump in connection with an analysis of a patient's gas, reference may be made to aspirating patient gas monitoring in anesthesia and a so-called remote system in mobile personal gas sensing.
  • a pump is used, for example, for a mobile or stationary analysis of noxious gases in the air.
  • a transport of sample gas from a sampling point to a measuring location by means of the pump, for example, a transport of sample gas from a sampling point to a measuring location.
  • Pumps of the type mentioned are available in various embodiments, for example with a crank mechanism or a linear drive.
  • pumps are known in which the drive is realized piezoelectrically.
  • the respective drive acts on a diaphragm or a piston in a respective pump head.
  • the volume in the pump chamber (compression space) in the pump head is periodically changed by means of the drive. This leads to a volume transport and to a pressure generation.
  • the relationship between the volume transport and the pressure results from the geometry of the pump chamber, the stroke volume, the operating frequency, the switching behavior of the required valves and the external pneumatic load.
  • Pumps for gases and liquids currently available on the market in a power range from 0 mbar to 110 mbar or 200 ml / min to 1100 ml / min or 0 mbar to 300 mbar at 200 ml / min can be operated at their operating point by changing the stroke frequency a drive by means of an electric motor by changing the speed - be adjusted. A further adjustment must be made by an external pneumatic circuit in the respective application. In special cases different pump heads have to be mounted.
  • a change in the stroke frequency affects the pulsation frequency and the alternating component in the pressure curve. This has the following drawbacks: Firstly, traditional measures to suppress the pulsation, such as a low pass, lose their effect. On the other hand, avoidance of certain sensor-critical frequencies can not be ensured. Finally, the coordination of a pneumatic system with the pump is more difficult.
  • linear pumps which can be used as an alternative to electric motor-driven pumps are easy to control, they are significantly more inefficient due to their larger air gaps and require a higher power. In addition, their operation is associated with a higher temperature development. Such linear pumps are also significantly more expensive and expensive to manufacture and maintain, because for the control of the linear motion an additional and above all fast sensors for detecting the position and / or speed of the drive is needed. In addition, necessary for a low-vibration run compensation of linearly moving masses complicated structures.
  • Piezo-electrically driven pumps are energetically suitable only for miniature applications.
  • a chamber pump with the features of claim 1 and with regard to a method for operating such a pump by means of a method having the features of the parallel independent method claim.
  • the or each electroactive membrane acts as an actuator with respect to the axial movement of the drive rod and at least in part replaces a previous drive of the chamber pump.
  • a chamber pump is a cyclically operating machine for the conveyance of liquids or gases. These are referred to collectively as the medium below.
  • a pump cycle includes a return stroke and a forward stroke (or a forward stroke and a return stroke) and this continues in subsequent pump cycles.
  • the mentioned at least one electroactive membrane is intended either to maintain or assist a return stroke or a pre-stroke.
  • at least one Electroactive membrane for obtaining or supporting a return stroke Rückhubmembran
  • Vorhubs Vorhubs is determined (Vorhubmembran).
  • the method for operating a chamber pump of the kind outlined so far characterized by the fact that at least one on the one hand on the drive rod and on the other hand on a housing of the pump or the like attacking electroactive diaphragm for influencing an axial position of the drive rod and to obtain a partial stroke of the chamber pump, namely a Detailhubs the chamber membrane or the piston, is acted upon by an electrical potential.
  • the application of the at least one membrane with an electrical potential causes, in a generally known manner, a change in the so-called aspect ratio (ratio of thickness to area) of the electroactive membrane.
  • aspect ratio ratio of thickness to area
  • an effective length of the at least one diaphragm between its fixed points increases on the one hand on the drive rod and on the other hand on a housing of the pump or the like.
  • the electroactive membrane is preferably biased. This leads to defined conditions. Without an applied electrical potential results in an effective length corresponding to the bias voltage.
  • the effective length of the electroactive membrane is determined by the respective potential (the effective length increases with the applied electric potential).
  • a periodic change in the effective length of the at least one electroactive membrane resulting from an alternating application of the at least one electroactive membrane with an electrical potential can be used to drive a friction and noise-free and wear-free Insert chamber pump, namely for driving a chamber membrane enclosed therefrom or a piston comprised thereof.
  • advantageously very high stroke frequencies are possible.
  • an electroactive membrane can be produced very inexpensively and processed and applied automatically. Furthermore, such an electroactive membrane has a very low mass in relation to conventional drives. This applies both to the proportion of moving masses as well as to the mass as a whole. The moving mass is an important reason why conventional linear drives can not be used for many applications, especially for applications with high stroke frequencies. In contrast to the rotating masses of a motor, which can often be easily balanced, moves in a so-called oscillating armature drive, the mass of the armature in a linear direction and thus shifts the center of gravity periodically. This leads to vibrations and noise, which are not given in a drive of the type proposed here.
  • such a single electroactive diaphragm has, for example, at its center a hole through which the drive rod or a portion of the drive rod of smaller diameter is guided, the edges of the hole being fixed to the drive rod, for example Jamming, gluing or the like.
  • an embodiment is contemplated in which, instead of a single electroactive membrane, a plurality of membranes, each fixed to the drive rod, are used radially from the drive rod run outside and fixed at the opposite end, for example, on the pump housing. The direction of the force action is determined by the location of the attack on the drive rod and the location of the attack, for example on the pump housing.
  • the chamber pump may also be developed according to the dependent method claims, for example in that the chamber pump comprises means for carrying out the corresponding method step or the corresponding method steps, and vice versa, so that with respect to the disclosure of individual device and method aspects of the invention is always mutually referenced or can be.
  • this includes a return element.
  • a return element By means of acting as an actuator electroactive membrane a force for deflecting the drive rod in a first direction applicable and is applied during operation of the chamber pump.
  • the return element By means of the return element is a force for deflecting the drive rod in a direction opposite to the first direction second direction applied and is applied during operation of the chamber pump.
  • One of the two Sectionhube (return stroke or Vorhub) of a complete pump cycle can be triggered by means of the electroactive membrane and is triggered during operation of the chamber pump by means of the electroactive membrane (movement of the drive rod in the first direction).
  • the complementary partial lift can be triggered by means of the return element and is triggered by the return element during operation of the chamber pump (movement of the drive rod in the second direction opposite the first direction).
  • a restoring element for example, a spring (compression spring or tension spring) comes into consideration, whose direction of force is oriented opposite to a resultant force due to the electroactive membrane force direction.
  • a cyclic loading of the electroactive membrane with an electrical potential leads to a first partial stroke and the complementary second partial stroke is triggered by means of the return element.
  • the resulting alternating release of the first and second Operahube leads to a pumping action.
  • the pump comprises, for example, a control unit with at least one input via which the partial lift can be triggered on the basis of the electroactive membrane, for example by supplying the control unit and thus the pump at the respective input with the electrical potential applied to the electroactive membrane shall be.
  • the chamber pump acts as a restoring element exactly one or at least one further (second) electroactive membrane.
  • second electroactive membrane is used. This also acts on the one hand on the drive rod and on the other hand, for example on a housing of the pump, in particular in a form as has been explained above for the first mentioned electroactive membrane.
  • a chamber pump with a (exactly one or at least one) acting as an actor first electroactive membrane and a (exactly one or at least one) acting as an actor second electroactive membrane
  • the exerted by the second electroactive membrane on the drive rod and exerted in operation force is directed antiparallel to the exercisable by means of the first electroactive membrane on the drive rod and exerted in operation force.
  • one of the two Operahube (return stroke or Vorhub) of a complete pump cycle by means of the first electroactive membrane can be triggered and is triggered during operation of the chamber pump by means of the first electroactive membrane (movement of the drive rod in the first direction).
  • the complementary partial stroke can be triggered by means of the second electroactive membrane and is triggered during operation of the chamber pump by means of the second electroactive membrane (movement of the drive rod in the second direction opposite the first direction).
  • the second electroactive membrane acts as a return element for the partial stroke triggered by means of the first electroactive membrane.
  • the first electroactive membrane also acts as a restoring element for the partial stroke triggered by means of the second electroactive membrane.
  • An alternating or at least phase-shifted loading of the first electroactive membrane and of the second electroactive membrane with an electrical potential leads to an alternating triggering of the first and second sub-hubs and thus to a pumping action.
  • the pump comprises, for example, a control unit with inputs via which the first and the second partial lift can be triggered, for example by supplying the electrical unit with which the first or second pump is connected to the control unit and thus to the pump at the respective input electroactive membrane to be acted upon.
  • control unit of the pump for example, a connection for an electrical potential and at least one input, wherein the pump by means of the input, a desired value for a desired pump position is specified, for example in the form of Setpoint, which is a measure of a desired axial position of the drive rod coded.
  • the control unit of the pump then automatically determines, based on the desired value, an electrical potential which is to be applied to the electroactive membrane (or to which the first or the second electroactive membrane is to be acted upon or to which the first and the second electroactive membrane are to be acted upon) to obtain a desired or at least substantially corresponding pump position corresponding to the desired value.
  • the respectively determined electrical potential is automatically generated by the pump control from the externally applied electrical potential.
  • a controllable with a pulse width modulated signal electronic switch for example, a transistor which is connected in a circuit with the electroactive membrane (or the electroactive membranes) that, when the switch is closed, the externally applied potential applied to the electroactive membrane .
  • a pulse width modulated signal electronic switch for example, a transistor which is connected in a circuit with the electroactive membrane (or the electroactive membranes) that, when the switch is closed, the externally applied potential applied to the electroactive membrane .
  • the fundamental frequency of the pulse width modulated signal is chosen to be sufficiently high, for example not below 1 kHz, so that it is ensured that individual pulses of the pulse width modulated signal cause no change in the aspect of the electroactive membrane.
  • the first electroactive membrane is acted upon in accordance with a predetermined or predetermined first voltage profile with an electrical potential and applied to the second electroactive membrane according to a predetermined or predetermined second voltage profile with an electrical potential in a particular embodiment of the method.
  • the first and / or second voltage profile for example, the duration of the first partial lift and / or second partial stroke and thus the total stroke frequency
  • the amplitude of the first partial lift and / or second partial stroke and thus the total displacement and / or the temporal change the volume of the pump chamber can be specified. In this way, the essential parameters of a pumping operation can be set individually or in combination.
  • the first electroactive membrane engages in front of the second electroactive membrane on the drive rod, namely, starting from the attacking on the chamber membrane or on the piston end of the drive rod in front of the second electroactive membrane.
  • a direction is defined.
  • the first electroactive diaphragm acts against the drive rod on the pump housing or the like before its point of application
  • the second electroactive diaphragm engages the drive rod on the pump housing or the like in the same direction behind its point of application. This allows a compact design of the chamber pump.
  • the electroactive membrane - or in one embodiment with a first and a second electroactive membrane one of the two membranes or both membranes - acts as a sensor for obtaining positional information regarding a position the chamber membrane or the piston.
  • the change in thickness also changes the measurable electrical capacitance between two electrodes placed on the surface of the electroactive membrane.
  • Such a signal is proportional to a respective thickness of the membrane and thus also proportional to a respective effective length of the membrane.
  • the effective length of the membrane is in turn proportional to the axial position of the movable means of the membrane drive rod, so that the measured capacitance is a measure of the position of the drive rod and thus a measure of the position of the chamber membrane or the piston.
  • a signal obtainable by means of a capacitance measurement provides position information regarding the position of the chamber membrane or the piston, generally referred to as the pump position.
  • position information can be used as an actual value for a position of the pump and made available, for example, to a higher-level system become. This thus has always up-to-date information regarding the pump position and this can be displayed, for example.
  • the position information can also be compared with an expected pump position and output the result of the comparison as state information or possibly an error message can be generated.
  • the pump position may additionally or alternatively also be used for a control or regulation of the pump. The control or regulation is then implemented, for example, in a control unit of the pump or a control unit of a higher-level system.
  • the latter continuously compares a respective desired value for the position of the pump with the position information (actual value) representing the current position of the pump and generates a manipulated variable in a generally known manner as a function of a possible deviation between setpoint and actual value to extinguish the control deviation or at least to minimize the control deviation, namely a manipulated variable, by means of which the applied to the electroactive membrane (or an electroactive membrane or both electroactive membranes) electrical potential is adjusted.
  • a chamber pump which on the one hand comprises both a first electroactive membrane for a first partial stroke and a second electroactive membrane for a second partial stroke and on the other hand a measurement value which encodes positional information is obtainable by means of a measurement on an electroactive membrane
  • the first electroactive membrane and the second electroactive membrane act alternately as an actuator and as a sensor.
  • the first and second electroactive membrane is cyclically alternately applied to an electric potential to obtain the first and second partial lift. If, for example, the first electroactive membrane is subjected to an electrical potential and this leads to a change (increase) in its effective length, this also affects the aspect ratio of the second electroactive membrane, in particular in the case of prestressed membranes.
  • This change is measurable as described above and, for example, a capacitance measurement provides position information.
  • a capacitance measurement provides position information.
  • the second electroactive membrane is subjected to an electrical potential and accordingly the Position information by means of a measurement, in particular a capacitance measurement, with respect to the first electroactive membrane is determined.
  • the alternating use of one of the two membranes either as a sensor or as an actuator prevents a falsification of the measurement for determining the position information due to an applied electrical potential and accordingly ensures particularly reliable measured values with regard to the position information.
  • control unit includes, for example, a processing unit in the form of or in the manner of a microprocessor and a memory.
  • a control program executable by the processing unit is loaded or loadable into the memory, which is executed during operation by its processing unit.
  • the invention is also a pump with a control unit, wherein the control unit comprises an implementation of the method described here and below (for example in software), operates according to the method and as a means for performing the method at least one control unit with an implementation of Includes method.
  • the implementation of the method is preferably carried out in software.
  • the invention is thus also a computer program with program code instructions executable by a computer (the control unit or its processing unit) and, on the other hand, a storage medium with such a computer program, ie a computer program product with program code means, and finally also a control unit, in its memory as a means for execution the method and its embodiments, such a computer program is loaded or loadable.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show in a schematically simplified manner two basically known per se a hereinafter referred to sometimes as pump 10 briefly chamber pump 10.
  • Each pump 10 has a pump chamber 12, on the one hand by an elastic membrane 14 and on the other hand by a housing part 16 of a pump housing each having at least one inflow and outflow opening formed therein is limited.
  • the membrane 14 referred to below as a diaphragm 14 is laterally connected to the housing part 16.
  • the or each inflow opening and the or each outflow opening are each assigned a valve 18, 20, which releases or closes the inflow or outflow opening synchronously with the pump cycle.
  • the pump cycle results in the operation of the pump 10 due to a respective drive of the pump 10.
  • a rotating drive crank mechanism
  • an electromagnetic drive coil 26 with an at least partially ferromagnetic drive rod 24
  • a pump 10 of this type is referred to as an oscillating armature pump and the at least partially ferromagnetic part of the drive rod 24 corresponding to anchor 30.
  • the drive rod 24 is guided in each case in a guide 32.
  • the chamber membrane 14 Due to the axially oscillating movement of the drive rod 24, the chamber membrane 14 is stretched or relaxed cyclically. During the return stroke of the drive rod 24, the chamber membrane 14 is tensioned and results in an increase in the volume of the chamber 12. When advancing the drive rod 24, the chamber membrane 24 is relaxed and there is a reduction in the volume of the chamber 12. This is true for a means of the drive rod 24th driven piston 34 ( FIG. 9 ) corresponding. As the chamber volume increases, a respective medium flows into the chamber 12 via the or each inflow port. Upon subsequent reduction of the chamber volume, at least a portion of the media previously flowed into the chamber 12 is displaced from the chamber 12 by the or each outflow port. The result is, in a manner known per se, a volume flow of the pumped medium and / or a pressure reduction upstream of the pump 10 and / or a pressure increase downstream of the pump 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a schematically simplified manner an electroactive membrane 40 (electroactive film 40).
  • This may be an electroactive membrane 40 in the form of an electroactive polymer (EAP) or a dielectric elastomer (DEA), referred to below as a membrane 40 for short. Both variants are always to be read in the following at each mention of the membrane 40 or a membrane 40.
  • EAP electroactive polymer
  • DEA dielectric elastomer
  • Electroactive polymers and dielectric elastomers are basically known per se.
  • a membrane 40 formed therefrom, or generally an electroactive membrane 40 is known to change its aspect ratio (thickness to area ratio) in response to an applied electrical potential. Additionally or alternatively, such a membrane 40 is also adjustable in terms of their elasticity, so that depending on the applied potential, a stiff and not or little bendable membrane or an elastic, bendable membrane results, as for example in the US 2004 124384 A1 is described.
  • a diaphragm 40 is shown, which is not subjected to an electrical potential.
  • the same membrane 40 when subjected to an electrical potential shown. It can be seen that the thickness of the membrane 40 is reduced due to the application of an electrical potential. In this case, the area of the membrane 40 has increased. The latter can be seen in the illustration only in the form of an enlargement of the extent of the membrane 40 along one of its main axes, ie in the form of a change in length.
  • FIG. 3 The application of a membrane 40 with an electrical potential is shown in FIG FIG. 3 in the form of two on the membrane 40 attacking lines 42, 44 shown.
  • the lines 42, 44 lead to an electrical energy source, not shown, so that by means of the lines 42, 44, an electrical potential can be applied to the respective membrane 40.
  • these lines 42, 44 are not shown.
  • these lines 42, 44 are of course independent of whether an electrical potential is applied to the respective membrane 40 or not.
  • a membrane 40 with an electrical potential is controlled, for example, by means of a switching element present in a circuit with the lines 42, 44, for example an electronic switch in the form of a transistor or the like, in a basically known manner.
  • a switching element present in a circuit with the lines 42, 44, for example an electronic switch in the form of a transistor or the like, in a basically known manner.
  • visible lines 42, 44 represent an acted upon by an electric potential membrane 40, whereas a membrane 40 without such visible lines 42, 44 is not acted upon in the snapshot each shown with an electrical potential.
  • two membranes 40 are shown, which together form a membrane pair. In the relaxed, that is potential-free state, these are arranged in a same plane next to each other and adjacent to each other. In the region in which the two membranes 40 adjoin one another, a spring element is placed. With a potential applied to the diaphragms 40, the modulus of elasticity of the two diaphragms 40 also changes and the diaphragms 40 which have become flexible due to the applied electrical potential are partially lifted by the spring element, as shown in the illustrated snapshot.
  • FIG. 4 Illustrated shows the representation in FIG. 4 now a first embodiment of a pump 10 of the type proposed here, with respect to known components of the pump 10 to the description FIG. 1 is referenced.
  • FIG. 4 shows on the left side the drive rod 24 at the lower vertex and on the right side at the upper vertex of the oscillating motion. Accordingly, a situation with a maximum volume of the chamber 12 is shown on the left side. When the chamber volume is increased, the respective medium flows into the chamber 12 up to the illustrated position of the chamber membrane 14. On the right side, on the other hand, a situation with a minimum volume of the chamber 12 is shown. With a reduction in the chamber volume, the respective medium is displaced from the chamber 12 up to the illustrated position of the chamber membrane 14.
  • the movement of the chamber membrane 14 - or alternatively the movement of a piston 34 (FIG. FIG. 9 ) - arises due to the oscillating movement of guided in a guide 32 drive rod 24.
  • the movement of the drive rod 24 is now obtained, however (in contrast to the illustrations in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ) no longer due to a crank drive or a linear drive in FIG. 1
  • the drive of the drive rod 24 is effected by means of at least one electroactive membrane 40 or a plurality of symmetrically distributed in the radial direction about the drive rod 24 electroactive membranes 40 and acting in the opposite direction return element.
  • the or each diaphragm 40 engages on the one hand on the outer surface of the drive rod 24 and on the other to a housing of the pump 10.
  • an electrical potential applied to the or each membrane 40 increases the effective length of the or each membrane 40 between the attachment on the one hand, for example, on the pump housing and on the other hand to the drive rod 24.
  • a on the drive rod 24 engaging return element 28, for example, a spring element 28 - in particular a spring element 28 in the form of acting as a tension coil spring - then deflects the drive rod 24 according to the increased effective length of the or each membrane 40, so that a return stroke of the drive rod 24 and correspondingly a return stroke of the chamber membrane 14 results.
  • the diaphragm 40 engages on the outside surface of the drive rod 24 and on the inside surface of the pump housing, for example.
  • the connection of the membrane 40 with the pump housing can be made, for example, by the membrane 40 is fixed on the side of the pump housing between two components of the pump housing along the circumferential line of the pump housing or piecewise along this circumferential line by clamping. Alternatively, for example, sticking to the inner circumferential surface of the pump housing comes into consideration.
  • the connection of the membrane 40 may be made to the drive rod 24, for example, by the membrane 40 is clamped between two parts of the drive rod 24 or by the membrane 40 is adhered to the drive rod 24.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a pump 10, which on the in FIG. 4 shown embodiment, so that in order to avoid repetition on the basis of FIG. 4 explained details.
  • At least one additional electroactive membrane 40 ' takes over the function of the return element.
  • the or each membrane 40 which is the force for the Vorhub applies, as Vorhubmembran 40 and the or each membrane 40 ', which applies the force for the return stroke or apply, referred to as scaffoldmembran 40'.
  • the Vorhubmembran 40 is the membrane that in the in FIG. 5 shown embodiment is closer to the chamber membrane 14 is closer than the return stroke diaphragm 40 '. This order along the longitudinal extension of the drive rod 24 is not mandatory.
  • a force can be exerted on the drive rod 24 by means of at least one membrane 40 in a state not acted upon by an electrical potential, which leads to a forward stroke of the pump 10 (prestroke diaphragm 40) and by means of at least one further diaphragm 40 ' a force not applied to an electric potential, a force can be exerted on the drive rod 24, which leads to a return stroke of the pump 10 (return stroke diaphragm 40).
  • the maximum deflection of the drive rod 24 during a return stroke determines the maximum volume of the pump chamber 12. With a high electrical potential, a greater elongation of the or each diaphragm 40 results, so that the drive rod 24 can be withdrawn correspondingly far. At a lower electrical potential results in less elongation of the or each diaphragm 40, so that the drive rod 24 can be correspondingly less far back. At a higher electrical potential correspondingly results in a larger maximum chamber volume.
  • the resulting oscillation amplitude of the drive rod 24 determines the volume change of the pump chamber 12 and thus, for example, the volume (flow) of the medium delivered per unit time (during a pump cycle, during a return stroke and a subsequent advance) by means of the pump 10.
  • the length of a time unit ie the duration of a pump cycle
  • the illustrations in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 refer.
  • a potential according to a predetermined or predetermined first voltage profile 50 (Rückhubschreibsprofil 50) applied and accordingly during the advance to the or each membrane 40
  • a potential according to a predetermined or predetermined second voltage profile 52 (Vorhubschreibsprofil 52) applied.
  • the pre-lift and return lift tension profiles 50, 52 may be symmetrical, as shown in the illustrations in FIGS FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is shown.
  • the sum of a respective duration (t R , t V ) of the return stroke voltage profile 50 and the Vorhubschreibsprofils 52 determines the total duration of a pump cycle of the pump 10 and is for example by a Change in the slope of the prestroke and remindhubdozenssprofils 50, 52 adjustable.
  • each profile 50, 52 may for example be composed of several piecewise straight sections, each with different slopes.
  • a mathematical function for example a trigonometric function or an exponential function.
  • FIG. 7 shows a return stroke and a Vorhubschreibsprofil 50, 52, which substantially corresponds to a switching on and off of the voltage applied to the or each membrane 40 potential.
  • the time course of the change in the volume of the pump chamber 12 is then determined by the respective restoring force.
  • Such profiles 50, 52 can be realized particularly easily.
  • V back an electrical potential (V back ) between a lower threshold value (V min ⁇ 0V) and an upper threshold value (V max ), for example the maximum potential due to the electrical energy source, to the or each membrane 40 is applied and for an advance a potential (V Vor ) between the upper threshold (V max ) and the lower threshold (V min ) is applied to the or each membrane 40:
  • V return [V min .. V max ];
  • V Vor [V max .. V min ].
  • FIG. 8 shows, by way of example, possible resulting from such adjustability volumes of the pump chamber 12 at the end of a return stroke ( FIG. 8 : left) and at the end of a Vorhubs ( FIG. 8 : right).
  • the illustration of electroactive membranes 40 has been omitted in the interest of clarity. Accordingly, mentally at least one membrane 40 according to FIG. 4 or at least one Vorhubmembran 40 and at least one remindhubmembran 40 'according to FIG. 5 to complete.
  • the associated V max is significantly larger than in the illustrations in FIG. 8 below.
  • the associated V max is approximately equal to the V min of the plots in FIG FIG. 8 above.
  • FIG. 9 show a pump 10 with a piston 34 instead of the previously shown chamber membrane 14. It has already been pointed out that even in the embodiments that show a chamber membrane 14 as a means for periodically changing the volume of the pump chamber 12, instead of the local chamber membrane 14 always Alternatively, a piston 34 as a means for periodically changing the volume of the pump chamber 12 comes into consideration.
  • FIG. 8 It has been shown that by setting the electrical potential with which the or each membrane 40 or the or each forward and remindhubmembran 40, 40 'is applied, can set a middle position, around which the drive rod 24 and thus the chamber membrane 14th (or a piston 34) oscillates. In contrast, in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 shown by dashed lines shown lower (return stroke) and upper (Vorhub) piston positions that set by setting the electrical potential with which the or each membrane 40 or the or each forward and remindhubmembran 40, 40 ', and the stroke volume leaves.
  • the two based on FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 illustrated settings are also combinable.
  • FIG. 10 Finally shows a particular embodiment of a pump 10 based on in FIG. 5
  • the peculiarity is that the at least one electro-active membrane functioning as a pre-stroke membrane 40 and the at least one electro-active membrane functioning as a return stroke membrane 40 'functions cyclically either as an actuator or as a sensor.
  • the function as an actuator has been described so far and due to the function as an actuator results in the oscillating movement of the drive rod 24.
  • the function as a sensor based on that by means of a capacitance measurement, a measure of the respective aspect ratio (ratio of thickness to area) of the membrane 40, 40 'can be determined.
  • the respective determined capacity is a measure of the respective effective length of the diaphragm 40, 40 'and thus also a measure of the axial position of the drive rod 24.
  • the axial position of the drive rod 24 is again a measure of the position of the pump 10, so that Position measurements are available by means of a capacitance measurement, which can be used for a regulation of the pump 10.
  • a particular embodiment of a pump 10 of the type proposed hitherto accordingly consists in that by means of a position measurement value obtainable on the basis of a capacitance measurement on at least one membrane 40, 40 'a regulation of the position of the drive rod 24 (position control) and / or a regulation of the speed of movement of the Drive rod 24 (speed control) takes place.
  • a position measurement value obtainable on the basis of a capacitance measurement on at least one membrane 40, 40 'a regulation of the position of the drive rod 24 (position control) and / or a regulation of the speed of movement of the Drive rod 24 (speed control) takes place.
  • the alternating function of the membranes 40, 40 ' is shown as an actuator or sensor, in that, in addition to the lines 42, 44 for supplying the respective membrane 40, 40' with an electrical potential further lines (measuring lines) 46, 48 are shown for capacitance measurement.
  • a membrane 40, 40 'acting as a sensor in this sense, at least temporarily, makes it possible to detect the course of movement of the pump 10 and, by means of a corresponding control, allows operating modes of the pump 10 with a constant pumping frequency, constant lift, constant force, constant volume change of the pump chamber 12 over the pump Time.
  • functional combinations of the aforementioned types of control are possible.
  • the chamber pump 10 comprises, in a manner known per se, a pump chamber 12, a chamber membrane 14 or a piston 34 as a means for changing the volume of the pump chamber 12, and an axial volume for changing the volume of the pump chamber 12 on the chamber membrane 14 or the piston 34 movable drive rod 24.
  • the here proposed chamber pump 10 is characterized in that it acts as an actuator for influencing an axial position of the drive rod 24 acting on the one hand on the drive rod 24 and on the other hand on a housing of the pump 10 electroactive membrane 40, 40 ' and that during operation of the chamber pump 10, the at least one electroactive membrane 40, 40 'is acted upon to influence an axial position of the drive rod 24 and to obtain a return stroke or a Vorhubs the chamber pump 10 with an electric potential.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP17206873.6A 2016-12-14 2017-12-13 Kammerpumpe und verfahren zum betrieb einer kammerpumpe Withdrawn EP3336351A1 (de)

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